Methods, apparatuses, and systems for UE positioning accuracy improvement and indication
By associating and signaling positioning anchor location offsets between antenna reference points and phase centers, the method addresses uncertainties in UE positioning, improving accuracy and reducing errors in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in achieving accurate UE positioning due to uncertainties in the location of the antenna phase center, which introduces errors in positioning anchor locations and biases in measurements, limiting the overall positioning accuracy of user equipment.
The method involves obtaining and signaling positioning anchor location offsets associated with antenna reference points and phase centers, using look-up-tables to map these offsets to positioning signal parameters, and dynamically or semi-statically signaling these offsets to enhance location accuracy.
This approach improves UE positioning accuracy by compensating for antenna phase center uncertainties, reducing errors and biases, and enhancing the precision of location estimates.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025086935_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, APPARATUSES, AND SYSTEMS FOR UE POSITIONING ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT AND INDICATIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 741,735 filed on January 3, 2025, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The application relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods, apparatuses, and systems for user equipment (UE) positioning accuracy improvement and indication.BACKGROUND
[0003] Accurate position information is critical for many envisioned sensing and communication applications in future wireless networks. It may help in reducing signaling overhead in sensing-assisted communication applications. For example, knowing the position of the user equipment (UE) can reduce the required signaling for beam sweeping to the best serving beam. Additionally, it can boost up sensing performance and capabilities of sensing services. Target UE positioning and localization accuracy depends highly on the precise knowledge of the locations of the anchor points used in referencing the position or the location of the target UE. Theoretically, the accuracy of the positioning anchors represents an upper bound on the accuracy of the target UE. In other words, one cannot obtain higher position accuracy of a target UE than the accuracy of the locations of the positioning anchors. Thus, reducing the location error of the positioning anchors is a key goal for achieving high accuracy positioning. Moreover, target UE positioning and localization accuracy depends highly on the accuracy of the positioning measurements (e.g., delay / time, angle, signal strength / power measurements) being taken at the receiver side.SUMMARY
[0004] One or more implementations of the present application provide communication methods and communication apparatuses. The techniques described in the application can improve the performance of user equipment (UE) positioning accuracy improvement and indication in wireless communication systems.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving a positioning signal; obtaining a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal; and transmitting information indicating the location offset.
[0006] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters, and the positioning signal parameters include at least one of: an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a receiving antenna; or a configuration of the receiving antenna.
[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the location offset indicates a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna, and the antenna phase center is associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the information includes the location offset.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: obtaining multiple location offsets including the location offset, where each of the multiple location offsets is associated with a corresponding receiving beam and a corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the information includes an index of the location offset in a look-up-table, and the look-up-table includes mapping relationships between each of the multiple location offsets and the corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a request to measure the location offset and a threshold.
[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, transmitting the information indicating the location offset includes transmitting the location offset in response to determining that a magnitude of the location offset is larger than the threshold.
[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: determining a positioning measurement based on the positioning signal and the location offset; and transmitting the positioning measurement.
[0014] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: determining a positioning measurement based on the positioning signal and the location offset; determining a location estimate based on the positioning measurement and the location offset; and transmitting the location estimate.
[0015] According to a second aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving a positioning measurement and information indicating a location offset, where the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning measurement; and determining a location estimate based on the positioning measurement and the information.
[0016] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters, and the positioning signal parameters include at least one of: an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a receiving antenna; or a configuration of the receiving antenna.
[0017] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the location offset indicates a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna, and the antenna phase center is associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0018] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the information includes the location offset.
[0019] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a look-up-table, where the look-up-table includes mapping relationships between multiple location offsets and corresponding combinations of positioning signal parameters.
[0020] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the information includes an index of the location offset in the look-up-table.
[0021] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: transmitting a request to measure the location offset and a threshold, where a magnitude of the location offset is larger than the threshold.
[0022] According to a third aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving a positioning signal; obtaining a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal; determining a positioning measurement based on the positioning signal and the location offset; determining a location estimate based at least on the positioning measurement; and transmitting the location estimate.
[0023] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters, and the positioning signal parameters include at least one of: an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a receiving antenna; or a configuration of the receiving antenna.
[0024] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the location offset indicates a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna, and the antenna phase center is associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0025] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus is configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect, or the third aspect or one or more implementations of the third aspect.
[0026] According to a fifth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to receive a positioning signal; a processing unit configured to obtain a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit information indicating the location offset.
[0027] According to a sixth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to receive a positioning measurement and information indicating a location offset, where the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning measurement; and a processing unit configured to determine a location estimate based on the positioning measurement and the information.
[0028] According to a seventh aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: one or more processors; and an interface circuit configured to: receive a positioning signal; and transmit information indicating a location offset, where the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal.
[0029] According to an eighth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: one or more processors; and an interface circuit configured to receive a positioning measurement and information indicating a location offset, where the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning measurement.
[0030] With reference to the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect, in some implementations, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0031] According to a ninth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories. The one or more memories store instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect, or the third aspect or one or more implementations of the third aspect.
