Communication method with an NTN and a tn

Abstract

A disclosure of this specification provides a method. The method comprises: transmitting, by a UE to a network, UE capability; and receiving, by the UE from the network, configuration for a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) and configuration for a TN, wherein the UE capability includes information related to power of the UE, wherein the configuration for the NTN includes power information related to operation frequency range for the NTN, wherein the configuration for the TN includes information related to operation frequency range for the TN, wherein a gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN is based on the power information.

Description

COMMUNICATION METHOD WITH AN NTN AND A TN

[0001] The present disclosure relates to mobile communication.

[0002] 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

[0003] Work has started in International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radio communication sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

[0004] The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shall be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] The UE can perform communication with TN and NTN, based on frequency gap.

[0006] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0007] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0008] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0009] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0010] FIG. 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0011] FIG. 6 is an example of spectrum sharing between TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0012] FIG. 7 shows an example of a gap between TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0013] FIG. 8 shows an example of a flow chart in which a UE switches from TN to NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0014] FIG. 9 shows an example of a flow chart in which a UE switches from NTN to TN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0015] FIG. 10 shows an example for sharing TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0016] FIG. 11 shows an example for Case 1 and Case 2 for spectrum sharing between TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0017] FIG. 12 shows an example of changing from TN UL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0018] FIG. 13 shows an example of changing from TN DL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0019] FIG. 14 shows an example of changing from TN UL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0020] FIG. 15 shows an example of changing from TN DL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0021] FIG. 16 shows another example of changing from TN UL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0022] FIG. 17 shows another example of changing from TN DL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0023] FIG. 18 shows another example of changing from TN UL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0024] FIG. 19 shows another example of changing from TN DL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0025] FIG. 20 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of a UE according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 21 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of an NTN according to the present disclosure.

[0027] The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) system, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system, a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system, and a Multi Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in uplink (UL). Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G New Radio (NR).

[0028] For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0029] For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, the wireless communication standard documents published before the present disclosure may be referenced.

[0030] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0031] In the present disclosure, slash ( / ) or comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C".

[0032] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as "at least one of A and B".

[0033] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0034] Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". In detail, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0035] Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0036] Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0037] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0038] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0039] The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.

[0040] Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), (2) a category of massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC).

[0041] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, Base Stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system.

[0042] The BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0043] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device 100f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.

[0044] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be called User Equipments (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field.

[0045] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) / Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0046] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless device 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BSs 200. Herein, the wireless communication / connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or Device-to-Device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and the BSs 200 / the wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting / receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0047] NR supports multiples numerologies (and / or multiple Sub-Carrier Spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15 kHz, wide area can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. If SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0048] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2). The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range," and may be referred to as millimeter Wave (mmW).

[0049] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0050] As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0051] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0052] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and be called by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate Personal Area Networks (PANs) associated with small / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be called various names.

[0053] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0054] In FIG. 2, The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the BS 200}, {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the wireless device 100a to 100f} and / or {the BS 200 and the BS 200} of FIG. 1. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured by various elements, devices / parts, and / or modules.

[0055] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 106, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 101, and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0056] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor, such a processor 102, and at least one memory, such as a memory 104. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside of the processing chip 101.

[0057] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information within the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0058] The memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store a firmware and / or a software code 105 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0059] Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0060] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 206, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 201, and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0061] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor, such a processor 202, and at least one memory, such as a memory 204. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside of the processing chip 201.

[0062] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process information within the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0063] The memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store a firmware and / or a software code 205 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0064] Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0065] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs), one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0066] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an Application Processor (AP), an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), and a memory control processor.

[0067] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drive, register, cash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and / or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

[0068] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0069] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0070] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202.

[0071] Although not shown in FIG. 2, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include additional components. The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an Input / Output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The additional components 140 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0072] In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in Uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in Downlink (DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s) 102 connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0073] In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0074] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 3, a UE 100 may correspond to the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 2.

[0076] A UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 141, a battery 142, a display 143, a keypad 144, a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card 145, a speaker 146, and a microphone 147.

[0077] The processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102. The processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The processor 102 may be an application processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of DSP, CPU, GPU, a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGONTMseries of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOSTMseries of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIOTMseries of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOMTMseries of processors made by Intel®or a corresponding next generation processor.

[0078] The memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 can be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means as is known in the art.

[0079] The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106 controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.

[0080] The power management module 141 manages power for the processor 102 and / or the transceiver 106. The battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.

[0081] The display 143 outputs results processed by the processor 102. The keypad 144 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102. The keypad 144 may be shown on the display 143.

[0082] The SIM card 145 is an　integrated circuit　that is intended to　securely store the　International Mobile Subscriber Identity　(IMSI) number and its related　key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on　mobile telephony　devices (such as　mobile phones　and　computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

[0083] The speaker 146 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 102. The microphone 147 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 102.

[0084] <6G System General>

[0085] A 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rate per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) decrease in energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capacity. The vision of the 6G system may include four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity" and "ubiquitous connectivity", and the 6G system may satisfy the requirements shown in Table 3 below. That is, Table 3 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0086] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0087] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and enhanced data security.

[0088] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0089] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than a 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, which is the key feature of 5G, will become more important technology by providing end-to-end latency less than 1 ms in 6G communication. At this time, the 6G system may have much better volumetric spectrum efficiency unlike frequently used domain spectrum efficiency. The 6G system may provide advanced battery technology for energy harvesting and very long battery life and thus mobile devices may not need to be separately charged in the 6G system. In addition, in 6G, new network characteristics may be as follows.

[0090] - Satellites integrated network: To provide a global mobile group, 6G will be integrated with satellite. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites and public networks as one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.

[0091] - Connected intelligence: Unlike the wireless communication systems of previous generations, 6G is innovative and wireless evolution may be updated from "connected things" to "connected intelligence". AI may be applied in each step (or each signal processing procedure which will be described below) of a communication procedure.

