Method performed by devices, devices, and storage medium

Abstract

Disclosed are a method performed by a network device, a transmission device, and a reception device, and devices therefor. The method performed by the network device comprises the steps of: configuring a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel; receiving, from one or more devices, information about the characteristics of the sensing channel measured on the basis of the reference signal; determining, from among the one or more devices on the basis of the information about the characteristics of the sensing channel, a reception device for performing sensing; and transmitting, to the determined reception device, configuration information for performing sensing, wherein the information about the characteristics of the sensing channel includes information about the ratio of the sensing capacity being used to the total capacity breakdown, and a device of which the ratio satisfies a specific condition may be determined as the reception device from among the one or more devices.

Description

Method performed by the device, device, and storage medium

[0001] This specification relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for performing wireless communication between devices performing a sensing operation in a wireless communication system.

[0002] Various devices and technologies, such as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and devices requiring high data transmission rates like smartphones and tablet PCs (Personal Computers), are emerging and becoming widespread. Consequently, the amount of data required to be processed in cellular networks is increasing very rapidly. To satisfy this rapidly increasing demand for data processing, technologies such as carrier aggregation and cognitive radio are being developed to efficiently utilize more frequency bands, while technologies such as multi-antenna technology and multi-BS cooperation are being developed to increase the data capacity transmitted within a limited frequency range.

[0003] As more communication devices require greater communication capacity, the need for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication is emerging compared to legacy radio access technology (RAT). In addition, massive machine type communication (mMTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is one of the key issues to consider in next-generation communication.

[0004] In addition, discussions are underway regarding communication systems to be designed with user equipment (UE) in mind, which is sensitive to reliability and latency. The introduction of next-generation wireless access technologies is being discussed with consideration of eMBB communication, mMTC, and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC).

[0005] 6G mobile communication systems are being developed based on the underlying technologies of 5G mobile communication. 6G mobile communication systems require performance that is approximately 10 times better than 5G in all key performance indicators (KPIs), such as data transmission speed, spectrum efficiency, latency, and available user density.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus capable of improving sensing performance by performing a sensing operation through a device with more redundant sensing capacity based on the results of measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel.

[0007] The technical problems to be solved in this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned technical problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the detailed description below.

[0008] A method performed by a network device for managing a sensing operation according to one embodiment comprises the steps of: setting a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel; receiving information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel measured based on the reference signal from one or more devices; determining a receiving device for performing sensing among one or more devices based on the information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel; and transmitting setting information for performing sensing to the determined receiving device. The information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and among one or more devices, a device in which the ratio satisfies a specific condition may be determined as the receiving device.

[0009] A network device for managing a sensing operation according to one embodiment comprises at least one transceiver, at least one processor connected to at least one transceiver, and at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the network device to perform operations when executed by at least the processor, wherein the operations include setting a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel, receiving information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel measured based on the reference signal from one or more devices, determining a receiving device for performing sensing among one or more devices based on the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel, and transmitting setting information for performing sensing to the determined receiving device, wherein the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and among one or more devices, a device in which the ratio satisfies a specific condition may be determined as the receiving device.

[0010] A non-transient computer-readable medium according to one embodiment includes instructions for performing operations when executed by at least one processor, wherein the operations include setting a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel, receiving information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel measured based on the reference signal from one or more devices, determining a receiving device for performing sensing among one or more devices based on the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel, and transmitting setting information for performing sensing to the determined receiving device, wherein the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and among one or more devices, a device in which the ratio satisfies a specific condition may be determined as a receiving device.

[0011] A processing device for a network device for managing a sensing operation according to one embodiment comprises at least one processor and at least one memory connected to at least one processor and storing instructions for performing operations when executed by at least one processor, wherein the operations include setting a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel, receiving information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel measured based on the reference signal from one or more devices, determining a receiving device for performing sensing among one or more devices based on the information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel, and transmitting setting information for performing sensing to the determined receiving device, wherein the information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and among one or more devices, a device in which the ratio satisfies a specific condition may be determined as a receiving device.

[0012] A method performed by a receiving device receiving a sensing signal according to one embodiment comprises the steps of: receiving setting information related to a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel; measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel based on the reference signal; transmitting information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel to a network device based on the measurement result; and receiving setting information for performing sensing from a network device based on the fact that the information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel satisfies a specific condition, wherein the information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and the receiving device may be determined to perform sensing based on the fact that the ratio satisfies a specific condition.

[0013] The characteristics of a sensing channel according to one embodiment may include spatial characteristics of the sensing channel measured in an angle domain or a time domain.

[0014] Based on the characteristics of a sensing channel according to one embodiment being measured in an angle domain, the sensing capacity in use is determined based on the number of sensing paths detected by one or more devices, and the total resolvable sensing capacity can be determined based on the total number of antennas of one or more devices, the total number of receiving beams, or the total number of samples in the angle domain.

[0015] The characteristics of a sensing channel according to one embodiment can be determined based on the received power of a reference signal.

[0016] Based on the fact that the characteristics of a sensing channel according to one embodiment are measured in an angle domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of: i) the ratio of the number of antennas having received power above a specific threshold to the total number of antennas; ii) the ratio of the number of receiving beams having received power above a specific threshold to the total number of receiving beams; or iii) the ratio of the angle interval having received power above a specific threshold to the total angle interval based on the power spectrum according to the angle of the received reference signal.

[0017] Based on the fact that the characteristics of a sensing channel according to one embodiment are measured in the time domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of a channel impulse response, a power delay profile, or a delay spread spectrum of a reference signal received by one or more devices.

[0018] Information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel according to one embodiment may be determined as the ratio of a time interval having received power greater than a specific threshold relative to the total time interval, based on at least one of a channel impulse response, a power delay profile, or a delay spread spectrum.

[0019] Based on the fact that the characteristics of a sensing channel according to one embodiment are measured in the time domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of the ratio of the number of symbols or slots in which a reference signal is received relative to the length of the entire slot or frame that can be received, or the ratio of the number of received paths relative to the number of time samples within the entire slot that can be received.

[0020] A method according to one embodiment further comprises the step of obtaining information regarding the extra sensing capacity of one or more devices based on information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel, and the step of determining a receiving device may include, based on the obtained information, determining as a receiving device among one or more devices that the extra sensing capacity is determined to be greater than or equal to a specific threshold value.

[0021] The step of determining a receiving device according to one embodiment may include, based on information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel, determining as a receiving device among one or more devices a value related to the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity that is below a specific threshold value.

[0022] A reference signal according to one embodiment may include a signal separately set to measure the characteristics of a sensing channel or a signal pre-set to perform the sensing.

[0023] According to the proposed embodiments, by performing sensing through a device with a low ratio of the used sensing capacity to the total sensing capacity, the ability to distinguish multiple sensing paths can be increased, the possibility of interference between multiple paths can be reduced, and sensing performance can be improved.

[0024] According to the proposed embodiments, by performing sensing based on a device with a large redundant sensing capacity, the distinguishability of additionally formed sensing paths can be improved, and the detection performance for target objects can be improved.

[0025] The effects according to the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the following detailed description.

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are included as part of the detailed description to aid in understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure, provide examples of the embodiments of the present specification and describe the embodiments of the present specification together with the detailed description.

[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which embodiments of the present disclosure are applied;

[0028] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing the method according to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a wireless device capable of performing the implementation(s) of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a wireless communication system based on the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP).

[0031] Figure 5 illustrates physical channels used in a communication system based on the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), which is an example of a wireless communication system, and the signal transmission / reception process using them.

[0032] FIG. 6 illustrates any connection process that can be applied to the implementation(s) of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIGS. 7 and FIGS. 8 illustrate an example of a sensing operation according to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a network device according to a proposed embodiment.

[0035] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a network device according to a proposed embodiment.

[0036] FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a receiving device according to a proposed embodiment.

[0037] Hereinafter, implementations according to the present specification will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to describe exemplary implementations of the present specification and is not intended to represent the only form in which the present specification may be practiced. The following detailed description includes specific details to provide a complete understanding of the present specification. However, those skilled in the art will know that the present specification may be practiced without such specific details.

[0038] In some cases, to avoid ambiguity of the concepts of this specification, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in the form of block diagrams focusing on the core functions of each structure and device. Additionally, throughout this specification, the same reference numerals are used to describe identical components.

[0039] The techniques, devices, and systems described below can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, and MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) systems. CDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) (i.e., GERAN). OFDMA can be implemented in wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved-UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), and 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) is part of E-UMTS that utilizes E-UTRA.3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA for the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA for the uplink (UL). LTE-A (LTE-advanced) is an evolved form of 3GPP LTE.

[0040] For convenience of explanation, the following description assumes that this specification applies to 3GPP-based communication systems, e.g., LTE and NR. However, the technical features of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, even though the following detailed description is based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP LTE / NR system, it is applicable to any other mobile communication system except for matters specific to 3GPP LTE / NR.

[0041] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to 3GPP-based standard documents, for example, 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP TS 36.300 and 3GPP TS 36.331, 3GPP TS 37.213, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.214, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.304, 3GPP TS 38.331, etc.

[0042] In the examples of this specification set forth below, the expression that the device "assumes" may mean that the entity transmitting the channel transmits the channel in accordance with said "assume." It may mean that the entity receiving the channel receives or decodes the channel in a form that conforms to said "assume," under the premise that the channel was transmitted in accordance with said "assume."

