Colored coating composition
The colored coating composition with specific emulsion polymers and cationic polymers addresses color leaching and viscosity issues, enabling brush or roll application for interior and DIY uses.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing multicolor paints suffer from color leaching and high viscosity issues, limiting their application to spraying only and preventing use in interior and DIY projects due to high crosslinker and polymer requirements.
A colored coating composition comprising a combination of a first emulsion polymer with a cationic polymer in component (A) and a second emulsion polymer with acid functional groups in component (B), along with optional colorants, to maintain color separation and reduce viscosity, allowing application by rolling or brushing.
The composition achieves minimal color leaching and lower viscosity, enabling easy application by rolling or brushing, suitable for interior and DIY projects.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024143679-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024143679-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024143679-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
COLORED COATING COMPOSITIONFIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a colored coating composition, particularly suitable for multicolor paint applications.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Waterborne multicolor paints are well-known types of decorative coatings for constructions. After application, they can produce different decorative appearances on exterior or interior walls. Multicolor paints typically comprise a component (A) containing cellulose, a colorant, and a crosslinker; and a component (B) containing a polymeric binder and a crosslinker. Typical crosslinkers include, for example, clay, borates, phosphates, and organotitanium compounds. Upon mixing, the component (A) forms a dispersing phase, and the component (B) forms a continuous phase. Gelation between the cellulose and the crosslinker (e.g., clay) occurs in the dispersing phase and at the interface of the dispersing phase and continuous phase. To avoid color leaching from one phase to another (that is, maintaining color separation) , large amounts of the cellulose and the crosslinker are generally required, which may result in increased viscosity difference between the two phases (e.g., a slippery continuous phase and a too rigid dispersing phase) and / or cause leveling issues due to undesirably high-degree crosslinking.
[0004] Another approach utilizes the colloidal ionic reaction between different water-soluble polymers with opposite charges to narrow the theology gap between the dispersing and continuous phases. However, this approach usually requires a high loading of these water-soluble polymers (e.g., greater than 5%by weight based on the dry weight of component (A) ) to achieve color separation, resulting in undesirably high viscosity and poor stability of component (A) .
[0005] Due to the above problems, these incumbent multicolor paints can only be applied by spraying and cannot be applied by brushing or rolling. While application by spray gun is widely used, the requirement for such a special application instrument has limited the use of these multicolor paints in many applications, especially in the interior wall and do-it-yourself markets.
[0006] It is therefore desirable to provide a colored coating composition that is easily applicable and shows no or little color leaching.SUMMARY
[0007] The present invention solves the problem of discovering a coating composition without the aforementioned problems. The coating composition of the present invention comprises a novel combination of a component (A) comprising a specific first emulsion polymer and a cationic polymer, and a component (B) comprising a specific second emulsion polymer, and one of both of the components (A) and (B) further comprises a colorant. The coating composition shows no or little color leaching from one component to another, as indicated by absorbance less than 1.0, as measured according to the Color Leaching Test in the Examples section below. That is, upon mixing the two components, the coating composition can maintain color separation between the two components. Such coating composition can be applied by rolling or brushing, thus affording easier application and reduced labor costs than spraying application, which is particularly suitable for interior and DIY applications.
[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention is a colored coating composition comprising a component (A) and a component (B) , wherein the component (A) comprises:
[0009] (a1) a first aqueous dispersion comprising: (a1-1) from 2%to 60%of a first emulsion by dry weight, based on the total weight of the component (A) ; and (a1-2) a first surfactant;
[0010] wherein the combined amount of acid functional groups in the first emulsion polymer and in the first surfactant is in a range of 0 to 0.08 mol / kg, based on the total dry weight of the first emulsion polymer and the first surfactant;
[0011] (a2) from 0.05%to 5%, by dry weight based on the total weight of the component (A) , of a cationic polymer having a cationic charge density of from 0.05 to 12 meq / g and a weight average molecular weight of 60,000 to 4,000,000 g / mol, wherein the cationic polymer has a cationicity parameter of greater than 50 dalton meq / g; and optionally, (a3) a first colorant;
[0012] wherein the component (B) comprises (b1) a second aqueous dispersion, and optionally, (b2) a second colorant; wherein the second aqueous dispersion (b1) comprises:
[0013] (b1-1) from 5%to 60%, by dry weight based on the total weight of the component (B) , of a second emulsion polymer having an acid functional group; wherein the acid functional group comprises a sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, or sulfate group, or combinations thereof;
[0014] wherein the total concentration of acid functional groups in the second emulsion polymer is in a range of from 0.16 to 0.6 mol / kg, based on the dry weight of the second emulsion polymer; and
[0015] (b1-2) a second surfactant;
[0016] wherein the first and second surfactants are each independently selected from a non-ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or combinations thereof;
[0017] provided that when the coating composition comprises both the first colorant and the second colorant, the first colorant and the second colorant are different.
[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention is a process for preparing the coating composition of the first aspect. The process comprises the steps of: providing the component (A) and the component (B) ; and adding the component (A) to the component (B) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this document when a date is not indicated with the test method number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number. The following test method abbreviations and identifiers apply herein: ASTM refers to American Society for Testing and Materials International methods.
[0020] Products identified by their tradename refer to the compositions available under those tradenames on the priority date of this document.
[0021] “And / or” means “and, or as an alternative. ” All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise stated, all weight percent (wt%) values are relative to composition weight.
[0022] “Aqueous dispersion” herein means that polymer particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium. By “aqueous medium” herein is meant water and 0 to 30%, by weight based on the weight of the medium, of water-miscible compound (s) such as, for example, alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers, glycol esters, or mixtures thereof.
[0023] “Structural units” , also known as “polymerized units” , of the named monomer, refers to the remnant of the monomer after polymerization, that is, polymerized monomer or the monomer in polymerized form. For example, a structural unit of methyl methacrylate is as illustrated: where the dotted lines represent the points of attachment of the structural unit to the polymer backbone.
[0024] “Nonionic monomer” herein refers to a monomer that does not bear an ionic charge between pH=1-14.
[0025] “Ionic monomer” refers to a monomer that bears an ionic charge between pH=1-14.
[0026] “Acrylic polymer” herein includes i) a polymer comprising structural units of one or more acrylic monomers without other comonomers (e.g., acrylic copolymers) , and / or ii) a polymer comprising structural units of one or more acrylic monomers with other comonomers (including, for example, styrene, substituted styrene, other compatible olefinic monomer, or mixtures thereof) , e.g., styrene acrylic copolymers, vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymers, or mixtures thereof. “Acrylic monomer” may include, for example, (meth) acrylic acid, alkyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylonitrile and their modified forms such as hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate.
[0027] Throughout this document, the word fragment “ (meth) acryl” refers to both “methacryl” and “acryl” . For example, (meth) acrylic acid refers to both methacrylic acid and acrylic acid, and methyl (meth) acrylate refers to both methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate.
[0028] The coating composition comprises or consists of a component (A) and a component (B) . The component (A) comprises (a1) a first aqueous dispersion comprising: (a1-1) a first emulsion polymer and (a1-2) a first surfactant, (a2) a cationic polymer, and optionally, (a3) a first colorant The component (B) comprises (b1) a second aqueous dispersion comprising (b1-1) a second emulsion polymer having an acid functional group, (b1-2) a second surfactant, and optionally, (b2) a second colorant.
