Methods for modulating glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives
By culturing tislelizumab-producing cells at controlled temperature and pH with manganese ions, the method effectively reduces mannose glycosylation to less than 3.0%, addressing the challenge of inconsistent glycosylation and enhancing antibody safety and efficacy.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIGENE GUANGZHOU BIOLOGICS MFG CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
Current methods struggle to consistently produce therapeutic antibodies like tislelizumab with reduced mannose glycosylation levels while maintaining efficacy and safety, leading to increased immunogenicity and faster blood clearance.
A method involving culturing host cells at specific temperature and pH conditions, supplemented with manganese ions, and adjusting culture temperature and pH over time to reduce mannose glycosylation to less than 3.0%, ensuring consistent glycosylation profiles across a population.
The method achieves a consistent reduction in mannose glycosylation by up to 12% relative to standard methods, maintaining antibody efficacy and safety, and reducing immunogenicity.
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Figure PCTCN2025143243-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025143243-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025143243-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
METHODS FOR MODULATING GLYCOSYLATION OF TISLELIZUMAB OR ITS DERIVATIVESBACKGROUND
[0001] The post-translational glycosylation profile of tislelizumab or its derivatives is highly important to their physiochemical properties and biological functions, such as half-life, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics. Thus, the glycosylation profile of tislelizumab or its derivatives must be closely monitored and / or regulated because even minor differences may have significant impacts on their efficacy and / or safety. In this regard, it is required by certain medical regulatory agencies to maintain the glycosylation profile of therapeutic antibodies (e.g., tislelizumab or its derivatives) similar or comparable to any developed biosimilars.
[0002] Among all sugar chain modifications in a glycosylation profile, high mannose content (e.g., high levels of mannose glycosylation) is understood to impact immunogenicity, solubility, and / or half-life of antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof in vivo. In particular, tislelizumab or its derivatives with a higher mannose glycosylation level have been observed to result in increased immunogenicity and faster blood clearance rate than counter parts with lower levels of mannose glycosylation.
[0003] Thus, there remains a need to modulate, especially decrease, the level of mannose glycosylation on therapeutic antibodies. Notwithstanding this need, significant challenges have been identified regarding reducing mannose glycosylation in antibodies. Mastrangeli et al., “The Formidable Challenge of Controlling High Mannose-Type N-Glycans in Therapeutic mAbs, ” Therapeutic Biomanufacturing, 38 (10) : P1154-1168 (Oct. 2020) . Thus, challenges remain in consistently producing antibodies with reduced mannose glycosylation at least in part due to the complex nature of the N-glycosylation pathway in eukaryotic cells, while also maintaining other characteristics of the produced antibody, such as efficacy and / or safety. Moreover, current methods to produce antibodies with reduced mannose glycosylation may not efficiently modify produced antibodies such that each antibody in the preparation has the same glycosylation profile.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present disclosure provides methods for producing tislelizumab or its derivatives, tislelizumab or its derivatives produced by such methods, tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation, and tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising a mannose glycosylation level of less than about 3.0%.
[0005] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation comprising: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and (b) after a period of time, reducing the culture temperature and / or the culture pH, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation comprising: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5, with or without feed medium, wherein the basal medium and / or feed medium is supplemented with manganese ion, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0007] In some embodiments, the basal medium is supplemented with manganese ions.
[0008] In some embodiments, the methods further comprise adding a feed medium to the culture, optionally wherein the feed medium is supplemented with manganese ions.
[0009] In some embodiments, the method further comprises (b) after a period of time, reducing culture temperature and / or culture pH.
[0010] In some embodiments, the reduced mannose glycosylation is reduced relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0011] In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0012] In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 12%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0013] In some embodiments, the culture is supplemented with manganese ion to the extent the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives can be reduced to a desirable level, preferably wherein a desirable level is less than about 3.0%.
[0014] In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 1 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 30 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 40 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 60 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 400 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 300 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 200 nM. In some embodiments, the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 100 nM.
[0015] In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium of the culture. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in both the basal medium and feed medium of the culture.
[0016] In some embodiments, the manganese ions are added in the form of a powder or liquid solution of divalent manganese salt. In some embodiments, the divalent manganese salt is selected from the group consisting of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, hydrated salts thereof, and any combination thereof.
[0017] In some embodiments, the period of time in step (b) is about 3 days to about 7 days. In some embodiments, the period of time in step (b) is about 4 days to about 6 days. In some embodiments, the period of time in step (b) is about 5 days.
[0018] In some embodiments, in step (a) the culture temperature is about 36.5℃.
[0019] In some embodiments, in step (b) the culture temperature is reduced by about 0.1℃ to about 7℃.
[0020] In some embodiments, in step (a) the culture pH is a pH of about 6.7 to about 7.4.
[0021] In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 1.0, or about 0.1 to about 0.5.
[0022] In some embodiments, in step (a) the culture pH is a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH to about 6.9±0.1.
[0023] In some embodiments, the host cell comprises a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell, a Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cell, or a mouse myeloma cell NS0.
[0024] In some embodiments, methods of the present disclosure further comprise adding a feed medium to the culture. In some embodiments, the feed medium is added at more than one time point during the culture method by fed-batch. In some embodiments, the feed medium is added continuously during the culture by perfusion. In some embodiments, the feed medium is added at a range of about 0.1%of initial culture volume per day up to about 5%of initial culture volume per day.
[0025] In some embodiments, the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives has a mannose glycosylation level of less than about 3.0%.
[0026] In some embodiments, reducing the culture pH comprises manual or automatic pH adjustment.
[0027] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising a mannose glycosylation level of less than about 3.0%, wherein tislelizumab or its derivatives comprises: (a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and (b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, tislelizumab and its derivatives comprises: (a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 97%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and (b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 97%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, tislelizumab and its derivatives comprises: (a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 98%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and (b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 98%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, tislelizumab and its derivatives comprises: (a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and (b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, tislelizumab and its derivatives comprises: (a) a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; and (b) a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0028] In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives was produced according to a method comprising: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and (b) after a period of time, reducing the culture temperature and the culture pH, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives having reduced mannose glycosylation. In some embodiments, wherein tislelizumab or its derivatives was produced according to a method further comprising supplementing the culture with manganese ion to the extent the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives can be reduced to a desirable level, preferably wherein the desirable level is less than about 3.0%.
[0029] Both the foregoing summary and the following brief description of the drawings and detailed description are exemplary and explanatory. They are intended to provide further details of the invention but are not to be construed as limiting. Other objects, advantages, and novel features will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] FIGs. 1A-1B show cell density curves of two pH conditions during cell culture (FIG. 1A) and cell viability curves of two pH conditions during cell culture (FIG. 1B) .
[0031] FIGs. 2A-2B show cell density curves of three temperature conditions during cell culture (FIG. 2A) and cell viability curves of three temperature conditions during cell culture (FIG. 2B) .
[0032] FIGs. 3A-3B show the cell density curves (FIG. 3A) and cell viability curves (FIG. 3B) when both pH and temperature were shifted during cell culture.
[0033] FIGs. 4A-4B show the cell density curves (FIG. 4A) and cell viability curves (FIG. B) of different MnCl2 concentrations in basal medium during cell culture.
[0034] FIGs. 5A-5C show cell density of cells cultured in three different groups of commercially available basal and feed media, wherein the basal medium was supplemented with varying concentrations of manganese chloride.
[0035] FIGs. 6A-6C show cell viability of cells cultured in three different groups of commercially available basal and feed media, therein when basal medium was supplemented with varying concentrations of manganese chloride.
[0036] FIG. 7 shows results indicating that the percentage of mannose glycosylation of the produced antibody decreased as the concentration of MnCl2 supplemented in the basal medium increased.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONI. Overview
[0037] The present disclosure is directed to the surprising and unexpected ability to efficiently produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation, wherein the reduced mannose glycosylation level is less than about 3.0%and / or wherein the tislelizumab or its derivatives produced have a similar mannose glycosylation profile (e.g., to one another within a single population and / or from one population of tislelizumab or its derivatives to another) .
