Block diagonal UCD for flexible layer combination
The block diagonal UCD precoding scheme addresses the imbalance in SINR across layers by using a matrix with sub-unitary matrices, enhancing signal quality and reliability in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication technologies, such as 5G NR, face challenges in balancing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) across different layers, leading to imbalanced modulation and coding schemes and increased precoding complexity, particularly in MIMO transmissions.
Implementing a block diagonal uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding scheme that uses a matrix with sub-unitary matrices at diagonal positions to balance SINR across layers, allowing flexible grouping without sacrificing capacity.
The block diagonal UCD precoding enhances signal quality and reliability by achieving balanced SINR, enabling efficient precoding strategies adaptable to current channel conditions.
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Figure CN2024138711_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BLOCK DIAGONAL UCD FOR FLEXIBLE LAYER COMBINATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to signal encoding in wireless communication. INTRODUCTION
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. BRIEF SUMMARY
[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0005] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided for wireless communication at a first wireless device. The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor may be configured to transmit communication to a second wireless device; and receive, from the second wireless device, a pre-coded signal based on a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix, wherein the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix including multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions.
[0006] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided for wireless communication at a second wireless device. The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor may be configured to pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix, where the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix including multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions; and transmit, to a first wireless device, the pre-coded signal.
[0007] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects may include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.
[0009] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0010] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.
[0014] FIG. 4A is a call flow diagram illustrating an example of channel matrix estimation based on a channel state information –reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0015] FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example transmission and the corresponding channel matrix.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a call flow diagram illustrating a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or UE.
[0022] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In wireless communication, a signal may be pre-coded before transmission. As an example, various channel state information (CSI) –based precoding methods, such as Type I, Type II, or enhanced Type II (eType II) precoding, may be employed to encode a signal before transmission. In some examples, singular value decomposition (SVD) precoding may be used, e.g., in downlink (DL) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmissions, when channel reciprocity is available. However, these precoding schemes may have imbalanced signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) across different layers, which makes it challenging to assign a common modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for a single codeword (CW) transmission. In some examples, uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding may be used to balance the SINR across different layers. However, implementing the UCD precoding may lead to increased precoding complexity and detection latency, particularly at higher ranks. Example aspects presented herein provide methods and apparatus to enable a block diagonal UCD precoding scheme that allows for flexible grouping of layers without sacrificing capacity.
[0024] Various aspects relate generally to wireless communication. Some aspects more specifically relate to a block diagonal UCD precoder used in multiple-CW physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions. In some examples, the block diagonal UCD precoder may be used in uplink or downlink transmissions. Using a downlink transmission as an example, a network entity may pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix that includes multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. The network entity may further transmit the pre-coded signal to a user equipment (UE) . Although examples are described for downlink transmission to illustrate the concept, such precoding may also be used for other transmissions such as uplink or sidelink transmissions. In some aspects, the UCD precoding matrix may correspond to FBL in where B represents orthogonal basis vectors associated with a channel matrix H for a channel between the network entity and the UE. is based a first matrix VW, where is a singular value decomposition (SVD) matrix of the channel matrix H, is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number, and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number and a rank between the network entity and the UE. In some aspects, the network entity may use a single codeword to pre-code the input signal if the rank number for communication between the network entity and the UE is larger than a rank threshold. In some aspects, the network entity may use one or more codewords to pre-code the input signal if the rank number for the communication between the network entity and the UE is equal to or larger than the rank threshold.
[0025] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by utilizing block diagonal UCD precoding, the described techniques can achieve a balanced SINR within different layers between the transmitting and receiving devices, significantly enhancing signal quality and reliability. In some examples, by enabling the receiving device (e.g., the UE for a downlink transmission or a base station for an uplink transmission) to report (or recommend) different parameters related to the precoding, such as the precoding matrix, or the number of groups and the size of each group in the precoding matrix, the described techniques provide a feedback mechanism that allows the transmitting device (e.g., the base station for a downlink transmission or UE for an uplink transmission) to adapt the precoding strategy to the current channel conditions, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wireless communications.
[0026] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings describes various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0027] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0028] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.
[0029] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0030] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described in this application by illustration to some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and / or use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI) -enabled devices, etc. ) . While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described examples may occur. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspect. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor (s) , interleaver, adders / summers, etc. ) . Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.
[0031] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0032] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0033] Base station operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0034] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communications system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 105, or both) . A CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.
[0035] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the Near-RT RICs 125, the Non-RT RICs 115, and the SMO Framework 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or to transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or to transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or to transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0036] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0037] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110.
[0038] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0039] The SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140 and Near-RT RICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 105 also may include a Non-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 105.
[0040] The Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 125. The Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.
[0041] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 125, the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0042] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Accordingly, a base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component indicated with dotted lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102) . The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from an RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0043] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, BluetoothTM (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) ) , Wi-FiTM (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0044] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs) ) via communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0045] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0046] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (71 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0047] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
[0048] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0049] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 can be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN) .
[0050] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE) , a serving mobile location center (SMLC) , a mobile positioning center (MPC) , or the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) for accessing UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity computation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be made by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The signals measured may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) , global position system (GPS) , non-terrestrial network (NTN) , or other satellite position / location system) , LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS) , sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor) , NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT) , DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) , DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) , and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) , and / or other systems / signals / sensors.
[0051] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) . The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may collectively access the network and / or individually access the network.
[0052] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a UCD component 198. The UCD component 198 may be configured to transmit communication to a network entity; and receive, from the network entity, a pre-coded signal based on a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix that includes multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include a UCD component 199. The UCD component 199 may be configured to pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix, where the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix that includes multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions; and transmit, to a UE, the pre-coded signal. Although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.
[0053] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 1 (with all UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI) . Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.
[0054] FIGs. 2A-2D illustrate a frame structure, and the aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms) . Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) . The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1) . The symbol length / duration may scale with 1 / SCS. Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP
[0055] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot) , different numerologies μ 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, the numerology 2 allows for 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended) .
[0056] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0057] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE.The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0058] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs) , each CCE including six RE groups (REGs) , each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) . A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at greater and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB) ) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
[0059] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0060] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACK and / or negative ACK (NACK) ) . The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0061] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0062] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0063] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0064] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with at least one memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0065] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0066] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0067] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
[0068] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with at least one memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0069] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the UCD component 198 of FIG. 1.
[0070] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the UCD component 199 of FIG. 1.
[0071] In wireless communication, various CSI –based precoding methods, such as Type I, Type II, eType II, and SVD precoding (e.g., when channel reciprocity is available) , may be used to encode a signal before transmission. However, these precoding schemes may have an imbalanced SINR across different layers, which makes it difficult to assign a common MCS for a single CW transmission. In some examples, UCD precoding may be used to balance the SINR across different layers. However, implementing the UCD precoding may lead to increased precoding complexity and detection latency. Example aspects presented herein provide methods and apparatus to enable a block diagonal UCD precoder, designed to support, for example, multiple CW PDSCH transmission. For example, this block diagonal UCD precoder may be used in transmissions involving two CWs, with the block diagonal UCD applied based on the MCS specific to each CW.
