Dental implant

Abstract

A dental implant, comprising a neck portion (1) and a root portion (2). The root portion (2) is connected to the neck portion (1). The root portion (2) comprises at least two regions, and the bone resorption rates and / or bone formation rates of the at least two regions are different. The bone resorption rates and / or bone formation rates of the at least two regions of the root portion (2) are different, so that different regions have different bone resorption rates and / or new bond formation rates, providing support for regulating surrounding bone resorption and new bone formation rates, achieving the effect of relay-type maintenance of the stability of the implant.

Description

Dental implants

[0001] This application is based on and claims priority to Chinese application No. 202411997218.9, filed on December 31, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of dental implant technology, and more particularly to a dental implant. Background Technology

[0003] Achieving good osseointegration and stability in implants helps improve implant success rates and shorten treatment cycles. Implant stability mainly consists of two parts: initial stability and secondary stability. As shown in Figure 1, initial stability arises from the surrounding bone in contact with the implant, while secondary stability is achieved through osseointegration of the newly formed bone tissue after implantation. The principle and characteristics of implant stability acquisition inevitably lead to periods of decreased implant stability, resulting in periods of particular vulnerability to external loads.

[0004] The range of decreased implant stability varies depending on the implant's structural design and surface treatment; however, as a common phenomenon for all dental implants, the aforementioned vulnerable period significantly impacts the initial stability of the implant. Therefore, to enhance implant-bone stability, it is necessary to modify the implant's structure.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of this disclosure is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of this disclosure, and should not be construed as an admission or implication in any way that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. The foregoing statements are only intended to provide background information in relation to this application and do not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure provides a dental implant that improves implant stability.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a dental implant is provided, comprising:

[0008] Neck; and

[0009] The root, which connects to the neck, comprises at least two regions, each with different rates of bone resorption and / or osteogenic formation.

[0010] In some embodiments, the rates of bone resorption and / or osteogenic formation in at least two regions are gradually varied according to the rate of resorption of surrounding bone and the rate of new bone formation.

[0011] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with multiple through holes, and the total flow area of ​​at least two regions is different.

[0012] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the porosity of the at least two regions is different; and / or, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the aperture of the through holes in the at least two regions is different.

[0013] In some embodiments, at least two regions have different surface treatments or degrees of treatment; and / or, at least two regions use different materials.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the arrangement of the through holes in the at least two regions satisfies the following function:

[0015] Where x, y, and z are the coordinates of the point, t is the parameter that controls the diameter of the through hole, and c is the parameter that controls the porosity within the region.

[0016] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes. After the arrangement of the through holes in two of the regions is determined, the through holes in the remaining regions are gradually formed according to the following formula:

[0017] in, These are the functions satisfied by the through holes in two adjacent regions, α(x,y,z) is the function controlling the gradient layer, k is the parameter controlling the gradient speed, and G(x,y,z) is the function controlling the gradient shape.

[0018] In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the root is approximately equal to that of the bone tissue adjacent to the root.

[0019] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and at least one of the through holes extends to the outer surface of the root.

[0020] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the root includes a blade-shaped bevel.

[0021] In some embodiments, the neck and root are detachably connected.

[0022] In some embodiments, the dental implant also includes screws, with the neck and root connected by screws.

[0023] In some embodiments, both the neck and the root are provided with a tapered portion that engages with a screw, and the tapered portion has a taper of 1:20.

[0024] In some embodiments, a protrusion is provided at one end of the neck near the root, and a groove is provided at one end of the root near the neck, with the protrusion inserted into the groove.

[0025] In some embodiments, the screw passes through the protrusion from the end of the neck away from the root and extends to the root.

[0026] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of both the neck and the root is provided with threads.

[0027] In some embodiments, a self-tapping groove is provided at the end of the root away from the neck.

[0028] In some embodiments, the length of the root is 1.5 to 2.5 times the length of the neck.

[0029] In some embodiments, the root includes a first portion near the neck and a second portion away from the neck, the second portion having a plurality of through holes filled with a human-absorbable material.

[0030] In some embodiments, the human-absorbable material includes polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, or polycaprolactone.

