Musical string

Abstract

The invention relates to a musical string comprising a string core, an intermediate winding layer and an outer winding layer. The intermediate winding layer is arranged between the string core and the outer winding layer. The intermediate winding layer comprises at least one first winding element which is wound in a helix around the string core. The outer winding layer comprises at least one second winding element which is wound in a helix around the intermediate winding layer. The string core is made of metal wire. The density of the intermediate winding layer is less than 6.2 kg / dm3. The intermediate spaces in the intermediate winding layer comprise a damping means.

Description

Description

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a musical string. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a multi-layered musical string in which different further layers are wound onto a string core.

[0002] Stringed instruments always have several such musical strings. For example, a viola or a cello has four musical strings: the C string, the G string, the D string, and the A string. The fundamental tones of adjacent musical strings on the instrument differ by a defined interval, such as a fifth. For a cello, with concert pitch A at 440 Hz, the fundamental tones of the four musical strings are as follows: C string at 65.40 Hz, G string at 97.99 Hz, D string at 146.83 Hz, and A string at 220 Hz. For a viola, with concert pitch A at 440 Hz, the fundamental tones of the four musical strings are as follows: C string at 130.81 Hz, G string at 196.00 Hz, D string at 293.66 Hz, and A string at 440 Hz.

[0003] A musical string produces a fundamental tone and a multitude of overtones through vibration. This is called sound. A person attributes a sound to a specific source, such as an instrument or a musical string, based on its initial vibration.

[0004] In music-making, it is not uncommon for a musician to simultaneously pluck and strike two adjacent strings with a bow. This is called a double stop. These two strings together produce a sound that includes the fundamental tones and overtones produced separately by each string. Furthermore, musicians often switch from one string to the adjacent one, during which... The aim is to achieve a change to adjacent strings that is as sonically imperceptible as possible.

[0005] Musical strings with different fundamental tones but the same scale length often have different tensions and, in any case, different masses, and are consequently also constructed differently. This can result in significant differences in their attack, response, and playing characteristics. Musical strings with different fundamental tones therefore differ not only in their fundamental tones but also in their tonal character. In double stops, the different attack processes primarily influence the combined sound of the two engaged strings. They do not sound like a single, more differentiated string, but rather recognizably like two separate strings, each clearly producing distinct sounds.This can be desirable, or it can be disruptive if a particularly uniform common sound is to be achieved and the tonal purity is lost due to the excessive difference in sound between the two musical strings.

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide a musical string of the type mentioned above, whose transient response and / or whose excitation characteristics are adjustable.

[0007] This problem is solved by the musical string, musical string arrangement and manufacturing process of the attached independent claims.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a musical string comprises a core, an intermediate winding, and an outer winding. The intermediate winding is arranged between the core and the outer winding. The intermediate winding includes at least one first winding element, which is wound in turns of a helical pattern around the core. The outer winding includes at least one second winding element, which is wound in turns of a helical pattern around the intermediate winding. The core is made of metal and / or plastic, and the intermediate winding has a density of less than 6.2 kg / dm³. 3 on the The spaces between the inner and / or outer windings contain a damping element. The inner winding can further include a third and / or fifth winding element. This can have the advantage of allowing a musical string with excellent musical properties to be obtained in a relatively simple manner.

[0009] This makes it possible to create a musical string whose transient response or vibration behavior and / or its response and / or its excitation properties can be adapted to a given transient response or response or excitation properties.

[0010] Furthermore, a musical string can be created, for example, whose transient response and / or excitation characteristics are adapted to the transient response and / or excitation characteristics of a neighboring musical string used in the same instrument, whereby the musical string has, in particular, a higher fundamental tone than the neighboring musical string used on the instrument. The excitation characteristic is, in particular, the behavior when played with a bow and / or when plucked with at least one finger. This is also referred to as playability.

[0011] Thus, for example, for a specific type of musical instrument, such as a viola, matching pairs of strings could be created whose fundamental tones differ by a fifth, which, from the musician's perspective, have essentially identical playing characteristics, and which are indistinguishable to the listener in terms of their attack response. This significantly improves, for example, sound production with double stops and greatly facilitates the transition from one string to the adjacent one while playing.

[0012] The low density of the intermediate winding layer allows for an increased string thickness without simultaneously increasing the mass distribution. This makes it possible, for example, to achieve similar excitation characteristics and excellent vibration properties for musical strings with different fundamental tones and mass distributions. Essentially the same contact area can be achieved, for example, with strings with... Different fundamental tones can be achieved. This means, for example, that the musical strings can be twisted (torsion) within the same angular range during a bowing action before being picked up by the bow. Thus, these two musical strings exhibit essentially the same properties for the musician when bowing or plucking. The disturbances in the sound during double stops and when switching from one string to the adjacent string are minimized.

[0013] The winding elements (first, second, third, fourth, and fifth) and / or the string core can each be made of a coated material (a tin coating is common for the string core). The winding elements can be coated with, for example, lacquer, plastic, or metal. The material to be coated (wire material or winding element material) can be plastic and / or metal. The windings of the winding element(s) within a winding layer can be glued or welded together.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string, the string core and the first and / or third and / or fifth winding element have a round and / or square cross-section, and the second and / or fourth winding element has a square cross-section. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent vibration characteristics.