[0029] The first emulsion polymer may be selected from an acrylic polymer such as acrylic copolymers, styrene acrylic copolymers, and vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, or mixtures thereof. The second emulsion polymer may be an acrylic polymer such as acrylic copolymers, styrene acrylic copolymers, or mixtures thereof.
[0030] A polymer (e.g., the second emulsion polymer) having (or comprising) an acid functional group herein refers to a polymer comprising structural units off (i) a monomer bearing an acid group; (ii) a monomer bearing an acid-forming group which yields or is subsequently convertible to, such an acid group such as an anhydride (e.g., (meth) acrylic anhydride, or maleic anhydride, or mixtures thereof) ; (iii) an salt of the monomer bearing an acid group (i) (e.g., an ammonium salt, a sodium salt, or mixtures thereof) ; or mixtures thereof (i.e., any combination of (i) , (ii) , and (iii) ) . “Acid functional group” herein may include a carboxyl, carboxylic anhydride, sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, sulfate, phosphoric acid, phosphonate, or phosphate group, or combinations thereof. These acid functional groups may derive from a monoethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer (hereinafter referred to as “ionic monomer” ) via polymerization of such monomer. The concentration of acid functional groups in a polymer or surfactant can be determined by titration. To determine the total amount of acid functional groups in a dispersion, the titration method may include: step 1) the dispersion is treated with cation exchange resins to convert the salt form (neutralized form) of acid functional groups, if any, into acid functional groups, to obtain a cation exchanged dispersion; step 2) such dispersion is then mixed with 75%ethanol solution at a wet-to-wet weight ratio of 1: 2; and step 3) the obtained mixture was titrated with 0.5 mol / L KOH by an automatic titrator (such as Titrando 888) ; then the amount of total acid functional groups in the dispersion can be calculated and reported in mol / kg. To determine the concentration of acid functional groups in the emulsion polymer in the dispersion, the titration method can be performed as described above, except that the cation exchanged dispersion obtained from step 1) is further treated by anion exchange resins, followed by mixing with the ethanol solution as step 2) and titration as step 3) , described above; thus the amount of acid functional groups in the polymer can be calculated and reported in mol / kg.
[0031] The second emulsion polymer (b1-1) comprises one or more acid functional groups where at least one functional group is selected from a sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, or sulfate group, or combinations thereof. For example, the second emulsion polymer may comprise structural units of one or more ethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid-or sulfonic acid-containing monomers and / or salts thereof including, for example, sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) , sodium vinyl sulfonate (SVS) , 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) , sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt of2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid; sodium salt of allyl ether sulfonate; sodium 1-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate; or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the second emulsion polymer comprises structural units of SSS, SVS, AMPS, AMPS sodium salt, AMPS ammonium salt, sodium1-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate. The total concentration of sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, and / or sulfate groups in the second emulsion polymer may be in a range of from 0.01 to 0.1 mol per kilogram (mol / kg) , and can be 0.012 mol / kg or more, 0.013 mol / kg or more, 0.014 mol / kg or more, 0.015 mol / kg or more, even 0.016 mol / kg or more while at the same time is generally 0.09 mol / kg or less, and can be 0.08 mol / kg or less, 0.07 mol / kg or less, 0.06 mol / kg or less, 0.05 mol / kg or less, 0.04 mol / kg or less, or even 0.037 mol / kg or less, based on the weight of the second emulsion polymer. Unless otherwise stated, the weight of the second (or first) emulsion polymer refers to the dry weight of the second (or first) emulsion polymer.
[0032] The second emulsion polymer (b1-1) may further comprise, or can be free of, an additional acid functional group other than the sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, or sulfate group described above. The additional acid functional groups may be selected from a carboxyl, carboxylic anhydride, phosphoric acid, phosphonate, or phosphate group, or combinations thereof. For example, the second polymer may comprise or be free of structural units of an additional ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer other than the ethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid-or sulfonic acid-containing monomers and / or salts thereof described above. Examples of suitable additional ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomers include α, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as methacrylic acid (MAA) , acrylic acid (AA) , itaconic acid, maleic acid, or fumaric acid; or a monomer bearing an acid-forming group which yields or is subsequently convertible to, such an acid group such as anhydride, (meth) acrylic anhydride, or maleic anhydride; ethylenically unsaturated phosphorous acid-containing monomers and / or salts thereof including, for example, phosphoalkyl (meth) acrylates such as phosphoethyl (meth) acrylate, phosphopropyl (meth) acrylate, phosphobutyl (meth) acrylate, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; CH2=C (Rp1) -C (O) -O- (Rp2O) p-P (O) (OH) 2, wherein Rp1=H or CH3, Rp2=alkyl and p=1-10, such as SIPOMER PAM-100, SIPOMER PAM-200, SIMPOMER COPS-3, SIPOMER PAM-6835, SIPOMER PAM-5000, and SIPOMER PAM-300 all available from Solvay; phosphoalkoxy (meth) acrylates such as phospho ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho di-ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho tri-ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho propylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho di-propylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho tri-propylene glycol (meth) acrylate, allyl ether phosphate, and vinyl phosphonic acid; salts thereof; or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the additional ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer is selected from phosphoethyl methacrylate (PEM) , AA, MAA, or mixtures thereof. The total concentration of acid functional groups (including the sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, and / or sulfate group, and optionally, the additional acid groups; described above) in the second emulsion polymer is in a range of from 0.15 to 0.6 mol / kg, and can be 0.16 mol / kg or more, 0.17 mol / kg or more, 0.18 mol / kg or more, 0.20 mol / kg or more, 0.22 mol / kg or more, 0.25 mol / kg or more, 0.28 mol / kg or more, even 0.30 mol / kg or more while at the same time is generally 0.55 mol / kg or less, 0.50 mol / kg or less, 0.45 mol / kg or less, 0.40 mol / kg or less, 0.35 mol / kg or less, or even 0.30 mol / kg or less, desirably from 0.20 to 0.40 mol / kg, based on the weight of the second emulsion polymer. Alternatively, the total concentration of structural units of all ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomers (including the ethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid-or sulfonic acid-containing monomers and / or salts thereof, and optionally, the additional ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer; described above) in the second emulsion polymer may be in a range of from 1.3%to 7%, and can be 1.4%or more, 2%or more, 3%or more, even 4%or more while at the same time is generally 6%or less, and can be 5%or less, 4%or less, 3%or less, or even 2%or less, desirably from 1.4%to 5%, by weight based on the weight of the second emulsion polymer.
