A two-phase high-density fluid and a fluid control system and method for switching fluid modes thereof

Abstract

A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) having a first fluid mode and a second fluid mode. In the first fluid mode, the two-phase HDF consists of a first phase depleted of a solid material and a second phase where the solid material has settled. Furthermore, in the second fluid mode, the two-phase HDF is homogenized upon activation.

Description

[0001] A TWO-PHASE HIGH-DENSITY FLUID AND A FLUID CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SWITCHING FLUID MODES THEREOF

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention relates to a two-phase high-density fluid. More particularly, the present invention relates to a two-phase high-density fluid having a first fluid mode and a second fluid mode.

[0004] The present invention also relates to fluid control system for switching fluid modes of a two- phase high-density fluid.

[0005] The present invention also relates to fluid control method for switching fluid modes of a two- phase high-density fluid.

[0006] BACKGROUND

[0007] Turbines are a reliable and efficient way to generate electricity and are used extensively in hydro-electric projects or systems, with the turbine unit or units forming one part of the overall system. In a hydroelectricity generating system a fluid such as water flows under gravity from one part of the system to another and then into a turbine unit. The fluid flow over the blades of the turbine in the turbine unit causes the turbine blades to rotate, spinning the turbine. The spinning of the turbine produces power.

[0008] However, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have highly variable power outputs. On-grid energy storage therefore plays a crucial role in smoothing out the electricity supply from these sources and ensuring that the supply of power matches demand. Energy storage at grid scale is well established in the form of Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) systems. In such systems, during times of low on-grid electricity demand, water is typically pumped from a lower-level reservoir to an upper-level reservoir, thereby gaining potential energy. The water is then stored in the upper-level reservoir until times of high on-grid electricity demand. At such times, the water is allowed to flow from the upper reservoir back to the lower reservoir through a penstock. The water turns a turbine located in the penstock to generate electricity that is then sent to the grid to help meet the high electricity demand.

[0009] Although water is used almost exclusively in these types of systems, alternative fluids have also been investigated for use in systems similar to Pumped Hydro Systems. It has been found that the use of high-density fluids (fluids having a density greater than that of water at the same temperature and pressure) can be highly beneficial in systems that operate on a similar principle to Pumped Hydro Systems. For example, the use of high-density fluids in these types of systems can reduce the requirement for vertical elevation between the upper and lower-level reservoirs compared to conventional Pumped Hydro Systems (i.e. conventional systems that use water as the working fluid).

[0010] Advancements in the field of high-density fluids and their applications in energy storage systems have gained popularity over the years due to a plethora of applications such as pumped hydro storage systems. The high-density fluids, also known as non-colloidal suspensions, are characterized by their ability to maintain a homogeneous state, which is crucial for efficient operation. However, the high-density fluids are prone to separation over time as particles settle at the bottom of the reservoir in which the high-density fluids are stored, leading to a non-homogeneous fluid and significantly impacting system performance.

[0011] The present solutions to address this challenge include the use of recirculation pumps and mechanical agitators to continuously mix the fluid and prevent settling. However, the existing solutions have proven to be energy-intensive and limited in their effectiveness, particularly in large reservoirs where agitation does not propagate far enough and settling of solid weighting agents can occur, negatively affecting the overall system.

[0012] High-density fluids for use with these types of system are usually made by suspending a finely-ground mineral in a liquid, such as for example Bentonite, lllemnite, Barite or Hematite. In order to produce a fluid where the solid will remain in suspension for extended periods, the quantity and particle size distribution of the mineral are carefully chosen, along with the amount of other additions to the fluid, such as for example viscosity modifiers and similar.

[0013] Moreover, the existing high-density fluids rapidly develop sludge and stratified cakes at the reservoir base. This problem may persist despite recirculation pumping and mechanical agitation, underscoring the need for improved re-homogenisation systems.

[0014] In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.

[0015] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a two-phase high-density fluid having a first fluid mode and a second fluid mode, which goes some way to overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages or which at least provides the public or industry with a useful choice.

[0016] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a fluid control system for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid, which goes some way to overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages or which at least provides the public or industry with a useful choice.

[0017] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a fluid control method for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid, which goes some way to overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages or which at least provides the public or industry with a useful choice

[0018] The term “comprising” as used in this specification and indicative independent claims means “consisting at least in part of”. When interpreting each statement in this specification and indicative independent claims that include the term “comprising”, features other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present. Related terms such as “comprise” and “comprises” are to be interpreted in the same manner.

[0019] As used herein the term “and / or” means “and” or “or”, or both.

[0020] As used herein “(s)” following a noun means the plural and / or singular forms of the noun.

[0021] Accordingly, in a first aspect the present invention may broadly be said to consist in a two- phase high-density fluid (HDF) having a first fluid mode and a second fluid mode, wherein in the first fluid mode the two-phase HDF comprises a first phase depleted of a solid material and a second phase in which the solid material has settled, and wherein in the second fluid mode the two-phase HDF is homogenised upon activation.

[0022] In an embodiment, the two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) further comprises a weighting element, a volumizing element, a dispersant element and a base element, wherein the weighting element is in a range of 70 to 90% of an overall fraction by weight of the two- phase HDF.

[0023] In an embodiment, the weighting element is a barium sulphate material.

[0024] In an embodiment, the volumizing element is in a range of 0.84 to 1.04% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF.

[0025] In an embodiment, the volumizing element is a clay. In an embodiment, the dispersant element is in a range of 0.08 to 0.16% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF.

[0026] In an embodiment, the dispersant element is a lignosulphonate material.

[0027] In an embodiment, the base element is an alkali material.

[0028] In an embodiment, the two-phase HDF further comprises water.

[0029] Accordingly, in a second aspect the present invention may broadly be said to consist in a fluid control system for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) of the aforementioned first aspect, comprising a fluid storage tank configured to retain a volume of the two-phase HDF, wherein the fluid storage tank have walls, a floor, a base, and a tank outlet; the fluid storage tank comprises a bubble generating device that is connectable to a compressed gas means, wherein the bubble generating device is configured to release bubbles into the two-phase HDF to change a first fluid mode of the two-phase HDF to a second fluid mode of the two-phase HDF, based on a vertical movement of the bubbles to mix a first phase and a second phase of the two-phase HDF to homogenize the two-phase HDF.

[0030] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device is arranged on the floor of the fluid storage tank.

[0031] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device is arranged on the wall of the fluid storage tank.

[0032] In an embodiment, the floor of the fluid storage tank is sloped down from a side of the fluid storage tank towards an opposite side of the fluid storage tank, such that the fluid storage tank further comprising a trough that extends substantially across a bottom of the slope of the floor, and wherein the bubble generating device is arranged within the trough in the fluid storage tank.