[0015] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string at least one of a first, third or fifth winding element has a diameter of 0.06mm to 0.3mm.

[0016] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the core of a musical string has a diameter of 0.22 mm to 0.44 mm. This can have the advantage of allowing a musical string with excellent musical properties to be obtained.

[0017] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string there exists a ratio of the mass covering of the string core to the intermediate winding layer in a The ratio can range from 1:0.12 to 1:4.7. It can also range from 1:0.19 to 1:2.6, or from 1:0.24 to 1:1.8. The mass per unit length is a well-known quantity in string manufacturing (kg / volume * area = kg / length). This allows for the creation of a thicker string, which is better for the highest strings of an instrument (e.g., cello or viola).

[0018] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the ratio of the mass of the inner windings to the outer windings of a musical string would be in the range of 1:0.08 to 1:4.7. The ratio can also be in the range of 1:0.20 to 1:4.4. The ratio can also be in the range of 1:0.25 to 1:4.2. This allows for the creation of a thicker string, which is better for the highest strings of an instrument (e.g., cello or viola).

[0019] The mass per unit area of ​​a cello A string (220 Hz) was determined to be between 1.3 and 2.5 g / m². The further determined ratios of the mass per unit area are: core to inter-winding ratio from 1:0.12 to 1:2.5; optionally from 1:0.19 to 1:1.9; optionally from 1:0.23 to 1:0.9; and optionally from 1:0.26 to 1:0.50.

[0020] In conjunction with the above-mentioned ratios, the ratio of the mass coverings of the intermediate winding layer to the outer winding layer ranges from 1:0.45 to 1:4.7. Optionally, from 1:0.8 to 1:4.6. Optionally, from 1:1.7 to 1:4.5. Optionally, from 1:2.2 to 1:4.4. Optionally, from 1:2.5 to 1:4.3.

[0021] The materials identified as suitable for the string core in the case of a cello A string for all embodiments to fulfill the task specified in the application were stainless steel, carbon steel, the latter also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings.

[0022] To fulfill the task specified in the application in the case of a cello A string, the materials identified as suitable for the intermediate winding layer (also in combination of winding elements made of different materials) polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, hydronalium were also coated or lacquered. Aluminum and its alloys are also coated or painted. Examples of suitable coatings include so-called B-stage coatings used in the electrical industry for copper wires. Other coatings and paints include polyimide, polyamide-imide, polyester, polyester-imide, polyvinyl formal, polyurethane, fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, and silicone / silicone lacquers. All of the aforementioned coatings and paints can also be used as multilayer systems with various components.

[0023] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello A string for all embodiments: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, Hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, stainless steel, titanium and its alloys.

[0024] The materials mentioned above for the cello A string can be combined with each other in any way with several winding elements made of different materials in the respective layers (string core, intermediate winding layer, outer winding layer).

[0025] The mass of a cello D string (146.83 Hz) was determined to be between 2.8 and 4.5 g / m. The further determined ratios of the mass of the string core to the inter-winding layer are: 1:0.18 to 1:4.7; optionally 1:0.25 to 1:4.2; optionally 1:0.40 to 1:3.8; optionally 1:0.55 to 1:3.2; optionally 1:0.62 to 1:2.6; and optionally 1:0.70 to 1:2.0.

[0026] The determined ratios of the mass coverings of the intermediate winding layer to the outer winding layer range from 1:0.60 to 1:4.70. Alternatively, from 1:0.80 to 1:4.10. Alternatively, from 1:0.95 to 1:3.8. Alternatively, from 1:1.10 to 1:3.6. Alternatively, from 1:25 to 1:3.4.

[0027] The materials identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello D string were stainless steel, carbon steel, the latter also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings, for the string core.

[0028] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello D string: polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, hydronalium (also coated or lacquered), aluminium and its alloys (also coated or lacquered), copper and its alloys (also coated or lacquered), lacquers or coatings (see above).

[0029] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello D string: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, stainless steel, titanium and its alloys.

[0030] The materials mentioned above for the cello D string can be combined with each other in any way with several winding elements made of different materials in the respective layers (string core, intermediate winding layer, outer winding layer).

[0031] The mass distribution of the viola A string (440 Hz) was determined to be in the range of 0.55 to 1.1 g / m. The further determined ratios of the mass distribution are as follows: core to inter-winding ratio of 1:0.12 to 1:4.7; optionally 1:0.13 to 1:2.4; optionally 1:0.14 to 1:1.8; optionally 1:0.15 to 1:1.5; optionally 1:0.16 to 1:1.

[0032] The determined ratios of the mass distribution between the intermediate winding layer and the outer winding layer range from 1:0.08 to 1:4.7. Alternatively, from 1:0.10 to 1:4.2. Alternatively, from 1:0.12 to 1:3.7. Alternatively, from 1:0.15 to 1:3.0. Alternatively, from 1:0.2 to 1:2.5. Alternatively, from 1:0.3 to 1:2.0. The material composition for achieving the desired mass distribution of the viola A string can also be used for the violin A string (440 Hz).

[0033] The materials identified as suitable for fulfilling the application requirement in the case of a viola A string were stainless steel for the string core, Carbon steel, the latter also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings, is specified.