[0033] In the first aqueous dispersion (a1) , the first emulsion polymer (a1-1) may be free of an acid functional group described above, including the sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, or sulfate group, or combinations thereof; and the additional acid functional group. Alternatively, the first emulsion polymer (a1-1) may comprise a minor amount of acid functional groups, provided that the combined amount of acid functional groups in the first emulsion polymer (a1-1) and in the first surfactant (a1-2) , described herein below, is in a range of from zero to 0.08 mol / kg, and can be 0.07 mol / kg or less, 0.06 mol / kg or less, 0.05 mol / kg or less, 0.04 mol / kg or less, 0.03 mol / kg or less, 0.02 mol / kg or less, 0.01 mol / kg or less, or even zero, desirably from 0 to 0.05 mol / kg, based on the total dry weight of the first emulsion polymer and the first surfactant. For example, the first emulsion polymer may comprise structural units of the ionic monomer (including the ethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid-or sulfonic acid-containing monomers and / or salts thereof, and optionally, the additional ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer; described above) in an amount of from zero to less than 1.0%, and can be 0.1%or more, 0.2%or more, 0.3%or more, 0.4%or more, even 0.5%or more while at the same time is generally less than 0.8%, and can be 0.6%or less, 0.4%or less, 0.2%or less, or even 0.1%or less, desirably from zero to 0.4%, by weight based on the weight of the first emulsion polymer. polymer comprising or free of an acid functional group,
[0034] The first emulsion polymer (a1-1) and / or the second emulsion polymer (b1-1) may each independently comprise structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer. The monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers may be selected from an alkyl (meth) acrylate, an itaconate ester, a vinyl aromatic monomer, a vinyl ester monomer such as vinyl acetate (VA) , acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, an α-olefin such as ethylene, or mixtures thereof. “Alkyl (meth) alkylates” refers to alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid containing a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group. The alkyl (meth) acrylate can be a C1-C24-alkyl (meth) acrylate (i.e., an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl with from 1 to 24 carbon atoms) , desirably a C1-C10-alkyl (meth) acrylate, more desirably a C1-C8-alkyl (meth) acrylate. Examples of suitable alkyl (meth) acrylates include methyl acrylate (MA) , methyl methacrylate (MMA) , butyl methacrylate (BMA) , ethyl methacrylate (EMA) , butyl acrylate (BA) , ethyl acrylate (EA) , 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) , 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, a cycloalkyl (meth) acrylate such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the alkyl (meth) acrylate comprises MMA, BA, EHA, or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable itaconate esters include dibutyl itaconate, dihexyl itaconate, dioctyl itaconate, didecanyl itaconate, or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable vinyl aromatic monomers include styrene and substituted styrene such as . alpha. -methyl styrene, α-ethylstyrene, p-methyl styrene, t-butyl styrene, trans-beta-methylstyrene, 2, 4-dimethylstyrene, ethylstyrene, o-, m-, and p-methoxystyrene; p-trifiuoromethylstyrene, vinyl xylene, or mixtures thereof, desirably styrene. Desirably the monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer comprises or consists of VA, ST, MMA, BA, EHA, or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the first emulsion polymer comprises the monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer selected from VA, the alkyl (meth) acrylate (such as MMA, BA, EHA, or mixtures thereof) , or mixtures thereof.
[0035] The first emulsion polymer (a1-1) may comprise structural units of the monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer in an amount of from 89%to 100%, and can be 90%to 99.9%, 95%to 99.5%, or 97%to 99%, by weight based on the weight of the first emulsion polymer.
[0036] The second emulsion polymer (b1-1) may comprise structural units of the monoethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer in an amount of from 83%to 98.7%, and can be 85%to 98.5%, 90%to 98%, or 95%to 97.5%, by weight based on the weight of the second emulsion polymer.
[0037] The first emulsion polymer (a1-1) and / or the second emulsion polymer (b1-1) may each independently comprise, or can be free of, structural units of a monoethylenically unsaturated functional monomer carrying at least one functional group selected an acetoacetyl, alkoxysilane, amide, ureido, or hydroxyl group; or combinations thereof (hereinafter referred to as “functional monomer” ) . Examples of suitable functional monomers include acetoacetoxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM) , acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, acetoacetoxypropyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxybutyl methacrylate, and 2, 3-di (acetoacetoxy) propyl methacrylate; allyl acetoacetate; vinyl acetoacetate; acetoacetamidoalkyl (meth) acrylates such as acetoacetamidoethyl methacrylate, acetoacetamidoethyl acrylate, or mixtures thereof; acrylamide (AM) , methacrylamide, monosubstituted (meth) acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N-tertiary butylacrylamide, N-2-ethylhexylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide; hydroxy-functional (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate; or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the functional monomer is selected from acrylamide (AM) , ureido monomers such as methacrylo ethylethylene urea and SIMPOMER WAM II from Solvay, alkoxysilane monomers such as methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane or vinyltrimethoxysilane; or mixtures thereof.
[0038] The first emulsion polymer (a1-1) and / or the second emulsion polymer (b1-1) may each independently comprise structural units of the functional monomer in an amount of from zero to 10%, and can be 0.1%or more, 0.3%or more, 0.5%or more, 0.8%or more, 0.9%or more, 1.0%or more, 1.1%or more, 1.2%or more, 1.5%or more, even 1.8%or more while at the same time is generally 8%or less, and can be 6%or less, 5%or less, 4%or less, 3%or less, 3.2%or less, or even 2.8%or less, by weight based on the weight of the first emulsion polymer and the second emulsion polymer, respectively. Desirably, the first emulsion polymer (a1-1) comprises structural units of the functional monomer in an amount of from 0.1%to 6%, more desirably 0.5%to 5%, by weight based on the weight of the first emulsion polymer. Desirably, the second emulsion polymer (b1-1) comprises structural units of the functional monomer in an amount of from 0.1%to 3%, more desirably from 0.2%to 2%, by weight based on the weight of the second emulsion polymer.
[0039] The first emulsion polymer (a1-1) and / or the second emulsion polymer (b1-1) may each independently comprise, or can be free of, structural units of one or more multiethylenically unsaturated monomers. Suitable multiethylenically unsaturated monomers may include, for example, butadiene, allyl (meth) acrylate, divinyl benzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butylene glycol dimethacrylate, or mixtures thereof. The concentration of structural units of the multiethylenically unsaturated monomer in the first emulsion polymer and in the second emulsion polymer may be from zero to 3.0%, from 0.05%to 0.8%, or from 0.1%to 0.5, by weight based on the weight of the first emulsion polymer and the second emulsion polymer, respectively.
[0040] The first emulsion polymer (a1-1) may be present in an amount of from 2%to 60%, and can be from 5%to 50%, from 10%to 40%, from 15%to 35%, from 20%to 30%, desirably from 5%to 25%, more desirably from 10%to 20%, by dry weight based on the weight of the component (A) .
[0041] The second emulsion polymer (b1-1) may be present in an amount of from 5%to 60%, and can be from 10%to 50%, from 15%to 40%, from 20%to 35%, from 25%to 30%, desirably from 10%to 40%, more desirably from 25%to 35%, by dry weight based on the weight of the component (B) .