[0033] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device is disposed within a vicinity before an outlet arranged within the trough.

[0034] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device comprises a first body member, a gas inlet arranged on a first side of the first body member, a gas outlet arranged on a second side of the first body member, and wherein the second side of the first body member provides a guide surface to facilitate the vertical movement of bubbles from the gas outlet to an outer edge of the first body member.

[0035] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device further comprises a second body member and a spacer element, and wherein the second body member is arranged adjacent to the first body member whereby the spacer element is disposed between the first and second body members to define a predetermined gap.

[0036] In an embodiment, the predetermined gap provides a space through which an emitted gas from the gas outlet exits the bubble generating device.

[0037] In an embodiment, the spacer element is sized to provide the predetermined gap within a range of 5 to 20 millimeters.

[0038] In an embodiment, the first body member, the second body member and each spacer element, each comprises an aperture through which a corresponding cooperating fastening device is arranged to fasten the bubble generator to a surface of the fluid storage tank.

[0039] In an embodiment, both the first body member and the second body member are formed from circular plate material.

[0040] In an embodiment, the first body member further comprises a compressed gas coupling connected to the gas inlet.

[0041] Accordingly, in a third aspect the present invention may broadly be said to consist in fluid control method for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) of the aforementioned first aspect, comprising: providing compressed gas to a bubble generating device arranged within a fluid storage tank that is connectable to a compressed gas means, wherein the fluid storage tank is configured to retain a volume of the two-phase HDF, the fluid storage tank having walls, a floor, a base, and a tank outlet; activating the bubble generating device; and emitting bubbles from the bubble generating device, wherein vertical movement of the bubbles creates a draft under each bubble which pulls the surrounding two-phase HDF up towards each bubble, thereby providing a turbulence which is sufficient for providing a switch from a first fluid mode of the two-phase HDF, to a second fluid mode of the two-phase HDF for providing the two-phase HDF in a homogenized form.

[0042] In an embodiment the fluid control method the fluid control further comprises activating a solenoid valve arranged for interrupting a flow of the compressed gas to a gas outlet of the bubble generating device; and pulsing the solenoid valve for providing short bursts of the compressed gas to the gas outlet of the bubble generating device.

[0043] With respect to the above description then, it is to be realised that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.

[0044] This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

[0045] Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.

[0046] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprise", "include", "have", and "contain" and variations of these words, for example "comprising" and "comprises", mean "including but not limited to", and do not exclude other components, items, integers or steps not explicitly disclosed also to be present. Moreover, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

[0047] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Further aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings which show an embodiment of the device by way of example, and in which:

[0049] Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a block diagram of a fluid control system for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid (HDF). The fluid control system comprises a fluid storage tank, a bubble generating device (depicted as a bubble generating device).

[0050] Figures 2A-C shows schematic illustrations of a sectional view, a perspective view and a top view of a bubble generating device (depicted as a bubble generating device), respectively, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The bubble generating device comprises a first body member, a gas inlet arranged on a first side of the first body member, a second body member and a first space element, a second spacer element, and a third spacer element, and a first cooperating fastening device, a second cooperating fastening device, and a third cooperating fastening device.

[0051] Figure 3 shows a flowchart depicting steps of a fluid control method for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid (HDF), in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 4A shows a graphical representation of yield point as a function of shear time after target specific gravity is reached, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 4B shows a graphical representation of flow point as a function of shear time after target specific gravity is reached, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figures 5A-D show graphical representations of viscosity measured at different shear rates (9000 s-1, 217 s-1, 108 s-1, and 10.5 s-1, respectively) as a function of shear time, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 6 shows a graphical representation of viscosity measured at a shear rate of 1 s-1as a function of shear time, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 7A shows a graphical representation of syneresis percentage as a function of shear time, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 7B shows photographic images of cylindrical settling tubes corresponding to the syneresis analysis of FIG. 7A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 8 shows a graphical representation of the relationship between pump speed (RPM) and various operational parameters of the barite addition system, namely suction rate, motive flow, inlet pressure (Pin), outlet pressure (Pout), and pump outlet pressure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 9 shows a schematic illustration of supplying the weighing element, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practising the present invention are also possible.

[0062] General Overview A schematic illustration of a block diagram of a fluid control system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1. The system 100 comprises a fluid storage tank 102 configured to a volume of the two-phase HDF, the fluid storage tank 102 comprises a bubble generating device (depicted as a bubble generating device 104).

[0063] Fluid Storage Tank

[0064] The fluid storage tank 102 comprises an enclosed fluid storage container or tank 102 that is configured to hold and store the two-phase HDF used in the high-density hydro energy storage applications. Notably, the volume of the two-phase HDF retained by the fluid storage tank 102 refers to the amount of space occupied by the fluid within the storage tank, typically measured in cubic units. The walls of the fluid storage tank 102 provides support for containing the two-phase HDF within the fluid storage tank 102. The floor is the bottom surface of the fluid storage tank 102 on which the two-phase HDF rests. Moreover, the base facilitates the flow of the two-phase HDF towards a tank outlet 106. The base of the fluid storage tank 102 is a base sloped towards the tank outlet 106. Through the tank outlet 106, the two-phase HDF is discharged from the fluid storage tank 102. Notably, the tank outlet 106 is located at substantially the lowest point in the fluid storage tank 102 as the two-phase HDF settles and accumulates due to its higher density at the lowest point in the fluid storage tank 102.

[0065] Two-Phase High-Density Fluid (HDF)

[0066] The two-phase HDF is a high-density fluid that exists in two distinct states or phases, namely a high-density, stable mode and a low-viscosity operational mode. The two-phase HDF exhibits bi-modal behaviour, i.e., the two-phase HDF can switch between two different modes which are a first fluid mode and a second fluid mode. The purpose of achieving the bi-modal behaviour in the two-phase HDF is to provide versatility and adaptability to different operational requirements of the two-phase HDF in applications where both stability and fluidity are crucial. The first fluid mode is a mode of the two-phase HDF in which the two-phase HDF is suitable for storage for longer periods of time. Notably, the two-phase HDF exhibit high density and stability while being in the first fluid mode. The second mode is another mode of the two-phase HDF in which the two-phase HDF is suitable for operation in energy storage applications. Notably, the two-phase HDF while being in the second fluid mode exhibits a low viscosity, enabling efficient operation and energy transfer when the two-phase HDF is in use. The two-phase HDF being homogenized upon activation while being in the second fluid mode ensures that the solid material is uniformly mixed and blended throughout the two-phase HDF, which prevents particle settling in the two-phase HDF and enables the two-phase HDF to remain in the low viscosity and high flexibility state while being in the second fluid mode. The two-phase comprises a first phase which majorly comprises water and is accumulated at the top in the two-phase HDF while being in the first fluid mode. The solid material is suspended in the two-phase HDF. It will be appreciated that the first phase is depleted of the solid material as the first phase is collected at the top while the solid material is settling in the bottom part of the two-phase HDF due to the colloidal nature of the solid material. The second phase of the two-phase HDF has a high viscosity and is accumulated at the bottom of the two-phase HDF. Notably, the high viscosity of the second phase enables to slow down the settling of the solid material in the second phase, which allows the two-phase HDF to exhibit the high density and stability while being in the first fluid mode.

