Self-directional perforating device and system for oil and gas well, and conversion joint assembly
By optimizing the structural design and modular combination of the perforation device, the problem of insufficient perforation accuracy of traditional perforation devices in horizontal wells has been solved, achieving efficient and safe perforation operations.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
Smart Images
Figure CN2025074819_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A self-directional perforation device and system for oil and gas wells, and a conversion joint assembly. Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to perforation devices, specifically to a self-directional perforation device and system for oil and gas wells, and a conversion connector assembly. Background Technology
[0002] Horizontal well drilling technology is widely used in oil extraction, but compared to vertical wells, its drilling and perforation operations are technically more challenging. For vertical well perforation, tubing is typically used to deliver the perforating device to the target section to complete the operation. However, in horizontal wells, due to the complexity of the wellbore, it is difficult to transport the perforating device into the horizontal section using tubing. Currently, pumping technology is mainly used to solve this problem. This method uses a high-pressure pump to inject fluid and push the perforating device to the horizontal section.
[0003] Perforation operations require the perforating projectile's jet direction to be precisely aligned with the direction of maximum reservoir thickness. However, in traditional perforation equipment designs, the jet direction of the perforating projectile is fixed during manufacturing and cannot be adjusted according to actual downhole requirements. This design limits the matching accuracy between the perforation direction and the reservoir distribution, resulting in excessively large spacing between in-phase perforations and poor fracturing effects. To compensate for this deficiency, higher wellhead pressure is required to form fractures, which not only increases operating costs but also raises construction risks. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of perforation operations, optimize fracture distribution, and simultaneously reduce the costs and safety hazards associated with high-pressure operations has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.
[0004] Existing perforation systems typically consist of multiple perforation units connected by adapter assemblies, suitable for complex downhole environments. As a critical component, the performance of the adapter assembly directly affects the reliability of the perforation system. However, under harsh downhole conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, and vibration, existing designs have the following shortcomings:
[0005] (1) Insufficient mechanical strength: Vibration and stress concentration during operation can easily lead to loosening or damage of joints, reducing the stability of the device;
[0006] (2) Poor sealing performance: Fluid leakage is prone to occur in complex downhole environments, affecting operational safety and effectiveness;
[0007] (3) Poor centering: The axis may shift during the connection process, which may cause the perforation direction to be unable to be accurately aligned with the target formation, increasing the difficulty and cost of construction.
[0008] In summary, traditional perforation devices suffer from problems such as insufficient perforation accuracy, poor connection stability, and weak sealing performance. Summary of the Invention
[0009] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of traditional perforation devices, such as insufficient perforation accuracy, poor connection stability, and weak sealing performance, and to provide an oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and system, as well as a conversion joint assembly.
[0010] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0011] A self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells, characterized in that it includes a gun body, a cartridge rack coaxially arranged inside the gun body, and a counterweight compartment and a combined compartment coaxially arranged at the top and bottom of the cartridge rack.
[0012] The magazine is a hollow cylinder with at least one bullet hole, multiple internal directional through holes, multiple through-line holes and a positioning through hole on its side wall; each bullet hole is used to hold one firing bullet, and the central axis of each firing bullet is perpendicular to the central axis of the magazine; the outer side wall of the gun body is provided with annular blind grooves that are equal in number to the number of bullet holes and correspond to the axial position, and the width of each annular blind groove increases radially from the inside to the outside;
[0013] The counterweight compartment includes a counterweight compartment body and an inner counterweight; the lower part of the counterweight compartment body is located inside the magazine and connected to the inner counterweight; the outer side wall of the lower part of the counterweight compartment body is provided with a directional pin, which is used to engage with one of the inner directional through holes to fix the phase of the bullet hole; a counterweight compartment limiting ring is provided in the middle of the counterweight compartment body, and the bottom surface of the counterweight compartment limiting ring abuts against the top surface of the magazine.
[0014] The combined compartment includes a combined compartment body, the upper part of which is located inside the ammunition rack and is equipped with a firing selection module, a detonator, and a detonating cord connected in sequence. The outer side wall of the upper part of the combined compartment body is equipped with a positioning pin, which engages with the positioning through hole to fix the phase of the combined compartment. The middle part of the combined compartment body has a combined compartment limiting ring, the top surface of which abuts against the bottom surface of the ammunition rack. The lower part of the counterweight compartment is equipped with an insertable protection module, which short-circuits the two ends of the detonator through an internal circuit, and the input end of the protection module is short-circuited to the ground wire.
[0015] Both the upper part of the counterweight chamber and the lower part of the combined chamber are provided with elastic contact seats. Both the upper part of the counterweight chamber and the lower part of the combined chamber are frustum structures with an outer diameter that decreases in the direction away from the cartridge frame. Both the inner circumference of the counterweight chamber limiting ring and the inner circumference of the combined chamber limiting ring are provided with grounding springs. One end of the grounding spring contacts the cartridge frame, and the other end is used to contact the external structure.
[0016] Both the upper part of the counterweight compartment and the lower part of the combined compartment are frustum structures with outer diameters decreasing in the direction away from the missile rack.
[0017] Furthermore, the counterweight chamber includes a semi-cylindrical section and a frustum section, and the counterweight chamber limiting ring is located at the connection between the semi-cylindrical section and the frustum section; the frustum section is the frustum structure.
[0018] The semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment extends into the cartridge frame, with the directional spring pin installed on the outer side wall and the inner side wall connected to the inner counterweight.
[0019] The bottom surface of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment has a groove along the axial direction, and at least one support plate is installed in the groove.