[0042] The first aqueous dispersion (a1) also comprises (a1-2) a first surfactant. The second aqueous dispersion (b1) also comprises (b1-2) a second surfactant. The first surfactant (a1-2) and the second surfactant (b1-2) are each independently selected from an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof. The first surfactant may comprise a minor amount of acid functional groups described above, i.e., the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant, provided that the combined amount of acid functional groups for the first emulsion polymer and the first surfactant meets the requirement as described in the first emulsion polymer section above (e.g., within the range of 0-0.08 mol / kg) . Desirably, the first surfactant is a nonionic surfactant. Desirably, the second surfactant comprises or consists of an anionic surfactant. Examples of suitable surfactants include alkali metal or ammonium salts of alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sulfonates, or phosphates; alkyl sulfonic acids; sulfosuccinate salts; fatty acids; polymerizable surfactants; and ethoxylated alcohols or phenols. Commercially available surfactants may include, for example, anionic surfactants such as Rhodafac RS-610 alkyl ethoxylated phosphate available from Solvay S.A., ABS-15 sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate from Shanghai Honesty Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., and Disponil FES 32 fatty alcohol ether sulfate available from BASF; nonionic surfactants such as TERGITOLTM 15-S-40 Surfactant (a secondary alcohol ethoxylate) available from Dow Chemical Company (TERGITOL is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) ; or mixtures thereof.
[0043] The first surfactant (a1-2) and the second surfactant (b1-2) may be each independently present at a concentration of 0.1%to 10%, and can be 0.2%to 9.5%, 0.3%to 9%, 0.4%to 8.5%, or 0.5%to 8%, alternatively, from 0.5%to 2.5%, by weight based on the dry weight of the first emulsion polymer and the second emulsion polymer, respectively.
[0044] The component (A) also comprises (a2) a cationic polymer. “Cationic polymer” refers to a polymer having a positive charge (also known as “cationic charge” ) . The positive charges can be on the backbone of the polymer or the side chains of the polymer. The cationic charge density of the cationic polymer ranges from 0.05 to 12 milliequivalents / g (meq / g) , and can be from 0.1 to 10 meq / g, from 0.5 to 8 meq / g, or from 1.0 to 5 meq / g. The charge density is calculated by dividing the number of charge per repeating unit by the molecular weight of the repeating unit.
[0045] The cationic polymer (a2) may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) between 60,000 and 4,000,000 grams per mol (g / mol) , and can be 70,000 g / mol or more, 80,000 g / mol or more, 90,000 g / mol or more, 100,000 g / mol or more, 200,000 g / mol or more, 300,000 g / mol or more, 500,000 g / mol or more, 600,000 g / mol or more, even 800,000 g / mol or more while at the same time is generally 2,000,000 g / mol or less, and can be 1,500,000 g / mol or less, 1,200,000 g / mol or less, or even 1,000,000 g / mol or less, desirably from 80,000 to 1500,000 g / mol, more desirably from 120,000 to 1200,000 g / mol, as determined by size exclusion chromatography relative to polyethyleneoxide standards with refractive index (RI) detection. The mobile phase used is a solution of 20%methanol in 0.4M aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) , 0.1 M NaNO3, 3%acetic acid on a Waters Linear Ultrahydrogel column, 2 in series. Columns and detectors are kept at 40 degrees Celsius (℃) . Flow is set to 0.5 mL / min.
[0046] Particularly suitable cationic polymers have a molecular weight and charge density which are inversely related. Lower charge density polymer usually is most suitable at a higher molecular weight, while higher charge density polymer usually is most suitable at a lower molecular weight. The cationic polymer may have a cationicity parameter of up to 50 dalton meq / g, wherein the cationicity parameter is defined as the product of molecular weight as defined above and charge density ( “CD” ) as defined above divided by 1000, i.e., (Mw x CD / 1000) .
[0047] The cationic polymer (a2) may comprise cationic polysaccharides; cationic synthetic polymers such as polyquaternium-6, polyquaternium-7, cationic methacrylamido polymers, or mixtures thereof; or mixtures thereof. Cationic polysaccharides may be selected from cationic cellulose derivatives (including, for example polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-24, and polyquaternium-67) , cationic guar gum derivatives, chitosan and derivatives, and cationic starches. Desirably, the cationic polymer is selected from cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic guar gum derivatives, cationic methacrylamido polymers, polyquaternium 6, polyquaternium 7, or mixture thereof.
[0048] Cationic polysaccharides may have the repeating unit of structure of formula (I) below:
[0049] wherein each R4 is independently selected from H, - (P) m-H, or combinations thereof; where m is an integer from 1 to 100 and P is a repeat unit of an addition polymer formed by a cationic monomer;
[0050] R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from H, a C1-24 alkyl (linear or branched) , or combinations thereof; wherein n is from 0 to 10; each R5 is independently selected from H, a C1-C6 alkyl, or combinations thereof; Rx is selected from H, a C1-24 alkyl (linear or branched) , or combinations thereof; wherein R7, R8, and R9 are each independently selected from H, a C1-C28 alkyl, benzyl, a substituted benzyl, or combinations thereof; and Z is a water soluble anion, desirably chloride, bromide, iodide, hydroxide, phosphate, sulfate, methyl sulfate, or acetate.
[0051] The cationic monomer for forming the addition polymer may be selected from can be methacrylamidotrimethylammonium chloride, dimethyl diallyl ammonium, or mixtures thereof.
[0052] Preferred cationic polysaccharides include cationic hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as cationically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, particularly, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts formed by reacting hydroxyethyl cellulose with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide.
[0053] Commercially available cationic hydroxyalkyl celluloses may include those with the INCI name Polyquaternium-10 such as those sold under the trade names UCARE Polymer JR 30M, JR 400, JR 125, and LR 400 polymers, available from The Dow Chemical Company.
[0054] The cationic polymer (a2) may be present in an amount of from 0.05%to 5%, and can be 0.1%or more, 0.5%or more, even 1%or more while at the same time is generally 4%or less, and can be 3%or less, 2%or less, 1.5%or less, or even 1%or less, desirably from 0.5%to 1%, by dry weight based on the weight of the component (A) . Unless otherwise specified, the weight of the component (A) or (B) refers to the wet weight of the component (A) or (B) . The weight of the component (A) is the total weight of the first aqueous dispersion (a1) , the cationic polymer (a2) , and optionally, the first colorant (a3) , and other optional components (such as extenders, defoamers, thickeners, dispersants, and / or coalescents) and optional additives, described herein below. The weight of the component (B) is the total weight of the second aqueous dispersion (b1) , and optionally, the second colorant (b2) , and other optional components (such as extenders, defoamers, thickeners, dispersants, and / or coalescents) and optional additives, described herein below.
[0055] The coating composition comprises one or more colorants which can be present in the component (A) , in the component (B) , in both components (A) and (B) . That is, the coating composition further comprises a first colorant (c3) in the component (A) and / or a second colorant (b2) in the component (B) . The first colorant and the second colorant can be the same or different. When both components (A) and (B) comprise colorants, the colorants in the components (A) and (B) are different. “Different” colorants herein mean the first colorant and the second colorant are different types and / or have different weight concentrations relative to the weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0056] “Colorant” may be organic or inorganic, desirably inorganic, and may be in particulate form. Colorants typically have a refractive index greater than 1.8. Suitable colorants may include, for example, titanium dioxide white, carbon black, lampblack, black iron oxide, red iron oxide, transparent red oxide, yellow iron oxide, transparent yellow oxide, brown iron oxide, phthalocyanine green, phthalocyanine blue, naphthol red, quinacridone red, quinacridone magenta, quinacridone violet, acridine orange, organic yellow, and any combination thereof. Mixtures of two or more colorants can be employed for the first colorant (a3) and the second colorant (b2) , respectively.