[0038] In particular, the present disclosure provides methods for producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation, tislelizumab or its derivatives produced by such methods, and tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising a mannose glycosylation level of less than about 3.0%.
[0039] In another aspect, a population of tislelizumab or its derivatives produced by the methods described herein have a similar mannose glycosylation profile. For example, a population of tislelizumab or its derivatives produced by an exemplary method (e.g., all parameters used to make the tislelizumab or its derivatives are the same) can have a mannose glycosylation level which does not vary by more than about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%or 5.0%, as measured by a pharmaceutically acceptable technique.
[0040] Experimental Data: As detailed in the Examples below, parameters impacting the mannose glycosylation percentage of tislelizumab or its derivatives have been characterized. Specifically, Example 2 demonstrates that proper pH shift in cell culture process can decrease the percentage of mannose glycosylation. Example 3 demonstrates that shifting the temperature to a lower set point at a certain time point in the cell culture process can decrease the percentage of mannose glycosylation. Example 4 demonstrates that decreasing the temperature to a lower set point in the cell culture process, combined with a pH shift (lowering) in the cell culture process, can decrease the percentage of mannose glycosylation. Examples 5 and 6 demonstrate that increasing the manganese ion concentration in the basal medium resulted in a decreased mannose glycosylation level. II. Tislelizumab Or Its Derivatives Comprising Reduced Mannose Glycosylation Levels A. Tislelizumab and its derivatives
[0041] “BGB-A317” is an anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody by BeiGene, of which Tislelizumab was designated and published as its International Nonproprietary Name for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN) in Recommended INN : List 79 (rl79) , WHO Drug Information, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2018, wherein the amino acid sequence of BGB-A317 is provided (Table 1) . In the context of this invention, BGB-A317 or tislelizumab refers to proteins with same primary amino acid sequence of heavy chain and light chain, regardless of whether they have any other structural differences, such as modifications to amino acids, differences in post-translational modifications, and / or higher order structure difference (protein folding and protein-protein interactions) .
[0042] Derivatives of tislelizumab includes proteins comprising: a) minor modifications such as N-or C-terminal truncations of the heavy chain and / or light chain of tislelizumab that are not expected to change the product performance; b) heavy chains and light chains comprising amino acid sequences at least 96%identical to those of tislelizumab; c) modifications to amino acids of the heavy chain and / or light chain of tislelizumab, such as sugar moieties (glycosylation) or other side chains, enzymatic posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, and / or other potential variations, such as protein deamidation and oxidation; and / or d) difference of higher order structure (protein folding and protein-protein interactions) from that of tislelizumab.
[0043] Derivatives of Tislelizumab can be made from the same or different types of sources. Typically, derivatives of tislelizumab are made from CHO cell lines.
[0044] As an active molecule of any biological medication, the term A317 or tislelizumab or BGB-A317, and its derivatives, encompasses a group of proteins containing allowable impurity of fragments of proteins by regulatory authorities.
[0045] BGB-A317 or tislelizumab is also used to mean a biological product with BGB-A317 or tislelizumab as active ingredient in the context of this invention when applicable. Accordingly, the derivatives of Tislelizumab are also used to mean or include biological products that have same core name with originator Tislelizumab product under the naming convention guided by FDA for biological products licensed under the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act) or similar regulatory authorities in different countries or regions for biological products licensed under corresponding laws or regulations, including a related biological product, a biosimilar product, or an interchangeable product of the originator Tislelizumab product.
[0046] To clarify, derivatives used herein does not necessarily mean that they must be physically, chemically or conceptually derived from BGB-A317 or Tislelizumab. All the proteins similar to Tislelizumab as defined in a) –d) above are encompassed in the scope of Derivatives of tislelizumab, no matter how they are designed, generated or manufactured. B. Mannose Glycosylation
[0047] As used herein, “reference” describes a standard or control relative to which a comparison is performed. For example, in some embodiments, an agent, animal, individual, population, sample, sequence or value of interest is compared with a reference or control agent, animal, individual, population, sample, sequence, or value. In some embodiments, a reference or control is tested and / or determined substantially simultaneously with the testing or determination of interest. In some embodiments, a reference or control is a historical reference or control, optionally embodied in a tangible medium. In some embodiments, a reference or control comprises a comparable antibody (e.g., tislelizumab or its derivatives) to that produced by a method described herein, e.g., without reduced mannose glycosylation. Such a reference or control antibody may be produced by a “reference method. ” Typically, as would be understood by those skilled in the art, a reference or control is determined or characterized under comparable conditions or circumstances to those under assessment. Those skilled in the art will appreciate when sufficient similarities are present to justify reliance on and / or comparison to a particular possible reference or control.
[0048] As used herein, a “reference method” refers to a method of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives that does not comprise one or more of: (i) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a culture supplemented with manganese ions; (ii) after a period of time, reducing the culture temperature; and (iii) after a period of time, reducing the cell culture pH. In some embodiments, a “reference method” does not produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation (e.g., the tislelizumab or its derivatives has a mannose glycosylation level of more than about 3.0%) .
[0049] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising reduced mannose glycosylation. In some embodiments, the reduced mannose glycosylation is reduced relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 12%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.2%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.3%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.4%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.5%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.6%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.7%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.8%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.9%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 2%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 3%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 4%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 5%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 6%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 7%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 8%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 9%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 10%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 11%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 12%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0050] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising a mannose glycosylation level of less than about 3.0%, less than about 2.9%, less than about 2.8%, less than about 2.7%, less than about 2.6%, less than about 2.5%, less than about 2.4%, less than about 2.3%, less than about 2.2%, less than about 2.1%, less than about 2.0%, less than about 1.9%, less than about 1.8%, less than about 1.7%, less than about 1.6%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1.4%, less than about 1.3%, less than about 1.2%, less than about 1.1%, less than about 1.0%, less than about 0.9%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.7%, less than about 0.6%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.4%, less than about 0.3%, less than about 0.2%, or less than about 0.1%.
[0051] In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives produced in accordance with methods of the present disclosure comprises an Fc region containing an N-glycan glycosylation site. In some embodiments, the N-glycan glycosylation site is at Fc region Asn295. For example, Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) has its N-glycan glycosylation site at Fc region Asn295.
[0052] In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives of the present disclosure was produced according to methods described herein. In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives of the present disclosure was produced according to a method comprising: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about37℃, wherein the basal medium has a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and (b) after a period of time, reducing the culture temperature and the cell culture pH, to produce the tislelizumab or its derivatives having reduced mannose glycosylation. In some such embodiments, the method further comprises supplementing the culture with manganese ions to the extent the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives can be reduced to a desirable level, preferably wherein the desirable level is less than about 3.0%. C. Characterization of tislelizumab or its derivatives
[0053] The present disclosure provides technologies for characterizing tislelizumab or its derivatives described herein and / or tislelizumab or its derivatives produced according to the methods of the present disclosure. Characterization may include, for example, assessment of one or more of glycan analysis (e.g., determining the level of mannose glycosylation) , efficacy, pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics, and / or safety.
[0054] The glycosylation profile of tislelizumab or its derivatives of the present disclosure can be assessed by glycan analysis. Glycan analysis of a glycoprotein (e.g., an antibody) provides information on the primary structure of the oligosaccharide modifications, as well as their variation at individual glycosylation sites and can be achieved through a number of different analytical approaches. Among the available analytical methods for glycan analysis, a common approach is to release the glycans from the polypeptide of interest by hydrolyzing the side-chain amide group of the asparagine residue of the protein by treating the analyte with Peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) enzyme. The released glycans then can be tested by different approaches, such as hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) , CE or high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) , described in Pharmacopoeia, e.g. Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020, USP NF 212. Each glycan type percentage is calculated as the peak area of certain glycan type divided by the total peak area of glycan types in chromatogram.
