Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

The present application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus. In the communication method, a first network device may use a first model to predict a target cell to which a terminal device is to be handed over, the time at which the terminal device is to be handed over to the first target cell, or a target beam to be used when the terminal device is handed over to the first target cell, and then may send first indication information to a second network device. In this way, the second network device may perform dynamic scheduling on the basis of the first indication information and / or receive an uplink message from the terminal device on a preconfigured resource on the basis of the first indication information, thereby avoiding resource waste caused by the second network device blindly performing dynamic scheduling, or avoiding resource waste caused by the second network device reserving the preconfigured resource for the terminal device for a long period of time, thus saving resources.

Description

Communication methods and communication devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411998545.6, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on December 31, 2024, entitled "Communication Method and Communication Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and specifically to communication methods and devices within the field of communications. Background Technology

[0003] In existing communication systems, before transmitting data with network devices, terminal devices must first connect to the network. Typically, this connection is made via random access, which takes time and results in significant latency. This is especially true during handover scenarios, where a terminal device moves from the coverage area of ​​one network device to another. The random access method leads to further latency, impacting transmission performance. To reduce latency, terminal devices can use non-random access methods. However, in some handover techniques triggered by the terminal device, the network device is unaware of when the terminal will connect. Therefore, the network device needs to provide more transmission resources to ensure timely connection, resulting in substantial resource overhead. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a communication method and a communication device that can save resources.

[0005] Firstly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a first network device with computing capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a device with computing capabilities. For example, the device can be the first network device; alternatively, the method can also be executed by a computing device with communication capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a computing device with communication capabilities. The following description uses the first network device as the executing entity of this method as an example; in actual implementation, the executing entity of this method can be other names.

[0006] The communication method includes: acquiring a first measurement report and corresponding time information, wherein the first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell; inputting the first measurement report, the corresponding time information, and handover trigger information of the terminal device into a first model to determine at least one of the following: a first target cell to which the terminal device will handover, the time at which the terminal device will handover to the first target cell, or a target beam to which the terminal device will handover to the first target cell, wherein the handover trigger information is used to indicate the triggering conditions that the network device to which the terminal device belongs must meet; sending first indication information to a second network device to which the first target cell belongs, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device will handover to the first target cell, the time at which the terminal device will handover to the first target cell, or a target beam to which the terminal device will handover to the first target cell; wherein the at least one candidate cell includes the first target cell, and the first network device is the network device to which the source cell belongs.

[0007] In the above scheme, the first network device can use a first model to predict when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. After this prediction, the first network device can send first indication information to the second network device. The first indication information can indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. In this way, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling based on the first indication information, and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources based on the first indication information. This avoids the problem of the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling, which leads to resource waste, or avoids the problem of the second network device reserving pre-configured resources for the terminal device for a long time, which leads to resource waste, thus saving resources.

[0008] Optionally, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report may include the time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell and the time information corresponding to the measurement reports of at least one candidate cell. The time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell may indicate the time when the terminal device obtains the measurement report of the source cell, or it may indicate the time when the first network device receives the measurement report of the source cell. The time information corresponding to the measurement reports of at least one candidate cell may indicate the time when the terminal device obtains the measurement report of at least one candidate cell, or it may indicate the time when the first network device receives the measurement report of at least one candidate cell. Optionally, the measurement report of at least one candidate cell may include the measurement report of each of the at least one candidate cell, and the time information corresponding to the measurement report of at least one candidate cell may include the time information corresponding to the measurement report of each of the at least one candidate cell.

[0009] Optionally, after the terminal device fails to access the first target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can be a candidate network device; after the terminal device accesses the first target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can be the target network device. In other words, the above scheme can be applied to scenarios where network devices are switched to serve the terminal device.

[0010] In some possible implementations, after sending the first indication information to the second network device to which the first target cell belongs, the communication method further includes: receiving second indication information from the second network device, the second indication information indicating at least one of the following: the terminal device switching to the second target cell, the time of the terminal device switching to the second target cell, the target beam used by the terminal device to switch to the second target cell, and a second measurement report of the second target cell or time information corresponding to the second measurement report.

[0011] In the above scheme, after the terminal device switches to the second target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can indicate the switching information of the terminal device to the first network device through the second indication information, so that the first network device can know the accuracy of the prediction.

[0012] Alternatively, the second instruction information is used to instruct the second network device to cooperate with the first network device in using the first model.

[0013] Optionally, the first target cell and the second target cell can be the same.

[0014] Optionally, the first target cell and the second target cell can be different.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the communication method further includes updating the first model according to the second instruction information.

[0016] In the above scheme, the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell as indicated by the second indication information is the actual time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, and the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the second target cell is the actual target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the second target cell. The first network device can update the first model according to the second indication information, so as to ensure the robustness of the first model.

[0017] In some possible implementations, before receiving the second indication information from the second network device, the communication method further includes: sending third indication information to the second network device, the third indication information being used to instruct the second network device to feed back the second indication information to the first network device; wherein, receiving the second indication information from the second network device includes: receiving the second indication information sent by the second network device based on the third indication information.

[0018] In the above scheme, the second network device can provide feedback on the second instruction information based on the third instruction information sent by the first network device, thus avoiding the situation where the second network device cannot determine whether to provide feedback on the second instruction information.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the third indication information is identification information. Before sending the third indication information to the second network device, the communication method further includes: sending association information to the second network device, the association information being used to indicate that the identification information is associated with the feedback second indication information; wherein, receiving the second indication information sent by the second network device based on the third indication information includes: receiving the second indication information sent by the second network device according to the identification information and the association information.

[0020] In the above scheme, when the second network device receives the identification information, it determines that the identification information is related to the feedback of the second instruction information based on the identification information and the associated information. Therefore, the second network device needs to feed back the second instruction information. In other words, the second network device is unaware that the first network device uses the first model to infer the handover information of the terminal device. Therefore, the first network device needs to use the identification to instruct the second network device to cooperate in inferring the handover information of the terminal device. In this way, the second network device can cooperate with the first network device to feed back the second instruction information.

[0021] In some possible implementations, sending the first indication information to the second network device to which the target cell belongs includes: sending a first message to the second network device to which the target cell belongs, the first message including the first indication information and a third indication information, the third indication information being used to instruct the second network device to feed back the second indication information to the first network device;

[0022] The step of receiving the second indication information from the second network device includes: receiving the second indication information sent by the second network device according to the third indication information.

[0023] In the above scheme, the first message sent by the first network device to the second network device may include first indication information and third indication information. The second network device can dynamically schedule and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device based on the first indication information and in the pre-configured resources. The second network device determines that the terminal device needs to send back second indication information after accessing the network based on the third indication information. In this way, signaling can be saved and the first network device can avoid sending the first indication information and the third indication information through different messages.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the communication method further includes receiving fourth indication information from a model management device, the fourth indication information being used to indicate the first model.

[0025] In the above scheme, the first network device can obtain the first model based on the fourth instruction information.

[0026] Optionally, the first network device can train the first model.

[0027] Secondly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a second network device with computing capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a device with computing capabilities. For example, the device can be a second network device; alternatively, the method can also be executed by a computing device with communication capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a computing device with communication capabilities. The following explanation uses a second network device as the executing entity of this method as an example; in actual implementation, the executing entity of this method can be other names.

[0028] The communication method includes: sending dynamic scheduling to a terminal device from a second target cell managed by the second network device and / or receiving uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources; after the terminal device accesses the second target cell according to the dynamic scheduling and / or the uplink messages, sending second indication information to a first network device, the second indication information indicating at least one of the following: the terminal device switching to the second target cell, the time of the terminal device switching to the second target cell, the target beam of the terminal device switching to the second target cell, and a second measurement report of the second target cell or time information corresponding to the second measurement report; wherein, the first network device is the source network device before the terminal device switches to the second target cell.

[0029] In the above scheme, after the terminal device switches to the second target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can switch the terminal device to the second target cell. The time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, and at least one of the second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report are indicated to the first network device through the second indication information, so that the first network device can know the accuracy of the prediction based on the first model. In this way, the second network device can cooperate with the first network device to use the first model.

[0030] In some possible implementations, before sending the second indication information to the first network device, the communication method further includes: receiving first indication information from the first network device, the first indication information indicating at least one of the following: the terminal device is about to switch to a first target cell managed by the second network device, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell; in the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, dynamic scheduling is sent using the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the first target cell according to the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell; or, in the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, uplink messages from the terminal device are received on pre-configured resources using the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the first target cell according to the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell; wherein the first target cell is the same as or different from the second target cell.

[0031] In the above scheme, the second network device can learn from the first indication information that the terminal device is about to switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use after switching to the first target cell, at least one of these. In this way, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling based on the first indication information, and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources based on the first indication information. This avoids the problem of the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling messages, which would lead to resource waste, or the problem of the second network device reserving pre-configured resources for the terminal device for a long time, which would also lead to resource waste, thus saving resources.

[0032] In some possible implementations, before sending the second indication information to the first network device, the communication method further includes: receiving third indication information from the first network device, the third indication information being used to instruct the second network device to feed back the second indication information to the first network device; wherein, sending the second indication information to the first network device includes: sending the second indication information to the first network device according to the third indication information.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the third indication information is identification information. Before receiving the third indication information from the first network device, the communication method further includes: receiving association information from the first network device, the association information being used to indicate that the identification information is associated with the feedback second indication information; wherein, sending the second indication information to the first network device according to the third indication information includes: sending the second indication information to the first network device according to the identification information and the association information.

[0034] In some possible implementations, receiving the first indication information from the first network device includes: receiving a first message from the first network device, the first message including the first indication information and a third indication information, the third indication information being used to instruct the second network device to feed back the second indication information to the first network device; wherein, sending the second indication information to the first network device includes: sending the second indication information to the first network device according to the third indication information.

[0035] Specifically, the description of the second aspect is the same as that of the first aspect, but will not be described in detail to avoid redundancy.

[0036] Thirdly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a second network device with computing capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a device with computing capabilities. For example, the device can be a second network device; alternatively, the method can also be executed by a computing device with communication capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a computing device with communication capabilities. The following explanation uses a second network device as the executing entity of this method as an example; in actual implementation, the executing entity of this method can be other names.

[0037] The communication method includes: obtaining a first measurement report and corresponding time information from a first network device, wherein the first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell; obtaining handover trigger information of the terminal device from the first network device; inputting the first measurement report, the corresponding time information of the first measurement report, and the handover trigger information into a first model to determine at least one of the following: the terminal device is about to hand over to a first target cell, the time at which the terminal device will hand over to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when handing over to the first target cell;

[0038] In the first target cell, dynamic scheduling is performed using the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell based on the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, and / or, in the first target cell, uplink messages from the terminal device are received on pre-configured resources using the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell based on the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell.

[0039] Wherein, the at least one candidate cell includes the first target cell, the first network device is the network device to which the source cell belongs, and the second network device is the network device to which the first target cell belongs.

[0040] In the above scheme, the second network device can use the first model to predict the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. The second network device can then send dynamic scheduling data using the target beam in the first target cell based on the expected switch time, and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources using the target beam based on the expected switch time. This avoids the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling data, or the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device reserving pre-configured resources for the terminal device for an extended period.

[0041] Optionally, for handover triggered by a terminal device, the handover trigger information is used to indicate the triggering conditions that the network device to which the terminal device belongs must meet; for handover triggered by a network device, the handover trigger information is used to indicate the triggering time of the handover.

[0042] Optionally, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report can indicate the time when the terminal device obtains the first measurement report, or it can indicate the time when the first network device receives the first measurement report; this embodiment of the application does not limit this. For example, the time information of the source cell's measurement report can indicate the time when the terminal device obtains the source cell's measurement report, or it can indicate the time when the first network device receives the source cell's measurement report. As another example, the time information of at least one candidate cell can indicate the time when the terminal device obtains the measurement report of at least one candidate cell, or it can indicate the time when the first network device receives the measurement report of at least one candidate cell.

[0043] Optionally, after the terminal device fails to access the first target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can be a candidate network device; after the terminal device accesses the first target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can be the target network device. In other words, the above scheme can be applied to scenarios where network devices are switched to serve the terminal device.

[0044] In some possible implementations, before obtaining the first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report from the first network device, the communication method further includes: sending a first message to the first network device, the first message being used to request the measurement report and the time information; wherein, obtaining the first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report from the first network device includes: receiving the first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the first message.

[0045] In the above scheme, the second network device can request the first network device to send a first measurement report and corresponding time information based on the first message. The first network device can then send the first measurement report and corresponding time information to the second network device according to the request in the first message. This avoids the problem of the first network device not knowing how to send the first measurement report and corresponding time information.

[0046] Optionally, the second message may be a response message to a request message for requesting configuration information of candidate cells.

[0047] In some possible implementations, the first message includes first condition information, which indicates a first condition; wherein, receiving from the first network device the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the first message and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report includes:

[0048] Receive from the first network device the first measurement report sent by the first network device after the first condition indicated by the first condition information is met, and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report.

[0049] In the above scheme, the second network device can receive from the first network device a first measurement report and the corresponding time information sent by the first network device after the first condition indicated by the first condition information is met. This avoids the situation where the first network device blindly sends the first measurement report and its corresponding time information, thus preventing wasted signaling.

[0050] In some possible implementations, the measurement report of the source cell includes the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than a first threshold; and / or, the measurement result of the at least one candidate cell includes the RSRP of the at least one candidate cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that at least one of the at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of the reference signal greater than a second threshold.