[0043] In this specification, ' / ' may mean 'and / or'. For example, cell DTX / DRX may mean cell DTX and / or cell DRX.

[0044] In this specification, a terminal (or UE (User Equipment)) may be fixed or mobile and includes various devices that communicate with a base station (or BS (base station, BS)) to transmit and / or receive user data and / or various control information. A UE may be referred to as Terminal Equipment, Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Terminal (MT), User Terminal (UT), Subscribe Station (SS), wireless device, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), wireless modem, handheld device, etc. Additionally, in this specification, a BS generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with a UE and / or another BS, and exchanges various data and control information by communicating with a UE and another BS. A BS may be referred to by other terms such as Advanced Base Station (ABS), Node-B (NB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), Base Transceiver System (BTS), Access Point, Processing Server (PS), etc. In particular, BSs of UTRAN are called Node-Bs, BSs of E-UTRAN are called eNBs, and BSs of new radio access technology networks are called gNBs. For convenience of explanation, BSs will be collectively referred to as BSs regardless of the type or version of the communication technology.

[0045] In this specification, the term "node" refers to a fixed point capable of transmitting / receiving wireless signals by communicating with a UE. Various types of BSs may be used as nodes regardless of their designation. For example, a BS, NB, eNB, pico-cell eNB (PeNB), home eNB (HeNB), relay, repeater, etc., may serve as a node. Additionally, a node may not be a BS. For example, it may be a radio remote head (RRH) or a radio remote unit (RRU). RRHs, RRUs, etc. generally have a power level lower than that of a BS. Since an RRH or RRU (or RRH / RRU) is generally connected to a BS via a dedicated line such as an optical cable, cooperative communication between an RRH / RRU and a BS can be performed more smoothly compared to cooperative communication between BSs connected via a wireless line. At least one antenna is installed at a node. This antenna may refer to a physical antenna, an antenna port, a virtual antenna, or an antenna group. Nodes are also referred to as points.

[0046] In this specification, the term "cell" refers to a specific geographical area where one or more nodes provide communication services. Accordingly, in this specification, communicating with a specific cell may mean communicating with a BS or node that provides communication services to said specific cell. Furthermore, the downlink / uplink signal of a specific cell refers to a downlink / uplink signal from to or to the BS or node that provides communication services to said specific cell. A cell that provides uplink / downlink communication services to a UE is specifically referred to as a serving cell. Additionally, the channel state / quality of a specific cell refers to the channel state / quality of a channel or communication link formed between the BS or node providing communication services to said specific cell and the UE. In a 3GPP-based communication system, a UE can measure the downlink channel state from a specific node using the CRS(s) transmitted by the antenna port(s) of the specific node over the CRS (Cell-specific Reference Signal) resource assigned to the specific node and / or the CSI-RS(s) transmitted over the CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal) resource.

[0047] Meanwhile, 3GPP-based communication systems use the concept of a cell to manage wireless resources, and a cell associated with wireless resources is distinguished from a cell in a geographical area.

[0048] A “cell” of a geographical area can be understood as the coverage over which a node can provide services using a carrier wave, and a “cell” of a wireless resource is associated with the bandwidth (BW), which is the frequency range configured by said carrier wave. Since downlink coverage, which is the range over which a node can transmit a valid signal, and uplink coverage, which is the range over which a valid signal can be received from a UE, depend on the carrier wave carrying the signal, the coverage of a node is also associated with the coverage of the “cell” of the wireless resource used by said node. Therefore, the term “cell” can be used to refer sometimes to the coverage of a service by a node, sometimes to a wireless resource, and sometimes to the range over which a signal using said wireless resource can reach with effective strength.

[0049] Meanwhile, 3GPP communication standards use the concept of a cell to manage radio resources. A "cell" associated with radio resources is defined as a combination of downlink resources (DL resources) and uplink resources (UL resources), that is, a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and a UL CC. A cell can be configured as a DL resource alone or as a combination of a DL resource and a UL resource. Where carrier aggregation is supported, the linkage between the carrier frequency of a DL resource (or DL ​​CC) and the carrier frequency of a UL resource (or UL CC) can be indicated by system information. For example, the combination of DL resources and UL resources can be indicated by a System Information Block Type 2 (SIB2) linkage. Here, the carrier frequency may be equal to or different from the center frequency of each cell or CC. When Carrier Aggregation (CA) is established, the UE has only one Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection with the network. One serving cell provides Non-Access Stratum (NAS) mobility information during RRC establishment / re-establishment / handover, and one serving cell provides security input during RRC re-establishment / handover. This cell is called a primary cell (Pcell). A Pcell is a cell operating on the primary frequency where the UE performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure.Depending on the UE capability, secondary cells (Scells) can be configured to form a set of serving cells together with Pcells. Scells can be configured after a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection is established and are cells that provide additional radio resources in addition to the resources of special cells (SpCells). The carrier corresponding to a Pcell in the downlink is called the Downlink Primary CC (DL PCC), and the carrier corresponding to a Pcell in the uplink is called the UL Primary CC (UL PCC). The carrier corresponding to an Scell ​​in the downlink is called the DL Secondary CC (DL SCC), and the carrier corresponding to the Scell ​​in the uplink is called the UL Secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0050] In a wireless communication system, the UE receives information from the BS via the downlink (DL) and transmits information to the BS via the uplink (UL). The information transmitted and / or received by the BS and the UE includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and / or receive.

[0051] 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from upper layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements used by the physical layer but not carrying information originating from upper layers. For example, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) are defined as downlink physical channels, while the reference signal and synchronization signal are defined as downlink physical signals. The reference signal (RS), also referred to as a pilot, refers to a signal of a specific, predefined waveform known to both the BS and the UE. For example, the demodulation reference signal (DMRS), channel state information RS (CSI-RS), and positioning reference signal (PRS) are defined as downlink reference signals. 3GPP-based communication standards define uplink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from upper layers, and uplink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from upper layers.For example, the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PCCH), and physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels, and the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control / data signals and the sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.

[0052] In this specification, PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) refers to a set of time-frequency resources (e.g., resource elements (REs)) carrying DCI (Downlink Control Information), and PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) refers to a set of time-frequency resources carrying downlink data. Additionally, PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) respectively refer to sets of time-frequency resources carrying UCI (Uplink Control Information), uplink data, and random access signals. In the following, the expression that a user device transmits / receives PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH is used in the same sense as transmitting / receiving uplink control information / uplink data / random access signals on or through PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH, respectively. In addition, the expression that BS transmits / receives PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH is used with the same meaning as transmitting broadcast information / downlink control information / downlink data on or through PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH, respectively.

[0053] In this specification, a radio resource (e.g., time-frequency resource) scheduled or set by a BS for a UE for the transmission or reception of PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH is also referred to as a PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH resource.

[0054] Since the communication device receives a synchronization signal (SS), DMRS, CSI-RS, PRS, PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and / or PUCCH in the form of radio signals on the cell, it is not possible to selectively receive only radio signals containing only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through the RF receiver, or to selectively receive only radio signals excluding only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through the RF receiver. In actual operation, the communication device first receives radio signals on the cell through the RF receiver, converts the radio signals, which are RF band signals, into baseband signals, and uses one or more processors to decode the physical signals and / or physical channels within the baseband signals. Accordingly, in some implementations of this specification, not receiving a physical signal and / or a physical channel may actually mean that the communication device does not receive wireless signals containing the physical signal and / or physical channel at all, but rather does not attempt to recover the physical signal and / or physical channel from the wireless signals, for example, not attempt to decode the physical signal and / or physical channel.

[0055] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, massive MTC, which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that consider reliability and latency-sensitive services / UEs are being discussed. Accordingly, the introduction of next-generation RATs that consider advanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) is being discussed. Currently, 3GPP is conducting studies on next-generation mobile communication systems following the EPC. For convenience, this specification refers to the technology as new RAT (NR) or 5G RAT, and systems that use or support NR are referred to as NR systems.

[0056] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system 1 to which the implementations of the present specification apply. Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system (1) to which the present specification applies includes a wireless device, a BS, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (e.g., E-UTRA)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, vehicles may include UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) (e.g., drones). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and may be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, BS and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and specific wireless devices may operate as BS / network nodes to other wireless devices.

[0057] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a BS (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other via the BS (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without using the BS / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0058] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / BS (200) and BS (200) / wireless devices (100a~100f). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a) and sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b), wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. To this end, based on various proposals of this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and a resource allocation process.

[0059] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing the method according to the present specification.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and / or receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), BS (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 1.

[0061] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). Memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be interchangeably used with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this specification, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0062] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the procedures and / or methods described / suggested below. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this specification, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0063] The wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (100, 200) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) with consideration for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0064] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more protocol data units (PDU) and / or one or more service data units (SDU) according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification.

[0065] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0066] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0067] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and / or receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0068] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a wireless device capable of performing the implementation(s) of the present specification. Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 2 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 2. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to the outside (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from the outside (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0069] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 1, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 1, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 1, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 1, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 1, 100f), a UE for digital broadcasting, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 1, 400), a BS (Fig. 1, 200), a network node, etc. Depending on the use—e.g., service—the wireless device may be movable or used in a fixed location.