[0055] Efficacy of tislelizumab or its derivatives of the present disclosure can be assessed. To characterize efficacy, for example, tislelizumab or its derivatives as described herein is administered to a subject (e.g., a mouse, non-human primate, human, etc. ) and efficacy is determined in comparison to an appropriate reference standard. An appropriate reference standard can be, for example, an anti-PD-1antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof without reduced mannose glycosylation, such as tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0056] In some embodiments, efficacy is determined pre-clinically in an animal model (e.g., mice, rats, non-human primates, etc. ) . A pre-clinical animal model may include an animal model with a tumor (e.g., an animal model of cancer) . In such embodiments, an animal model of cancer is administered tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising reduced mannose glycosylation as described herein or a reference standard, such as tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. A variety of available, pre-determined measurements for efficacy are known in the art and include, for example, tumor volume and / or percent survival relative to the appropriate reference standard.
[0057] In some embodiments, efficacy of tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising reduced mannose glycosylation as described herein is determined clinically. In such embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising reduced mannose glycosylation as described herein is administered to a subject with a tumor (e.g., cancer) . A variety of available, pre-determined measurements for efficacy are known in the art and include, for example, tumor volume and / or percent survival relative to a subject with a tumor administered a reference standard (e.g., a treatment in the art of known efficacy and / or placebo, tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method) .
[0058] The pharmacokinetic and / or pharmacodynamics of tislelizumab or its derivatives of the present disclosure can be assessed. Methods for assessing the pharmacokinetic and / or pharmacodynamic properties of tislelizumab or its derivatives known in the art may be utilized, including in pre-clinical models and / or clinically. For example, following administration of tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising reduced mannose glycosylation (e.g., as described herein) to a subject, one or more blood samples (e.g., collected over a period of time) can be obtained. Subsequently, the blood sample can be assessed for the amount of tislelizumab or its derivatives present. Such measurements can be conducted using, for example, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) , HPLC, or mass spectrometry.
[0059] The safety of tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising reduced mannose glycosylation (e.g., as described herein) can be assessed. To characterize safety, for example, tislelizumab or its derivatives as described herein is administered to a subject (e.g., a mouse, non-human primate, human, etc. ) and safety is determined in comparison to an appropriate reference standard. An appropriate reference standard can be, for example, tislelizumab or its derivatives without reduced mannose glycosylation, such as tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. A variety of available, pre-determined measurements for safety are known in the art and include, for example, the number and / or severity of adverse events associated with administration of tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising reduced mannose glycosylation. D. Produced or Resultant Antibodies or Antigen-Binding Fragments Thereof
[0060] Methods of the present disclosure produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation. In some embodiments, the resultant (e.g., produced) tislelizumab or its derivatives has a mannose glycosylation of less than about 3.0%, less than about 2.9%, less than about 2.8%, less than about 2.7%, less than about 2.6%, less than about 2.5%, less than about 2.4%, less than about 2.3%, less than about 2.2%, less than about 2.1%, less than about 2.0%, less than about 1.9%, less than about 1.8%, less than about 1.7%, less than about 1.6%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1.4%, less than about 1.3%, less than about 1.2%, less than about 1.1%, less than about 1.0%, less than about 0.9%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.7%, less than about 0.6%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.4%, less than about 0.3%, less than about 0.2%, or less than about 0.1%.
[0061] The resultant (e.g., produced) tislelizumab or its derivatives from methods of the present disclosure comprises tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation (e.g., relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method) .
[0062] In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives produced in accordance with methods of the present disclosure comprises an Fc region containing an N-glycan glycosylation site. In some embodiments, the N-glycan glycosylation site is at Fc region Asn295. For example, Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) has its N-glycan glycosylation site at Fc region Asn295.
[0063] The core structure of the Fc glycan molecule is a complex biantennary type ‘pentasaccharide’ molecule comprising mannose (Man) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues, and different glycoforms may contain varying numbers of additional molecules, such as fucose (Fuc) , Man, GlcNAc, galactose (Gal) , bisecting GlcNAc, and sialic acid (Sia) . The variability in the length of a glycan, branching pattern, and monosaccharide sequence results in structural complexity of the glycan molecule, each of which is named by N-glycan abbreviations. Tislelizumab has A2FG0, Man5, A2FG1, A2FG2, A2FG1S1 and A2FG2S2 glycosylation profile. Man5 is a glycan pattern with only five mannose molecules at the end of antennary without other monosaccharide molecules. Man5 is one of the Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) peaks.
[0064] In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 3%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 2.9%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 2.8%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 2.7%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 2.6%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 2.5%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 2.0%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 1.5%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 1.0%. In some embodiments, Man5 content of the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives is less than about 0.5%. III. Methods of Producing Tislelizumab Or Its Derivatives With Reduced Mannose Glycosylation
[0065] The present disclosure provides methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0066] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation comprising: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and (b) after a period of time, decreasing the culture temperature and / or the culture pH, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation. In some embodiments, the basal medium is supplemented with manganese ions. In some embodiments, the method further comprises adding a feed medium to the culture, optionally wherein the feed medium is supplemented with manganese ions.
[0067] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation comprising: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5, with or without feed media, wherein the basal medium and / or feed media is supplemented with manganese ion, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises (b) after a period of time, reducing culture temperature and / or culture pH.
[0068] In some embodiments, the culture temperature in step (a) is about 35℃ to about 37℃, about 35℃ to about 36.5℃, about 35℃ to about 36℃, about 35℃ to about 35.5℃, about 35.5℃ to about 37℃, about 35.5℃ to about 36.5℃, about 35.5℃ to about 36℃, about 36℃ to about 37℃, about 36℃ to about 36.5℃, or about 36.5℃ to about 37℃.
[0069] In some embodiments, the culture temperature in step (a) is about 35℃, about 35.5℃, about 36℃, about 36.5℃, or about 37℃. In some embodiments, the culture temperature in step (a) is about 36.5℃.
[0070] In some embodiments, in step (a) the culture pH is a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 7.4, about 6.5 to about 7.3, about 6.5 to about 7.2, about 6.5 to about 7.1, about 6.5 to about 7.0, about 6.6 to about 7.5, about 6.6 to about 7.4, about 6.6 to about 7.3, about 6.6 to about 7.2, about 6.6 to about 7.1, about 6.6 to about 7.0, about 6.7 to about 7.5, about 6.7 to about 7.4, about 6.7 to about 7.3, about 6.7 to about 7.2, about 6.7 to about 7.1, about 6.7 to about 7.0, about 6.8 to about 7.5, about 6.8 to about 7.4, about 6.8 to about 7.3, about 6.8 to about 7.2, about 6.8 to about 7.1, about 6.8 to about 7.0, about 6.9 to about 7.5, about 6.9 to about 7.4, about 6.9 to about 7.3, about 6.9 to about 7.2, about 6.9 to about 7.1, or about 6.9 to about 7.0.
[0071] In some embodiments, in step (a) the culture pH is a pH of about 6.5, about 6.6, about 6.7, about 6.8, about 6.9, about 7.0, about 7.1, about 7.2, about 7.3, about 7.4, or about 7.5.
[0072] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation, wherein the methods comprise, after a period of time, reducing the culture temperature and / or the culture pH.
[0073] In some embodiments, the period of time (e.g., in step (b) of methods of the present disclosure) is about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 6 days, about 3 days to about 5 days, about 3 days to about 4 days, about 4 days to about 7 days, about 4 days to about 6 days, about 4 days to about 5 days, about 5 days to about 7 days, about 5 days to about 6 days, or about 6 days to about 7 days.
[0074] In some embodiments, the period of time in step (b) is about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, or about 7 days.