[0067] In an embodiment, the weighting element is present in the two-phase HDF to increase its density, thereby enabling to increase the viscosity of the two-phase HDF in the first fluid mode. The inclusion of a weighting element in the two-phase high-density fluid has several technical effects. Firstly, it allows the fluid to achieve the desired density, which is crucial for specific applications. The volumizing element is present in the two-phase HDF to increase its volume or overall density. The dispersant element is present as an additive in the two-phase HDF to facilitate the dispersion and suspension of the solid material within the two-phase HDF. Notably, the dispersant element in the two-phase HDF helps to maintain the homogeneity of the two-phase HDF and prevent particle agglomeration in the two-phase HDF. Subsequently, by preventing the particle agglomeration in the two-phase HDF, the dispersant element helps to maintain the desired properties of the two-phase HDF throughout its usage, forms the foundation of the two-phase HDF, playing a crucial role in determining the properties and behaviour thereof. The presence of the base element in the two-phase HDF helps adjust the pH of the two-phase HDF, ensuring its optimal performance. Thus, the base element is used to increase the pH value to a formulation specification. However, in some formulations of the two-phase HDF (especially non-Barite formulations) an acid will be required instead of the base element, to lower the pH instead. Preferably, A sulphuric acid can be used to lower the pH of the two-phase HDF. Notably, the combination of the base element with other components, such as the dispersant element, helps to maintain the two-phase HDF's homogeneity and prevents the particle agglomeration in the two-phase HDF. The weighting element being in the range of 70 to 90% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF. Therefore, implying that the ratio of the weighting element is in the range of 70 to 90 percent in relation to the total weight of the two-phase HDF. Optionally, the weighting element is in the range of 70, 75, 80, 85 to 75, 80, 85, 90 percent of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF. The presence of the aforementioned elements in the two-phase HDF has a technical effect of enabling the two-phase HDF to exhibit the bi-modal properties.

[0068] In an embodiment, the barium sulphate material is composed of barium and sulphate ions, typically in the form of a white crystalline powder, which exhibits high density and chemical stability, making it suitable for use as the weighting element. Optionally, the barium sulphate material is also known as barite. The mineral composition for Barite is BaSO4. In an implementation, the barium sulphate material is used at 80% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF. The purpose of using the barium sulphate material as the weighting element in the two-phase HDF is to increase the density of the two-phase HDF. The use of barium sulphate material as a weighting element has the technical advantages of having a very high density, a relative softness, a chemical inertness and a very low solubility in water.

[0069] In an embodiment, the volumizing element being in the range of 0.84 to 1 .04% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF. Therefore, ensuring that the ratio of the volumizing element is in the range of 0.84 to 1 .04 percent in relation to the total weight of the two-phase HDF. Optionally, the volumizing element is in the range of 0.84, 0.90, 0.95, 1 to 0.90, 0.95, 1 , 1 .04 percent of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF. The concentration of the volumizing element is optimized for the two-phase HDF. If the concentration is too high, the two-phase HDF will have an unacceptably high viscosity which is unsuitable for use in High Density (HD) Hydro applications. If the concentration is too low, the two-phase HDF will be unstable, where the weighting agent settles within the two-phase HDF. Therefore, the volumizing element range provides a technical effect of optimizing the volumizing element for use with various sodium montmorillonite-based clays (also referred to as bentonite / natural clays) which can be obtained from various suppliers. Furthermore, different clay types may also be effective but require different concentrations of the volumizing element (e.g. higher or lower). For example, laponite will be added in significantly lower quantities and still be effective.

[0070] A technical effect is that the volumizing element is present in the two-phase HDF in an adequate amount.

[0071] In an embodiment, the volumizing element is a clay, which is preferably an absorbent clay. The absorbent clay is a type of clay material that has the ability to absorb and retain liquids, gases, or other substances within its structure. Optionally, the absorbent clay is selected from one of: bentonite or laponite, which acts as the volumizing element. The absorbent clay enhances the two-phase HDF's viscosity and stability, making it suitable for various applications. The use of absorbent clay as a volumizing agent has a technical effect of being a reliable material, which can be used as a volumizing agent. Absorbent clay is also known as “swelling clay”.

[0072] In this regard, a well-hydrated clay (bentonite or laponite) is used. Beneficially, the well- hydrated clay (bentonite or laponite) stabilizes the two-phase HDF. It may be appreciated that various methods for preparing bentonite are known in the art, as it is often used in drilling fluids. Pursuant to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the bentonite is fully hydrated before the addition of any other additives (i.e. , dispersant element, the weighting element, etc.), to avoid compromised fluid performance. In this regard, the two-phase HDF comprising hydrated bentonite is left without agitation overnight at ambient temperature conditions. Optionally, a duration of 16-20 hours is sufficient for reproducible performance of the bentonite preparation, at ambient temperature condition.

[0073] In an embodiment, the dispersant element being in the range of 0.08 to 0.16% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF. This ensures that the ratio of the dispersant element is in the range of 0.08 to 0.16% in relation to the total weight of the two-phase HDF. Optionally, the dispersant element is in the range of 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14 to 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16 percent of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF. The dispersant element provides a technical effect of optimising the two-phase HDF. If the quantity of applied dispersant element is below 0.08%, the two-phase HDF will become too viscous. It is advantageous to provide the dispersant element within this range of overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF, because it increases the stability of the two-phase HDF. If the quantity of dispersant element is applied above 0.16%, the two-phase HDF will become more unstable and may result in the increased viscosity of the two-phase HDF at high shear rates.

[0074] In an embodiment, the lignosulphonate material is a type of material derived from lignin, a complex organic polymer found in the cell walls of plants, which has been modified through the process of sulfonation to enhance its solubility and dispersibility. The use of the lignosulphonate material as the dispersant element is important in maintaining the homogeneity of the two-phase HDF and prevent the particle agglomeration in the two-phase HDF. The use of lignosulphonate material as a dispersant agent has a technical effect of being a reliable material, which provides a balance of viscosity reduction and stability improvement. Optionally, the dispersant element may also be hydrated prior to mixing with the volumizing element. Herein, the dispersant element and the volumizing element (bentonite clay for example) are added before the weighting element (such as barite), to result in superior fluid performance. Adding the dispersant element later yield poorer stability and introduces the challenge of excessive viscosity during mixing. Moreover, adding weighting element (barite) at the end in a gradual fashion, slowly building up fluid SG, further results in a well- dispersed weighing element. In this regard, a premix of the dispersant element and the volumizing element may be used.

