Use of maltol or analog thereof as plant growth regulator

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth regulators. Provided is the use of maltol or an analog thereof as a plant growth regulator. To screen a plant growth regulator derived from microorganisms, a plant growth regulator containing an aqueous solution of maltol or an aqueous solution of a maltol analog is provided, and the concentration of maltol or of the maltol analog in the plant growth regulator is 10-100 mg / L. By means of indoor seed germination experiments, indoor and outdoor pot experiments, and field experiments, the plant growth-promoting activity of the maltol and analog thereof is studied. It is found that maltol and the analog thereof can promote the growth and development of different food crops or vegetables by means of different application methods, have the effects of promoting plant seed germination and plant growth and improving plant yield and low-temperature stress resistance, can be used in agricultural production as a new plant growth regulator derived from microorganisms and which is highly efficient, has a long effect duration, and is non-toxic and low cost, and have development and utilization values and application prospects in agricultural production.

Description

Application of glutamic acid or its analogues as plant growth regulators Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant growth regulator technology, specifically relating to the application of glutamic acid or its analogues as plant growth regulators. Background Technology

[0002] Plant growth regulators (PGRs), as a class of organic compounds with plant hormone activity, can regulate crop growth and development and promote the development of cultivation techniques (Pan Chen, Yang Yu, Qi Dongliang. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application patterns on dry matter and yield of rice under different irrigation conditions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2023, 42(2):73–78.). In recent years, research on the regulation of plant resistance to abiotic stress by plant growth regulators has yielded many results. Plant growth regulators have a significant effect on improving the growth and production capacity of plants by changing their resistance to stress. They have a prominent mitigating effect on many abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, and flooding (Li Fugen, Wang Yiyan, Liu Shaoren, et al. Terminology for Pesticide Registration Management Part 1: Basic Terminology, NY / T 1667.1-2008, Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China, 2008.).

[0003] Maltol, also known as malt extract, is a plant growth promoter isolated from the metabolites of endophytic bacteria in rapeseed flowers. It is a broad-spectrum flavor enhancer commonly added to baked goods, desserts, and cosmetics, and is widely used in the food, beverage, brewing, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries (Liu Jing, Xing Jian. 7 Steps to Food Formulation Design: Chemical Industry Press, 2012, 84).

[0004] Ethyl maltol, also known as gluten analogue, is chemically named 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyranone. Ethyl maltol is a food additive used in small quantities with significant effects. As a flavor enhancer and aroma modifier, its application is becoming increasingly widespread. It is a good flavor enhancer for tobacco, food, beverages, flavorings, fruit wines, and daily cosmetics, significantly improving and enhancing the aroma of food. It also sweetens sweet foods and extends their shelf life (Mu Min, Zheng Fuping, Sun Baoguo, et al. Synthesis of maltol and ethyl maltol and their application in the food industry [J]. China Food Journal, 2006, 6(1):4.).

[0005] However, there are currently no reports in the existing technology regarding the use of glutamic acid or its analogues as plant growth regulators. Since glutamic acid can be isolated from plants (such as the tar of beech trees, pine needles, chicory, and larch bark) and microorganisms, its use as a plant growth regulator would be of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To screen for plant growth regulators derived from microorganisms, this invention previously isolated a plant growth-promoting compound from the metabolites of endophytic bacteria in rapeseed flowers, naming it glutamic acid. Identification revealed that glutamic acid is maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyranone). This invention investigated the plant growth-promoting properties of glutamic acid and its analogue ethyl maltol (2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyranone) using indoor seed germination experiments, indoor and outdoor pot experiments, and field experiments. The results showed that glutamic acid and its analogues can promote the growth and development of different grain crops or vegetables through different application methods. Based on these research findings, this invention provides the application of glutamic acid or its analogues as plant growth regulators, with the specific technical solution as follows:

[0007] The first objective of this invention is to provide the application of glutamic acid or its analogues as an effective component of plant growth regulators in promoting the growth of vegetable seedlings. The application involves spraying vegetable seedlings with an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or a glutamic acid analogue at a concentration of 10 mg / L-100 mg / L. The glutamic acid is maltol, and the glutamic acid analogue is ethyl maltol. The vegetables include fruit vegetables and leafy vegetables.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the growth of vegetable seedlings refers to increasing the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of fruit vegetable seedlings, or increasing the plant height, root length, leaf area and fresh weight of leafy vegetable seedlings.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fruit vegetables include tomatoes, peppers and eggplants, and the leafy vegetables include bok choy, spinach, romaine lettuce, lettuce and rapeseed.

[0010] The second objective of this invention is to provide the application of glutamic acid or its analogues as an effective component of plant growth regulators in promoting rice seed germination. This application involves soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or a glutamic acid analogue at a concentration of 30 mg / L-90 mg / L. The glutamic acid is maltol, and the glutamic acid analogue is ethyl maltol.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the soaking is performed at room temperature for 48 hours.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting rice seed germination refers to increasing the germination rate, shoot length, and root length of rice seeds.