[0020] Furthermore, the counterweight compartment also includes connecting bolts;
[0021] A horizontal baffle is provided at the lower end of the inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment. The horizontal baffle is used to limit the axial position of the inner counterweight.
[0022] The inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment is provided with a radial through hole on the axis; the outer wall of the semi-cylindrical section of the counterweight compartment is provided with an installation hole corresponding to the radial through hole.
[0023] The inner counterweight is a semi-cylinder, and its inner surface is provided with radial grooves.
[0024] The connecting bolt passes through the radial through hole and is fixed to the inner wall of the radial groove to define the radial position of the inner counterweight; the mounting hole is used to install the connecting bolt.
[0025] Furthermore, the counterweight compartment also includes an outer counterweight, which is a hollow cylinder with a through hole on one side wall and at least one fixing hole on the other side wall. The outer counterweight is used to be fitted onto the outer periphery of the cartridge case and corresponds to the axial position of the inner counterweight. The phase of the cartridge hole can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the through hole on its side wall on the outer periphery of the cartridge case.
[0026] The side wall of the launcher is provided with at least one set of circumferentially arranged external directional through holes, each set of external directional through holes being used to cooperate with a fixing hole to fix the phase of the external counterweight.
[0027] Furthermore, the combined cabin includes a semi-cylindrical section, a cylindrical section, and a frustum section arranged sequentially; the frustum section is a frustum structure.
[0028] The combined compartment semi-cylindrical section and the combined compartment cylindrical section are located inside the missile rack. The combined compartment semi-cylindrical section is provided with an axially extending first mounting groove, a second mounting groove, a third mounting groove, and the positioning pin. The radial cross-section of the first mounting groove is a figure-eight shape with an open outer end. The detonator and detonating cord are arranged parallel to each other in the first mounting groove. The opening of the second mounting groove is located on the top surface of the combined compartment semi-cylindrical section. The selective firing module is arranged in the second mounting groove. The selective firing switch terminal block is arranged in the third mounting groove. The selective firing switch terminal block connects the selective firing module and the detonator.
[0029] Furthermore, the combined compartment also includes a combined compartment cover disposed on the semi-cylindrical section of the combined compartment. The lower end of the combined compartment cover is provided with an insertion key block, and both sides are provided with open slots to prevent radial and axial detachment. The semi-cylindrical section of the combined compartment is provided with slots that cooperate with the insertion key block and key blocks that cooperate with the open slots.
[0030] Furthermore, the through-hole is pear-shaped and there are two through-holes, which are located at both ends of the cartridge.
[0031] A self-directional perforation system for oil and gas wells, characterized in that it includes multiple self-directional perforation devices for oil and gas wells, with adjacent self-directional perforation devices for oil and gas wells connected by a conversion joint.
[0032] The adapter includes a connector and a core component coaxially disposed within the connector;
[0033] The upper part of the connector extends into the annular cavity between the gun body of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the lower part of the combined compartment, and the core component contacts the elastic contact seat at the lower part of the combined compartment.
[0034] The lower part of the connector extends into the annular cavity between the gun body and the upper part of the counterweight chamber of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforation device, and the core component contacts the elastic contact seat on the upper part of the counterweight chamber.
[0035] Furthermore, both ends of the joint are provided with annular grooves, and bearings are installed in the annular grooves by stamping. The two bearings are located on the upper outer periphery of the counterweight chamber of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the lower outer periphery of the combined chamber of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforation device, respectively.
[0036] The present invention also provides a conversion joint assembly for the above-mentioned self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells, characterized in that it includes an intermediate joint, an intermediate core component coaxially disposed within the intermediate joint, and a switch pressure cap.
[0037] The intermediate joint has a central through hole along its axis and a joint limiting ring on its outer wall. The upper and lower parts of the intermediate joint are respectively used to extend between the bottom end of the gun body of the previous firing unit and the bottom end of the magazine, and between the top end of the gun body of the next firing unit and the top end of the magazine. At least one sealing ring groove is provided on the upper and lower outer walls. The upper and lower end faces of the joint limiting ring are respectively used to abut against the bottom end of the gun body of the previous firing unit and the top end of the gun body of the next firing unit to limit the installation position.
[0038] The inner wall of the central through hole is provided with a first inner convex ring. The upper and lower ends of the first inner convex ring are both formed with the inner wall of the central through hole. The upper bearing ring groove is provided with a joint bearing for cooperating with the bottom end of the cartridge of the previous perforation unit, and the lower bearing ring groove is provided with a joint bearing for cooperating with the top end of the cartridge of the next perforation unit.
[0039] A second inner convex ring is provided in the middle of the inner sidewall of the first inner convex ring;
[0040] The middle core component is located inside the second inner convex ring, and both ends are located outside the second inner convex ring. Both ends are provided with center contacts. The two center contacts are used to contact the electrical contacts of the previous perforation unit and the next perforation unit respectively to realize electrical connection.
[0041] The switch cap is fitted under the middle core component, and its outer wall is connected to the inner wall of the second inner convex ring.
[0042] Furthermore, the intermediate core component includes a conductive rod and a housing; the conductive rod has a center contact at both ends; the housing is sleeved on the conductive rod, and baffles are provided between both ends and the sidewalls of the conductive rod; the housing is located inside the second inner convex ring, and at least one sealing ring is provided between the outer sidewall of the housing and the inner sidewall of the second inner convex ring; the bottom surface of the housing abuts against the top surface of the switch cap.
[0043] Furthermore, a third inner convex ring is provided on the inner sidewall of the second inner convex ring, and the top surface of the outer shell abuts against the lower end surface of the third inner convex ring.