[0032] According to a tenth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first apparatus configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect. The communication system further includes a second apparatus configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0033] According to an eleventh aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0034] According to a twelfth aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product stores instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example communication system, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates uncertainty of a location of an antenna phase center (APC) caused by transmitting (TX) / receiving (RX) timing errors, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates an APC location offset associated with an APC of a given positioning reference signal (PRS) / sounding reference signal (SRS) reception occasion, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 8 shows a signaling flow diagram or method for dynamic APC location offsets signaling of a downlink (DL) positioning procedure, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 9 shows a signaling flow diagram or method for dynamic APC location offsets signaling of an uplink (UL) or sidelink positioning procedure, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 10 shows a signaling flow diagram or method for semi-static signaling of location offsets, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 11 shows another signaling flow diagram or method for semi-static signaling of location offsets, according to some aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0046] Moving towards higher center frequencies allows for having larger dimensional antennas. The precise location where the radio frequency (RF) signal is radiated (or received) by the antenna is not necessarily a physical, fixed, or stable location. Rather, it can vary depending on the direction the signal is coming from or radiated to, the frequency of the signal, hardware irregularities, and the antenna’s configuration and type, etc. The precise location where the radio frequency (RF) signal is radiated (or received) by the antenna is an apparent location commonly known as the antenna phase center. This location may not be physically measurable. In contrast, the antenna reference point (ARP) can be a fixed physical point on the antenna itself, which is used as a reference for the antenna location and the parameters of the radiated (or received) signal, such as phase, time / delay, and angles of departures (arrivals) . Typically, there are offsets between the ARP location and the location of the antenna phase center. These offsets can be called location offsets, which can introduce errors to the positioning anchor locations and biases to the positioning measurements. If these offsets are not properly treated or compensated for, they may introduce positioning errors (e.g., errors of several centimeters) .
[0047] The present disclosure provides, among other features and implementations, methods for positioning accuracy enhancements in future wireless networks. These methods include obtaining, associating, and signaling positioning anchors location offsets that enhance the location accuracy of the positioning anchors. The association is related to associating these location offsets to the parameters of the received positioning signal and the positioning measurements conducted at the positioning receiver. In some implementations, these location offsets are related to the location offset between the location of the antenna reference point (ARP) of the positioning receiver (e.g., TRP in UL positioning or a target UE in DL positioning) and the location of the antenna phase center (APC) of the received positioning signal.
[0048] An aspect of the present disclosure is related to signaling an indication by the node calculating the target UE position (e.g., LMF in case of network-based positioning mode) requesting the positioning receiver (i.e., the node performing positioning measurements) to provide higher accuracy locations information related to the location offsets between ARP locations and APC locations of the positioning receiver.
[0049] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to obtaining APC location offsets at the positioning receiver with respect to a reference point, e.g., ARP of the same positioning receiver.
[0050] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to signaling a threshold value for the magnitude of the APC location offsets.
[0051] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to dynamically signaling the APC location offsets in association with the positioning measurements conducted at the positioning receiver.
[0052] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to a semi-static signaling of the APC location offsets in a form of a look-up-table or dictionary.
[0053] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to identifying the indices of the APC location offsets that are associated with the parameters of the received positioning signal and the positioning measurements conducted at the positioning receiver and signaling these indices to the LMF.
[0054] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and comprises network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0055] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0056] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0057] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0059] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0060] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0061] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0062] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0063] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0064] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0065] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0066] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0067] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0068] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0069] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0070] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0071] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0072] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0073] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0074] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0075] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0076] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0077] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0078] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0079] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0080] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0081] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0082] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0083] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0084] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0085] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0086] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0087] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0088] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0089] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0090] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0091] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. In some implementations, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0092] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0093] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0094] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0095] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0096] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0097] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0098] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0099] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0100] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0101] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0102] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0103] In global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) such as global positioning system (GPS) , there are huge look-up-tables (dictionaries) that include satellite antenna and receiver antenna correction values for different parameters such as frequency, zenith and azimuth angles, antenna types and configuration / information values. These correction values can be static or semi-static (e.g., they can get updated over a large period of time in amounts up to years) . These huge look-up-tables (LUTs) and their correction values are not applied to the current wireless networks for many reasons. First, GNSSs have different frequencies from those of the future wireless networks, and GNSSs can have drastically different setups from the future wireless networks, e.g., satellites’ elevations are different from typical base stations’ elevations. Moreover, the type and configurations of the GNSS antennas are drastically different from the ones of the current and future wireless networks. Furthermore, these look-up-tables may not take into consideration the local environment around the GNSS receivers.
