Orthopaedic structure for repairing or replacing teeth or dental implants

Abstract

The technical solution relates to the field of medicine and is intended for use in dentistry, and more particularly for the fabrication of technological structures for use in dental repair or replacement. An orthopaedic structure for repairing or replacing teeth or dental implants, designed to be securable to a tooth or dental implant, comprises a layer of zirconium dioxide or ceramic and a layer of dental veneer applied thereto, and has a variable thickness on its facial side, wherein the facial surface is comprised of facets which abut one another along their sides. The technical result of the claimed technical solution consists in an increase in the reliability of the orthopaedic structure.

Description

[0001] An orthopedic structure for restoration or prosthetics of teeth or dental implants

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The technical solution relates to the field of medicine and is intended for use in dentistry, in particular, for the manufacture of dental structures for restoration or prosthetics.

[0004] Prior art

[0005] A prior art solution consists of an artificial dental crown comprising outer and inner surfaces of a specified thickness. A monolithic protrusion made of the same material as the crown is formed on the inner surface of the crown and is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the tooth. The protrusion is shaped like an inlay, and its end, facing the tooth roots, is hemispherical. The walls of the inlay are parallel to each other or taper toward the roots relative to the tooth's longitudinal axis. Patent No. 151902, published April 20, 2015.

[0006] A diamond crown for forming tooth stumps from extracted molars is known. It comprises a shank and a working portion coated with diamond grit. The working portion of the crown is a hollow, regular cylinder with an internal diameter of 6 mm and a height along the inner wall of the crown of 6 mm. The lower edge of the working portion is beveled inward at a 45° angle and coated with diamond grit to a height of no more than 20% of the crown's inner wall. Russian Patent No. 191459, published August 6, 2019.

[0007] A dental crown is known consisting of a metal cap with an outer ceramic layer, designed for placement outside the natural crown of a tooth, and at least one metal projection on the occlusal surface. The projection is made of the same metal as the metal cap and is integrally attached to it. Russian Patent No. 90677, published January 20, 2010.

[0008] Disclosure of the solution

[0009] The objective of the stated technical solution is to create an orthopedic structure made from zirconium dioxide or ceramics, characterized by increased strength and a reflective effect.

[0010] The distinctive feature of the declared technical solution is, in particular, the execution of the vestibular surface of the orthopedic structure from edges connected to each other by their lateral sides.

[0011] The technical result of the claimed technical solution is manifested in increasing the reliability of the orthopedic structure.

[0012] Increased reliability is achieved, in particular, by increasing the strength of the orthopedic structure, due to the presence of ribs on its vestibular surface, which ensure a reduction in the resulting deformation forces, as well as the materials used to make its layers.

[0013] The technical result of the claimed technical solution also manifests itself in an increase in the ease of use of the orthopedic structure, due, in particular, to simplified care and the use of hard food.

[0014] The technical result is achieved by an orthopedic structure designed for attachment to a tooth or dental implant. It comprises a zirconium dioxide or ceramic layer and a dental glaze layer applied to it. The layer has a variable thickness on the vestibular side. The vestibular surface is composed of facets connected to each other at their lateral sides. A "rib" is defined as a connecting element between adjacent facets, raised relative to these facets. The rib can be either sharp or smooth.

[0015] The vestibular surface of an orthopedic structure designed for attachment to a tooth or dental implant is constructed from facets joined by their lateral sides. This ensures increased strength due to the stiffening ribs formed at the interfaces, which absorb loads from clenching the jaw, eating hard foods, and other external influences. This design increases the service life of the structure and enhances the protection of the tooth or dental implant by strengthening it. This is in contrast to the smooth, streamlined shape of a classic crown or veneer, which is susceptible to abrasion from the incisal edge (or occlusal surface) and microcracks on the vestibular surface after prolonged wear. The presence of facets alone improves the ease of biting into hard foods due to faster and easier penetration of the flat surface and ribs.Furthermore, the claimed design features reflective properties due to the refraction of light when it hits the edges of the vestibular surface. The orthopedic structure appears lighter and brighter, which also reduces the need for premature replacement due to loss of aesthetic appearance and the original color. Thus, the claimed solution allows for the creation of an orthopedic structure with a textured vestibular surface, increasing its reliability and improving its performance.

[0016] The physical and mechanical properties of these materials, when used in a prosthetic structure incorporating a zirconium dioxide or ceramic layer, ensures wear resistance, enhanced by the faceted vestibular surface. A layer of dental glaze is necessary for additional protection of the restoration, and most importantly, the faceted vestibular surface to which it is applied, from abrasion and minor scratches, which can occur in the areas where the facets meet and bear the greatest load.

[0017] The smooth lingual surface eliminates trauma to the tongue and surface friction from contact with the lower jaw, making the product more user-friendly and safer.