[0075] In some embodiments, in step (b) the culture temperature is reduced by about 0.05℃to about 7℃, about 0.5℃ to about 7℃, about 1℃ to about 7℃, about 2℃ to about 7℃, about 3℃ to about 7℃, about 4℃ to about 7℃, about 5℃ to about 7℃, about 6℃ to about 7℃, about 0.05℃ to about 6℃, about 0.5℃ to about 6℃, about 1℃ to about 6℃, about 2℃ to about 6℃, about 3℃ to about 6℃, about 4℃ to about 6℃, about 5℃ to about 6℃, about 0.05℃ to about 5℃, about 0.5℃ to about 5℃, about 1℃ to about 5℃, about 2℃ to about 5℃, about 3℃ to about 5℃, about 4℃ to about 5℃, about 0.05℃ to about 4℃, about 0.5℃ to about 4℃, about 1℃ to about 4℃, about 2℃ to about 4℃, about 3℃ to about 4℃, about 0.05℃ to about 3℃, about 0.5℃ to about 3℃, about 1℃ to about 3℃, about 2℃ to about 3℃, about 0.05℃ to about 2℃, about 0.5℃ to about 2℃, about 1℃ to about 2℃, about 0.05℃ to about 1℃ or about 0.5℃ to about 1℃.
[0076] In some embodiments, in step (b) the culture temperature is reduced by about 0.05℃, about 0.1℃, about 0.2℃, about 0.5℃, about 1℃, about 1.5℃, about 2℃, about 2.5℃, about 3℃, about 3.5℃, about 4℃, about 4.5℃, about 5℃, about 5.5℃, about 6℃, about 6.5℃, or about 7℃.
[0077] In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 1.0. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.9. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.8. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.7. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.6. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.5. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.4. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.3. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 0.2. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.9. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.8. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.7. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.6. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.5. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.4. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.3. In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.1 to about 0.2.
[0078] In some embodiments, step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05, about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, about 0.9, or about 1.0.
[0079] In some embodiments, in step (a) the culture pH is a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH to about 6.9±0.1.
[0080] In some embodiments, methods of the present disclosure produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation, wherein the reduced mannose glycosylation is reduced relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0081] In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, or 12%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.2%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.3%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.4%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.5%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.6%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.7%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.8%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.9%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 2%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 3%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 4%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 5%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 6%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 7%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 8%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 9%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 10%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 11%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 12%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0082] In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 12%, about 0.1%to about 11%, about 0.1%to about 10%, about 0.1%to about 9%, about 0.1%to about 8%, about 0.1%to about 7%, about 0.1%to about 6%, about 0.1%to about 5%, about 0.1%to about 4%, about 0.1%to about 3%, about 0.1%to about 2%, or about 0.1%to about 1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 12%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 11%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 10%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 9%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 8%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 7%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 6%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 5%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 4%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 3%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 2%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method. In some embodiments, the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.
[0083] The methods (e.g., “culture methods” ) of the present disclosure may be conducted using fed-batch or perfusion (also referred to as “continuous batch” ) culture methods.
[0084] The growth curve of a culture method can typically be divided into several distinct phases. During the initial lag phase, host cell growth is slow while host cells are adapting to their new environment inside the culture vessel (e.g., bioreactor) . During the exponential growth (or log) phase, host cell division continues at a constant rate. Once nutrients are depleted and culture by-products accumulate (e.g., toxic metabolites) , host cell growth starts to slow down, and the culture enters the stationary growth phase. Typically, harvesting of the culture and product (e.g., produced antibodies) occurs at this time. The culture then enters the death phase which is usually characterized by a steep decline in viable cell density. The duration of the exponential and stationary phases can differ in fed-batch and perfusion methods. See, e.g., Suttle et al., Application Note No. 456, Eppendorf. Usually, the standard time in culture for CHO cells is 15 days, however it could also vary to be longer or shorter according to different culture conditions.
[0085] During fed-batch culture methods, feed medium or feed media is added to the culture to keep the concentration of nutrients present generally constant. Typically, the culture vessel (e.g., bioreactor) is inoculated at a lower working volume (e.g., the minimum working volume of the vessel) and is grown with basal media for a duration of time until certain pre-determined criteria are met (e.g., when glucose or amnio acids has been depleted and / or there is an accumulation of culture by-products) . At this time point, feed medium or feed media is added to the culture. Addition of feed medium or feed media may be repeated over the course of the culture method to continue to adjust nutrient level as cell growth continues. See, e.g., Suttle et al., Application Note No. 456, Eppendorf.
[0086] During a perfusion culture, a continuous exchange of media occurs. Like in fed-batch cultures, feed medium or feed media is added to the culture to replace depleted nutrients throughout the culture method. However, such feed medium or feed media is added continuously to the culture and used media with by-products (e.g., basal media, basal media wherein feed medium or feed media had been added) is collected and removed from the culture. Typically, the removal used medium (also referred to as “spent” medium) and the addition of feed medium or feed media occur at the same rate to allow the culture volume in the bioreactor to remain constant. See, e.g., Suttle et al., Application Note No. 456, Eppendorf.
[0087] In some embodiments, methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation of the present disclosure (the “culture method” ) further comprises adding a feed medium or several different feed media to the culture. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is added at more than one time point during the culture method by fed-batch. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is added at two time points during the culture method. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is added at three time points during the culture method. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is added continuously during the culture by perfusion. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is added at a range of about 0.1%of initial culture volume per day up to about 5%of initial culture volume per day (e.g., 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) . Such addition of feed medium or feed media (e.g., by fed-batch or perfusion methods) can be utilized to adjust (e.g., reduce or increase) one or more of (i) the concentration of manganese ions in the culture; (ii) the culture temperature; and (iii) the culture pH. The time points and / or frequency in which feed medium or feed media is added to the culture may depend on, for example, the particular host cell utilized, the rate at which nutrients are being depleted, and / or additional factors.
[0088] In some embodiments, at a first time point feed medium is added in feed1 at about 2%of initial culture volume per day and feed2 at about 0.2%of initial culture volume per day. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2 or Day 3 of the culture method (e.g., wherein Day 0 of the culture method is the day the host cells are inoculated; Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 are wherein the host cells have been in culture for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively) . In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2 and Day 3 of the culture method.
[0089] In some embodiments, at a second time point feed medium is added in feed1 at about 3%of initial culture volume per day and feed2 at about 0.3%of initial culture volume per day. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 4 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 5 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 6 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 7 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 8 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 9 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a second time point is Day 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the culture method.
[0090] In some embodiments, at a third time point feed medium is added in feed1 at about 2%of initial culture volume per day and feed2 at about 0.2%of initial culture volume per day. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 of the culture method (e.g., wherein Day 0 of the culture method is the day the host cells are inoculated; Day 10 is wherein the host cells have been in culture for 240 hours) . In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 10 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 11 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 12 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 13 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 14 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 15 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a third time point is Day 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the culture method.
[0091] In some embodiments, at a first time point feed medium is added in feed1 at about 4%of initial culture volume per day and feed2 at about 0.4%of initial culture volume per day. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 4 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 6 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 8 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 10 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 12 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 14 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of the culture method.
[0092] In some embodiments, at a first time point feed medium is added in feed1 at about 5%of initial culture volume per day. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 4 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 6 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 8 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 10 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 12 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 14 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of the culture method.
[0093] In some embodiments, at a first time point feed medium is added in feed1 at about 4%of initial culture volume per day. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 4 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 6 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 8 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 10 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 12 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 14 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 of the culture method. In some embodiments, a first time point is Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of the culture method.
[0094] In some embodiments, the feed medium of feed1 and the feed medium of feed2 are the same feed medium. In some embodiments, the feed medium of feed1 and the feed medium of feed2 are different feed medium. In some embodiments, the feed medium utilized at one time point is the same feed medium utilized at a different time point. In some embodiments, the feed medium utilized at one time point is a different feed medium than that utilized at a different time point.