[0057] The first colorant and / or second colorant are present in amounts sufficient to impart the desired color to the coating composition. For example, the first colorant and / or second colorant may each independently be present at a concentration of from 0.05%to 10%or from 0.1%to 1%, by weight based on the weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0058] The weight ratio of the component (A) to component (B) may be in a range of from 20: 1 to 1: 200, from 10: 1 to 1: 100, from 3: 1 to 1: 50, from 1: 1 to 1: 10, from 1: 2 to 1: 5, desirably from 1: 1 to 1: 50. The weight ratio herein refers to wet-to-wet weight ratio.
[0059] The component (A) and / or the component (B) may comprise, or be free of, any one or any combination of more than one component selected from the group consisting of extenders, defoamers, thickeners, dispersants, and coalescents.
[0060] The coating composition may comprise, or can be free of, one or more extenders. The extenders may be present in the component (A) , in the component (B) , or in both components (A) and (B) . The term “extender” refers to a particulate material having a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.8 and greater than 1.3. Examples of suitable extenders include calcium carbonate, clay, calcium sulfate, aluminosilicates, silicates, zeolites, mica, diatomaceous earth, solid or hollow glass, ceramic beads, nepheline syenite, feldspar, calcined diatomaceous earth, talc (hydrated magnesium silicate) , silica, alumina, kaolin, pyrophyllite, perlite, baryte, wollastonite, opaque polymers such as ROPAQUETM Ultra E polymer available from The Dow Chemical Company (ROPAQUE is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) , or mixtures thereof. The component (A) and / or component (B) may each independently comprise from zero to 50%or from 0.1%to 30%of the extender, by weight based on the weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0061] The coating composition may comprise or be free of one or more defoamers. The defoamers may be present in the component (A) , in the component (B) , or in both components (A) and (B) . “Defoamers” herein refer to chemical additives that reduce and hinder the formation of foam. Defoamers may be silicone-based defoamers, mineral oil-based defoamers, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide-based defoamers, alkyl polyacrylates, or mixtures thereof. Suitable commercially available defoamers include, for example, TEGO Airex 902 W and TEGO Foamex 1488 polyether siloxane copolymer emulsions both available from TEGO, BYK-024 silicone deformer available from BYK, Nopco NXZ deformer available from Nopco, or mixtures thereof. The component (A) and / or component (B) may each independently comprise the defoamer at a concentration of from zero to 1.0%, 0.1%to 0.6%, or 0.2%to 0.4%, by weight based on the weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0062] The coating composition may comprise or be free of one or more thickeners. The thickener may be present in the component (A) , in the component (B) , or in both components (A) and (B) . Suitable thickeners for the component (A) may include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) , clay materials, hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEUR) , urethane associate thickeners (UAT) , polyether urea polyurethanes (PEUPU) , polyether polyurethanes (PEPU) , or mixtures thereof. Suitable thickeners for the component (B) may include, for example, the thickeners described above for the component (A) , sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) , sodium carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose; acid copolymers such as alkali swellable emulsions (ASE) such as sodium or ammonium neutralized acrylic acid polymers; hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASE) such as hydrophobically modified acrylic acid copolymers, or mixtures thereof. The component (A) and / or component (B) may each independently comprise the thickener at a concentration of from zero to 5.0%, 0.2%to 4.0%, or 0.3%to 3%, by dry weight based on the dry weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0063] The coating composition may comprise, or be free of, one or more dispersants. The dispersants may be present in the component (A) , in the component (B) , or in both components (A) and (B) . Desirably, the dispersant suitable for use in the component (A) is a nonionic dispersant. Suitable nonionic dispersants may include, for example, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) , dimethyl amino ethanol (DMAE) , or mixtures thereof. The dispersant suitable for use in the component (B) may be selected from the nonionic dispersant described above, an anionic dispersant, or mixtures thereof. Examples of anionic dispersants include polyacids with suitable molecular weight, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) , dimethyl amino ethanol (DMAE) , potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) , trisodium polyphosphate (TSPP) , citric acid and other carboxylic acids. The polyacids used may include homopolymers and copolymers based on polycarboxylic acids (e.g., weight average molecular weight ranging from 1,000 to less than 50,000 g / mol as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) ) , including those that have been hydrophobically-or hydrophilically-modified, e.g., polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid or maleic anhydride with various monomers such as styrene, acrylate or methacrylate esters, diisobutylene, and other hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers; saks of thereof; or mixtures thereof. The component (A) and / or component (B) may each independently comprise the dispersant at a concentration of from zero to 5%, 0.2%to 3.0%, or 0.5%to 1.0%, by dry weight based on the dry weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0064] The coating composition may comprise, or be free of, one or more coalescents. “Coalescents” herein refer to slow-evaporating solvents that fuse polymer particles into a continuous film under ambient condition. The coalescent may be present in the component (A) , in the component (B) , or in both components (A) and (B) . Examples of suitable coalescents include 2-n-butoxyethanol, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, n-butyl ether, or mixtures thereof. Preferred coalescents include dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, n-butyl ether, or mixtures thereof. The component (A) and / or component (B) may each independently comprise the coalescent at a concentration of from zero to 30%, from 0.1%to 25%, or from 0.2%to 15%, by weight based on the weight of the first emulsion polymer and the second emulsion polymer, respectively.
[0065] The coating composition may also comprise water. The component (A) and / or component (B) may each independently comprise water at a concentration of from 10%to 90%or from 20%to 80%. by weight based on the weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0066] The first and second aqueous dispersions (a1) and (a2) can be prepared by emulsion polymerization process that can be one-stage or multistage polymerization process. In the polymerization process, a free radical initiator, a reductant, a chelating agent, the first or second surfactant described above, and / or a chain transfer agent, may be used. The first or second surfactant may be added prior to or during the polymerization of the monomers, or combinations thereof. A portion of the first or second surfactant can also be added after the polymerization. A chain transfer agent may be used in the polymerization process for preparing the first and / or second emulsion polymer. Suitable chain transfer agents may include, for example, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, methyl mercaptopropionate, butyl mercaptopropionate, n-dodecyl mercaptan (nDDM) , methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (MMP) , butyl 3-mercaptopropionate (BMP) , benzenethiol, azelaic alkyl mercaptan, or mixtures thereof. The chain transfer agent may be used in an effective amount to control the molecular weight of the first and second emulsion polymers, for example, at a concentration of from zero to 5%, from 0.1%to 3%, or from 0.5%to 2%, by weight based on the total weight of monomers for preparing the first and second emulsion polymers, respectively.
[0067] The obtained first and second polymer dispersions (a1) and (b1) may be each independently neutralized by adding a neutralizer to a pH value of 3 to 10, for example, from 3.5 to 9.8, from 4 to 9.7, from 6 to 9.6, or from 7 to 9.5. Examples of suitable neutralizers include ammonia; alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compounds such as sodium hydroxide; organic amines including, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, such as triethyl amine, ethylamine, propylamine, monoisopropylamine, monobutylamine, hexylamine, ethanolamine, diethyl amine, dimethyl amine, di-n-propylamine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, dimethoxyethylamine, 2-ethoxyethylamine, 3-ethoxypropylamine, dimethylethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, morpholine, ethylenediamine, 2-diethylaminoethylamine, 2, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 2-propylenediamine, neopentanediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, hexamethylenediamine, 4, 9-dioxadodecane-1, 12-diamine, or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; or mixtures thereof.