[0104] In the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) positioning, calibration can be limited only to transmission time (e.g., transmitter side) or delay measurements (e.g., receiver side) to compensate for many different delay / time errors including relative time delay between different RF chains, processing delay, groups delays and time offset due to the offset between the location of the antenna phase center to the location of the physical antenna center. For example, at the transmitter side, the transmitter can calibrate either the transmission time of the downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) or the uplink (UL) sounding reference signals (SRS) depending on the transmission scenario (e.g., either downlink or uplink) , respectively. Moreover, at the receiver side, the receiver can calibrate the time / delay related positioning measurements such as DL received signal time difference (RSTD) . However, in some implementations, there is no perfect time calibration to such time offset and there are residual transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) timing errors. In some implementations, RX / TX timing error group (TEG) information elements can provide association between a group time / delay measurements or PRS / SRS resources that have the same timing errors uncertainty margin, e.g., the standard deviation of the time error, i.e., σTE. FIG. 6 illustrates uncertainty of a location of an antenna phase center (APC) caused by TX / RX timing errors, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 6, small residual uncompensated timing errors (e.g., TX / RX timing error 601) can result in large uncertainty region of the location of the antenna phase center (e.g., uncertainty region 602 indicated by the shaded area) .
[0105] In some implementations, knowing the precise location of the reception point of the antenna of the node collecting positioning measurements (e.g., a target UE in case of DL positioning or a TRP in case of UL positioning) allows for precise and high accuracy positioning. In this application, a positioning anchor or an anchor can also be called a reference point (RP) or a positioning reference point (PRP) , which can refer to a fixed, active or passive, position or object used to orient itself or to make comparisons. In some implementations, a reference point can be referred to as a PRP when it is used for sensing and / or positioning. In this application, the terms “positioning anchor, ” “anchor, ” “reference point, ” “RfP, ” “RP, ” “positioning reference point, ” and “PRP” can be used interchangeably unless otherwise noted.
[0106] In some implementations, the locations of the transmission and reception points of the transmit and receive antennas are not fixed locations. They can vary with the properties of an RF signal being communicated between the transmitter and the receiver, antenna, and environment. For example, when beamforming is used in a communication system, the locations of the transmission and reception points of the transmit and receive antennas can be associated with properties of a transmitting or receiving beam. Some of these properties are angles of arrival (e.g., at receiver side) or departure (e.g., at transmitter side) , frequency, antenna hardware, type and configurations, and the intensity of local multi-path condition. In some implementations, the locations of the transmission and reception points of the transmit and receive antennas are apparent locations that may not be accessed and measured physically. For example, these locations can be the locations of the antenna phase centers. On the other hand, the location of an antenna reference point is a physical location that can be accessed and measured with very high precision. However, in some implementations, the location of the antenna reference point is not necessarily the same as the location of the antenna phase centers. There can be location offsets between the location of the antenna reference point and the locations of the antenna phase centers. For example, the location offsets can amount to several centimeters. These location offsets are variable and vary with the properties of the RF signal or the beam being transmitted and / or received, the antenna type and configurations, and local environment conditions. Moreover, these location offsets are present at both transmitter and receiver sides. Such location offsets need to be compensated, corrected or treated at both sides in order to achieve precise and accurate target UE positioning. The location offset can also be called a beam receiving location offset, a receiving antenna location offset, an antenna point offset, an antenna location correction value, or a location correction offset, etc.
[0107] While in some implementations of the present disclosure, a location offset is described in context of an antenna reference point of a transmitting or receiving antenna, it is understood that these examples are for illustration purpose and are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. In practice, any other suitable definitions of the location offset can be applied. For example, in some implementations, the location offset can be defined as an offset between an antenna geometric center of the transmitting or receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the transmitting or receiving antenna.
[0108] In the current 3GPP positioning standards, the positioning of a target UE requires collecting measurements at the receiver side (e.g., target UE in case of DL-positioning or TRPs in case of UL-positioning) . The location offsets, due to, for example, the offsets between the ARP and APCs at the receiver side, may introduce large biases to the positioning measurements at the receiver side.
[0109] The present disclosure provides methods for target UE positioning enhancement.
[0110] An aspect of the present disclosure is related to signaling an indication from a network node (e.g., a location management function (LMF) network entity) requesting a positioning receiver (which can refer to a node collecting positioning measurement) , e.g., target UE, to provide information about location offsets (also called antenna phase center (APC) location offsets) . For instance, the LMF may signal a request to the target UE that collects the positioning measurements. The request can be called RequestToMeasureAPCOffset. In some implementations, the RequestToMeasureAPCOffset may be part of the assistance data between the UE and the LMF, in case of DL positioning. On the other hand, in case of UL positioning, the RequestToMeasureAPCOffset may be part of the assistance data between a positioning TRP and the LMF. The RequestToMeasureAPCOffset is an indicator that the node that calculates the target UE position (e.g., the LMF or target UE in case of network-based or UE-based positioning, respectively) uses to request the positioning receiver to measure and report the APC location offsets associated with positioning measurements at the receiver side.
