Weighted lacrosse training balls, methods of manufacture, and training method using same

Abstract

A kit for lacrosse training includes a lightweight lacrosse training ball with a mass below about 115 grams and the rebound characteristics of a standard lacrosse ball. The lightweight lacrosse training ball has a body including a lightweight elastic material, which includes butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent. The kit also includes a heavyweight lacrosse training ball with a mass between about 200 and 250 grams and the rebound characteristics of a standard lacrosse ball. The heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes a spherical core and surrounded by an outer body including a heavyweight elastic material, which includes butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent. A lacrosse training method includes use of the kit. A lacrosse training method includes practicing lacrosse skills with the lightweight lacrosse training ball and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball.

Description

Attorney Docket Number 690106.0003 / 1WOTITLE OF THE INVENTIONWeighted Lacrosse Training Balls, Methods Of Manufacture, and Training Method Using SameTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to a lacrosse training kit including at least heavyweight and lightweight lacrosse training balls, and is further directed to methods of manufacturing such lacrosse training balls and training methods using such a kit or such lacrosse training balls.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Lacrosse is a sport requiring agility, strength, teamwork, and ball-handling skills. Over the past few decades, the sport’s popularity has increased enormously. Lacrosse is played using a crosse, a long-handled stick with a net, for carrying, passing, catching, and shooting a rubber lacrosse ball. For beginners, mastering the combination of skills required for ball handling in an active game can be particularly challenging, often leading to frustration.Therefore, it may be beneficial to provide equipment that can assist beginners in learning proper cradling movement and balance while actively playing lacrosse.

[0003] Lacrosse balls are made with specific size, weight, and material standards that ensure consistency in gameplay; this application references a lacrosse ball meeting such standards as a “standard lacrosse ball.” These specifications are regulated by governing bodies such as the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) and various lacrosse leagues, including the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Federation of International Lacrosse (FIL).

[0004] Standard lacrosse balls are required to have a diameter of 2.5 inches (or roughly 63.5 mm). This size is consistent across all levels of play, including professional, collegiate, and youth leagues.

[0005] Standard lacrosse balls must have a mass or weight between 5.0 and 5.25 ounces (roughly 142 to 149 grams). The mass or weight specification is important for ensuring consistent ball performance, including proper bounce and flight characteristics.

[0006] There is no official requirement regarding the specific materials used for making standard lacrosse balls, as long as the lacrosse balls meet the performance standard. For example, the rebound characteristics of a lacrosse ball are typically tested by dropping the ball from a height of 72 inches (6 feet) onto a solid surface. A standard lacrosse ball must rebound to a height between 43 to 51 inches when tested at a temperature of 70°F (21 °C). The primary material used to manufacture standard lacrosse balls is vulcanized solid rubber. Vulcanization is a process that involves heating raw rubber with sulfur to create a material that is harder, more stable, and more resistant to wear and tear. Lacrosse balls come in different colors, such as white, yellow, and orange, depending on the level of play, visibility needs, and league rules. Pigments are mixed into the rubber during production to achieve the desired color. Vulcanized Rubber is created by applying high pressure and high temperature to rubber. Natural rubber is poured into a normal spherically developed lacrosse ball mold. The temperature and pressure is heightened within the mold, which drives or promotes the process of vulcanization.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In one aspect, a lacrosse training kit comprises at least one of a lightweight lacrosse training ball or a heavyweight lacrosse training ball. Where present, the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises a lightweight body having a lightweight-body density. The lightweight body includes a lightweight elastic material including a lightweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent. The lightweight-body density causes the lightweight lacrosse training ball to have a mass less than about 115 grams. The lightweight elastic material is selected so that the lightweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the lightweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the lightweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters. Where present, the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a heavyweight spherical core having a heavyweight-spherical-core diameter and a heavyweight-spherical-core density. A heavyweight outer body surrounds the heavyweight spherical core. The heavyweight outer body has aheavyweight-outer-body density and a heavyweight-outer-body diameter. The heavyweight outer body includes a heavyweight elastic material including a heavyweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent. The heavyweight-spherical-core diameter, the heavyweight-spherical-core density, and the heavyweight-outer-body density cause the heavyweight lacrosse training ball to have a mass between about 200 and 250 grams. The heavyweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the heavyweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the heavyweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters.

[0008] Advantageous refinements of the invention, which can be implemented alone or in combination, are specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] In summary, the following embodiments are proposed as particularly preferred in the scope of the present invention:

[0010] Embodiment 1 : a lacrosse training kit comprising at least one of: a lightweight lacrosse training ball comprising: a lightweight body having a lightweight-body density; wherein the lightweight body includes a lightweight elastic material including a lightweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent; wherein the lightweight-body density causes the lightweight lacrosse training ball to have a mass less than about 115 grams; and wherein the lightweight elastic material is selected so that the lightweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the lightweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the lightweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters; or a heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprising: a heavyweight spherical core having a heavyweight-spherical-core diameter and a heavyweight-spherical-core density; anda heavyweight outer body surrounding the heavyweight spherical core, the heavyweight outer body having a heavyweight-outer-body density and a heavyweightouter-body diameter; wherein the heavyweight outer body includes a heavyweight elastic material including a heavyweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent; wherein the heavyweight-spherical-core diameter, the heavyweight-spherical-core density, and the heavyweight-outer-body density cause the heavyweight lacrosse training ball to have a mass between about 200 and 250 grams; and wherein the heavyweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the heavyweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the heavyweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters.