[0034] For the intermediate windings of a viola A string, the following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the stated purpose: polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, hydronalium (also coated or lacquered), and aluminum and its alloys (also coated or lacquered). See above for lacquers and coatings.

[0035] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a viola A string: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, stainless steel, titanium and its alloys.

[0036] The materials mentioned above for the viola A string can be combined with each other in any way with several winding elements made of different materials in the respective layers (string core, intermediate winding layer, outer winding layer).

[0037] The mass distribution of the viola D string (293.66 Hz) was determined to be in the range of 1.2 to 2.3 g / m². The further determined ratios of the mass distribution are, for the string core to the intermediate windings, 1:0.6 to 1:3.6; optionally, 1:0.7 to 1:3.2; optionally, 1:0.8 to 1:2.8; and optionally, 1:0.9 to 1:2.5.

[0038] The determined ratios of the mass coverings of the intermediate winding layer to the outer winding layer range from 1:0.08 to 1:4.7. Alternatively, from 1:0.15 to 1:4.0. Alternatively, from 1:0.4 to 1:3.5. Alternatively, from 1:0.8 to 1:2.3.

[0039] Materials identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a viola D string were stainless steel, carbon steel, also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings for the string core.

[0040] For the intermediate windings of a viola D string, the following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the stated purpose: polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, hydronalium (also coated or lacquered), and aluminum and its alloys (also coated or lacquered). See above for lacquers and coatings.

[0041] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a viola D string: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, stainless steel, titanium and its alloys.

[0042] The materials mentioned above for the viola D string can be combined with each other in any way with several winding elements made of different materials in the respective layers (string core, intermediate winding layer, outer winding layer).

[0043] In the variants mentioned above, the winding elements of the intermediate winding layer(s) have a round or square cross-section. Furthermore, the winding elements of the outer winding layer(s) have a square cross-section. The cross-sections between the winding layers can be combined as desired. The string core can comprise one or more winding elements with a round or hexagonal cross-section.

[0044] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string, at least the first and / or third and / or fifth winding element has a diameter of 0.06 mm to 0.3 mm. This can have the advantage of allowing a musical string with excellent musical properties to be obtained.

[0045] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string the outer winding layer comprises a metallic material with a density range of 2.4 to 11.1 kg / dm³. 3This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent vibration characteristics.

[0046] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the outer winding of a musical string comprises titanium. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent vibrational properties.

[0047] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the rectangular cross-section of the first and / or third and / or fifth winding element has dimensions of 0.04 mm to 0.13 mm in thickness and 0.14 mm to 0.44 mm in width. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent vibration characteristics.

[0048] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the rectangular cross-section of the second and / or fourth winding element has dimensions of 0.019 mm to 0.055 mm thickness and 0.12 mm to 0.44 mm width. This can have the advantage that a musical string (e.g., a viola string) with excellent vibration characteristics can be obtained.

[0049] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the rectangular cross-section of the first and / or third and / or fifth winding element has dimensions of 0.12 mm to 0.30 mm thickness and 0.19 mm to 0.65 mm width. This can have the advantage that a musical string (e.g., a cello string) with excellent vibration characteristics can be obtained.

[0050] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the rectangular cross-section of the second and / or fourth winding element has dimensions of 0.042 mm to 0.11 mm thickness and 0.25 mm to 0.65 mm width. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent vibration characteristics.

[0051] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string, the intermediate winding comprises a third winding element and optionally a fifth winding element. The first winding element, the third winding element, and the optional fifth winding element comprise different materials. The combined density of the intermediate windings, and thus of all winding elements, would be in the The density of the intermediate winding layer is in the range of 0.9 - 6.2 kg / dm². 3 . This combination allows a lower combined density (average of the densities of the winding element(s)) to be achieved in order to adjust the ratio of the mass covering.

[0052] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the inner winding and / or outer winding of a musical string exhibits grinding grooves. Grinding the inner winding creates a larger contact area compared to an unsanded inner winding, resulting in different surface pressure forces on the outer winding. The outer winding has more grip on the inner winding and thus better contact. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent playability (e.g., bow response).

[0053] According to one aspect of the present revelation, the grooves on a musical string intersect. This can have the advantage of improving playability through improved bow response for up- and down-bow strokes.

[0054] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the friction grooves on a musical string exhibit an angle of between 0.5 degrees and 7 degrees with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the musical string. This can have the advantage of improving playability and sound, because the friction grooves then run strongly perpendicular to the direction of bowing.

[0055] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a musical string arrangement comprises a button and a musical string (see above), wherein the core of the musical string is wound around the button in a groove located in the button, thus forming a first wrap and furthermore exhibiting a twist of the core with itself. This can have the advantage of preventing the connection with the button from loosening over time. Preferably, a round button is used, as this is easy to manufacture. Known and common buttons have an axis of rotational symmetry. With respect to the axis of rotational symmetry of the button, an angular compensation of 0° (the musical string has a longitudinal extent perpendicular to the axis of rotation) to approximately 45° (strongly tilted) to the longitudinal extent of the musical string can therefore be achieved. In other words, the movable connection between the musical string / core and the button allows the button to tilt, which This allows for angular compensation, thus reducing bending of the string core, for example. The vibration transmission to the part of the string with the inner and outer windings (compared to an untwisted string core) becomes more elastic due to the twisting.