[0092] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: A 6G wireless network may transfer power in order to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0093] - Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish super 3D connection in 6G ubiquitous.

[0094] In the new network characteristics of 6G, several general requirements may be as follows.

[0095] - Small cell networks: The idea of a small cell network was introduced in order to improve received signal quality as a result of throughput, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency improvement in a cellular system. As a result, the small cell network is an essential feature for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Accordingly, the 6G communication system also employs the characteristics of the small cell network.

[0096] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of the 6G communication system. A multi-tier network composed of heterogeneous networks improves overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0097] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connection is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network in order to support high-capacity traffic. A high-speed optical fiber and free space optical (FSO) system may be a possible solution for this problem.

[0098] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Accordingly, the radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.

[0099] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important functions which are the bases of a design process in a 5GB network in order to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability.

[0100] <Core implementation technology of 6G system>

[0101] Artificial Intelligence

[0102] Technology which is most important in the 6G system and will be newly introduced is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. A 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will support AI for full automation. Advance in machine learning will create a more intelligent network for real-time communication in 6G. When AI is introduced to communication, real-time data transmission may be simplified and improved. AI may determine a method of performing complicated target tasks using countless analysis. That is, AI may increase efficiency and reduce processing delay.

[0103] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection or resource scheduling may be immediately performed by using AI. AI may play an important role even in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communication. In addition, AI may be rapid communication in a brain computer interface (BCI). An AI based communication system may be supported by meta materials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent recognition radios, self-maintaining wireless networks and machine learning.

[0104] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with a wireless communication system in the application layer or the network layer, but deep learning have been focused on the wireless resource management and allocation field. However, such studies are gradually developed to the MAC layer and the physical layer, and, particularly, attempts to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission are emerging. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in a fundamental signal processing and communication mechanism. For example, channel coding and decoding based on deep learning, signal estimation and detection based on deep learning, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanisms based on deep learning, resource scheduling and allocation based on AI, etc. may be included.

[0105] Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning may be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in the MIMO system.

[0106] Machine learning refers to a series of operations to train a machine in order to create a machine which can perform tasks which cannot be performed or are difficult to be performed by people. Machine learning requires data and learning models. In machine learning, data learning methods may be roughly divided into three methods, that is, supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning.

[0107] Neural network learning is to minimize output error. Neural network learning refers to a process of repeatedly inputting training data to a neural network, calculating the error of the output and target of the neural network for the training data, backpropagating the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to an input layer in order to reduce the error and updating the weight of each node of the neural network.

[0108] Supervised learning may use training data labeled with a correct answer and the unsupervised learning may use training data which is not labeled with a correct answer. That is, for example, in case of supervised learning for data classification, training data may be labeled with a category. The labeled training data may be input to the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network may be compared with the label of the training data, thereby calculating the error. The calculated error is backpropagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to backpropagation. Change in updated connection weight of each node may be determined according to the learning rate. Calculation of the neural network for input data and backpropagation of the error may configure a learning cycle (epoch). The learning data is differently applicable according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early phase of learning of the neural network, a high learning rate may be used to increase efficiency such that the neural network rapidly ensures a certain level of performance and, in the late phase of learning, a low learning rate may be used to increase accuracy.

[0109] The learning method may vary according to the feature of data. For example, for the purpose of accurately predicting data transmitted from a transmitter in a receiver in a communication system, learning may be performed using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0110] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and may be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, a paradigm of machine learning using a neural network structure having high complexity, such as artificial neural networks, as a learning model is referred to as deep learning.

[0111] Neural network cores used as a learning method may roughly include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmman machine (RNN) method and a spiking neural networks (SNN). Such a learning model is applicable.

[0112] THz (Terahertz) Communication

[0113] A data rate may increase by increasing bandwidth. This may be performed by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves which are known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally indicates a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in a range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. A band range of 100 GHz to 300 GHz (sub THz band) is regarded as a main part of the THz band for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the mmWave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity increases. 300 GHz to 3 THz of the defined THz band is in a far infrared (IR) frequency band. A band of 300 GHz to 3 THz is a part of an optical band but is at the border of the optical band and is just behind an RF band. Accordingly, the band of 300 GHz to 3 THz has similarity with RF.

[0114] FIG. 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0115] The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) bandwidth widely available to support a very high data rate and (ii) high path loss occurring at a high frequency (a high directional antenna is indispensable). A narrow beam width generated in the high directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of a THz signal allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with a device and BS operating in this band. Therefore, an advanced adaptive arrangement technology capable of overcoming a range limitation may be used.

[0116] Large-scale MIMO

[0117] One of core technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is MIMO technology. When MIMO technology is improved, spectrum efficiency is also improved. Accordingly, massive MIMO technology will be important in the 6G system. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and management technology suitable for the THz band should be significantly considered such that data signals are transmitted through one or more paths.

[0118] Hologram Beamforming

[0119] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram Beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because this uses a software-defined antenna. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0120] Optical wireless technology

[0121] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to transmit signals. OWC that operates in the visible light band (e.g., 390 to 750 nm) is commonly referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations may utilize light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communications networks, and vehicular networks.

[0122] VLC has the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is free / unlicensed and can provide a wide range of bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied in sensitive electromagnetic interference applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC has strengths in communications security and privacy. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks, i.e., visible light, cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect users' privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0123] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, and vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSOs can operate in the near-infrared frequencies (750-1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0124] These OWC technologies are planned for 6G communications, in addition to RF-based communications for any possible device-to-access network. These networks will access network-to-backhaul / fronthaul network connections. OWC technology has already been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0125] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be utilized for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on the optical band. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to shine a light on an object, and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully automated driving of cars.