[0095] In some embodiments, methods of the present disclosure further comprise adding glucose to culture of host cells expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives. In some embodiments, glucose is added to the culture of host cells when the glucose level of lower than 3 g / L. In some embodiments, glucose is added to the culture of host cells such that the glucose level in the culture is about 4-7 g / L. In some embodiments, glucose is added to the culture of host cells such that the glucose level in the culture is about 4-6 g / L, about 4-5 g / L, about 5-7 g / L, or about 6-7 g / L. In some embodiments, glucose is added to the culture of host cells such that the glucose level in the culture is about 4 g / L, about 5 g / L, about 6 g / L, or about 7 g / L. Glucose can also be added to the culture by fed-batch or perfusion methods and the time points and / or frequency in which glucose is added to the culture may depend on, for example the particular host cell utilized, the rate at which nutrients are being depleted, and / or additional factors.
[0096] Methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation of the present disclosure can further comprise harvesting the produced tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation. Harvesting the produced tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation can be conducted on a certain day of the culture method, when the viability of the host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives is at a certain level of viability, and / or when the host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives has grown to a certain degree. Such parameters may be achieved at different time point in the culture depending on, for example, the particular host cell utilized.
[0097] Any method of harvesting the produced tislelizumab or its derivatives known in the art may be utilized. Such methods may include, for example, centrifugation and / or filtration.
[0098] In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives are harvested according to the cell line and the culture method used, for example, for CHO cell line fed-batch culture usually between Day 10 and Day 17 of the culture method (e.g., wherein Day 0 of the culture method is the day the host cells are inoculated) , for example, on Day 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, especially on Day 14 of culture.
[0099] In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives are harvested when viability is between about 50%and about 90%. In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives are harvested when viability is less than or equal to about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, tislelizumab or its derivatives are harvested when viability is less than about 60%.
[0100] Any method of measuring viability known in the art may be utilized. Such methods may include, for example, Trypan blue dyeing, tetrazolium reduction, resazurin reduction, protease markers, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection. A. Cell Culture
[0101] As used herein, the term “cell culture” or “culture” or “culture method” refers to the maintenance, growth, and / or continued viability of cells (e.g., host cells, such as host cells expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in an in vitro environment. As will be apparent by context, the term “culture” or “cell culture” can also collectively refer to the contents of the culture vessel, such as the basal medium, host cells, and any added feed medium. The cells (e.g., host cells) may be cultured in a two-dimensional culture or a three-dimensional culture.
[0102] As used herein, the term “day” in the context of a culture method described herein refers to a particular day of the culture method. Day 0 of the culture method is the day the host cells are inoculated, Day x is wherein the host cells have been in culture for 24x hours. For example, Day 1 is wherein the host cells have been in culture for 24 hours; Day 4 is wherein the host cells have been in culture for 96 hours, and so on.
[0103] In some embodiments, the basal medium can be inoculated at any suitable cell density according to the cell line and culture medium used.
[0104] In some embodiments, reducing the culture pH comprises manual or automatic pH adjustment.
[0105] In some embodiments, reducing the culture temperature comprises use of one or more of a temperature sensor, a water jacket on the culture vessel (e.g., bioreactor) , and a temperature control unit (TCU) . The temperature sensor can read the actual process value of the culture, then sends a signal to the controller to drive a change to the TCU. The TCU heats or cools down water, or any heat transfer fluid recirculating in the jacket, around the culture vessel. Temperature of the culture in the culture vessel can equilibrate by contact with the temperature of the jacket.
[0106] As will be readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, the measured culture pH and / or culture temperature can vary based on the accuracy of the apparatus or equipment used. For example, if the accuracy step of a pH detector utilized is 0.05, then the range of 6.7 could be 6.7±0.05, or if step 0.1 with range 6.7±0.1. B. Host Cells
[0107] As used herein, the term “host cell” refers to a cell, which may be used in a method of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation in accordance with the present disclosure. Such host cells can express tislelizumab or its derivatives. “Host cell” refers not only to the particular subject cell, but to the progeny or potential progeny of such a cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to, for example, either mutation or environmental influence, such progeny may not, in fact, be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term as used herein. A “host cell, ” according to the present disclosure, may be a cell. Such host cells include, for example, HEK293 cells, mouse myeloma cell NS0, transformed B-cells, hybridomas, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines.
[0108] Host cells expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives of the present disclosure refers to a host cell in which a nucleic acid encoding tislelizumab or its derivatives (e.g., as part of an expression vector) has been introduced, such that the host cells express the encoded tislelizumab or its derivatives. A host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives includes host cells transfected, transduced, or infected with a recombinant vector, an expression vector, or a nucleic acid encoding tislelizumab or its derivatives.
[0109] In some embodiments, a host cell of the present disclosure comprises a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell, a Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cell, a mouse myeloma cell NS0, or progeny or derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, a host cell comprises a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell (or progeny or derivatives thereof) . In some embodiments, a host cell comprising a mouse myeloma cell NS0 (or progeny or derivatives thereof) . In some embodiments, a host cell comprises a Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cell (e.g., an HEK293 cell) (or progeny or derivatives thereof) .
[0110] Many expression vectors that can be used to prepare host cells expressing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof are available and known to those of skill in the art and can be used for expression of tislelizumab or its derivatives. The choice of expression vector will be influenced by the choice of host expression system (e.g., host cell) . Such selection is well within the level of skill of the skilled artisan. In general, expression vectors can include transcriptional promoters and optionally enhancers, translational signals, and transcriptional and translational termination signals. Expression vectors that are used for stable transformation typically have a selectable marker which allows selection and maintenance of the transformed cells. Selectable markers include, for example, fluorescent markers (e.g., green fluorescent protein, mCherry, etc. ) or antibiotic resistance markers (e.g., puromycin resistance, ampicillin resistance, etc. ) In some cases, an origin of replication can be used to amplify the copy number of the vector in the cells.
[0111] Vectors also can contain additional nucleotide sequences operably linked to the ligated nucleic acid molecule, such as, for example, an epitope tag such as for localization (e.g., signal sequences, including, for example, ER signaling sequences) , e.g., a hexa-his tag or a myc tag, hemagglutinin tag or a tag for purification, for example, a GST fusion, and a sequence for directing protein secretion and / or membrane association.
[0112] Expression of polypeptides, including, for example, antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., tislelizumab or its derivatives) , can be controlled by any promoter / enhancer known in the art. In some embodiments, a promoter is an inducible promoter, a constitutive promoter, a native promoter (e.g., CD8 or CD4 promoter) , or a heterologous promoter.
[0113] Suitable promoters for mammalian cells are well known in the art. Selection of the promoter used to direct expression of a heterologous nucleic acid depends on the particular application and is within the level of skill of the skilled artisan. Promoters which can be used include but are not limited to mammalian expression vectors such as SV40, hCMV-IE, mCMV-IE, RSV-LTR, MMTV-LTR, MoMLV-LTR, Ad2MLP-TPL, hUbC, hEF-1α, mPGK, mMT-I, hMT-II, β-actin, and GFAP. See, e.g., Makrides SC. et al., New Comprehensive Biochemistry. 2003; 38: 9–26.
[0114] In addition to the promoter, the expression vector typically contains a transcription unit or expression cassette that contains all the additional elements required for the expression of an antibody (e.g., tislelizumab or its derivatives) , in host cells (e.g., host cells) . A typical expression cassette contains a promoter operably linked to the nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide chains of interest and signals required for efficient polyadenylation of the transcript, ribosome binding sites and translation termination.
[0115] Additional elements of the cassette can include enhancers. In addition, the cassette typically contains a transcription termination region downstream of the structural gene to provide for efficient termination. The termination region can be obtained from the same gene as the promoter sequence or can be obtained from different genes.