[0011] Embodiment 2: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 1, wherein the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber (BR) and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR).

[0012] Embodiment 3: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 1, wherein the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber (BR) and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR).

[0013] Embodiment 4: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 2, wherein the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (BR).

[0014] Embodiment 5: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 1, wherein at least one of the following conditions (a) through (x) is met: a. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber (BR) and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent;c. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; f. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black; g. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; h. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid; i. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0. 15 percent by weight of antioxidants; j . the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the paraffin; k. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant; l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); m. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; n. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; o. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant;p. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; q. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; r. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; s. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; t. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid; u. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; v. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin; w. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; or x. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a steel sphere.

[0015] Embodiment 6: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 5, wherein the lightweight lacrosse training ball further comprises a lightweight spherical core located in a center of the lightweight body.

[0016] Embodiment 7: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 1, wherein all of the following conditions are met: a. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber (BR) and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent;d. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; f. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black; g. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; h. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid; i. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of antioxidants; j . the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0. 15 percent by weight of the paraffin; and k. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant.

[0017] Embodiment 8: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 1, wherein all of the following conditions are met: a. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant;e. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; f. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; g. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; h. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; i. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid; j. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; k. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin; l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; and m. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a steel sphere.

[0018] Embodiment 9: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 7, wherein all of the following conditions are met: a. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant;e. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; f. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; g. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; h. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; i. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid; j. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; k. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin; l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; and m. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a sphere of steel, other metal, or other material of greater density than the outer body.

[0019] Embodiment 10: the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 1, wherein the kit comprises both the lightweight lacrosse training ball and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball.

[0020] Embodiment 11 : the lacrosse training kit according to embodiment 10, further comprising at least one standard lacrosse ball.

[0021] Embodiment 12: a lacrosse training method comprising: performing lacrosse skills using the kit according to embodiment 10; performing lacrosse training skills using the lightweight lacrosse training ball; and performing lacrosse skills using the heavyweight lacrosse training ball.

[0022] Embodiment 13: the lacrosse training method comprising: performing lacrosse skills using the kit according to embodiment 11; performing lacrosse training skills using the lightweight lacrosse training ball; performing lacrosse skills using the heavyweight lacrosse training ball; andperforming lacrosse skills using the standard lacrosse ball.

[0023] Embodiment 14: the lacrosse training method according to embodiment 12 or embodiment 13, wherein the lacrosse training kit is a lacrosse training kit according to any one of embodiments 1 through 11.

[0024] Embodiment 15: a method of making a lightweight lacrosse training ball, comprising: in a spherical mold having a center, suspending or supporting in the center a spherical core having a spherical-core diameter and a spherical-core density; preparing a lightweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent; introducing the lightweight elastic mixture into the spherical mold to form an outer body surrounding the spherical core, the outer body having an outer-body density and an outer-body diameter; vulcanizing the lightweight elastic mixture in the mold; removing the lightweight lacrosse training ball from the mold; and cooling the lightweight lacrosse training ball; wherein the lightweight lacrosse training ball has a mass less than about 115 grams; and wherein the lightweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the lightweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the lightweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters.

[0025] Embodiment 16: the method of making a lightweight lacrosse training ball according to embodiment 15, wherein at least one of the following conditions (a) through (k) is met: a. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent;d. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; f. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black; g. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; h. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid; i. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of antioxidants; j . the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0. 15 percent by weight of the paraffin; or k. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant.

[0026] Embodiment 17: the method of making a lightweight lacrosse training ball accordingo embodiment 15, wherein all of the following conditions (a) through (k) are met: a. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil;f. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black; g. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; h. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid; i. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of antioxidants; j . the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the paraffin; or k. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant.

[0027] Embodiment 18: a method of making a heavyweight lacrosse training ball, comprising: in a spherical mold having a center, suspending or supporting in the center a spherical core having a spherical-core diameter and a spherical-core density; preparing a heavyweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent; introducing the heavyweight elastic mixture into the spherical mold to form a heavyweight outer body surrounding the spherical core, the heavyweight outer body having a heavyweight-outer- body density and a heavyweight-outer-body diameter; vulcanizing the heavyweight elastic mixture in the mold; removing the heavyweight lacrosse training ball from the mold; and cooling the heavyweight lacrosse training ball; wherein the heavyweight lacrosse training ball has a mass less between about 200 and 250 grams; and wherein the heavyweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the heavyweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, theheavyweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1 .09 and 1 .30 meters.