[0075] Beneficially, the premix of the volumizing element (e.g., bentonite) and the dispersant element (e.g., lignosulphonate) prior to barite addition. In this regard, the premix prevents excessive viscosity spikes, avoids agglomeration, and produces a homogenous suspension upon subsequent barite incorporation. Moreover, said sequential approach produces higher yield point values and reduced syneresis compared to fluids where dispersant element is added later.

[0076] In an exemplary implementation, a premix of bentonite and lignosulphonate is stocked for 3 minutes with paint agitator. Notably, stocking up the premix of bentonite and lignosulphonate increases its temperature and makes it foamy even with agitation. Subsequently, 150-210 kg barite is mixed to the premix of bentonite and lignosulphonate with paint agitator and a pump with bubble generating device (implemented as an eductor nozzle or a bubble generating plate) for 1 hour. This results in a thick fluid, having gel-like consistency, with a specific gravity (SG) of 2.19. Optionally, the pump is a bentonite pump, which applies significant shear. Optionally, the premix of bentonite and lignosulphonate is recirculated through the bentonite pump for three hours.

[0077] It may be appreciated that a minimum degree of shearing is required to produce an acceptable fluid, with different pump geometries. In an example, a 7.5 kW inline high shear mixer may be used to hydrate the bentonite in preparation to mix fluid. It may be appreciated that mixing time is dependent on how long it takes to incorporate all required bentonite into the water, rather than number of passes or total mixing time.

[0078] A technical benefit of the application of controlled shear during preparation and post-mixing is to impart significant rheological advantages to the two-phase HDF. Moreover, imparting shear rapidly aligns both yield point and flow point values with desired levels within a short duration (such as 30 minutes, as discussed below), thereby restoring structural gel strength and fluid homogeneity. Furthermore, shear also improves viscosity profiles across mid- and high-shear regimes, confirming that a minimum degree of shearing is essential to achieve acceptable high-density fluid (HDF) stability.

[0079] Moreover, the gradual addition of the weighting element (such as barite) concurrent with applied shear provides superior dispersion of the weighting element. Rather than forming clumps or settling prematurely, said coordinated approach ensures that the weighing element particles are uniformly distributed throughout the fluid matrix, thereby reducing localized density gradients and contributing to consistent specific gravity (SG) attainment with minimal sedimentation.

[0080] In an embodiment, the base element is an alkali material. The alkali material provides a technical effect of raising the pH of the two-phase HDF. The base element may come in the form of sodium-based (NaOH, Na2COs) and calcium based (Ca(OH)2, CaCOs) as both forms will increase pH. Reaction products such as calcium salts are desirable because they tend to have significantly lower solubility (high calcium water is harder than sodium salts). In this application, increasing hardness is undesirable because of its effect on a closed system, such as potential scaling issues on equipment and degradation of the additive effectiveness.

[0081] In an embodiment, the water acts as the carrier for the other components of the two-phase HDF and provides balance to the formulation of the two-phase HDF. The water provides a technical effect of providing the remainder of the formulation for the two-phase HDF. Therefore, the water functions as a solvent (i.e. an aqueous system) for the other components of the two-phase HDF, which is preferred over the use of organic-based solvents.

[0082] The final formulation of the two-phase HDF is subjected to a period of "curing" in a curing tank, whereby the fluid is left overnight under ambient conditions without agitation. Subsequently, the final formulation of the two-phase HDF is mixed thoroughly. Fluid properties change slightly over this time. The density of fluid samples may be checked against the density achieved during preparation. Ideally, the densities should be the same, as any changes would indicate separation in the final formulation of the two-phase HDF that may result in an irreversible settling in the curing tank. This also gives the advantage of assuring quality of the fluid prior to reservoir transfer. After curing and quality checks, the fluid is complete and transferred to the lower reservoir. Bubble Generating Device

[0083] The bubble generating device 104 is capable of producing and releasing bubbles into the two-phase HDF retained in the fluid storage tank 102 in the first fluid mode, typically by means of a controlled gas injection or aeration process. It will be appreciated that the “bubble generating device" refers to "one bubble generating device" in some implementation, and "a plurality of bubble generating devices" in other implementations. A compressed gas means is used to store and supply gas under pressure to the bubble generating device 104, which is utilized for the bubble generation. The compressed air provided by the compressed gas means, is injected into the bubble generating device 104 through high flow rate (CV) solenoid valves. The bubbles are released into the two-phase HDF in form of short bursts of the compressed air by the bubble generating device 104. The vertical movement of the bubbles released into the two-phase HDF in a vertical direction from the floor of the fluid storage tank 102 to a top of the fluid storage tank 102. The vertical movement of the bubbles creates a strong draft, pulling the second phase of the two-phase HDF upwards and generating turbulence, which mixes the first phase and the second phase of the two-phase HDF leading to homogenization of the two-phase HDF. Subsequently, the homogenized two-phase HDF obtained by the mixing of the first phase and the second phase of the two-phase HDF is in the second fluid mode. Thus, the release of the bubbles into the two-phase HDF by the bubble generating device 104 causes the change of the two- phase HDF from the first fluid mode and the second fluid mode. The bubble generating device 104 may be implemented as a bubble generating plate or an eductor nozzle, implemented in the fluid storage tank, to ensure minimum or low build-up and proper recirculation of the sludge. In this regard, the fluid storage tank further comprises a pipework to return the fluid from the bottom to the top of the fluid storage tank. Optionally, the eductor nozzle may be arranged with the pump to subject the fluid to as much shear as possible for effective homogenization. Notably, the location of the pump may be changed throughout the agitation or mixing, wherein the applied shear stabilizes a higher specific gravity (SG) of the two-phase HDF. Optionally, the shear via the pump connected to the eductor nozzle may be applied for a time period of 5-8 hours, more optionally, 6 hours.

[0084] As shown in figures 2A, 2B and 2C, in an embodiment, the bubble generating device 200 comprises a first body member 202, a gas inlet arranged on a first side of the first body member 202, a gas outlet arranged on a second side of the first body member 202, and wherein the second side of the first body member 202 provides a guide surface to facilitate the vertical movement of bubbles from the gas outlet to an outer edge of the first body member 202. Optionally, the first body member 202 comprises an overall planar shape. Optionally, the first body member 202 comprises an overall non-planar shape, which may be in the form of a cardoid, bell, bowl or the like.