[0072] In wireless communication, a transmission channel between transmitting and receiving devices (e.g., between a base station and a UE) may be represented by an Mr×Mt channel matrix H, where Mr represents the number of receiving ports, and Mt represents the number of transmitting ports. The channel matrix H may be estimated based on a Mt-port channel state information –reference signal (CSI-RS) . FIG. 4A is a call flow diagram 400 illustrating an example of channel matrix estimation based on CSI-RS. FIG. 4B is a diagram 450 illustrating an example transmission and the corresponding channel matrix. As shown in FIG. 4A, a transmitting device, such as base station 404 may, at 406, transmit a CSI-RS to a receiving device, such as UE 402 via Mt transmitting ports. As shown in FIG. 4B, the transmission channel H 460 between transmitting and receiving devices (e.g., between base station 404 and UE 402) may be a Mr×Mt matrix, where Mr represents the number of receiving ports at UE 402, and Mt represents the number of transmitting ports at base station 404. Based on the CSI-RS, the UE 402 may, at 408, perform the downlink channel estimation to estimate the channel matrix H 460. In some examples, a set of codebooks, respectively corresponding to each rank from rank-1 to rank-R: { {P1 (0) , …, P1 (L1-1) } , …, {PR (0) , …, PR (LR-1) } } , may be used for the transmission between the transmitting and receiving devices (e.g., base station 404 and UE 402) . As used herein, each “rank” may refer to an independent signal path (or spatial stream) between the transmitting and receiving devices, and R is the maximum rank number between the transmitting and receiving devices (e.g., base station 404 and UE 402) .
[0073] Based on this set of codebooks, the rank and corresponding precoding matrix index, denoted as (r*, i*) , may be determined through a maximization process that estimates the spectral efficiency, represented by: (r*, i*) =argmaxr, iSEest (H, Pr (i) ) (1) where SEest (H, Pr (i) ) represents the spectral efficiency estimation based on given H and Pr (i) . Then, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402) may, at 410, determine the channel quality indicator (CQI) based on: CQI=f (SEest (H, Pr* (i*) ) ) (2)
[0074] At 412, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402) may report the determined information (e.g., the CQI) to the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404) . At 414, the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404) may schedule the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on the received information. At 416, the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404) may transmit the PDCCH or PDSCH to the receiving device (e.g., UE 402) using the scheduled resources, and with precoding selected based on the received channel information.
[0075] In some examples, various CSI –based precoding methods, such as Type I, Type II, and enhanced Type II (eType II) , may be used to encode the signal (e.g., PDCCH at 416) before transmission. In some examples, singular value decomposition (SVD) precoding may be used in downlink (DL) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmissions when channel reciprocity is available. As noted above, these precoding schemes may have an imbalanced signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) across different layers (e.g., data streams) between transmitting and receiving devices, which makes it difficult to assign a common MCS for a single CW transmission. In some examples, uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding may be used to balance the SINR across different layers. The UCD precoding method allows for the joint reporting of overall UCD precoders with different options and may be treated as additional reporting after Type II or eType II CSI reports. To achieve the balanced SINR, techniques such as minimum mean square error-quadratic residue decomposition (MMSE-QRD) or UCD with dirty paper (UCD-DP) coding may be used. However, MMSE-QRD can increase detection latency and induce error propagation, particularly at high ranks, while UCD-DP increases the precoding complexity at the transmitter side, especially at high ranks. Additionally, jointly grouping all of the layers into one single UCD precoder and dividing it into two CWs for high ranks is not practically feasible. Example aspects presented herein provide a block diagonal UCD precoding method that enables flexible grouping of layers without sacrificing capacity and is scalable for higher ranks. The block diagonal UCD precoding method may be used for both uplink and downlink transmissions. Additionally, example aspects presented herein provide methods for deriving the related precoders and the CSI reporting and signaling procedures.
[0076] In some aspects, to achieve the uniform channel decomposition (UCD) , a precoder that is normalized across all the layers may be provided for a transmission (e.g., a downlink transmission) . The precoder may be associated with a codebook structure where each precoding vector (bl) is formed by the tensor product of two DFT vectors, ua and υb (e.g., ) . This codebook structure ensures that the precoder is normalized consistently across all the R layers.
[0077] For example, the precoder matrix (which may also be referred to as precoding matrix in some aspects) F may be composed of: F= [w (1) , …, w (R) ] (3) where each vector w (r) may be calculated by: where PCSIRS represents the number of CSI-RS ports.
[0078] Assuming that each row of the channel matrix H can be expressed as a combination of L orthogonal DFT basis vectors the channel matrix H can be represented in a block diagonal form with these basis vectors. That is, where B= [b0, …, bL-1] (5)
[0079] If then the channel matrix H can be decomposed into a structure where each block is an orthogonal basis vector matrix B, zero-padded accordingly to align with the singular value decomposition (SVD) of H. That is, where is the SVD precoding matrix of the channel matrix H. The final precoding matrix F can be expressed as: where Φ is the power allocation diagonal matrix, and Ω is a semi-unitary matrix. is the n-th diagonal element of matrix Φ1 / 2, which has a dimension of K×K, where K is the number of non-zero elements in ΣW. is the element at the index (l, n) of matrix VW, which has a dimension of 2L×K. is the element at the index (n, r) of a square matrix Ω*, which has a dimension of K×R.
[0080] In some examples, to achieve the DFT-based UCD precoder, L orthogonal basis vectors (e.g., l=0, …, L-1) may be identified by:
[0081] That is, the L orthogonal basis vector (e.g., l=0, …, L-1) may be find by maximizing the sum of the squared magnitudes of the channel matrix H projected onto each basis vector l=0, …, L-1.
[0082] Based on the L orthogonal basis vector (e.g., l=0, …, L-1) , the SVD precoding matrix of may be determined by finding the coefficient matrix Vw. Here, ΣW is a K×K diagonal matrix containing K non-zero singular values, where K is less than or equal to the rank R. Then, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or a base station for an uplink transmission) may calculate Φ1 / 2Ω* to obtain the precoding matrix:
[0083] In Equation (9) , Φ1 / 2 is a K×K power allocation diagonal matrix. This matrix can be derived using various methods, such as the water-filling method or equal power-splitting method. The matrix Φ1 / 2 may be derived based on the non-zero singular values in ΣW. Ω* is a unitary matrix of dimension K×R to balance the per-layer SINRs when using QR decomposition detection. The diagonal elements of the upper triangle matrix RJ are equal, indicating balanced SINR across all layers. The complete system can be expressed as: where and is a diagonal matrix with the dimension of K×K. The unitary matrix Ω* may be derived based on the geometric mean decomposition (GMD) of the matrix: which is dependent on the values of ΣW, Φ1 / 2, and the rank R.
[0084] In some examples, as the number of layers increases, the detection complexity of the UCD precoder and the potential for error propagation may increase. In some examples, the original UCD precoding may be transformed into a block diagonal UCD to achieve the tradeoff between SINR imbalance across different layers and the detection complexity. For example, within each group of multiple groups associated with the block diagonal UCD, the SINR may be balanced to ensure uniform performance within that group. On the other hand, SINR across different groups may not be balanced, reflecting a tradeoff between detection complexity and SINR balance.