[0126] FSO Backhaul Network

[0127] The characteristics of the transmitter and receiver of the FSO system are similar to those of an optical fiber network. Accordingly, data transmission of the FSO system similar to that of the optical fiber system. Accordingly, FSO may be a good technology for providing backhaul connection in the 6G system along with the optical fiber network. When FSO is used, very long-distance communication is possible even at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports mass backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as sea, space, underwater and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0128] NTN: Non-Terrestrial Networks

[0129] The 6G system will integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically expanding user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR considers Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) as one way to do this. An NTN is a network or network segment that uses RF resources aboard a satellite (or UAS platform). There are two common scenarios for NTNs that provide access to user equipment: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of an NTN

[0130] - One or more sat-gateways connecting the NTN to a public data network

[0131] - GEO satellites are fed by one or multiple sat-gateways deployed across the satellite target coverage (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat-gateway.

[0132] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or multiple satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between successively serviced satellite gateways with a time duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handover to proceed.

[0133] - The feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0134] - The service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0135] - Satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. Satellite (or UAS platform) generated beam A satellite (or UAS platform) generates multiple beams for a given service area, typically based on its field of view. The footprint of a beam is typically elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum angle of attack.

[0136] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0137] - Regenerative payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as carrying all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB) on board a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0138] - Optionally, for satellite deployments, an inter-satellite link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0139] - The user equipment is serviced by the satellite (or UAS platform) within the targeted coverage area.

[0140] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0141] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide service in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires proper orbital inclination, sufficient beams generated, and links between satellites.

[0142] Quantum Communication

[0143] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that can overcome the limitations of conventional communication, such as security and ultra-fast computation, by applying quantum mechanical properties to the field of communication. Quantum communication provides a means of generating, transmitting, processing, and storing information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0s and 1s according to binary bit information used in conventional communication technologies, or is difficult to express. In conventional communication technologies, wavelengths or amplitudes are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver, but in quantum communication, photons, the smallest unit of light, are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver. In particular, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. Quantum communication may also enable ultrafast communication using quantum entanglement under certain conditions.

[0144] Cell-free Communication

[0145] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial for 6G systems. As a result, users will be able to seamlessly move from one network to another without having to create any manual configurations on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, the movement of users from one cell to another causes too many handovers in dense networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communications will overcome all of these and provide better QoS.

[0146] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU." A single terminal is served by a set of multiple APs, called an AP cluster. There are several ways to form AP clusters, among which the method of organizing AP clusters with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the reception performance of a terminal is called the terminal-centric clustering method, and the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. This device-centric AP clustering technique ensures that the device is always at the center of the AP cluster and is therefore immune to inter-cluster interference that can occur when a device is located at the boundary of an AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0147] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0148] WIET uses the same field and wave as a wireless communication system. In particular, a sensor and a smartphone will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

[0149] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0150] An autonomous wireless network is a function for continuously detecting a dynamically changing environment state and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0151] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0152] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connection such as FSO network. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be a tight integration between the access and backhaul networks.

[0153] Big Data Analysis

[0154] Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process finds information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer disposition to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as video, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used for processing massive data in the 6G system.

[0155] Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface

[0156] There has been a large body of research that considers the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is referred to as a Smart Radio Environment (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environment (IRE) to emphasize its fundamental difference from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) technologies to enable SRE, including Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0157] In the case of THz band signals, there are many shadowed areas caused by obstacles due to the strong straightness of the signal, and RIS technology is important to expand the communication area by installing RIS near these shadowed areas to enhance communication stability and provide additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be seen as an extension of massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism than massive MIMO. RIS has the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, i.e., it only passively reflects signals without using active RF chains. Furthermore, each of the passive reflectors in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, which can be advantageous for the wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift through the RIS controller, the reflected signals can be gathered at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0158] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are also RISs that can tune transmission and refractive properties, and these RISs are often used for outdoor to indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides transmission at the same time as reflection, has also been actively researched.

[0159] Metaverse

[0160] Metaverse is a combination of the words "meta" meaning virtual, transcendent, and "universe" meaning space. Generally speaking, the term is used to describe a three-dimensional virtual space in which social and economic activities are the same as in the real world.

[0161] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology that enables the metaverse, is the fusion of the virtual and the real, which can extend the experience of reality and provide a unique immersive experience. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0162] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0163] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles need to communicate with each other to alert each other to dangerous situations, or with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as the location of parking information and signal change times. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), a key element in building an autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share information with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), in order to drive autonomously.

[0164] In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond delivering warnings and guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in the operation of the vehicle and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations, and the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received will be enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0165] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0166] An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone will be an important factor in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, a high-speed data wireless connection is provided using UAV technology. A base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features, which are not found in fixed base station infrastructures, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and mobility-controlled degrees of freedom. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. The UAV can easily handle this situation. The UAV will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. The UAV can also serve a number of purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0167] Block-chain

[0168] A blockchain will be important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. The blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node duplicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. The blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This may exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. The blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. The blockchain completely complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability and scalability. Accordingly, the blockchain technology provides several functions such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0169] This specification may suggest a method to communicate by sharing a TN (Terrestrial Network) band and an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) band.

[0170] The TN band may be used for communication between the TN and the UE. The TN may be by a base station.

[0171] The NTN band may be used for communication between the NTN and the UE.

[0172] The NTN may be by an NTN satellite.

[0173] This specification may be related to UE RF requirements supporting TN and NTN spectrum sharing.

[0174] 1. TN & NTN Spectrum Sharing

[0175] As of now, NR UE RF requirements have been specified for TN and NTN separately, and, the supported band number has been specified with different band number as seen in TS38.101-1 V18.7.0 Table 5.2-1 (TN) and TS38.101-5 V18.7.0 Table 5.2.2-1 (NTN).