[0070] In FIG. 3, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, transitory memory, non-transitory memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0071] In this specification, at least one memory (e.g., 104 or 204) may store instructions or programs, and said instructions or programs may, when executed, cause at least one processor operablely connected to said at least one memory to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of this specification.

[0072] In this specification, a computer-readable (non-volatile or non-transient) storage medium may store at least one instruction or computer program, and when executed by at least one processor, said at least one instruction or computer program may cause said at least one processor to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of this specification.

[0073] In this specification, a processing device or apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one computer memory connectable to said at least one processor. said at least one computer memory may store instructions or programs, and said instructions or programs, when executed, may cause at least one processor operablely connected to said at least one memory to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of this specification.

[0074] In this specification, a computer program may include program code that is stored on at least one computer-readable (non-volatile) storage medium and, when executed, performs operations according to some implementations of this specification or causes at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of this specification. The computer program may be provided in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product may include at least one computer-readable (non-volatile) storage medium.

[0075] A communication device of the present specification comprises at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to the examples(s) of the present specification described below.

[0076] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a 3GPP-based wireless communication system.

[0077] The structure of the frame in Fig. 4 is merely an example, and the number of subframes, slots, and symbols in the frame can be varied. In an NR system, OFDM numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS)) may be set differently among multiple cells aggregated to a single UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or transmission time interval (TTI)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently among the aggregated cells. Here, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols). In this specification, symbols, OFDM-based symbols, OFDM symbols, CP-OFDM symbols, and DFT-s-OFDM symbols refer to They can be substituted for each other.

[0078] Referring to Fig. 4, uplink and downlink transmissions in an NR system are organized into frames. Each frame is Tf = (△f max *N f / 100)*T c = It has a duration of 10 ms and is divided into two half-frames, each with a duration of 5 ms. Here, T is the basic time unit for NR. c = 1 / (△f max *N f ) and, △f max = 480*10 3 It is Hz, and N f = 4096. For reference, T is the standard time unit for LTE. s = 1 / (△f ref *N f,ref ) and, △f ref = 15*10 3 It is Hz, and N f,ref =2048. T s Wow T c is a constant κ = T s / T c It has a relationship of = 64. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, and the period T of a single subframe. sf is 1ms. Subframes are further divided into slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot consists of 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix. For a normal cyclic prefix (CP), each slot consists of 14 OFDM symbols, while for an extended CP, each slot consists of 12 OFDM symbols. The above numerology is an exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing △f = 2 u It depends on 15 kHz. The following table shows the subcarrier spacing △f = 2 for normalized CP. u *Number of OFDM symbols per slot according to 15 kHz (N slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,uslot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot It represents ).

[0079]

[0080] The following table shows the subcarrier spacing △f = 2 for extended CP. u This shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to *15 kHz.

[0081] μN slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 212404

[0082] For a subcarrier interval setting u, the slots are arranged in increasing order n within the subframe. u s ∈ {0, ..., nsubframe,u slot - 1} and n in increasing order within the frame u s,f ∈ {0, ..., n frame,u slot - 1} is numbered.

[0083] A slot contains multiple (e.g., 14 or 12) symbols in the time domain. For each numeral (e.g., subcarrier interval) and carrier, a common resource block (CRB) N indicated by upper-layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling) start,u grid Starting from,N size,u grid,x *N RB sc individual subcarriers and N subframe,u symb A resource grid of N OFDM symbols is defined. Here, N size,u grid,xis the number of resource blocks (RB) in the resource grid, and the subscript x is DL for downlinks and UL for uplinks. RB sc is the number of subcarriers per RB, and in 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, N RB sc is typically 12. There is one resource grid for a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmission direction (DL or UL). Carrier bandwidth N for subcarrier spacing configuration u. size,u grid This is given to the UE by upper-layer parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) from the network. Each element within the resource grid for antenna port p and subcarrier spacing u is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol can be mapped to each resource element. Each resource element within the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index k in the frequency domain and an index l indicating the symbol position relative to a reference point in the time domain. In an NR system, RBs are defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. In an NR system, RBs can be classified into Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) and Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered upwards from 0 in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing u. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing u coincides with 'Point A', which is the common reference point for the resource block grids. The PRBs for the subcarrier spacing setting u are defined within the bandwidth part (BWP), and range from 0 to N size,u BWP,i Numbered up to -1, where i is the number of the above bandwidth part. Common resource block n u CRBand physical resource block n within bandwidth part i PRB The relationships between them are as follows: n u PRB = n u CRB +N start,u BWP,i , here N start,u BWP,i is a common resource block where the above bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. A BWP contains multiple consecutive RBs in the frequency domain. For example, a BWP is a given numerator u within a BWP i on a given carrier. i It is a subset of contiguous CRBs defined for. The carrier may contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured to have one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Data communication is performed through the enabled BWPs, and only a predetermined number (e.g., 1) of the BWPs configured for the UE may be enabled on the carrier.

[0084] For each serving cell within a set of DL BWPs or UL BWPs, the network establishes at least an initial DL BWP and one initial UL BWP (if the serving cell is configured with an uplink) or two initial UL BWPs (if using a supplementary uplink). The network may also establish additional ULs and DL BWPs for the serving cell. For each DL BWP or UL BWP, the UE is provided with the following parameters for the serving cell: i) subcarrier spacing, ii) circular prefix, iii) N start BWP Assuming = 275, offset RB set and length L RB CRBN provided by the RRC parameter locationAndBandwidth, which indicates as the resource indicator value (RIV). start BWP=O carrier +RB start and the number of contiguous RBs N size BWP =L RB , and O provided by the RRC parameter offsetToCarrier for the subcarrier spacing carrier ; Index within the set of the above DL BWPs or UL BWPs; set of BWP-common parameters and set of BWP-exclusive parameters.

[0085] Virtual resource blocks (VRBs) are defined within the bandwidth part and range from 0 to N size,u BWP,i Numbered up to -1, where i is the number of the above bandwidth part. VRBs are mapped to physical resource blocks (PRBs) according to interleaved or non-interleaved mapping. In some implementations, for non-interleaved VRB-to-PRB mapping, VRB n can be mapped to PRB n.

[0086] NR frequency bands are defined as two types of frequency ranges, FR1 and FR2, and FR2 is also called millimeter wave (mmW). Table 3 below illustrates the frequency ranges in which NR can operate.

[0087] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0088] Figure 5 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP-based communication system, which is an example of a wireless communication system, and the signal transmission / reception process using them.

[0089] A UE that has been turned on again after being turned off or has lost connection with a wireless communication system first performs an initial cell search process, such as searching for a suitable cell to camp on and synchronizing with said cell or the BS of said cell (S11). During the initial cell search process, the UE receives a synchronization signal block (SSB) (also called an SSB / PBCH block) from the BS. The SSB includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). Based on the PSS / SSS, the UE synchronizes with the BS and obtains information such as the cell identifier (ID). Additionally, the UE can obtain broadcast information within the cell based on the PBCH. Meanwhile, during the initial cell search process, the UE can receive a downlink reference signal (DL RS) to check the downlink channel status.

[0090] After completing the initial cell search, the UE can camp on the cell. After camping on the cell, the UE monitors the PDCCH on the cell and receives the PDSCH according to the downlink control information (DCI) carried by the PDCCH to obtain more specific system information (S12).

[0091] Subsequently, the UE may perform a random access procedure to complete access to the BS (S13 to S16). For example, during the random access procedure, the UE may transmit a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13) and receive a random access response (RAR) for the preamble through a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). If the reception of the RAR for the UE fails, the UE may attempt to re-transmit the preamble. In the case of contention-based random access, a contention resolution procedure (S16) may be performed, which includes transmitting a PUSCH based on the UL resource allocation included in the RAR (S15) and receiving a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH.

[0092] A UE that has performed the procedure described above may subsequently perform the reception of PDCCH / PDSCH (S17) and the transmission of PUSCH / PUCCH (S18) as part of a general uplink / downlink signal transmission process. The control information transmitted by the UE to the BS is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK) (also called HARQ-ACK), scheduling request (SR), channel state information (CSI), etc. CSI may include channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and / or rank indicator, etc. UCI is generally transmitted via PUCCH, but may be transmitted via PUSCH if control information and traffic data need to be transmitted simultaneously. In addition, the UE can transmit UCI atypically via PUSCH based on network requests / instructions.

[0093] FIG. 6 illustrates an arbitrary connection process that can be applied to the implementation(s) of the present specification.

[0094] In particular, FIG. 6(a) illustrates a 4-step random connection process, and FIG. 6(b) illustrates a 2-step random connection process.

[0095] The random access process can be used for various purposes, such as initial access, uplink adjustment, resource allocation, handover, reconfiguration after a wireless link failure, and location measurement. Random access processes are classified into contention-based and dedicated (i.e., non-contention-based) processes. Contention-based random access processes are generally used for initial access, while dedicated random access processes are used for handover, when downlink data reaches the network, and when reconfiguring uplink synchronization for location measurement. In a contention-based random access process, the UE randomly selects a random access (RA) preamble. Therefore, it is possible for multiple UEs to transmit the same RA preamble simultaneously, which necessitates a subsequent contention resolution process. In contrast, in a dedicated random access process, the UE uses an RA preamble uniquely assigned to it by the BS. Consequently, the UE can perform the random access process without conflicts with other UEs.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 6(a), the contention-based random access process includes the following four steps. Hereinafter, the messages transmitted in steps 1 through 4 may be referred to as Msg1 through Msg4, respectively.