[0068] The first and second emulsion polymer particles may each independently have a particle size of 50 nanometers (nm) to 500 nm, and can be 60 nm or more, 70 nm or more, 80 nm or more, 100 nm or more, 110 nm or more, even 120 nm or more while at the same time is generally 400 nm or less, and can be 350 nm or less, 300 nm or less, 250 nm or less, 200 nm or less, or even 180 nm or less, desirably 60 to 250 nm. The particle size refers to a Z-average particle size, which can be measured using a Zetasizer Nano S90 available from Malvern.
[0069] Solids contents of the first and second aqueous dispersions (a1) and (b1) may each independently be in a range of from 30%to 70%or from 40%to 60%. “Solids content” refers to weight percentages of solids weight of an aqueous dispersion after drying at 150 ℃ for 20 minutes, relative to the aqueous dispersion weight.
[0070] In addition to the components described above, the component (A) and / or the component (B) may each independently comprise any one or any combination of the following additives: buffers, anti-freezing agents, humectants, mildewcides, biocides, anti-skinning agents, colorants, flowing agents, antioxidants, plasticizers, leveling agents, thixotropic agents, adhesion promoters, and grind vehicles. These additives may be present in a combined amount of from zero to 15%, from 0.5%to 10%, or from 1.0%to 8%, by weight based on the weight of the components (A) and (B) , respectively.
[0071] The components (A) and (B) of the coating composition may each independently have a pH value in a range of from 6 to 10, and canbe 7 to 10, 7.5 to 9.5, or 8.0 to 9.2.
[0072] The present invention also relates to a method of preparing the coating composition. The method comprises the steps of: I) providing the component (A) and the component (B) ; and II) adding the component (A) to the component (B) . When preparing the component (A) , the first aqueous dispersion (a1) may be added before addition of the cationic polymer (a2) . Mixing can be conducted by conventional approaches in the art. Any of the above-mentioned optional components may also be added, e.g., to any one or both of the components (A) and (B) , during or prior to the mixing to form the coating composition.
[0073] Without being bound by the theory, upon adding the component (A) to the component (B) , the component (A) forms a dispersing phase while the component (B) forms a continuous phase in the obtained coating composition. That is, particles formed by the component (A) are dispersed in the phase of the component (B) . The two components (A) and (B) in the coating composition can be separated again by filtration. For example, by using a 40 mesh screen to filter the coating composition, the filtrate is the component (B) , and the residue is the component (A) .
[0074] The present invention also provides a process for preparing a coating or a coated substrate. The process comprises the steps of: a) applying the coating composition to a substrate, and b) drying, or allowing to dry, the applied coating composition; thereby forming the coating or the coated substrate. Applying the coating composition can be conducted by incumbent means including brushing, dipping, rolling, and spraying, desirably by rolling and brushing. Drying the coating composition to form a film (this is, coating) can be conducted at temperatures of 5 to 35 ℃, or at an elevated temperature, for example, 35 to 60 ℃.
[0075] The coating composition can be applied to, and adhered to, various substrates. Examples of suitable substrates include concrete, cementious substrates, wood, metals, stones, elastomeric substrates, glass, or fabrics, desirably concrete. The coating composition can be used for various applications including, for example, wood coatings, metal protective coatings, architecture coatings, traffic paints, marine and protective coatings, automotive coatings, wood coatings, joinery coatings, floor coatings, coil coatings, traffic paints, and civil engineering coatings. The coating composition can be used alone, or in combination with other coatings to form multi-layer coatings.
[0076] EXAMPLES
[0077] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples, wherein all parts and percentages are weight percentages relative to a composition weight unless otherwise specified. The materials used in the examples and their abbreviations are given below. OROTAN, ACRYSOL, and UCARE are all trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company or its affiliates.
[0078] Butyl acrylate (BA) , methyl methacrylate (MMA) , 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) , acrylic acid (AA) , and methacrylic acid (MAA) are available from Shanghai LangYuan Chemical Co., Ltd.
[0079] Acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate (AAEM) is available from The Dow Chemical Company.
[0080] Rhodafac RS-610 A25 Surfactant ( “RS-610 A25” ) , available from Solvay, is an ammonium salt of polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether phosphate.
[0081] SIPOMER COPS-1 ( “COPS-1” ) , available from Solvay, is a 40%solution of sodium 1-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate.
[0082] Acrylamide (AM, 40%active) , sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS, 90.5%active) , methacrylo ethylethylene urea (50%active) are available from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China) .
[0083] Sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant (SLS, 28%active) is available from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China) .
[0084] ABS-15 Surfactant ( “ABS-15” ) , available from Shanghai Honesty Fine Chemical Co, Ltd, is a 16.5%solution of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
[0085] BRUGGOLITE FF6, available from Bruggemann Chemical, is a 2-hydroxy-2-sulfinatoacetic acid disodium salt and reducing agent.
[0086] Ammonia persulfate (APS) , sodium persulfate (SPS) , and tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) used as initiators; isoascorbic acid (IAA) used as a reductant, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) sodium salt used as promoters; sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , ammonium (26.5%) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) used as neutralizers are all available from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China) .
[0087] AMP-95 neutralizer (95%active) , available from Angus Chemical, is an organic amine.
[0088] TERGITOLTM 15-S-40 Surfactant (70%active) , available from The Dow Chemical Company, is a secondary alcohol ethoxylate.
[0089] OROTANTM 2028 Dispersant (40%solids) , available from The Dow Chemical Company, is a nonionic dispersant.
[0090] TEGO Foamex 825 Defoamer (20%active) , available from Evonik Industries, is a polyether siloxane.
[0091] NOPCO NXZ (100%active) , available from San Nopco Limited, is a mineral oil.
[0092] CC-700 (100%solids) , available from Guangfu Building Material Group, is calcium carbonate and used as an extender.
[0093] ACRYSOLTM ASE-60 Thickener, available from The Dow Chemical Company, is an alkali swellable emulsion (28%solids) .
[0094] Ecosperse Oxide Yellow RA 130-CN (66%solids) , available from Clariant Ltd., is yellow iron oxide and used as a colorant.
[0095] UCARETM Polymers, all available from The Dow Chemical Company, are polymeric quaternary ammonium salts formed by reacting hydroxyethyl cellulose with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide. Properties are as follows:
[0096] UCARETM Polymer JR-30M has a viscosity (1%aqueous solution at 25 ℃) of 1250-2250 centipoises (cP) , a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 800,000 g / mol, a charge density of 1.25 meq / g, and a cationic parameter of 1000 dalton meq / g.
[0097] UCARETM Polymer JR-400 has a viscosity (2%aqueous solution, #2 spindle) of 300-500 cP, a Mw of 400,000 g / mol, a charge density of 1.25 meq / g, and a cationic parameter of 500 dalton meq / g.