[0051] In the above scheme, when the first network device determines that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than the first threshold, it indicates that the signal quality of the source cell is poor and the terminal device needs to hand over. Therefore, it can send a first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device. Alternatively, if at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of reference signal greater than the second threshold, the first network device determines that the signal quality of a certain candidate cell is good, and therefore, the terminal device may need to hand over. Or, if the first network device determines that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than the first threshold and at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of reference signal greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the signal quality of the source cell is poor and the signal quality of a certain candidate cell is good, indicating that the terminal device may need to hand over. Therefore, it can send a first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device to which the candidate cell with good signal quality belongs, thus avoiding the situation where the first network device blindly sends the first measurement report and its corresponding time information to the second network device, resulting in wasted signaling.

[0052] In some possible implementations, the first message includes periodic information, which indicates the sending period of the measurement report sent by the first network device; wherein, receiving the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the first message and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report from the first network device includes: receiving the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the periodic information included in the first message and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report from the first network device.

[0053] In the above scheme, the first network device can send a first measurement report and its corresponding time information to the second network device according to the periodic information, so as to avoid the problem that the first network device does not know when to send the first measurement report and its corresponding time information to the second network device.

[0054] In some possible implementations, before obtaining the handover trigger information of the terminal device, the communication method further includes: sending a second message to the first network device, the second message being used to request the handover trigger information of the terminal device; wherein, obtaining the handover trigger information of the terminal device includes: receiving the handover trigger information of the terminal device sent by the first network device according to the second message from the first network device.

[0055] In the above scheme, the second network device can request the first network device to send handover trigger information for the terminal device based on the second message. The first network device can then send the handover trigger information for the terminal device to the second network device according to the request in the first message. This avoids the problem of the first network device not knowing how to send the handover trigger information for the terminal device to the second network device.

[0056] Optionally, the second message may be a response message to a request message for requesting configuration information of candidate cells.

[0057] In some possible implementations, the first message and the second message are the same message.

[0058] Optionally, if the first message and the second message are the same message, the first message includes first condition information. The second network device can receive from the first network device a first measurement report sent by the first network device after the first condition indicated by the first condition information is met, along with the time information corresponding to the first measurement report and the handover trigger information of the terminal device. In other words, the first condition indicated by the first condition information is the condition for sending the first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report, and the handover trigger information of the terminal device.

[0059] Optionally, if the first message and the second message are the same message, and the first message includes periodic information, the second network device can receive from the first network device a first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the periodic information, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report, and the handover trigger information of the terminal device. In other words, the periodic information can indicate the period for sending the first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report, and the handover trigger information of the terminal device.

[0060] In some possible implementations, the communication method further includes: after the terminal device switches to the second target cell managed by the second network device, according to the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam used by the terminal device to switch to the second target cell, and at least one of the second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report updates the first model.

[0061] In the above scheme, after the terminal device switches to the second target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can update the first model according to the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell and the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the second target cell. In this way, the robustness of the first model can be guaranteed.

[0062] Optionally, the second target cell is the same as the first target cell.

[0063] Optionally, the second target cell may be different from the first target cell.

[0064] Fourthly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a second network device with computing capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a device with computing capabilities. For example, the device can be a second network device; alternatively, the method can also be executed by a computing device with communication capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a computing device with communication capabilities. The following explanation uses a second network device as the execution subject of this method as an example; in actual implementation, the execution subject of this method can be other names.

[0065] The communication method includes: sending a first measurement report and corresponding time information to a second network device, wherein the first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell; sending handover trigger information of the terminal device to the second network device, wherein the handover trigger information is used to indicate the triggering conditions that the terminal device must meet to hand over to the network device; wherein the first network device is the network device to which the source cell belongs, and the second network device is the network device to which at least some of the candidate cells belong.

[0066] In the above scheme, the first network device can send a first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the second network device, and can also send handover trigger information for the terminal device. This allows the second network device to input the first measurement report, the corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information into a first model to predict when the terminal device will hand over to the first target cell, the time of the handover, or the target beam the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. The second network device can then send dynamic scheduling data using the target beam in the first target cell based on the handover time, and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources using the target beam based on the handover time. This avoids resource waste caused by the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling data, or resource waste caused by the second network device reserving pre-configured resources for the terminal device for an extended period.

[0067] In some possible implementations, before sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the second network device, the communication method further includes:

[0068] Receive a first message from the second network device, the first message being used to request a measurement report and time information;

[0069] The step of sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the second network device includes:

[0070] The first measurement report and the corresponding time information are sent to the second network device according to the first message.

[0071] In some possible implementations, the first message includes first condition information, which is used to indicate a first condition;

[0072] The step of sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device according to the first message includes:

[0073] After the first condition indicated by the first condition information is met, the first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report are sent to the second network device.

[0074] In some possible implementations, the measurement report of the source cell includes the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than a first threshold; and / or, the measurement result of the at least one candidate cell includes the RSRP of the at least one candidate cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that at least one of the at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of the reference signal greater than a second threshold.

[0075] In some possible implementations, the first message includes periodic information, which is used to indicate the transmission period of the first network device;

[0076] The step of sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device according to the first message includes:

[0077] The first measurement report and the corresponding time information are sent to the second network device based on the periodic information included in the first message.

[0078] In some possible implementations, before sending the handover trigger information of the terminal device to the second network device, the communication method further includes:

[0079] Receive a second message from the second network device, the second message being used to request handover trigger information from the terminal device;

[0080] The step of sending the handover trigger information of the terminal device to the second network device includes:

[0081] The handover trigger information of the terminal device is sent to the second network device according to the second message.

[0082] In some possible implementations, the first message and the second message are the same message.

[0083] Specifically, the description of the fourth aspect can be found in the description of the third aspect, but will not be described in detail to avoid redundancy.

[0084] Fifthly, a method for generating a model is provided. This method can be executed by a model management device with computing capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a device with computing capabilities. For example, the device can be a model management device. Alternatively, the method can also be executed by a computing device with communication capabilities or a component (such as a chip or module) of a computing device with communication capabilities. The following explanation uses a model management device as the executing entity of this method as an example; in actual implementation, the executing entity of this method can be other names.

[0085] The method involves acquiring the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information for each of the multiple terminal devices, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, and the handover trigger information for each terminal device. The handover trigger information for each terminal device is used to indicate the triggering conditions that the network device to which each terminal device belongs must meet for handover. Based on the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, and the handover trigger information for each terminal device, a first model is determined.

[0086] In the above scheme, the model management device can determine the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device. The first model can be an AI model. In this way, the first network device or the second network device can predict the handover time of the terminal device based on the first model. In the scenario of non-random access, the second network device can allocate resources to the terminal device based on the prediction results, which is beneficial for the terminal device to access the second network device and avoids the situation where the second network device needs to allocate too many resources to the terminal device, resulting in resource waste.

[0087] Optionally, the model management device can perform data preprocessing, feature selection, model selection, verification, and testing on the measurement reports of the source cell and their corresponding time information of each terminal device, the measurement reports of the candidate cells and their corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device to obtain a first model.

[0088] Optionally, determining the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device includes: determining the handover time of each terminal device based on the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and determining the first model based on the handover time of each terminal device and the handover trigger information of each terminal device.

[0089] Optionally, before determining the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device, the model management device can obtain the handover time of each terminal device to the target cell from the network device to which the target cell of each terminal device belongs. Determining the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device includes: determining the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, the handover time of each terminal device to the target cell, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device.

[0090] Optionally, candidate cell refers to the cell measured by the terminal device before handover, and target cell refers to the cell after handover. A cell can be called a candidate cell before handover, and can be the target cell after handover.

[0091] In some possible implementations, obtaining the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device includes: receiving the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device from the network device to which the source cell of each terminal device belongs.

[0092] In the above scheme, the model management device can receive the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device from the network device to which the source cell of each terminal device belongs, thereby providing a method for the model management device to obtain this information.

[0093] In some possible implementations, obtaining the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device includes: receiving the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device from the network device to which the target cell of each terminal device belongs.

[0094] In the above scheme, the model management device can receive the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device from the network device to which the target cell of each terminal device belongs, thereby providing a method for the model management device to obtain this information.

[0095] In some possible implementations, the communication method further includes: acquiring the measurement report of the target cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information; wherein, determining the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device includes: determining the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the target cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device.

[0096] In the above scheme, the model management device can obtain the measurement report and its corresponding time information of each terminal device after switching to the target cell from the network device to which the target cell belongs. In this way, the model management device can determine the first model based on the measurement report and its corresponding time information of the source cell of each terminal device, the measurement report and its corresponding time information of the candidate cell of each terminal device, the handover trigger information of each terminal device, and the measurement report and its corresponding time information of each terminal device after switching to the target cell.

[0097] In some possible implementations, the communication method further includes: sending indication information for instructing the first model.

[0098] In the above scheme, the model management device can send instruction information to the device using the first model to indicate the first model. The device using the first model can be the source network device of the terminal device or the candidate network device of the terminal device.

[0099] Sixthly, a communication device is provided, which has the function of implementing any one of the above aspects. The function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions. For example, a transceiver module or unit, a processing module or unit, an acquisition module or unit, etc.

[0100] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication device, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program; and the processor is used to cause the communication device to execute any of the communication methods described above when the computer program is invoked.

[0101] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip system including a processor coupled to a memory, wherein the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory to implement the communication method of any of the above aspects.

[0102] The chip system can be a single chip or a chip module composed of multiple chips.

[0103] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the communication method of any of the above aspects.

[0104] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product that, when run on a communication device, causes the communication device to execute any of the communication methods described in the above aspects.

[0105] It is understood that the beneficial effects of aspects six through ten above can be found in the relevant descriptions of the above aspects, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0106] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the communication system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0107] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the network device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0108] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the method for determining the model provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0109] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0110] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0111] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0112] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0113] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0114] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0115] Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0116] It should be understood that the methods, situations, categories, and classifications of embodiments in this application are for the convenience of description only and should not constitute a special limitation. Various methods, categories, situations, and features in embodiments can be combined without contradiction.

[0117] It should also be understood that the terms "first," "second," and "third" in the embodiments of this application are for distinction only and should not constitute any limitation on this application. It should also be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0118] In this application embodiment, the number of nouns, unless otherwise specified, refers to "singular nouns or plural nouns," that is, "one or more." "At least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c means: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0119] Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, used in the description of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include other steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0120] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the words "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of the words "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0121] The methods and apparatus provided in this application are based on the same or similar technical concepts. Since the methods and apparatus solve problems in similar ways, the implementation of the apparatus and methods can refer to each other, and repeated parts will not be described again.

[0122] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication system may include a network device 110 and one or more terminal devices (such as terminal devices 121 and 122 shown in Figure 1) communicating with each other. When the network device 110 sends a signal, the network device 110 is the transmitter, and the terminal device 121 or terminal device 122 is the receiver. Conversely, when the terminal device 121 or terminal device 122 sends a signal, the terminal device 121 or terminal device 122 is the transmitter, and the network device 110 is the receiver. Optionally, terminal devices 121 and 122 can also communicate. When terminal device 121 sends a signal to terminal device 122, terminal device 121 is the transmitter, and terminal device 122 is the receiver. Conversely, when terminal device 122 sends a signal to terminal device 121, terminal device 122 is the transmitter, and terminal device 121 is the receiver.

[0123] Terminal equipment 121 or terminal equipment 122 can also be referred to as terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), roadside unit (RSU), etc. The terminal devices in this application can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, speakers, etc. They can also be wireless terminals used in scenarios such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, self-driving, remote medical care, smart grids, transportation safety, smart cities, smart wearables, intelligent transportation, and smart homes. In this application, the aforementioned terminal devices and chips applicable to them are collectively referred to as terminal devices. It should be understood that this application does not limit the specific technology or form of the terminal device.

[0124] Network device 110 can be a device in a wireless network, and can also be referred to as a network apparatus. For example, network device 110 can be a radio access network (RAN) node that connects terminal devices to the wireless network, and can also be referred to as an access network device. Network device 110 includes, but is not limited to: evolved Node B (eNB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (NB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), home base station (e.g., home evolved Node B, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (BBU), access point (AP), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (TP), reception point (RP), or transmission and reception point (TRP) in a wireless fidelity (WIFI) system, and can also be network device in a 5G mobile communication system or other network device in other future network systems. For example, a next-generation NodeB (gNB), transmission reception point (TRP), or TP in an NR system; or, one or a group of antenna panels (including multiple antenna panels) of a base station in a 5G mobile communication system; or, network equipment 110 can also be a network node constituting a gNB or transmission point. For example, a BBU, or a distributed unit (DU), etc.

[0125] In some deployments, network device 110 may include a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). Network device 110 may also include an active antenna unit (AAU). The CU implements some functions of the gNB, and the DU implements some functions of the gNB, as shown in Figure 3. Each DU can connect to the CU via an F1 interface. Information exchange between different DUs can be completed based on forwarding by the CU. The CU and DU can be physically set together or separately; this embodiment does not impose such limitations. For example, the CU is responsible for handling non-real-time protocols and services, implementing the functions of the radio resource control (RRC) layer. The CU can also implement the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. The DU is responsible for handling physical layer protocols and real-time services, implementing the functions of the radio link control (RLC) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, and physical (PHY) layer. In some deployments, the CU can be further divided into a centralized unit control plane (CU-CP) node and a centralized unit user plane (CU-UP) node. The CU-CP is responsible for control plane functions, while the CU-UP is responsible for user plane functions. For example, the CU-CP and CU-UP can be implemented by different functional entities and connected via an E1 interface. The CU-CP and CU-UP can be coupled with the DU to jointly complete the base station's functions. The CU control plane CU-CP also includes a further segmented architecture, dividing the existing CU-CP into CU-CP1 and CU-CP2. CU-CP1 includes various radio resource management functions, while CU-CP2 only includes radio resource control (RRC) functions and PDCP-C functions (i.e., the basic functions of control plane signaling at the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer).

[0126] The communication system shown in Figure 1 can be 4G, 5G or future communication systems, and this application embodiment does not limit it.