[0085] In an embodiment, the first body member 202 is a first circular plate in the bubble generating device 200. The first surface is facing towards the HDF surface of the fluid storage tank. Through the gas inlet 204 the bubble generating device 200 receives the compressed gas from the compressed gas means. The gas inlet 204 being arranged on the first side of the first body member 202 enables the bubble generating device 200 to effectively receive the compressed gas via the gas inlet 204 from the surface of the fluid storage tank. The second side of the body is facing towards the bottom surface of the fluid storage tank, opposite to the first side of the first body. Through the gas outlet, bubbles are released from the bubble generating device 200. The gas outlet being arranged on the second side of the first body member 202 enables the bubble generating device 200 to effectively release the bubbles via the gas outlet towards the bottom surface of the fluid storage tank, and into the two- phase HDF retained in the fluid storage tank. The solenoid valve being arranged for interrupting the flow of the compressed gas, to the gas outlet. This ensures that the solenoid valve is used to halt the flow of the compressed gas from the compressed gas means to the gas outlet. Transmitting an activation signal to the solenoid valve, activates the solenoid valve. Upon activation, the solenoid valve interrupts the flow of compressed gas to the gas outlet.

[0086] The guide surface is designed to direct or control the direction in which the bubbles are released from the gas outlet of the bubble generating device 200. Notably, the guide surface is arranged in the second side of the first body member 202 such that the bubbles are released in a vertical direction, thereby facilitating the vertical movement of the bubbles into the two-phase HDF retained within the fluid storage tank. The guide surface provides a technical effect of releasing compressed gas in the form of bubbles from the periphery of the bubble generating device 200 in manner which is determined by the guided surface.

[0087] In an embodiment, the second body member 206 is a second circular plate in the bubble generating device 200. The second body member 206 is symmetrically arranged adjacent to the first body member 202 of the bubble generating device 200.

[0088] Optionally, the second body member 206 comprises an overall planar shape. Optionally, the second body member 206 comprises an overall non-planar shape, which may be in the form of a cardoid, bell, bowl or the like. The presence of the second body member 206 in the bubble generating device 200 enables to effectively control the generation of bubbles in the bubble generating device 200. The spacer element is disposed between the first and second body members to create and maintain the predetermined gap between the first and second body members. The predetermined gap is created between the first body member 202 and the second body member 206 due to the spacer element 208A-C being disposed between the first and second body members. The predefined gap provides a technical effect of creating a large contact area with the thick sludge accumulated around bubble generating device 200. Therefore, in use, as the connected compressed air flows through the bubble generating device 200, it pushes the thick sludge out and away from the bubble generating device 200. The size of the bubbles exiting the bubble generating device 200 is predominantly dependent on how fast the compressed air can be released from the device, along with the isolating solenoid valve and overall system pressure loss. The shape dimensions of the bubble generating device 200 will also have an effect upon the generated bubble size.

[0089] In an embodiment, the predetermined gap provides an open hollow area between the first and second body members due to the predetermined gap between the first and second body members to exit the emitted gas from the gas outlet. The emitted gas that exits the bubble generating device 200 through the space provided by the predetermined gap, subsequently, leads to the generation of bubbles. Therefore, predetermined gap between the first and second body members provides the technical effect of allowing the compressed gas to exit the bubble generating device 200 through the space provided by the predetermined gap. Thereby, generating vertically rising bubbles from the bubble generation device 200.

[0090] In an embodiment, the predetermined gap being within the range of 5 to 20 millimeters ensures that a required amount of space is maintained between the first and second body members. Optionally, the spacer element 208A-C is sized to provide the predetermined gap within the range of 5, 10, 15 to 10, 15, 20 millimeters. The predetermined gap within the range of 5 to 20 millimeters provides a technical effect of controlling the flow of compressed air through the bubble generating device 200. A gap of 20 millimeters provides a maximum airflow through the bubble generating device 200 which is required to clear out a substantial amount of thick sludge that has accumulated about the bubble generating device 200. However, the increased airflow does place an increasing demand on the supply of compressed air to the bubble generating device 200. This may become problematic if the supply of compressed air is limited. A gap of 5 millimeters provides a minimum airflow through the bubble generating device 200 which is required to clear out a less substantial amount of thick sludge that has accumulated about the bubble generating device 200. However, this decreased airflow places a decreasing demand on the supply of compressed air to the bubble generating device 200. This is advantageous if the supply of compressed air is limited. Optionally, the spacer element 208A-C is sized to provide the predetermined gap which is greater than 25 millimeters.

[0091] In an embodiment, the first body member 202 comprises an aperture, which may be in the form of an opening or a hole. The second body member 206 comprises an aperture, which may be in the form of an opening or a hole. The spacer element 208A-C comprises an aperture, which may be in the form of an opening or hole. The apertures within the first body member 202, second body members 206 and spacer element 208A-C are aligned so that a cooperating fastening device 210A-C can pass therethrough. The cooperating fastening device 210A-C extend through the assemble bubble generating device 200 and protrude from the outer surface of the second body member 206. This protrusion of the cooperating fastening device 210A-C provides the secure attachment or connection between of the first body member 202, second body member 206 and each spacer element 208A-C to a surface of the fluid storage tank. The surface may be the bottom and / or side wall surfaces of the fluid storage tank.

[0092] Optionally, the corresponding cooperating fastening device 210A-C is one of: a screw, a bolt, a fastener, or the like. Notably, the corresponding cooperating fastening device 210A- C can fasten each of the first body member 202, the second body member 206 and each spacer element 208A-C to the surface of the fluid storage tank, as the corresponding cooperating fastening device 210A-C is attached with the surface of the fluid storage tank.

[0093] In use, the second body member 206 comprises a raised portion 214, that spaces the outer surface of the second body member 206 attached to the bottom surface of the fluid storage tank. The fastening device 210A-C provides a technical effect of releasably fastening the first body member 202, second body member 206 and each spacer element 208A-C to the bottom surface of the fluid storage tank. Therefore, the bubble generating device 200 can be removed for replacement, repair or maintenance purposes.

[0094] In an embodiment, the first body member 202 and the second body member 206 are formed from the circular plate material. The plate material may be formed from a metallic, or non- metallic material.

[0095] In an embodiment, the compressed gas coupling is a mechanical connection or interface that enables the transfer of the compressed gas from the compressed gas means to the gas inlet 204. The compressed gas coupling enables to control and regulate the flow of the compressed gas to the gas inlet 204. The compressed gas coupling provides a technical effect of effectively transferring a compressed gas from a compressed gas source to the gas inlet 204 via compressed gas carrying conduit means.