[0097] - Step 1: The UE transmits the RA preamble via PRACH.

[0098] - Step 2: The UE receives a random access response (RAR) from the BS via PDSCH.

[0099] - Step 3: The UE transmits UL data to the BS via PUSCH based on RAR. Here, the UL data includes Layer 2 and / or Layer 3 messages.

[0100] - Step 4: The UE receives a contention resolution message from the BS via PDSCH.

[0101] The UE can receive information regarding random access from the BS through system information. For example, information regarding RACH times associated with SSBs on the cell may be provided through system information. The UE can select an SSB among those received on the cell for which the reference signal received power (RSRP) measured based on the SSB exceeds a threshold, and transmit an RA preamble through the PRACH associated with the selected SSB. For example, if random access is required, the UE transmits Msg1 (e.g., preamble) to the BS on the PRACH. The BS can distinguish each random access preamble through the time / frequency resource (RA Occasion, RO) and the random access preamble index (Preamble Index, PI). When the BS receives a random access preamble from the UE, the BS transmits a RAR message to the UE on the PDSCH. To receive a RAR message, the UE monitors a CRC-masked L1 / L2 control channel (PDCCH) containing scheduling information for a RAR message within a preset time window, a RAR window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow), which is a Random Access-RNTI (RA-RNTI). The length of the RAR window may be set by upper-level signaling, and the RAR window may start at a specific timing after a PRACH transmission (e.g., the first symbol of the fastest control resource set (CORESET) of the Type-1 PDCCH common seek space, starting at least one symbol after the PRACH time corresponding to the PRACH transmission). When scheduling information is received through the PDCCH masked by the RA-RNTI, the UE may receive a RAR message from the PDSCH indicated by the scheduling information.Subsequently, the UE determines whether there is a RAR for itself within the aforementioned RAR message. Whether a RAR for itself exists can be verified by checking whether a RAPID (Random Access preamble ID) exists for the preamble transmitted by the UE. The index of the preamble transmitted by the UE and the RAPID may be the same. A RAR includes a corresponding random access preamble index, timing offset information for UL synchronization (e.g., a timing advance command (TAC)), UL scheduling information for sending Msg3 (e.g., a UL grant), and temporary UE identification information (e.g., Temporary-C-RNTI, TC-RNTI). Upon receiving the RAR, the UE sends Msg3 via PUSCH according to the UL scheduling information and timing offset values ​​within the RAR. Msg3 may include the UE's ID (or the UE's global ID). Additionally, Msg3 may include information related to an RRC connection request for initial access to the network (e.g., an RRCSetupRequest message). After receiving Msg3, the BS sends Msg4, a contention resolution message, to the UE. If the UE receives the contention resolution message and the contention is successfully resolved, TC-RNTI is changed to C-RNTI. Msg4 includes the UE's ID and / or It may include information related to the RRC connection (e.g., RRCSetup message). If the information transmitted via Msg3 does not match the information received via Msg4, or if Msg4 is not received for a certain period of time, the UE may report that the contention resolution failed and retransmit Msg3.

[0102] Meanwhile, the dedicated random access process includes the following three steps. Hereinafter, the messages transmitted in steps 0 to 2 may be referred to as Msg0 to Msg2, respectively. The dedicated random access process may be triggered by the UE by the BS using a PDCCH (hereinafter referred to as the PDCCH order) for commanding the transmission of an RA preamble.

[0103] - Step 0: BS assigns the RA preamble to the UE via dedicated signaling.

[0104] - Step 1: The UE transmits the RA preamble via PRACH.

[0105] - Step 2: The UE receives the RAR via the PDSCH from the BS.

[0106] The operations of steps 1 to 2 of a dedicated random access process may be the same as steps 1 to 2 of a contention-based random access process.

[0107] In NR systems, lower latency than in conventional systems may be required. Additionally, a four-stage random access process may not be desirable, particularly for latency-sensitive services such as URLLC. A low-latency random access process may be required within various scenarios of NR systems. When the implementation(s) of this specification are performed with a random access process, to reduce latency in the random access process, the implementation(s) of this specification may be performed with the following two-stage random access process.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 6(b), the two-stage random access process may consist of two stages: the transmission of MsgA from the UE to the BS and the transmission of MsgB from the BS to the UE. The transmission of MsgA may include the transmission of an RA preamble via PRACH and the transmission of a UL payload via PUSCH. In the transmission of MsgA, PRACH and PUSCH may be transmitted using time division multiplexing (TDM). Alternatively, in the transmission of MsgA, PRACH and PUSCH may be transmitted using frequency division multiplexing (FDM).

[0109] A BS that receives MsgA may transmit MsgB to a UE. MsgB may include a RAR for said UE. After MsgA transmission, said UE monitors for a response from the network within a time window to monitor for a RAR for a two-stage random access process. The length of said time window may be set by upper-layer signaling, and said time window may start at a specific timing after MsgA transmission (e.g., the first symbol of the fastest CORESET of the Type-1 PDCCH common seek space starting at least one symbol after the last symbol of the PUCCH time corresponding to the PRACH transmission of said MsgA transmission).

[0110] A message related to an RRC connection request (e.g., RRCSetupRequest message) requesting to establish a connection between the RRC layer of the BS and the RRC layer of the UE may be transmitted by being included in the payload of MsgA. In this case, MsgB may be used to transmit RRC connection-related information (e.g., RRCSetup message). Alternatively, the RRC connection request message (e.g., RRCSetupRequest message) may be transmitted via PUSCH transmitted based on a UL grant within MsgB. In this case, the RRC connection-related information (e.g., RRCSetup message) related to the RRC connection request may be transmitted via PDSCH associated with said PUSCH transmission after the PUSCH transmission based on MsgB.

[0111] Below, physical channels that can be used in 3GPP-based wireless communication systems are described in more detail.

[0112] A PDCCH carries a DCI. For example, a PDCCH (i.e., a DCI) carries the transmission format and resource allocation of the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), resource allocation information for the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH), paging information for the paging channel (PCH), system information on the DL-SCH, resource allocation information for control messages of the layer above the physical layer (hereinafter referred to as the upper layer) among the protocol stacks of the UE / BS, such as random access response (RAR) transmitted on the PDSCH, transmission power control commands, and the activation / deactivation of configured scheduling (CS). A DCI containing resource allocation information for the DL-SCH is also called a PDSCH scheduling DCI, and a DCI containing resource allocation information for the UL-SCH is also called a PUSCH scheduling DCI. The DCI includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), and the CRC is masked / scrambled with various identifiers (e.g., radio network temporary identifier (RNTI)) depending on the owner or use of the PDCCH. For example, if the PDCCH is for a specific UE, the CRC is masked with the UE identifier (e.g., cell RNTI (C-RNTI)). If the PDCCH is for paging, the CRC is masked with the paging RNTI (P-RNTI). If the PDCCH is for system information (e.g., system information block (SIB)), the CRC is masked with the system information RNTI (SI-RNTI). If the PDCCH is for a random access response, the CRC is masked with the random access RNTI (RA-RATI).

[0113] The scheduling of a PDCCH on one serving cell to a PDSCH or PUSCH on another serving cell is called cross-carrier scheduling. Cross-carrier scheduling using a carrier indicator field (CIF) may allow a PDCCH on a serving cell to schedule resources on another serving cell. Meanwhile, the scheduling of a PDSCH or PUSCH on a serving cell to a serving cell is called self-carrier scheduling. When cross-carrier scheduling is used in a cell, the BS may provide the UE with information regarding the cell scheduling said cell. For example, the BS may provide the UE with whether the serving cell is scheduled by a PDCCH on another (scheduling) cell or by said serving cell, and if said serving cell is scheduled by another (scheduling) cell, which cell signals downlink assignments and uplink grants for said serving cell. In this specification, a cell carrying a PDCCH is referred to as a scheduling cell, and a cell in which the transmission of a PUSCH or PDSCH is scheduled by a DCI included in the PDCCH, that is, a cell carrying a PUSCH or PDSCH scheduled by the PDCCH, is referred to as a scheduled cell.

[0114] PDSCH is a physical layer DL channel for DL ​​data transport. PDSCH carries downlink data (e.g., DL-SCH transport blocks) and applies modulation methods such as QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64 QAM, and 256 QAM. Codewords are generated by encoding transport blocks (TB). PDSCH can carry up to two codewords. Scrambling and modulation mapping are performed for each codeword, and the modulation symbols generated from each codeword can be mapped to one or more layers. Each layer is mapped to a radio resource along with DMRS to generate an OFDM symbol signal, which is then transmitted through the corresponding antenna port.

[0115] The UE must have uplink resources available to it for UL-SCH data transmission and downlink resources available to it for DL-SCH data reception. Uplink resources and downlink resources are assigned to the UE through resource allocation by the BS. Resource allocation may include time domain resource allocation (TDRA) and frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA). In this specification, uplink resource allocation is also referred to as uplink grant, and downlink resource allocation is also referred to as downlink assignment. Uplink grant is dynamically received by the UE on the PDCCH or within the RAR, or is semi-persistently set to the UE by RRC signaling from the BS. Downlink assignment is dynamically received by the UE on the PDCCH, or is semi-persistently set to the UE by RRC signaling from the BS.