[0056] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string arrangement, the twisting has a first twisting section and a second twisting section. This can have the advantage of preventing excessive kinking of the core at the first twist, while simultaneously ensuring a particularly secure connection in the second twisting section.

[0057] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string arrangement, the button can be removed from the first loop. This can have the advantage that the musical string arrangement is more flexible in its use, especially for users who prefer a simple hook for the loop on the so-called "fine tuner" instead of a fork for the button.

[0058] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a musical string arrangement, the button in the first wrap is movable. This can have the advantage that the musical string arrangement is more flexible in its application.

[0059] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a manufacturing process for musical strings comprises the following steps: • Production of a first wrap with at least one first twisting section; • Clamping a string core into a device; • Application of damping material; • Wrapping a string core with an intermediate winding layer; • Rewinding the intermediate windings would involve an outer winding layer; • Clean; • Grinding of the outer winding layer; • Clean. Optionally, the intermediate winding can be sanded before being wrapped with the outer winding. This can include optional cleaning steps before and / or after sanding. Optionally, a knob can be inserted into the first winding during its creation. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent playability with relatively little effort. When wrapping the string core and / or the intermediate winding, the mass of the winding can be finely adjusted or influenced by elongating the winding material or winding element(s) by retracting it during the winding process. This elongation or stretching reduces the cross-section of the winding element. Alternatively or additionally, the mass of the winding can be adjusted or influenced by sanding (in each sanding step). The diameter or thickness of the winding material is reduced by 1% to 45%.During elongation from 1% elongation to just before the breaking elongation of the respective material.

[0060] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a manufacturing process, the wrapping of the string core with an intermediate winding would comprise the wrapping with at least one first winding element, which is wound in turns of a helix around the string core. This can have the advantage that the musical string is flexible.

[0061] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a manufacturing process, grinding the intermediate winding layer and / or the outer winding layer involves creating intersecting grinding grooves. Grinding the intermediate winding layer can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent playability because the outer winding layer has good grip on the intermediate winding layer and thus better contact. Furthermore, grinding the outer winding layer can also improve the grip of the bow on the outer winding layer for the bow hairs (which are coated with rosin) that are positioned approximately perpendicular to the grinding grooves.

[0062] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a manufacturing process further comprises the step of applying damping material between the winding with the intermediate winding layer and / or the winding of the An intermediate winding layer is combined with the outer winding layer. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with a pleasing tone and a sound quality tailored to the specific needs of the musician. It is also possible to produce a string where damping material is applied only to the intermediate layer. Various damping materials, differing in composition and properties, can be used in musical strings.

[0063] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a manufacturing process, grinding comprises the introduction of grinding grooves at an angle of between 0.5 degrees and 7 degrees with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the musical string. This can have the advantage of producing a musical string with excellent playability because the outer winding has good grip on the intermediate winding and thus better contact. Furthermore, improved grip of a bow on the outer winding can also be achieved for the bow hairs (which are coated with rosin) that are positioned approximately perpendicular to the grinding grooves.

[0064] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the manufacturing process further comprises the step of producing a first wrap and producing a first twisted section. This can have the advantage that a loop design particularly resistant to wire breakage can be produced.

[0065] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a button is inserted into the first wrap during a manufacturing process. This can have the advantage that the musical string can be used variably.

[0066] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a manufacturing process a second wrapping is produced by twisting the string core when clamping it in the device. This can have the advantage that the musical string can be manufactured more quickly.

[0067] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a manufacturing process the first wrap and / or second wrap is produced by twisting the string core with itself. This can have the advantage that no additional materials or process steps are required to produce the wrap. Brief description of the characters

[0068] Further characteristics and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent in the course of the following description of its embodiments, which are given only as examples and are not limited, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The figures show:

[0069] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a musical string.

[0070] Figure 2 shows another schematic cross-sectional view of a musical string, similar to Figure 1.

[0071] Figure 3 shows an external view of a section of a musical string.

[0072] Figure 4 shows a view of a musical string arrangement.

[0073] Figure 5 shows a flowchart of a manufacturing process for musical strings.

[0074] Figure 6 shows another flowchart of a manufacturing process for musical strings.

[0075] Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of ground winding elements.

[0076] It should be noted at the outset that in the differently described embodiments, identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component designations, whereby the disclosures contained in the entire description apply analogously to identical parts with the same reference numerals or the same component designations. The same component designations can be transferred. Furthermore, the positional information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, front, back, left, right, etc., refers to the figure directly described and illustrated, and this positional information should be applied analogously to any change in position. Order numbers such as first, second, etc., serve only to distinguish the terms they denote and say nothing about priority or the presence of other terms / components. Detailed description of the execution form

[0077] Reference is initially made to Fig. 1, which shows a musical string 10 in a longitudinal section. A section through the musical string 10 is shown to illustrate the individual layers and their structure. For clarity, the cross-sectional areas are not hatched. Since the musical string 10 is fundamentally symmetrical about its longitudinal axis L, only the upper part is shown in Fig. 1, and the lower part is omitted for clarity.