[0096] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device 200 is arranged on the floor of the fluid storage tank to facilitate the vertical movement of the bubbles released into the two-phase HDF. In an implementation, the bubble generating device 200 comprises the plurality of bubble generating devices that are arranged on the floor of the fluid storage tank in form of an array or a line on the floor of the fluid storage tank. Arranging a bubble generating device 200 on the floor of the fluid storage tank provides a technical effect of generating a vertical movement of bubbles originating from the bottom of the fluid storage tank to the surface of the retained two-phase HDF. The two-phase HDF has the effect of providing a shearthinning (pseudoplastic) non-newtonian fluid. Therefore, the bubbles generated by the bubble generating device 200 create a local increase of the shear rate in the two-phase HDF. This has the effect of reducing the viscosity of the two-phase HDF, which allows an easier or more efficient pumping, turbining etc of the two-phase HDF. The vertical movement of bubbles originating from the bottom of the tank has a second effect of remixing the dispersant element which has collected on the surface on two-phase HDF, back into the two-phase HDF.

[0097] Thereby the draft caused of the raising bubbles mixes the retained two-phase HDF along the vertical path of the rising bubble.

[0098] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device 200 is arranged on the wall of the fluid storage tank to ensure that the bubbles are released in close proximity to the two-phase HDF retained by the wall. Therefore, allowing for efficient mixing of the first phase and the second phase of the two-phase HDF. In an implementation, the bubble generating device 200 comprises the plurality of bubble generating devices that are arranged on the wall of the fluid storage tank in form of an array or a line on the wall of the fluid storage tank. Arranging the bubble generating device 200 on the side wall of the fluid storage tank provides a technical effect of generating a vertical movement of bubbles from the side wall of the fluid storage tank to the surface of the retained two-phase HDF. Thereby the draft caused by the raising bubbles mixes the retained two-phase HDF along the vertical path of the rising bubble. Preferably, the first and second body members of the bubble generating device 200 are positioned so that they are level (parallel) with the floor of the fluid storage tank. Therefore, the bubble generating device must be arranged on a supporting bracket, which is attached to the side wall of the fluid storage tank. If the first and second body members of the bubble generating device 200 are not level, the plates will not provide the rising bubbles with a large contact area with the accumulated thick sludge.

[0099] In an embodiment, the floor of the fluid storage tank being sloped down from a first side of the fluid storage tank towards the opposite a second side of the fluid storage tank. The bottom floor of the fluid storage tank is gradually inclined downwards in a direction from the first side of the fluid storage tank to the second side of the fluid storage tank. At the bottom, the slope of the floor ends at the lowest point of the second side of the fluid storage tank. A trough in a concave or a U-shaped cross-section extending substantially across the width of the sloped bottom floor.

[0100] In an embodiment, the bubble generating device 200 is disposed within the trough that is located within the vicinity before an outlet arranged within the fluid storage tank. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "vicinity refers to the surrounding area or region in a close proximity of the outlet arranged within the fluid storage tank. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "outlet" refers to a passage or opening arranged within the wall of the fluid storage tank. The bubble generating device 200 may also be disposed within any vicinity before the outlet arranged fluid storage tank.

[0101] Beneficially, the strategic arrangement of the bubble generating device, whether on the floor, wall, or within a trough of the storage tank, offers distinct technical benefits. Floormounted bubble generating device configurations enable vertical drafts that shear-thin the two-phase HDF, remix settled dispersant, and maintain circulation of high-density fractions. Trough-mounted bubble generating device configurations, adjacent to outlets, prevent sludge accumulation and ensure rapid re-homogenisation prior to discharge. Spacer- defined gaps between body members provide enhanced sludge clearance, reducing maintenance and extending operational uptime.

[0102] As shown in figure 3, at step 302 compressed gas is provided to bubble generating device 200 arranged within a fluid storage tank that is connectable to a compressed gas means, wherein the fluid storage tank is configured to retain a volume of the two-phase HDF, the fluid storage tank having walls, a floor, a base, and a tank outlet. At step 304, the bubble generating device is activated. At step 306, bubbles are emitted from the bubble generating device, wherein vertical movement of the bubbles creates a draft under each bubble which pulls the surrounding two-phase HDF up towards each bubble, thereby providing a turbulence which is sufficient for providing a switch from a first fluid mode of the two-phase HDF, to a second fluid mode of the two-phase HDF for providing the two-phase HDF in a homogenized form. The present disclosure provides an aforementioned two-phase high-density fluid (HDF), fluid control system and fluid control method that efficiently switches the fluid modes of the two-phase HDF. The two-phase HDF is bi-modal in nature which enables the two-phase HDF to self-stabilize on being kept idle for longer periods of time in the first fluid mode, and while being in the second fluid mode to exhibit low-viscosity and highly flexible nature, making the two-phase HDF suitable for operation. Thus, the two-phase HDF remains in optimal condition being in use as well as being kept idle. Moreover, the use of bubbles provides an energy efficient and cost-effective way of switching the first fluid mode of the two-phase HDF to the second fluid mode of the two-phase HDF.

[0103] In an embodiment, a plurality of bubble generating devices 200 may be attached to an inner surface of the fluid storage tank. Alternatively, a plurality of bubble generating devices 200 may be attached to an inner surface of the trough within the fluid storage tank. Alternatively, a bubble generating device 200 may be attached to the bottom and / or side surface of the fluid storage tank.

[0104] With reference to figures 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 6, 7A and 7B, illustrated are graphical representations depicting comparative study on different sample, namely Sample A and Sample B, to assess their physical and rheological properties when subjected to different levels of shear and mixing. Herein, Sample A refers to a revived fluid comprising a 500 L bulk fluid siphoned from the mixing tank. The Sample A has a specific gravity (SG) of less than 2.5 due to settled material. Moreover, the fluid of Sample A is manually topped up to achieve SG with a low shear agitator. The Sample A is recirculated through the bentonite pump (high shear applied) for three hours. Moreover, Sample B is a formulated fluid prepared using the disclosed stock concentrations of bentonite and dispersant to prepare a premix of the additive stock concentrations. The premix is mixed with barite, and the mixture is recirculated through the high shear pump to achieve the target SG. Similar to the Sample A, the mixture of Sample B is recirculated through the bentonite pump for three hours. Sample B is subjected material to shear immediately on the addition of barite, rather than adding all barite before applying shear as in Sample A. This allowed the barite to be added quite quickly, not significantly increasing total shear time in case of Sample B. Moreover, both the Samples A and B get heated up over the course of preparation, and become foamy due to increased temperature. Furthermore, both the Samples A and B demonstrate gellike qualities after significant shear. Both the Samples A and B were subjected to a shear for different time periods. For example, Sample A of average SG of 2.51 was subjected to shear to achieve an average SG of 2.50 over a period of 30 minutes, 2.51 over a period of 120 minutes and 2.52 over a period of 24 hours. Similarly, Sample B of average SG of 2.49 was subjected to shear to achieve an average SG of 2.50 over a period of 30 minutes, 2.50 over a period of 600 minutes and 2.49 over a period of 120 minutes. It may be appreciated that specific gravity measurements confirm the fluid is mixed to target density specification and subsequent samples, namely Samples A and B, are representative of bulk high-density fluid.