[0085] In some aspects, the block diagonal UCD precoder, denoted as FBL, may be constructed as: and may be obtained by modifying the corresponding elements (i.e., VW, Φ1 / 2, and Ω*) in Equation (9) . In some examples, the K non-zero elements in diagonal matrix which is a K×K diagonal matrix, may be reordered into M groups (where M<K) , resulting in a new matrix: where each (m = 1, ..., M) is a square diagonal matrix with its diagonal elements arranged in a descending order, as an example. Correspondingly, may be a block diagonal matrix of: where each sub-unitary matrix (m = 1, …, M) may be derived based on
[0086] The semi-unitary matrix may be derived by rearranging the columns of the semi-unitary matrix VW in Equation (9) to align with the new groupings in Similarly, the diagonal matrix may be derived by rearranging the columns of the diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 in Equation (9) to match the new order of columns in and The rearranged order of the columns in and from VW and Φ1 / 2, respectively, may be the same as the rearrangement of the diagonal elements of from
[0087] In some aspects, the receiving device of the transmission (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station 404 for an uplink transmission) may report the grouping method to the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404 for a downlink transmission or UE 402 for an uplink transmission) . Using a downlink transmission as an example to illustrate the concept, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402) may determine and report the most effective grouping method based on the measured channel conditions and the rank indicator (RI) . For example, if the channel is associated with rank four and one codeword (CW) , the UE may report either one group encompassing all four layers or two groups of two layers each. The decision may be based on the extent of the SINR imbalance observed. For example, if there is a severe SINR imbalance, the UE may report a single group covering all four layers, and the SINR may be balanced across the four layers. On the other hand, if the SINR imbalance only significantly affects two layers, the UE may report two groups (each group covering two layers) . Grouping fewer layers (e.g., two layers) in each group may help reduce detection complexity compared to one group that covers a larger number of layers (e.g., four layers) . Within each group, SINR may be maintained in balance, but the SINR balance might not be maintained across multiple groups.
[0088] In some aspects, the UE may determine the number of groups in and and the size of each group within these matrices. Then, the UE may report the grouping method before reporting the UCD precoding matrices. In some examples, in each sub-band, the group size of each diagonal matrix m = 1, …, M may be the same. In some examples, in each sub-band, the group size of each diagonal matrix m = 1, …, M may be the different. In some examples, a common grouping method may be used among different sub-bands.
[0089] In some aspects, one or more tables that present various candidate grouping methods suitable for different ranks can be provided, and the one or more tables may be included in, for example, a wireless communication standard. In some examples, the UE may then report the RI along with the selected grouping method index from the one or more tables. In some examples, both the RI and the grouping methods may be jointly encoded into a single table. Table 2 shows an example where the RI and the grouping methods are jointly encoded in one table. For example, in Table 2, for an RI of five, all the passible grouping methods may be encoded in one table, represented by one column in Table 2. In some examples, the RI and the grouping methods may be encoded in separate tables. Table 3 shows an example wherein the RI and the grouping methods are encoded in separate tables. For example, in Table 3, for an RI of four, different grouping methods may be encoded into separated tables, represented by separated columns in Table 3. Table 2: RI and the grouping method are jointly encoded in one table Table 3: RI and the grouping method are encoded in separated table
[0090] In some aspects, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission) may report the block diagonal UCD precoding matrices to the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404 for a downlink transmission) . In some aspects, assuming the K non-zero elements (δi) in the diagonal matrix are denoted as the UE may sequentially report the non-zero elements of the modified diagonal matrix Based on the reported and the reported grouping method, the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404 for a downlink transmission) may derive the corresponding block diagonal matrix In some examples, the UE may report the semi-unitary matrix and may be arranged with the same order of the reported elements in In some aspects, assuming the K non-zero elements (δi) in the diagonal matrix are denoted as the UE may report the unitary matrices of The size of each report sub-matrix (e.g., ) may align with the grouping method (e.g., the size of ) .
[0091] In some aspects, to reduce the reporting overhead of when is a 2 by 2 diagonal matrix, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) may report a rotation angle (instead of ) to the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404 for a downlink transmission) , and the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404 for a downlink transmission) may recover based on the rotation angle. For example, when is a 2 by 2 diagonal matrix, maximum likelihood (ML) or low complexity ML may be used for each block. In some examples, may be derived from the geometric mean decomposition (GMD) of the matrix In some examples, when is a 2 by 2 diagonal matrix (e.g., ) , may be derived as a rotation matrix: where θmis the rotation angle calculated by In some examples, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) may report this information of the rotation angle θm to the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404 for a downlink transmission) for the transmitting device (e.g., base station 404 for a downlink transmission) to derive
[0092] In some aspects, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) may directly report of the rotation angle θm. For example, given that and alookup table (LUT) may be established (e.g., in a wireless communication standard) for reporting θm. The table may use a fixed number of bits for either uniform or non-uniform quantization / bins to encode the rotation angle θm. Table 4 shows an example lookup table for the rotation angle. Table 4: LUT for the rotation angle
[0093] The value of the rotation angle θm may be reported in various ways. In some examples, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) may report the cosine of the rotation angle (e.g., cosθm) . In some examples, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) may report the sine of the rotation angle (e.g., sinθm) . In some examples, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission) may report
[0094] In some aspects, a flexible number of codewords (CW) may be used in block diagonal UCD precoding. For example, for lower ranks, such as rank one to four, a single codeword may be used. On the other hand, for higher ranks, such as rank five to eight, there is an option to use either one single codewords or multiple codewords (e.g., two codewords) for block diagonal UCD precoding.
[0095] In some examples, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) may use an additional bit to indicate whether one or multiple (e.g., two) codewords are used. For a given number of codewords, a codeword-to-layer mapping rule may be provided (e.g., in a wireless communication standard) . For example, referring to Table 3, for a configuration with a rank of seven and a grouping method that includes various groups, the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) may report to use two CWs. The correspondence between the CWs and the layers may vary based on the specific grouping methods used. In one example, the grouping method may include two groups, with the first group covers three layers and the second group covers four layers. In that case, the first three layers may use the first CW, and the remaining four layers may use the second CW. In another example, the grouping method may include four groups, with the first three groups each covers two layers and the last group covers one layer. In that case, the first two groups may use the first CW and the remaining two groups may use the second CW.
[0096] In some examples, the number of codewords may be implicitly implied based on the reported RI and the grouping method. For example, if the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) reports a rank of seven with a grouping method that includes one group covering seven layers, it suggests one CW is used. For example, if the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) reports a rank of seven with a grouping method that include two groups, with the first group covering three layers and the second group covering the remaining four layers, it suggests two CWs are used. For example, if the receiving device (e.g., UE 402 for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) reports a rank of seven with a grouping method that include four groups, with the first three groups each covers two layers and the last group covers one layer, it suggests one CW is used. In some examples, all the combinations of different ranks and grouping methods may support using one CW, which may simplify the precoding process.
[0097] FIG. 5 is a call flow diagram 500 illustrating a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of this present disclosure. Various aspects are described in connection with transmitter that transmits a pre-coded signal and a receiver that receives a pre-coded signal. In order to illustrate the concept, FIG. 5 illustrates a UE 502 as an example receiver and a base station 504 as an example transmitter. The example aspects may also be used in connection with a pre-coded signal for an uplink transmission or a sidelink transmission in which the UE is the transmitter. The aspects may be performed by the UE 502 or the base station 504 in aggregation and / or by one or more components of a base station 504 (e.g., a CU 110, a DU 130, and / or an RU 140) . FIG. 5 shows an example where a block diagonal UCD precoding scheme is used in a downlink transmission, where the receiving device is UE 502 and the transmitting device is base station 504. In some other examples, the block diagonal UCD precoding scheme may be used in an uplink transmission, where the receiving device is a base station and the transmitting device is a UE.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 5, at 506, a UE 502 may transmit the grouping information to base station 504. The grouping information may be associated with a block diagonal matrix and a first diagonal matrix In some examples, the grouping information may be based on one or more of: the balance condition among multiple layers between the base station 504 and the UE 502, the channel condition between the base station 504 and the UE 502, or the RI. In some examples, the grouping information may include the number of groups in the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix or the number of elements in each group of the number of groups, or both. For example, referring to Equation (12) , the grouping information may include the number of groups in the first diagonal matrix (e.g., M) and the size of each square diagonal matrix (m = 1, ..., M) .