[0078] The musical string 10 comprises a string core 11 with a round cross-section (only half the diameter is shown, and the cross-section is not visible due to the longitudinal section), an intermediate winding layer 12, and an outer winding layer 13. The intermediate winding layer comprises a first winding element 14 and an optional third winding element 16 (optionally a further fifth winding element), which may have a round or square cross-section (square shown in Fig. 1). The first winding element 14 and the third winding element 16 are wound in turns of a helical shape around the string core 11. An optional fifth winding element may be arranged in the intermediate winding layer (not shown). The disclosure for the third winding element applies mutatis mutandis. The first winding element 14 and the third winding element 16 are made of plastic. The first winding element 14 and the third winding element 16 may be made of different plastics or metals.Between the first winding element 14 and the third winding element 16, spaces 20 are arranged in which damping material 21 is located.

[0079] The first winding element 14 and the third winding element 16 each have a thickness D and a width B. The width B is not drawn correctly here because the helix of the winding elements and the section along the longitudinal center axis L result in an oblique section through the winding elements; the drawn B serves only to clarify which dimension of the respective winding element is meant. The winding elements of the outer winding layer in Figures 1 and 2 all have a rectangular cross-section. In principle, a different cross-section, e.g., round or polygonal, can be chosen for each winding element (independently of the other winding elements). For the ranges of dimensions (width and thickness) of the winding elements, see above.

[0080] The second winding element 15 and the optional fourth winding element 17 are each wound in a helix around the first winding element 14 and the third winding element 16 of the intermediate winding layer 12. These have a rectangular cross-section. The above remarks regarding the drawn dimensions D and especially B also apply here. For the ranges of dimensions (width and thickness) of the winding elements, see above.

[0081] The mass distribution is an important characteristic of a musical string (see above), and in the present application, the ratios between the individual layers, i.e., the string core 11 to the intermediate winding layer 12 and the intermediate winding layer 12 to the outer winding layer 13, are chosen as in the areas disclosed above. These ratios result in a pleasing sound, a string thickness that can be selected due to the low density of the intermediate layer, and thus excellent playability, especially when used with adjacent strings. The material of the string core 11 has a higher density than the plastic material(s) of the intermediate winding layer 12. Furthermore, the material(s) of the outer winding layer 13 has a higher density than the plastic material(s) of the intermediate winding layer 12. The first and third winding elements of the intermediate layer can be made of different plastics.The second and fourth winding elements of the outer winding layer can be made of different materials.

[0082] Fig. 2 is a similar variant to the musical string 10 shown in Fig. 1, wherein the intermediate winding layer 12 comprises a first winding element 14 and an optional third winding element 16 with a round cross-section and a diameter of D. The diameter of the round winding elements in the intermediate winding layer 12 can differ in dimension from the thickness D in the outer winding layer 13.

[0083] Figure 3 shows an external view of a musical string 10, in which the upper half (cut off at the longitudinal center axis) of the outer winding 13 is depicted. The outer winding 13 comprises a second winding element 15 and an optional fourth winding element 17. Spaces 20 are arranged between the winding elements 15 and 17, in which optional damping material is located. The oblique orientation of the spaces 20 is due to the helix of the second winding element 15 and the fourth winding element 17.

[0084] Furthermore, grinding marks 22 from the grinding of the outer winding layer 13 are shown. These can have different grinding mark angles A and B, as shown, and can intersect. The grinding mark angles A and B can lie within an angular range as disclosed above.

[0085] For a cello A string (220 Hz), the mass per unit area of ​​the musical string was determined to be in the range of 1.3 to 2.5 g / m² for the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2. The further determined ratios of the mass per unit area are, for string core to inter-winding length, from 1:0.12 to 1:2.5. Alternatively, from 1:0.19 to 1:1.9. Alternatively, from 1:0.23 to 1:0.9. Alternatively, from 1:0.26 to 1:0.50.

[0086] In conjunction with the aforementioned characteristics of a cello A string, the ratio of the mass distribution of the inner windings to the outer windings ranges from 1:0.45 to 1:4.7. Alternatively, it ranges from 1:0.8 to 1:4.6. Alternatively, it ranges from 1:1.7 to 1:4.5. Alternatively, it ranges from 1:2.2 to 1:4.4. Alternatively, it ranges from 1:2.5 to 1:4.3.

[0087] The materials identified as suitable for the string core in the case of a cello A string for all embodiments to fulfill the task specified in the application were stainless steel, carbon steel, the latter also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings.

[0088] Suitable materials for the intermediate windings of a cello A string, as required for fulfilling the application's objective, include (also in combination with winding elements made of different materials): polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, and hydronalium, including coated or lacquered materials; aluminum and its alloys, also coated or lacquered materials. Suitable lacquers include, for example, so-called B-stage lacquers used in the electrical industry for copper wires. Furthermore, the following coatings or lacquers are suitable: polyimide, polyamide-imide, polyester, polyester-esterimide, polyvinyl formal, polyurethane, fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, and silicone / silicone lacquers, all of which can also be used as multilayer systems with various of the aforementioned lacquers or coatings.

[0089] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello A string for all embodiments: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, Hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, stainless steel, titanium and its alloys.

[0090] The materials mentioned above for the cello A string can be combined with each other in any way with several winding elements made of different materials in the respective layers (string core, intermediate winding layer, outer winding layer).