[0031] In some embodiments, the neck is a solid structure or a porous structure.

[0032] Based on the above technical solution, the bone resorption rate and / or bone formation rate of at least two regions of the root in this disclosure are different. This setting can enable different regions to have different bone resorption rates and / or new bone formation rates, providing support for regulating the rate of surrounding bone resorption and new bone formation, and helping to achieve the effect of maintaining the stability of the implant in a relay manner. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and are used to explain this disclosure, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the change in the stability of new and old bones over time.

[0035] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of some embodiments of the dental implants provided in this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of some embodiments of the dental implants provided in this disclosure.

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of three porous structures in some embodiments of the dental implants provided in this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the gradual change in the porous structure of some embodiments of the dental implant provided in this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 6 is a gradient cross-sectional view of the porous structure in some embodiments of the dental implants provided in this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the inclined plane structure in some embodiments of the dental implant provided in this disclosure.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Neck; 2. Root; 21. Bevel; 3. Screw; 4. Thread; 5. Self-tapping groove. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0043] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "center," "lateral," "longitudinal," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0044] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in some embodiments of the dental implant provided in this disclosure, the dental implant includes a neck 1 and a root 2, the root 2 being connected to the neck 1, and the root 2 including at least two regions, the bone resorption rate and / or osteogenic rate of the at least two regions being different.

[0045] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the dental implant includes a neck 1 and a root 2. At least two regions of the root 2 have different rates of bone resorption and / or bone formation. This arrangement allows different regions to have different rates of bone resorption and / or new bone formation, providing support for regulating the rate of surrounding bone resorption and new bone formation, and facilitating the relay-style maintenance of implant stability.

[0046] In some embodiments, the bone resorption rate and / or osteogenic rate of at least two regions are gradually set according to the resorption rate of the surrounding bone and the rate of new bone formation.

[0047] Setting the bone resorption rate and / or osteogenic rate of at least two regions to gradually vary according to the resorption rate of the surrounding bone and the rate of new bone formation can adapt at least two regions to the resorption rate of the surrounding bone and the rate of new bone formation, which helps to maintain the stability of the implant.

[0048] In some embodiments, the neck 1 is a solid structure.

[0049] Making the cervical 1 a solid structure can provide initial stability and mechanical support, preventing early loosening; moreover, as the part that contacts the gums, making the cervical 1 a solid structure can effectively reduce the risk of infection.

[0050] In other embodiments, the neck 1 has a porous structure.

[0051] By making the neck 1 a porous structure, permeability can be increased, providing richer blood supply and promoting healing.

[0052] In some embodiments, the root portion 2 has a porous structure.

[0053] By setting the root 2 as a porous structure, the elastic modulus of the implant can be reduced, thereby better matching the mechanical properties of the bone tissue. This allows the surrounding bone tissue to bear stress within a normal range, avoiding the stress shielding phenomenon of bone resorption caused by long-term exposure to low stress, and achieving long-term stability. The porous structure can also increase the attachment area and space on the bone surface. Through bone ingrowth and angiogenesis, the implant and bone tissue can form a more stable bond, improving overall stability.

[0054] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with multiple through holes, and the total flow area of ​​at least two regions is different.

[0055] Setting the total flow area of ​​at least two regions to be different can make the absorption rate of surrounding bone and the rate of new bone formation in at least two regions different, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of the implant.

[0056] The total flow area of ​​the region can be adjusted by regulating the porosity, the number of through holes, the diameter of the through holes, or the shape of the through holes.

[0057] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the porosity of the at least two regions is different; and / or, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the aperture of the through holes in the at least two regions is different.

[0058] If a region has high porosity and large pore size, it will have high permeability and surface area, allowing blood and nutrients to more easily penetrate into the implant to support new bone formation and tissue regeneration. This helps the implant integrate quickly with the surrounding bone tissue in the early stages, contributing to neck stability. At the same time, a rougher surface with higher porosity and larger pore size results in greater mechanical stability of the implant in the early stages of implantation, helping to avoid the stability trough effect.