[0099] At 508, the UE 502 may transmit to base station 504 the precoder information, which may indicate a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix, such as FBL in Equation (11) . In some examples, the UCD precoding matrix may be based on the block diagonal matrix, such as in Equation (13) , and the block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) may include multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., (m = 1, …, M) ) respectively located at diagonal positions of the block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) .
[0100] In some examples, the precoder information may include non-zero elements of the first diagonal matrix in Equation (12) . At 510, the base station 504 may determine the block diagonal matrix in Equation (13) based on the non-zero elements (e.g., ) of the first diagonal matrix and the grouping information (e.g., M and the size of each square diagonal matrix ) .
[0101] In some examples, the UCD precoding matrix may correspond to FBL in Equation (11) , wherein B represents orthogonal basis vectors associated with a channel matrix (e.g., H) for a channel between the UE 502 and base station 504. may be based a first matrix VW, wherein is an SVD matrix of the channel matrix (e.g., H) , is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number, and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number and a rank between the base station 504 and the UE 502.
[0102] In some examples, the order of columns in the order of the columns in may be based on the order of diagonal elements in the first diagonal matrix which may have the diagonal elements based on a set of M square matrices, such as (m = 1, ..., M) , and M may represent the group number, and the diagonal elements may be in the descending order. In some examples, the first diagonal matrix may be obtained based on the reorder of the diagonal matrix
[0103] In some examples, the block diagonal matrix may be based on a geometric mean decomposition (GMD) of the first diagonal matrix At 512, the UE 502 may transmit rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix to base station 504. In some examples, the rotation information may indicate a rotate angle θm for each group of in the first diagonal matrix where m = 1, …, M.
[0104] At 514, the UE 502 may transmit the codeword information that indicates the number of codewords used in pre-coding an input signal to base station 504.
[0105] At 516, the base station 504 may pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using the UCD precoding matrix (e.g., FBL in Equation (11) ) . The UCD precoding matrix (e.g., FBL in Equation (11) ) may be based on the block diagonal matrix in Equation (13) , which may include multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., (m = 1, …, M) ) respectively located at diagonal positions of the block diagonal matrix
[0106] At 518, the base station 504 may transmit the pre-coded signal to the UE 502.
[0107] FIG. 6 is a flowchart 600 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a first device (e.g., which may be a UE or a network node) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a UE in collaboration with a network entity. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 404, 504; or the network entity 1002 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 402, 502, or the apparatus 1004 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10. In some examples, by utilizing block diagonal UCD precoding, the methods can achieve a balanced SINR within different layers between the transmitting and receiving devices, significantly enhancing signal quality and reliability. Additionally, by enabling the receiving device (e.g., the UE for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) to report (or recommend) different parameters related to the precoding, such as the precoding matrix, or the number of groups and the size of each group in the precoding matrix, the methods provide a feedback mechanism that allows the transmitting device (e.g., the base station for a downlink transmission or UE for an uplink transmission) to adapt the precoding strategy to the current channel conditions, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wireless communications. FIG. 6 shows an example where a block diagonal UCD precoding scheme is used in a downlink transmission, where the receiving device is a UE and the transmitting device is a base station. In some other examples, the block diagonal UCD precoding scheme may be used in an uplink transmission, where the receiving device is a base station and the transmitting device is a UE.
[0108] As shown in FIG. 6, at 602, the first device may transmit communication to a second device (e.g., which may be a network entity or UE) . FIG. 5 illustrates various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 600. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 506, 508, 512, 514, transmit communication to a network entity (e.g., base station 504) . In some aspects, 602 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0109] At 604, the first device may receive, e.g., from the network entity, a pre-coded signal based on a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix. The block diagonal matrix may include multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 518, receive from the network entity (e.g., base station 504) a pre-coded signal based on a UCD precoding matrix (e.g., FBL in Equation (11) ) . The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix (e.g., in Equation (13) ) . The block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) may include multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., (m = 1, …, M) ) respectively located at diagonal positions of the block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) . In some aspects, 604 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0110] FIG. 7 is a flowchart 700 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a first device (e.g., which may be a UE or a network entity) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a UE in collaboration with a network entity. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 404, 504; or the network entity 1002 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 402, 502, or the apparatus 1004 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10. In some examples, by utilizing block diagonal UCD precoding, the methods can achieve a balanced SINR within different layers between the transmitting and receiving devices, significantly enhancing signal quality and reliability. Additionally, by enabling the receiving device (e.g., the UE for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) to report (or recommend) different parameters related to the precoding, such as the precoding matrix, or the number of groups and the size of each group in the precoding matrix, the methods provide a feedback mechanism that allows the transmitting device (e.g., the base station for a downlink transmission or UE for an uplink transmission) to adapt the precoding strategy to the current channel conditions, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wireless communications. FIG. 7 shows an example where a block diagonal UCD precoding scheme is used in a downlink transmission, where the receiving device is a UE and the transmitting device is a base station. In some other examples, the block diagonal UCD precoding scheme may be used in an uplink transmission, where the receiving device is a base station and the transmitting device is a UE.
[0111] As shown in FIG. 7, at 702, the first device may transmit communication to a second device (e.g., which may be a network entity) . FIG. 5 illustrates various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 700. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 506, 508, 512, 514, transmit communication to a network entity (e.g., base station 504) . In some aspects, 702 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0112] At 706, the first device may receive, e.g., from the second device (e.g., the network entity) , a pre-coded signal based on a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix. The block diagonal matrix may include multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 518, receive from the network entity (e.g., base station 504) a pre-coded signal based on a UCD precoding matrix (e.g., FBL in Equation (11) ) . The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix (e.g., in Equation (13) ) . The block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) may include multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., (m = 1, …, M) ) respectively located at diagonal positions of the block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) . In some aspects, 706 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0113] In some aspects, the UCD precoding matrix may correspond to FBL in (in Equation (11) ) , where B represents orthogonal basis vectors, such as B= [b0, …, bL-1] in Equation (5) , associated with a channel matrix H. is based a first matrix VW, where is a SVD matrix of the channel matrix H. is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number (e.g., K) , and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number (e.g., K) and a rank (e.g., R) between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE (e.g., UE 502) .
[0114] In some aspects, a first order of columns in asecond order of the columns in may be based on a third order of diagonal elements (e.g., (m = 1, ..., M) ) in a first diagonal matrix having the diagonal elements based on a set of M square matrices. M represents the group number, and the diagonal elements (e.g., (m = 1, ..., M) ) are in a descending order. The first diagonal matrix may be obtained based on a reorder of a second diagonal matrix
[0115] In some aspects, to transmit the communication to the second device (e.g., at 702) , the first device may, at 710, transmit to the network entity grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix The grouping information may be based on one or more of: the balance condition among multiple layers between the network entity and the UE, the channel condition between the network entity and the UE, or the RI. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 506, transmit to the network entity (e.g., base station 504) grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix The grouping information may be based on one or more of: the balance condition among multiple layers between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502, such as whether the SINR are balanced across all the layers between the base station 504 and UE 502, the channel condition between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502, or the RI (e.g., the number of ranks) . In some aspects, 710 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0116] In some aspects, the grouping information may include one or more of: the number of groups in the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix or the number of elements in each group of the number of groups. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the grouping information (e.g., at 506) may include one or more of: the number of groups (e.g., M) in the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix or the number of elements in each group of the number of groups (e.g., the number of elements in each (m = 1, ..., M) ) .