[0111] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to obtaining and dynamically signaling the APC location offsets to the node that calculates the target UE position. Upon receiving the DL PRS, for DL positioning, and given the receiver beamformer, the UE calculates the per beam / path and per frequency position offset of APC with respect to ARP of the UE. This calculation may be based on a pre-known look-up-table stored in the UE for identifying different location offsets with respect to different angle of arrival (AoA) , frequency, and antenna configuration and type. The AoA can include azimuth angle and / or elevation angle. In another implementation, this calculation may be based on a pre-known mathematical relationship that relates the different position offsets to the various AoAs (e.g., azimuth and elevation) and frequency of the received positioning signals. In another implementation, calculating and estimating APC location offsets may be based on employing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for estimating these position offsets with prior environment knowledge or statistical environment information from the received positioning signal. In practice, these different implementations can be implemented together at the same time to complement each other and provide higher accuracy. These APC location offsets, which are related to the position of the APC of a certain PRS / SRS reception (or path / AoA / frequency) and the location of the reference point, are given as in a vector form. For example, the vector can be represented as (x, y, z) , which indicates a location offset in a 3D space, where x is the latitude offset, y is the longitude offset, and z is the height or altitude offset.
[0112] FIG. 7 illustrates an APC location offset associated with an APC of a given PRS / SRS reception occasion, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, the position of the ARP of a receiving antenna is pARP. For a receiving beam that has an AoAi (i is an integer) , the position of the APC of the receiving antenna is Thus, the corresponding APC location offset can be written as
[0113] In some implementations, these location offsets may depend on the AoAs in the local coordinate of the UE and not the global coordinate. Thus, the location offset based UE positioning enhancement techniques described in the present disclosure may not require TX-RX orientation synchronization (e.g., knowing UE orientation is not required) .
[0114] The dynamic signaling of the APC location offsets depends on the parameters of the received positioning signals (e.g., PRS or SRS) . For example, the UE sends the APC locations offsets related to or associated with the current PRS occasions dynamically to the node responsible for calculating the position of the target UE (LMF in Network-based mode) . In some implementations, the UE may share these APC location offsets to the LMF in association with beam / path / AOD and frequency information of the transmitted positioning reference signal. Additionally, such parameters of the received positioning signals can be represented by a group of identifiers (IDs) such as PRS ID, beam ID, AOD ID, and / or path ID as shown in Table 1. Moreover, the UE may share these APC location offsets to the LMF in association with information about the positioning measurements conducted on the DL-PRS that these APC location offsets are associated with.
[0115] In other words, the TRP can calculate the location offset based on a combination of positioning signal parameters. In some implementations, the positioning signal parameters include at least one of an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a transmitting antenna; or a configuration of the transmitting antenna. For example, Table 1 illustrates APC location offsets labelled by measurements ID, PRS ID, RX-beam ID, path ID, TEG ID, and / or target UE ID, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Table 1
[0116] Table 2 illustrates another table including APC location offsets labelled by measurements ID, PRS ID, RX-beam ID, path ID, TEG ID, and / or target UE ID, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Table 2 is similar to Table 1 and includes indexes of the APC location offsets as a column. In some implementations, Table 2 can be used as a look-up-table that includes mapping relationships between the location offsets and a corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters. Table 2
[0117] An aspect of the present disclosure is related to signaling a threshold value for the magnitude of the APC location offsets. This threshold value can be used by the positioning receiver node as a threshold value for the APC location offsets that should be signaled to the network. In other words, the positioning receiver node can use the threshold value to select or filter the APC location offsets that should be signaled to the network. For example, if the APC location offsets estimated at the receiver side are smaller than the threshold value, the positioning receiver (e.g., target UE in case of DL positioning) may not need to send the estimated APC location offsets to the network (e.g., LMF) . On the other hand, if the estimated APC location offsets are higher than the threshold value, the positioning receiver may have to signal these estimated location offsets to the network. This threshold value may serve as a controller, which can be used by the positioning receiver to adjust a rate or frequency of signaling the APC location offsets to the network. The higher this threshold value is, the lower the signaling rate is. Moreover, the threshold value may work as an accuracy indicator where the lower threshold values may be associated with higher positioning accuracy.
[0118] FIG. 8 shows a signaling flow diagram or method 800 for dynamic APC location offsets signaling of a DL positioning procedure, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The method 800 can be performed by a network device 801, a TRP 802, and a UE 803 (e.g., a target UE) , according to the techniques described in this disclosure. In some implementations, the network device 801 can be an LMF. In some implementations, the network device 801 and the TRP 802 can be located within the same device. It is understood that this description is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. In practice, the method 800 can be applied to other instances of network node and terminal devices or equivalents thereof. It is understood that steps or operations shown in the method 800 are not exhaustive and that other operations can be performed as well before, after, or between any of the illustrated operations. Further, some of the steps or operations may be omitted, performed simultaneously, or in a different order than shown in FIG. 8.