[0116] In UL, the BS can dynamically allocate uplink resources to the UE via PDCCH(s) addressed to a cell radio network temporary Identifier (C-RNTI). The UE monitors the PDCCH(s) to identify potential uplink grant(s) for UL transmission. Additionally, the BS can allocate uplink resources to the UE using a configured grant (CG). Two types of configured grants, Type 1 and Type 2, may be used. In the case of Type 1, the BS directly provides the configured uplink grant (including periodicity) via RRC signaling. In the case of Type 2, the BS sets the period of an RRC-configured uplink grant through RRC signaling and can signal and activate or deactivate the said uplink grant through a PDCCH (PDCCH addressed to CS-RNTI) addressed to a configured scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI). For example, in the case of Type 2, the PDCCH addressed to CS-RNTI indicates that the said uplink grant may be implicitly reused according to the period set by RRC signaling until it is deactivated.

[0117] In DL, the BS can dynamically allocate downlink resources to the UE via PDCCH(s) addressed by C-RNTI. The UE monitors the PDCCH(s) to identify potential downlink assignments. Additionally, the BS can allocate downlink resources to the UE using semi-static scheduling (SPS). The BS can set the period of the configured downlink assignments via RRC signaling and signal and enable or disable the configured downlink assignments via PDCCHs addressed by CS-RNTI. For example, a PDCCH addressed by CS-RNTI indicates that the corresponding downlink assignment may be implicitly reused according to the period set by RRC signaling until it is disabled.

[0118] A control resource set (CORESET), which is a set of time-frequency resources that allows the UE to monitor PDCCH, may be defined and / or configured. The CORESET consists of a set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) having a duration of one to three OFDM symbols. The PRBs constituting the CORESET and the CORESET duration may be provided to the UE through upper layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. Within the configured CORESET(s), a set of PDCCH candidates is monitored according to the corresponding search space sets. As specified herein, monitoring implies decoding (also known as blind decoding) each PDCCH candidate according to the monitored DCI formats.

[0119] The set of PDCCH candidates monitored by the UE is defined in terms of PDCCH search space sets. A search space set can be a common search space (CSS) set or a UE-specific search space (USS) set. Each CORESET setting is associated with one or more search space sets, and each search space set is associated with one CORESET setting.

[0120] A set of PDCCH candidates can be monitored in one or more CORESETs on an active DL BWP on each active serving cell where PDCCH monitoring is configured, wherein monitoring implies receiving each PDCCH candidate and decoding it according to the monitored DCI formats.

[0121] Based on the CORESET / scan space set configuration, the UE can monitor PDCCH candidates from one or more SS sets within the slot. The occasion (e.g., time / frequency resources) when PDCCH candidates must be monitored is defined as a PDCCH (monitoring) time. One or more PDCCH (monitoring) times can be configured within the slot.

[0122] Below, ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) is explained in detail.

[0123] Wireless sensing is a technology that utilizes radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, and distance (range) of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to objects via devices within a network, they can provide services for determining object locations without the need for devices. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing may utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, that is, the sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0124] FIGS. 7 and FIGS. 8 illustrate an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] The embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 7 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0126] A sensing transmitter may include a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing operation, and a sensing receiver may include a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing operation, and a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving the characteristics of an object in the environment from the sensing signal.

[0127] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, referring to FIG. 7, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single terminal (i.e., the same terminal). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 8, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in different base stations, in different terminals, or in a terminal and a base station, respectively. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that may be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0128] In this regard, based on whether the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are each included in a base station or a terminal, the following six types of sensing modes can be defined.

[0129] - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0130] - Second mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0131] - 3rd Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the terminal (e.g., base station-terminal sensing mode)

[0132] - 4th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the terminal and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., terminal-base station sensing mode)

[0133] - 5th Mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are contained in a single terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in monostatic mode)

[0134] - 6th mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the first terminal and the sensing receiver is included in a second terminal different from the first terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in bistatic mode)

[0135] In a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, one or more of the six types of sensing modes described above may be utilized independently or in combination.

[0136] In relation to the sensing operation in FIGS. 7 and 8, the sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may correspond to a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification. The sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. In the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and sensing results may be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). The sensing result thus generated / acquired may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) provided by a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0137] Additionally, the sensing operation in FIGS. 7 and 8 is described using a wireless communication system based on a 6G network as a representative example, but it can be extended and applied to cases where terminals / base stations / signals based on previous generations (e.g., 4G, 5G, etc.) networks are utilized.

[0138] Additionally, various channel modeling methods may be applied in relation to the wireless sensing described herein. Channel modeling related to sensing may mean constructing a path for transmitting and receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals by considering the object to be sensed and / or the environment to which the object belongs. Since channel modeling may be related to the performance / requirements of sensing in a wireless communication system, it may be an important matter for verifying the validity of the sensing function.

[0139] Channels related to sensing can be classified into channels between an object (e.g., target of interest) and a sensing transmitter / receiver, and channels between the environment to which the object belongs and a sensing transmitter / receiver. In this regard, channel modeling related to sensing can be classified based on the sensing mode (e.g., the six types of modes mentioned above), whether it is an object or an environment, and / or sensing scenarios. For example, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for an environment in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode can be configured with different optimizations. For example, when various sensing scenarios are classified, they can be divided into channel modeling for detection, location, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for motion recognition, and channel modeling for imaging / environment reconstruction scenarios. Additionally, channel modeling related to sensing may be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, modeling for sensing in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of this specification may be based on stochastic geometry channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid with ray tracing channel modeling techniques. Here, the stochastic geometry channel model may be based on various statistical characteristics of the channel state. Furthermore, the hybrid channel model may be based on both ray tracing techniques and stochastic techniques.In the case of a hybrid approach, channels for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be modeled using ray tracing techniques, while channels for the environment can be modeled using probabilistic techniques.

[0140] Hereinafter, terms used in the various embodiments proposed in this specification are explained.

[0141] - ISAC: Integrated sensing and communication

[0142] - Sensing signal; reference signal transmitted and / or received for sensing

[0143] - Sensing Transmitter (sensing Tx(transmitter): An entity that transmits a sensing signal

[0144] - Sensing Receiver (sensing Rx(receiver): An object that receives a sensing signal

[0145] - Monostatic Sensing: Sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located together within the same TRP (transmission and reception point) or UE.

[0146] - Bi-static sensing: Sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different TRPs or UEs.

[0147] - Multi-static sensing: Sensing having multiple sensing transmitters and / or sensing receivers for a sensing target

[0148] - Target object(TO): The object to be detected through sensing

[0149] - Environmental Object (EO): An object whose location is known, other than the target object.

[0150] - Clutter: Background or objects whose location cannot be determined, excluding the target object and environment objects.

[0151] - BS-BS Sensing: Sensing in which BS #1 transmits a sensing RS and BS #2 receives the sensing RS transmitted from BS #1. If BS #1 and BS #2 are different, separate BSs, it refers to BS-BS bistatic sensing operation, and if BS #1 and BS #2 are the same BS, it refers to BS-BS monostatic sensing operation. In this case, BS may refer to a base station or a TRP.

[0152] - BS-UE bistatic sensing: Sensing in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS transmitted by the BS. In this case, the BS may include a base station or a TRP. If the BS and / or UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may imply BS-UE multistatic sensing operation.

[0153] - UE-BS bistatic sensing: Sensing in which the UE transmits a sensing RS and the BS receives the RS transmitted by the UE. Here, the BS may refer to a base station or a TRP. If the BS and / or UE are one or more BS and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to UE-BS multistatic sensing operation.

[0154] - UE-UE Sensing: Sensing in which UE #1 transmits a sensing RS and UE #2 receives the sensing RS transmitted by UE #1. If UE #1 and UE #2 are distinct UEs, this implies UE-UE bistatic sensing operation; if UE #1 and UE #2 are the same UE, this implies UE-UE monostatic sensing operation. If UE #1 and / or UE #2 are one or more UEs, this implies UE-UE multistatic sensing operation.

[0155] - SMF (Sensing Management Function): An entity that manages sensing operations and performs at least one of the following functions. According to one embodiment, the SMF may be a logical entity defined in a core network or a RAN (Radio Access Network). According to another embodiment, the SMF may be a base station or a UE having the capability to perform the SMF.

[0156] 1) Setting Sensing RS Related Parameters

[0157] 2) Control of sensing operations and / or procedures

[0158] 3) Receive sensing-related measurement results, and based on the received measurement results, estimate the sensing results for the object (e.g., information including distance, speed, direction, and object recognition).

[0159] - TSA (Target Sensing Area): The area where objects are to be detected through sensing.

[0160] - RCS (Radar Cross Section): An effective area that intercepts transmitted radar power and isotropically disperses that power to radar receivers.