[0176] Even though the band number is different between TN and NTN, in some case, the frequency range of the band number is overlapped fully or partially.

[0177] FIG. 6 is an example of spectrum sharing between TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0178] For TN band n24 and NTN band n251, n24 DL may be partially overlapped with n251 DL.

[0179] For TN band n24 and NTN band n251, n24 UL may be fully overlapped with n251 UL.

[0180] For TN band n24 and NTN band n255, n24 DL may be fully overlapped with n255 DL

[0181] For TN band n24 and NTN band n255, n24 UL is fully overlapped with n255 UL

[0182] For TN band n24 and NTN band n250, n24 DL may be fully overlapped with n250 DL

[0183] For TN band n24 and NTN band n250, n24 UL may be not fully overlapped with n250 UL

[0184] For TN band n24 and NTN band n253, n24 DL may be not fully overlapped with n253 DL

[0185] For TN band n24 and NTN band n253, n24 UL may be not fully overlapped with n253 UL

[0186] Note 16 in TS38.101-1 V18.7.0 Table 5.2-1 (TN) is as follows:

[0187] - NOTE 16: DL operation in this band is restricted to 1526 - 1536 MHz and UL operation is restricted to 1627.5 - 1637.5 MHz and 1646.5 - 1656.5 MHz.

[0188] In n24, DL operation may be restricted to 10MHz (1526-1536MHz) and UL operation may be restricted to 20MHz (1627.5-1637.5 MHz and 1646.5 - 1656.5 MHz). Regarding it, DL / UL for n24 and n251, DL / UL for n24 and n255, and DL for n24 and n250 can be effectively considered as to be partially (or fully) overlapped.

[0189] When TN and NTN are operated with spectrum sharing, The following operations may be suggested.

[0190] TN may indicate the operating frequency range in the configured band number (e.g., TN band) to NTN. It can be indicated separately in DL and UL, for example, '1526-1536MHz' for DL in n24, and '1627.5-1637.5 MHz' and '1646.5 - 1656.5 MHz' for UL in n24.

[0191] Then, NTN may configure NTN operating frequency range for DL and UL taking the indicated TN operating frequency range into account.

[0192] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0193] FIG. 7 shows an example of a gap between TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0194] To reduce / avoid interference to TN, NTN may configure the NTN operating frequency range with gap between TN and NTN. For example, there may be a gap between the NTN operating frequency range configured by NTN and the TN operating frequency range indicated by TN.

[0195] The gap may be indicated as UE capability.

[0196] The gap may be separately indicated for DL and UL.

[0197] The gap for UL may be different depending on TN UE maximum output power, for example, power class, or radiated maximum output power.

[0198] For example, the UE may transmit, to a network (e.g., TN, NTN), UE capability (e.g., maximum output power, power class, radiated maximum output power). Based on the UE capability, the network (e.g., TN, NTN) may configure the gap (gap between TN and NTN) for spectrum sharing.

[0199] As one example of Gap, Gap may be configured as follows:

[0200] - Gap may be 3 MHz for 'max(TN max output power, NTN max output power) <= 23 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 3 MHz if the larger value of TN max output power and NTN max output power is less than or equal to 23 dBm'.

[0201] - Gap may be 4 MHz for '23dBm < max(TN max output power, NTN max output power) <= 26 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 4 MHz i) if the larger value of TN max output power and NTN max output power is less than or equal to 26 dBm' and ii) if the larger value of TN max output power and NTN max output power is greater than 23 dBm.

[0202] - Gap may be 5 MHz for 'max(TN max output power, NTN max output power) >= 26 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 5 MHz if the larger value of TN max output power and NTN max output power is greater than or equal to 26 dBm'.

[0203] As one example of Gap, Gap may be configured as follows:

[0204] - Gap may be 3 MHz for 'TN max output power<= 23 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 3 MHz if TN max output power is less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0205] - Gap may be 4 MHz for '23 dBm < TN max output power<= 26 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 4 MHz i) if TN max output power is less than or equal to 26 dBm and ii) if TN max output power is greater than 23 dBm.

[0206] - Gap may be 5 MHz for 'TN max output power>=26 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 5 MHz if TN max output power is greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0207] As one example of Gap, Gap may be configured as follows:

[0208] - Gap may be 3 MHz for 'NTN max output power<= 23 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 3 MHz if NTN max output power is less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0209] - Gap may be 4 MHz for '23 dBm < NTN max output power<= 26 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 4 MHz i) if NTN max output power is less than or equal to 26 dBm and ii) if NTN max output power is greater than 23 dBm.

[0210] - Gap may be 5 MHz for 'NTN max output power>=26 dBm'. For example, Gap may be 5 MHz if NTN max output power is greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0211] The TN max output power may be the maximum output power when the terminal sends an uplink signal to TN. The NTN max output power may be the maximum output power when the terminal sends an uplink signal to NTN.

[0212] Other Gap values may be applied.

[0213] The gap may exist based an operating band for TN and an operating band for NTN overlapping in the frequency domain.

[0214] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0215] FIG. 8 shows an example of a flow chart in which a UE switches from TN to NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0216] 1) step 1

[0217] The TN network (e.g., a base station) may transmit information related to TN&NTN operating range (UL&DL) to the UE.

[0218] 2) step 2

[0219] The TN network may transmit information related to TN operating frequency range (UL&DL) to the NTN network.

[0220] For example, the information related to TN operating frequency range (UL&DL) includes information related to a band, CBW (Channel Bandwidth), NR-ARFCN (NR Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number).

[0221] 3) step 3

[0222] The UE may switch from TN to NTN.

[0223] For example, the UE may switch from TN cell to NTN cell.

[0224] Then, the UE may transmit UE capability to the NTN network.