[0091] The mass of a cello D string (146.83 Hz) was determined to be between 2.8 and 4.5 g / m. The further determined ratios of the mass of the string core to the inter-winding layer are: 1:0.18 to 1:4.7; optionally 1:0.25 to 1:4.2; optionally 1:0.40 to 1:3.8; optionally 1:0.55 to 1:3.2; optionally 1:0.62 to 1:2.6; and optionally 1:0.70 to 1:2.0.

[0092] The ratios of the mass distribution between the inner and outer windings of a cello D string, as determined, range from 1:0.60 to 1:4.70. Alternatively, from 1:0.80 to 1:4.10. Alternatively, from 1:0.95 to 1:3.8. Alternatively, from 1:1.10 to 1:3.6. Alternatively, from 1:25 to 1:3.4.

[0093] The materials identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello D string were stainless steel, carbon steel, the latter also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings, for the string core.

[0094] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello D string: polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, hydronalium (also coated or lacquered), aluminium and its alloys (also coated or lacquered), copper and its alloys (also coated or lacquered), lacquers or coatings (see above).

[0095] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a cello D string: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, stainless steel, titanium and its alloys.

[0096] The materials mentioned above for the cello D string can be combined with each other in any way with several winding elements made of different materials in the respective layers (string core, intermediate winding layer, outer winding layer).

[0097] The mass distribution of the viola A string (440 Hz) was determined to be in the range of 0.55 to 1.1 g / m. The further determined ratios of the mass distribution are as follows: core to inter-winding ratio of 1:0.12 to 1:4.7; optionally 1:0.13 to 1:2.4; optionally 1:0.14 to 1:1.8; optionally 1:0.15 to 1:1.5; optionally 1:0.16 to 1:1.

[0098] The ratios of the mass distribution between the inner and outer windings of the viola A string are determined to be from 1:0.08 to 1:4.7. Alternatively, ratios of 1:0.10 to 1:4.2 are available. Alternatively, ratios of 1:0.12 to 1:3.7 are available. Alternatively, ratios of 1:0.15 to 1:3.0 are available. Alternatively, ratios of 1:0.2 to 1:2.5 are available. Alternatively, ratios of 1:0.3 to 1:2.0 are available. The material composition used to achieve the desired mass distribution of the viola A string can also be used for the violin A string (440 Hz).

[0099] The materials identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a viola A string were stainless steel, carbon steel, the latter also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings, for the string core.

[0100] For the intermediate windings of a viola A string, the following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the stated purpose: polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, hydronalium (also coated or lacquered), and aluminum and its alloys (also coated or lacquered). See above for lacquers and coatings.

[0101] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a viola A string: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, Hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, and stainless steel for the outer winding layer.

[0102] The materials mentioned above for the viola A string can be combined with each other in any way with several winding elements made of different materials in the respective layers (string core, intermediate winding layer, outer winding layer).

[0103] The mass distribution of the viola D string (293.66 Hz) was determined to be in the range of 1.2 to 2.3 g / m². The further determined ratios of the mass distribution are, for the string core to the intermediate windings, from 1:0.6 to 1:3.6; from 1:0.7 to 1:3.2; from 1:0.8 to 1:2.8; and from 1:0.9 to 1:2.5.

[0104] The ratios of the mass distribution of the inner winding layer to the outer winding layer, as determined for the viola D string, range from 1:0.08 to 1:4.7. Furthermore, they range from 1:0.15 to 1:4.0. Further, they range from 1:0.4 to 1:3.5. Finally, they range from 1:0.8 to 1:2.3.

[0105] Materials identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a viola D string were stainless steel, carbon steel, also coated with nickel, tin, brass, copper or combinations of these coatings for the string core.

[0106] For the intermediate windings of a viola D string, the following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the stated purpose: polyamides, PEEK, PBT, polyethylene, polyester, hydronalium (also coated or lacquered), and aluminum and its alloys (also coated or lacquered). See above for lacquers and coatings.

[0107] The following materials were identified as suitable for fulfilling the task specified in the application in the case of a viola D string: nickel, FeAlCr, Monel, silver, Hydronalium, aluminum and its alloys, and stainless steel for the outer winding layer.

[0108] In the variants mentioned above, the winding elements of the intermediate winding layer(s) have a round or square cross-section. Furthermore, the winding elements of the outer winding layer(s) have a square cross-section. The cross-sections between the winding layers can be combined as desired. The string core can comprise one or more winding elements with a round or hexagonal cross-section.

[0109] Figure 4 schematically depicts a musical string arrangement 100. The musical string arrangement 100 comprises a musical string 10 and a button 101. The button 101 is arranged in a first wrap 102. For clarity, the first wrap 102 is not shown lying against the button. However, the button 101 is enclosed by the musical string (here, in particular, by the string core 11), but can Optionally, it can still be removed. To the right in Fig. 4, a first twisting section 111 follows, in which the string core 11 is twisted with itself. Furthermore, to the left along the longitudinal extent of the music string 10 or the string core 11 in Fig. 4, a second twisting section 112 follows (to the left of the dashed line), in which the string core 11 is also twisted with itself. In contrast to the first twisting section 111, the twisting in the second twisting section 112 is tighter and firmer, ensuring a secure hold, whereas in the first twisting section 111 and at the first wrap 102, excessive bending of the string core 11 is avoided. At the end opposite the first twisting section 111 in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the music string 10 (and thus on the left in Fig.4) There is an optional second wrapping 103 with a third twisting section 113 of the string core 11. Between the third twisting section 113 and the twisting sections 111, 112 on the right side, the intermediate winding layer 12 and the outer winding layer 13 are applied to the string core 11.