[0161] The proposed embodiments are described in detail below. In spaces where buildings and objects (e.g., people or vehicles) are densely packed, such as urban areas, it may be difficult to detect and / or recognize a region of interest and / or a target object by distinguishing it from surrounding buildings or objects through sensing signals. Furthermore, because the spatial channel characteristics are sparse, the sensing performance of a receiver that exhibits fewer multipaths may be superior. In other words, while conventional communication systems may obtain the effect of diversity gain by maximizing the use of ranks between the transmitter and the receiver through multipaths, in sensing, for additional diversity within a limited rank, it may be determined that there is room for additional sensing capacity as the number of empty ranks in the multi-antenna space increases. At this time, the receiver is an entity that receives the sensing signal and may be referred to by terms such as a sensing receiver or receiving device according to the embodiment, and the transmitter is an entity that transmits the sensing signal and may be referred to by terms such as a sensing transmitter or transmitting device according to the embodiment, but is not limited thereto.

[0162] Sensing signals are reflected by objects scattering radio waves in the vicinity of the receiver and enter the receiver; as the number of scatterers and target objects around the receiver increases, the number of multipaths (or multiple sensing paths) also increases. In such a multipath environment, the receiver can distinguish each multipath and sense the scatterers and target objects associated with each path. However, receivers with limited resolution for multipaths may fail to distinguish each path, and as the number of scatterers and target objects around the receiver increases, distinguishing between paths becomes difficult. Consequently, in a multipath environment characterized by rich scattering, receivers may find it difficult to distinguish paths associated with objects when additional paths are created by new objects, and sensing performance may degrade due to interference between paths. Therefore, a reference signal may be required to measure and report the spatial channel characteristics of the receiver during the process of determining the object receiving the sensing signal or applying and / or changing settings for transmitting and receiving the sensing signal. For example, determining an object that receives a sensing signal may include determining a new receiver, or maintaining or changing an existing receiver.

[0163] 1. According to one proposed embodiment, prior to the formation of a sensing link, the candidate receiver(s) may report the spatial channel characteristics of a reference signal to the transmitter and / or SF in order to set up reception of a sensing signal to a specific receiver(s) and to form a sensing link with said receiver(s). In this case, the sensing link may refer to a path formed between a transmitting device, a target object, and a receiving device to perform sensing. The reference signal may include at least one of an initial reference signal for the formation of a sensing link and a reference signal (from the transmitter) connected for conventional communication (and / or sensing).

[0164] 2. After a sensing link is formed, for monitoring the formed sensing link, the receiver(s) may report the spatial channel characteristics of the reference signal for sensing to the transmitter and / or SF. In this case, the SF is an entity that manages the sensing operation and may be referred to as a Sensing Management Function (SMF) or a network device depending on the embodiment.

[0165] 3. A reference signal is separately established for measuring information (or characteristic information) of a sensing channel, and the receiver may report the spatial channel characteristics of the said reference signal to the transmitter and / or SF. The spatial channel characteristics of the reference signal may be expressed as multipaths formed by the reflection of the transmitted signal by objects and scatterers existing between the transmitter and the receiver in the space of angles by the receiving antenna and the space of distances by reception time. The spatial channel characteristics may refer to the spatial characteristics of the channel measured in the angle domain and / or the time domain. For example, the spatial channel characteristics associated with the reference signal may be expressed as the number of receiving (or detected) sensing paths in the angle and / or time domains and the receiver's capacity for multipaths in each domain. Additionally, the spatial channel characteristics associated with the reference signal may include measurement results for the entire area measurable by the receiver and / or a specific sensing area, or the space near the target.

[0166] According to one embodiment, the receiver can measure spatial channel characteristics for a sensing link between the transmitter and receiver in an angular domain. For example, the spatial channel characteristics may be expressed as a ratio based on the total resolution of the receiver's angular space and the received (or resolvable) paths. Specifically, the spatial channel characteristics may include, but are not limited to, the number of received paths relative to the total number of antennas of the receiver, the number of received paths relative to the total number of received beams, or the number of received paths relative to the total number of angular samples. The total number of angular samples may be expressed in the form of a sampling rate for the angle, as a product of the number of received paths.

[0167] As another example, spatial channel characteristics can be expressed as a ratio based on the total resolution and received power in the angular space of the receiver. Specifically, it can be expressed in the form of the number of antennas having received power above (or exceeding) a specific threshold relative to the total number of antennas of the receiver, the number of receiving beams having received power above (or exceeding) a specific threshold relative to the total number of receiving beams, or an angular range having received power above (or exceeding) a specific threshold relative to the entire range (e.g., -90° to 90°) based on the angular spectrum of the received signal.

[0168] Additionally, the area and interval for measuring the total resolution may include an area limited to the vicinity of the sensing area and the target object. For example, the area and / or interval may be represented as, but are not limited to, the number of some antennas and / or the number of components of a set, the number of some receiving beams and / or the number of components of a set, some angular sample area and / or the number of components of a set, or some angular spectrum interval(s) and / or intersection intervals. When a reference signal for measuring channel characteristics is set from the transmitter and / or SF, the receiver may receive information about the area and / or interval in advance.

[0169] According to one embodiment, the receiver can measure spatial channel characteristics for a sensing link between the transmitter and receiver in the time domain. For example, the spatial channel characteristics may be expressed as a ratio based on the total resolution in the time axis of the receiver and the number of paths received (or resolvable by the receiver). For example, it may be expressed in the form of, but is not limited to, the number of symbols and / or slots in which the sensing signal is received relative to the total slot and / or frame length, or the number of paths received relative to the number of time samples within the total symbols and / or slots. In this case, the number of samples may be expressed in the form of a sampling rate with respect to time, as a product of the number of paths received.

[0170] As another example, spatial channel characteristics can be expressed as a ratio based on the total resolution in the time axis of the receiver and the received power. Specifically, spatial channel characteristics can be expressed as a sample interval having received power above (or exceeding) a specific threshold relative to the total time interval based on the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and / or Power Delay Profile (PIR) of the received reference signal (or sensing signal), or as a total interval relative to the time domain having received power above (or exceeding) a specific threshold based on the delay spread spectrum of the received signal, or in the form of the number (and / or interval) of slots and symbols above (or exceeding) a specific threshold relative to the total length of the measurement interval (e.g., measurement gap (MG), PRS processing window) for receiving the reference signal.

[0171] Additionally, the area and interval for measuring the total resolution may include an area limited to the vicinity of the sensing area and the target object. For example, the area and / or interval may be represented in the form of a symbol, a slot, and / or part of the duration of the sensing signal, and / or an intersection interval of part, or a number of components of a part of a time sample area and / or set, some time spectrum interval(s) and / or an intersection interval. Additionally, when a reference signal for measuring channel characteristics is set from the transmitter and / or SF, the receiver may receive information about the area and / or interval in advance.

[0172] According to one embodiment, measurement(s) regarding channel characteristics in the angle and time domains may be reported from each receiver to the transmitter and / or SF. In this case, the reported form may be not the measurement(s) themselves, but the product of the value(s) measured in the angle and time domains, and may be reported as the ratio of the currently measured capacity to the total resolved capacity for distance and angle.

[0173] According to one embodiment, measurement(s) regarding spatial channel characteristics from the receiver's perspective may be extended to measurement(s) obtained by performing sensing. For example, in the delay time and / or Doppler domain, it may be defined as the ratio of the capacity currently being measured (or in use) (and / or number) to the maximum capacity (and / or number) distinguishable by the receiver.

[0174] According to one proposed embodiment, by measuring the spatial channel characteristics of the sensing link in the aforementioned angle and time domains, the capacity currently in use (or being measured) relative to the maximum senseable capacity of the receiver can be known, and the spare capacity of the receiver for distinguishing new paths formed by additional object(s) can be probabilistically represented.

[0175] Additionally, based on the aforementioned measurements, operations may be performed to select a new receiver for forming a sensing link, maintain a receiver performing an existing sensing operation, or switch to another receiver. For example, to select a receiver for forming a new sensing link, the SF and / or transmitter may select a receiver that is smaller than a preset threshold based on the measurement(s) reported by the receiver(s) and continue the sensing operation through the selected receiver.

[0176] Additionally, according to one proposed embodiment, in order to observe the predictive performance of the sensing link, the SF and / or transmitter may set a reference signal for measuring and reporting the aforementioned measurement(s) to the receiver(s) performing the sensing operation, either periodically or non-periodically. Additionally, the SF and / or transmitter may instruct and request a switching or change of the sensing operation based on the reported measurement(s). For example, the SF and / or transmitter may switch a receiver whose measurement value is greater than a preset threshold to another receiver (e.g., a receiver whose measurement value is smaller than a preset threshold). Additionally, if the measurement value for a specific angle interval and / or time interval is smaller than a preset threshold, the SF and / or transmitter may instruct and request that the existing sensing operation be continued. According to another embodiment, if the measurement value is greater than a preset threshold, the transmitter and receiver may instruct or request at least one of switching between the receiver and the transmitter, switching of the receiver beam, or switching of the transmitter beam. According to another embodiment, the transmitter and receiver may direct or request a wide bandwidth and / or narrow transmit / receive beam to increase sensing resolution when the measured value is greater than a preset threshold.

[0177] According to the proposed embodiments, based on measurements regarding spatial channel characteristics, a receiver with fewer paths than a receiver with many paths caused by surrounding objects (and / or scatterers) is selected, and by performing a sensing operation through the selected receiver, the probability of distinguishing between paths received reflected from multiple non-target objects and / or scatterers and paths received reflected from the target object can be increased, and the probability of interference between paths can be reduced. In addition, a receiver with almost no multipaths can expect improved detection performance for the target object (e.g., detection and false alarm probability) by increasing the possibility of distinguishing additional paths formed with the sudden appearance of a dangerous object in the sensing area.