[0028] Embodiment 19: the method of making a heavyweight lacrosse training ball according to embodiment 18, wherein at least one of the following conditions (a) through (1) is met: a. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; f. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; g. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; h. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; i. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid; j . the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; k. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin;l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; or m. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a steel sphere.

[0029] Embodiment 20: the method of making a heavyweight lacrosse training ball according to embodiment 18, wherein all of the following conditions (a) through (m) are met: a. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; f. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; g. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; h. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; i. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid; j . the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; k. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin;l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; and m. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a steel sphere.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the check valve and closure mechanism, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purposes of illustrating the system and method, there is shown in the drawings one or more presently preferred embodiments thereof. It should be understood, however, that the application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings, which are at least partially schematic:

[0031] Fig. l is a perspective view of an example kit including weighted lacrosse training balls according to the invention;

[0032] Fig. 2A is a cross-sectional view of an example of a lightweight lacrosse training ball with a spherical core according to the present disclosure;

[0033] Fig. 2B is a cross-sectional view of an example of a heavyweight lacrosse training ball with a spherical core according to the present disclosure;

[0034] Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing steps included in a method of manufacturing an example of a lightweight lacrosse training ball according to the present disclosure;

[0035] Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing steps included in a method of manufacturing an example of a heavyweight lacrosse training ball according to the present disclosure; and

[0036] Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing steps included in a lacrosse training method according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words “right,” “left,” “lower,” and “upper” designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words “inner” and “outer” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of an object and designated parts thereof. Unless specifically set forth otherwise herein, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are not limited to one element but instead should be read as meaning “at least one.” “At least one” mayoccasionally be used for clarity or readability, but such use does not change the interpretation of “a,” “an,” and “the.” Moreover, the singular includes the plural, and vice versa, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the terms “proximal” and “distal” are relative terms referring to locations or elements that are closer to (proximal) or farther from (distal) with respect to other elements, the user, or designated locations. “Including” as used herein means “including but not limited to.” The word “or” is inclusive, so that “A or B” encompasses A and B, A only, and B only. The terms “about,” “approximately,” “generally,” “substantially,” and like terms used herein, when referring to a dimension or characteristic of a component, indicate that the described dimension / characteristic is not a strict boundary or parameter and does not exclude minor variations therefrom that are functionally similar. At a minimum, such references that include a numerical parameter would include variations that, using mathematical and industrial principles accepted in the art (e g., rounding, measurement or other systematic errors, manufacturing tolerances, etc.), would not vary the least significant digit thereof. Unless otherwise stated, any numerical value is to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." All numerical ranges expressed in the present disclosure expressly encompass all possible subranges, all individual numerical values within that range, including integers within such ranges and fractions and decimal amounts of the values unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0038] The terminology set forth in this paragraph includes the words noted above, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.

[0039] The lacrosse training balls as described herein are designed to improve a player’s ability to handle lacrosse balls by using balls having different weights (heavyweight lacrosse training balls, standard balls, and lightweight lacrosse training balls) which maintain the same size and feel of a standard lacrosse ball. The lacrosse training balls disclosed herein have different weights targeting key aspects of players’ performance, such as speed, strength, and control.

[0040] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting.

[0041] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. Otherwise, certain terms used herein have the meanings as set forth in the specification.

[0042] The present disclosure relates to multiple differently weighted lacrosse training balls, and methods of manufacture of such balls. Unlike conventional lacrosse balls, the heavyweight and lightweight lacrosse training balls described herein contain a mixture of synthetic rubber BR (Butadiene Rubber) and SSBR (Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber). All of the heavyweight and lightweight lacrosse training balls have the same size and diameter as a standard lacrosse ball but vary in weight. These heavyweight and lightweight lacrosse training balls are designed to improve players' speed, strength, and precision in ball handling. The training balls disclosed herein include: (1) lightweight lacrosse training balls (115 grams or less), which may enhance the player’s speed and agility; and (2) heavyweight lacrosse training balls (200-250 grams), which may build a player’s strength and endurance. The disclosed lightweight and heavyweight lacrosse training balls may be used together with standard lacrosse balls (about 145 grams), which are commercially available.

[0043] Referring to Fig. 1, in one embodiment, a lacrosse training kit 100 includes a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110, a standard lacrosse ball 120, and a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130. The standard lacrosse ball 120 has a body 122 and a surface 124.

[0044] Referring to Figs. 1 and 2A, the lightweight lacrosse training ball has a lightweight body 112. The lightweight body 112 has a surface 114, which matches or substantially matches the friction, feel, and other play characteristics of the surface 124 of the standard lacrosse ball 120. The lightweight body 112 includes a lightweight elastic material including a lightweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent, and may contain as well optional components: a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, paint, antioxidant, paraffin, stearic acid, and surfactant. The lightweight-body density causes the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 to have a mass less than about 115 grams.