[0044] Furthermore, an axial protruding ring is provided on the top surface of the switch cap, the top surface of the switch cap abuts against the bottom surface of the second inner protruding ring, the axial protruding ring extends into the second inner protruding ring and abuts against the bottom surface of the outer shell, and the outer side wall of the axial protruding ring is threadedly connected to the inner side wall of the second inner protruding ring.
[0045] Furthermore, the outer ring of each of the joint bearings is installed in the bearing ring groove by stamping.
[0046] Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the outer side wall of the intermediate joint both adopt a double male thread sealing structure.
[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0048] (1) The present invention provides a self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells, comprising a gun body, a perforation frame, a combination chamber, and a counterweight chamber; the perforation holes and internal directional through holes on the perforation frame are precisely controlled in relative position by logging data, so that the perforating bullets can accurately hit the reservoir area and improve the perforation effect; the annular blind groove design of the gun body not only reduces the overall weight, but also reduces the resistance of the perforating bullets, while avoiding complex processes in the manufacturing process, and the width and angle of each annular blind groove are optimized to avoid jamming accidents during the tubing string raising and lowering process; the introduction of elastic contact seats and grounding springs further enhances the reliability of electrical connections; the present invention combines efficient manufacturing design with precise perforation function, and the modular design of the combination chamber and the counterweight chamber makes the device more adaptable and suitable for complex downhole conditions.
[0049] (2) The modular design of this invention integrates detonators, detonating cords, and firing selector modules, and provides electrostatic protection through a protection module. Its precise structure and complete functions ensure the efficiency and safety of perforation operations. The dual-redundant grounding design further enhances operational reliability and has significant advantages in complex downhole environments.
[0050] (3) The combination of the inner and outer counterweights in this invention can realize the main phase control and detailed adjustment respectively; and the counterweight chamber limit ring and the horizontal baffle work together to ensure the reliability of the inner and outer counterweights in high pressure and high vibration environments.
[0051] (4) The pear-shaped design of the through-line hole of the present invention can firmly clamp the through-line, providing stronger vibration resistance and avoiding electrical connection failure and perforation positioning problems caused by loosening of the through-line.
[0052] (5) The present invention provides an oil and gas well self-directional perforation system, which connects multiple modular oil and gas well self-directional perforation devices through a conversion joint. The conversion joint includes a connector and a core component. The connector is used to connect two adjacent oil and gas well self-directional perforation devices to achieve mechanical connection. The core component is used to contact the elastic contact seat in the combination chamber and the counterweight chamber to provide electrical connection. The present invention has the characteristics of high precision, high reliability and flexible assembly.
[0053] (6) The bearings at both ends of the connector of the present invention are fixed by stamping, which improves the system’s compressive strength and durability; the design of the counterweight chamber frustum section and the combined chamber frustum section (with decreasing outer diameter) can automatically enter the bearings to ensure coaxial installation of the device.
[0054] (7) The present invention provides a conversion connector assembly, including an intermediate connector, an intermediate core component and a switch cap. The intermediate core component enables electrical connection, the sealing ring groove on the intermediate connector ensures sealing performance under high pressure, and the bearing in the bearing ring groove provides rotational stability and alignment. The present invention effectively improves the electrical transmission performance and overall reliability of the oil and gas well perforation device, and ensures stable operation of the system under complex working conditions.
[0055] (8) The present invention achieves electrical connection by having the center contacts at both ends of the conductive rod contact the electrical contacts of the previous perforation unit and the next perforation unit. It has the advantages of high self-orientation accuracy, low frictional resistance and high stability. It can maintain good electrical performance under extreme environments such as high pressure, high temperature and high rotation, and is especially suitable for harsh application scenarios such as oil and gas well perforation devices.
[0056] (9) The present invention installs the outer ring of the joint bearing in the bearing ring groove by stamping, which can effectively prevent the joint bearing from falling off under high pressure or vibration environment, and achieves stable installation and efficient rotation performance.
[0057] (10) The present invention limits the upper and lower positions of the outer shell by means of the third inner convex ring and the switch cap, and provides sealing protection by means of the sealing ring on the outer shell. In the complex perforation environment of oil and gas wells, it can significantly improve the reliability, sealing and operation stability of the device and meet the actual needs of high pressure and dynamic operation. Attached Figure Description
[0058] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of an embodiment of the self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells according to the present invention with two conversion joints;
[0059] Figure 2 is a front view of the cartridge holder in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0060] Figure 3 is a left view of the magazine in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0061] Figure 4 is a rear view of the cartridge holder in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0062] Figure 5 is a view of Figure 3 from the BB direction;
[0063] Figure 6 is the CC view of Figure 4;
[0064] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the counterweight compartment in an embodiment of the present invention (the directional spring pin and connecting bolts are not shown);
[0065] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the counterweight chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0066] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the counterweight chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0067] Figure 10 is an axial sectional view of the counterweight compartment in an embodiment of the present invention (the directional spring pin and connecting bolts are not shown);
[0068] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the combined cabin in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0069] Figure 12 is a second structural schematic diagram of the combined cabin in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0070] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the combined cabin structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0071] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the combined cabin structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0072] Figure 15 is an axial cross-sectional view of the combined compartment in an embodiment of the present invention (the top cover of the combined compartment is not shown);
[0073] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined cabin cover in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0074] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the gun body in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0075] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the external counterweight in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0076] Figure 19 is a sectional view along the DD direction of Figure 18;
[0077] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the grounding spring located on the inner circumference of the counterweight compartment limiting ring in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0078] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the grounding spring in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0079] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of two adjacent oil and gas well self-directional perforation devices connected by a conversion joint in an embodiment of the self-directional perforation system for oil and gas wells of the present invention.