[0059] If the porosity of the region is low and the pore size is small, the region will have higher mechanical strength and rigidity, which helps to withstand chewing and other mechanical loads, prevents implant deformation or breakage during use, and also reduces micromovement between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue. Excessive micromovement can hinder new bone formation and implant integration, increasing the risk of implant loosening.

[0060] In this embodiment, the root 2 adopts a non-uniform porous structure. Different regions are selected with porous structures of different porosities and pore sizes. In addition to being beneficial to local biological and mechanical properties, it also adjusts the stress distribution of the implant as a whole, thereby alleviating stress concentration and adverse failure modes, and avoiding bone resorption or implant failure caused by stress concentration.

[0061] In some embodiments, the porosity of at least two regions is 40% to 70%, such as 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70%.

[0062] In some embodiments, the aperture of the through holes in at least two regions is 150 μm to 400 μm. For example, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm and 400 μm.

[0063] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the arrangement of the through holes in the at least two regions satisfies the following function:

[0064] Where x, y, and z are the coordinates of the point, t is the parameter that controls the diameter of the through hole, and c is the parameter that controls the porosity within the region.

[0065] As shown in Figure 4, the porous structure of root 2 can be selected from TPMS (Triply Periodic Minimal Surface, a three-dimensional curved surface structure with periodically repeating units, widely found in nature, such as protein shells and cytoskeleton) types, including Gyroid (as shown in Figure 4(a)), Diamond (as shown in Figure 4(b)), and Primitive (as shown in Figure 4(c)). TPMS porous structures have excellent permeability and stress transmission, and the changes in the porous structure can be easily controlled.

[0066] Taking the Gyroid type as an example, the specific implicit function is:

[0067] Where x, y, and z are the coordinates of the TPMS point, t is a parameter controlling the cell size, and c is a parameter controlling the porosity.

[0068] Depending on the specific requirements of different regions, different t and c parameter values ​​can be selected to match the corresponding pore size and porosity.

[0069] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes. After the arrangement of the through holes in two of the regions is determined, the through holes in the remaining regions are gradually formed according to the following formula:

[0070] in, These are the functions satisfied by the through holes in two adjacent regions, α(x,y,z) is the function controlling the gradient layer, k is the parameter controlling the gradient speed, and G(x,y,z) is the function controlling the gradient shape.

[0071] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the changes in pore size and porosity between the two regions can be observed. After determining the outer TPMS porous structure, the following formula can be used to gradually transition with the adjacent porous structure:

[0072] in, These are two adjacent TPMS implicit functions, α(x,y,z) is the S-shaped function that controls the gradient layer, k is the parameter that controls the gradient speed, and G(x,y,z) is the function that controls the gradient shape. For different t and c parameters For Gyriod-type TPMS with different porosities and cell sizes, select appropriate G(x,y,z) and k to obtain a relatively smooth gradient layer morphology, and substitute them into... The corresponding TPMS can be generated in the middle.

[0073] In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the root 2 is approximately equal to the elastic modulus of the bone tissue adjacent to the root 2.

[0074] Currently, the elastic modulus of commonly used titanium implants (103-110 GPa) is much higher than that of the surrounding bone tissue (cortical bone 12.6-21.0 GPa, cancellous bone 0.5-3.5 GPa). This makes it easy to create stress shielding at the bone tissue interface, which causes the titanium with a higher elastic modulus in the system to receive greater stress, while the bone tissue with a lower elastic modulus may experience bone resorption due to insufficient stress stimulation, which in turn leads to implant loosening and dislodgement.

[0075] In this embodiment, the root 2 adopts a porous structure. By setting the elastic modulus of the root 2 to be approximately equal to that of the bone tissue adjacent to the root 2, sufficient initial stability can be provided, the absorption of surrounding bone tissue and loosening of the implant can be slowed down, and the long-term stability of the implant can be improved.

[0076] In some embodiments, at least two regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and at least one of the through holes extends to the outer surface of the root 2.

[0077] By extending at least one of the multiple through holes to the outer surface of the root 2, the outer surface of the root 2 can be made to have a certain roughness, thereby enhancing the mechanical fit between the implant and the surrounding tissue and improving the stability of the implant.