[0045] Referring to Fig. 2A, the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include a lightweight spherical core 116 with a lightweight-spherical-core diameter 118. The lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include a lightweight outer body 117 with a lightweight-outer-body density and a lightweight-outer-body diameter 119. The lightweight spherical core 116 may located in a center of the lightweight body 112 and may be formed from any material able to tolerate use as a core of a lacrosse ball without damage or undue wear, provided that the lightweight-spherical-core diameter 118 is selected so that the mass of the lightweight training ball is less than about 115 grams. Where the lightweight spherical core 116 is present, the lightweight-spherical-core diameter 118, the lightweight-spherical-core density, and the lightweight-outer-body density cause the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 to have a mass less than about 115 grams. Where the lightweight spherical core 116 is omitted, the lightweight body 112 of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may be homogeneous and may be coextensive with the lightweight outer body 117, with a density selected so that the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 has a mass less than about 115 grams.

[0046] Regardless of whether the optional lightweight spherical core 116 is present, the lightweight elastic material is selected so that the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 has a rebound characteristic such that when the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters.

[0047] In an example of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110, any one or more of the conditions may be met, and in some embodiments, all of the following conditions may be met:

[0048] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR);

[0049] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent;

[0050] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent;

[0051] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may comprise at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant;

[0052] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil;

[0053] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black;

[0054] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate;

[0055] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid;

[0056] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of antioxidants;

[0057] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the paraffin; and / or

[0058] the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may include about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant.

[0059] Referring to Figs. 1 and 2B, the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 has a body 132 and a surface 134, which matches or substantially matches the friction, feel, and other play characteristics of the surface 124 of the standard lacrosse ball 120. The heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 has a heavyweight spherical core 136 having a heavyweight-spherical-core diameter 140 and a heavyweight-spherical-core density. The heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 has a heavyweight outer body 138 surrounding the heavyweight spherical core 136, and the heavyweight outer body 138 has a heavyweight-outer-body density and a heavyweight-outer- body diameter 142. The heavyweight outer body 138 includes a heavyweight elastic material including a heavyweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent. The heavyweight-spherical- core diameter 140, the heavyweight-spherical-core density, and the heavyweight-outer-body density cause the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 to have a mass between about 200 and 250 grams. The heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 has a rebound characteristic such that when the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters, to provide the same rebound and “feel” as a standard lacrosse ball, other than the increased mass and weight of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130.

[0060] The heavyweight spherical core 136 may be made from a material such as steel or other metallic or other material of suitable density to provide a selected weight to theheavyweight lacrosse training ball 130, while having sufficient durability to avoid damage or excessive wear during use of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 for training. In an example of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130, any one or more of the conditions may be met, and in some embodiments, all of the following conditions may be met:

[0061] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent;

[0062] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent;

[0063] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may comprise at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant;

[0064] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may comprise at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant;

[0065] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil;

[0066] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black;

[0067] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate;

[0068] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid;

[0069] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants;

[0070] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin;

[0071] the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; and / or

[0072] the spherical core 136 of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may comprise or may be (as illustrated) a steel sphere.

[0073] Butadiene rubber (BR) is a synthetic rubber known for its excellent elasticity, wear resistance, and resilience, and has been traditionally used for making products like lacrosse balls that require durability and performance. The heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130 according to the present disclosure preferably contain BR in an amount of about 5 to 20 weight percent, more preferably about 7 to 17 weight percent, most preferably about 9 to 14 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, BR is preferably present in an amount of about 10 to 30 weight percent, more preferably about 15 to 25 weight percent, most preferably about 20 weight percent.

[0074] Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SSBR) is not as commonly used in a standard lacrosse ball 120 as is BR or natural rubber, but SSBR is incorporated into the balls described herein for certain performance enhancements. SSBR is a synthetic rubber known for its superior abrasion resistance, wet grip, and processability. According to aspects of the disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, SSBR is preferably present in an amount of about 5 to 30 weight percent, more preferably about 10 to 25 weight percent, most preferably about 15 to 20 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, SSBR is preferably present in an amount of about 20 to 40 weight percent, more preferably about 25 to 35 weight percent, most preferably about 30 weight percent.

[0075] Naphthenic oil is a softening and plasticizing agent having low viscosity and good solvency, which helps soften the rubber material. The addition of naphthenic oil enhances the flexibility and resilience of the rubber, which is critical for maintaining consistent performance of standard lacrosse balls during play. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, naphthenic oil is preferably present in an amount of about 3 to 15 weight percent, more preferably about 5 to 12 weight percent, most preferably about 7 to 11 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, naphthenic oil is preferably present in an amount of about 10 to 20 weight percent, more preferably about 13 to 18 weight percent, most preferably about 15 weight percent.

[0076] White carbon black, also known as precipitated silica, is a commonly used rubber filler and reinforcing agent. The primary role of white carbon black is to improve the rubber’s mechanical properties, such as durability, hardness, and abrasion resistance. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, white carbon black is preferably present in an amount of about 1 to 12 weight percent, more preferably about 3 to 10 weight percent, mostpreferably about 5 to 8 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, white carbon black is preferably present in an amount of about 7 to 15 weight percent, more preferably about 9 to 13 weight percent, most preferably about 11 weight percent.