[0080] Figure 23 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a converter connector assembly according to the present invention;
[0081] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the intermediate joint in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0082] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate core component in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0083] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the structure of connecting two adjacent perforation devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0084] The attached diagrams are explained as follows: 100-Shot body; 110-Annular blind groove; 200-Ammunition rack; 210-Bullet hole; 220-Inner directional through hole; 230-Through hole; 240-Positioning through hole; 250-Outer directional through hole; 300-Counterweight compartment; 310-Counterweight compartment body; 311-Counterweight compartment frustum section; 312-Counterweight compartment semi-cylindrical section; 313-Counterweight compartment limiting ring; 314-First cartridge pin hole; 315-Mounting port; 316-Horizontal baffle; 317-Groove; 318-Support plate; 319-Radial through hole; 320-Inner counterweight; 321-Radial groove; 330-Outer counterweight; 331-Fixing hole; 400-Combined compartment; 410-Combined cabin body; 411-Semi-cylindrical section of combined cabin; 412-Cylindrical section of combined cabin; 413-Frustum section of combined cabin; 414-Limiting ring of combined cabin; 415-First mounting slot; 416-Second mounting slot; 417-Third mounting slot; 418-Slot hole; 419-Key block; 4200-Second spring pin hole; 420-Top cover of combined cabin; 421-Insertion key block; 422-Open slot hole; 430-Selective firing module; 440-Detonator; 450-Detonating cord; 460-Selective firing switch terminal block; 470-Protection module; 5-Elastic contact seat; 6-Grounding spring; 601-Outer section; 602-Connecting section; 700-Conversion connector; 710-Connector; 720-Through core component; 730-Bearing; 800 - Intermediate connector; 801 - Connector limiting ring; 802 - First inner convex ring; 803 - Second inner convex ring; 804 - Third inner convex ring; 805 - Sealing ring groove; 806 - Bearing ring groove; 900 - Intermediate core component; 910 - Conductive rod; 920 - Housing; 930 - Baffle plate; 1000 - Switch cap; 1100 - Connector bearing; 1200 - Sealing ring. Detailed Implementation
[0085] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.
[0086] Referring to Figure 1, an oil and gas well self-directional perforation device includes a gun body 100, a cartridge holder 200, a combination chamber 400, and a counterweight chamber 300.
[0087] Referring to Figures 1-6, the magazine 200 is coaxially arranged inside the gun body 100. The magazine 200 is a hollow cylinder, and its side wall is provided with three bullet holes 210, four internal directional through holes 220, two through wire holes 230, one positioning through hole 240 and multiple external directional through holes 250.
[0088] Each bullet hole 210 is used to set one perforated bullet, and the central axis of each perforated bullet is perpendicular to the central axis of the bullet holder 200.
[0089] Referring to Figures 1 and 17, the axial length of the gun body 100 is 0.3 meters to 7 meters. The outer wall of the gun body 100 is provided (machined) with annular blind grooves 110, the same number as the number of bullet holes 210 and corresponding to their axial positions. The bottom surface of each annular blind groove 110 is a smooth cylindrical surface. While bearing the same bottom pressure, the wall thickness of the gun body 100 is minimized to reduce the resistance of the gun body 100 to the bullets fired through the firing holes. The width of each annular blind groove 110 increases radially from the inside to the outside, and the angle between the two side walls and the bottom surface is 135 degrees. °, reducing perforation resistance, preventing jamming accidents, and improving operational safety; the annular blind groove 110 and the bullet hole 210 correspond one-to-one in the axial position of the gun body 100, and the relative position of each annular blind groove 110 on the gun body 100 is strictly controlled according to the logging data. As long as the perforating bullet passes through the annular blind groove 110 and enters the reservoir area calculated by the logging data, the safety of the perforation device can be guaranteed. Therefore, machining the annular blind groove 110 is more efficient than machining the blind hole, and there is no need to machine the positioning keyway when machining the gun body 100.
[0090] Referring to Figures 2-4, four internal directional through holes 220 are evenly distributed on the cartridge 200, corresponding to 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° respectively.
[0091] Referring to Figure 3, the two through-wire holes 230 are pear-shaped and located at both ends of the spring holder 200. They are used to clamp the through wire onto the spring holder 200 to ensure that the through wire does not loosen on the spring holder 200. The shape characteristics of the pear-shaped holes can firmly clamp the through wire and provide stronger vibration resistance to avoid positioning damage caused by loosening of the through wire, as well as the potential for loosening and falling off of the circuit connection, and construction failure.
[0092] Referring to Figure 1, the multiple external directional through holes 250 are divided into two groups, and the external directional through holes 250 in each group are evenly distributed around the cavity cartridge 200.
[0093] The counterweight compartment 300 and the combination compartment 400 are coaxially arranged at the top and bottom of the missile rack 200.
[0094] Referring to Figures 1 and 7-10, the counterweight compartment 300 includes a counterweight compartment body 310, an inner counterweight 320, connecting bolts, and an outer counterweight 330.
[0095] The counterweight compartment 310 includes a semi-cylindrical section 312 and a frustum section 311; the semi-cylindrical section 312 is located inside the missile rack 200 and is connected to the inner counterweight 320.