[0078] As shown in Figure 7, in some embodiments, the outer surface of the root 2 includes a blade-shaped bevel 21.

[0079] By further modifying the porous outer surface of the root 2 into a blade-shaped bevel 21, it is beneficial for the cut portion of cancellous bone to enter the porous structure when the implant is screwed into the bone, thereby accelerating the osteogenesis rate. At the same time, it is also beneficial to obtain greater mechanical stability and maintain initial stability.

[0080] In some embodiments, the neck 1 and the root 2 are detachably connected.

[0081] By making the neck 1 and root 2 a detachable connection, the upper neck 1 can be easily removed for cleaning and disinfection in case of bacterial infection or peri-implantitis, without having to remove the root 2. This allows for convenient local treatment of implant infections, significantly reducing patient pain and surgical risks.

[0082] In some embodiments, the dental implant also includes a screw 3, and the neck 1 and the root 2 are connected by the screw 3.

[0083] By setting screw 3 and connecting the neck 1 and the root 2 with screw 3, both a detachable connection between the neck 1 and the root 2 can be achieved, and the reliability of the connection between the neck 1 and the root 2 can be improved.

[0084] In some embodiments, both the neck 1 and the root 2 are provided with a tapered portion that engages with the screw 3, and the tapered portion has a taper of 1:20.

[0085] By setting the taper of the tapered part that mates with screw 3 to achieve a threaded connection to 1:20, the connection reliability between the neck 1 and the root 2 is improved, and screw 3 is effectively prevented from falling off.

[0086] Screw 3 can be made with ISO standard fine thread.

[0087] Setting the taper of the cone to 1:20, which meets the Morse taper standard, enables a self-locking connection, providing high sealing and initial stability between the neck 1 and the root 2. Meanwhile, the screw 3 further enhances the fixing effect, ensuring the mechanical strength and durability of the connection, effectively dispersing stress and preventing bacterial isolation.

[0088] In some embodiments, the neck 1 has a protrusion at one end near the root 2, and the root 2 has a groove at one end near the neck 1, with the protrusion inserted into the groove.

[0089] By setting protrusions and grooves, the neck 1 and the root 2 can be initially connected through the cooperation of the protrusions and grooves, which facilitates the subsequent connection of screws 3 and improves the ease of connection.

[0090] In some embodiments, the screw 3 passes through the protrusion from the end of the neck 1 away from the root 2 and extends to the root 2. This arrangement maximizes the length of the screw 3 and improves the reliability of the connection between the neck 1 and the root 2.

[0091] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of both the neck 1 and the root 2 is provided with threads 4.

[0092] By setting threads 4 on the outer periphery of both the neck 1 and the root 2, a stronger mechanical fit can be provided for the implant to integrate with the cortical bone, thereby improving the initial stability of the implant.

[0093] In some embodiments, the end of the root 2 away from the neck 1 is provided with a self-tapping groove 5.

[0094] By setting a self-tapping groove 5 at the end of the root 2 away from the neck 1, the reliability of the connection between the root 2 and the surrounding tissues can be effectively improved, and the root 2 can be prevented from falling off.

[0095] In some embodiments, the length of the root 2 is 1.5 to 2.5 times the length of the neck 1. For example, 1.5 times, 2 times, and 2.5 times. The length of the root 2 is greater than the length of the neck 1.

[0096] In some embodiments, the root portion 2 includes a first portion near the neck 1 and a second portion away from the neck 1, the second portion having a plurality of through holes filled with a human-absorbable material.

[0097] By filling the through-hole in the second part away from the neck 1 with a human-absorbable material, the bone formation efficiency can be slowed down, the stability trough can be delayed, and large differences in bone formation rate can be avoided, thus forming a relay-style bone formation.

[0098] In some embodiments, the absorbable material includes polylactic acid (also known as polylactide), polyglycolic acid (also known as polyglycolic acid), or polycaprolactone.

[0099] In some embodiments, at least two regions have different surface treatments or degrees of treatment; and / or, at least two regions use different materials.