[0013] Preferably, the concentration of the glutamic acid aqueous solution is 50 mg / L, and the concentration of the glutamic acid analog aqueous solution is 70 mg / L.

[0014] The third objective of this invention is to provide the application of glutamic acid or its analogues as an effective component of plant growth regulators in improving the cold resistance of rice seeds. This application involves soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or a glutamic acid analogue at a concentration of 30 mg / L-90 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to promote germination of rice seeds under low-temperature conditions, wherein the low temperature is 15-18°C. The glutamic acid is maltol, and the glutamic acid analogue is ethyl maltol.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the soaking is performed at room temperature for 48 hours.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the germination of rice seeds under low temperature conditions refers to increasing the germination rate, shoot length, and root length of rice seeds under low temperature conditions.

[0017] Preferably, the concentration of the glutamic acid aqueous solution is 50 mg / L, and the concentration of the glutamic acid analog aqueous solution is 70 mg / L.

[0018] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide the application of maltodextrin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in promoting rice development. The application involves soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of maltodextrin at a concentration of 30-50 mg / L to promote the growth and tillering of rice at different growth stages. The maltodextrin is maltol.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the soaking is performed at room temperature for 48 hours.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the growth and tillering of rice at different growth stages refers to increasing the plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of rice seedlings, and increasing the plant height and number of tillers during the tillering and heading stages.

[0021] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide the application of maltodextrin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in improving the cold resistance of rice seedlings. The application involves soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of maltodextrin at a concentration of 30-50 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to promote the growth of rice seedlings under low-temperature conditions, wherein the low temperature is 15-18°C; and the maltodextrin is maltol.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the soaking is performed at room temperature for 48 hours.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the growth of rice seedlings under low temperature conditions refers to increasing the plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of rice seedlings under low temperature conditions.

[0024] The sixth objective of this invention is to provide the application of maltodextrin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in improving rice yield. The application involves soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of maltodextrin at a concentration of 30-50 mg / L as a plant growth regulator. The maltodextrin is maltol.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the soaking is performed at room temperature for 48 hours.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, increasing rice yield refers to increasing the number of effective panicles, yield per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains, seed setting rate, thousand-grain weight, grain length, and grain width.

[0027] The seventh objective of this invention is to provide the application of maltodextrin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in promoting the germination of grain crop seeds. The application uses a seed coating agent with a maltodextrin concentration of 5-10 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds; wherein the maltodextrin is maltol.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the food crops include rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the germination of grain crop seeds refers to increasing the germination rate of grain crop seeds.

[0030] The eighth objective of this invention is to provide the application of maltodextrin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in improving the cold resistance of grain crop seeds. The application uses a seed coating agent with a maltodextrin concentration of 5-10 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds to promote germination of grain crop seeds under low temperature conditions, wherein the low temperature is 15-18°C; the maltodextrin is maltol.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the food crops include rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the germination of grain crop seeds under low temperature conditions refers to increasing the germination rate of grain crop seeds under low temperature conditions.

[0033] The ninth objective of this invention is to provide the application of maltodextrin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in promoting the growth of grain crop seedlings, wherein the application uses a seed coating agent with a maltodextrin concentration of 5-10 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds; wherein the maltodextrin is maltol.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the food crops include rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the growth of grain crop seedlings refers to increasing the plant height and root length of grain crop seedlings.

[0036] The tenth objective of this invention is to provide the application of maltodextrin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in improving the cold resistance of grain crop seedlings. The application uses a seed coating agent with a maltodextrin concentration of 5-10 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds, thereby promoting the growth of grain crop seedlings under low temperature conditions. The maltodextrin is maltol.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the food crops include rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, promoting the growth of grain crop seedlings under low temperature conditions refers to increasing the plant height and root length of grain crop seedlings under low temperature conditions.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0040] This invention discovers that aqueous solutions of maltol or its analogue (ethyl maltol) can act as plant growth regulators to regulate the growth and development of grain crops and vegetables, with the following specific effects:

[0041] This invention, through indoor pot experiment, found that spraying vegetable seedlings with an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or its analogues can promote the growth of vegetable seedlings, specifically by increasing the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of fruit vegetable seedlings, or increasing the plant height, root length, leaf area and fresh weight of leafy vegetable seedlings.

[0042] This invention, through indoor seed germination experiments, found that soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or its analogues can promote the germination of rice seeds under normal temperature and low temperature stress conditions, and improve the cold resistance of rice seeds. Specifically, it can improve the germination rate, shoot length and root length of rice seeds under normal temperature or low temperature stress conditions.

[0043] This invention, through indoor pot experiments, found that soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of glutamic acid can promote the growth of rice seedlings under normal temperature and low temperature stress conditions, and improve the cold resistance of rice seedlings. Specifically, it can increase the plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of rice seedlings under normal temperature or low temperature stress conditions.