[0096] The outer wall (curved surface) of the semi-cylindrical section 312 of the counterweight chamber is provided with a first spring pin hole 314. A directional spring pin (not shown in Figure 7) is provided in the first spring pin hole 314. The directional spring pin is used to engage with one of the inner directional through holes 220 to fix the phase of the spring hole 210.
[0097] The bottom surface of the semi-cylindrical section 312 of the counterweight compartment has an axially oriented groove 317, within which two support plates 318 are installed. The inner wall (plane) of the semi-cylindrical section 312 has a radial through hole 319 along its axis, and the outer wall has a mounting hole 315 corresponding to the radial through hole 319. The inner counterweight 320 is a semi-cylindrical body with a radial groove 321 on its inner surface. The connecting bolt passes through the radial through hole 319 and is fixed to the inner wall of the radial groove 321 to define the radial position of the inner counterweight 320. The mounting hole 315 is used to install the connecting bolt. A horizontal baffle 316 is provided at the lower end of the inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section 312 of the counterweight compartment, defining the axial position of the inner counterweight 320.
[0098] A counterweight compartment limiting ring 313 is provided at the connection between the semi-cylindrical section 312 and the frustum section 311 of the counterweight compartment. The bottom surface of the counterweight compartment limiting ring 313 abuts against the top surface of the missile rack 200. The outer diameter of the frustum section 311 of the counterweight compartment decreases in the direction away from the missile rack 200 to adapt to the external structure, and a coaxial elastic contact seat 5 is provided inside.
[0099] Referring to Figures 1 and 18-19, the outer counterweight 330 is a hollow cylinder with a through hole on one side wall and two fixing holes 331 on the other side wall. The radial cross-section of the other side wall corresponds to a central angle of 180° (Figure 19). The outer counterweight 330 is used to fit on the cartridge holder 200 and corresponds to the axial position of the inner counterweight 320. The phase of the bullet hole 210 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the through hole on one side wall on the outer periphery of the cartridge holder 200. The two fixing holes 331 are used to cooperate with two sets of external directional through holes 250 to fix the phase of the outer counterweight 330. The counterweight compartment 300 mainly determines the phase of the bullet hole 210 through the inner counterweight 320, and the outer counterweight 330 is used for fine-tuning the balance, which can achieve an adjustment of less than 45° of directional angle.
[0100] Referring to Figures 11-16, the combined compartment 400 includes a combined compartment body 410, a combined compartment cover 420, a firing selector module 430, a detonator 440, a detonating cord 450, a firing selector switch terminal block 460, and a protection module 470.
[0101] The combined cabin 410 includes a combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411, a combined cabin cylindrical section 412, and a combined cabin frustum section 413 arranged sequentially. The combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411 and the combined cabin cylindrical section 412 are located inside the launcher 200. The outer wall (curved surface) of the combined cabin semi-cylindrical section 411 is provided with a second spring pin hole 4200. A positioning spring pin is provided in the second spring pin hole 4200. The positioning spring pin is engaged with the positioning through hole 240 to fix the phase of the combined cabin 400.
[0102] The inner wall (plane) of the semi-cylindrical section 411 of the combined compartment is provided with an axially extending first mounting groove 415 and a third mounting groove 417, and the bottom surface is provided with a second mounting groove 416. The radial cross section of the first mounting groove 415 is a figure-eight shape with an open outer end (to accommodate detonators 440 of different diameters). Parallel detonators 440 and detonating cord 450 are installed in the first mounting groove 415 to ensure reliable propagation. The second mounting groove 416 is provided with a firing selection module 430. The third mounting groove 417 is provided with a firing selection switch terminal block 460. The firing selection module 430, the firing selection switch terminal block 460, the detonator 440, and the detonating cord 450 are connected in sequence.
[0103] A combined compartment limiting ring 414 is provided at the connection between the cylindrical section 412 and the frustum section 413 of the combined compartment. The top surface of the combined compartment limiting ring 414 abuts against the bottom surface of the missile rack 200. The outer diameter of the frustum section 413 of the combined compartment decreases in the direction away from the missile rack 200 to adapt to the external structure, and an insertable protection module 470 and a coaxial elastic contact seat 5 are provided inside.
[0104] The working process of Combined Module 400 is as follows:
[0105] Step 1: Preparations before going down the well:
[0106] Before going down into the well, the protection module 470 short-circuits both ends of the detonator 440 through its internal circuit. At the same time, the input terminal of the protection module 470 is short-circuited with the ground wire to form electrostatic protection and prevent the detonator 440 from being accidentally detonated due to static electricity or external interference.
[0107] Step 2, Downhole Operation:
[0108] During well access operations, pull out the protection module 470.
[0109] Step 3, Detonation Mission:
[0110] When the operator sends an initiation signal through the selection module 430, the initiation signal is transmitted to the selected detonator 440 through the selection switch terminal 460; after receiving the initiation signal, the detonator 440 detonates the detonating cord 450.
[0111] The security design of this invention is as follows:
[0112] (1) Short circuit protection: When the selector module 430 is not started, the protection module 470 ensures that the detonator 440 will not explode accidentally by short circuit, and the input terminal short grounding wire eliminates the risk of static electricity in the well, thus protecting the selector module 430 from damage.