[0119] In the DL positioning procedure of FIG. 8, the dynamic APC location offsets signaling can be transmitted from the target UE 803 to the LMF 801. The LMF 801, or the node that will finally calculate the target UE position, can initiate a process of providing high accuracy location information about APC location offsets of the target UE 803. For example, at 804, the LMF 801 can send a request to the target UE 803 (the node collecting positioning measurements) . The request can be called RequestToMeasureAPCOffset as shown in FIG. 8. At 806, the LMF 801 can send a threshold to the target UE 803. The threshold can indicate a magnitude of the APC location offsets. The request and the threshold can be transmitted via a same message or separate messages. In some implementations, the request and / or the threshold may also be accompanied by positioning configurations such as the positioning mode and PRS time-frequency configurations.
[0120] At 808, the TRP 802 can transmit a positioning signal (e.g., a DL-PRS) to the target UE 803.
[0121] At 810, upon receiving the DL-PRS, the target UE 803 can perform positioning measurements and obtain at least a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal. The location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters. The positioning signal parameters can include at least one of: an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a receiving antenna; or a configuration of the receiving antenna. The location offset can indicate a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna. In one example, the antenna positioning point can be an ARP of the receiving antenna. In another example, the antenna positioning point can be an antenna geometric center (AGC) of the receiving antenna. The antenna phase center can be associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters. In some implementations, at 810, the target UE 803 can calculate its APC location offsets that are associated with the received DL-PRS and the positioning measurements conducted at the target UE 803. The positioning measurements can be determined based on the positioning signal and the location offset. In some implementations, the target UE 803 can obtain multiple location offsets. Each of the multiple location offsets can be associated with a corresponding receiving beam and a corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0122] Then, at 812, the target UE 803 can transmit information indicating the location offset to the LMF 801. In some implementations, the information can include the location offset. In some implementations, the information can include an index of the location offset in a look-up-table (e.g., Table 2) . The look-up-table can include mapping relationships between each of the multiple location offsets and the corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters. In some implementations, the target UE 803 checks if the estimated APC location offsets are higher than the threshold and signals those whose magnitudes exceed the threshold to the LMF 801. For example, at 812, the target UE 803 signals these APC location offsets to the LMF 801. The APC location offsets can be labeled by or associated with the positioning measurements conducted at the target UE 803 and the relevant parameters of the received DL-PRS such as PRS ID and RX beam ID.
[0123] In some implementations, upon receiving the APC location offsets and the corresponding positioning measurements, the LMF 801 can determine a location estimate of the target UE 803 based on the APC location offsets and the corresponding positioning measurements. In some other implementations (not shown in FIG. 8) , instead of transmitting the positioning measurements to the LMF 801 (e.g., at 812) , the target UE 803 can determine a location estimate of the target UE 803 based on the APC location offsets and the corresponding positioning measurements. Then, the target UE 803 can transmit the location estimate to the LMF 801.
[0124] FIG. 9 shows a signaling flow diagram or method 900 for dynamic APC location offsets signaling of a UL or sidelink positioning procedure, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The method 900 can be performed by a network device 901, a device 902, and a UE 903 (e.g., a target UE) , according to the techniques described in this disclosure. In some implementations, the network device 901 can be an LMF. In some implementations, the device 902 can be a TRP. In some other implementations, the device 902 can be another UE configured to communicate with the target UE 903 via a sidelink. In some implementations, the network device 901 and the TRP 902 can be located within the same device. It is understood that this description is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. In practice, the method 900 can be applied to other instances of network node and terminal devices or equivalents thereof. It is understood that steps or operations shown in the method 900 are not exhaustive and that other operations can be performed as well before, after, or between any of the illustrated operations. Further, some of the steps or operations may be omitted, performed simultaneously, or in a different order than shown in FIG. 9.
[0125] In the positioning procedure of FIG. 9, the dynamic APC location offsets signaling can be transmitted from the TRP / UE 902 to the LMF 901. The LMF 901, or the node that will finally calculate the target UE position, can initiate a process of providing high accuracy location information about APC location offsets of a given device (e.g., the TRP / UE 902) . For example, at 904, the LMF 901 can send a request to the TRP / UE 902 (the node collecting positioning measurements in the positioning scenario) . The request can be called RequestToMeasureAPCOffset as shown in FIG. 9. At 906, the LMF 901 can send a threshold value (also called threshold) to the TRP / UE 902. The threshold can indicate a magnitude of the APC location offsets. The request and the threshold can be transmitted via a same message or separate messages. In some implementations, the request and / or the threshold may also be accompanied by the positioning configurations such as the positioning mode and SRS time-frequency configurations.
[0126] At 908, the target UE 903 can transmit a positioning signal to the TRP / UE 902. For example, the positioning signal can be an UL-SRS (e.g., in the UL direction) if the device 902 is a TRP.