[0110] Figure 5 shows a flowchart of a manufacturing process for a musical string. In step S5, a first wrap 102 and at least one first twist section 111 are produced. An optional second twist section 112 can also be produced. In step S10, a string core 11 is clamped into a fixture. Here, an optional second wrap 103 with a third twist section 113 can be produced. In step S20, damping material 21 is applied to the string core 11. In step S30, the string core 11 is wound with an intermediate winding 12, the intermediate winding 12 being wound onto the string core 11 in the form of a helix. The intermediate winding 12 comprises a first winding element 14 and an optional third winding element 16. The intermediate winding 12 can also optionally include a fifth winding element.In an optional step S40, damping material 21 is applied to the intermediate winding layer 12. Optionally, the intermediate winding layer can be ground before or after step S40. In a step S50, the intermediate winding layer 12 is wrapped with an outer winding layer 13 in the form of a helix. The outer winding layer 13 comprises a second winding element 15 and an optional fourth winding element 17. In a step S60, the outer winding layer 13... cleaned. In step S70, the outer winding layer 13 is sanded. In step S80, the outer winding layer 13 is cleaned. The first wrap 102 and / or second wrap 103 can be produced by twisting the string core with itself.

[0111] The grinding in step S70 can include the introduction of intersecting grinding grooves 22. The grinding grooves can be introduced at an angle between 0.5 degrees and 7 degrees with respect to a longitudinal center axis L of the music string 10.

[0112] Figure 6 shows a flowchart of a manufacturing process for a musical string, similar to Figure 5. In addition to the manufacturing process shown in Figure 5, the steps of cleaning and grinding the intermediate winding layer 12 are included. After step S30, the winding of the intermediate winding layer 12, it is cleaned in step S31. The intermediate winding layer 12 is then ground in step S32 and subsequently cleaned again in step S32 before the process from Figure 5 continues with step S40. Steps S33 and S40 are optional in Figures 5 and 6. In Figure 5, a cleaning step S33, analogous to Figure 6, can optionally be performed between steps S30 and S40.

[0113] The aforementioned grinding steps for both methods can, on the one hand, improve the grip of the outer winding layer on the intermediate winding layer, because the outer winding layer has a good grip on the intermediate winding layer and thus better contact. On the other hand, the grinding steps can also achieve a better grip of the bow on the outer winding layer for the bow hairs (which are coated with rosin) that are guided approximately perpendicular to the grinding grooves. Alternatively or additionally, the mass coating can be finely adjusted or influenced with each of the grinding steps.

[0114] Figure 7 schematically illustrates the influence of grinding on the respective cross-section of a first winding element 14 (this also applies to all other winding elements). In the case of the round cross-section shown at the top of Figure 7, a circular segment is removed by grinding. The indicated height h of the material removed can be up to 45% of the diameter. This applies mutatis mutandis to the first winding element 14 with a rectangular cross-section shown at the bottom of Figure 7.

[0115] The scope of protection is defined by the claims. However, the description and drawings must be consulted for the interpretation of the claims. Individual features or combinations of features from the different embodiments shown and described can, in themselves, represent independent inventive solutions. The problem underlying these independent inventive solutions can be derived from the description. Features from the disclosure of the device can be incorporated into the process disclosure / claims and vice versa.

[0116] All references to value ranges in this description are to be understood as encompassing any and all sub-ranges thereof. For example, the reference 1 to 10 is to be understood as including all sub-ranges, starting with a lower limit of 1 and ending with an upper limit of 10. This means that all sub-ranges begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end with an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g., 1 to 1.7, or 3.206 to 8.126, or 5.5 to 10. The smallest increment in the measurements is one micrometer (0.001 mm). In all illustrations, the spaces between measurements are shown to be uniformly and disproportionately large for clarity. Due to the irregular shape of the winding elements, the spaces between them are actually irregular and may even be non-existent in some places, because adjacent turns of the winding elements touch each other. List of reference signs 10 Music string 11 string core 12 intermediate windings would be 13 Outer winding layer 14 first winding element 15 second winding element 16 third winding element 17 fourth winding element 20 spaces 21 damping agents 22 grinding grooves 30 round or square cross-section 31 rectangular cross-section 100 musical string arrangement 101 Button 102 first wrap 103 second wrap 110 twisting 111 first twisting section 112 second twisting section 113 third twisting section A grinding groove angle C grinding groove angle B Width D Thickness / Diameter L longitudinal center axis h height

Claims

TI Claims 1. Music string (10) comprising a string core (11), an intermediate winding would be (12) and an outer winding layer (13), wherein the intermediate winding layer is arranged between the string core and the outer winding layer, and wherein the intermediate winding layer comprises at least a first winding element (14) which is wound in a helix around the string core, and wherein the outer winding layer (13) comprises at least a second winding element (15) which is wound in a helix around the intermediate winding layer, wherein the string core is made of metal and / or plastic, and wherein the density of the intermediate winding layer is less than 6.2 kg / dm³ 3 is, and wherein the spaces (20) in the intermediate winding layer comprise a damping element (21).