[0116] Any methods known to those of skill in the art for the insertion of DNA fragments into a vector can be used to construct expression vectors containing a nucleic acid encoding tislelizumab or its derivatives described herein. These methods can include in vitro recombinant DNA and synthetic techniques. The insertion into a cloning vector can, for example, be accomplished by ligating the DNA fragment into a cloning vector which has complementary cohesive termini. If the complementary restriction sites used to fragment the DNA are not present in the cloning vector, the ends of the DNA molecules can be enzymatically modified. Alternatively, any site desired can be produced by ligating nucleotide sequences (linkers) onto the DNA termini; these ligated linkers can contain specific chemically synthesized nucleic acids encoding restriction endonuclease recognition sequences.
[0117] The vector can be a retroviral vector (e.g., gamma retroviral) , which is employed for the introduction of the DNA or RNA construct into the host cell genome. For example, a polynucleotide encoding a certain antibody (e.g., tislelizumab or its derivatives) can be cloned into a retroviral vector and expression can be driven from its endogenous promoter, from the retroviral long terminal repeat, or from an alternative internal promoter.
[0118] Non-viral vectors or RNA may be used as well. Random chromosomal integration, or targeted integration (e.g., using a nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) , Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) , and / or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) , or transgene expression (e.g., using a natural or chemically modified RNA) can be used. C. Basal Medium
[0119] As used herein, the term “basal medium” or “basal media” refers to a solution of amino acids, vitamins, salts, and / or nutrients that is effective to support the growth of cells (e.g., host cells, such as host cells) in culture. The nutrients include a carbon source (e.g., a sugar, such as glucose) that can be metabolized by the cells (e.g., host cells, such as host cell) , as well as other compounds necessary for the cells’ survival. These are compounds that the cells themselves cannot synthesize, due to, for example, the absence of one or more of the gene (s) that encode the protein (s) necessary to synthesize the compound (e.g., essential amino acids) or, with respect to compounds which the cells can synthesize, because of their particular developmental state the gene (s) encoding the necessary biosynthetic proteins are not being expressed as sufficient levels. The basal medium may be in dry or liquid form and may be prepared from a plurality of separate stock compositions (e.g., each independently existing in dry or solution form) that can be combined prior to use. For example, the basal medium may be prepared from two, three, four, or more stock compositions (each independently in dry or solution form) , and where necessary mixed with aqueous diluent prior to use to give a 1× basal medium formulation.
[0120] A number of basal media are known in the art of cell culture, such as Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media (DMEM) , KnockoutTM-DMEM (KO-DMEM) , DMEM / F12, HyCloneTM ActiProTM (HyCloneTM, Cat No: SH31037.02) , (Merck, Cat No: 24366C-10L) although any basal medium that supports the growth of the selected host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives may be utilized. Such selection is well within the level of one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0121] In some embodiments, the basal medium for use in accordance with technologies of the present disclosure has a pH such that the culture pH is a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5, preferably about 6.7 to about 7.4. In some embodiments, the basal medium for use in accordance with technologies of the present disclosure is supplemented with manganese ions.
[0122] In some embodiments, the basal medium has a pH such that the culture pH is a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 7.4, about 6.5 to about 7.3, about 6.5 to about 7.2, about 6.5 to about 7.1, about 6.5 to about 7.0, about 6.6 to about 7.5, about 6.6 to about 7.4, about 6.6 to about 7.3, about 6.6 to about 7.2, about 6.6 to about 7.1, about 6.6 to about 7.0, about 6.7 to about 7.5, about 6.7 to about 7.4, about 6.7 to about 7.3, about 6.7 to about 7.2, about 6.7 to about 7.1, about 6.7 to about 7.0, about 6.8 to about 7.5, about 6.8 to about 7.4, about 6.8 to about 7.3, about 6.8 to about 7.2, about 6.8 to about 7.1, about 6.8 to about 7.0, about 6.9 to about 7.5, about 6.9 to about 7.4, about 6.9 to about 7.3, about 6.9 to about 7.2, about 6.9 to about 7.1, or about 6.9 to about 7.0.
[0123] .
[0124] In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 1 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 30 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 40 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 60 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 400 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 300 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 200 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 100 nM.
[0125]
[0126] In some embodiments, the manganese ions are added in the form of a powder or liquid solution of divalent magnesium salt. In some embodiments, the manganese ions are added in the form of a powder of divalent magnesium salt. In some embodiments, the manganese ions are added in the form a liquid solution of divalent magnesium salt.
[0127] In some embodiments, the divalent magnesium salt is selected from the group consisting of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, and hydrated salts thereof.
[0128] In some embodiments, the basal medium can be inoculated at any suitable cell density according to the cell line and culture medium used. D. Feed Medium
[0129] As used herein, the term “feed medium” refers to a solution of amino acids, vitamins, salts, and / or nutrients that is effective to support the growth of cells (e.g., host cells, such as host cells) by replenishing components from the basal medium utilized by the cells. Addition of feed medium or feed media can facilitate longer culture times and / or promote the higher production of recombinant proteins (e.g., antibodies, such as tislelizumab or its derivatives) . Feed media or feed media can be added to a culture by fed-batch methods or perfusion methods. Similarly to basal media, nutrients in a feed medium or feed media include a carbon source (e.g., a sugar, such as glucose) that can be metabolized by the cells, as well as other compounds necessary for the cells’ survival. The feed medium or feed media may be in dry or liquid form and may be prepared from a plurality of separate stock compositions (e.g., each independently existing in dry or solution form) that can be combined prior to use. For example, a feed medium may be prepared from two, three, four, or more stock compositions (each independently in dry or solution form) , and where necessary mixed with aqueous diluent prior to use to give a 1× feed medium formulation. In some embodiments, a single feed medium is utilized in accordance with methods described herein. In some embodiments, several feed media (e.g., comprising different components) are utilized in accordance with methods described herein.
[0130] In some embodiments, the methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation of the present disclosure further comprise adding a feed medium or feed media to the culture. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at more than one time point during the culture method by fed-batch. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added continuously during the culture by perfusion. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at a range of about 0.1%by volume of the total culture volume per day up to about 5%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 0.1%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 0.2%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 0.5%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 1%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 2%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 3%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 4%by volume of the total culture volume per day. In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media is / are added at about 5%by volume of the total culture volume per day.
[0131] A number of feed media (e.g., media that can be used as feed media) are known in the art of mammalian cell culture, such as HyCloneTM Cell BoostTM 7a and 7b (Cytiva, Cat No: SH31026 / SH31027) , Advanced CHO Feed 1 (Merck, Cat No: 24368C) , and ModiFeed Prime COMP (Merck, Cat No: 104132) , although any feed medium that supports the growth of the selected host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives may be utilized. Such selection is well within the level of one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0132] Methods of the present disclosure can further comprise adding a feed medium or feed media to the culture (e.g., as described elsewhere herein) . Such addition of feed medium or feed media can be conducted using either of fed-batch or perfusion methods and can be utilized to adjust (e.g., reduce, maintain, or increase) one or more of (i) the concentration of manganese ions in the culture; (ii) the culture temperature; and (iii) the culture pH. In order to adjust one of more of (i) the concentration of manganese ions in the culture; (ii) the culture temperature; and (iii) the culture pH, a feed medium or feed media with a certain concentration of manganese ions, temperature, and / or pH may be selected to achieve, for example, the described reduction of the culture temperature and / or culture pH in a method described herein and / or an adjustment or maintenance of the total concentration of manganese ions in the culture.
[0133] In some embodiments, the feed medium or feed media has a pH such that the culture pH is a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 7.4, about 6.5 to about 7.3, about 6.5 to about 7.2, about 6.5 to about 7.1, about 6.5 to about 7.0, about 6.6 to about 7.5, about 6.6 to about 7.4, about 6.6 to about 7.3, about 6.6 to about 7.2, about 6.6 to about 7.1, about 6.6 to about 7.0, about 6.7 to about 7.5, about 6.7 to about 7.4, about 6.7 to about 7.3, about 6.7 to about 7.2, about 6.7 to about 7.1, about 6.7 to about 7.0, about 6.8 to about 7.5, about 6.8 to about 7.4, about 6.8 to about 7.3, about 6.8 to about 7.2, about 6.8 to about 7.1, about 6.8 to about 7.0, about 6.9 to about 7.5, about 6.9 to about 7.4, about 6.9 to about 7.3, about 6.9 to about 7.2, about 6.9 to about 7.1, or about 6.9 to about 7.0.