[0117] In some aspects, to transmit the communication to the second device (e.g., at 702) , the first device may, at 712, transmit precoder information indicative of the UCD precoding matrix. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 508, transmit to the network entity (e.g., base station 504) precoder information indicative of the UCD precoding matrix (e.g., FBL in Equation (11) ) . In some aspects, 712 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0118] In some aspects, to transmit the communication to the second device (e.g., at 702) , the first device may, at 714, transmit rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix wherein the rotation information indicative of a rotate angle θm for each group of in where m = 1, …, M. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 512, transmit to the network entity (e.g., base station 504) rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix The rotation information may indicate a rotate angle θm (in Equation (14) ) for each group of in In some aspects, 714 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0119] In some aspects, the rotation information may include one or more of: an angle of the rotate angle θm, a first value of cosθm, a second value of sinθm, a third value of wherein or a fourth value of δ′m / δ″m. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the rotation information (e.g., at 512) may include the angle of the rotate angle θm, the value of cosθm, the value of sinθm, the value of where or the value of δ′m / δ″m.
[0120] In some aspects, at 704, the first device may transmit, to the second device, codeword information indicative of a number of codewords used in the pre-coded signal. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 514, transmit to the network entity (e.g., base station 504) codeword information, which may indicate the number of codewords used in the pre-coded signal. In some aspects, 704 may be performed by the UCD component 198.
[0121] In some aspects, the first device may transmit the codeword information (e.g., at 704) via a binary bit. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 514, transmit the codeword information via a binary bit, which may indicate whether one codeword or multiple codewords can be used in precoding the input signal (e.g., at 516) .
[0122] In some aspects, the codeword information may be based on the RI and the grouping information. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the codeword information (e.g., at 514) may be based on the RI (e.g., the number of rank) and the grouping information, such as the value of M and the size of each square diagonal matrix (m = 1, ..., M) in the first diagonal matrix
[0123] FIG. 8 is a flowchart 800 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a second wireless device (e.g., which may be a network entity or a UE) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a network entity in collaboration with a UE. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 404, 504; or the network entity 1002 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 402, 502, or the apparatus 1004 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10. In some examples, by utilizing block diagonal UCD precoding, the methods can achieve a balanced SINR within different layers between the transmitting and receiving devices, significantly enhancing signal quality and reliability. Additionally, by enabling the receiving device (e.g., the UE for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) to report (or recommend) different parameters related to the precoding, such as the precoding matrix, or the number of groups and the size of each group in the precoding matrix, the methods provide a feedback mechanism that allows the transmitting device (e.g., the base station for a downlink transmission or UE for an uplink transmission) to adapt the precoding strategy to the current channel conditions, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wireless communications. FIG. 8 shows an example where a block diagonal UCD precoding scheme is used in a downlink transmission, where the receiving device is a UE and the transmitting device is a base station. In some other examples, the block diagonal UCD precoding scheme may be used in an uplink transmission, where the receiving device is a base station and the transmitting device is a UE.
[0124] As shown in FIG. 8, at 802, the second device may pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix including multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. FIG. 5 illustrates various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 800. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 516, pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix (e.g., in Equation (13) ) , which may include multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., (m = 1, …, M) ) respectively located at diagonal positions of the block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) . In some aspects, 802 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0125] At 804, the second device may transmit to a first device, the pre-coded signal. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 518, transmit to a UE 502 the pre-coded signal. In some aspects, 804 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0126] FIG. 9 is a flowchart 900 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a second wireless device (e.g., which may be a network entity or a UE) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a network entity in collaboration with a UE. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 404, 504; or the network entity 1002 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 402, 502, or the apparatus 1004 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 10. In some examples, by utilizing block diagonal UCD precoding, the methods can achieve a balanced SINR within different layers between the transmitting and receiving devices, significantly enhancing signal quality and reliability. Additionally, by enabling the receiving device (e.g., the UE for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) to report (or recommend) different parameters related to the precoding, such as the precoding matrix, or the number of groups and the size of each group in the precoding matrix, the methods provide a feedback mechanism that allows the transmitting device (e.g., the base station for a downlink transmission or UE for an uplink transmission) to adapt the precoding strategy to the current channel conditions, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wireless communications. FIG. 9 shows an example where a block diagonal UCD precoding scheme is used in a downlink transmission, where the receiving device is a UE and the transmitting device is a base station. In some other examples, the block diagonal UCD precoding scheme may be used in an uplink transmission, where the receiving device is a base station and the transmitting device is a UE.
[0127] As shown in FIG. 9, at 912, the second device may pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix including multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. FIG. 5 illustrates various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 900. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 516, pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix may be based on a block diagonal matrix (e.g., in Equation (13) ) , which may include multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., (m = 1, …, M) ) respectively located at diagonal positions of the block diagonal matrix (e.g., ) . In some aspects, 912 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0128] At 914, the second device may transmit to a first device, the pre-coded signal. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 518, transmit to a UE 502 the pre-coded signal. In some aspects, 914 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0129] In some aspects, the UCD precoding matrix may correspond to FBL in (in Equation (11) ) , where B represents orthogonal basis vectors, such as B= [b0, …, bL-1] in Equation (5) , associated with a channel matrix H. is based a first matrix VW, where is a SVD matrix of the channel matrix H. is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number (e.g., K) , and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number (e.g., K) and a rank (e.g., R) between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502.
[0130] In some aspects, a first order of columns in asecond order of the columns in are based on a third order of diagonal elements (e.g., (m = 1, ..., M) ) in a first diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements may be based on a set of M square matrices. M represents the group number, and the diagonal elements (e.g., (m = 1, ..., M) ) are in a descending order.
[0131] In some aspects, the first diagonal matrix may be obtained based on a reorder of a second diagonal matrix
[0132] In some aspects, at 902, the second device may receive, from the first device, grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix and the grouping information may be based on one or more of: the balance condition among multiple layers between the network entity and the UE, the channel condition between the network entity and the UE, or the RI. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station) may, at 506, receive from the UE 502 grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix The grouping information may be based on one or more of: the balance condition among multiple layers between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502, such as whether the SINR are balanced across all the layers between the base station 504 and UE 502, the channel condition between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502, or the RI (e.g., the number of ranks) . In some aspects, 902 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0133] In some aspects, the grouping information may include one or more of: the number of groups in the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix or the number of elements in each group of the number of groups. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the grouping information (e.g., at 506) may include one or more of: the number of groups (e.g., M) in the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix or the number of elements in each group of the number of groups (e.g., the number of elements in each (m = 1, ..., M) ) .