[0113] (2) Static electricity elimination: Referring to Figures 7, 11, and 19, grounding springs 6 are provided on the inner circumference of the counterweight compartment limiting ring 313 and the inner circumference of the combined compartment limiting ring 414 to achieve dual redundant electrical tough grounding and ensure the reliability of grounding; the grounding spring 6 includes a connecting outer section 601 and a connecting section 602; the two ends of the connecting section 602 of the grounding spring 6 on the counterweight compartment 300 are fixed to the outer wall of the semi-cylindrical section 312 of the counterweight compartment, and the middle protrusion is used to contact the shell frame 200. The connection between the outer section 601 and the connecting section 602 is... The outer section 601 is located on the inner circumference of the counterweight compartment limiting ring 313, and there is a gap between the outer section 601 and the frustum section 311 of the counterweight compartment. The outer section 601 is used to contact the external structure. The two ends of the grounding spring 6 connecting section 602 on the combined compartment 400 are fixed on the outer wall of the cylindrical section 412 of the combined compartment, and the middle protrusion is used to contact the spring rack 200. The connection between the outer section 601 and the connecting section 602 is located on the inner circumference of the combined compartment limiting ring 414. There is a gap between the outer section 601 and the frustum section 413 of the combined compartment. The outer section 601 is used to contact the external structure.
[0114] (3) Modular components: Detonator 440, detonating cord 450 and selective firing module 430 all adopt independent mounting slot design, which facilitates maintenance and replacement.
[0115] Referring to Figures 11-13 and 16, the combined compartment cover 420 is mounted on the semi-cylindrical section 411 of the combined compartment and is adapted to the inner wall of the cartridge rack 200; the lower end of the combined compartment cover 420 is provided with an insertion key block 421, and both sides are provided with open slots 422 to prevent radial and axial detachment; the semi-cylindrical section 411 of the combined compartment is provided with a slot 418 that mates with the insertion key block 421 and a key block 419 that mates with the open slot 422.
[0116] Referring to Figure 22, an oil and gas well self-directional perforation system includes multiple self-directional perforation devices for oil and gas wells, with adjacent self-directional perforation devices connected by a conversion joint 700. The conversion joint 700 adopts an insertion structure design, allowing for quick assembly and disassembly, facilitating the combination and adjustment of the self-directional perforation devices for oil and gas wells.
[0117] The upper part of the connector 710 extends into the annular cavity between the gun body 100 of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the frustum section 413 of the combined compartment, and the core component 720 contacts the elastic contact seat 5 of the frustum section 413 of the combined compartment.
[0118] The lower part of the connector 710 extends into the annular cavity between the gun body 100 of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the counterweight chamber frustum section 311, and the core component 720 contacts the elastic contact seat 5 of the counterweight chamber frustum section 311.
[0119] The core component 720 provides an electrical conduction path by contacting the elastic contact seat 5 of the combination chamber 400 and the counterweight chamber 300, thereby ensuring the continuity of electrical signals between multiple self-directional perforation devices in oil and gas wells, enabling sequential ignition and detonation.
[0120] Both ends of the connector 710 are provided with annular grooves, and bearings 730 are installed in the annular grooves by stamping. The two bearings 730 are located on the outer periphery of the upper part (frustum section 311) of the counterweight compartment 310 of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the outer periphery of the lower part (frustum section 413) of the combined compartment 410 of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforation device.
[0121] The outer diameters of the combined compartment frustum section 413 and the counterweight compartment frustum section 311 decrease along the direction away from the missile rack 200. During installation, they automatically enter the corresponding bearing 730 and ensure coaxial installation.
[0122] The gun body 100 of the self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells has a double female thread sealing structure, and the connector 710 has a double male thread sealing structure.
[0123] Referring to Figures 23-26, a conversion connector assembly for the aforementioned self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells includes an intermediate connector 800, an intermediate core member 200, and a switch cap 1000.
[0124] Referring to Figure 24, the intermediate joint 800 has a central through hole along its axis, a joint limiting ring 801 on its outer side wall, and four sealing ring grooves 805 symmetrically located on both sides of the joint limiting ring 801. The upper and lower parts of the intermediate joint 800 are respectively used to extend between the bottom end of the gun body 100 of the previous firing unit and the bottom end of the magazine 200, and between the top end of the gun body 100 of the next firing unit and the top end of the magazine 200. The upper and lower end faces of the joint limiting ring 801 are respectively used to abut against the bottom end of the gun body 100 of the previous firing unit and the top end of the gun body 100 of the next firing unit to limit the installation position. The four sealing ring grooves 805 are used to set the sealing rings 1200 to achieve the sealing function.
[0125] A first inner convex ring 802 is provided on the inner wall of the central through hole. Bearing ring grooves 806 are formed between the upper and lower ends of the first inner convex ring 802 and the inner wall of the central through hole. A joint bearing 1100 for cooperating with the bottom end of the spring frame 200 of the previous perforation unit is provided in the upper bearing ring groove 806, and a joint bearing 1100 for cooperating with the top end of the spring frame 200 of the next perforation unit is provided in the lower bearing ring groove 806. The outer ring of each joint bearing 1100 is installed in the bearing ring groove 806 by stamping to prevent the joint bearing 1100 from falling off under high pressure or vibration.
[0126] A second inner convex ring 803 is provided in the middle of the inner sidewall of the first inner convex ring 802, and a third inner convex ring 804 is provided in the inner sidewall of the second inner convex ring 803.
[0127] The upper and lower ends of the outer side wall of the intermediate joint 800 both adopt a double male thread sealing structure.
[0128] Referring to Figure 25, the intermediate core component 900 includes a conductive rod 910 and a housing 920; the conductive rod 910 is used for conducting electricity, and it achieves electrical continuity by using a center contact connection, which has the advantages of low frictional resistance and high self-orientation accuracy.