[0098] UCARETM Polymer JR-125 has a viscosity (2%aqueous solution, #1 spindle) of 75-175 cP, a Mw of 80,000 g / mol, a charge density of 1.25 meq / g, and a cationic parameter of 100 dalton meq / g.
[0099] Synthesis of Binder A
[0100] Firstly, a monomer emulsion (ME) was prepared by mixing deionized (DI) water (462.61 grams (g) ) , SSS (6.42 g, 90.5%) , AA (20.07g) , BA (863.43g) , MMA (917.11 g) , and RS-610 A25 surfactant (86.31 g, 25%) .
[0101] Secondly, in a one-gallon vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer, DI water (652 g) was added at an agitation rate of 130 revolutions per minute (rpm) . Meanwhile, the temperature of the reaction vessel was raised to 90℃. Then ABS-15 surfactant (13 g, 16.5%) and a buffer solution of Na2CO3 (2.67 g in 20 g DI water) was introduced into the reaction vessel.
[0102] Thirdly, the ME (59 g) and an initiator solution of APS (4.73 g in 21 g DI water) were injected into the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was held at a temperature between 80 and 95℃ for 5 minutes (min) . Thereafter, the remainder of ME was added into the reaction vessel over the span of 100 min. The process temperature was 87-89 ℃. During the addition of ME, another shot of a buffer solution (1.8 g Na2CO3 in 50 g DI water) and an initiator solution of APS (1.9 g in 50 g DI water) were co-fed into the reaction vessel over the span of 100 min. After the completion of the ME, start to cool the contents of the reaction vessel to room temperature (20-25 ℃) . As the reaction mixture was cooling down, a promoter solution of 0.0113 g ferrous sulfate and 0.0217g EDTA sodium salt in 3.70 g DI water, a reductant solution (1.4 g IAA in 50 g DI water) , and an initiator solution of t-BHP (3 g 70%aqueous solution t-BHP in 50 g DI water) were injected into the reaction vessel when the temperature had dropped to 55 ℃. Then a neutralizer solution (sodium hydroxide (6.1 g) and TERGITOL 15-S-40 surfactant (26 g, 70%) in water (131 g) ) was added into the reaction vessel when the temperature was lower than 55℃. Thus, Binder A was obtained (particle size: 150nm, pH: 8.0, and solids: 50%) .
[0103] Synthesis of Binder B
[0104] Firstly, a monomer emulsion (ME) was prepared by mixing deionized (DI) water (370 g) , AM (49.4 g, 40%) , MAA (22.95 g) , BA (540.3g) , MMA (921.45 g) , and RS-610 A25 surfactant (42.00 g, 25%) .
[0105] Secondly, in a one-gallon vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer, DI water (810 g) was added at an agitation rate of 130 rpm. Meanwhile, the temperature of the reaction vessel was raised to 88℃. Then RS-610 A25 surfactant (12.12 g, 25%) and a buffer solution of Na2CO3 (3 g in 35 g DI water) was introduced into the reaction vessel.
[0106] Thirdly, the ME (72 g) and an initiator solution of APS (7.82 g in 35 g DI water) were injected into the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was held at a temperature between 80 and 95℃ for 5 minutes (min) . Thereafter, the remainder of ME was added into the reaction vessel over the span of 65 min. The process temperature was 87℃-89℃. After the completion of the ME, start to cool the contents of the reaction vessel to room temperature. As the reaction mixture was cooling down, a promoter solution of 0.0056 g ferrous sulfate and 0.028g EDTA sodium salt in 7 g DI water, a reductant solution (0.98 g IAA in 22 g DI water) , and an initiator solution of t-BHP (0.91 g 70%aqueous solution t-BHP in 16 g DI water) were injected into the reaction vessel when the temperature had dropped to 55℃. Then a neutralizer solution (ammonia (9.5 g) and TERGITOL 15-S-40 surfactant (28 g, 70%) in water (30 g) ) was added into the reaction vessel when the temperature was lower than 55 ℃. Thus, Binder B was obtained (particle size: 140 nm, pH: 7.5, and solids: 48%) .
[0107] Synthesis of Binder C
[0108] A monomer emulsion was first prepared by mixing 2-EHA (301.4 g) , MMA (363.03 g) , MAA (15.75 g) , COPS-1 (13.70 g, 40%) , SLS (35.47 g, 28%) , and DI water (180.0 g) . The emulsion was emulsified with stirring.
[0109] A 5-liter multi-neck flask fitted with a mechanical was then charged with a solution of RS-610 A25 surfactant (7.67 g, 25%) in DI water (880 g) , and heated to 83℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of Na2CO3 (0.83 g) in 7.39 g solution of APS (1.4 g) in water (11.1 g) , and the monomer emulsion (25 g) were then charged to the flask with agitation. After the reaction temperature reached an exothermic peak, the remaining monomer emulsion and a solution of SPS (0.7 g) in water (27.7 g) were gradually added to the flask over of 120 minutes. The polymerization reaction temperature was maintained at 81℃. The emulsion feed line was rinsed with DI water (30.0 g) . Thereafter, a solution of FeSO4.7H2O (0.076 g) in water (5 g) and a solution of EDTA sodium salt (0.0076 g) in water (5 g) were charged to flask. Upon the completion the additions, a solution of t-BHP (0.4 g) in water (12.6 g) and a solution of IAA (0.49 g) in water (12.6 g) were gradually added to the flask over a span of 30 minutes. After the reaction was cooled to below 50℃, ammonium (3.69 g, 26.5%) used to neutralize the aqueous dispersion of polymer particles. Thus, Binder C was obtained (particle size: 75 nm, pH: 7.1, and solids: 40%) .
[0110] Synthesis of Binder D
[0111] Firstly, a first monomer emulsion (ME1#) was prepared by mixing DI water (105.37 g) , AM (16.53 g, 40%) , BA (212.46g) , MMA (216.45 g) , and TERGITOL 15-S-40 surfactant (13 g, 70%) . A second monomer emulsion (ME2#) was prepared by mixing deionized (DI) water (256.63 g) , AM (61.15 g, 40%) , BA (515.72 g) , MMA (525.41 g) , methacrylo ethylethylene urea (45.24 g, 50%) and TERGITOL 15-S-40 surfactant (30.6 g, 70%) .
[0112] Secondly, in a one-gallon vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer, DI water (913 g) was added at an agitation rate of 130 rpm. Meanwhile, the temperature of the reaction vessel was raised to 40℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then TERGITOL 15-S-40 surfactant (21g, 70%) was introduced into the reaction vessel.
[0113] Thirdly, the ME1#was injected into the reaction vessel over the span of 30mins. Then a promoter solution of 0.016 g ferrous sulfate and 0.02g EDTA sodium salt in 7 g DI water, a reductant solution (1.22 g FF6 in 31 g DI water) , and an initiator solution of t-BHP (1.38 g 70%aqueous solution t-BHP in 20 g DI water) were injected into the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was held for an exothermic peak for 20mins. Thereafter, ME2#was added into the reaction vessel over the span of 120 min. The process temperature was 64℃-66℃. During the addition of ME2#, another shot of an activator solution (3.4 g IAA in 148 g DI water) and an initiator solution of t-BHP (4.3 g 70%aqueous solution t-BHP in 152 g DI water) were co-fed into the reaction vessel over the span of 150 min. After the completion of the ME and co-feed solution. Start to cool the contents of the reaction vessel to room temperature. Thus, Binder D was obtained (particle size: 191 nm, pH: 3.69, and solids: 46.5%) .