[0100] Surface treatment methods for the area include sandblasting, hydrophilic treatment, or surface coating. The degree of sandblasting treatment can vary by the amount of sandblasted material, the blasting time, or the blasted area. The degree of hydrophilic treatment can vary by the treatment time or the type of hydrophilic material used. The degree of surface coating treatment can vary by the amount of coating applied or the type of coating material used.

[0101] When through holes are provided in the area, the rate of bone resorption and the rate of bone formation in the area can be adjusted by filling the through holes with different biodegradable materials or different osteogenic drugs.

[0102] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the implant is sandblasted or hydrophilized. Alternatively, an osteoclast activity inhibitor is applied to the outer surface of the implant.

[0103] Sandblasting the outer surface of the implant can increase its surface roughness and improve the mechanical locking force between the implant and the bone.

[0104] Hydrophilic treatment of the implant's outer surface, using SLA as a base and incorporating hydroxylation and highly hydrophilic SLActive surface treatment, enables the implant to rapidly attract blood protein coagulation and bone formation after placement, promoting the initial healing response. The hydrophilicated surface of dental implants can also form an osteoclast activity inhibitor coating, inhibiting alveolar bone resorption and thus enhancing initial implant stability and implant-bone interface bonding.

[0105] Among them, osteoclast activity inhibitors (first to third generation dicarbon phosphate compounds of the PCP group, Bisphosphonate) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of: Alendronate, Zolendronate, and pharmaceutically permissible salts or esters of the above.

[0106] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the root is coated or alloyed with antibacterial elements (such as silver or copper) to further enhance the antibacterial effect.

[0107] The structure of one embodiment of the dental implant provided in this disclosure is described below:

[0108] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, different parts of the implant were designed differently to achieve relay osteogenesis during implantation and to provide continuous mechanical stability.

[0109] The implant consists of a neck 1 and a root 2. The upper third of the implant is the neck 1 without a porous structure, and the middle / lower two-thirds is the root 2 with a porous structure.

[0110] The neck 1 is a solid structure, which can provide initial stability and mechanical support to prevent early loosening.

[0111] Root 2 has a porous structure, which includes multiple different regions. Each region is designed with a porous structure with different porosity and pore size, which can effectively regulate the rate of bone resorption and bone formation, and maintain the stability of the implant within an acceptable range in a relay manner.

[0112] The neck 1, which is the part of the implant that contacts the gingiva, is made of solid material to effectively reduce the risk of infection. Both the neck 1 and the root 2 have threads 4 on their outer periphery, which integrate with the bone cortex to provide strong mechanical interlocking.

[0113] The non-threaded portion of the implant is subjected to Boolean operation with the porous structure, and its periphery has a more aggressive complete thread, which can further improve the initial stability.

[0114] The implant uses a self-tapping structure, and the porous surface is further modified into a blade-shaped bevel. This facilitates the cutting of some cancellous bone into the porous structure when the implant is screwed into the bone, thereby accelerating the osteogenesis process. It also helps to obtain greater mechanical stability and maintain initial stability.

[0115] The neck 1 and the root 2 are detachably connected by screws 3. In the event of bacterial infection or peri-implantitis, the neck 1 can be easily disassembled for cleaning and disinfection.

[0116] The implant surface is sandblasted to increase its roughness and improve the mechanical bonding force between the implant and the bone. The implant surface is also hydrophilicated, which allows for rapid absorption of blood proteins and bone formation after implantation, promoting the initial healing response.

[0117] The through-holes in root 2 can also be selectively filled with absorbable polymer materials to slow down bone formation efficiency, postpone the trough of stability, and thus create differences, forming relay-type bone formation.

[0118] The implant provided in this embodiment adopts a partitioned design, where each part of the implant can regulate the rate of surrounding bone resorption or new bone formation. In areas where new bone formation is weak, the implant's stability is maintained in a relay-like manner. The partitioned porous structure design not only significantly improves the initial and secondary stability of the implant, ensuring sufficient stability in areas where new bone formation is weak, but also reduces the stress shielding effect through optimization of the elastic modulus, promoting healthy bone tissue growth.

[0119] The implant provided in this embodiment has a detachable structure, making it easy to clean after bacterial infection.