[0134] In some aspects, the pre-coded signal may be associated with multiple sub-bands, and the multiple sub-bands may be associated with a same number of groups in the first diagonal matrix For example, referring to FIG. 5, the pre-coded signal (e.g., at 518) may be associated with multiple sub-bands, and the multiple sub-bands may be associated with the same number of groups (e.g., M) in the first diagonal matrix
[0135] In some aspects, the pre-coded signal may be associated with multiple sub-bands, and the multiple sub-bands may be associated with different numbers of groups in the first diagonal matrix For example, referring to FIG. 5, the pre-coded signal (e.g., at 518) may be associated with multiple sub-bands, and the multiple sub-bands may be associated with different numbers of groups in the first diagonal matrix
[0136] In some aspects, the grouping information may include the RI and a group method index indicative of1f a grouping method corresponding to the RI based on a grouping table. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the grouping information (e.g., at 506) may include the RI and a group method index indicative of a grouping method corresponding to the RI based on a grouping table (e.g., the grouping method of “5” corresponding to RI of “5” in Table 2) .
[0137] In some aspects, at 904, the second device may receive, from the first device, precoder information indicative of the UCD precoding matrix. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 508, receive from the UE 502 precoder information, which may indicate the UCD precoding matrix FBL in Equation (11) . In some aspects, 904 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0138] In some aspects, to receive the precoder information (e.g., at 904) , the second device may receive non-zero elements of the first diagonal matrix from the UE, and, at 906, the second device may determine the block diagonal matrix based on the non-zero elements of the first diagonal matrix and the grouping information. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 508, receive non-zero elements (e.g., (m = 1, ..., M) ) of the first diagonal matrix from the UE 502. At 510, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may determine the block diagonal matrix based on the non-zero elements (e.g., (m = 1, ..., M) ) of the first diagonal matrix and the grouping information (e.g., M and the size of each square diagonal matrix ) . In some aspects, 906 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0139] In some aspects, the precoder information may indicate the block diagonal matrix including the multiple sub-unitary matrices, and the sizes of the multiple sub-unitary matrices may be consistent with group sizes in the group information. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the precoder information (e.g., at 508) may indicate the block diagonal matrix which may include multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., (m =1, …, M) ) . The sizes of the multiple sub-unitary matrices (e.g., the sizes of each (m = 1, …, M) ) may be consistent with group sizes in the group information (e.g., the sizes of each square diagonal matrix ) .
[0140] In some aspects, the block diagonal matrix may be based on a GMD of the first diagonal matrix and, at 908, the second device may receive, from the first device, rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix The rotation information may indicate a rotate angle θm for each group of in where m = 1, …, M. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 512, receive from the UE 502 rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix The rotation information may indicate a rotate angle θm for each group of in (m = 1, …, M) . In some aspects, 908 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0141] In some aspects, the rotation information may include one or more of: the angle of the rotate angle θm, the value of cosθm, the value of sinθm, the value of where or the value of δ′m / δ″m. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the rotation information (e.g., at 512) may include one or more of: the value of θm, the value of cosθm, the value of sinθm, the value of where or the value of δ′m / δ″m.
[0142] In some aspects, to pre-code the input signal into the pre-coded signal (e.g., at 912) , the network entity may pre-code, using a single codeword, the input signal in response to a rank number for communication between the network entity and the UE being lower than a rank threshold, or pre-code, using one or more codewords, the input signal in response to the rank number for the communication between the network entity and the UE being equal to or larger than the rank threshold. For example, referring to FIG. 5, in some examples, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 516, pre-code the input signal using a single codeword if a rank number for communication between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502 is lower than a rank threshold (e.g., lower than five) . In some examples, the network entity (e.g., base station) may, at 516, pre-code the input signal using one or more codewords if the rank number for the communication between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502 is equal to or larger than the rank threshold (e.g., equal to or larger than five) .
[0143] In some aspects, at 910, the second device may receive, from the first device, codeword information indicative of a number of codewords used in precoding the input signal. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 514, receive from the UE 502 codeword information indicative of a number of codewords used in precoding the input signal (e.g., at 516) . In some aspects, 910 may be performed by the UCD component 199.
[0144] In some aspects, the second device may receive the codeword information (e.g., at 910) via a binary bit. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 514, receive the codeword information via a binary bit, and the one binary bit may indicate whether one codeword or multiple codewords can be used in precoding the input signal (e.g., at 516) .
[0145] In some aspects, the second device may pre-code the input signal (e.g., at 912) for all rank numbers of communication between the network entity and the UE using one single codeword. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (e.g., base station 504) may, at 516, pre-code the input signal using one single codeword for all rank numbers of communication between the network entity (e.g., base station 504) and the UE 502.
[0146] FIG. 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1004. The apparatus 1004 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 may include at least one cellular baseband processor (or processing circuitry) 1024 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1022 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver) . The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 may include at least one on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1024'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1020 and at least one application processor (or processing circuitry) 1006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010. The application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1006'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1004 may further include a Bluetooth module 1012, a WLAN module 1014, an SPS module 1016 (e.g., GNSS module) , one or more sensor modules 1018 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU) , gyroscope, and / or accelerometer (s) ; magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning) , additional memory modules 1026, a power supply 1030, and / or a camera 1032. The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX) ) . The Bluetooth module 1012, the WLAN module 1014, and the SPS module 1016 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize the antennas 1080 for communication. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 communicates through the transceiver (s) 1022 via one or more antennas 1080 with the UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with a network entity 1002. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) 1024', 1006', respectively. The additional memory modules 1026 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . Each computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) 1024', 1006', 1026 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006, causes the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 to perform the various functions described supra. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 are configured to perform the various functions described supra based at least in part of the information stored in the memory (or memory circuitry) . That is, the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 may be configured to perform a first subset of the various functions described supra without information stored in the memory and may be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described supra based on the information stored in the memory. The computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1004 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 and / or the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1004 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1004.
[0147] As discussed supra, the component 198 may be configured to transmit communication to a network entity; and receive, from the network entity, a pre-coded signal based on a UCD precoding matrix. The UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix including multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. The component 198 may be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, and / or performed by the UE 502 in FIG. 5. The component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024, the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006, or both the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006. The component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1004 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1004, and in particular the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1024 and / or the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1006, includes means for transmitting communication to a network entity, and means for receiving, from the network entity, a pre-coded signal based on a UCD precoding matrix, where the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix that includes multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. The apparatus 1004 may further include means for performing any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, and / or aspects performed by the UE 502 in FIG. 5. The means may be the component 198 of the apparatus 1004 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1004 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
[0148] FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1102. The network entity 1102 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1102 may include at least one of a CU 1110, a DU 1130, or an RU 1140. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component 199, the network entity 1102 may include the CU 1110; both the CU 1110 and the DU 1130; each of the CU 1110, the DU 1130, and the RU 1140; the DU 1130; both the DU 1130 and the RU 1140; or the RU 1140. The CU 1110 may include at least one CU processor (or processing circuitry) 1112. The CU processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1112 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1112'. In some aspects, the CU 1110 may further include additional memory modules 1114 and a communications interface 1118. The CU 1110 communicates with the DU 1130 through a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 1130 may include at least one DU processor (or processing circuitry) 1132. The DU processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1132 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1132'. In some aspects, the DU 1130 may further include additional memory modules 1134 and a communications interface 1138. The DU 1130 communicates with the RU 1140 through a fronthaul link. The RU 1140 may include at least one RU processor (or processing circuitry) 1142. The RU processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1142 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1142'. In some aspects, the RU 1140 may further include additional memory modules 1144, one or more transceivers 1146, antennas 1180, and a communications interface 1148. The RU 1140 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1112', 1132', 1142' and the additional memory modules 1114, 1134, 1144 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . Each computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) may be non-transitory. Each of the processors (or processing circuitry) 1112, 1132, 1142 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . The software, when executed by the corresponding processor (s) (or processing circuitry) causes the processor (s) (or processing circuitry) to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor (s) (or processing circuitry) when executing software.