[0018] The minimum thickness of the prosthetic structure on the vestibular side is preferably 1-1.5 mm. If the prosthetic structure is designed with a faceted vestibular surface less than 1 mm thick, vulnerable areas may develop on its surface that are susceptible to deformation when external forces are applied to the adjacent ribs. Designing an prosthetic structure with a faceted vestibular surface with a minimum thickness greater than 1.5 mm may negatively impact the ease of use of the prosthetic structure due to a noticeable sensation of a foreign object in the oral cavity and excessive pressure on its walls.

[0019] An angle between the mating edges on the vestibular surface of 150-175 degrees is optimal for improving the reliability and ease of use of the orthopedic device. Edges mating at an angle of less than 150 degrees may result in an excessively protruding apex, which will cause discomfort when eating and performing hygiene procedures. Furthermore, an angle between the mating edges greater than 175 degrees may be insufficient to form a stiffening rib between them, which would improve the reliability of the product. Furthermore, the stated angle range characterizes the product's ability to reflect light from all viewing angles and its maximum brightness.

[0020] The presence of 6-50 facets on the vestibular surface is most preferable for maximizing the reliability of the orthopedic structure. Fewer than 6 facets may be insufficient to form the required rib system, while more than 50 facets may make the vestibular surface susceptible to chipping due to its microrelief. Furthermore, this design requires more thorough oral care of the orthopedic structure's surface, which reduces its performance properties.

[0021] Brief description of the drawings

[0022] The design of the dental crown is further explained using Figure 1, which shows an image of the finished orthopedic structure, and Figures 2-4, which show diagrams of the execution of the edges of the vestibular surface.

[0023] Implementation options

[0024] An orthopedic structure is a dental crown or veneer, used for prosthetics or restoration of a tooth or implant.

[0025] The orthopedic structure includes a layer of zirconium dioxide or ceramics, and a layer of dental glaze applied to it.

[0026] The vestibular surface of the orthopedic structure is made of facets, joined together by their lateral sides. The facets can be any polygonal shapes, joined to form a polyhedral figure. It is preferable to design the facets symmetrically relative to the vertical central axis of the structure to more evenly distribute the resulting loads, thereby increasing the wear resistance of the product. Due to the presence of facets on the vestibular surface of the orthopedic structure, since it is smooth on the side adjacent to the tooth, the structure is designed with a variable thickness on its vestibular side.

[0027] The lingual surface of the orthopedic structure is preferably made smooth.

[0028] The minimum thickness of the orthopedic structure on the vestibular side is preferably 1-1.5 mm. The central portion of the structure is preferably characterized by maximum thickness.

[0029] The angle between the adjacent faces is preferably 150-175 degrees.

[0030] The vestibular surface preferably includes 6-50 facets.

[0031] The stated orthopedic design can be manufactured as follows.

[0032] At the initial stage, orthopedic work is planned, intraoral scanning images are assessed, and digital and printed models of crowns or veneers (blanks) are produced, taking into account the parameters of the ground teeth or implants to be restored with the declared orthopedic structures.

[0033] Next, the blank is milled according to the finished model and, depending on the material from which the crown or veneer is made, sintering (when using zirconium dioxide) or baking (when using ceramics) is carried out.

[0034] The vestibular surface is faceted mechanically: the orthopedic structure is glued to the end of a metal mandrel (rod) and pressed against a rotating faceplate (diamond-coated disc), grinding it until a single flat surface is formed. The mandrel is then rotated and another section is ground. Repeating this process creates facets on the vestibular surface of the structure.

[0035] Next, the workpiece is checked on the model, checking for a tight fit on the ground tooth, the absence of defects, cracks, pores and other imperfections.

[0036] After the edges have been formed, the vestibular surface of the orthopedic structure is polished by replacing the grinding wheel with a polishing one.

[0037] Next, a dental glaze is applied to the resulting crown (veneer) and fixed in the oral cavity onto the corresponding tooth being restored.

[0038] Industrial applicability

[0039] This technical solution can be used in dentistry for the fabrication of dental structures such as crowns or veneers for restoration or prosthetics of teeth or dental implants. The figures, design description, and example of the manufacturing technology for the orthopedic structure presented do not exhaust the possible design options or limit the scope of the claimed technical solution in any way. Other design options and uses are possible within the scope of the claimed formula.

Claims

FORMULA 1. An orthopedic structure for the restoration or prosthetics of teeth or dental implants, designed with the possibility of fixation on a tooth or dental implant, including a layer of zirconium dioxide or ceramics, and a layer of dental glaze applied thereto, made with a variable thickness on the vestibular side, wherein its vestibular surface is made of faces connected to each other by their lateral sides.

2. An orthopedic structure according to item 1, characterized in that the lingual surface is made smooth.

3. An orthopedic structure according to item 1, characterized in that the minimum thickness on the vestibular side is 1-1.5 mm.

4. An orthopedic structure according to item 1, characterized in that the angle between the adjacent faces is 150-175 degrees.

5. An orthopedic structure according to item 1, characterized in that the vestibular surface includes 6-50 faces.

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