[0127] For ease of description, the device numbers are omitted in the following embodiments. For example, "terminal device" means "terminal device 121 or terminal device 122", and "network device" means "network device 110".

[0128] In this application embodiment, terminal devices and network devices are used as examples for description. In practical applications, this application embodiment can also be applied to other scenarios, such as satellite communication scenarios.

[0129] In existing communication systems, during handover scenarios, before transmitting data with the target network device, the terminal device must first access the target network device. Typically, this involves a random access process, which takes time, resulting in significant latency. In some embodiments, to reduce this latency, the terminal device can access the target network device without random access. During this process, the terminal device can use dynamic scheduling sent by the target network device or send uplink messages on pre-configured resources to access the target network device. However, in some handover techniques triggered by the terminal device, the target network device doesn't know which cell the terminal device will access, when it will access the cell, or the beam it will use. Therefore, the target network device needs to blindly provide a large amount of transmission resources to the terminal device to ensure timely access, leading to significant resource overhead. For example, the target network device might frequently send dynamic scheduling messages or reserve pre-configured resources for the terminal device for an extended period, wasting resources if no terminal device accesses the target network device.

[0130] In this embodiment of the application, the first network device can be the source network device, and the second network device can be called the candidate network device before the handover. After the terminal device determines to hand over to the candidate network device, the second network device can be the target network device. The cell managed by the second network device can be called the candidate cell before the terminal device handover. After the terminal device determines to hand over to a candidate cell managed by the second network device, the cell managed by the second network device can be called the target cell.

[0131] The following describes the terminology used in the embodiments of this application.

[0132] In random access (RA) or random access channel (RACH) methods, when a terminal device accesses a network device, it can send multiple preambles to the network device and select one. The network device can blindly detect the preamble. After detecting the preamble, the network device can send an uplink grant to the terminal device. The uplink grant may include timing advance (TA). The terminal device sends uplink messages based on the uplink grant. Therefore, the latency of a terminal device accessing a network device via random access is relatively long. However, through random access, the terminal device and the network device can achieve uplink synchronization based on the TA, and the network device can also determine the beam direction based on the resources received from the preamble. In this way, the terminal device and the network device can communicate using aligned beam directions.

[0133] Without random access, the terminal device can send uplink messages based on the uplink grant (DG) dynamically scheduled by the network device. For example, the network device can send a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), which may include the dynamically scheduled uplink grant. Alternatively, the terminal device can send uplink messages based on a pre-configured uplink grant (CG), without needing to send a preamble. Therefore, without random access, the latency of the terminal device accessing the network device is reduced. The pre-configured uplink grant is also called a semi-static uplink grant. The pre-configured uplink grant is equivalent to the network device pre-configuring resources for sending uplink messages for the terminal device.

[0134] In a handover, a terminal device can move from the coverage area of ​​a first network device to the coverage area of ​​a second network device. The first network device can be the network device to which the serving cell (or source cell) of the terminal device belongs. The terminal device can switch from the first network device to the second network device. The handover can be either a handover triggered by the terminal device or a handover triggered by the first network device. A handover triggered by the terminal device can be triggered by the terminal device after determining that the handover conditions are met. A handover triggered by the first network device can be triggered by the first network device sending a handover command to the terminal device after determining that the handover conditions are met. In scenarios where handover is triggered by a terminal device, to reduce the time it takes for the terminal device to access the first network device, the terminal device can switch to the second network device using a dynamically scheduled uplink grant or a pre-configured uplink grant (CG) sent by the second network device. However, in these scenarios, the second network device doesn't know when the terminal device will switch, leading to frequent dynamic scheduling and wasted resources. Alternatively, in handover scenarios, the second network device can grant the terminal device a pre-configured uplink grant, but if the terminal device doesn't access the second network device for an extended period, the pre-configured uplink grant cannot be allocated to other terminal devices, also resulting in wasted resources.

[0135] The method for determining a model in an embodiment of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in Figure 3, this method can be executed by a model training network element, such as a cloud network device, an over-the-top service (OTT) server device, or operations, administration and maintenance (OAM). Taking OAM as an example, the method includes:

[0136] S310, OAM acquires the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device among multiple terminal devices, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device.

[0137] Optionally, the handover trigger information can be handover trigger information in a handover scenario triggered by a terminal device, or handover trigger information in a handover scenario triggered by a network device. Optionally, in a handover scenario triggered by a terminal device, the handover trigger information for each terminal device is used to indicate the triggering conditions that the network device to which each terminal device belongs must meet for the handover. Optionally, in a handover scenario triggered by a terminal device, the handover trigger information for each terminal device can be configured by the network device to which the source cell of each terminal device belongs to each terminal device. Optionally, in a handover scenario triggered by a terminal device, the triggering condition information for each terminal device can include the event that triggers the handover for each terminal device and the parameters corresponding to the event. Optionally, the parameters corresponding to the event can include the parameters corresponding to meeting the handover conditions and / or the duration for which the handover conditions are met. For example, the event type could be: the candidate cell's cell-level measurement result is higher than the source cell's cell-level measurement result by a first threshold; or, the candidate cell's reference signal level (beam level) measurement result is higher than the source cell's reference signal level (beam level) measurement result by a second threshold; or, the candidate cell's cell-level measurement result is higher than the third threshold, and the source cell's cell-level measurement result is lower than the fourth threshold; or, the candidate cell's reference signal level (beam level) measurement result is higher than the fifth threshold, and the serving cell's reference signal level (beam level) measurement result is lower than the sixth threshold. The threshold value can be a first threshold value, a second threshold value, a third and fourth threshold value, or a fifth and sixth threshold value; or the parameter corresponding to the event can include the duration of the event. For example, if the event type is that the cell-level measurement result of the candidate cell is higher than the cell-level measurement result of the source cell by a first threshold value, the event parameter can include the first threshold value and a first duration, indicating that the event of the cell-level measurement result of the candidate cell being higher than the cell-level measurement result of the source cell lasted for a first duration. Optionally, in a handover scenario triggered by a network device, the handover trigger information can indicate the handover trigger time.

[0138] Optionally, the time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell for each terminal device can indicate the time when each terminal device obtained the measurement report from the source cell. Optionally, the measurement report of the source cell for each terminal device can include: a cell-level measurement report of the source cell, and / or, a reference signal-level measurement report of the source cell. Optionally, the cell-level measurement report of the source cell can include the cell-level reference signal receiving power (RSRP) of the source cell. Optionally, the reference signal-level measurement report of the source cell can include the RSRP of the reference signal-level of the source cell. Optionally, the reference signal can be a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), where PBCH is an abbreviation for physical broadcast channel. Optionally, the measurement report of the source cell for each terminal device can include: a measurement report of the uplink reference signal of each terminal device measured by the network device to which the source cell belongs, for example, the uplink reference signal can be a sounding reference signal (SRS). In other words, the measurement report of the source cell can be a measurement report obtained by the terminal device measuring the downlink reference signal or a measurement report obtained by the network device to which the source cell belongs measuring the uplink reference signal.

[0139] Optionally, the time information corresponding to the measurement report of each terminal device's candidate cell can indicate the time when each terminal device obtained the measurement report from the candidate cell, or it can indicate the time when the network device to which the source cell of each terminal device belongs received the measurement report. Optionally, the measurement report of each terminal device's candidate cell can include: a cell-level measurement report of the candidate cell, and / or, a reference signal-level measurement report of the candidate cell. Optionally, the cell-level measurement report of the candidate cell can include the cell-level RSRP of the candidate cell. Optionally, the reference signal-level measurement report of the candidate cell can include the reference signal-level RSRP of the candidate cell. Optionally, the reference signal can be SSB or CSI-RS.

[0140] The following describes four scenarios for OAM to obtain the source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, as well as the handover trigger information for each terminal device.

[0141] Scenario 1, S310, includes: OAM obtaining from the network device to which the source cell of each terminal device belongs the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information of each terminal device. Optionally, before handover, each terminal device measures the source cell and candidate cell in the source cell. Each terminal device can send the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information, as well as the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information, obtained before handover to the network device to which the source cell belongs. The network device to which the source cell belongs can send this information, along with the handover trigger information of each terminal device, to OAM. For example, terminal device 1 measures and obtains the measurement report and time information of source cell 1 and candidate cell 1. Terminal device 1 sends the measurement report and time information of source cell 1 and candidate cell 1 to the network device to which source cell 1 belongs. The network device to which source cell 1 belongs sends the measurement report and time information of source cell 1, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell 1, and the handover trigger information of terminal device 1 to OAM. Terminal device 2 measures and obtains the measurement report and time information of source cell 2 and candidate cell 2. Terminal device 2 sends the measurement report and time information of source cell 2 and candidate cell 2 to the network device to which source cell 2 belongs. The network device to which source cell 2 belongs sends the measurement report and time information of source cell 2, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell 2, and the handover trigger information of terminal device 2 to OAM.

[0142] Optionally, each terminal device measures the source cell and candidate cell before handover, obtaining a measurement report for the source cell and a measurement report for the candidate cell. Each terminal device can send the measurement report of the source cell and the measurement report of the candidate cell to the network device to which the source cell belongs. The network device to which the source cell belongs can determine the time information for receiving the measurement report of the source cell and the time information for receiving the measurement report of the candidate cell from each terminal device, and send the measurement report of the source cell and the time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell and the time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device to the OAM.

[0143] Scenario 2: OAM obtains the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the source cell for each terminal device, the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the candidate cells for each terminal device, and the handover trigger information for each terminal device from the network device to which the target cell belongs. In other words, before handover, each terminal device measures the source cell and candidate cells in the source cell. Each terminal device can send the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the source cell and the candidate cells obtained before handover to the network device to which the source cell belongs. After each terminal device completes handover, the network device to which the source cell belongs can send this information, along with the handover trigger information for each terminal device, to the network device to which the target cell belongs. The network device to which the target cell belongs can then send this information to OAM. For example, when terminal device 1 hands over from source cell 1 to target cell 1, before the handover, terminal device 1 obtains the measurement report and its time from source cell 1, as well as the measurement report and its time information from candidate cell set 1. Terminal device 1 sends the measurement report and its time information from source cell 1 and the measurement report and its time information from candidate cell set 1 to the network device to which source cell 1 belongs. The network device to which source cell 1 belongs sends the measurement report and its time information from source cell 1, the measurement report and its time information from candidate cell 1, and the handover trigger information from terminal device 1 to the network device to which target cell 1 belongs. The network device to which target cell 1 belongs sends the measurement report and its time information from source cell 1, the measurement report and its time information from candidate cell 1, and the handover trigger information from terminal device 1 to the OAM (Operational Information Management System). Candidate cell set 1 may include target cell 1. Terminal device 2 switches from source cell 2 to target cell 2. Before the switch, terminal device 2 measures and obtains the measurement report and time information of source cell 2 and the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 2. Terminal device 2 sends the measurement report and time information of source cell 2 and the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 2 to the network device to which source cell 2 belongs. The network device to which source cell 2 belongs sends the measurement report and time information of source cell 2, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 2 and the handover trigger information of terminal device 2 to the network device to which target cell 2 belongs. The network device to which target cell 2 belongs sends the measurement report and time information of source cell 2, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell 2 and the handover trigger information of terminal device 2 to OAM. Candidate cell set 2 may include target cell 2.

[0144] Optionally, before handover, each terminal device measures the source cell and candidate cell to obtain measurement reports for the source cell and candidate cells. Each terminal device can send the measurement reports for the source cell, the measurement reports for the candidate cells, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device to the network device to which the source cell belongs. The network device to which the source cell belongs can determine the time information for receiving the measurement reports for the source cell and the time information for receiving the measurement reports for the candidate cells. After each terminal device completes handover, the network device to which the source cell belongs sends this information to the network device to which the target cell belongs. The network device to which the target cell belongs sends the measurement reports and time information for the source cell, the measurement reports and time information for the candidate cells, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device to the OAM.

[0145] Scenario 3: OAM obtains the source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information for each of the multiple terminal devices from the network device to which the target cell belongs, the candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, and the handover trigger information for each terminal device. In other words, before handover, each terminal device measures the source cell and candidate cells in the source cell. Each terminal device can save the source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, the candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information obtained before handover. After each terminal device completes handover and accesses the target cell, it can send the saved source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, the candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information obtained before handover to the network device to which the target cell belongs. The network device to which the target cell belongs can then send this information to OAM. For example, terminal device 1 measures and saves the measurement report and time information of source cell 1 and the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 1. Terminal device 1 also saves its handover trigger information. When terminal device 1 hands over from source cell 1 to target cell 1 in candidate cell set 1, the terminal device can send the saved measurement report and time information of source cell 1, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 1, and the handover trigger information of terminal device 1 to the network device to which target cell 1 belongs. The network device to which target cell 1 belongs can then send the measurement report and time information of source cell 1, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 1, and the handover trigger information of terminal device 1 to O. AM; Terminal device 2 measures and saves the measurement report and time information of source cell 2 and the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 2. Terminal device 2 also saves the handover trigger information of terminal device 2. When terminal device 2 hands over from source cell 2 to target cell 2 in candidate cell set 2, terminal device can send the saved measurement report and time information of source cell 2, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 2 and the handover trigger information of terminal device 2 to the network device to which target cell 2 belongs. The network device to which target cell 2 belongs can send the measurement report and time information of source cell 2, the measurement report and time information of candidate cell set 2 and the handover trigger information of terminal device 2 to OAM.

[0146] Case 4, S310, includes: OAM obtaining the measurement report and corresponding time information of the source cell of each terminal device among multiple terminal devices from the network device to which the target cell of each terminal device belongs, and the measurement report and corresponding time information of the candidate cell of each terminal device; OAM obtaining the handover trigger information of each terminal device from the network device to which the source cell of each terminal device belongs. In other words, OAM can obtain information about the measurement report from the network device to which the target cell of each terminal device belongs, and obtain the handover trigger information from the network device to which the source cell of each terminal device belongs.