[0077] Calcium carbonate (CaCOs) is a common substance found in rocks, such as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons, and pearls. Calcium carbonate is primarily used as a filler in the lacrosse balls to reduce production costs and modify the physical properties of the rubber without significantly altering its performance. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, calcium carbonate is preferably present in an amount of about 5 to 20 weight percent, more preferably about 8 to 16 weight percent, most preferably about 10 to 14 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, calcium carbonate is preferably present in an amount of about 15 to 25 weight percent, more preferably about 18 to 22 weight percent, most preferably about 20 weight percent.

[0078] Vulcanizing agents chemically cross-link rubber molecules via vulcanization, which transforms the rubber from a sticky, pliable material into a more durable, elastic, and stable substance. Commonly used vulcanizing agents include sulfur, thiazoles, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates, zinc oxide, and stearic acid. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, vulcanizing agents are preferably present in an amount of about 0.02 to 0.30 weight percent, more preferably about 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent, most preferably about 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, vulcanizing agents are preferably present in an amount of about 0.25 to 0.35 weight percent, more preferably about 0.28 to 0.32 weight percent, most preferably about 0.30 weight percent.

[0079] Stearic acid primarily functions as a processing aid and an activator in the vulcanization process of rubber. While it does not directly influence the performance characteristics of the lacrosse ball, it contributes to the production process and the overall quality of the rubber compound. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, stearic acid is preferably present in an amount of about 0.03 to 0.60 weight percent, more preferably about 0.05 to 0.50 weight percent, most preferably about 0.07 to 0.5 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, stearic acid is preferably present in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent, more preferably about 0.08 to about 0.12 weight percent, most preferably about 0.10 weight percent.

[0080] Antioxidants are additives which are used in the production of the lacrosse balls to reduce the degradation of rubber caused by exposure to oxygen, heat, UV light, and other environmental factors. Over time, rubber can break down or lose its elasticity due to oxidation. Antioxidants help slow this process, and thus extend the life and performance of the lacrosse ball. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls, antioxidants are preferably present in an amount of about 0.03 to 0.70 weight percent, more preferably about 0.05 to 0.60 weight percent, most preferably about 0.07 to 0.50 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls, antioxidants are preferably present in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent, more preferably about 0.08 to 0.12 weight percent, most preferably about 0.10 weight percent.

[0081] Paraffin, specifically paraffin wax, is used primarily for its ability to improve the lacrosse ball’s surface properties and enhance its durability. Although it is not as critical as other components such as vulcanizing agents or fillers, paraffin wax can still provide specific benefits. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls, paraffin is preferably present in an amount of about 0.03 to 0.70 weight percent, more preferably about 0.05 to 0.60 weight percent, most preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls, paraffin is preferably present in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent, more preferably about 0.08 to 0.12 weight percent, most preferably about 0.10 weight percent.

[0082] Surfactants are typically used in the rubber manufacturing process, primarily for use as processing aids to improve mixing, molding, and the dispersion of ingredients. Although surfactants are not a major component of the final lacrosse training ball product, surfactants play a role in ensuring uniformity and quality during production. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls, one or more surfactants are preferably present in an amount of about 0.03 to 0.15 weight percent, more preferably about 0.05 to 0.12 weight percent, most preferably about 0.07 to 0.10 weight percent. For lightweight lacrosse training balls, one or more surfactants are preferably present in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent, more preferably about 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent, most preferably about 0.15 weight percent.

[0083] Blowing agents, chemicals that decompose under heat to release gases like nitrogen or carbon dioxide, creating a cellular or foamed structure in the material, are not typically used in the production of conventional lacrosse balls because traditional lacrosse balls are made from solid rubber compounds that require dense and durable materials. However, blowing agents areused in making the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 according to the present disclosure to create gas bubbles within the material, resulting in a lightweight, porous structure. In the lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, blowing agents are preferably present in an amount of about 0.15 to 0.25 weight percent, more preferably about 0.18 to 0.22 weight percent, most preferably about 0.20 weight percent.

[0084] Colorant additives may be integrated during or after the vulcanization process. Synthetic organic or inorganic pigments may be added to the rubber mix before the vulcanization process. The colorant additives are typically designed to bond well with rubber and withstand wear and tear. In the alternative, a clear or colored protective coating may be applied after the lacrosse ball is molded, which can help enhance grip, prevent discoloration, and increase the ball's durability.

[0085] Traditional lacrosse balls do not typically contain steel or any metal components, as they are primarily made from solid rubber, typically natural rubber, butadiene rubber (BR), or a combination thereof. In the present disclosure, a heavyweight spherical core 136 in the form of a small steel ball may be placed inside a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 during manufacture. This heavyweight spherical core 136 increases the weight of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 significantly while maintaining the heavyweight-outer-body diameter 142 of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130. The outer surface 134 has the same texture as a standard lacrosse ball 120, allowing players to practice with the same grip and handling as they would in an actual game. The added weight of the heavyweight spherical core 136 helps players build shooting speed and arm strength over time. In the present disclosure, for heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, the heavyweight spherical core 136 takes the form of steel ball(s) with a diameter of 25-31 millimeters may be present in an amount of about 25 to 60 weight percent, more preferably about 30 to 55 weight percent, most preferably about 32 to 50 weight percent.Methods for Making Lacrosse Training Balls

[0086] The following methods are examples of suitable methods for making a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 or a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130. However, a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 or a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may include a lacrosse training ball made by any suitable process and equipment known in the art or to be developed.