[0114] Coating Composition Samples
[0115] Formulations of the component (A) and component (B) for each coating composition sample are given in Tables 1-3, with the amount of each ingredient reported in grams (g) ..
[0116] Firstly, water, dispersant, defoamer and extender in the component (A) of each coating composition sample, given in Tables 1 and 2, were mixed at 1200 rpm for 20 minutes using a high-speed disperser BGD 740 / 1 from Biuged Laboratory Instruments (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. at room temperature to give a millbase of component (A) . Then, the millbase was mixed with binder, cationic cellulose ifused, and neutralizer in sequence at 800 rpm for 20 minutes using the high-speed disperser to give the component (A) . Then, the component (B) for each coating composition sample was prepared by mixing ingredients listed in Table 3 at 400 rpm for 10 minutes using the high-speed disperser at room temperature.
[0117] The above obtained component (A) (80 g) was added into the component (B) (800 g) , and mixed at 400 rpm for 10 minutes using the high-speed disperser at room temperature, thereby forming coating composition samples. Color leaching properties of these coating composition sample were characterized according to the Color Leaching Test described below and characterization results are given in Table 4.
[0118] Color Leaching Test
[0119] For each test coating composition, add 5 g of the component (A) into 50 g of the component (B) of the coating composition. Stir the resulting mixture at 300 rpm for 2 min and filter the mixture by a 40-mesh screen. The absorbance of the obtained filtrate was tested using UV-vis, Shimadzu 3600 (wavelength: 400 to 800 nm) . The absorbance of the component (B) before the color leaching test (i.e., before mixing with the component (A) ) was subtracted as background.
[0120] The upper limit of the instrument for absorbance test is 6. Samples with absorbance less than 1 pass the test. Otherwise, samples with absorbance ≥ 1 fail the test.
[0121] Table 1. Formulations for Component (A) of IE-6, IE-7, and CE-3 to CE-6
[0122] Table 2. Formulations for Component (A) of IE-1 to IE-5, CE-1, and CE-2
[0123] Table 3. Typical formulations for Component (B) of IEs and CEs coating composition samples
[0124] As shown in Table 4, all IEs 1-7 coating composition samples all showed absorbance less than 1 (<1) , indicating no or little color leaching from component (A) to component (B) .
[0125] In contrast, CE-1 sample comprising an insufficient amount of the specified cationic polymer, CE-2 sample free of a cationic polymer, CE-3 sample comprising a second emulsion polymer free of any sulphate or sulphonic acid groups, CE-4 sample in which the first emulsion polymer having too much acid groups in the component (A) , CE-5 sample in which the first emulsion polymer in component (A) had too much acid groups and the second emulsion polymer with low acid concentration and free of the specified acid functional groups, and CE-6 sample in which the second emulsion polymer had less acid groups that the required all showed absorbance greater than 1. It indicates that, upon mixing the component (A) with the component (B) for these CE samples, no phase separation was achieved, and the colorant in the component (A) leached to the component (B) .
[0126] Table 4. 1 Total moles of acids in the polymer and the surfactant in binder (the first aqueous dispersion) in the component (A) , relative to the total dry weight of polymer and surfactant in the binder. 2 “Wt%Cationic cellulose” refers to the dry weight of the cationic cellulose in the component (A) , relative to the wet weight of the component (A) . 3 “Wt%Colorant (%) ” refers to the wet weight of the colorant in the component (A) , relative to the wet weight of the component (A) . 4 Total moles of acids in binder (the second emulsion polymer) in the component (B) , relative to the weight of the second emulsion polymer. 5 Total moles of sulfonic acid and sulfonate groups in the second emulsion polymer in binder in the component (B) , relative to the weight of the second emulsion polymer. 6 “Absorbance” was determined according to the Color Leaching Test described above.
Claims
1.A colored coating composition comprising a component (A) and a component (B) ,wherein the component (A) comprises:(a1) a first aqueous dispersion comprising: (a1-1) from 2%to 60%of a first emulsion polymer, by dry weight based on the total weight of the component (A) ; and (a1-2) a first surfactant;wherein the combined amount of acid functional groups in the first emulsion polymer and in the first surfactant is in a range of 0 to 0.08 mol / kg, based on the total dry weight of the first emulsion polymer and the first surfactant;(a2) from 0.05%to 5%, by dry weight based on the total weight of the component (A) , of a cationic polymer having a cationic charge density of from 0.05 to 12 meq / g and a weight average molecular weight of 60,000 to 4,000,000 g / mol, wherein the cationic polymer has a cationicity parameter of greater than 50 dalton meq / g; and optionally,(a3) a first colorant;wherein the component (B) comprises (b1) a second aqueous dispersion, and optionally, (b2) a second colorant;wherein the second aqueous dispersion (b1) comprises:(b1-1) from 5%to 60%, by dry weight based on the total weight of the component (B) , of a second emulsion polymer having an acid functional group; wherein the acid functional group comprises a sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, or sulfate group, or combinations thereof;wherein the total concentration of acid functional groups in the second emulsion polymer is in a range of from 0.16 to 0.6 mol / kg, based on the dry weight of the second emulsion polymer; and(b1-2) a second surfactant;wherein the first and second surfactants are each independently selected from a non-ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or combinations thereof;provided that when the coating composition comprises both the first colorant and the second colorant, the first colorant and the second colorant are different.2.The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the total concentration of acid functional groups in the first emulsion polymer and in the first surfactant is in a range of from 0 to 0.05 mol / kg, based on the total dry weight of the first emulsion polymer and the first surfactant.3.The coating composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the total concentration of the acid functional groups in the second emulsion polymer is in a range of from 0.18 to 0.5 mol / kg, based on the dry weight of the second emulsion polymer.4.The coating composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the concentration of the sulfonic acid, sulfonate, sulfuric acid, or sulfate group, or combinations thereof in second emulsion polymer (b1-1) is from 0.01 to 0.1 mol / kg, based on the dry weight of the second emulsion polymer.5.The coating composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the second emulsion polymer (b1-1) comprises structural units of sodium styrene sulfonate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid; sodium salt of allyl ether sulfonate, sodium 1-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate, or mixtures thereof.6.The coating composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) is in a range of20: 1 to 1: 200.7.The coating composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the components (A) and (B) each independently have a pH value of 6 to 10.8.The coating composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first surfactant and the second surfactant are each independently present at a concentration of from 0.1%to 10%, by weight based on the dry weight of the first emulsion polymer and the second emulsion polymer, respectively.9.The coating composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the cationic polymer (a2) is selected from cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic guar gum derivatives, cationic methacrylamido polymers, polyquaternium 6, polyquaternium 7, or mixture thereof.10.A process for preparing the coating composition of any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:providing the component (A) and the component (B) ; and adding the component (A) to the component (B) .