[0044] This invention, through outdoor pot experiments and field experiments, found that soaking rice seeds in an aqueous solution of glutathione can promote the growth and tillering of rice at different growth stages, thereby increasing rice yield. Specifically, it increases plant height during the seedling, tillering, and heading stages, increases the number of tillers during the tillering and heading stages, and increases the number of effective panicles, yield per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains, seed setting rate, thousand-grain weight, grain length, and grain width.

[0045] This invention, through indoor pot experiments, found that soaking grain crop seeds in a coating agent with glutenin aqueous solution as the active ingredient can promote the germination of grain crop seeds under normal temperature and low temperature stress conditions, promote the growth of grain crop seedlings under normal temperature and low temperature stress conditions, and improve the cold resistance of grain crop seeds and seedlings. Specifically, it can improve the germination rate of grain crop seeds and the plant height and root length of seedlings under normal temperature or low temperature stress conditions.

[0046] In summary, the aqueous solution of glutathione or its analogues provided by this invention promotes seed germination and plant growth, increases plant yield, and enhances resistance to low-temperature stress. It can be applied to agricultural production as a novel, highly efficient, long-lasting, non-toxic, and low-cost plant growth regulator derived from microorganisms, demonstrating significant development and utilization value and application prospects in agricultural production. This invention provides a research foundation for its further registration, application, mass production, and large-scale agricultural use, and has important practical significance. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 shows the effect of soaking seeds in a 50 mg / L glutamic acid aqueous solution on the growth status of rice seedlings in an indoor pot experiment at room temperature and low temperature; where NT CK is the control group at room temperature, NT Tr is the treatment group at room temperature, LT CK is the control group at low temperature, and LT Tr is the treatment group at low temperature.

[0048] Figure 2 shows the effect of soaking seeds in a 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution on the growth status of rice seedlings at different growth stages in an outdoor pot experiment; where CK is the control group and Tr is the treatment group.

[0049] Figure 3 shows the effect of soaking seeds in a 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution on the growth status of rice seedlings at different growth stages in a field experiment; where A in Figure 3 represents the growth status of rice seedlings, B represents the growth status of rice tillering stage, C represents the growth status of rice heading stage, and D represents the growth status of rice maturity stage; CK is the control group, and Tr is the treatment group.

[0050] Figure 4 shows the effects of coating rice, wheat, corn, and soybean seeds with an effective concentration of 10 mg / L of glutenin on the growth status of rice, wheat, corn, and soybean seedlings in an indoor pot experiment at room temperature. In Figure 4, A represents the growth status of rice seedlings, B represents the growth status of wheat seedlings, C represents the growth status of corn seedlings, and D represents the growth status of soybean seedlings; CK represents the control group, and Tr represents the treatment group.

[0051] Figure 5 shows the effects of coating rice, wheat, corn, and soybean seeds with an effective concentration of 10 mg / L of glutenin on the growth status of rice, wheat, corn, and soybean seedlings in an indoor low-temperature pot experiment. In Figure 5, A represents the growth status of rice seedlings, B represents the growth status of wheat seedlings, C represents the growth status of corn seedlings, and D represents the growth status of soybean seedlings. CK represents the control group, and Tr represents the treatment group. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein are not all embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, and the materials, reagents and instruments used are conventional materials, reagents and instruments in the art, which can be obtained by those skilled in the art through commercial channels.

[0054] The glutenin described in this invention is also known as maltol, with the chemical name 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyranone, and its chemical structural formula is shown in Formula I; the glutenin analogue described in this invention is also known as ethyl maltol, with the chemical name 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyranone, and its chemical structural formula is shown in Formula II.

[0055] Example 1: Application of glutamic acid spraying in promoting the growth of fruit and leafy vegetables

[0056] The application described in this embodiment involves spraying tomato, pepper, eggplant, bok choy, spinach, romaine lettuce, lettuce, and rapeseed seedlings with aqueous solutions of 10 mg / L and 100 mg / L concentrations. The specific steps are as follows:

[0057] (1) Select plump and uniformly sized seeds of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, bok choy, spinach, romaine lettuce, lettuce and rapeseed respectively, and soak them at 28℃ for 6 hours after surface disinfection.

[0058] (2) After soaking, the cracked seeds were sown in flower pots with an inner diameter of 12 cm and a height of 10 cm. Each pot contained 200 g of planting soil and 5 germinated seeds. A blank control group (CK) and a treatment group (Tr) were set up for each crop. Each treatment group was set up in 15 replicates and cultured at 28℃ with a photoperiod of 12 L / 12 D.