[0149] As discussed supra, the component 199 may be configured to pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix, where the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix that includes multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions; and transmit the pre-coded signal to a UE. The component 199 may be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, and / or performed by the base station 504 in FIG. 5. The component 199 may be within one or more processors (or processing circuitry) of one or more of the CU 1110, DU 1130, and the RU 1140. The component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 1102 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1102 includes means for pre-coding an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a UCD precoding matrix, where the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix that includes multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions, and means for transmitting the pre-coded signal to a UE. The network entity 1102 may further include means for performing any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, and / or aspects performed by the base station 504 in FIG. 5. The means may be the component 199 of the network entity 1102 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the network entity 1102 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
[0150] This disclosure provides a method for wireless communication at a UE. The method may include transmitting communication to a network entity; and receiving, from the network entity, a pre-coded signal based on a UCD precoding matrix, where the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix including multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions. In some examples, by utilizing block diagonal UCD precoding, the methods can achieve a balanced SINR within different layers between the transmitting and receiving devices, significantly enhancing signal quality and reliability. Additionally, by enabling the receiving device (e.g., the UE for a downlink transmission or base station for an uplink transmission) to report (or recommend) different parameters related to the precoding, such as the precoding matrix, or the number of groups and the size of each group in the precoding matrix, the methods provide a feedback mechanism that allows the transmitting device (e.g., the base station for a downlink transmission or UE for an uplink transmission) to adapt the precoding strategy to the current channel conditions, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wireless communications.
[0151] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0152] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Terms such as “if, ” “when, ” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when, ” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor (i.e., a set of one or more processor P) is configured to perform a set of functions F, each processor of P may be configured to perform a subset S of F, where Accordingly, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as processor circuitry. A memory / memory module may be referred to as memory circuitry. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data or “provide” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0153] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.
[0154] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.
[0155] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at first device (e.g., which may be a UE) . The method includes transmitting communication to a second device (e.g., which may be a network entity) ; and receiving, from the second device, a pre-coded signal based on a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix, wherein the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix comprising multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions.
[0156] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, wherein the UCD precoding matrix corresponds to FBL in wherein B represents orthogonal basis vectors associated with a channel matrix, is based a first matrix VW, wherein is a singular value decomposition (SVD) matrix of the channel matrix, is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number, and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number and a rank between the second wireless device and the first wireless device.
[0157] Aspect 3 is the method of aspect 2, wherein a first order of columns in asecond order of the columns in are based on a third order of diagonal elements in a first diagonal matrix having the diagonal elements based on a set of M square matrices, wherein M represents a group number, and the diagonal elements are in a descending order, wherein the first diagonal matrix is obtained based on a reorder of a second diagonal matrix
[0158] Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 2 to 3, wherein transmitting the communication to the second wireless device includes transmitting, to the second wireless device, grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix and wherein the grouping information is based on one or more of: a balance condition among multiple layers between the second wireless device and the first wireless device, a channel condition between the second wireless device and the first wireless device, or a rank indicator (RI) .
[0159] Aspect 5 is the method of aspect 4, wherein the grouping information includes one or more of: a number of groups in the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix or a number of elements in each group of the number of groups.
[0160] Aspect 6 is the method of aspect 3, wherein transmitting the communication to the second wireless device includes transmitting, to the second wireless device, precoder information indicative of the UCD precoding matrix.
[0161] Aspect 7 is the method of aspect 3, wherein transmitting the communication to the second wireless device includes transmitting, to the second wireless device, rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix wherein the rotation information indicative of a rotate angle θm for each group of in where m = 1, …, M.
[0162] Aspect 8 is the method of aspect 7, wherein the rotation information comprises one or more of: an angle of the rotate angle θm, a first value of cosθm, a second value of sinθm, a third value of wherein or a fourth value of δ′m / δ″m.
[0163] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 3 to 8, where the method further includes transmitting, to the second wireless device, codeword information indicative of a number of codewords used in the pre-coded signal.
[0164] Aspect 10 is the method of aspect 9, wherein transmitting the codeword information includes transmitting the codeword information via a binary bit.
[0165] Aspect 11 is the method of aspect 9, wherein the codeword information is based on the RI and the grouping information.
[0166] Aspect 12 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the first wireless device to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-11.
[0167] Aspect 13 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, where the at least one processor is configured to perform the method of any of aspects 1-11.
[0168] Aspect 14 is the apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising means for performing each step in the method of any of aspects 1-11.
[0169] Aspect 15 is an apparatus of any of aspects 12-14, further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or to transmit in association with the method of any of aspects 1-11.
[0170] Aspect 16 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code at a first wireless device, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to perform the method of any of aspects 1-11.
[0171] Aspect 17 is a method of wireless communication at a second wireless device. The method includes pre-coding an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix, wherein the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix comprising multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions; and transmitting, to a first wireless device, the pre-coded signal.
[0172] Aspect 18 is the method of aspect 17, wherein the UCD precoding matrix corresponds to FBL in wherein B represents orthogonal basis vectors associated with a channel matrix, is based a first matrix VW, wherein is a singular value decomposition (SVD) matrix of the channel matrix, is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number, and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number and a rank between the second wireless device and the first wireless device.
[0173] Aspect 19 is the method of aspect 18, wherein a first order of columns in asecond order of the columns in are based on a third order of diagonal elements in a first diagonal matrix having the diagonal elements based on a set of M square matrices, wherein M represents a group number, and the diagonal elements are in a descending order.
[0174] Aspect 20 is the method of aspect 19, wherein the first diagonal matrix is obtained based on a reorder of a second diagonal matrix
[0175] Aspect 21 is the method of any of aspects 19 to 20, where the method further includes receiving, from the first wireless device, grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix and wherein the grouping information is based on one or more of: a balance condition among multiple layers between the second wireless device and the first wireless device, a channel condition between the second wireless device and the first wireless device, or a rank indicator (RI) .
[0176] Aspect 22 is the method of aspect 21, wherein the grouping information include one or more of: a number of groups in the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix or a number of elements in each group of the number of groups.
[0177] Aspect 23 is the method of aspect 22, wherein the pre-coded signal is associated with multiple sub-bands, and wherein the multiple sub-bands are associated with a same number of groups in the first diagonal matrix
[0178] Aspect 24 is the method of aspect 22, wherein the pre-coded signal is associated with multiple sub-bands, and wherein the multiple sub-bands are associated with different numbers of groups in the first diagonal matrix
[0179] Aspect 25 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 24, wherein the grouping information includes the RI and a group method index indicative of a grouping method corresponding to the RI based on a grouping table.
[0180] Aspect 26 is the method of any of aspects 19 to 20, where the method further includes receiving, from the first wireless device, precoder information indicative of the UCD precoding matrix.
[0181] Aspect 27 is the method of aspect 26, wherein receiving the precoder information includes receiving, from the first wireless device, non-zero elements of the first diagonal matrix and wherein the method further includes determining the block diagonal matrix based on the non-zero elements of the first diagonal matrix and the grouping information.