[0178] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a network device according to a proposed embodiment.

[0179] A network device according to one embodiment may refer to a device that manages a sensing operation performed through a transmitting device and a receiving device in an ISAC system. According to an embodiment, the network device may correspond to the aforementioned SMF or SF.

[0180] Referring to FIG. 9, a network device according to one embodiment may set a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel to one or more devices (S900). At this time, the reference signal may include a reference signal separately set for measuring the characteristics of the sensing channel or a sensing signal (or reference signal) used in an already set sensing operation. For example, the reference signal separately set for measuring the characteristics of the sensing channel may be used in the process of determining a receiving device to perform a sensing operation by forming a new sensing link before the sensing link is formed, as described above. The sensing signal used in an already set sensing operation may be used for monitoring the already formed sensing link after the sensing link is formed. The aforementioned sensing link may refer to a path formed between a transmitting device, a target object, and a receiving device to perform sensing. Additionally, one or more devices may refer to candidate devices that can operate as receiving devices for performing actual sensing.

[0181] According to one embodiment, a network device may receive information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel measured based on a reference signal from one or more devices (S910). At this time, the characteristics of the sensing channel may include spatial characteristics of the sensing channel measured in at least one of an angular domain and a time domain, and the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may include information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity.

[0182] Based on the characteristics of the sensing channel being measured in the angle domain, the sensing capacity in use can be determined based on the number of sensing paths detected by one or more devices. In this case, the total resolvable sensing capacity can be determined based on the total number of antennas of one or more devices, the total number of received beams, or the total number of samples in the angle domain. That is, the total number of antennas of one or more devices, the total number of received beams, or the total number of samples in the angle domain can be used as an indicator representing the total resolvable sensing capacity. The total number of samples in the angle domain may refer to the number of angle samples (or beams) measurable by the receiving device in the angle domain, and may be expressed in the form of a sampling rate according to the embodiment. In this case, the characteristics of the sensing channel may be expressed in a form such as the ratio of the number of detected sensing paths to the total number of antennas, the ratio of the number of detected sensing paths to the number of received beams, or the ratio of the number of received paths to the total number of samples in the angle domain, but are not limited thereto.

[0183] Additionally, when the characteristics of the sensing channel are measured in the angle domain, according to the embodiment, the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on the received power of the reference signal. The received power of the reference signal may refer to the power of the reference signal received by each of one or more devices. For example, when the characteristics of the sensing channel are determined based on the received power of the reference signal, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of: i) the ratio of the number of antennas having received power above a specific threshold to the total number of antennas; ii) the ratio of the number of receiving beams having received power above a specific threshold to the total number of receiving beams; or iii) the ratio of the angle range having received power above a specific threshold to the total angle range based on the power spectrum according to the angle of the received reference signal. In this case, the power spectrum according to the angle may refer to the power distribution according to the angle of the reference signal received by each device, and the total angle range may include, for example, a range between -90 degrees and 90 degrees, but is not limited thereto.

[0184] According to one embodiment, the area and / or section related to the aforementioned resolvable total sensing capacity may refer to a limited range, such as a sensing area and / or section, or an area and / or section adjacent to a target object. In this case, the resolvable total sensing capacity may be determined based on, but is not limited to, the number of some of the total antennas, the number of some of the total receiving beams, or some angular sections of the power spectrum according to angle.

[0185] Additionally, when the characteristics of a sensing channel are measured in the time domain, the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on the received power of a reference signal. Specifically, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of the channel impulse response, power delay profile, or delay spread spectrum of the reference signal received by each device. The power delay profile represents the power distribution of the reference signal received by each device on the time delay axis. For example, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of the channel impulse response, power delay profile, or delay spread spectrum as the ratio of the time interval having received power greater than a specific threshold to the total time interval, but is not limited thereto.

[0186] Additionally, based on the fact that the characteristics of the sensing channel are measured in the time domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel can be determined based on the number of sensing paths detected by each device. Specifically, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel can be determined based on at least one of the ratio of the number of symbols or slots in which a reference signal is received to the total length of slots or frames receivable by each device, or the ratio of the number of received paths to the number of time samples within the total receivable symbols or slots. According to an embodiment, the number of time samples can be expressed in the form of a sampling rate over time, and the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel can be expressed in the form of the product of the sampling rate and the number of received paths.

[0187] As described above, the area and / or interval related to the total resolvable sensing capacity may refer to a limited range, such as a sensing area and / or interval, or an area and / or interval adjacent to a target object. For example, the total resolvable sensing capacity may include, but is not limited to, a symbol, a slot, or a portion of the time during which a reference signal is sustained, a portion of the time sample area, or a portion of the time spectrum. In this case, information regarding the said area and / or interval may be transmitted to each device when a reference signal is set for measuring the characteristics of the sensing channel.

[0188] Additionally, according to one embodiment, information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel may include a form obtained by multiplying values ​​measured in an angle domain and a time domain. For example, information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel may be expressed as the ratio of the currently used sensing capacity to the total resolvable sensing capacity with respect to the angle domain and the time domain.

[0189] A network device according to one embodiment may determine a receiving device for performing sensing among one or more devices based on information regarding the characteristics of a received sensing channel (S920). Specifically, the network device may obtain information regarding the extra sensing capacity of one or more devices based on information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel, and may determine a device among one or more devices that is determined to have an extra sensing capacity greater than a specific threshold based on the obtained information as a receiving device. According to the above, the network device may receive information regarding the currently used sensing capacity relative to the total sensing capacity for each device, and may obtain information regarding the extra sensing capacity for each device to distinguish a new path formed by additional object(s) based on the obtained information. Then, the network device may determine a device among one or more devices that has a larger extra sensing capacity as a receiving device (for performing actual sensing) based on the obtained information. Alternatively, the network device may determine a device among one or more devices that is determined to have an extra sensing capacity greater than a specific threshold (or greater than a specific threshold) as a receiving device. Additionally, according to the embodiment, the fact that the extra sensing capacity is greater than a specific threshold (or greater than a specific threshold) may include the fact that a value related to the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity is smaller than a specific threshold (or less than a specific threshold). Accordingly, the network device may determine, among one or more devices, the device in which the value related to the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity is smaller than a specific threshold (or less than a specific threshold) as the receiving device.

[0190] A network device according to one embodiment can transmit setting information for performing sensing to a determined receiving device (S930). Among one or more devices, the device determined as the receiving device for performing sensing receives setting information for performing sensing from the network device and can perform a sensing operation with a transmitting device based on the received setting information.

[0191] According to the proposed embodiments, among one or more devices capable of receiving a sensing signal, by performing a sensing operation through a device with a larger redundant sensing capacity, the ability to distinguish multiple paths can be improved and the detection performance for a target object can be improved.

[0192] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a network device according to a proposed embodiment.

[0193] Referring to FIG. 10, a network device according to one embodiment may include (1000), at least one transceiver (1010), at least one processor (1020) connected to at least one transceiver, and at least one memory (1030). At this time, the at least one memory (1030) may be configured to store instructions that cause the network device (1000) to perform specific operations when executed by at least one processor (1020). At this time, the operations performed by the network device (1000) may include setting a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel, receiving information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel measured based on the reference signal from one or more devices, determining a receiving device for performing sensing among one or more devices based on the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel, and transmitting setting information for performing sensing to the determined receiving device. In addition, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and among one or more devices, a device in which the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity satisfies a specific condition may be determined as the receiving device. In addition, the network device according to one embodiment may perform the operations of the network device described with reference to FIG. 9 and the aforementioned SF, in addition to the operations described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0194] Additionally, a processing device for a receiving device according to one embodiment may include at least one processor and at least one memory connected to at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations according to the above embodiments when executed by at least one processor.

[0195] Additionally, a non-transient computer-readable medium according to one embodiment may include instructions that perform operations according to the aforementioned embodiments when executed by at least one processor.

[0196] FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a receiving device according to a proposed embodiment.

[0197] Referring to FIG. 11, a receiving device according to one embodiment may receive setting information related to a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel (S1100). The receiving device may refer to an entity that receives a sensing signal in an ISAC system, and may be referred to by terms such as the aforementioned receiver or sensing receiver depending on the embodiment. The reference signal may include a reference signal separately set for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel, or a signal pre-set for a sensing operation. At this time, the setting information may be transmitted from a network device that manages the sensing operation.

[0198] A receiving device according to one embodiment can measure the characteristics of a sensing channel based on a reference signal (S1110). The characteristics of the sensing channel may refer to the spatial characteristics of the sensing channel measured in at least one of an angle domain and a time domain, and the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on a multipath formed by the reflection and / or scattering of the reference signal by one or more objects existing between the transmitting device and the receiving device. More specifically, the characteristics of the sensing channel may be expressed as the total sensing capacity resolvable by the receiving device and the currently used sensing capacity. For example, when the characteristics of the sensing channel are measured in the angle domain, the currently used sensing capacity may be determined based on the number of sensing paths detected by the receiving device, and the total sensing capacity resolvable by the receiving device may be determined based on the total number of antennas of the receiving device, the total number of receiving beams, or the total number of samples in the angle domain.