[0059] (3) Weigh 10 mg and 100 mg of glutathione respectively, dissolve them in deionized water, and bring the volume to 1 L. On the 5th day after sowing in step (2), thin the seedlings, that is, keep one healthy and uniform seedling in each pot. Spray the seedlings of Tr with the above-mentioned glutathione aqueous solution, and spray the seedlings of CK with deionized water. After the above treatment, continue to cultivate for 14 days, and count the seedling height, stem diameter, root length, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight. The experiment was repeated 3 times, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0060] Table 1. Statistical results of the effects of spraying 100 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution on the growth of fruit vegetable seedlings.

[0061] Table 2. Statistical results of the effect of spraying 100 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution on the growth of leafy vegetable seedlings.

[0062] Table 1 shows that spraying with a 100 mg / L glutenin solution can promote the growth of tomato, pepper, and eggplant seedlings. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of tomatoes increased by 25.56%, 8.1%, 10.29%, and 11.58%, respectively; the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of peppers increased by 18.16%, 6.97%, 23.7%, and 14.7%, respectively; and the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of eggplants increased by 38.78%, 4.74%, 25.29%, and 34.06%, respectively. Table 2 shows that spraying with a 100 mg / L glutenin solution promoted the growth of seedlings of bok choy, spinach, romaine lettuce, lettuce, and rapeseed. Compared with the control, the plant height, root length, leaf area, and fresh weight of bok choy increased by 36.05%, 19.82%, 19.65%, and 33.41%, respectively; while the plant height, root length, leaf area, and fresh weight of spinach increased by 24.86%, 21.82%, 23.28%, and 17.0%, respectively. The plant height, root length, leaf area, and fresh weight of romaine lettuce increased by 11.35%, 12.57%, 13.28%, and 14.2%, respectively; those of lettuce increased by 21.65%, 15.82%, 17.41%, and 25.33%, respectively; and those of rapeseed increased by 38.22%, 18.28%, 33.26%, and 39.33%, respectively. Similar effects were obtained with a 10 mg / L glutamic acid aqueous solution, but the effect was slightly weaker than that of a 100 mg / L concentration.

[0063] Example 2: Application of glutamic acid analogue spraying in promoting the growth of fruit and leafy vegetables

[0064] The application described in this embodiment involves spraying tomato, pepper, eggplant, bok choy, spinach, romaine lettuce, lettuce, and rapeseed seedlings with aqueous solutions of 10 mg / L and 100 mg / L concentrations. The specific steps are as follows:

[0065] (1) Select plump and uniformly sized seeds of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, bok choy, spinach, romaine lettuce, lettuce and rapeseed respectively, and soak them at 28℃ for 8 hours after surface disinfection.

[0066] (2) After soaking, the cracked seeds were sown in flower pots with an inner diameter of 12 cm and a height of 10 cm. Each pot contained 200 g of planting soil and 5 germinated seeds. A blank control group (CK) and a treatment group (Tr) were set up for each crop. Each treatment group was set up in 15 replicates and cultured at 28℃ with a photoperiod of 12 L / 12 D.

[0067] (4) Weigh 10 mg and 100 mg of glutamic acid analogue respectively, dissolve them in deionized water, and bring the volume to 1 L. On the 5th day after sowing in step (2), seedling establishment treatment was carried out, that is, one healthy and uniform seedling was retained in each pot. The above-mentioned glutamic acid analogue aqueous solution was used to spray the Tr seedlings on the leaves, and the CK seedlings were sprayed on the leaves with deionized water. After the above treatment, the seedlings were cultivated for another 14 days. The plant height, stem diameter, root length, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of the seedlings were recorded. The experiment was repeated 3 times, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0068] Table 3. Statistical results of the effect of spraying 100 mg / L glutamic acid analogue aqueous solution on the growth of fruit vegetable seedlings.

[0069] Table 4. Statistical results of the effect of spraying 100 mg / L glutamic acid analogue aqueous solution on the growth of leafy vegetable seedlings.

[0070] As shown in Table 3, spraying with a 100 mg / L aqueous solution of glutenin analogue can promote the growth of tomato, pepper, and eggplant seedlings. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of tomatoes increased by 10.83%, 4.88%, 7.29%, and 11.11%, respectively; the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of peppers increased by 8.36%, 3.21%, 11.86%, and 7.03%, respectively; and the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of eggplants increased by 32.53%, 10.55%, 13.69%, and 17.53%, respectively. Table 4 shows that spraying an aqueous solution of glutenin analogue promoted the growth of seedlings of bok choy, spinach, romaine lettuce, lettuce, and rapeseed. Compared with the control, the plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of bok choy increased by 21.91%, 15.97%, 12.83%, and 17.91%, respectively; while the plant height, root length, leaf area, and fresh weight of spinach increased by 7.23%, 10.47%, 11.15%, and 15.3%, respectively. The plant height, root length, leaf area, and fresh weight of romaine lettuce increased by 7.05%, 4.23%, 1.97%, and 16.35%, respectively; those of lettuce increased by 12.27%, 9.39%, 7.9%, and 16.53%, respectively; and those of rapeseed increased by 14.01%, 11.45%, 13.18%, and 21.43%, respectively. Similar effects were obtained with a 10 mg / L aqueous solution of glutenin analogue, but the effect was slightly weaker than that of a 100 mg / L concentration.