[0105] As shown in figure 4A, illustrated is a graphical representation of yield point as a function of shear time after the target specific gravity was reached. Herein, the X-axis represents shear time in minutes, while the Y-axis represents yield point in Pascals (Pa). As shown, both Sample A and Sample B exhibit progressive increases in yield point with added shear, moving closer to the laboratory target value. Sample B consistently exceeds Sample A at equivalent shear intervals, demonstrating the effect of correct additive dosage in strengthening gel structure.

[0106] As shown in figure 4B, illustrated is a graphical representation of flow point as a function of shear time after the target specific gravity was reached. Herein, the X-axis represents shear time in minutes, while the Y-axis represents flow point in Pascals (Pa). As shown, yield point measurements for Sample B reaches the target flow point within 30 minutes of shear application, whereas yield point measurements for Sample A remains below the laboratory reference, indicating that correct additive dosage improves structural gel strength. An anomalous dip in both yield and flow points of Sample B values at 60 minutes is attributed to thermal effects during high shear mixing.

[0107] Collectively, the graphs of figures 4A and 4B demonstrate the evolution of yield point and flow point with increasing shear time after the target specific gravity. Notably, the shear treatment progressively aligns the Sample A (revived fluid) and Sample B (formulated fluid) with laboratory benchmarks as additional shear is applied, with additive-optimized formulations showing superior performance. Thus, the amplitude sweeps confirm that extended shear facilitates structural rebuilding of the high-density fluid, with additive- controlled formulations outperforming revived fluids.

[0108] With reference to the graphs of figures 5A-5D, demonstrated are viscosity curves of the Samples A and B when subjected to multi-shear regimes. Viscosity curves are measured across a range of shear rates (9000 s-1, 217 s-1, 108 s-1, and 10.5 s-1).

[0109] As shown in figure 5A, illustrated is a graphical representation of viscosity measured at a shear rate of 9000 s-1as a function of shear time. Herein, the X-axis represents shear time in minutes, while the Y-axis represents viscosity in centipoise (cP). Both Sample A and Sample B converge to the laboratory target within 30 minutes, indicating rapid homogenisation under high-shear conditions.

[0110] As shown in figure 5B, illustrated is a graphical representation of viscosity at a shear rate of 217 s-1versus shear time. Both Sample A and Sample B achieve target values after 30 minutes, with Sample B showing elevated viscosity relative to Sample A, demonstrating enhanced structural stability.

[0111] As shown in figure 5C, illustrated is a graphical representation of viscosity at a shear rate of 108 s-1versus shear time. Again, both samples attain values aligned with the laboratory reference after 30 minutes of shear, with Sample B exhibiting higher viscosity performance over the duration, suggesting improved suspension stability.

[0112] As shown in figure 5D, illustrated is a graphical representation of viscosity at a shear rate of 10.5 s-1versus shear time. Both Sample A and Sample B exhibit improvements relative to the LoDES baseline, yet both remain below the laboratory target, highlighting the sensitivity of low-shear behaviour. At lower shear rates, both fluids improve over the LoDES baseline yet fall slightly short of the laboratory target. This behaviour highlights the importance of shear duration in achieving uniform performance across regimes, with additive-optimized formulations (Sample B) showing enhanced resistance to viscosity loss under intermediate shear

[0113] Collectively, figure 5A-5D demonstrate that additive-optimized formulations sustain higher viscosity across mid-shear regimes while confirming that high-shear recirculation is sufficient to restore fluid performance within 30 minutes.

[0114] As shown in figure 6, illustrated is a graphical representation of viscosity measured at a shear rate of 1 s-1as a function of shear time. Herein, the X-axis represents shear time in minutes, while the Y-axis represents viscosity in centipoise (cP). As shown, both Sample A and Sample B demonstrate marked improvements over the LoDES baseline, evidencing enhanced stability at low-shear conditions. No significant difference is observed between Sample A and Sample B within this regime, though both remain slightly below laboratory reference values. The wide error bars reflect the inherent imprecision of low-shear measurements. Technical significance lies in the fact that viscosity at low shear is a predictive indicator of suspension stability, suggesting that both revived and formulated fluids demonstrate enhanced storage performance compared to baseline despite marginal deviation from the laboratory target. However, the lack of significant differentiation between Samples A and B in this region implies that additive optimization exerts less influence under low-shear storage conditions than it does under operational shear regimes As shown in figure 7A, illustrated is a graphical representation of syneresis percentage as a function of shear time. Herein, the X-axis represents shear time in minutes, while the Y- axis represents syneresis as a percentage of total volume separated. As shown, Sample B consistently exhibits lower syneresis values than Sample A, underscoring the importance of correct additive dosing in reducing liquid separation. Both samples show rapid improvement after the first 30 minutes of shear, followed by plateauing trends, indicating that early application of shear is critical for long-term stability.

[0115] With reference to FIG. 7B, illustrated are photographic images of cylindrical settling tubes corresponding to the syneresis analysis of FIG. 7A. Each tube depicts the extent of liquid separation and sedimentation after defined intervals of shear application. The upper transparent layers 702 indicate the separated liquid fraction, while the lower opaque regions 704 comprise the settled particulate and gel phases. As shown, Sample A exhibits a more translucent supernatant with clearer stratification, signifying higher syneresis and weaker dispersant action. In contrast, Sample B appears more opaque throughout, suggesting a greater retention of fines and dispersant in suspension, correlating with the reduced syneresis percentage observed in FIG. 7A. The photographic images of FIG. 7B thus provide a visual confirmation of the quantitative syneresis data, demonstrating that correct additive dosing promotes improved suspension stability, and reduced phase separation and maintaining homogeneity during storage. Thus, as shown, shear application coupled with optimized additive dosage significantly mitigates syneresis, yielding improved long-term stability in high-density fluids.