[0134] In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 1 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 30 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 40 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 60 nM to about 500 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 400 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 300 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 200 nM. In some embodiments, the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium or feed media of the culture method such that the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 100 nM. E. E. Examples of Methods of Producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with Reduced Mannose Glycosylation
[0135] The foregoing temperature adjustments, pH adjustments, basal medium, feed medium or feed media, manganese ion concentrations, and / or periods of time are not so limited by any particular combination and any of the above-described embodiments may be utilized in any combination. The following methods describe particular examples of methods of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0136] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 100 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 35℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0137] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 150 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 35℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0138] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 200 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 35℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0139] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 300 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 35℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0140] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 100 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 33℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0141] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 150 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 33℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0142] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 200 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 33℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.
[0143] In one embodiment, a method of the present disclosure comprises: (a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 36.5℃, wherein the culture has a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and a manganese ion concentration of about 300 nM; and (b) after a period of time of about 5 days, reducing the culture temperature to about 33℃ and the culture pH to a pH of about 6.9±0.1, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation. IV. Definitions
[0144] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The following references provide one of skill with a general definition of many of the terms used in the present disclosure. As used herein, the following terms have the meanings ascribed to them below, unless specified otherwise. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.
[0145] As used herein, the single forms “a” , “an” , and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “afeed medium” used herein is intended to include “feed media” forms as well as applicable or appropriate from the content.
[0146] Unless the context indicates otherwise, it is specifically intended that the various features of the invention described herein can be used in any combination. Moreover, the disclosure also contemplates that in some embodiments, any feature or combination of features set forth herein can be excluded or omitted. To illustrate, if the specification states that a complex comprises components A, B and C, it is specifically intended that any of A, B or C, or a combination thereof, can be omitted and disclaimed singularly or in any combination.
[0147] As used herein, the term “about, ” when used to modify a numerical value, indicates that deviations of up to 10%above and below the numerical value, including the numerical value, remain within the intended meaning of the recited value. For example, “about 10” should be understood as both “10” and “9-11” .
[0148] As used herein, the term “automatic” refers to a process or operation that performs one or more operations with little or without human intervention; that is, a machine performs operations under the control of a computer. In the context of “automatic pH adjustment, ” or “pH is adjusted automatically” an acidifying or alkalizing agent is added to a culture (e.g., as described herein) . When the acidifying or alkalizing agent is added to a culture (e.g., as described herein) with little or without human intervention, the pH is adjusted automatically.
[0149] As used herein, the term “comprising” is intended to mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not excluding others. “Consisting essentially of” when used to define compositions and methods, shall mean excluding other elements of any essential significance to the composition or method. “Consisting of” shall mean excluding more than trace elements of other ingredients for claimed compositions and substantial method steps. Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the methods and compositions can include additional steps and components (comprising) or alternatively including steps and compositions of no significance (consisting essentially of) or alternatively, intending only the stated method steps or compositions (consisting of) .
[0150] As used herein, the term “manual” refers to a process involving substantial intervention from or physical performance by a human to execute one or more process steps. In the context of “manual pH adjustment” or the “pH is adjusted manually” an acidifying or alkalizing agent is added to a culture (e.g., as described herein) . When the acidifying or alkalizing agent is added to a culture (e.g., as described herein) with substantial intervention from or physical performance by a human, the pH is adjusted manually.
[0151] It is to be appreciated that certain aspects, modes, embodiments, variations and features of the present methods are described herein in various levels of detail to provide a substantial understanding of the present technology.
[0152] The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the disclosure. All the various embodiments of the present disclosure will not be described herein. Many modifications and variations of the disclosure can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
[0153] The practice of the present disclosure will employ, unless otherwise indicated, techniques of tissue culture, immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, cell biology and recombinant DNA, which are within the skill of the art. EXAMPLES
[0154] The examples and description of certain embodiments should be taken as illustrating, rather than as limiting the present invention as defined by the claims. As will be readily appreciated, numerous variations and combinations of the features set forth above can be utilized without departing from the present invention as set forth in the claims. All such variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. All references cited are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Example 1: Materials and Methods
[0155] This section provides a summary of the materials and methods used in the following Examples.
[0156] Viable Cell Density and Viability: The viable cell density and viability were measured on the Vi-CELL XR Cell Viability Analyzer (Beckman coulter) , which utilizes video capture technology and delivers the cell sample into a flow cell for camera imaging. The Beckman Coulter Vi-CELL XR automates the Trypan Blue Dye Exclusion Method. Sample size was approximately 600-800 μL. The concentration of trypan blue dye was 0.4%.
[0157] Mannose Content: N-Glycan profiling of the antibody was measured by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system (H-Class, Waters) with fluorescence detector on the Acquity BEH Glycan column (2, 1 mm *150 mm, 1, 7 μm, Waters) .
[0158] For each assay, a total of 1 mg of antibody was reduced, and the oligosaccharides were enzymatically released with PNGase F. After the antibody was removed, the oligosaccharides were purified and labelled with 2-aminobenzamide. Finally, 5μg processed sample was analyzed via UHPLC (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) .
[0159] The fluorescence excitation was 330 nMand the emission was 420 nm. The HILIC (Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) column temperature was set at 60℃ and the column was operated at a flow rate of 0.7 mL / min in gradient elution mode (Table 2) with 50%acetonitrile in a 50 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 4.5) . Glycan standard with defined mannose concentration was used to generate calibration curves. Example 2: N stage cell culture with different basal medium pH setting and shifting modes
[0160] To evaluate the impact of basal medium pH on mannose glycosylation level of a produced antibody, two conditions with different basal medium pH were run in 3L Applikon bioreactors with initial basal medium volume at 1.2L, as shown in Table 3.
[0161] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B show the cell growth (VCD, viable cell density in FIG. 1A) and viability (VIA in FIG. 1B) of two conditions in 3L bioreactors. The cell density and growth trends were consistent. The percentage of mannose glycosylation was 3.5%in condition 1 control group, and 2.5%in condition 2 with pH shift.
[0162] This example demonstrates that proper pH shift in cell culture process can decrease the percentage of mannose glycosylation. Example 3: N stage cell culture with different temperature and shifting modes
[0163] To explore the temperature impacts on mannose glycosylation level of a produced antibody, three temperature conditions were run in 3L Applikon bioreactors with initial basal medium volume at 1.2L, shown in Table 4.
[0164] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B show the cell growth and viability of three conditions in 3L bioreactors. The cell density and growth trends were similar. The low temperature helped to prevent significant viability dropping in later phase. The percentage of mannose glycosylation was 3.5%in condition 1 control group, 2.2%in condition 2 with temperature shift to 35.0 ℃ and 1.9%in condition 3 with temperature shift to 33.0 ℃.
[0165] This example demonstrates that shifting the temperature to a lower set point at Day 5 in the cell culture process can decrease the percentage of mannose glycosylation. Example 4: N stage cell culture with both basal medium pH and temperature shift
[0166] To evaluate the impact of both basal medium pH shift and temperature shift on mannose glycosylation level of a produced antibody in N stage cell culture, a combination of culture conditions wherein both pH and temperature parameters were shifted during cell culture was conducted, as summarized in Table 5.
[0167] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B show the cell growth and viability of control (condition 1) and the culture condition (condition 2) in which both basal medium pH and culture temperature were shifted after a period of time in 3L bioreactors. The cell density was comparable, but condition 2 resulted in improved viability. The percentage of mannose glycosylation was decreased to 1.8%in condition 2 significantly, compared to 3.5%in condition 1.