[0127] At 910, upon receiving the positioning signal, the TRP / UE 902 can perform positioning measurements and obtain at least a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal. The location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters. The positioning signal parameters can include at least one of: an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a receiving antenna; or a configuration of the receiving antenna. The location offset can indicate a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna. In one example, the antenna positioning point can be an ARP of the receiving antenna. In another example, the antenna positioning point can be an antenna geometric center (AGC) of the receiving antenna. The antenna phase center can be associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters. In some implementations, at 910, the TRP / UE 902 can calculate its APC location offsets that are associated with the received positioning signal (e.g., UL-SRS) and the positioning measurements conducted at the TRP / UE 902. The positioning measurements can be determined based on the positioning signal and the location offset. In some implementations, the TRP / UE 902 can obtain multiple location offsets. Each of the multiple location offsets can be associated with a corresponding receiving beam and a corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0128] Then, at 912, the TRP / UE 902 can transmit information indicating the location offset to the LMF 901. In some implementations, the information can include the location offset. In some implementations, the information can include an index of the location offset in a look-up-table (e.g., Table 2) . The look-up-table can include mapping relationships between each of the multiple location offsets and the corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters. In some implementations, the TRP / UE 902 checks if the estimated APC location offsets are higher than the threshold and signals those whose magnitudes exceed the threshold to the LMF 901. For example, at 912, the TRP / UE 902 signals these APC location offsets to the LMF 901. The APC location offsets can be labeled by or associated with the positioning measurements conducted at the TRP / UE 902 and the relevant parameters of the received positioning signal (e.g., UL-SRS) such as SRS ID and RX beam ID.
[0129] In some implementations, upon receiving the APC location offsets and the corresponding positioning measurements, the LMF 901 can determine a location estimate of the target UE 803 based on the APC location offsets and the corresponding positioning measurements. In some other implementations (not shown in FIG. 9) , instead of transmitting the positioning measurements to the LMF 901 (e.g., at 912) , the TRP / UE 902 can determine a location estimate of the target UE 803 based on the APC location offsets and the corresponding positioning measurements. Then, the TRP / UE 902 can transmit the location estimate to the LMF 901.
[0130] In this disclosure, a positioning signal (e.g., the positioning signal at 808 of FIG. 8 or at 908 of FIG. 9) refers to a signal used for determining a location of a target device. For example, the positioning signal can be a PRS transmitted from a TRP to a UE. In some other examples, the positioning signal can be an SRS transmitted from a UE to a TRP. In some implementations, the positioning signal can be a suitable signal transmitted between two different UEs. While in the present disclosure, some implementations are described in the context of a positioning process using a positioning signal, it is understood that such implementations are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. The techniques or methods described in this disclosure are equally applicable to a sensing process using any suitable sensing signals.
[0131] An aspect of the present disclosure is related to semi-static signaling of the APC location offsets or average APC location offsets according to the APC locations offsets indication and signaling configurations.
[0132] FIG. 10 shows a signaling flow diagram or method 1000 for semi-static signaling of location offsets, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The method 1000 can be performed by a network device 1001, a TRP 1002, and a UE 1003 (e.g., a target UE) , for example, according to the techniques described in this disclosure. In some implementations, the network device 1001 can be an LMF. In some implementations, the network device 1001 and the TRP 1002 can be located within the same device. It is understood that this description is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. In practice, the method 1000 can be applied to other instances of network node and terminal devices or equivalents thereof. It is understood that steps or operations shown in the method 1000 are not exhaustive and that other operations can be performed as well before, after, or between any of the illustrated operations. Further, some of the steps or operations may be omitted, performed simultaneously, or in a different order than shown in FIG. 10.
[0133] As shown in FIG. 10, the LMF 1001, or the node that will finally calculate the target UE position, can initiate a process of providing high accuracy location information about APC location offsets of the target UE 1003. For example, at 1004, the LMF 1001 can send a request to the target UE 1003 (the node collecting positioning measurements) . The request can be called RequestToMeasureAPCOffset as shown in FIG. 10. At 1006, the LMF 1001 can send a first threshold to the target UE 1003. The first threshold can indicate a magnitude of the APC location offsets. The request and the first threshold can be transmitted via a same message or separate messages. In some implementations, the request and / or the first threshold may also be accompanied by positioning configurations such as the positioning mode and PRS time-frequency configurations.
[0134] The target UE 1003 may share a look-up-table (LUT) that maps the APC location offset values to the positioning signal parameters such as AoA (e.g., including azimuth and elevation) as well as the allocated frequency. In other words, the look-up-table (e.g., Table 2) can include mapping relationships between each of the multiple location offsets and the corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters. The positioning signal parameters can include at least one of: an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a receiving antenna; or a configuration of the receiving antenna. For example, at 1007, the target UE 1003 can transmit the LUT to the LMF 1001 (e.g., through higher layer signaling like RRC) .
[0135] In some implementations, sharing the LUT happens after the LMF 1001 transmits and indicates RequestToMeasureAPCOffset to the target UE 1003. The rationale for this is that depending on what accuracy the LMF 1001 needs for positioning, in some implementations, this extra measurement may not be necessary. In some implementations, this LUT may be shared with the network (e.g., the LMF 1001) as part of a capability report. In some implementations, the network may send a second threshold value or second threshold to the target UE 1003 indicating the target UE 1003 to only share the partial LUT for which the magnitude of the position offset is above the second threshold. This second threshold can be used to save the signaling overhead associated with sharing the whole detailed LUT.