[0225] For example, the UE capability may include information related to a gap between TN and NTN. For example, the UE capability may include information that the UE supports a gap (between TN and NTN) of 5 MHz.

[0226] For example, the UE capability may include information related to power of UE (e.g., maximum output power, power class, radiated maximum output power).

[0227] The NTN network may determine a gap (between TN and NTN) and NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL), based on the UE capability. There may be the determined gap between the determined NTN operating frequency range and the TN operating frequency range indicated by TN in step 2.

[0228] The NTN network may transmit configuration of NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL).

[0229] The UE may be configured with NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL). The UE may perform communication(transmission / reception) with TN network via the TN operating frequency range (UL&DL) (received in step 1). The UE may perform communication(transmission / reception) with NTN network via the configured NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL).

[0230] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0231] FIG. 9 shows an example of a flow chart in which a UE switches from NTN to TN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0232] 1) step 1

[0233] The NTN network may transmit information related to TN&NTN operating range (UL&DL) to the UE.

[0234] 2) step 2

[0235] The NTN network may transmit information related to NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL) to the TN network.

[0236] For example, the information related to NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL) includes information related to a band, CBW (Channel Bandwidth), NR-ARFCN (NR Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number).

[0237] 3) step 3

[0238] The UE may switch from NTN to TN.

[0239] For example, the UE may switch from NTN cell to TN cell.

[0240] Then, the UE may transmit UE capability to the TN network.

[0241] For example, the UE capability may include information related to a gap between TN and NTN. For example, the UE capability may include information that the UE supports a gap (between TN and NTN) of 5 MHz.

[0242] For example, the UE capability may include information related to power of UE (e.g., maximum output power, power class, radiated maximum output power).

[0243] The TN network may determine a gap (between TN and NTN) and TN operating frequency range (UL&DL), based on the UE capability. There may be the determined gap between the determined TN operating frequency range and the NTN operating frequency range indicated by NTN in step 2.

[0244] The TN network may transmit configuration of TN operating frequency range (UL&DL).

[0245] The UE may be configured with TN operating frequency range (UL&DL). The UE may perform communication(transmission / reception) with NTN network via the NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL) (received in step 1). The UE may perform communication(transmission / reception) with TN network via the configured TN operating frequency range (UL&DL).

[0246] Th UE may transmit UE capability to a network. The UE may be configured with NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL) and TN operating frequency range (UL&DL) by the network. A gap between the configured NTN operating frequency range and the configured TN operating frequency range may be depending on UE power (e.g., TN maximum output power, NTN maximum output power, power class, radiated maximum output power). The UE may perform communication via the configured NTN operating frequency range and the configured TN operating frequency range with TN and NTN.

[0247] The UE may receive configuration for NTN and TN. The configuration for NTN includes information related to NTN operating frequency range (UL&DL). The configuration for TN includes information related to TN operating frequency range (UL&DL).

[0248] There may be 2 cases for spectrum sharing TN and NTN.

[0249] Case 1 is when a UE supports TN under in-coverage and NTN in out of coverage.

[0250] In Case 1, the UE may perform a single carrier operation, however, the UE supports switching between TN and NTN when moving from in-coverage to out of coverage based on TN. It may be implemented with single RF chain.

[0251] Case 2 is when a UE supports both TN and NTN under in-coverage.

[0252] In Case 2, the UE may perform a single carrier operation with switching between TN and NTN. It may be implemented with single RF chain.

[0253] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0254] FIG. 10 shows an example for sharing TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0255] NTN operation may be performed by using the remained frequency range from TN operation in NR band (e.g., n25).

[0256] In TN NR band, some UE may support NTN operation by using the remaining frequency out of TN frequency range.

[0257] In this case, there may be no gap between TN frequency range and NTN frequency range.

[0258] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0259] FIG. 11 shows an example for Case 1 and Case 2 for spectrum sharing between TN and NTN according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0260] FIG. 11 shows the example of Case 1, and Case 2 above for spectrum sharing TN and NTN in a same TN band.

[0261] Case 1 may be as follows:

[0262] - UE1 may support TN (with TN frequency range) under in-coverage and NTN (with NTN frequency range) in out of coverage.

[0263] - UE1 may be switched from TN (with TN frequency range) to NTN (with NTN frequency range) when moving from in-coverage to out of coverage based on TN.

[0264] - UE1 may be switched from NTN (with NTN frequency range) to TN (with TN frequency range) when moving from out of coverage to in-coverage based on TN.

[0265] - UE1 may have a single RF chain.

[0266] Case 2 may be as follows:

[0267] - UE3 may support TN (with TN frequency range) and NTN (with NTN frequency range) under in-coverage with single carrier in TN NR band.

[0268] - UE3 may be switched from TN to NTN or from NTN to TN.

[0269] - UE3 may have a single RF chain.

[0270] In Case1 and Case2, UE2 may support only NTN (with NTN frequency range) in TN NR band.

[0271] In Case1 and Case2, an example of TN frequency range and NTN frequency range may be as FIG. 10.

[0272] TN NR band may be either FDD or TDD. In this regard, Case 1 and Case 2 are described below.

[0273] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0274] FIG. 12 shows an example of changing from TN UL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0275] FIG. 13 shows an example of changing from TN DL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0276] FIG. 14 shows an example of changing from TN UL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0277] FIG. 15 shows an example of changing from TN DL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0278] FIG. 16 shows another example of changing from TN UL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0279] FIG. 17 shows another example of changing from TN DL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0280] FIG. 18 shows another example of changing from TN UL to NTN DL and then from NTN DL to TN UL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0281] FIG. 19 shows another example of changing from TN DL to NTN UL and then from NTN UL to TN DL according to a disclosure of the specification.

[0282] 1. Case 1 when TN NR band is FDD

[0283] (1) FIG. 12

[0284] FIG. 12 shows TN UL & NTN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some UL transmission part may be overlapped between TN and NTN.