[0071] Example 3: Application of glutamic acid in promoting rice seed germination in the laboratory under ambient or low temperature conditions via seed soaking.

[0072] The application described in this embodiment involves soaking rice seeds in aqueous solutions of glutenin at concentrations ranging from 30 mg / L to 90 mg / L at room temperature for 48 hours. The soaked rice seeds are then placed in a laboratory under either ambient temperature or low-temperature stress conditions for germination experiments. The specific steps are as follows:

[0073] (1) Weigh 100mg of glutamic acid, dissolve it in deionized water, and make up to 1L to prepare a 100mg / L stock solution.

[0074] (2) Take different volumes of the mother liquor from step (1), add deionized water according to the proportion, and dilute it into glutamic acid aqueous solutions of different concentrations between 30 mg / L and 90 mg / L. The concentrations are shown in Table 5.

[0075] (3) Select plump and uniformly sized Longjing 31 rice seeds, disinfect them with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse them with distilled water 3 times, and soak them in gluten-based aqueous solutions of different concentrations for 48 hours.

[0076] (4) After soaking, the rice seeds were transferred to 9cm diameter petri dishes lined with sterile filter paper. Ten rice seeds were placed in each petri dish, and 5mL of sterile deionized water was added to each dish. This process was repeated three times. The petri dishes were then placed in the dark at room temperature (28℃) and low temperature (15℃) for four days, respectively. The germination of the rice seeds was observed, and the root length and shoot length of the rice were recorded. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0077] Table 5. Statistical results of the effects of different concentrations of glutamic acid aqueous solution on rice seed germination at room temperature / low temperature.

[0078] Table 5 shows that soaking rice seeds in aqueous solutions of different concentrations of glutathione can promote seed germination, increase germination rate, and improve cold resistance. In the room temperature germination experiment, the germination-promoting effect was best when the concentration of glutathione aqueous solution was 50 mg / L, with germination rate, root length, and shoot length increasing by 5.45%, 10.00%, and 11.73%, respectively, compared with the room temperature control. In the low temperature stress germination experiment, the germination-promoting effect was best when the concentration of glutathione aqueous solution was 50 mg / L, with germination rate, root length, and shoot length increasing by 6.08%, 12.88%, and 17.09%, respectively, compared with the low temperature control.

[0079] Example 4: Application of glutamic acid analogues in promoting rice seed germination in the laboratory under ambient or low temperature conditions via seed soaking.

[0080] The application described in this embodiment involves soaking rice seeds in aqueous solutions of glutathione analogues at concentrations ranging from 30 mg / L to 90 mg / L at room temperature for 48 hours. The soaked rice seeds are then placed in a laboratory under ambient temperature or low-temperature stress conditions for germination experiments. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] (1) Weigh 100 mg of glutamic acid analogue, dissolve it in deionized water, and make up to 1 L to prepare a 100 mg / L stock solution.

[0082] (2) Take different volumes of the mother liquor from step (1), add deionized water according to the proportion, and dilute it into aqueous solutions of glutamic acid analogues with different concentrations between 30 mg / L and 90 mg / L. The concentrations are shown in Table 6.

[0083] (3) Select plump and uniformly sized Longjing 31 rice seeds, disinfect them with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse them with distilled water 3 times, and soak them in aqueous solutions of gluten analogues of different concentrations for 48 hours.

[0084] (4) After soaking, the rice seeds were transferred to 9cm diameter petri dishes lined with sterile filter paper. Ten rice seeds were placed in each petri dish, and 5mL of sterile deionized water was added to each dish. This process was repeated three times. The petri dishes were then placed in the dark at room temperature (28℃) and at low temperature (15℃) for four days, respectively. The germination of the rice seeds was observed, and the root length and shoot length of the rice were recorded. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0085] Table 6. Statistical results of the effects of soaking rice seeds in aqueous solutions of different concentrations of glutamic acid analogues at room temperature / low temperature on rice seed germination.

[0086] Table 6 shows that soaking rice seeds in aqueous solutions of different concentrations of glutamic acid analogues can promote seed germination, increase germination rate, and improve cold resistance. In the room temperature germination experiment, the germination-promoting effect was best when the concentration of the glutamic acid analogue aqueous solution was 70 mg / L, with germination rate, root length, and shoot length increasing by 5.20%, 9.95%, and 9.42%, respectively, compared to the room temperature control. In the low temperature stress germination experiment, the germination-promoting effect was best when the concentration of the glutamic acid analogue aqueous solution was 70 mg / L, with germination rate, root length, and shoot length increasing by 4.89%, 9.63%, and 19.59%, respectively, compared to the low temperature control.