[0087] Referring to Figs. 2A and 3, a method 300 of making a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may comprise the following steps: a. Optionally, at step 302, in a spherical mold having a center, suspending or supporting in the center a lightweight spherical core 116 having a lightweight-spherical-core diameter 118 and a spherical-core density. b. At step 304, preparing a lightweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent. c. At step 306, introducing the lightweight elastic mixture into the spherical mold to form an outer body 117 surrounding the lightweight spherical core 116 (if present), the lightweight outer body 117 having an lightweight-outer-body density and an lightweightouter-body diameter. Alternatively, if the lightweight spherical core 116 is not present, the lightweight elastic mixture may simply be introduced into the spherical mold. d. At step 308, vulcanizing the lightweight elastic mixture in the spherical mold. At step 310, removing the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 from the spherical mold. e. At step 310, cooling the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110.

[0088] Where present, the spherical core within the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 is substantially identical to the arrangement of the same in the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130. The lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 has a mass less than about 115 grams and has a rebound characteristic such that when the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters.

[0089] In example methods of making a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110, at least one of the following conditions (a) through (k) may be met, and in some embodiments, all of the following conditions (a) through (k) may be met: a. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent;d. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; f. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black; g. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; h. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid; i. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of antioxidants; j . the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0. 15 percent by weight of the paraffin; and / or k. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant.

[0090] Referring to Figs. 2B and 4, a method 400 of making a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130, may comprise the following steps: a. At step 402, in a spherical mold having a center, suspending or supporting in the center a heavyweight spherical core 136 having a heavyweight-spherical-core diameter 140 and a heavyweight-spherical-core density; b. At step 404, preparing a heavyweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent; c. At step 406, introducing the heavyweight elastic mixture into the spherical mold to form a heavyweight outer body 138 surrounding the heavyweight spherical core 136, the heavyweight outer body 138 having a heavyweight outer-body density and a heavyweight-outer-body diameter 142; d. At step 408, vulcanizing the heavyweight elastic mixture in the spherical mold; e. At step 410, removing the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 from the spherical mold; andf. At step 412, cooling the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130.

[0091] The heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 has a mass less between about 200 and 250 grams and has a rebound characteristic such that when the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters.

[0092] In example methods of making a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130, at least one of the following conditions (a) through (m) may be met, and in some embodiments, all of the following conditions (a) through (m) may be met: a. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; f. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; g. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; h. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; i. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid; j. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants;k. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin; l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; or m. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 comprises a steel sphere.

[0093] In methods according to the present disclosure, components as described above are prepared. For heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, the components may include synthetic rubbers BR and SSBR, vulcanizing agent, and steel ball(s), as well as optional components: naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, paint, antioxidant, paraffin, stearic acid, and surfactant. For lightweight lacrosse training balls 110, the components may include synthetic rubbers BR (Butadiene Rubber) and SSBR (Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber), vulcanizing agent, and blowing agent, as well as optional components: naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, paint, antioxidant, paraffin, stearic acid, and surfactant.

[0094] The primary materials include two types of synthetic rubbers, BR and SSBR. Synthetic rubber offers several advantages over natural rubber, including greater resistance to wear and tear; better resistance to chemicals, oils, and solvents; improved temperature resistance; and resistance to aging, ozone, and UV light.

[0095] Weighing the Components: Components are carefully weighed at the preferred weight percent discussed previously to ensure precise weight control for each ball type. The accuracy of the ingredient distribution is critical for ensuring uniformity across the different weights.

[0096] Mixing Stage: The components may be mixed using a Banbury mixing mill or other comparable machine at about 30 to 40 revolutions per minute (rpm), and preferably at about 40 rpm, under ambient temperature. This process ensures even dispersion of the ingredients, which is critical for optimizing the performance and consistency of the final product.

[0097] Extrusion Process: The mixed rubber composition is preheated to approximately 140- 165°C, and preferably at 155°C, and extruded into spherical shapes. The extrusion ensures uniformity in the surface texture and the final dimensions of the lacrosse training balls. Alternatively, an insert of steel or other suitable material may be suspended or otherwise supported in a spherical mold of suitable dimensions. The mixed rubber composition is thenintroduced into the spherical mold, so that the insert is centered within the rubber composition and within a spherical shape defined by the mold.

[0098] Vulcanization Process: The extruded rubber is placed in a spherical mold and vulcanized under high pressure (about 1.6-2.5 MPa) at approximately 130-150°C, and preferably at about 140°C. This step solidifies the rubber, enhancing durability and elasticity.