[0285] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0286] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N'.

[0287] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0288] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1' may be dropped

[0289] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0290] 2) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'.

[0291] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0292] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0293] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'TN NR UL transmission for first half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be transmitted,

[0294] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', switching time may be located in slot 'N+3' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0295] (2) FIG. 13

[0296] FIG. 13 shows TN DL & NTN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some DL reception part may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 13

[0297] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0298] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'.

[0299] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0300] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped.

[0301] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' is received.

[0302] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+1' and is time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0303] 2) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N+3'.

[0304] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be performed.

[0305] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0306] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+3' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0307] (3) FIG. 16

[0308] FIG. 16 shows TN UL & NTN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some UL transmission part may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 16.

[0309] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0310] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N'.

[0311] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0312] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1' may be dropped

[0313] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0314] 2) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'.

[0315] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' is dropped.

[0316] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR UL transmission for first half slot of 'N+3' may be performed and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped,

[0317] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0318] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0319] (4) FIG. 17

[0320] FIG. 17 shows TN DL & NTN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some DL reception part may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 17.

[0321] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0322] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'.

[0323] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0324] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped.

[0325] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' may be received,

[0326] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+1' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0327] 2) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N+3'.

[0328] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be dropped.

[0329] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0330] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0331] 2. Case 1 when TN NR band is TDD

[0332] When switching from TN UL to NTN UL, from NTN UL to TN UL, from TN DL to NTN DL, and from NTN DL to TN DL, the above description for FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 may be applied.

[0333] (1) FIG. 14

[0334] FIG. 14 shows TN UL to NTN DL, and NTN DL to TN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of timing advance and receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN UL transmission and NTN DL reception may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 14.

[0335] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0336] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N'.

[0337] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0338] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped.

[0339] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' may be received.

[0340] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0341] 2) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'.

[0342] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be performed.

[0343] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0344] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+3' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0345] (2) FIG. 15

[0346] FIG. 15 shows TN DL to NTN UL, and NTN UL to TN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of receiving time and timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN DL reception and NTN UL transmission may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 15.

[0347] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0348] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'.

[0349] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0350] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1' may be dropped,

[0351] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' can be transmitted when ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ one slot.

[0352] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' may be dropped when 'overlapping duration + switching time' > 1.5 slot.

[0353] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', in NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2', first half slot may be dropped and second half slot may be transmitted when {one slot < ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ 1.5 slot}.

[0354] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+1' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0355] 2) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N+3'.

[0356] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0357] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0358] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'TN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be received

[0359] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+3' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0360] (3) FIG. 18

[0361] FIG. 18 shows TN UL to NTN DL, and NTN DL to TN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of timing advance and receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN UL transmission and NTN DL reception may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 18.

[0362] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0363] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N'.

[0364] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0365] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped.

[0366] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' may be received.

[0367] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0368] 2) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'.

[0369] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be dropped.

[0370] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0371] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0372] (3) FIG. 19

[0373] FIG. 19 shows TN DL to NTN UL, and NTN UL to TN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE1(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of receiving time and timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN DL reception and NTN UL transmission may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 19.

[0374] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0375] 1) Switching from TN to NTN may be performed. Partial overlapping may be in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'.

[0376] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0377] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1' may be dropped.

[0378] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' can be transmitted when ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ one slot.

[0379] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' may be dropped when 'overlapping duration + switching time' > 1.5 slot.

[0380] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', in NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2', first half slot may be dropped and second half slot may be transmitted when {one slot < ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ 1.5 slot}.

[0381] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+1' and is time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0382] 1) Switching from NTN to TN may be performed. Overlapping may be in slot 'N+3'.

[0383] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0384] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR UL transmission for first half slot of 'N+3' may be performed and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0385] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0386] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0387] 3. Case 2 when TN NR band is FDD

[0388] (1) FIG 12

[0389] FIG 12 shows TN UL & NTN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG 11) supporting a single RF chain, there is big difference of timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some UL transmission part is overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG 12.

[0390] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0391] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N'

[0392] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0393] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1' may be dropped

[0394] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0395] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'

[0396] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0397] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0398] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'TN NR UL transmission for first half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be transmitted,

[0399] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', Switching time is located in slot 'N+3' and is time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0400] (2) FIG 13

[0401] FIG 13 shows TN DL & NTN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some DL reception part may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG 13.

[0402] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0403] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'

[0404] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0405] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped,

[0406] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' may be received.

[0407] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+1' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0408] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3'

[0409] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be performed.

[0410] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0411] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+3' and is time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0412] (3) FIG 16

[0413] FIG 16 shows TN UL & NTN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some UL transmission part may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG 16.

[0414] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0415] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N'

[0416] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0417] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1 may be is dropped

[0418] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0419] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'

[0420] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0421] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR UL transmission for first half slot of 'N+3' may be performed and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped,

[0422] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0423] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0424] (3) FIG 17

[0425] FIG 17 shows TN DL & NTN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG 11) supporting a single RF chain, there is big difference of receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some DL reception part is overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG 17.

[0426] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0427] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'

[0428] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0429] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped.

[0430] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' may be received,

[0431] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+1' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0432] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3'

[0433] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be dropped.

[0434] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0435] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0436] 4. Case 2 when TN NR band is TDD

[0437] When switching from TN UL to NTN UL, from NTN UL to TN UL, from TN DL to NTN DL, and from from NTN DL to TN DL, the above description for FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 is applied.

[0438] (1) FIG. 14

[0439] FIG. 14 shows TN UL to NTN DL, and NTN DL to TN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of timing advance and receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN UL transmission and NTN DL reception may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 14.

[0440] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0441] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N'

[0442] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0443] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped.

[0444] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' may be received.

[0445] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0446] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'

[0447] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be performed.