[0147] Optionally, the communication method 300 further includes: OAM acquiring the measurement report of the target cell for each terminal device and its corresponding time information. Optionally, OAM acquires the measurement report of the target cell for each terminal device and its corresponding time information through the network device to which the target cell belongs. Optionally, after handover from the source cell to the target cell, each terminal device can report the measurement report of the target cell obtained after the handover to the network device to which the target cell belongs after the handover. In this way, the network device to which the target cell belongs can send the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information to OAM. Optionally, OAM can also acquire the handover time of each terminal device to the target cell from the network device to which the target cell belongs.

[0148] In this embodiment of the application, a candidate cell refers to a cell measured by the terminal device before handover, and a target cell refers to a cell after handover. A cell can be called a candidate cell before handover, and can be the target cell after handover by the terminal device.

[0149] S320, OAM determines the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device.

[0150] Optionally, in handover scenarios triggered by terminal devices, OAM can determine the handover time for each terminal device based on the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the source cell for each terminal device, the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the candidate cells for each terminal device, and the handover trigger information for each terminal device. OAM trains a first model based on the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the source cell for each terminal device, the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the candidate cells for each terminal device, the handover trigger information for each terminal device, the handover time for each terminal device, and the target cell for each terminal device's handover, or the target beam used by each terminal device to switch to the target cell. Alternatively, OAM can obtain the handover time of each terminal device to the target cell from the network device to which the target cell belongs. OAM trains a first model based on the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the source cell for each terminal device, the measurement reports and corresponding time information of the candidate cells for each terminal device, the handover trigger information for each terminal device, and the handover time for each terminal device's handover to the target cell, or the target beam used by each terminal device to switch to the target cell.

[0151] Optionally, in a handover scenario triggered by network devices, the handover trigger information for each terminal device may include the handover time of each terminal device. Therefore, OAM can determine the target cell for each terminal device's handover and / or the target beam used by each terminal device when handing over to the target cell based on the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device. OAM can train a first model based on the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information, the handover trigger information, and the target cell and / or the target beam used by each terminal device when handing over to the target cell.

[0152] Optionally, if OAM obtains the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, then S320 includes: determining a first model based on the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device, and the handover trigger information for each terminal device. When determining the first model, OAM can refer not only to the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device before handover, but also to the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device after handover. In this way, it can determine whether the handover timing is appropriate based on the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information for each terminal device after handover. If the handover timing is inappropriate, OAM can adjust the first model, thereby making the determined first model more accurate. That is to say, during the training process of obtaining the first model, OAM can train based on the data before handover for each terminal device, or it can train based on the data before handover and the data after handover for each terminal device, which can improve the accuracy of determining the first model.

[0153] Optionally, the first model can be an artificial intelligence (AI) model. OAM can perform data preprocessing, feature selection, model selection, validation, and testing based on the S310 data to obtain the first model. Specifically, data preprocessing includes OAM performing data cleaning and outlier detection on the collected S310 data, such as removing outliers to ensure data quality and the effectiveness of model training. Feature selection involves OAM extracting representative features from the preprocessed data. These features may include measurement results of the terminal device in the source cell, measurement results of the terminal device in the target cell, and conditions for terminal device handover. Model selection involves OAM selecting a suitable machine learning or deep learning model, such as support vector machines, decision trees, or neural networks, and designing the model according to the nature of the problem (e.g., prediction, classification, or regression). Then, the model is trained using the feature-selected data, and the model parameters are adjusted to accurately predict the handover time of the terminal device. Validation and testing involve OAM evaluating the trained AI model using a validation set and a test set. Evaluation metrics can include parameters such as prediction accuracy. If the verification and testing results meet expectations, the trained AI model can be deployed on network devices that use the AI ​​model for inference. For example, OAM can send a fourth instruction message to instruct the AI ​​model, thereby deploying the AI ​​model on the first network device (the network device to which the source cell belongs) or on the second network device (the network device to which the target cell belongs).

[0154] Optionally, the number of terminal devices can be greater than the threshold. In this way, OAM can train the first model based on data from a larger number of terminal devices, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined first model.

[0155] In the above method, OAM can determine the first model based on the measurement report of the source cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of the candidate cell of each terminal device and its corresponding time information, and the handover trigger information of each terminal device. The first model can be an AI model. In this way, the first network device or the second network device can predict the handover time of the terminal device based on the first model. In the scenario of non-random access, the second network device can allocate resources to the terminal device based on the prediction results, which is beneficial for the terminal device to access the second network device and avoids the situation where the second network device needs to allocate too many resources to the terminal device, resulting in resource waste.

[0156] The following describes an embodiment of reasoning using the first model in conjunction with communication method 400 and communication method 500. As shown in Figure 4, a communication method 400 provided in this embodiment is illustrated. Communication method 400 can be executed by a first network device or a chip in the first network device, and by a second network device or a chip in the second network device. For simplicity, the following description uses execution by the first network device and the second network device as examples. Communication method 400 includes:

[0157] S410, the first network device obtains the first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report.

[0158] Optionally, the first measurement report may include a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell. Optionally, the measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device may include a cell-level measurement report of the source cell, and the measurement report of at least one candidate cell may include a cell-level measurement report of at least one candidate cell. Optionally, the measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device may include a reference signal level (beam level) measurement report of the source cell, and the measurement report of the candidate cell of the terminal device may include a reference signal level (beam level) measurement report of the candidate cell. Wherein, the first network device is the network device to which the source cell of the terminal device belongs.

[0159] Optionally, the first measurement report may include a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and measurement reports of at least one candidate cell. The time information corresponding to the first measurement report may include the time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and the time information corresponding to the measurement report of at least one candidate cell. For example, if the source cell of the terminal device is cell 1 and the candidate cells are cell 2 and cell 3, then the first network device needs to obtain the measurement report of cell 1 and its corresponding time information, the measurement report of cell 2 and its corresponding time information, and the measurement report of cell 3 and its corresponding time information. The time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell may indicate the time when the terminal device obtains the measurement report of the source cell, or it may indicate the time when the first network device receives the measurement report of the source cell; the time information corresponding to the measurement report of at least one candidate cell may indicate the time when the terminal device obtains the measurement report of at least one candidate cell, or it may indicate the time when the first network device receives the measurement report of at least one candidate cell.

[0160] Optionally, S410 includes: the terminal device can send a first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report to the first network device, and the first network device can receive the first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report from the terminal device.

[0161] S420, the first network device can input a first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report, and the handover trigger information of the terminal device into a first model to determine at least one of the following: the first target cell to which the terminal device will hand over, the time at which the terminal device will hand over to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when handing over to the first target cell. Wherein, at least one candidate cell includes the first target cell.

[0162] Among them, the handover trigger information of the terminal device is used to indicate the conditions that the terminal device must meet to switch to the network device it belongs to.

[0163] Optionally, the first model is used to predict the target cell, handover time, or target beam, etc. That is, the input of the first model can be the handover trigger information, measurement report, and time information of a terminal device, and the output of the first model can be at least one of the target cell, handover time, or target beam.

[0164] Optionally, the first network device can configure the handover trigger information of the terminal device. In this way, the terminal device can determine when to perform a handover based on the handover trigger information. Therefore, the first network device can obtain the handover trigger information configured for the terminal device.

[0165] Optionally, S420 includes: the first network device inputs the first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report and the handover trigger information of the terminal device into the first model, performs model inference, determines in at least one candidate cell that the terminal device may hand over to the first target cell, and may also infer the time when the terminal device may hand over to the first target cell, and may also infer the target beam that the terminal device may use when handing over to the first target cell.

[0166] Optionally, before S420, the first network device can determine whether to execute S420 based on the first measurement report. If the first network device determines from the first measurement report that the signal quality of the terminal device's source cell is good, then S420 need not be executed. If the first network device determines from the first measurement report that the signal quality of the terminal device's source cell is poor, and at least one of the candidate cells has a better signal quality than the source cell, then S420 can be executed. In other words, the first network device can judge the signal quality of the terminal device's source cell. Only when the signal quality of the source cell is poor will the first network device predict, based on the first model, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. When the signal quality of the terminal device's source cell is good, the first network device determines that the terminal device has no need for handover, and therefore no prediction is required.

[0167] Optionally, prior to S420, the first network device may receive fourth indication information for indicating the first model from the model management device, for example, the model management device may be OAM in communication method 300.

[0168] S430, the first network device sends a first indication information to the second network device to which the first target cell belongs, and the second network device receives the first indication information from the first network device. The first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device is about to switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell.

[0169] Optionally, the first indication information can be used to instruct the terminal device to switch to the target beam to be used in the first target cell by using an indication reference signal, or by using an indication transmission configuration indicator state (TCI state).

[0170] S440, the second network device dynamically schedules the terminal device in the first target cell according to the first instruction information and / or attempts to receive uplink messages sent by the terminal device in the first target cell on pre-configured resources.

[0171] Optionally, S440 includes: the second network device transmitting dynamic scheduling data using the target beam of the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, based on the time the terminal device switches to the first target cell. In other words, after receiving the first indication information, the second network device can dynamically schedule the terminal device according to the first indication information, so that the terminal device can access the second network device without random access via DG. That is, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, it may send dynamic scheduling data in multiple cells. In this embodiment, the first indication information can indicate that the terminal device will access the first target cell. Therefore, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling data in the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, avoiding the resource waste caused by sending dynamic scheduling data in multiple cells. Alternatively, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know when the terminal device may access, it may blindly and frequently send dynamic scheduling data, waiting for the terminal device to access. In this embodiment, the second network device receives... Upon receiving the first indication information, dynamic scheduling can be sent according to the time indicated by the first indication information. The terminal device is highly likely to access the second network device at that time. Therefore, the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling can be avoided. Alternatively, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know which beam the terminal device uses to access the cell, the second network device may use multiple beams to send dynamic scheduling. In this embodiment, the first indication information can indicate the target beam that the terminal device will use to access the first target cell. Then, the second network device can use the target beam to send dynamic scheduling, avoiding the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device using multiple beams to send dynamic scheduling. In other words, in the prior art, the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, when it will access the cell, or the beam it will use to access the cell. Therefore, the second network device can blindly send dynamic scheduling frequently in multiple cells using multiple beams, which will lead to resource waste. In this embodiment, the second network device can refrain from dynamic scheduling before receiving the first indication information. After receiving the first indication information, the second network device sends dynamic scheduling to the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, based on the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, using the target beam that the terminal device will switch to the first target cell indicated by the first indication information. This avoids the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling.

[0172] Optionally, S440 includes: the second network device, based on the time the terminal device switches to the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, attempts to receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources using the target beam of the terminal device switching to the first target cell. In other words, after receiving the first indication information, the second network device can attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device according to the first indication information, so that the terminal device can access the second network device without random access via CG. That is, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, the second network device may attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in multiple cells. In this embodiment, the first indication information can indicate that the terminal device will access the first target cell. Therefore, the second network device can attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, avoiding the resource waste caused by the second network device attempting to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in multiple cells. Alternatively, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know when the terminal device may access, the second network device may reserve resources for the terminal device for a long time, waiting for the terminal device to access. In this embodiment, after receiving the first indication information, the second network device can attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device according to the first indication information. The indicated time begins to reserve resources for the terminal device. The terminal device is highly likely to connect to the second network device at that time. Therefore, this avoids the second network device reserving resources for the terminal device for an extended period, preventing other terminal devices from using the reserved resources and thus wasting resources. Alternatively, in existing technologies, since the second network device does not know which beam the terminal device uses to access the cell, it may use multiple beams to attempt to receive uplink messages sent by the terminal device. In this embodiment, the first indication information can instruct the terminal device to use the target beam to access the first target cell. The second network device can then use this target beam to attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device, avoiding the problem of the second network device using multiple beams to attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device and thus wasting resources.In other words, in the prior art, the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, when it will access the cell, or the beam it will use to access the cell. Therefore, the second network device may blindly try to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in multiple cells using multiple beams, which will lead to resource waste. In this embodiment, the second network device may not receive uplink messages from the terminal device before receiving the first indication information. After receiving the first indication information, the second network device will attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, according to the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, using the target beam of the first target cell indicated by the first indication information to switch to the first target cell. This avoids the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device blindly trying to receive uplink messages from the terminal device.

[0173] In some scenarios, the terminal device may access the first target cell based on the dynamic scheduling sent by the second network device, or it may access the first target cell by sending an uplink message. In this case, after S430, the communication method further includes: the second network device may send second indication information to the first network device, and the first network device may receive the second indication information from the second network device. The second indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam used by the terminal device to switch to the second target cell, and the second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. At this point, the first target cell and the second target cell are the same. That is, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources in the first target cell based on the first indication information. The terminal device can access the first target cell based on the dynamic scheduling and / or uplink messages. After the terminal device accesses the first target cell, the second network device can instruct the first network device to switch the terminal device to the first target cell using the second indication information. This includes at least one of the following: the time of switching to the first target cell, the target beam used for switching to the first target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. Thus, the first network device can update the first model based on the second indication information. The second network device can dynamically schedule and / or attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device based on the first indication information predicted by the first network device. Once the terminal device actually connects to the second network device, the second network device can send second indication information to the first network device, indicating that the terminal device has actually connected to the first target cell, the time of connection, the target beam used for connection, and a second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. This allows the first network device to update the first model based on the terminal device's actual connection to the first target cell, the time of connection, the target beam used for connection, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The second measurement report can be a measurement report from the terminal device measuring the first target cell and sending it to the second network device, or it can be a measurement report obtained by the second network device performing uplink measurements in the first target cell. This embodiment does not limit the scope of the application.Wherein, the time at which the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, as indicated by the first indication information, is the time predicted by the first network device; the time at which the terminal device switches to the first target cell, as indicated by the second indication information, is the actual time at which the terminal device switches to the second network device; the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell, as indicated by the first indication information, is the beam predicted by the first network device; the beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell, as indicated by the second indication information, is the beam used by the terminal device during the actual switch to the second network device; wherein, the time at which the terminal device switches to the first target cell, as predicted by the first network device, and the actual time at which the terminal device switches to the first target cell, may be the same as or different from the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell, as predicted by the first network device, and the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell, may be the same as or different from the target beam used by the terminal device during the actual switch to the first target cell.