[0100] Final Inspection and Cooling: Once vulcanized, the lacrosse training balls are removed from the molds, cooled, and inspected for quality. The surface of each ball is finished as needed to provide the desired surface texture and contour. This step ensures that each ball meets the specified weight and performance standards.EXAMPLES

[0101] The lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may be manufactured using the following, non-limiting examples.

[0102] Example 1 : Heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 (250 g). A heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 was prepared / is prepared by the following method using the components shown in Table 1.Table 1

[0103] Example 2: Heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 (200 g), A heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 was prepared / is prepared by the same method described in Example 1 using the components in Table 2.Table 2

[0104] Example 3: Lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 (115 g), A lightweight lacrosse training ball was prepared / is prepared by the following method. . . .using the components shown in Table 3.Table 3Training Method Using Weighted Lacrosse Training Balls

[0105] Referring to Fig. 5, disclosed herein is a training method 500 using lightweight lacrosse training balls 110 and heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130, which may be used in combination with standard lacrosse balls 120. The method includes, at step 502, performing lacrosse skills using a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110; at step 504, performing lacrosse skills using a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130. The method 500 optionally further comprises, at step 506, performing lacrosse skills with a standard lacrosse ball 120. Note that steps 502, 504, and 506 may be performed in any order or combination.

[0106] The lightweight lacrosse training balls 110 and heavyweight lacrosse training balls 130 provide at least one of the size and “feel” characteristics of a standard lacrosse ball, with the “feel” including one or more of rebound characteristics, firmness, and coefficient of friction of a standard lacrosse ball. The training method may be used to increase a user’s lacrosse shooting speed. The training method includes the use of weighted lacrosse training balls as disclosed above. Two of these weighted lacrosse training balls may be paired with a standard lacrosse ball 120 in a 3 -ball “training kit.”

[0107] Equipment needed for the training method 500 includes a training kit 100 comprising weighted lacrosse training balls of two, three, or more distinct weights. The training kit 100 may include a standard lacrosse ball 120 and preferably may include a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 with a weight below the weight of a standard lacrosse ball and a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130. The method 500 may be practiced by shooting the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 and / or the standard lacrosse ball 120 and / or the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 of the training kit toward a pitch back, building, wall, or other target.

[0108] The lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 is lighter than a standard lacrosse ball 120 and may preferably have a mass of about (115g or 4.06 ounces), as distinguished from the massof a standard lacrosse ball, which is about 145g + / -, or 5.0+ to 5.2 ounces. That is, the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 is preferably about 18 to 24 percent lighter than a standard lacrosse ball 120, and still more preferably about 21 percent lighter than a standard lacrosse ball 120.

[0109] A first example of a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 is heavier than a standard lacrosse ball 120 and may preferably have a mass of about 200g or 7.05 ounces. That is, the first example of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 is preferably about 35 to 41 percent heavier than a standard lacrosse ball 120, and still more preferably about 38 percent heavier than a standard lacrosse ball 120.

[0110] A second example of a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 is heavier than a standard lacrosse ball 120 and may preferably have a mass of about 250g or 8.82 ounces. That is, the second example of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 is preferably about 69 to 75 percent heavier than a standard lacrosse ball 120, and still more preferably about 72 percent heavier than a standard across ball 120.

[0111] Preferably a first example of a training kit 100 may include a lightweight lacrosse training ball 110, a standard lacrosse ball 120, and a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130, with the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130being selected according to the age, strength, or other factors creating a preference for a lighter or heavier example of a heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130.

[0112] The lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 are constructed be identical to, or to loosely to a selected degree, the diameter, et al. characteristics including coefficient of friction, and in other aspects provide the same feel as a standard lacrosse ball 120.

[0113] Lacrosse training balls have been provided with lower mass or weight than a standard lacrosse training ball, and with the same weight as a standard lacrosse ball, but these earlier lacrosse training balls are covered by fabric, are soft and not durable, and lack the rebound characteristics, firmness, and coefficient of friction of a standard lacrosse ball. Other lacrosse training balls have been provided with a higher mass or weight than a standard lacrosse training ball, but examples include a very heavy training ball more than three times the mass of a standard lacrosse ball and lacking the surface characteristics, elasticity, and other “feel” characteristics of a standard lacrosse ball 120.

[0114] Since in any given training kit 100 the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110, the standard lacrosse ball 120, and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 all have essentially identical diameters (within manufacturing tolerance and lacrosse regulations), the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may preferably be color-coded. For example, the surface 114 of the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 may be colored red, while the surface 134 of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may be colored blue. The surface 124 of the standard lacrosse ball 120 may be a third color in order to distinguish from the lightweight lacrosse training ball 110 and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130.

[0115] The lightweight lacrosse training ball 110, the standard lacrosse ball 120, and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball 130 may preferably be made of the same or substantially the same solid vulcanized rubber material, may have the same or substantially the same diameter of 62.7 to 64.7 mm, 2.47 - 2.55 inches, and may be the same or substantially the same in circumference 19.2 to 20.3 cm (7.55 -8 inches).