[0448] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0449] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+3' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0450] (2) FIG. 15

[0451] FIG. 15 shows TN DL to NTN UL, and NTN UL to TN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of receiving time and timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN DL reception and NTN UL transmission may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 15.

[0452] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0453] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'

[0454] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0455] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1' may be dropped.

[0456] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' can be transmitted when ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ one slot.

[0457] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' may be dropped when 'overlapping duration + switching time' > 1.5 slot.

[0458] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', in NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2', first half slot may be dropped and second half slot is transmitted when {one slot < ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ 1.5 slot}.

[0459] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time is located in slot 'N+1' and is time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0460] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3'

[0461] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0462] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0463] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'TN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be received.

[0464] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+3' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0465] (3) FIG. 18

[0466] FIG. 18 shows TN UL to NTN DL, and NTN DL to TN UL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of timing advance and receiving time between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN UL transmission and NTN DL reception may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 18.

[0467] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0468] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N'

[0469] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0470] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be dropped.

[0471] Or, when switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR DL reception for first half slot of 'N' may be dropped and that for second half slot of 'N' may be received.

[0472] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping in slot 'N', Switching time may be located in slot 'N' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0473] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3'

[0474] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', NTN NR DL reception for slot 'N+2' may be dropped.

[0475] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', TN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0476] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping partially in slot 'N+2' and slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0477] (3) FIG. 19

[0478] FIG. 19 shows TN DL to NTN UL, and NTN UL to TN DL scheduling and UE RF switching time. For UE3(in FIG. 11) supporting a single RF chain, there may be big difference of receiving time and timing advance between TN and NTN. Due to it, when switching from TN to NTN, or from NTN to TN, some part for TN DL reception and NTN UL transmission may be overlapped between TN and NTN as seen in FIG. 19.

[0479] For overlapped part, the following operations may be performed.

[0480] 1) When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1'

[0481] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N' may be performed.

[0482] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+1' may be dropped,

[0483] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' can be transmitted when ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ one slot.

[0484] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2' may be dropped when 'overlapping duration + switching time' > 1.5 slot.

[0485] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', in NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+2', first half slot may be dropped and second half slot may be transmitted when {one slot < ‘overlapping duration + switching time’ ≤ 1.5 slot}.

[0486] When switching from TN to NTN and overlapping partially in slot 'N' and slot 'N+1', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+1' and may be time period to switch UE RF from TN to NTN.

[0487] 2) When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3'

[0488] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', NTN NR UL transmission for slot 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0489] Or, when switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3' and when 'overlapping duration + switching time' is less than or equal to half slot, 'NTN NR UL transmission for first half slot of 'N+3' may be performed and that for second half slot of 'N+3' may be dropped.

[0490] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', TN NR DL reception for slot 'N+3' may be performed.

[0491] When switching from NTN to TN and overlapping in slot 'N+3', Switching time may be located in slot 'N+2' and may be time period to switch UE RF from NTN to TN.

[0492] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0493] FIG. 20 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of a UE according to the present disclosure.

[0494] 1. The UE may transmit, to a network, UE capability.

[0495] 2. The UE may receive, from the network, configuration for a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) and configuration for a TN.

[0496] The UE capability may include information related to power of the UE.

[0497] The configuration for the NTN may include power information related to operation frequency range for the NTN.

[0498] The configuration for the TN may include information related to operation frequency range for the TN.

[0499] A gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN may be based on the power information.

[0500] The information related to power of the UE may include information on maximum output power in the TN and information on maximum output power in the NTN.

[0501] The gap may be 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0502] The gap may be 4 MHz, based on i) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0503] The gap may be 5 MHz, based on the larger value of the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0504] The information related to power of the UE may include information on maximum output power in the TN.

[0505] The gap may be 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0506] The gap may be 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the TN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0507] The gap may be 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0508] The information related to power of the UE may include information on maximum output power in the NTN.

[0509] The gap may be 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0510] The gap may be 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0511] The gap may be 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0512] The gap may exist based an operating band for the TN and an operating band for the NTN overlapping in the frequency domain.

[0513] The UE capability may include information that the UE supports the gap between operation frequency range for the NTN and operation frequency range for the TN.

[0514] The UE may perform communication with the NTN, based on the configuration for the NTN.

[0515] The UE may perform communication with the TN, based on the configuration for the TN.

[0516] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0517] FIG. 21 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of an NTN according to the present disclosure.

[0518] 1. The NTN may receive, from a TN, information related to operation frequency range for communication between a UE and the TN.

[0519] 2. The NTN may receive, from the UE, UE capability.

[0520] 3. The NTN may determine operation frequency range for communication between the UE and the NTN, based on the UE capability.

[0521] 4. The NTN may transmit, to the UE, configuration including information related to the determined operation frequency range for communication between the UE and the NTN.

[0522] The UE capability may include information related to power of the UE.

[0523] A gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN may be based on the power information.

[0524] The information related to power of the UE may include information on maximum output power in the TN and information on maximum output power in the NTN.

[0525] The gap may be 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0526] The gap may be 4 MHz, based on i) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0527] The gap may be 5 MHz, based on the larger value of the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0528] The information related to power of the UE may include information on maximum output power in the TN.

[0529] The gap may be 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0530] The gap may be 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the TN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0531] The gap may be 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0532] The information related to power of the UE may include information on maximum output power in the NTN.

[0533] The gap may be 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm.

[0534] The gap may be 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0535] The gap may be 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.

[0536] The NTN may perform communication with the UE via the operation frequency range.

[0537] The gap may exist based an operating band for the TN and an operating band for the NTN overlapping in the frequency domain.

[0538] The UE capability may include information that the UE supports the gap between operation frequency range for the NTN and operation frequency range for the TN.