[0174] In other scenarios, the terminal device does not access the first target cell, but instead accesses a second target cell managed by the second network device. In this case, the first target cell and the second target cell are different. Following S430, the communication method further includes: the second network device can send second indication information to the first network device, and the first network device can receive the second indication information from the second network device. The second indication information indicates at least one of the following: the terminal device switching to the second target cell, the time the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the second target cell, and a second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The content indicated by the second indication information can be collectively referred to as the terminal device's handover information. In other words, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources based on the first indication information. However, the terminal device does not access the first target cell but instead accesses the second target cell managed by the second network device. After the terminal device accesses the second target cell, the second network device can instruct the first network device to switch the terminal device to the second target cell via the second indication information. This includes at least one of the following: the time of switching to the second target cell, the target beam used for switching to the second target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. Thus, the first network device can update the first model based on the second indication information. That is, the second network device can update the first model based on the first network device's... The network device dynamically schedules and / or attempts to receive uplink messages from the terminal device based on the predicted first indication information. However, if the terminal device does not access the first target cell as predicted, but instead accesses the second target cell, the second network device can send the actual access of the terminal device to the second target cell, the time of access, the target beam used for access, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report to the first network device via the second indication information. This allows the first network device to update the first model based on at least one of the following: the actual access to the second target cell, the time of access, the target beam used for access, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The second measurement report can be a measurement report from the terminal device measuring the second target cell and sending it to the second network device, or it can be a measurement report obtained by the second network device performing uplink measurements on the second target cell. This embodiment of the application does not impose any limitations on this.Wherein, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell as indicated by the first indication information is the time predicted by the first network device, and the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell as indicated by the second indication information is the actual time when the terminal device switches to the second network device; the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell as indicated by the first indication information is the beam predicted by the first network device, and the beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the second target cell as indicated by the second indication information is the beam used by the terminal device during the actual process of switching to the second network device.

[0175] Optionally, before the second network device sends the second indication information to the first network device, and the first network device receives the second indication information from the second network device, the communication method 400 further includes: the first network device may request the second indication information from the second network device, and the second network device sends the second indication information to the first network device, including: the second network device may send the second indication information to the first network device based on the request of the first network device. For example, the first network device may send third indication information to the second network device, the second network device may receive the third indication information from the first network device, the third indication information is used to instruct the second network device to provide feedback on the second indication information to the first network device, the second network device may send the second indication information to the first network device based on the third indication information, and the first network device may receive the second indication information sent based on the third indication information from the second network device. Optionally, the first network device may send third indication information to the second network device, including: the first network device sending a second message to the second network device, and the second network device receiving the second message from the first network device. The second message includes the third indication information, wherein the second message is used to request the configuration information of candidate cells managed by the second network device. That is, the first network device may request the second network device to provide feedback on the second indication information during the process of providing configuration information of candidate cells managed by the second network device. In some cases, the second network device is unaware that the first network device uses the first model to infer and determine the handover information of the terminal device. Therefore, the first network device needs to instruct the second network device to cooperate with the first network device in inferring the handover information of the terminal device through the third indication information. In this way, the second network device can configure the first network device to use the "handover prediction technology based on the first model". Therefore, the second network device can provide feedback on the second indication information to the first network device based on the third indication information. The second indication information may represent the actual handover information of the terminal device, so that the first network device can update the first model according to the second indication information.

[0176] Optionally, before the first network device sends the third indication information to the second network device, the first network device may send association information to the second network device. This association information is used to associate the identification information with the feedback second indication information. The third indication information may be the identification information. When the second network device receives the third indication information as identification information, it determines that the identification information is related to the feedback second indication information based on the identification information and the association information. Therefore, the second network device needs to provide feedback on the second indication information. In other words, the identification information is used to identify the event of providing feedback on the second indication information. When the second network device receives the identification information, it can know that it needs to provide feedback on the second indication information indicating the handover information of the terminal device. For example, the identification information may be a data collection ID. Optionally, the first network device may send association information to the second network device, including: the first network device may send a request message to the second network device, for example, the request message may be a data collection request message, which may include the association information. Optionally, the first network device sends a second message to the second network device, and the second network device receives the second message from the first network device. The second message includes identification information. The second message is used to request configuration information of candidate cells managed by the second network device. That is, the first network device can request the second network device to provide feedback on second indication information during the process of providing configuration information to candidate cells managed by the second network device. In some cases, the second network device is unaware that the first network device uses the first model to infer and determine the handover information of the terminal device. Therefore, the first network device needs to use an identification to instruct the second network device to cooperate in inferring the handover information of the terminal device. In this way, the second network device can cooperate with the first network device's "handover prediction technology based on the first model." Therefore, the second network device can provide feedback on second indication information to the first network device based on the event corresponding to the identification information. The second indication information can represent the actual handover information of the terminal device, so that the first network device can update the first model according to the second indication information.

[0177] Optionally, the first network device can send third indication information to the second network device in S430. That is, the first network device can send both first and third indication information to the second network device, so that the second network device can dynamically schedule and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device based on the first indication information and in pre-configured resources. After determining that the terminal device needs to return second indication information based on the third indication information, the second network device can send a first message to the second network device, and the second network device can receive the first message from the first network device. The first message includes first and third indication information; for example, the first field in the first message is used to carry the third indication information.

[0178] In the aforementioned communication method 400, the first network device can use a first model to predict when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. After this prediction, the first network device can send first indication information to the second network device. The first indication information can indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. The second network device can send dynamic scheduling based on the first indication information, and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources based on the first indication information. This avoids the problem of the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling, which leads to resource waste, or avoids the problem of the second network device reserving pre-configured resources for the terminal device for a long time, which leads to resource waste. Furthermore, after the terminal device switches to the second target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can indicate the terminal device's switching information to the first network device through the second indication information. The first network device can update the first model based on the second indication information, thus ensuring the robustness of the first model.

[0179] In the above communication method 400, the first network device predicts the handover of the terminal device. In some cases, the second network device can also predict the handover of the terminal device. The following description is in conjunction with communication method 500, as shown in Figure 5. Communication method 500 includes:

[0180] S510, the first network device sends a first measurement report and corresponding time information to the second network device, and the second network device receives the first measurement report and corresponding time information from the first network device. The first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell.

[0181] Optionally, the first network device may send a first measurement report and corresponding time information to one or more second network devices belonging to one or more neighboring cells. At least one candidate cell may be a candidate cell managed by one or more second network devices, as measured by the terminal device. That is, the terminal device may measure the source cell, obtain a measurement report of the source cell and corresponding time information, and may also measure at least one candidate cell, obtain a measurement report of at least one candidate cell and corresponding time information. The terminal device then sends the measurement report of the source cell and corresponding time information, as well as the measurement report of at least one candidate cell and corresponding time information, to the first network device belonging to the source cell. The first network device may send the measurement report of the source cell and corresponding time information, as well as the measurement report of at least one candidate cell and corresponding time information, to each of the one or more second network devices managing at least one candidate cell. For ease of description, this embodiment only uses one second network device as an example; that is, at least one candidate cell in S510 may be a candidate cell measured by the terminal device. For example, a terminal device obtains measurement reports and corresponding time information for source cell 1, candidate cell 1, and candidate cell 2. The terminal device then sends these reports to network device 1 (source cell 1), network device 2 (candidate cell 1), and network device 3 (candidate cell 3). Network device 1 can send these reports to network device 2. Alternatively, network device 1 can send these reports to network device 3. Optionally, the terminal device can measure the source cell and obtain a measurement report for the source cell. The terminal device can also measure at least one candidate cell and obtain a measurement report for at least one candidate cell. It then sends the measurement report of the source cell and the measurement report of the at least one candidate cell to the first network device to which the source cell belongs. The first network device can determine the time information for receiving the measurement report of the source cell and the time information for receiving the measurement report of the at least one candidate cell. The first network device can send the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information, as well as the measurement report of the at least one candidate cell and its corresponding time information, to each of one or more second network devices managing the at least one candidate cell.

[0182] Optionally, the first network device can send measurement reports and corresponding time information of candidate cells managed by each network device, as well as the time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell, to one or more network devices belonging to one or more neighboring cells. At least one candidate cell can be a candidate cell managed by a second network device, as measured by the terminal device. That is, the terminal device can measure the source cell, obtain the measurement report and corresponding time information of the source cell, and the terminal device can also measure the candidate cell, obtain the measurement report and corresponding time information of the candidate cell, and send the measurement report and corresponding time information of the source cell, as well as the measurement report and corresponding time information of the candidate cell, to the first network device to which the source cell belongs. The first network device can send the measurement report and corresponding time information of the source cell, as well as the measurement report and corresponding time information of the candidate cell managed by each network device, to the network device to which each candidate cell belongs; that is, at least one candidate cell in S510 can be a candidate cell managed by the second network device. For example, a terminal device measures and obtains a measurement report and corresponding time information for source cell 1, candidate cell 1, and candidate cell 2. The terminal device then sends these reports to network device 1 (to which source cell 1 belongs), network device 2 (to which candidate cell 1 belongs), and network device 3 (to which candidate cell 3 belongs). Network device 1 can send the source cell's measurement report and corresponding time information, as well as those of candidate cell 1, to network device 2. Alternatively, network device 1 can also send these reports to network device 3. Optionally, the terminal device can measure the source cell and obtain its measurement report, and it can also measure at least one candidate cell and obtain its own measurement report. The terminal device then sends both the source cell's measurement report and the at least one candidate cell's measurement report to the first network device to which the source cell belongs. The first network device can determine the time information for receiving the source cell's measurement report and the time information for receiving the at least one candidate cell's measurement report. The first network device can send a measurement report of the source cell and the corresponding time information, as well as a measurement report of the candidate cell managed by each of one or more second network devices that manage at least one candidate cell, to each second network device.

[0183] Optionally, prior to S510, the communication method 500 further includes: the second network device sending a first message to the first network device, and the first network device receiving the first message from the second network device. The first message is used to request a measurement report and time information. S510 includes: the first network device sending a first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device based on the first message. That is, the second network device can request the first network device to send the first measurement report and the corresponding time information based on the first message. For example, the first network device can send a request message to the second network device to request the configuration information of the candidate cell. The second network device sends a response message to the first network device in response to the request message. The first message can be a response message to the request message. The response message to the request message can include a second field. The bits carried by the second field are used to instruct the first network device to send back the measurement report and the corresponding time information of the measurement report to the second network device. In this case, the first message can be a response message to the request message.

[0184] Optionally, the first message includes first condition information, which indicates a first condition. S510 includes: after satisfying the first condition indicated by the first condition information, the first network device sends a first measurement report and corresponding time information to the second network device. The second network device can receive the first measurement report and corresponding time information sent by the first network device after satisfying the first condition indicated by the first condition information from the first network device. This avoids the first network device blindly sending the first measurement report and corresponding time information, thus avoiding wasted signaling. Optionally, the source cell's measurement report includes the RSRP of the source cell's reference signal. The first condition indicated by the first condition information is that the RSRP of the source cell's reference signal is less than a first threshold. That is, when the first network device determines that the RSRP of the source cell's reference signal is less than the first threshold, it indicates that the signal quality of the source cell is poor, and the terminal device needs to hand over. Therefore, it can send the first measurement report and corresponding time information to the second network device. Optionally, the measurement report of at least one candidate cell includes the RSRP of the reference signal of at least one candidate cell. The first condition indicated by the first condition information is that at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of reference signal greater than a second threshold. That is, the first network device determines that there is a candidate cell with good signal quality, and therefore, the terminal device may need to hand over. Therefore, the first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report can be sent to the second network device to which the candidate cell with good signal quality belongs. Optionally, the measurement report of the source cell includes the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell, and the measurement report of at least one candidate cell includes the RSRP of the reference signal of at least one candidate cell. The first condition indicated by the first condition information is that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than a first threshold, and at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of reference signal greater than a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is equal to the first threshold. That is, when the first network device determines that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than the first threshold, and the signal quality of a candidate cell is good, it indicates that the terminal device may need to hand over. Therefore, the first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report can be sent to the second network device to which the candidate cell with good signal quality belongs. Optionally, the first threshold and / or the second threshold may be specified by the protocol, or may be configured by the second network device to the first network device. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0185] Optionally, the first message may further include periodic information, which indicates the transmission period for the first network device to send the measurement report. Optionally, S510 includes: the first network device sending a first measurement report and corresponding time information according to the transmission period indicated by the periodic information included in the first message; and the second network device receiving the first measurement report and corresponding time information sent by the first network device according to the transmission period indicated by the periodic information from the first network device. The first measurement report and corresponding time information may be sent by the first network device within one period.

[0186] S520, the first network device sends the handover trigger information of the terminal device to the second network device, and the second network device receives the handover trigger information of the terminal device from the first network device.