[0087] Example 5: Application of glutathione in promoting rice seedling growth in indoor pot experiments at normal / low temperature using seed soaking method.

[0088] The application described in this embodiment involves soaking Longjing 31 rice seeds in 30 mg / L and 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solutions at room temperature for 48 hours, respectively. The soaked rice seeds are then sown in pots for an indoor potted rice experiment. The specific steps are as follows:

[0089] (1) Weigh 30 mg and 50 mg of glutenin respectively, dissolve them in deionized water, and make up to 1 L to prepare glutenin aqueous solutions of 30 mg / L and 50 mg / L.

[0090] (2) Select plump and uniformly sized Longjing 31 rice seeds, disinfect them with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse them with distilled water 3 times, and then soak them in 30mg / L and 50mg / L gluten solution for 48 hours respectively. The blank control is soaked in deionized water.

[0091] (3) The soaked Longjing 31 rice seeds were used for pot experiments. Specifically, the seeds with white tips after soaking were transplanted into flower pots with an inner diameter of 12 cm and a height of 10 cm (each pot contained 200 g of planting soil). Five germinated seeds were sown in each pot. Each treatment group was set up with 15 parallels and cultured at room temperature (28℃) and low temperature (15℃) respectively. The photoperiod was 12 L / 12 D. The culture was carried out for 14 days. The plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of rice seedlings were counted. The experiment was repeated 3 times. The results are shown in Table 7 and Figure 1.

[0092] Table 7. Statistical results of the effect of soaking seeds in 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution on the growth of rice seedlings in indoor pot experiments at normal temperature and low temperature.

[0093] As shown in Table 7, soaking rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutamic acid solution can promote the growth of rice seedlings at both normal and low temperatures, and enhance their cold resistance under low-temperature stress. In indoor pot experiments at normal temperature, compared with the control group that did not use glutamic acid solution for soaking, soaking rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutamic acid solution increased the plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of rice seedlings by 30.30%, 6.96%, 29.33%, and 14.39%, respectively. In indoor pot experiments at low temperature, compared with the control group that did not use glutamic acid solution for soaking, soaking rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutamic acid solution increased the plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of rice seedlings by 17.26%, 16.83%, 25.29%, and 13.30%, respectively. Similar results were obtained by testing with a 30 mg / L glutamic acid aqueous solution, but the effect was slightly weaker than that of a 50 mg / L concentration.

[0094] Example 6: Application of glutathione in improving rice plant height, tiller number, and yield in an outdoor pot experiment using seed soaking.

[0095] The application described in this embodiment involves soaking Longjing 31 rice seeds in 30 mg / L and 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solutions, respectively, at room temperature for 48 hours. The soaked rice seeds are then sown in pots for an outdoor potted rice experiment. The specific steps are as follows:

[0096] (1) Weigh 30 mg and 50 mg of glutenin respectively, dissolve them in deionized water, and make up to 1 L to prepare glutenin aqueous solutions of 30 mg / L and 50 mg / L.

[0097] (2) Select plump and uniformly sized Longjing 31 rice seeds, disinfect them with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse them with distilled water 3 times, and then soak them in 30mg / L and 50mg / L gluten solution for 48 hours respectively. The blank control is soaked in deionized water.

[0098] (3) The soaked Longjing 31 rice seeds were used for pot experiments. Specifically, the seeds with white tips after soaking were transplanted into flower pots with an inner diameter of 25cm and a height of 17.5cm (each pot contained 4.5kg of planting soil, 0.74g of ammonium sulfate, 1.47g of urea, and 0.49g of diammonium phosphate). 15 germinated seeds were sown in each pot. When the seedlings grew their first true leaves, seedlings were established, that is, one healthy and uniform seedling was retained in each pot. Each treatment group was set up with 25 parallels. A representative pot of rice was selected and photographed and recorded at each growth cycle.

[0099] The plant height and number of tillers were counted during the tillering and heading stages of rice, and the results are shown in Table 8. The rice plants were photographed during the tillering, heading, and maturity stages, as shown in Figure 2.

[0100] Table 8. Statistical results of the effects of soaking seeds in 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution on rice plant height and tiller number in outdoor pot experiments.

[0101] Table 8 shows that soaking rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutamic acid solution before sowing promotes rice growth and tillering. Compared with the control, the plant height and number of tillers increased by 6.67% and 15.19% respectively during the tillering stage; and by 0.76% and 19.12% respectively during the heading stage. Similar effects were obtained with a 30 mg / L glutamic acid solution, but the effect was slightly weaker than that of the 50 mg / L glutamic acid solution treatment group.

[0102] The number of effective panicles was counted at the rice maturity period, and an indoor seed test was conducted after harvest. The effective number of panicles, yield per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains, seed setting rate, thousand-grain weight, grain length, and grain width were investigated. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0103] Table 9. Statistical results of the effect of seed soaking in 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution on rice yield in outdoor pot experiments.