[0116] As shown in figure 8, illustrated is a graphical representation of the relationship between pump speed (RPM) and various operational parameters of the barite addition system, namely suction rate, motive flow, inlet pressure (Pin), outlet pressure (Pout), and pump outlet pressure. As shown, both suction rate and motive flow increase with rising pump speed, wherein motive flow exhibits a near-linear progression across the tested range, reaching approximately 50 m3 / h at 1000 RPM, while suction rate increases at a lower gradient and begins to plateau beyond 900 RPM. The plateauing behaviour of the suction rate indicates a limitation in suction capacity relative to motive flow at higher pump speeds. Moreover, the pump inlet and outlet pressures (Pin and Pout) remain relatively stable across the tested speed range, with only marginal increases noted, reflecting the design intent of maintaining low-pressure differentials through the eductor-pump arrangement. In contrast, the Pout rises steadily with pump speed, exceeding 2.5 bar at 1000 RPM, confirming the increasing energy demand required to sustain higher motive flows. Thus, higher pump speeds increase motive flow and suction, excessive speeds yield diminishing returns on suction performance. Notably, control strategy, i.e., transitioning from fixed-speed operation to variable-speed operation, based on measured specific gravity of the fluid ensures adaptive control to achieve optimal suction rates while avoiding unnecessary energy expenditure or excessive outlet pressures. As shown in figure 9, illustrated is a schematic illustration of supplying the weighing element. The weighing element (such as barite) is supplied in 1 .5 metric ton bags 902, 904 arranged at two unloading towers, namely, a first unloading tower 906 and a second unloading tower 908, to empty bags 902, 904 sequentially in a batch-feed mode. In this regard, while one bag 902 empties at the first unloading tower 906 and the barite is sucked into the fluid, the second unloading tower 908 is reloaded with a fresh bag 904, such that barite is added in batch-feed mode. Herein, 19 metric tons per hour of barite is incorporated into the fluid (while actively drawing from bags), requiring 52 m3per hour (or lower) of motive flow rate (i.e., the recirculation rate of fluid through the eductor nozzle) to achieve an optimal suction rate. It may be appreciated that the batch-feed mode may vary pump speed, rather than use a fixed pump speed, to achieve a target motive flow rate, as a function of measured specific gravity (SG) of the two-phase HDF.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) having a first fluid mode and a second fluid mode, wherein in the first fluid mode the two-phase HDF comprises a first phase depleted of a solid material and a second phase in which the solid material has settled, and wherein in the second fluid mode the two-phase HDF is homogenised upon activation.

2. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to claim 1 , further comprising a weighting element, a volumizing element, a dispersant element and a base element, wherein the weighting element is in a range of 70 to 90% of an overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF.

3. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to claim 2, wherein the weighting element is a barium sulphate material.

4. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to claim 2 to 3 wherein the volumizing element is in a range of 0.84 to 1.04% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF.

5. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to claim 4, wherein the volumizing element is a clay.

6. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to any of the claims 2 to 5 wherein the dispersant element is in a range of 0.08 to 0.16% of the overall fraction by weight of the two-phase HDF.

7. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to claim 6, wherein the dispersant element is a lignosulphonate material.

8. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to any of the claims 2 to 7, wherein the base element is an alkali material.

9. A two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising water.

10. A fluid control system (100) for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) of any of the claims 1-9, comprising a fluid storage tank (102) configured to retain a volume of the two-phase HDF, wherein the fluid storage tank have walls, a floor, a base, and a tank outlet; characterised in that,the fluid storage tank comprises a bubble generating device (104, 200) that are connectable to a compressed gas means, wherein the a bubble generating device is configured to release bubbles into the two-phase HDF to change a first fluid mode of the two-phase HDF to a second fluid mode of the two-phase HDF, based on a vertical movement of the bubbles to mix a first phase and a second phase of the two-phase HDF to homogenize the two-phase HDF.

11. A fluid control system (100) according to claim 10, wherein the bubble generating device (104, 200) is arranged on the floor of the fluid storage tank (102).

12. A fluid control system (100) according to claim 10 or 11 , wherein the bubble generating device (104, 200) is arranged on the wall of the fluid storage tank (102).

13. A fluid control system (100) according to any of the claims 10 to 12, wherein the floor of the fluid storage tank (102) is sloped down from a side of the fluid storage tank towards an opposite side of the fluid storage tank, such that the fluid storage tank further comprising a trough that extends substantially across a bottom of the slope of the floor, and wherein the bubble generating device (104, 200) is arranged within the trough in the fluid storage tank.

14. A fluid control system (100) according to claim 13, wherein the bubble generating device (104, 200) is disposed within a vicinity before an outlet arranged within the trough.

15. A fluid control system (100) according to any of the claims 10 to 14, wherein the bubble generating device (104, 200) comprises a first body member (202), a gas inlet (204) arranged on a first side of the first body member, a gas outlet arranged on a second side of the first body member, and wherein the second side of the first body member provides a guide surface to facilitate the vertical movement of bubbles from the gas outlet to an outer edge of the first body member.

16. A fluid control system (100) according to claim 15, wherein the bubble generating device (104, 200) further comprises a second body member (206) and a spacer element (208A-C), and wherein the second body member is arranged adjacent to the first body member (202) whereby the spacer element is disposed between the first and second body members to define a predetermined gap.

17. A fluid control system (100) according to any of the claims 16, wherein the predetermined gap provides a space through which an emitted gas from the gas outlet exits the bubble generating device (104, 200).

18. A fluid control system (100) according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the spacer element (208A-C) is sized to provide the predetermined gap within a range of 5 to 20 millimeters.

19. A fluid control system (100) according to any of the claims 15 to 18, wherein the first body member (202), the second body member (206) and each spacer element (208A-C), each comprises an aperture through which a corresponding cooperating fastening device (210A-C) is arranged to fasten the bubble generator to a surface of the fluid storage tank (102).

20. A fluid control system (100) according to any of the claims 15 to 19, wherein both the first body member (202) and the second body member (206) are formed from circular plate material.21 . A fluid control system (100) according to any of the claims 15 to 20, wherein the first body member (202) further comprises a compressed gas coupling connected to the gas inlet (204).

22. A fluid control method for switching fluid modes of a two-phase high-density fluid (HDF) of any of the claims 1-9, comprising: providing compressed gas to a bubble generating device (104, 200) arranged within a fluid storage tank (102) that is connectable to a compressed gas means, wherein the fluid storage tank is configured to retain a volume of the two-phase HDF, the fluid storage tank having walls, a floor, a base, and a tank outlet; activating the bubble generating device; and emitting bubbles from the bubble generating device, wherein vertical movement of the bubbles creates a draft under each bubble which pulls the surrounding two-phase HDF up towards each bubble, thereby providing a turbulence which is sufficient for providing a switch from a first fluid mode of the two-phase HDF, to a second fluid mode of the two- phase HDF for providing the two-phase HDF in a homogenized form.

23. A fluid control method according to claim 22, further comprising: activating a solenoid valve arranged for interrupting a flow of the compressed gas to a gas outlet of the bubble generating device (104, 200); and pulsing the solenoid valve for providing short bursts of the compressed gas to the gas outlet of the bubble generating device.

Images