[0539] Hereinafter, an apparatus in mobile communication, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0540] For example, an apparatus may include a processor, a transceiver, and a memory.

[0541] For example, the processor may be configured to be coupled operably with the memory and the processor.

[0542] The processor may be configured to transmitting, by a UE to a network, UE capability; and receiving, by the UE from the network, configuration for a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) and configuration for a TN, wherein the UE capability includes information related to power of the UE, wherein the configuration for the NTN includes power information related to operation frequency range for the NTN, wherein the configuration for the TN includes information related to operation frequency range for the TN, wherein a gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN is based on the power information.

[0543] Hereinafter, a processor in mobile communication, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0544] The processor may be configured to: transmitting, by a UE to a network, UE capability; and receiving, by the UE from the network, configuration for a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) and configuration for a TN, wherein the UE capability includes information related to power of the UE, wherein the configuration for the NTN includes power information related to operation frequency range for the NTN, wherein the configuration for the TN includes information related to operation frequency range for the TN, wherein a gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN is based on the power information.

[0545] Hereinafter, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions in a wireless communication system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0546] According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure could be embodied directly in hardware, in a software executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, a software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other storage medium.

[0547] Some example of storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. For other example, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components.

[0548] The computer-readable medium may include a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0549] For example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0550] In addition, the method described herein may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0551] According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions. The stored a plurality of instructions may be executed by a processor of a UE.

[0552] The stored a plurality of instructions may cause the UE to: transmitting, by a UE to a network, UE capability; and receiving, by the UE from the network, configuration for a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) and configuration for a TN, wherein the UE capability includes information related to power of the UE, wherein the configuration for the NTN includes power information related to operation frequency range for the NTN, wherein the configuration for the TN includes information related to operation frequency range for the TN, wherein a gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN is based on the power information.

[0553] The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

[0554] For example, by performing disclosure of this specification, the UE can perform communication with TN and NTN.

[0555] Effects obtained through specific examples of the present specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0556] Claims in the present disclosure can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present disclosure can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

A method, comprising:transmitting, by a User Equipment (UE) to a network, UE capability; andreceiving, by the UE from the network, configuration for a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) and configuration for a TN,wherein the UE capability includes information related to power of the UE,wherein the configuration for the NTN includes power information related to operation frequency range for the NTN,wherein the configuration for the TN includes information related to operation frequency range for the TN,wherein a gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN is based on the power information.The method of claim 1,wherein the information related to power of the UE includes information on maximum output power in the TN and information on maximum output power in the NTN,wherein the gap is 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm,wherein the gap is 4 MHz, based on i) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm,wherein the gap is 5 MHz, based on the larger value of the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.The method of claim 1,wherein the information related to power of the UE includes information on maximum output power in the TN,wherein the gap is 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 23 dBm,wherein the gap is 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the TN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 26 dBm,wherein the gap is 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.The method of claim 1,wherein the information related to power of the UE includes information on maximum output power in the NTN,wherein the gap is 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm,wherein the gap is 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm,wherein the gap is 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.The method of one of the claims 1 to 4,wherein the gap exists based an operating band for the TN and an operating band for the NTN overlapping in the frequency domain.The method of one of the claims 1 to 5,wherein the UE capability includes information that the UE supports the gap between operation frequency range for the NTN and operation frequency range for the TN.The method of one of the claims 1 to 6, further comprising:performing, by the UE, communication with the NTN, based on the configuration for the NTN; andperforming, by the UE, communication with the TN, based on the configuration for the TN.A method, comprising:receiving, by an NTN from a TN, information related to operation frequency range for communication between a UE and the TN;receiving, by the NTN from the UE, UE capability;determining, by the NTN, operation frequency range for communication between the UE and the NTN, based on the UE capability; andtransmitting, by the NTN to the UE, configuration including information related to the determined operation frequency range for communication between the UE and the NTN,wherein the UE capability includes information related to power of the UE,wherein a gap between the operation frequency range for the NTN and the operation frequency range for the TN is based on the power information.The method of claim 8,wherein the information related to power of the UE includes information on maximum output power in the TN and information on maximum output power in the NTN,wherein the gap is 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm,wherein the gap is 4 MHz, based on i) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the larger value of the maximum output power in TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm,wherein the gap is 5 MHz, based on the larger value of the maximum output power in the TN and the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.The method of claim 8,wherein the information related to power of the UE includes information on maximum output power in the TN,wherein the gap is 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 23 dBm,wherein the gap is 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the TN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the TN being less than or equal to 26 dBm,wherein the gap is 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the TN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.The method of claim 8,wherein the information related to power of the UE includes information on maximum output power in the NTN,wherein the gap is 3 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 23 dBm,wherein the gap is 4 MHz, based on i) the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than 23 dBm and ii) the maximum output power in the NTN being less than or equal to 26 dBm,wherein the gap is 5 MHz, based on the maximum output power in the NTN being greater than or equal to 26 dBm.The method of one of the claims 8 to 11, further comprising:performing, by the NTN, communication with the UE via the operation frequency range.The method of one of the claims 8 to 11,wherein the gap exists based an operating band for the TN and an operating band for the NTN overlapping in the frequency domain.The method of one of the claims 8 to 11,wherein the UE capability includes information that the UE supports the gap between operation frequency range for the NTN and operation frequency range for the TN.A UE, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor operably connectable to the at least one memory,wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations that is a method of one of the claims 1 to 7.An NTN, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor operably connectable to the at least one memory,wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations that is a method of one of the claims 8 to 14.An apparatus in mobile communication, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions and operably electrically connectable with the at least one processor,wherein, based on the instructions being operated by the at least one processor, the instructions perform operation that is a method of one of the claims 1 to 7.A non-volatile computer readable storage medium having recorded instructions,wherein the instructions, based on being executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operation that is a method of one of the claims 1 to 7.

Images