[0104] As shown in Table 9, soaking rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutamic acid solution before sowing increased the number of effective panicles and improved rice yield. Compared with the control, the number of effective panicles increased by 31.64%, and the yield per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight increased by 36.08%, 9.09%, 6.20%, 14.16%, 7.49%, and 7.27%, respectively. Similar effects were obtained with a 30 mg / L glutamic acid solution, but the effect was slightly weaker than that of the 50 mg / L glutamic acid solution treatment group.

[0105] Example 7: Application of glutathione in improving rice plant height, tiller number, and yield in field experiments using seed soaking method.

[0106] The application described in this embodiment involves soaking Longjing 31 rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution at room temperature for 48 hours. The soaked rice seeds are then directly sown in the field for a rice field experiment. The specific steps are as follows:

[0107] (1) Weigh 50 mg of glutenin, dissolve it in deionized water, and make up to 1 L to prepare a 50 mg / L glutenin aqueous solution.

[0108] (2) Select plump and uniformly sized Longjing 31 rice seeds, disinfect them with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinse them with distilled water 3 times, and then soak them in a 50 mg / L glutenin solution for 48 hours. The blank control is soaked in deionized water.

[0109] (3) The soaked Longjing 31 rice seeds were used in a field experiment. Specifically, the seeds with white tips after soaking were manually sown by direct sowing (spot sowing) over a sowing area of ​​80m². 2 Row spacing 30cm, hole spacing 30cm, sowing rate 5-10 seeds per hole, fertilizer application rate 150kg / hm² of urea. 2 Potassium oxide 70 kg / hm 2 Phosphorus pentoxide 70 kg / hm 2 .

[0110] The plant height and number of tillers were counted at the seedling, tillering and heading stages of rice. The results are shown in Table 10. The rice plants were photographed at the seedling, tillering, heading and maturity stages, as shown in Figure 3.

[0111] Table 10 Statistical results of the effects of glutenin aqueous solution soaking on plant height and tiller number of rice at different growth stages in the field.

[0112] As shown in Table 10, soaking rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutenin solution before direct sowing significantly promoted rice growth at different stages and increased the number of tillers. Compared with the control, the plant height of rice increased by 14.66% in the seedling stage; the plant height and number of tillers increased by 10.51% and 49.81% respectively in the tillering stage; and the plant height and number of tillers increased by 3.63% and 28.43% respectively in the heading stage.

[0113] The number of effective panicles, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains, seed setting rate, thousand-grain weight, and yield per mu were counted at the rice maturity period. The results are shown in Table 11.

[0114] Table 11 Effects of seed soaking in glutenin aqueous solution on rice yield in the field.

[0115] As shown in Table 11, soaking rice seeds in a 50 mg / L glutenin solution before direct sowing significantly increased rice yield. Compared with the control, the number of effective panicles per square meter, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains, the thousand-grain weight, and the yield per mu increased by 18.95%, 20.94%, 17.63%, 6.54%, and 19.40%, respectively.

[0116] Example 8: Application of glutathione as a coating agent in promoting seed germination and seedling development of rice, wheat, corn, and soybean in pot experiments at room temperature / low temperature.

[0117] The application described in this embodiment involves mixing an aqueous solution of glutathione with a general-purpose coating agent. The resulting mixed solution (with an effective concentration of glutathione of 5 mg / L or 10 mg / L) is used to coat rice, wheat, corn, and soybean seeds. The coated rice, wheat, corn, and soybean seeds are then sown in pots and placed under laboratory conditions at room temperature or low-temperature stress. The specific steps are as follows:

[0118] (1) Weigh 100mg of glutenin, dissolve it fully in deionized water, and make up to 1L to prepare a stock solution with a concentration of 100mg / L.

[0119] (2) The mother liquor obtained in step (1) was mixed with the coating agent (active ingredients: 2.35% tebuconazole and 1.88% metalaxyl) at volume ratios of 1:19 and 1:9 respectively. Then, rice, wheat, corn and soybean seeds were coated according to the standard of adding 1 mL of the mixture per 500g of seeds. The seeds were dried in a shady place and were the treatment group (Tr). Seeds coated with the coating agent alone were the control group (CK).

[0120] (3) Coated rice, wheat, corn, and soybean seeds were used in pot experiments. Specifically, the coated seeds were sown in pots with an inner diameter of 12 cm and a height of 10 cm, with 200 g of planting soil in each pot. Five rice seeds were planted in each pot, and three wheat, corn, and soybean seeds were planted in each pot. Each treatment group was set up with 15 replicates. The seeds were cultured at room temperature (28℃) and low temperature (15℃) respectively, with a photoperiod of 12 L / 12 D. Seedlings were cultured for 14 days at room temperature and 21 days at low temperature. The germination rate was recorded at the early stage of germination. For pots at room temperature, corn and soybean seedlings were established on the 4th day after sowing, and for pots at low temperature, corn and soybean seedlings were established on the 7th day after sowing. That is, one healthy and uniform seedling was retained in each pot. After the culture was completed, the plant height and root length of the seedlings were recorded. The experiment was repeated 3 times, and the results are shown in Table 12, Figure 4, and Figure 5.