[0182] Aspect 28 is the method of aspect 26, wherein the precoder information indicates the block diagonal matrix comprising the multiple sub-unitary matrices, wherein the sizes of the multiple sub-unitary matrices are consistent with group sizes in the group information.
[0183] Aspect 29 is the method of any of aspects 19 to 20, wherein the block diagonal matrix is based on a geometric mean decomposition (GMD) of the first diagonal matrix and wherein the method further includes receiving, from the first wireless device, rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrix and the first diagonal matrix wherein the rotation information indicative of a rotate angle θmfor each group of in the first diagonal matrix where m = 1, …, M.
[0184] Aspect 30 is the method of aspect 29, wherein the rotation information comprises one or more of: an angle of the rotate angle θm, a first value of cosθm, a second value of sinθm, a third value of wherein or a fourth value of δ′m / δ″m.
[0185] Aspect 31 is the method of any of aspects 20 to 30, where pre-coding the input signal into the pre-coded signal includes pre-coding, using a single codeword, the input signal in response to a rank number for communication between the second wireless device and the first wireless device being lower than a rank threshold, or pre-coding, use one or more codewords, the input signal in response to the rank number for the communication between the second wireless device and the first wireless device being equal to or larger than the rank threshold.
[0186] Aspect 32 is the method of aspect 31, where the method further includes receiving, from the first wireless device, codeword information indicative of a number of codewords used in precoding the input signal.
[0187] Aspect 33 is the method of aspect 32, wherein receiving the codeword information includes receiving the codeword information via a binary bit.
[0188] Aspect 34 is the method of aspect 32, wherein the codeword information is based on the RI and the grouping information.
[0189] Aspect 35 is the method of aspect 31, where pre-coding the input signal into the pre-coded signal includes pre-coding, using one single codeword, the input signal for all rank numbers of communication between the second wireless device and the first wireless device.
[0190] Aspect 36 is an apparatus for wireless communication at the second wireless device, comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the network entity to perform the method of one or more of aspects 17-35.
[0191] Aspect 37 is an apparatus for wireless communication at the second wireless device, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, where the at least one processor is configured to perform the method of any of aspects 17-35.
[0192] Aspect 38 is the apparatus for wireless communication at the second wireless device, comprising means for performing each step in the method of any of aspects 17-35.
[0193] Aspect 39 is an apparatus of any of aspects 36-38, further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or to transmit in association with the method of any of aspects 17-35.
[0194] Aspect 40 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code at the second wireless device, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to perform the method of any of aspects 17-35.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured to:transmit communication to a second wireless device; andreceive, from the second wireless device, a pre-coded signal based on a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix, wherein the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix comprising multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions.2.The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to receive the pre-coded signal, the at least one processor is configured to receive the pre-coded signal via the transceiver, and wherein the UCD precoding matrix corresponds to FBL in wherein B represents orthogonal basis vectors associated with a channel matrix, is based a first matrix VW, wherein is a singular value decomposition (SVD) matrix of the channel matrix, is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number, and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number and a rank between the second wireless device and the first wireless device.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein a first order of columns in a second order of the columns in are based on a third order of diagonal elements in a first diagonal matrix having the diagonal elements based on a set of M square matrices, wherein M represents a group number, and the diagonal elements are in a descending order, wherein the first diagonal matrix is obtained based on a reorder of a second diagonal matrix 4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein to transmit the communication to the second wireless device, the at least one processor is configured to:transmit, to the second wireless device, grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrixand the first diagonal matrixand wherein the grouping information is based on one or more of:a balance condition among multiple layers between the second wireless device and the first wireless device,a channel condition between the second wireless device and the first wireless device, or a rank indicator (RI) .5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein to transmit the communication to the second wireless device, the at least one processor is configured to:transmit, to the second wireless device, precoder information indicative of the UCD precoding matrix.6.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein to transmit the communication to the second wireless device, the at least one processor is configured to:transmit, to the second wireless device, rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrixand the first diagonal matrixwherein the rotation information indicative of a rotate angle θm for each group ofinwhere m = 1, …, M.7.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:transmit, to the second wireless device, codeword information indicative of a number of codewords used in the pre-coded signal.8.An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured to:pre-code an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix, wherein the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix comprising multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions; andtransmit, to a first wireless device, the pre-coded signal.9.The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to transmit the pre-coded signal, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the pre-coded signal via the transceiver, and wherein the UCD precoding matrix corresponds to FBL in wherein B represents orthogonal basis vectors associated with a channel matrix, is based a first matrix VW, wherein is a singular value decomposition (SVD) matrix of the channel matrix, is based on a power allocation diagonal matrix Φ1 / 2 with a size of a first number, and represents the block diagonal matrix with the size of a multiplication of the first number and a rank between the second wireless device and the first wireless device.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a first order of columns in a second order of the columns in are based on a third order of diagonal elements in a first diagonal matrix having the diagonal elements based on a set of M square matrices, wherein M represents a group number, and the diagonal elements are in a descending order, wherein the first diagonal matrix is obtained based on a reorder of a second diagonal matrix 11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:receive, from the first wireless device, grouping information associated with the block diagonal matrixand the first diagonal matrixand wherein the grouping information is based on one or more of:a balance condition among multiple layers between the second wireless device and the first wireless device,a channel condition between the second wireless device and the first wireless device, ora rank indicator (RI) ,and wherein the grouping information include one or more of:a number of groups in the block diagonal matrixand the first diagonal matrixora number of elements in each group of the number of groups.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the pre-coded signal is associated with multiple sub-bands, and wherein the multiple sub-bands are associated with a same number of groups in the first diagonal matrix 13.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the pre-coded signal is associated with multiple sub-bands, and wherein the multiple sub-bands are associated with different numbers of groups in the first diagonal matrix 14.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the grouping information includes the RI and a group method index indicative of a grouping method corresponding to the RI based on a grouping table.15.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:receive, from the first wireless device, precoder information indicative of the UCD precoding matrix.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein to receive the precoder information, the at least one processor is configured to:receive, from the first wireless device, non-zero elements of the first diagonal matrixand wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:determine the block diagonal matrixbased on the non-zero elements of the first diagonal matrixand grouping information.17.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the block diagonal matrix is based on a geometric mean decomposition (GMD) of the first diagonal matrix and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:receive, from the first wireless device, rotation information associated with the block diagonal matrixand the first diagonal matrixwherein the rotation information indicative of a rotate angle θm for each group ofin the first diagonal matrixwhere m = 1, …, M, and wherein the rotation information comprises one or more of:an angle of the rotate angle θm,a first value of cosθm,a second value of sinθm,a third value ofwhereinora fourth value of δ′m / δ″m.18.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein to pre-code the input signal into the pre-coded signal, the at least one processor is configured to:pre-code, using a single codeword, the input signal in response to a rank number for communication between the second wireless device and the first wireless device being lower than a rank threshold, orpre-code, using one or more codewords, the input signal in response to the rank number for the communication between the second wireless device and the first wireless device being equal to or larger than the rank threshold.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein to pre-code the input signal into the pre-coded signal, the at least one processor is configured to:pre-code, using one single codeword, the input signal for all rank numbers of communication between the second wireless device and the first wireless device.20.A method of wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising:pre-coding an input signal into a pre-coded signal using a uniform channel decomposition (UCD) precoding matrix, wherein the UCD precoding matrix is based on a block diagonal matrix comprising multiple sub-unitary matrices respectively located at diagonal positions; andtransmitting, to a first wireless device, the pre-coded signal.