[0187] The handover trigger information indicates the triggering conditions that the terminal device must meet to switch to the network device it belongs to. Optionally, in a handover scenario triggered by the terminal device, the handover trigger information can be configured by the first network device to which the source cell of the terminal device belongs to the terminal device. The triggering condition information of the terminal device can include the event that triggers the handover and the parameters corresponding to the event. Optionally, the parameters corresponding to the event can include the parameters corresponding to the handover conditions and / or the duration for which the handover conditions are met. For example, the event type can be: the cell-level measurement result of the candidate cell is higher than the cell-level measurement result of the source cell by a first threshold value; or, the reference signal level (beam level) measurement result of the candidate cell is higher than the reference signal level (beam level) measurement result of the source cell by a second threshold value; or, the cell-level measurement result of the candidate cell is higher than the third threshold value and the cell-level measurement result of the source cell is lower than the fourth threshold value; or, the reference signal level (beam level) measurement result of the candidate cell is higher than the fifth threshold value and the reference signal level (beam level) measurement result of the serving cell is lower than the sixth threshold value. The threshold value can be a first threshold value, a second threshold value, a third and a fourth threshold value, or a fifth and a sixth threshold value. Alternatively, the parameters of the event can include the duration of the event. For example, if the type of the event is that the cell-level measurement result of the candidate cell is higher than the cell-level measurement result of the source cell by a first threshold value, the parameters of the event can include the first threshold value and a first duration, indicating that the event that the cell-level measurement result of the candidate cell is higher than the cell-level measurement result of the source cell lasted for a first duration.

[0188] Optionally, prior to S520, the communication method further includes: the second network device sending a second message to the first network device, and the first network device receiving the second message from the second network device. The second message is used to request handover trigger information for the terminal device. S520 includes: the first network device sending handover trigger information for the terminal device to the second network device according to the second message, and the second network device receiving the handover trigger information for the terminal device sent by the first network device according to the second message from the first network device. For example, the first network device may send a request message to the second network device to request configuration information for candidate cells. The second network device then sends a response message to the first network device for the request message. The response message to the request message can be the second message, and it may include a third field. The bits carried in the third field are used to instruct the first network device to provide feedback on the handover trigger information for the terminal device to the second network device. In this case, the second message can be the response message to the request message.

[0189] Optionally, the first message and the second message can be different messages. Alternatively, the first message and the second message can be the same message. For example, the first network device can send a request message to the second network device to request configuration information for candidate cells. The second network device then sends a response message to the first network device. The response message can include a fourth field, where the bits in the fourth field are used to instruct the first network device to send a measurement report and the corresponding time information to the second network device, as well as to send handover trigger information for the terminal device. In this case, the response message can be either the first message or the second message. Alternatively, the response message can include a fifth field and a sixth field, where the bits in the fifth field are used to instruct the first network device to send a measurement report and the corresponding time information to the second network device, and the bits in the sixth field are used to instruct the first network device to send handover trigger information for the terminal device. In this case, the response message can be either the first message or the second message.

[0190] S530, the second network device inputs the first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report and the handover trigger information into the first model, and determines at least one of the following: the terminal device is about to hand over to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will hand over to the first target cell or the target beam that the terminal device will use when handing over to the first target cell.

[0191] S540, the second network device in the first target cell dynamically schedules the target beam to be used by the terminal device when it switches to the first target cell based on the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell, and / or attempts to receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources in the first target cell based on the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell using the target beam to be used by the terminal device when it switches to the first target cell.

[0192] Optionally, S540 includes: the second network device dynamically schedules the terminal device in the first target cell by using the target beam of the terminal device when it switches to the first target cell. In other words, after S530, the second network device can dynamically schedule the terminal device so that the terminal device can access the second network device without random access via DG. In other words, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, it may send dynamic scheduling in multiple cells. In this embodiment, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling in the first target cell, avoiding the resource waste caused by sending dynamic scheduling in multiple cells. Alternatively, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know when the terminal device may access the cell, it may blindly and frequently send dynamic scheduling, waiting for the terminal device to access the cell. In this embodiment, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling according to the time indicated by the first indication information. The terminal device is likely to access the second network device at that time, thus avoiding the resource waste caused by the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling. Alternatively, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know which beam the terminal device uses to access the cell, it may use multiple beams to send dynamic scheduling. In this embodiment, the second network device can use the target beam to send dynamic scheduling, avoiding the resource waste caused by using multiple beams to send dynamic scheduling. In other words, in the prior art, the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, when it will access the cell, or the beam it will use to access the cell. Therefore, the second network device can blindly send dynamic scheduling frequently in multiple cells using multiple beams, which will lead to resource waste. In this embodiment, the second network device can refrain from dynamic scheduling before S530. After S530, the second network device sends dynamic scheduling in the first target cell using the target beam of the first target cell based on the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell, thereby avoiding the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling.

[0193] Optionally, S540 includes: the second network device in the first target cell, based on the time the terminal device switches to the first target cell, using the target beam of the terminal device switching to the first target cell, attempts to receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources. In other words, the second network device can attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device according to the first indication information, so that the terminal device can access the second network device without random access via CG. That is, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, the second network device may attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in multiple cells. In this embodiment, the second network device can attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in the first target cell, avoiding the resource waste caused by the second network device attempting to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in multiple cells; or, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know when the terminal device may access, the second network device may reserve resources for the terminal device for a long time, waiting for the terminal device to access. In this embodiment, the second network device can start receiving uplink messages from the terminal device according to the time indicated by the first indication information. The terminal device reserves resources, and it is highly likely that the terminal device will connect to the second network device at this time. Therefore, this avoids the problem of the second network device reserving resources for the terminal device for a long time, causing other terminal devices to be unable to use the resources reserved for the terminal device, resulting in resource waste. Alternatively, in the prior art, since the second network device does not know which beam the terminal device uses to access the cell, the second network device may use multiple beams to try to receive the uplink messages sent by the terminal device. In this embodiment, the second network device can use the target beam to try to receive the uplink messages of the terminal device, avoiding the problem of the second network device using multiple beams to try to receive the uplink messages of the terminal device, resulting in resource waste. In other words, in the prior art, the second network device does not know which cell the terminal device will access, when it will access the cell, or the beam it will use to access the cell. Therefore, the second network device may blindly try to receive uplink messages from the terminal device in multiple cells using multiple beams, which will lead to resource waste. In this embodiment, the second network device may not receive uplink messages from the terminal device before S530. After S530, the second network device, in the first target cell, according to the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, uses the target beam of the first target cell to try to receive uplink messages from the terminal device, thereby avoiding the problem of resource waste caused by the second network device blindly trying to receive uplink messages from the terminal device.

[0194] Optionally, after S540, the communication method further includes: when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the second network device can obtain the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam used by the terminal device to switch to the second target cell, and the second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. Optionally, the first target cell and the second target cell are the same. That is, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources in the first target cell according to the prediction of S530. The terminal device can access the first target cell according to the dynamic scheduling and / or uplink messages. After the terminal device accesses the first target cell, the second network device can obtain at least one of the following: the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell, the target beam used when switching to the first target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. In this way, the second network device can update the first model according to at least one of the following: the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell, the target beam used when switching to the first target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. That is, the second network device can perform dynamic scheduling and / or attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device according to the prediction of S530. After the terminal device actually accesses the second network device, the second network device updates the first model according to the time when it accesses the first target cell, the target beam used when accessing the first target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The second measurement report can be a measurement report of the terminal device measuring the first target cell and sending it to the second network device, or it can be a measurement report obtained by the second network device performing uplink measurements in the first target cell. This embodiment of the application does not limit this. The time at which the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, determined in S530, is the time predicted by the second network device. The time at which the terminal device switches to the first target cell, used to update the first model, is the actual time at which the terminal device switches to the second network device. The target beam used by the terminal device to switch to the first target cell, determined in S530, is the beam predicted by the second network device. The beam used by the terminal device to switch to the first target cell, used to update the first model, is the beam actually used by the terminal device during the actual switch to the second network device. The time at which the terminal device switches to the first target cell, predicted by the second network device, and the actual time at which the terminal device switches to the first target cell can be the same as or different from the actual time at which the terminal device switches to the first target cell. Similarly, the target beam predicted by the second network device to be used by the terminal device to switch to the first target cell can be the same as or different from the actual target beam used by the terminal device during the actual switch to the first target cell.

[0195] Optionally, after S540, the communication method further includes: when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the second network device can obtain the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam used by the terminal device to switch to the second target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report of the second target cell. Optionally, the first target cell and the second target cell are different. That is, the second network device can send dynamic scheduling and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources according to the prediction of S530, but the terminal device does not access the first target cell, but accesses the second target cell managed by the second network device. When the terminal device accesses the second target cell, the second network device can obtain at least one of the following: the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam used to switch to the second target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. In this way, the second network device can obtain information based on the terminal device switching to the second target cell, the time when switching to the second target cell, the target beam used to switch to the second target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The first model is updated based on at least one of the time information from the measurement report or the second measurement report. That is, the second network device can dynamically schedule and / or attempt to receive uplink messages from the terminal device based on the prediction in S530. However, if the terminal device does not access the first target cell as predicted, but instead accesses the second target cell, the second network device can obtain the actual access time of the terminal device to the second target cell, the target beam used for accessing the second target cell, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The second network device can update the first model based on at least one of these information. The second measurement report can be a measurement report from the terminal device measuring the second target cell and sending it to the second network device, or it can be a measurement report obtained by the second network device performing uplink measurements on the second target cell. This embodiment of the application does not limit this. In S530, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell is the time predicted by the second network device, and the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell to update the first model is the actual time when the terminal device switches to the second network device; in S530, the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell is the beam predicted by the first network device, and the beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the second target cell to update the first model is the beam used by the terminal device during the actual process of switching to the second network device.

[0196] In the aforementioned communication method 500, the second network device can use the first model to predict when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. The second network device can then send dynamic scheduling data using the target beam in the first target cell based on the time the terminal device will switch, and / or receive uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources using the target beam in the first target cell based on the time the terminal device will switch. This avoids the problem of the second network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling data, which leads to resource waste, or the problem of the second network device reserving pre-configured resources for the terminal device for an extended period, which also leads to resource waste. Furthermore, after the terminal device switches to the second target cell managed by the second network device, the second network device can update the first model based on the terminal device's switching information, thus ensuring the robustness of the first model.

[0197] To better illustrate the above embodiments, specific embodiments corresponding to the method shown in Figure 3 are described below. Figure 6 shows a method 600 for training a model. In Figure 6, the terminal device is the UE, the first network device is the source network device, and the second network device is the target network device (or candidate network device), including:

[0198] S601, the UE switches to the target network device to which the target cell belongs.

[0199] S602a, the source network device can send the data before the UE handover to the OAM, and the OAM can receive the data before the UE handover from the source network device.

[0200] Optionally, the data before UE handover may include: UE handover trigger information, the UE's source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, and the UE's candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information. For UE-triggered handover scenarios, the UE handover trigger information may indicate the triggering conditions met by the UE when handing over to the target network device of the target cell in S601. The UE handover trigger information may be configured by the source network device for the UE. For source network device-triggered handover scenarios, the UE handover trigger information may indicate the handover trigger time. Specifically, the descriptions of the handover trigger information, the source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, and the candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information can be found in Figure 3.

[0201] Before handing over to the target cell, the UE can report the measurement report of its source cell and its corresponding time information, as well as the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information, to the source network device. The source network device can send the UE's source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, the candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, and the UE's handover trigger information as pre-handover data to the OAM. Optionally, if the UE reports its source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, as well as the candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, to the source network device multiple times, the source network device can send the source cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, as well as the candidate cell measurement report and its corresponding time information, to the OAM multiple times.

[0202] S603a, the target network device can send the data after the UE handover to the OAM, and the OAM can receive the data after the UE handover from the target network device.

[0203] Optionally, the data after UE handover includes the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information. Optionally, after handover to the target cell, the UE can report the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information to the target network device to which the target cell belongs. Optionally, if the UE reports the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information to the target network device multiple times, the target network device can send the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information to the OAM multiple times. Optionally, the data after UE handover may also include the time when the UE handover to the target cell.

[0204] S602a and S603a can be one of the methods for obtaining switching data.

[0205] S602b: The source network device sends the data before the UE handover to the target network device, and the target network device receives the data before the UE handover from the source network device.

[0206] Optionally, the data before UE handover may include: UE handover trigger information, the measurement report of the UE's source cell and its corresponding time information, and the measurement report of the UE's candidate cell and its corresponding time information. For UE-triggered handover scenarios, the UE handover trigger information may indicate the triggering conditions met by the UE when handing over to the target network device of the target cell in S601. The UE handover trigger information may be configured by the source network device for the UE. For handover scenarios triggered by the source network device, the UE handover trigger information may indicate the handover trigger time. Specifically, the handover trigger information, the measurement report of the source cell and its corresponding time information, and the measurement report of the candidate cell and its corresponding time information can be described by the method in Figure 3.

[0207] Before handing over to the target cell, the UE can report its source cell measurement report and corresponding time information, as well as the candidate cell measurement report and corresponding time information, to the source network device. The source network device can then send the UE's source cell measurement report and corresponding time information, the candidate cell measurement report and corresponding time information, and the UE's handover trigger information as pre-handover data to the target network device. Optionally, if the UE reports its source cell measurement report and corresponding time information, as well as the candidate cell measurement report and corresponding time information, to the source network device multiple times, the source network device can send these reports to the target network device multiple times.

[0208] S603b, the target network device sends the data before and after the UE handover to the OAM, and the OAM receives the data before and after the UE handover from the target network device.

[0209] Optionally, the data after UE handover includes the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information. Optionally, after handover to the target cell, the UE can report the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information to the target network device to which the target cell belongs. Optionally, if the UE reports the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information to the target network device multiple times, the target network device can send the measurement report of the target cell and its corresponding time information to the OAM multiple times. Optionally, the data after UE handover may also include the time when the UE handover to the target cell.

[0210] S602b and S603b can be two methods for obtaining switching data.

[0211] S602c, the UE sends the data before the UE handover and the data after the UE handover to the target network device of the target cell, and the target network device receives the data before the UE handover and the data after the UE handover from the UE.