2. Musical string (10) according to claim 1, wherein the string core (11) and the first winding element (14) have a round and / or polygonal cross-section (30) and the second winding element (15) has a square cross-section (31).

3. Musical string (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the string core (11) has a diameter of 0.22mm to 0.44mm.

4. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate winding layer (12) comprises a third winding element (16) whose cross-section is round or polygonal (30).

5. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer winding layer (13) comprises a fourth winding element (17) whose cross-section is rectangular (31).

6. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a ratio of a mass covering of the string core (11) to the intermediate winding would be (12) lies in a range from 1 to 0.12 to 1 to 4.

7.

7. Music string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a ratio of the mass covering of the intermediate winding layer (12) to the outer winding layer (13) is in a range of 1 to 0.08 to 1 to 4.

7.

8. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer winding layer (13) is metallic material in a density range of 2.4 to 11.1 kg / dm³ 3 includes.

9. Musical string (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the outer winding layer (13) comprises titanium.

10. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one first winding element has a diameter of 0.06mm to 0.3mm.

11. Musical string (10) according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the rectangular cross-section (30) of the first (14) and / or third (16) winding element has dimensions of 0.04mm to 0.13mm thickness and 0.14mm to 0.44mm width.

12. Musical string (10) according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the rectangular cross-section (31 ) of the second (15) and / or fourth (17) winding element has dimensions of 0.019mm to 0.055mm thickness and 0.12mm to 0.44mm width.

13. Musical string (10) according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the rectangular cross-section (30) of the first (14) and / or third (16) winding element has dimensions of 0.12mm to 0.30mm thickness and 0.19mm to 0.65mm width.

14. Musical string (10) according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the rectangular cross-section (31 ) of the second (15) and / or fourth (17) winding element has dimensions of 0.042mm to 0.11mm thickness and 0.25mm to 0.65mm width.

15. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate winding layer (12) comprises a third winding element (16) and / or fifth winding element, and wherein the first winding element (14) and the third winding element and / or fifth winding element comprise different materials, and wherein the combined density of the first winding element and the third winding element and / or fifth winding element is in the range of 0.9 - 6.2 kg / dm³ 3 is.

16. Music string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer winding layer (13) has grinding grooves (22).

17. Musical string (10) according to claim 16, wherein the grinding grooves (22) intersect.

18. Music string (10) according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the grinding grooves (22) have an angle between 0.5 degrees and 7 degrees with respect to a longitudinal central axis (L) of the music string.

19. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the winding elements of the intermediate winding layer (12) and / or the outer winding layer (13) are glued or welded together.

20. Musical string (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the winding elements (14, 15, 16, 17) and / or the string core (11) is made of a coated material.

21. Musical string arrangement (100) comprising a button (101) and a musical string (10) according to one of the above claims, wherein the string core (11) of the The musical string is looped around the button in a groove located in the button, thus forming a first wrap (102) and furthermore exhibits a twist (110) of the string core with itself.

22. Musical string arrangement (100) according to claim 21, wherein the twisting (110) comprises a first twisting section (111) and a second twisting section (112).

23. Musical string arrangement (100) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the button (101 ) is removable from the first wrapping (102) by the string core (11 ).

24. Musical string arrangement (100) according to one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the button (101 ) is movable in the first wrap (102).

25. Manufacturing process for musical strings, comprising the steps: - Formation of a first wrap (102) with at least one first twisting section (111); - Clamping a string core (11 ) in a device; - Application of damping agent (21 ); - Wrapping the string core (11 ) with an intermediate winding layer (12); - Wrapping the intermediate winding layer (12) with an outer winding layer (13); - Cleaning; - Grinding of the outer winding layer; - Clean.

26. Manufacturing method according to claim 25, wherein the wrapping of the string core (11 ) with an intermediate winding layer (12) comprises the wrapping with at least one first winding element (14) which is wound in a helix around the string core.

27. Manufacturing method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the grinding comprises the introduction of intersecting grinding grooves (22). 31 28. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the grinding comprises the introduction of grinding grooves (22) at an angle between 0.5 degrees and 7 degrees with respect to a longitudinal central axis (L) of the musical string (10).

29. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 25 to 28, further comprising the step of manufacturing a first wrap (102) and manufacturing a first twisting section (111).

30. Manufacturing method according to claim 27, wherein a button (101) is inserted into the first wrap (102).

31. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 25 to 30, further comprising the step of applying damping agent (21) between the wrapping with the intermediate winding layer (12) and the wrapping of the intermediate winding layer (12) with the outer winding layer (13).

32. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 25 to 31, wherein a second wrapping (103) is produced by twisting the string core (11) when clamping it into the device.

33. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 25 to 32, wherein the first wrap (102) and / or second wrap (103) is produced by twisting the string core (11) with itself.

34. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 25 to 33, further comprising the step of applying damping means between the steps of wrapping the string core (11) with an intermediate winding layer (12) and wrapping the intermediate winding layer (12) with an outer winding layer (13).

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