[0199] Additionally, the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on the power of a reference signal received by a receiving device. For example, when the characteristics of the sensing channel are measured in the angle domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of: i) the ratio of the number of antennas having received power above a specific threshold to the total number of antennas; ii) the ratio of the number of receiving beams having received power above a specific threshold to the total number of receiving beams; or iii) the ratio of the angle interval having received power above a specific threshold to the total angle interval, based on the power spectrum according to the angle of the received reference signal. Additionally, when the characteristics of the sensing channel are measured in the time domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of the channel impulse response, power delay profile, or delay spread spectrum of the reference signal received by the receiving device. In this case, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of the channel impulse response, power delay profile, or delay spread spectrum as the ratio of the time interval having received power greater than a specific threshold to the total time interval. Additionally, when the characteristics of the sensing channel are measured in the time domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel may be determined based on at least one of the ratio of the number of symbols or slots in which the reference signal is received to the length of the total receivable slot or frame, or the ratio of the number of received paths to the number of time samples within the total receivable symbol or slot.

[0200] A receiving device according to one embodiment may transmit information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel to a network device based on a measurement result (S1120), and may receive setting information for performing sensing based on the fact that the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel satisfies a specific condition. As described with reference to FIG. 9, the network device may receive information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel from one or more devices including a receiving device according to one embodiment. The network device may determine a device to perform actual sensing based on the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel received from one or more devices. More specifically, the network device may obtain information regarding the spare sensing capacity of one or more devices based on the information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel received from one or more devices, and may determine a device among one or more devices whose spare sensing capacity is determined to be greater than a specific threshold (or determined to be greater than a specific threshold) as the receiving device. Accordingly, information regarding the characteristics of a sensing channel transmitted by a receiving device according to one embodiment to a network device includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and if it is determined based on the ratio that the spare sensing capacity of the receiving device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold, the receiving device may be determined as a device for performing an actual sensing operation. The fact that the spare sensing capacity of the receiving device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold may include the value related to the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity being less than or equal to a specific threshold.

[0201] When a receiving device according to one embodiment is determined to be a device for performing actual sensing, the receiving device receives setting information for performing sensing from a network device and can perform sensing.

[0202] The proposed embodiments can be used in XR (Extended Reality) communication, V2X for autonomous vehicles, UAV / drone communication, smart factories / IoT, wearable BMI (Brain-machine Interface), and SaaS (Sensing-as-a-Service) / digital twins. For example, when used in XR communication, the radar tracks the movement of the head and upper body, and the beam is synchronized with the predicted line of sight direction to improve field-of-view alignment and minimize latency, thereby providing an immersive experience.

[0203] When used in V2X communication for autonomous vehicles, radar sensors mounted on the vehicle and the RSU (Road Side Unit) can jointly track moving objects. By predicting environmental changes based on the radar sensors and predictively performing handovers in consideration of these predicted changes, a communication environment with low latency and no interruptions can be provided even in high-speed moving situations.

[0204] In addition, when used in UAV / drone communication, altitude, direction, and speed can be tracked in real time, and by performing predictive beam sweeping, aerial coverage can be maintained while minimizing beam loss, making it suitable for THz band UAV links.

[0205] When used in smart factory / IIOT (Industrial Internet of Things) environments, radar sensors detect AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and metal obstacles, enabling beamforming and nulling that account for reflection. As a result, interference is eliminated, and stable real-time communication becomes possible in dense industrial environments.

[0206] When used in a wearable BMI, the radar sensor can detect the fine position of an implantable or wearable device with millimeter-level precision. Accordingly, by maintaining ultra-narrowband beam alignment, ultra-low power and high-reliability brain-network communication can be ensured.

[0207] When used in SaaS and digital twins, environmental radar data collected through radar sensors can be transmitted to an edge twin engine to generate a dynamic spatial map. In this case, for accurate spatial coherence, communication beams can be aligned with a real-time virtual map.

[0208] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present invention in a specific form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, it is possible to construct embodiments of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims, or that new claims may be included by amendment after filing.

[0209] In this document, embodiments of the present invention are described primarily with a focus on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is extended in the same or similar manner to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or between a base station and a relay. Specific operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node. That is, it is self-evident that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. Additionally, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), and Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS).

[0210] Embodiments according to the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of implementation by hardware, one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0211] In the case of implementation by firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc., that performs the functions or operations described above. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor by various means already known.

[0212] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0213] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. A method performed by a network device managing a sensing operation, Step of setting a reference signal to measure the characteristics of a sensing channel; A step of receiving information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel measured based on the above reference signal from one or more devices; Based on information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel, a step of determining a receiving device for performing sensing among the one or more devices; and The method includes the step of transmitting setting information for performing the above sensing to the determined receiving device; The information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and A method in which, among the above one or more devices, the device satisfying a specific condition for the ratio is determined as the receiving device.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the characteristics of the sensing channel include spatial characteristics of the sensing channel measured in at least one of an angle domain and a time domain.

3. In Paragraph 2, Based on the characteristics of the above sensing channel being measured in the angle domain, the sensing capacity in use is determined based on the number of sensing paths detected by the one or more devices, and A method in which the total resolvable sensing capacity is determined based on the total number of antennas of one or more devices, the total number of receiving beams, or the total number of samples in the angle domain.

4. In Paragraph 2, A method in which the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel are determined based on the received power of a reference signal.

5. In Paragraph 4, Based on the characteristics of the above sensing channel being measured in the above angle domain, A method in which information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel is determined based on at least one of: i) the ratio of the number of antennas having received power above a specific threshold to the total number of antennas; ii) the ratio of the number of receiving beams having received power above the specific threshold to the total number of receiving beams; or iii) the ratio of the angle interval having received power above the specific threshold to the total angle interval based on the power spectrum according to the angle of the received reference signal.

6. In Paragraph 4, A method in which, based on the characteristics of the sensing channel being measured in the time domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel is determined based on at least one of the channel impulse response, power delay profile, or delay spread spectrum of the reference signal received by the one or more devices.

7. In Paragraph 6, A method in which information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel is determined as the ratio of a time interval having a received power greater than or equal to a specific threshold relative to the entire time interval, based on at least one of the channel impulse response, the power delay profile, or the delay spread spectrum.

8. In Paragraph 2, A method in which, based on the characteristics of the sensing channel being measured in the time domain, information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel is determined based on at least one of the ratio of the number of symbols or slots in which the reference signal is received to the length of the entire slot or frame that is receivable, or the ratio of the number of received paths to the number of time samples within the entire receivable symbol or slot.

9. In claim 1, the above method is, The method further includes the step of obtaining information regarding the extra sensing capacity of one or more devices based on information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel. A method comprising the step of determining the receiving device, wherein, based on the acquired information, the device among the one or more devices determined to have an extra sensing capacity greater than or equal to a specific threshold is determined to be the receiving device.

10. In claim 1, the step of determining the receiving device is, A method comprising the step of determining, based on information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel, among the one or more devices, a device having a value related to the ratio of the used sensing capacity to the total resolvable sensing capacity below a specific threshold value as the receiving device.

11. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above reference signal includes a signal separately set to measure the characteristics of the sensing channel or a signal pre-set to perform the sensing.

12. In a network device for managing sensing operations, At least one transceiver; At least one processor connected to the above at least one transceiver; and It includes at least one memory configured to store instructions that cause the network device to perform operations when executed by at least the above processor; and the operations are, Set a reference signal to measure the characteristics of the sensing channel, and Information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel measured based on the above reference signal is received from one or more devices, and Based on information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel, a receiving device for performing sensing is determined among the above-mentioned one or more devices, and It includes operations for transmitting setting information for performing the above sensing to the determined receiving device, and The information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and A network device in which, among the above one or more devices, the device satisfying a specific condition for the ratio is determined as the receiving device.

13. In a non-transient computer-readable medium, It includes instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, and said operations, Set a reference signal to measure the characteristics of the sensing channel, and Information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel measured based on the above reference signal is received from one or more devices, and Based on information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel, a receiving device for performing sensing is determined among the above-mentioned one or more devices, and It includes operations for transmitting setting information for performing the above sensing to the determined receiving device, and The information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and Among the above one or more devices, at least one non-transient computer-readable medium recording medium in which the device satisfying a specific condition of the ratio is determined as the receiving device.

14. In a processing device for a network device that manages a sensing operation, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions connected to at least one processor and performing operations when executed by at least one processor, and said operations are, Set a reference signal to measure the characteristics of the sensing channel, and Information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel measured based on the above reference signal is received from one or more devices, and Based on information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel, a receiving device for performing sensing is determined among the above-mentioned one or more devices, and It includes operations for transmitting setting information for performing the above sensing to the determined receiving device, and The information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and A processing device in which, among the above one or more devices, the device satisfying a specific condition for the ratio is determined to be the receiving device.

15. A method performed by a receiving device that receives a sensing signal, A step of receiving setting information related to a reference signal for measuring the characteristics of a sensing channel; A step of measuring the characteristics of the sensing channel based on the above reference signal; Based on the above measurement results, a step of transmitting information regarding the characteristics of the sensing channel to a network device; and The method includes the step of receiving setting information for performing sensing from the network device based on the fact that information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel satisfies a specific condition; The information regarding the characteristics of the above-mentioned sensing channel includes information regarding the ratio of the sensing capacity in use to the total resolvable sensing capacity, and A method in which the receiving device is determined to perform the sensing based on the above ratio satisfying the above specific condition.

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