[0116] The training method 500 may be performed according to the instructions below. Note however, that these instructions are examples of how to practice examples of training methods within the scope of the present disclosure. Variations of the methods may be with the scope of the claims.Skill Level Guideline:1) Age 7-10; Experience <3 years2) Age 10-13; Experience <5 years3) Age 13-16; Experience <7 years4) Age 16-18; Experience 8+ years5) Playing Lacrosse in College

[0117] In a first step in a training method according to the present invention, the user may up on pitch back or any outside building wall. Number of recommended throws / tossesLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3White normal ball 50 75 100Red heavy ball 25 50 75Blue light ball 25 50 75White normal ball 25 50 75Red heavy ball 50 100 100Blue light ball 50 50 100White normal ball 50 100 150250 tosses 425 tosses 675 tosses~8 minutes ~10 minutes ~12 minutesLevel 4 (15 min) and Level 5 (20 min)

[0118] Levels depend on current ability and experience, and current strength which varies per individual. These guidelines are merely examples. As the player or user improves, the repetitions of the risen catches may be completed in a shorter time. Further, as the user progresses, the user will be able to do a larger number of repetitions.

[0119] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMSI / We claim:

1. A lacrosse training kit comprising at least one of: a lightweight lacrosse training ball comprising: a lightweight body having a lightweight-body density; wherein the lightweight body includes a lightweight elastic material including a lightweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent; wherein the lightweight-body density causes the lightweight lacrosse training ball to have a mass less than about 115 grams; and wherein the lightweight elastic material is selected so that the lightweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the lightweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the lightweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters; or a heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprising: a heavyweight spherical core having a heavyweight-spherical-core diameter and a heavyweight-spherical-core density; and a heavyweight outer body surrounding the heavyweight spherical core, the heavyweight outer body having a heavyweight-outer-body density and a heavyweight- outer-body diameter; wherein the heavyweight outer body includes a heavyweight elastic material including a heavyweight elastic mixture including butadiene rubber (BR), solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), a vulcanizing agent, and a blowing agent; wherein the heavyweight-spherical-core diameter, the heavyweight-spherical-core density, and the heavyweight-outer-body density cause the heavyweight lacrosse training ball to have a mass between about 200 and 250 grams; andwherein the heavyweight lacrosse training ball has a rebound characteristic such that when the heavyweight lacrosse training ball is dropped from a height of about 1.83 meters, the heavyweight lacrosse training ball rebounds to a rebound height between about 1.09 and 1.30 meters.

2. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR).

3. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR).

4. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 2, wherein the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR).

5. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the following conditions (a) through (x) is met: a. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrene- butadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; f. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black;g. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; h. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid; i. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of antioxidants; j . the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the paraffin; k. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant; l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); m. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; n. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; o. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; p. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; q. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; r. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; s. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; t. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid;u. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; v. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin; w. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; or x. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a steel sphere.

6. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 5, wherein the lightweight lacrosse training ball further comprises a lightweight spherical core located in a center of the lightweight body.

7. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 1, wherein all of the following conditions are met: a. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 30 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 20 to 40 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.25 to 0.35 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 10 to 20 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; f. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 7 to 15 percent by weight of the white carbon black; g. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 15 to 25 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; h. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the stearic acid;i. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of antioxidants; j . the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of the paraffin; and k. the mass of the lightweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight of the surfactant.

8. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 1, wherein all of the following conditions are met: a. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; f. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; g. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; h. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; i. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid;j. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; k. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin; l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; and m. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a steel sphere.

9. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 7, wherein all of the following conditions are met: a. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of butadiene rubber and about 5 to 30 percent by weight of solution styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR); b. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.02 to 0.3 percent by weight of the vulcanizing agent; c. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.15 to 0.25 percent by weight of the blowing agent; d. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; e. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises at least one of a naphthenic oil, white carbon black, calcium carbonate, a paint, an antioxidant, a paraffin, stearic acid, or a surfactant; f. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the naphthenic oil; g. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 1 to 12 percent by weight of the white carbon black; h. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 5 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium carbonate; i. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.60 percent by weight of the stearic acid;j. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.70 percent by weight of antioxidants; k. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.0 to 0.70 percent by weight of the paraffin; l. the mass of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball includes about 0.03 to 0.15 percent by weight of the surfactant; and m. the spherical core of the heavyweight lacrosse training ball comprises a steel sphere.

10. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 1, wherein the kit comprises both the lightweight lacrosse training ball and the heavyweight lacrosse training ball.

11. The lacrosse training kit according to claim 10, further comprising at least one standard lacrosse ball.

12. A lacrosse training method comprising: performing lacrosse skills using the kit according to claim 10; performing lacrosse training skills using the lightweight lacrosse training ball; and performing lacrosse skills using the heavyweight lacrosse training ball.

13. A lacrosse training method compri sing : performing lacrosse skills using the kit according to claim 11; performing lacrosse training skills using the lightweight lacrosse training ball; performing lacrosse skills using the heavyweight lacrosse training ball; and performing lacrosse skills using the standard lacrosse ball.

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