[0168] This example demonstrates that the combination of pH and temperature shifting to lower points during cell culture resulted in a significant reduction in mannose glycosylation. Example 5: N stage cell culture with basal medium supplemented with varying concentrations of manganese chloride
[0169] To evaluate the effect of basal medium supplemented with varying concentrations of manganese ion on antibody mannose glycosylation level, different concentrations of Manganese Chloride (MnCl2) was targeted in basal medium cell culture for antibody production, as summarized in Table 6-1, accordingly, the concentrations of Manganese Chloride (MnCl2) in the culture on each culture day is summarized in Table 6-2.
[0170] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show the cell growth and viability of four conditions in 3L bioreactors. The cell density and growth trends were same. The extra MnCl2 supplemented into the basal medium did not impact the cell density and viability. However, the percentage of mannose glycosylation of the produced antibody decreased with increasing concentrations of MnCl2 supplemented into the basal medium, as shown in Table 7. In sum, the MnCl2 concentration in basal medium impacted the percentage of mannose glycosylation of the produced antibody, where increasing the manganese ion concentration in the basal medium resulted in a decreased mannose glycosylation level. Example 6: N stage cell culture with varying concentrations of manganese chloride supplemented into various different commercial basal media and feed media
[0171] To evaluate the effect of utilizing different basal media, varying concentration of Manganese Chloride (MnCl2) was supplemented into three commercial basal medium and feed medium experimental groups. All commercial basal media and feed media were purchased from vendors directly. Cell culture conditions for the various experimental groups are shown in Tables 8-1, 9-1, and 10-1; accordingly, the concentrations of Manganese Chloride (MnCl2) in the culture on each culture day is summarized in Table 8-2, 9-2, and 10-2, respectively.
[0172] FIG. 5A-5C and FIG. 6A-6C show the cell growth and viability of three manganese chloride concentration conditions in three basal medium and feed medium experiments. The different concentration levels of MnCl2 targeted in the commercial basal medium did not impact the cell density and viability in all experimental groups. The percentage of mannose glycosylation of the produced antibody decreased with increasing MnCl2 concentration in all experimental groups, as shown in Table 11. The mannose glycosylation percentage decrease versus MnCl2 concentration in different medium groups shared the similar trends, but slope varied sightly due to the impacts of different medium components, illustrated by FIG. 7. ***
[0173] While certain embodiments have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that changes and modifications can be made therein in accordance with ordinary skill in the art without departing from the technology in its broader aspects as defined in the following claims.
[0174] The embodiments, illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms “comprising, ” “including, ” “containing, ” etc. shall be read expansively and without limitation. Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein have been used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the claimed technology. Additionally, the phrase “consisting essentially of” will be understood to include those elements specifically recited and those additional elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed technology. The phrase “consisting of” excludes any element not specified.
[0175] The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and compositions within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds, or compositions, which can of course vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
[0176] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.
[0177] As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, particularly in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to, ” “at least, ” “greater than, ” “less than, ” and the like, include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member.
[0178] All publications, patent applications, issued patents, and other documents referred to in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication, patent application, issued patent, or other document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety. Definitions that are contained in text incorporated by reference are excluded to the extent that they contradict definitions in this disclosure.
[0179] Other embodiments are set forth in the following claims.
Claims
1.A method of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation comprising:(a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and(b) after a period of time, reducing the culture temperature and / or the culture pH, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.2.A method of producing tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation comprising:(a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5, with or without feed medium, wherein the basal medium and / or feed medium is supplemented with manganese ion, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives with reduced mannose glycosylation.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the basal medium is supplemented with manganese ions.4.The method of any one of claims 1-3, further comprising adding a feed medium to the culture, optionally wherein the feed medium is supplemented with manganese ions.5.The method of any one of claims 2-4, further comprising (b) after a period of time, reducing culture temperature and / or culture pH.6.The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the reduced mannose glycosylation is reduced relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.7.The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by at least 0.1%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.8.The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives is reduced by from about 0.1%to about 12%relative to tislelizumab or its derivatives produced using a reference method.9.The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the culture is supplemented with manganese ion to the extent the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives can be reduced to a desirable level, preferably wherein a desirable level is less than about 3.0%.10.The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 1 nM to about 500 nM.11.The method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 30 nM to about 500 nM.12.The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 40 nM to about 500 nM.13.The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 500 nM.14.The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 60 nM to about 500 nM.15.The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 400 nM16.The method of any one of claims 1-13 or 15, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 300 nM.17.The method of any one of claims 1-13, 15, or 16, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 200 nM.18.The method of any one of claims 1-13 or 15-17, wherein the concentration of manganese ion in the culture is about 50 nM to about 100 nM.19.The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the manganese ion is supplemented in the basal medium of the culture.20.The method of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the manganese ion is supplemented in the feed medium of the culture.21.The method of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the manganese ion is supplemented in both the basal medium and the feed medium of the culture.22.The method of any one of claims 2-21, wherein the manganese ions are added in the form of a powder or liquid solution of divalent manganese salt.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the divalent manganese salt is selected from the group consisting of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, and hydrated salts thereof, and any combination thereof.24.The method of any one of claims 1 or 3-23, wherein the period of time in step (b) is about 3 days to about 7 days.25.The method of any one of claims 1or 3-24, wherein the period of time in step (b) is about 4 days to about 6 days.26.The method of any one of claims 1 or 3-25, wherein the period of time in step (b) is about 5 days.27.The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein in step (a) the culture temperature is about 36.5℃.28.The method of any one of claims 1 or 3-27, wherein in step (b) the culture temperature is reduced by about 0.1℃ to about 7℃.29.The method of any one of claims 1-28, wherein in step (a) the culture pH is a pH of about 6.7 to about 7.4.30.The method of any one of claims 1 or 3-29, wherein step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH by about 0.05 to about 1.0 or about 0.1 to about 0.5.31.The method of any one of claims 1 or 3-30, wherein in step (a) the culture pH is a pH of about 7.0±0.2 and step (b) comprises reducing the culture pH to about 6.9±0.1.32.The method of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the host cell comprises a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell, a Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cell, or a mouse myeloma NS0 cell.33.The method of any one of claims 1-32, further comprising adding a feed medium to the culture.34.The method of claim 33, wherein the feed medium is added at more than one time point during the culture method by fed-batch.35.The method of claim 33, wherein the feed medium is added continuously during the culture by perfusion.36.The method of any one of claims 33-35, wherein the feed medium is added at a range of about 0.1%of initial culture volume per day up to about 5%of initial culture volume per day.37.The method of any one of claims 1-36, wherein the resultant tislelizumab or its derivatives has a mannose glycosylation level less than about 3.0%.38.The method of any one of claims 1 or 3-37, wherein reducing the culture pH comprises manual or automatic pH adjustment.39.Tislelizumab or its derivatives comprising a mannose glycosylation level of less than about 3.0%, wherein tislelizumab or its derivatives comprises:(a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and(b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2.40.Tislelizumab or its derivatives of claim 39, wherein tislelizumab or its derivatives comprises:(a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 98%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and(b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 98%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2.41.Tislelizumab or its derivatives of claim 40, wherein tislelizumab or its derivatives comprises:(a) a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; and(b) a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.42.Tislelizumab or its derivatives of any one of claims 39-41, wherein tislelizumab or its derivatives was produced according to a method comprising:(a) culturing a host cell expressing tislelizumab or its derivatives in a basal medium at a culture temperature of about 35℃ to about 37℃ and a culture pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and(b) after a period of time, reducing the culture temperature and / or the culture pH, to produce tislelizumab or its derivatives having reduced mannose glycosylation.43.Tislelizumab or its derivatives of claim 42, wherein tislelizumab or its derivatives was produced according to a method further comprising supplementing the culture with manganese ion to the extent the mannose glycosylation of tislelizumab or its derivatives can be reduced to a desirable level, preferably wherein the desirable level is less than about 3.0%.