[0121] Table 12 Statistical results of the effects of 10 mg / L glutamic acid coating on crop seed germination and seedling development in pot experiments at room temperature and low temperature.

[0122] As shown in Table 12, compared with the control group, the germination rate of rice, wheat, corn and soybean was improved after seeds were coated with 10 mg / L glutamic acid, while the low temperature stress of seeds and seedlings was alleviated and seedling growth was promoted. Under normal temperature cultivation conditions, compared with the control group, seed coating with a coating agent containing glutenin aqueous solution increased the germination rate, plant height, and root length of rice, wheat, corn, and soybean by 5.45%, 14.08%, and 13.79%; 1.72%, 28.49%, and 28.72%; 8.69%, 13.07%, and 26.24%; and 4.34%, 17.29%, and 23.36%, respectively. Under low temperature cultivation conditions, compared with the control group, seed coating with a coating agent containing glutenin aqueous solution increased the germination rate, plant height, and root length of rice, wheat, corn, and soybean by 6.08%, 23.24%, and 11.11%; 1.89%, 15.52%, and 17.49%; 16.67%, 13.66%, and 22.63%; and 29.4%, 13.31%, and 47.26%, respectively. Similar results were obtained by using a seed coating agent containing 5 mg / L gluten, but the effect was slightly weaker than that of the 10 mg / L gluten coating treatment group.

[0123] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. The application of glutathione or its analogues as active ingredients in plant growth regulators for promoting the growth of vegetable seedlings, characterized in that, The application uses an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or a glutamic acid analogue at a concentration of 10 mg / L-100 mg / L as a plant growth regulator, which is sprayed onto vegetable seedlings; the glutamic acid is maltol, and the glutamic acid analogue is ethyl maltol; the vegetables include fruit vegetables and leafy vegetables.

2. The application of glutathione or its analogues as active ingredients in plant growth regulators for promoting rice seed germination, characterized in that, The application uses an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or a glutamic acid analogue with a concentration of 30 mg / L-90 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to soak rice seeds; the glutamic acid is maltol, and the glutamic acid analogue is ethyl maltol.

3. The application of glutathione or its analogues as active ingredients in plant growth regulators to improve the cold resistance of rice seeds, characterized in that... The application uses an aqueous solution of glutamic acid or a glutamic acid analogue at a concentration of 30 mg / L-90 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to soak rice seeds in order to promote the germination of rice seeds under low temperature conditions, wherein the low temperature is 15-18℃; the glutamic acid is maltol, and the glutamic acid analogue is ethyl maltol.

4. The application of glutenin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in promoting rice development, characterized in that... The application uses a 30-50 mg / L maltol aqueous solution as a plant growth regulator to soak rice seeds in order to promote the growth and tillering of rice at different growth stages; the maltol is maltol.

5. The application of glutenin, as an effective component of plant growth regulators, in improving the cold resistance of rice seedlings, characterized in that... The application uses a 30-50 mg / L maltol aqueous solution as a plant growth regulator to soak rice seeds in order to promote the growth of rice seedlings under low temperature conditions, wherein the low temperature is 15-18℃; the maltol is maltol.

6. The application of glutathione as an effective component of plant growth regulators in increasing rice yield, characterized in that, The application uses a 30-50 mg / L maltol aqueous solution as a plant growth regulator to soak rice seeds; the maltol is maltol.

7. The application of glutamic acid as an effective component of plant growth regulators in promoting seed germination of grain crops, characterized in that, The application uses a seed coating agent with a glutathione concentration of 5-10 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds; the glutathione is maltol.

8. The application of glutenin, as an effective component of plant growth regulators, in improving the cold resistance of grain crop seeds, characterized in that... The application uses a seed coating agent with a concentration of 5-10 mg / L of glutamic acid as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds in order to promote the germination of grain crop seeds under low temperature conditions, wherein the low temperature is 15-18℃; the glutamic acid is maltol.

9. The application of glutenin as an effective component of plant growth regulator in promoting the growth of grain crop seedlings, characterized in that, The application uses a seed coating agent with a glutathione concentration of 5-10 mg / L as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds; the glutathione is maltol.

10. The application of glutenin, as an effective component of plant growth regulators, in improving the cold resistance of grain crop seedlings, characterized in that... The application uses a seed coating agent with a concentration of 5-10 mg / L of glutamic acid as a plant growth regulator to coat grain crop seeds, thereby promoting the growth of grain crop seedlings under low temperature conditions; the glutamic acid is maltol.

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