[0129] The outer casing 920 is fitted onto the conductive rod 910, and baffles 930 are provided at both ends between the outer casing 920 and the side wall of the conductive rod 910. The baffles 930 are used to fix the position of the outer casing 920. The outer side wall of the outer casing 920 contacts the inner side wall of the second inner convex ring 803, and two sealing rings 1200 are provided between the outer side wall of the outer casing 920 and the inner side wall of the second inner convex ring 803. The top surface of the outer casing 920 abuts against the lower end surface of the third inner convex ring 804.
[0130] Referring to Figure 23, the switch cap 1000 is sleeved on the lower part of the conductive rod 910; an axial protruding ring is provided on the top surface of the switch cap 1000, the top surface of the switch cap 1000 abuts against the bottom surface of the second inner protruding ring 803, the axial protruding ring extends into the second inner protruding ring 803 and abuts against the bottom surface of the outer shell 920, and the outer side wall of the axial protruding ring is threadedly connected to the inner side wall of the second inner protruding ring 803.
Claims
1. A self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells, characterized in that: It includes a gun body (100), a magazine (200) coaxially disposed within the gun body (100), and a counterweight compartment (300) and a combination compartment (400) coaxially disposed at the top and bottom of the magazine (200); The magazine (200) is a hollow cylinder, and its sidewall is provided with at least one bullet hole (210), multiple internal directional through holes (220), multiple through holes (230), and a positioning through hole (240); each bullet hole (210) is used to set a perforated bullet, and the central axis of each perforated bullet is perpendicular to the central axis of the magazine (200); the outer sidewall of the gun body (100) is provided with annular blind grooves (110) equal in number and corresponding in axial position to the bullet holes (210), and the width of each annular blind groove (110) increases radially from the inside to the outside; The counterweight compartment (300) includes a counterweight compartment body (310) and an inner counterweight (320); the lower part of the counterweight compartment body (310) is located inside the cartridge rack (200) and connected to the inner counterweight (320); the lower outer wall of the counterweight compartment body (310) is provided with a directional spring pin, which is used to engage with one of the inner directional through holes (220) to fix the phase of the bullet hole (210); a counterweight compartment limiting ring (313) is provided in the middle of the counterweight compartment body (310), and the bottom surface of the counterweight compartment limiting ring (313) abuts against the top surface of the cartridge rack (200); The combined compartment (400) includes a combined compartment body (410), the upper part of which is located inside the missile rack (200) and is provided with a firing selection module (430), a detonator (440), and a detonating cord (450) connected in sequence. A positioning pin is provided on the upper outer wall of the combined compartment body (410), and the positioning pin is engaged with the positioning through hole (240) to fix the phase of the combined compartment. A combined compartment limiting ring (414) is provided in the middle of the combined compartment body (410), and the top surface of the combined compartment limiting ring (414) abuts against the bottom surface of the missile rack (200). An insertable protection module (470) is provided in the lower part of the counterweight compartment (310). The protection module (470) short-circuits the two ends of the detonator (440) through an internal circuit, and the input end of the protection module (470) is short-circuited to the ground wire. The upper part of the counterweight compartment (310) and the lower part of the combined compartment (410) are both provided with elastic contact seats (5). The upper part of the counterweight compartment (310) and the lower part of the combined compartment (410) are both frustum structures with an outer diameter decreasing in the direction away from the cartridge (200). The inner circumference of the counterweight compartment limiting ring (313) and the inner circumference of the combination compartment limiting ring (414) are both provided with grounding springs (6); one end of the grounding spring (6) contacts the frame (200), and the other end is used to contact the external structure.
2. The self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight chamber (310) includes a semi-cylindrical section (312) and a frustum section (311), and the counterweight chamber limiting ring (313) is located at the connection between the semi-cylindrical section (312) and the frustum section (311); the frustum section (311) is the frustum structure. The semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment extends into the cartridge (200), the outer side wall is provided with the directional spring pin, and the inner side wall is connected to the inner counterweight (320); The bottom surface of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment is provided with a groove (317) along the axial direction, and at least one support plate (318) is provided in the groove (317).
3. The self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The counterweight compartment (300) also includes connecting bolts; A horizontal baffle (316) is provided at the lower end of the inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment. The horizontal baffle (316) is used to limit the axial position of the inner counterweight (320). The inner wall of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment is provided with a radial through hole (319) on the axis; the outer wall of the semi-cylindrical section (312) of the counterweight compartment is provided with an installation hole (315) corresponding to the radial through hole (319); The inner counterweight (320) is a semi-cylinder, and a radial groove (321) is provided on its inner side; The connecting bolt passes through the radial through hole (319) and is fixed to the inner wall of the radial groove (321) to define the radial position of the inner counterweight (320); the mounting hole (315) is used to install the connecting bolt.
4. The self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The counterweight compartment (300) also includes an outer counterweight (330), which is a hollow cylinder with a through hole on one side wall and at least one fixing hole (331) on the other side wall. The outer counterweight (330) is used to be fitted on the outer periphery of the cartridge (200) and corresponds to the axial position of the inner counterweight (320). The phase of the bullet hole (210) can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the through hole on its side wall on the outer periphery of the cartridge (200). The side wall of the ejector (200) is provided with at least one set of circumferentially arranged external directional through holes (250), each set of external directional through holes (250) is used to cooperate with a fixing hole (331) to fix the phase of the external counterweight (330).