[0120] The implant provided in this embodiment adopts a porous structure design on its outer surface, which can effectively increase the mechanical integration between the implant and the surrounding tissue.

[0121] The implants provided in this disclosure have optimized pore size and porosity design. The porous structure can match the elastic modulus of bone tissue, reduce stress shielding, make it easier for osteoblasts to grow into the implant, and promote healthy growth and integration of bone tissue.

[0122] The internal porous structure design of the implant, as well as the external coating and surface modification treatment provided in this embodiment, can effectively enhance the antibacterial effect of the implant, effectively prevent infection, improve the overall biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the implant, and significantly improve the implantation success rate and treatment effect.

[0123] The implant provided in this embodiment employs a structure combining a Morse taper and screws, providing excellent mechanical locking and fixation. The self-locking function of the Morse taper and the further tightening of the screws ensure the stability of the connection, effectively preventing loosening of the implant in the initial stage.

[0124] The description of the various embodiments above tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments. The similarities or similarities between them can be referred to, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0125] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in the methods described in the specific embodiments, the order in which the steps are written does not imply a strict execution order and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process. The specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and not to limit them; although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of this disclosure or equivalent substitutions can still be made to some technical features without departing from the principles of this disclosure, and such modifications and equivalent substitutions should all be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A dental implant, comprising: Neck (1); and A root (2) connected to the neck (1), the root (2) comprising at least two regions having different rates of bone resorption and / or osteogenic formation.

2. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein, The bone resorption rate and / or osteogenic rate of at least two of the regions are gradually set according to the resorption rate of the surrounding bone and the rate of new bone formation.

3. The dental implant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, At least two of the regions are provided with multiple through holes, and the total flow area of ​​at least two of the regions is different.

4. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least two of the regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the porosity of the at least two regions is different; and / or, at least two of the regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the diameter of the through holes in the at least two regions is different.

5. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, At least two of the regions have different surface treatment methods or degrees; and / or, at least two of the regions use different materials.

6. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, At least two of the regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the arrangement of the through holes in the at least two regions satisfies the following function: Where x, y, and z are the coordinates of the point, t is a parameter that controls the diameter of the through hole, and c is a parameter that controls the porosity within the region.

7. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, At least two of the regions are provided with a plurality of through holes. After the arrangement of the through holes in two of the regions is determined, the through holes in the remaining regions are gradually formed according to the following formula: in, These are functions satisfied by the through holes in two adjacent regions, where α(x,y,z) is a function controlling the gradient layer, k is a parameter controlling the gradient speed, and G(x,y,z) is a function controlling the gradient shape.

8. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The elastic modulus of the root (2) is approximately equal to that of the bone tissue adjacent to the root (2).

9. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, At least two of the regions are provided with a plurality of through holes, and at least one of the plurality of through holes extends to the outer surface of the root (2).

10. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The outer surface of the root (2) includes a blade-shaped bevel (21).

11. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The neck (1) and the root (2) are detachably connected.

12. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a screw (3), wherein the neck (1) and the root (2) are connected by the screw (3).

13. The dental implant according to claim 12, wherein, Both the neck (1) and the root (2) are provided with a tapered portion that mates with the screw (3), and the taper of the tapered portion is 1:

20.

14. The dental implant according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The neck (1) has a protrusion at one end near the root (2), and the root (2) has a groove at one end near the neck (1), with the protrusion inserted into the groove.

15. The dental implant according to claim 14, wherein, The screw (3) passes through the protrusion from the end of the neck (1) away from the root (2) and extends to the root (2).

16. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, Both the neck (1) and the root (2) are provided with threads (4) on their outer periphery.

17. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The root (2) is provided with a self-tapping groove (5) at the end away from the neck (1).

18. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The length of the root (2) is 1.5 to 2.5 times the length of the neck (1).

19. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein, The root (2) includes a first part close to the neck (1) and a second part away from the neck (1), the second part having a plurality of through holes filled with a human absorbable material.

20. The dental implant according to claim 19, wherein, The absorbable materials include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, or polycaprolactone.

21. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, The neck (1) is a solid structure or a porous structure.

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