[0136] At 1008, the TRP 1002 can transmit a positioning signal (e.g., a DL-PRS) to the target UE 1003.
[0137] At 1010, upon receiving the DL-PRS, the target UE 1003 can perform positioning measurements and obtain at least a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal. The location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters. The location offset can indicate a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna. In one example, the antenna positioning point can be an ARP of the receiving antenna. In another example, the antenna positioning point can be an antenna geometric center (AGC) of the receiving antenna. The antenna phase center can be associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters. In some implementations, at 1010, the target UE 1003 can calculate its APC location offsets that are associated with the received DL-PRS and the positioning measurements conducted at the target UE 1003. The positioning measurements can be determined based on the positioning signal and the location offset. In some implementations, the target UE 1003 can obtain multiple location offsets. Each of the multiple location offsets can be associated with a corresponding receiving beam and a corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0138] Then, at 1012, the target UE 1003 can transmit information indicating the location offset to the LMF 1001. In some implementations, the information can include the location offset. In some implementations, the information can include an index of the location offset in the LUT. In some implementations, the target UE 1003 checks if the estimated APC location offsets are higher than the first threshold and signals those whose magnitudes exceed the first threshold to the LMF 1001. For example, at 1012, the target UE 1003 signals these APC location offsets to the LMF 1001. The APC location offsets can be labeled by or associated with the positioning measurements conducted at the target UE 1003 and the relevant parameters of the received DL-PRS such as PRS ID and RX beam ID. In other words, when the target UE 1003 feeds back the collected positioning measurements at 1012, these measurements can be labeled by or associated with the indices of the estimated APC location offsets in the LUT.
[0139] FIG. 11 shows a signaling flow diagram or method 1100 for semi-static signaling of location offsets, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The method 1100 can be performed by a network device 1101, a device 1102, and a UE 1103 (e.g., a target UE) , according to the techniques described in this disclosure. In some implementations, the network device 1101 can be an LMF. In some implementations, the device 1102 can be a TRP. In some other implementations, the device 1102 can be another UE configured to communicate with the target UE 1103 via a sidelink. In some implementations, the network device 1101 and the TRP 1102 can be located within the same device. It is understood that this description is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. In practice, the method 1100 can be applied to other instances of network node and terminal devices or equivalents thereof. It is understood that steps or operations shown in the method 1100 are not exhaustive and that other operations can be performed as well before, after, or between any of the illustrated operations. Further, some of the steps or operations may be omitted, performed simultaneously, or in a different order than shown in FIG. 11.
[0140] As shown in FIG. 11, the LMF 1101, or the node that will finally calculate the target UE position, can initiate a process of providing high accuracy location information about APC location offsets of a given device (e.g., the TRP / UE 1102) . For example, at 1104, the LMF 1101 can send a request to the TRP / UE 1102 (the node collecting positioning measurements in the positioning scenario) . The request can be called RequestToMeasureAPCOffset as shown in FIG. 11. At 1106, the LMF 1101 can send a first threshold value (also called first threshold) to the TRP / UE 1102. The first threshold can indicate a magnitude of the APC location offsets. The request and the threshold can be transmitted via a same message or separate messages. In some implementations, the request and / or the threshold may also be accompanied by the positioning configurations such as the positioning mode and SRS time-frequency configurations.
[0141] The TRP / UE 1102 may share a look-up-table (LUT) that maps the APC location offset values to the positioning signal parameters such as AoA (e.g., including azimuth and elevation) as well as the allocated frequency. In other words, the look-up-table (e.g., Table 2) can include mapping relationships between each of the multiple location offsets and the corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters. The positioning signal parameters can include at least one of: an azimuth angle; an elevation angle; a frequency; a type of a receiving antenna; or a configuration of the receiving antenna. For example, at 1107, the TRP / UE 1102 can transmit the LUT to the LMF 1101 (e.g., through higher layer signaling like RRC) .
[0142] In some implementations, sharing the LUT happens after the LMF 1101 transmits and indicates RequestToMeasureAPCOffset to the TRP / UE 1102. The rationale for this is that depending on what accuracy the LMF 1101 needs for positioning, in some implementations, this extra measurement may not be necessary. In some implementations, this LUT may be shared with the network (e.g., the LMF 1101) as part of a capability report. In some implementations, the network may send a second threshold value or second threshold to the TRP / UE 1102 indicating the TRP / UE 1102 to only share the partial LUT for which the magnitude of the position offset is above the second threshold. This second threshold can be used to save the signaling overhead associated with sharing the whole detailed LUT.
[0143] At 1108, the target UE 1103 can transmit a positioning signal to the TRP / UE 1102. For example, the positioning signal can be an UL-SRS (e.g., in the UL direction) if the device 1102 is a TRP.