[0212] Optionally, the UE can save data from before the handover. This data may include measurement reports from the source cell, measurement reports from candidate cells, and handover trigger information for the UE. The handover trigger information can be configured by the source network device for the UE. After the UE hands over to the target cell, it can measure the target cell's measurement report. In S602c, the UE sends the source cell's measurement report, the candidate cell's measurement report, and the target cell's measurement report to the target network device. Optionally, in S602c, the UE can send the source cell's measurement report, the candidate cell's measurement report, and the target cell's measurement report in one message, or it can send the source cell's measurement report and the candidate cell's measurement report in one message and the target cell's measurement report in another message. Optionally, if the UE obtains multiple measurement reports from the target cell through multiple measurements, the UE can report these multiple measurement reports to the target network device.

[0213] S603c, the target network device sends the data before and after the UE handover to the OAM, and the OAM receives the data before and after the UE handover from the target network device.

[0214] In S603c, the target network device can send the data before and after the UE handover from S602c to OAM.

[0215] Optionally, the data after UE handover in S602c and S603c may further include the time when the UE hands over to the target cell. Alternatively, the data after UE handover in S602c may include the measurement report of the target cell, and the data after UE handover in S603c may include the measurement report of the target cell and the time when the UE hands over to the target cell. In other words, the time when the UE hands over to the target cell may be reported by the UE to the target network device or may be determined by the target network device; this embodiment does not impose any limitations on this.

[0216] Among them, S602c and S603c can be the third method for obtaining switching data.

[0217] It is understandable that if Method 1 of S602a and S603a exists, then Method 2 of S602b and S603b and Method 3 of S602c and S603c do not exist; or if Method 2 of S602b and S603b exists, then Method 1 of S602a and S603a and Method 3 of S602c and S603c do not exist; or if Method 3 of S602c and S603c exists, then Method 1 of S602a and S603a and Method 3 of S602b and S603b do not exist. In other words, OAM can obtain UE handover data through one of these three methods.

[0218] Optionally, for ease of description, the above example uses the scenario where OAM needs to obtain data before and after UE handover, and then uses this data for AI model training. In some cases, OAM can obtain data before UE handover, and can then train the AI ​​model based on this data.

[0219] S604, OAM performs AI model training to obtain the first model.

[0220] For multiple UEs, the above steps can be performed multiple times, so that OAM can obtain data before and after the handover of multiple UEs, and then train an AI model based on the data before and after the handover of multiple UEs.

[0221] Optionally, OAM performs preprocessing, feature selection, model selection, verification, and testing on the data before and after the handover of multiple UEs to obtain the first model.

[0222] Optionally, after OAM obtains the first model, it can indicate the first model to the source network device and / or target network device in FIG6, or it can indicate the first model to other network devices in the network system. For example, it can indicate the first model to the source network device shown in FIG7, or it can indicate the first model to the candidate network device shown in FIG8. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0223] In communication method 600, OAM can acquire data from multiple UEs before and after handover, and train an AI model based on the data from multiple UEs before and after handover to obtain a first model. This provides a method for determining the first model, so that a first network device or a second network device can use the first model to predict the handover of a certain UE. The following describes communication method 700, which uses the first model to predict UE handover, in conjunction with communication methods 700 and 800. As shown in Figure 7, a source network device predicts UE handover. In communication method 400, the first network device can be the source network device in Figure 7, and the second network device can be the target network device in Figure 7. Communication method 700 includes:

[0224] S701, the UE sends a first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the source network device, and the source network device receives the first measurement report and the corresponding time information from the UE.

[0225] Optionally, the first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell, and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report may include the time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell, which can indicate the time when the UE acquires the measurement report of the source cell. Optionally, the first measurement report includes measurement reports of at least one candidate cell, and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report may include the measurement reports of at least one candidate cell, which can indicate the time when the UE acquires the measurement report of each of the at least one candidate cell. Optionally, the first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell, and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report may include the time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell and the time information corresponding to the measurement report of at least one candidate cell. The time information corresponding to the measurement report of the source cell can indicate the time when the UE acquires the measurement report of the source cell, and the time information corresponding to the measurement report of at least one candidate cell can indicate the time when the UE acquires the measurement report of at least one candidate cell. Optionally, the first measurement report may be a cell-level measurement report or a reference signal-level (beam-level) measurement report; for a detailed description, please refer to the description of communication method 400.

[0226] Optionally, the UE may periodically perform measurements on the source cell and / or candidate cells.

[0227] Optionally, the UE can have one or more candidate cells. Optionally, the UE's candidate cells can be different at different times.

[0228] S702, the source network device inputs the first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report and the UE's handover trigger information into the first model to predict at least one of the following: the UE will hand over to the first target cell, the time when the UE will hand over to the first target cell, or the target beam that the UE will use when handing over to the first target cell.

[0229] Optionally, at least one candidate cell includes a first target cell, meaning that the source network device can determine the first target cell from at least one candidate cell using a first model based on a first measurement report.

[0230] Optionally, before S702, the source network device can determine whether the UE needs to hand over based on the first measurement report. If the UE needs to hand over, S702 can be executed; otherwise, S702 can be omitted. In other words, if the source network device determines from the first measurement report that the signal quality of the source cell is relatively poor and there is a candidate cell with relatively good signal quality, S702 can be executed; otherwise, S702 can be omitted.

[0231] Optionally, prior to S702, the source network device can send the UE's handover trigger information to the UE.

[0232] Specifically, S702 can refer to the description of S420.

[0233] S703, the source network device sends a first indication information to the target network device to which the first target cell belongs. The first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the UE is about to hand over to the first target cell, the time when the UE will hand over to the first target cell, or the target beam that the UE will use when handing over to the first target cell.

[0234] S704, the target network device performs dynamic scheduling of the UE in the first target cell and / or attempts to receive uplink messages sent by the UE in the first target cell on pre-configured resources, based on the first indication information.

[0235] Specifically, S704 can be found in the description of S440.

[0236] S705, UE triggers handover.

[0237] Optionally, a handover can be triggered when the UE meets the conditions indicated by the UE's handover trigger information. Optionally, the UE's handover trigger information can be configured to the UE by the source network device.

[0238] It is understandable that in communication method 700, step S705 is optional. When the UE does not need to hand over, it may not need to hand over, i.e., S705 does not need to be executed. When the UE needs to hand over, and the conditions indicated by the UE's trigger condition information are met, the UE may execute S705.

[0239] S706, the UE accesses the first target cell or the second target cell.

[0240] Optionally, if the target network device in S704 schedules the UE in the first target cell and / or receives an uplink message sent by the UE in the first target cell on pre-configured resources, the UE may access the first target cell. The UE may not access the first target cell determined by the source network device for some reason (e.g., a sudden change in the UE's direction of movement may lead it towards the second target cell), but may instead access the second target cell managed by the target network device. The first target cell and the second target cell can be different target cells.

[0241] S707, the target network device sends second indication information to the source network device, and the source network device receives the second indication information from the target network device. The second indication information indicates at least one of the following: the UE handover to the second target cell, the time of the UE handover to the second target cell, the target beam used by the UE when handing over to the second target cell, and the second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report.

[0242] If the UE accesses the first target cell in S706, then in S707, the second indication information can instruct the terminal device to switch to the first target cell, specifying the time of the switch, the target beam used by the terminal device, and the second measurement report or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report of the first target cell. In other words, at this time, the first target cell and the second target cell are the same cell.

[0243] Optionally, after the UE switches to the second target cell, it can perform measurements on the second target cell to obtain a second measurement report of the second target cell and / or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The target network device can determine that the UE has switched to the second target cell, as well as the time when the UE switched to the second target cell and the beam used by the UE when switching to the second target cell.

[0244] Specifically, the description of the second instruction information can be found in the description of communication method 400, but will not be described in detail to avoid redundancy.

[0245] S708, the source network device updates the first model according to the second instruction information.

[0246] Optionally, if the first target cell indicated by the first indication information is the same as the second target cell indicated by the second indication information, the time when the UE is to switch to the first target cell indicated by the first indication information is the same as the time when the UE is to switch to the second target cell indicated by the second indication information, and the target beam used by the UE when switching to the first target cell indicated by the first indication information is the same as the target beam used by the UE when switching to the second target cell indicated by the second indication information, then the source network device does not need to update the first model. That is, the source network device can compare the first indication information and the second indication information to determine that the first model is accurate and there is no need to update the first model. In this case, S708 does not need to be specified. In this case, S708 can be an optional step.

[0247] Optionally, in some cases, the target network device may also send the content indicated by the first instruction information and the content indicated by the second instruction information to the OAM. The OAM can determine whether to update the first model based on the content indicated by the first instruction information and the content indicated by the second instruction information. If the first model needs to be updated, the updated first model can be sent to the source network device.

[0248] Specifically, S708 can be found in the description of communication method 400.

[0249] In the aforementioned communication method 700, the source network device can use a first model to predict the time when the UE will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam the UE will use when switching to the first target cell. After this prediction, the source network device can send first indication information to the target network device. The first indication information can indicate at least one of the following: the UE will switch to the first target cell, the time when the UE will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam the UE will use when switching to the first target cell. The target network device can send dynamic scheduling based on the first indication information, and / or attempt to receive the UE's uplink messages on pre-configured resources based on the first indication information. This avoids resource waste caused by the target network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling, or resource waste caused by the target network device reserving pre-configured resources for the UE for an extended period. Furthermore, after the UE switches to the second target cell managed by the target network device, the target network device can indicate the UE's switching information to the source network device through the second indication information. The source network device can update the first model based on the second indication information, thus ensuring the robustness of the first model.

[0250] The following describes a communication method 800 in which candidate network devices predict UE handover using a first model, as shown in Figure 8. In the communication method 800, the first network device can be the source network device in Figure 8, and the second network device can be a candidate network device in Figure 8. The communication method 800 includes:

[0251] S801, the UE sends a first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the source network device, and the source network device receives the first measurement report and the corresponding time information from the UE.

[0252] Specifically, S801 is described in S701, but will not be described in detail to avoid redundancy.

[0253] S802, the source network device sends a first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the candidate network device, and the candidate network device receives the first measurement report and the corresponding time information from the source network device.

[0254] Optionally, the candidate network device sends a first message to the source network device, and the source network device receives the first message from the candidate network device. The first message is used to request a measurement report and time information. S802 includes: the source network device sending a first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the candidate network device based on the first message. That is, the source network device can send a first measurement report and corresponding time information to the candidate network device based on the first message. Specifically, the description of the first message, and the first condition information and / or periodic information included in the first message, can be found in the description of S510.

[0255] Specifically, the description of S802 is the same as that of S510, but will not be described in detail to avoid redundancy.

[0256] S803, the source network device sends the UE handover trigger information to the candidate network device.

[0257] Optionally, the candidate network device sends a second message to the source network device, and the source network device receives the second message from the candidate network device. The second message is used to request handover trigger information for the UE. S803 includes: the source network device sending the UE handover trigger information to the candidate network device based on the second message. That is, the source network device can send the UE handover trigger information to the candidate network device based on the second message. Specifically, the description of the second message can be found in the description of S510.

[0258] Specifically, the switching trigger information of S802 is described in the switching trigger information of S520, but will not be described in detail to avoid redundancy.

[0259] Optionally, the first message and the second message can be the same message or different messages.

[0260] Optionally, there is no restriction on the order of S802 and S803. S802 can be performed before, after, or simultaneously with S803. This application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0261] S804, the candidate network device inputs the first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report and the handover trigger information into the first model, and predicts at least one of the following: the UE will hand over to the first target cell, the time when the UE will hand over to the first target cell or the target beam that the UE will use when handing over to the first target cell.

[0262] S805, the candidate network device in the first target cell transmits dynamic scheduling using the target beam used by the UE when switching to the first target cell according to the time when the UE switches to the first target cell, and / or, in the first target cell, attempts to receive the UE's uplink message on pre-configured resources using the target beam used by the UE when switching to the first target cell according to the time when the UE switches to the first target cell.

[0263] Specifically, S805 can be found in the description of S540.

[0264] S806, UE triggers handover.

[0265] Optionally, a handover can be triggered when the UE meets the conditions indicated by the UE's handover trigger information. Optionally, the UE's handover trigger information can be configured to the UE by the source network device.

[0266] It is understandable that in communication method 800, step S806 is optional. When the UE does not need to hand over, it may not need to hand over, i.e., S806 does not need to be executed. When the UE needs to hand over, and the conditions indicated by the UE's trigger condition information are met, the UE may execute S806.

[0267] S807, the UE accesses the first target cell or the second target cell.

[0268] Optionally, if the candidate network device in S805 schedules the UE in the first target cell and / or receives an uplink message sent by the UE in the first target cell on pre-configured resources, the UE may access the first target cell. The UE may not access the first target cell determined by the candidate network device for some reason (e.g., a sudden change in the UE's direction of movement may lead it towards the second target cell), but may instead access the second target cell managed by the candidate network device. The first target cell and the second target cell can be different target cells.

[0269] Optionally, the candidate network device may update the first model based on at least one of the following: the time the UE accesses the second target cell, the target beam used by the UE to access the second target cell, the second measurement report, or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. For details, please refer to the description of communication method 500.

[0270] In the aforementioned communication method 800, the candidate network device can use a first model to predict when the UE will switch to the first target cell, the time when the UE will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam the UE will use after switching to the first target cell. The candidate network device can then send dynamic scheduling data using the target beam in the first target cell based on the time the UE will switch, and / or attempt to receive the UE's uplink messages on pre-configured resources using the target beam based on the time the UE will switch. This avoids resource waste caused by the candidate network device blindly sending dynamic scheduling data, or resource waste caused by the candidate network device reserving pre-configured resources for the UE for an extended period. Furthermore, when the UE switches to the second target cell managed by the candidate network device (which can be the target network device), the candidate network device can update the first model based on the UE's switching information, thus ensuring the robustness of the first model.