5. A self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The combined cabin (410) includes a combined cabin semi-cylindrical section (411), a combined cabin cylindrical section (412), and a combined cabin frustum section (413) arranged sequentially; the combined cabin frustum section (413) is the frustum structure; The combined compartment semi-cylindrical section (411) and combined compartment cylindrical section (412) are located inside the missile rack (200). The combined compartment semi-cylindrical section (411) is provided with an axially extending first mounting groove (415) and second mounting groove (416), as well as a third mounting groove (417) and the positioning pin. The radial cross section of the first mounting groove (415) is a figure-eight shape with an open outer end. The detonator (440) and detonating cord (450) are arranged in parallel inside the first mounting groove (415). The opening of the second mounting groove (416) is located on the top surface of the combined compartment semi-cylindrical section (411). The selective firing module (430) is arranged inside the second mounting groove (416). The selective firing switch terminal block (460) is arranged inside the third mounting groove (417). The selective firing switch terminal block (460) connects the selective firing module (430) and the detonator (440).
6. The self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combined compartment also includes a combined compartment cover (420) disposed on the semi-cylindrical section (411) of the combined compartment. The lower end of the combined compartment cover (420) is provided with an insertion key block (421), and both sides are provided with open slots (422) to prevent radial and axial detachment. The semi-cylindrical section (411) of the combined compartment is provided with a slot (418) that mates with the insertion key block (421) and a key block (419) that mates with the open slot (422).
7. The self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The through-hole (230) is pear-shaped and there are two through-holes (230), which are located at both ends of the cartridge (200).
8. A self-directional perforation system for oil and gas wells, characterized in that: Includes multiple self-directional perforation devices for oil and gas wells as described in claim 1, with two adjacent self-directional perforation devices for oil and gas wells connected by a conversion joint (700); The conversion connector (700) includes a connector (710) and a through-core component (720) coaxially disposed within the connector (710); the upper part of the connector (710) extends into the annular cavity between the gun body (100) of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the lower part of the combined compartment (410), and the through-core component (720) contacts the elastic contact seat (5) at the lower part of the combined compartment (410); The lower part of the connector (710) extends into the annular cavity between the gun body (100) of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the upper part of the counterweight chamber (310), and the core component (720) contacts the elastic contact seat (5) on the upper part of the counterweight chamber (310).
9. A self-directional perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 8, characterized in that: Both ends of the connector (710) are provided with annular grooves, and bearings (730) are provided in the annular grooves by stamping. The two bearings (730) are located on the upper outer periphery of the counterweight compartment (310) of the next oil and gas well self-directional perforation device and the lower outer periphery of the combined compartment (410) of the previous oil and gas well self-directional perforation device, respectively.
10. A converter assembly for use in the self-directional perforation device for oil and gas wells as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes an intermediate connector (800), an intermediate core component (900) coaxially disposed within the intermediate connector (800), and a switch cap (1000). The intermediate joint (800) has a central through hole along its axis and a joint limiting ring (801) on its outer side wall. The upper and lower parts of the intermediate joint (800) are respectively used to extend between the bottom end of the gun body (100) of the previous firing unit and the bottom end of the magazine (200), and between the top end of the gun body (100) of the next firing unit and the top end of the magazine (200). At least one sealing ring groove (805) is provided on the upper and lower outer side walls. The upper and lower end faces of the joint limiting ring (801) are respectively used to abut against the bottom end of the gun body (100) of the previous firing unit and the top end of the gun body (100) of the next firing unit to limit the installation position. The inner wall of the central through hole is provided with a first inner convex ring (802). The upper and lower ends of the first inner convex ring (802) are both formed with the inner wall of the central through hole to form bearing ring grooves (806). The upper bearing ring groove (806) is provided with a joint bearing (1100) for cooperating with the bottom end of the cartridge (200) of the previous perforation unit. The lower bearing ring groove (806) is provided with a joint bearing (1100) for cooperating with the top end of the cartridge (200) of the next perforation unit. A second inner convex ring (803) is provided in the middle of the inner sidewall of the first inner convex ring (802); The middle core component (900) is located inside the second inner convex ring (803) and both ends are located outside the second inner convex ring (803). Both ends are provided with center contacts. The two center contacts are used to contact the electrical contacts of the previous perforation unit and the next perforation unit respectively to realize electrical connection. The switch cap (1000) is sleeved on the lower part of the intermediate core component (900), and its outer side wall is connected to the inner side wall of the second inner convex ring (803).
11. A converter assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that: The intermediate core component (900) includes a conductive rod (910) and a housing (920); the conductive rod (910) has a center contact at both ends; the housing (920) is sleeved on the conductive rod (910), and baffles (930) are provided between both ends and the sidewalls of the conductive rod (910); the housing (920) is located inside the second inner convex ring (803); at least one sealing ring (1200) is provided between the outer sidewall of the housing (920) and the inner sidewall of the second inner convex ring (803); the bottom surface of the housing (920) abuts against the top surface of the switch cap (1000).
12. A converter assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that: The inner wall of the second inner convex ring (803) is provided with a third inner convex ring (804), and the top surface of the outer shell (920) abuts against the lower end surface of the third inner convex ring (804).
13. A converter assembly according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: An axial protruding ring is provided on the top surface of the switch cap (1000). The top surface of the switch cap (1000) abuts against the bottom surface of the second inner protruding ring (803). The axial protruding ring extends into the second inner protruding ring (803) and abuts against the bottom surface of the outer shell (920). The outer wall of the axial protruding ring is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the second inner protruding ring (803).
14. A converter connector assembly according to claim 13, characterized in that: The outer ring of each of the joint bearings (1100) is installed in the bearing ring groove (806) by stamping.
15. A converter connector assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the outer side wall of the intermediate joint (800) both adopt a double male thread sealing structure.