[0144] At 1110, upon receiving the positioning signal, the TRP / UE 1102 can perform positioning measurements and obtain at least a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal. The location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters. The location offset can indicate a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna. In one example, the antenna positioning point can be an ARP of the receiving antenna. In another example, the antenna positioning point can be an antenna geometric center (AGC) of the receiving antenna. The antenna phase center can be associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters. In some implementations, at 1110, the TRP / UE 1102 can calculate its APC location offsets that are associated with the received positioning signal (e.g., UL-SRS) and the positioning measurements conducted at the TRP / UE 1102. The positioning measurements can be determined based on the positioning signal and the location offset. In some implementations, the TRP / UE 1102 can obtain multiple location offsets. Each of the multiple location offsets can be associated with a corresponding receiving beam and a corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.
[0145] Then, at 1112, the TRP / UE 1102 can transmit information indicating the location offset to the LMF 1101. In some implementations, the information can include the location offset. In some implementations, the information can include an index of the location offset in the LUT (e.g., Table 2) . In some implementations, the TRP / UE 1102 checks if the estimated APC location offsets are higher than the threshold and signals those whose magnitudes exceed the threshold to the LMF 1101. For example, at 1112, the TRP / UE 1102 signals these APC location offsets to the LMF 1101. The APC location offsets can be labeled by or associated with the positioning measurements conducted at the TRP / UE 1102 and the relevant parameters of the received positioning signal (e.g., UL-SRS) such as SRS ID and RX beam ID. In other words, when the TRP / UE 1102 feeds back the collected positioning measurements at 1112, these measurements can be labeled by or associated with the indices of the estimated APC location offsets in the LUT.
[0146] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0147] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0148] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0149] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0150] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0151] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0152] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0153] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0154] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the other programmable data processing device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0155] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving a positioning signal;obtaining a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal; andtransmitting information indicating the location offset.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters, and the positioning signal parameters comprise at least one of:an azimuth angle;an elevation angle;a frequency;a type of a receiving antenna; ora configuration of the receiving antenna.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the location offset indicates a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna, and the antenna phase center is associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters.4.The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the information comprises the location offset.5.The method of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising:obtaining multiple location offsets comprising the location offset, wherein each of the multiple location offsets is associated with a corresponding receiving beam and a corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the information comprises an index of the location offset in a look-up-table, and the look-up-table comprises mapping relationships between each of the multiple location offsets and the corresponding combination of positioning signal parameters.7.The method of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising:receiving a request to measure the location offset and a threshold.8.The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the information indicating the location offset comprises transmitting the location offset in response to determining that a magnitude of the location offset is larger than the threshold.9.The method of any one of claims 1-8, further comprising:determining a positioning measurement based on the positioning signal and the location offset; andtransmitting the positioning measurement.10.The method of any one of claims 1-8, further comprising:determining a positioning measurement based on the positioning signal and the location offset;determining a location estimate based on the positioning measurement and the location offset; andtransmitting the location estimate.11.A method comprising:receiving a positioning measurement and information indicating a location offset, wherein the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning measurement; anddetermining a location estimate based on the positioning measurement and the information.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters, and the positioning signal parameters comprise at least one of:an azimuth angle;an elevation angle;a frequency;a type of a receiving antenna; ora configuration of the receiving antenna.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the location offset indicates a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna, and the antenna phase center is associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters.14.The method of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the information comprises the location offset.15.The method of any one of claims 11-14, further comprising:receiving a look-up-table, wherein the look-up-table comprises mapping relationships between multiple location offsets and corresponding combinations of positioning signal parameters.16.The method of any one of claims 11-15, wherein the information comprises an index of the location offset in the look-up-table.17.The method of any one of claims 11-16, further comprising:transmitting a request to measure the location offset and a threshold, wherein a magnitude of the location offset is larger than the threshold.18.A method comprising:receiving a positioning signal;obtaining a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal;determining a positioning measurement based on the positioning signal and the location offset;determining a location estimate based at least on the positioning measurement; andtransmitting the location estimate.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the location offset is associated with a combination of positioning signal parameters, and the positioning signal parameters comprise at least one of:an azimuth angle;an elevation angle;a frequency;a type of a receiving antenna; ora configuration of the receiving antenna.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the location offset indicates a location offset between an antenna positioning point of the receiving antenna and an antenna phase center of the receiving antenna, and the antenna phase center is associated with the combination of positioning signal parameters.21.An apparatus, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-10, any one of claims 11-17, or any one of claims 18-20.22.An apparatus comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive a positioning signal;a processing unit configured to obtain a location offset associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit information indicating the location offset.23.An apparatus comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive a positioning measurement and information indicating a location offset, wherein the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning measurement; anda processing unit configured to determine a location estimate based on the positioning measurement and the information.24.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to:receive a positioning signal; andtransmit information indicating a location offset, wherein the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning signal.25.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to receive a positioning measurement and information indicating a location offset, wherein the location offset is associated with a receiving beam and the positioning measurement.26.The apparatus of claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.27.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-10, any one of claims 11-17, or any one of claims 18-20.28.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-10 and a second apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11-17.29.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-10 or any one of claims 11-17.30.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-10 or any one of claims 11-17.