[0271] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the communication device 900 may include a processing unit 910 and a communication unit 920. The communication unit 920 can implement corresponding communication functions, which can be internal communication within the communication device 900 or communication between the communication device 900 and other devices; the processing unit 910 can implement corresponding processing functions. The communication unit 920 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a transceiver unit. Optionally, the communication device 900 may further include a storage unit, which can be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 910 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage unit to enable the device to implement the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0272] In one possible design, the communication device 900 can be the model management device or OAM as described in the communication method embodiments above, or it can be a module or chip applied to the model management device or OAM. The communication device 900 can be used to execute the steps or processes performed by the methods 300 or 600 described above.

[0273] In another possible design, the communication device 900 may be the first network device in the embodiments of communication method 400 or communication method 700 described above, or it may be a module or chip applied to the first network device. The communication device 900 may be used to execute the steps or processes performed by the first network device in the embodiments of communication method 400 or communication method 700 described above.

[0274] In another possible design, the communication device 900 may be a second network device in the embodiments of communication method 400 or communication method 700 described above, or it may be a module or chip applied to the second network device. The communication device 900 may be used to execute the steps or processes performed by the second network device in the embodiments of communication method 400 or communication method 700 described above.

[0275] In another possible design, the communication device 900 may be a second network device in the embodiments of communication methods 500 and 800 described above, or it may be a module or chip applied to the second network device. The communication device 900 may be used to perform the steps or processes executed by the second network device in the embodiments of communication methods 500 and 800 described above.

[0276] In another possible design, the communication device 900 may be the first network device in the embodiments of communication methods 500 and 800 described above, or it may be a module or chip applied to the first network device. The communication device 900 may be used to perform the steps or processes executed by the first network device in the embodiments of communication methods 500 and 800 described above.

[0277] For details regarding the steps or processes executed by each unit in the communication device 900, please refer to the embodiments of the method described above; they will not be elaborated here.

[0278] It should be understood that the "unit" in the communication device 900 can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. For example, the "unit" can refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), electronic circuitry, a processor (e.g., a shared processor, a proprietary processor, or a group processor, etc.) and memory for executing one or more software or firmware programs, combined logic circuitry, and / or other suitable components supporting the described functions. As another example, the communication unit 920 can be replaced by a transceiver circuit (e.g., it may include receiving and transmitting circuitry), and the processing unit 910 can be replaced by a processor or processing circuitry.

[0279] Figure 10 shows a schematic block diagram of another communication device 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. This communication device 1000 may be a model management device, a first network device, or a second network device, or it may be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the model management device, the first network device, or the second network device in implementing the above methods. This device can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0280] The communication device 1000 may include one or more processors 1010, which may also be referred to as processing units, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 1010 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, for example, a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device (e.g., base station, baseband chip, user chip, DU or CU, etc.), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0281] In an alternative design, the processor 1010 may also store instructions and / or data that can be executed by the processor 1010 to cause the communication device 1000 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the processing unit 910 in the communication device 900 may be the processor 1010.

[0282] In another alternative design, the communication device 1000 may include a communication interface 1020 for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the communication interface 1020 may be a transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver. The transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for reading and writing code / data, or it may be used for transmitting or relaying signals. Optionally, the communication unit 920 in the communication device 900 may be the communication interface 1020.

[0283] Optionally, the communication device 1000 may include one or more memories 1030, which may store instructions that can be executed on the processor 1010, causing the communication device 1000 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memories 1030 may also store data. Optionally, the processor 1010 may also store instructions and / or data. The processor 1010 and the memories 1030 may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0284] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for ease of explanation, Figure 10 only shows one memory and processor. In actual communication devices, multiple processors and memories may exist. Memory may also be referred to as storage medium or storage device, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not impose such limitations.

[0285] For example, a processor may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor is mainly used for processing communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU is mainly used for controlling the entire terminal device, executing software programs, and processing the data in the software programs. The processor in Figure 10 integrates the functions of a baseband processor and a CPU. Those skilled in the art will understand that the baseband processor and CPU can also be independent processors interconnected via technologies such as buses. Those skilled in the art will understand that a terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, and a terminal device may include multiple CPUs to enhance its processing capabilities. The various components of the terminal device can be connected via various buses. The baseband processor can also be described as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The CPU can also be described as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing communication protocols and communication data can be built into the processor or stored in the memory unit as a software program, which is then executed by the processor to implement the baseband processing function.

[0286] It should be understood that, in one possible design, the steps in the method embodiments provided in this application can be implemented by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0287] It should be noted that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above methods.

[0288] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0289] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes executed by the model management device, the first network device, or the second network device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0290] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program code that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes performed by the model management device, the first network device, or the second network device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0291] This application also provides a communication device, including a processor and an interface for sending and / or receiving signals, causing the processor to execute the various steps or processes executed by the model management device, the first network device, or the second network device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0292] This application also provides a communication system, which includes at least two of the following: a terminal device, a first network device, a second network device, or a model management device.

[0293] The above-described device and method embodiments are completely corresponding, with corresponding modules or units performing corresponding steps. For example, a communication unit or communication interface performs the receiving or sending steps in the method embodiment, while other steps besides sending and receiving can be performed by a processing unit or processor.

[0294] In the embodiments of this application, the terms and English abbreviations are exemplary examples given for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the application in any way. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.

[0295] As used in this specification, the terms "component," "module," "system," etc., are used to refer to computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer. As illustrated, applications running on computing devices and computing devices can both be components. One or more components may reside in a process and / or an execution thread, and components may be located on a single computer and / or distributed among two or more computers. Furthermore, these components can be executed from various computer-readable storage media on which various data structures are stored. Components can communicate, for example, via local and / or remote processes based on signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems via signals).

[0296] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the various illustrative logical blocks and steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0297] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be based on the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0298] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0299] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0300] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0301] In the above embodiments, the functions of each functional unit can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions (programs). When the computer program instructions (programs) are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks, SSDs), etc.

[0302] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0303] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, A chip applied to or used in a first network device, comprising: Obtain a first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report. The first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell. The first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report, and the handover trigger information of the terminal device are input into the first model to determine at least one of the following: the first target cell to which the terminal device will hand over, the time when the terminal device will hand over to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when handing over to the first target cell. The handover trigger information is used to indicate the triggering conditions that the network device to which the terminal device belongs must meet when handing over. Send a first indication message to the second network device to which the first target cell belongs. The first indication message is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device is about to switch to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. Wherein, the at least one candidate cell includes the first target cell, and the first network device is the network device to which the source cell belongs.

2. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After sending the first indication information to the second network device to which the first target cell belongs, the communication method further includes: The terminal device receives second indication information, which indicates at least one of the following: the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the second target cell, and the second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report.

3. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication method further includes: Update the first model according to the second instruction information.

4. The communication method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, Prior to receiving the second indication information from the second network device, the communication method further includes: Send a third indication message to the second network device, the third indication message being used to instruct the second network device to send the second indication message back to the first network device; The step of receiving the second indication information from the second network device includes: Receive the second indication information sent by the second network device based on the third indication information from the second network device.

5. The communication method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third indication information is identification information. Before sending the third indication information to the second network device, the communication method further includes: Send association information to the second network device, wherein the association information is used to indicate that the identification information is associated with the feedback second indication information; The step of receiving the second indication information sent by the second network device based on the third indication information includes: Receive the second indication information sent by the second network device based on the identification information and the association information.

6. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Sending the first indication information to the second network device to which the target cell belongs includes: Send a first message to the second network device to which the target cell belongs, the first message including the first indication information and the third indication information, the third indication information being used to instruct the second network device to feed back the second indication information to the first network device; The step of receiving the second indication information from the second network device includes: Receive the second indication information sent by the second network device according to the third indication information from the second network device.

7. The communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The communication method further includes: Receive a fourth indication message from the model management device, the fourth indication message being used to indicate the first model.

8. A communication method, characterized in that, Chips used in or within a second network device include: The second target cell managed by the second network device sends dynamic scheduling to the terminal device and / or receives uplink messages from the terminal device on pre-configured resources; After the terminal device accesses the second target cell according to dynamic scheduling and / or the uplink message, it sends second indication information to the first network device. The second indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the time when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, the target beam when the terminal device switches to the second target cell, and the second measurement report of the second target cell or the time information corresponding to the second measurement report. The first network device is the source network device before the terminal device switches to the second target cell.

9. The communication method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before sending the second indication information to the first network device, the communication method further includes: The terminal device receives first indication information from the first network device. The first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal device is about to switch to a first target cell managed by the second network device, the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell. Dynamic scheduling is performed in the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, using the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the first target cell, based on the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell. Alternatively, the uplink message of the terminal device is received on pre-configured resources in the first target cell indicated by the first indication information, using the target beam used by the terminal device when switching to the first target cell, based on the time when the terminal device switches to the first target cell.

10. The communication method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, Before sending the second indication information to the first network device, the communication method further includes: Receive third indication information from the first network device, the third indication information being used to instruct the second network device to send the second indication information back to the first network device; The step of sending the second indication information to the first network device includes: The second instruction information is sent to the first network device according to the third instruction information.

11. The communication method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The third indication information is identification information. Before receiving the third indication information from the first network device, the communication method further includes: The first network device receives association information, which is used to indicate that the identification information is associated with the feedback second indication information; The step of sending the second indication information to the first network device according to the third indication information includes: The second instruction information is sent to the first network device based on the identification information and the association information.

12. The communication method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Receiving the first indication information from the first network device includes: The first message is received from the first network device. The first message includes the first indication information and the third indication information. The third indication information is used to instruct the second network device to send the second indication information back to the first network device. The step of sending the second indication information to the first network device includes: The second instruction information is sent to the first network device according to the third instruction information.

13. A communication method, characterized in that, Chips used in or within a second network device include: The first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report are obtained from the first network device. The first measurement report includes the measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and the measurement report of at least one candidate cell. The handover trigger information of the terminal device is obtained from the first network device. The handover trigger information is used to indicate the trigger conditions that the terminal device must meet to switch to the network device it belongs to. The first measurement report, the time information corresponding to the first measurement report, and the handover trigger information are input into the first model to determine at least one of the following: the terminal device is about to hand over to the first target cell, the time when the terminal device will hand over to the first target cell, or the target beam that the terminal device will use when handing over to the first target cell; In the first target cell, dynamic scheduling is performed using the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell based on the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell, and / or, in the first target cell, uplink messages from the terminal device are received on pre-configured resources using the target beam that the terminal device will use when switching to the first target cell based on the time when the terminal device will switch to the first target cell. Wherein, the at least one candidate cell includes the first target cell, the first network device is the network device to which the source cell belongs, and the second network device is the network device to which the first target cell belongs.

14. The communication method according to claim 13, characterized in that, Before obtaining the first measurement report and the corresponding time information from the first network device, the communication method further includes: Send a first message to the first network device, the first message being used to request a measurement report and time information; The step of obtaining the first measurement report and the corresponding time information from the first network device includes: Receive the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the first message, and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report.

15. The communication method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first message includes first condition information, which is used to indicate the first condition; The step of receiving the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the first message and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report from the first network device includes: Receive from the first network device the first measurement report sent by the first network device after the first condition indicated by the first condition information is met, and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report.

16. The communication method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The measurement report of the source cell includes the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than a first threshold; and / or, the measurement result of the at least one candidate cell includes the RSRP of the at least one candidate cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that at least one of the at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of the reference signal greater than a second threshold.

17. The communication method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, The first message includes periodic information, which indicates the sending period of the measurement report by the first network device; The step of receiving the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the first message and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report from the first network device includes: Receive from the first network device the first measurement report sent by the first network device according to the periodic information included in the first message, and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report.

18. The communication method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that, Before obtaining the handover trigger information of the terminal device from the first network device, the communication method further includes: Send a second message to the first network device, the second message being used to request handover trigger information from the terminal device; Wherein, obtaining the handover trigger information of the terminal device from the first network device includes: Receive the handover trigger information of the terminal device sent by the first network device according to the second message from the first network device.

19. A communication method, characterized in that, A chip used in or within a first network device, including: Send a first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device. The first measurement report includes a measurement report of the source cell of the terminal device and a measurement report of at least one candidate cell. Send the handover trigger information of the terminal device to the second network device. The handover trigger information is used to indicate the trigger conditions that the terminal device must meet to switch to the network device it belongs to. Wherein, the first network device is the network device to which the source cell belongs, and the second network device is the network device to which at least some of the candidate cells belong.

20. The communication method according to claim 19, characterized in that, Before sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the second network device, the communication method further includes: Receive a first message from the second network device, the first message being used to request a measurement report and time information; The step of sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information to the second network device includes: The first measurement report and the corresponding time information are sent to the second network device according to the first message.

21. The communication method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The first message includes first condition information, which is used to indicate the first condition; The step of sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device according to the first message includes: After the first condition indicated by the first condition information is met, the first measurement report and the time information corresponding to the first measurement report are sent to the second network device.

22. The communication method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The measurement report of the source cell includes the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that the RSRP of the reference signal of the source cell is less than a first threshold; and / or, the measurement result of the at least one candidate cell includes the RSRP of the at least one candidate cell, and the first condition indicated by the first condition information is that at least one of the at least one candidate cell has an RSRP of the reference signal greater than a second threshold.

23. The communication method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that, The first message includes periodic information, which is used to indicate the transmission period of the first network device; The step of sending the first measurement report and the corresponding time information of the first measurement report to the second network device according to the first message includes: The first measurement report and the corresponding time information are sent to the second network device based on the periodic information included in the first message.

24. The communication method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that, Before sending the handover trigger information of the terminal device to the second network device, the communication method further includes: Receive a second message from the second network device, the second message being used to request handover trigger information from the terminal device; The step of sending the handover trigger information of the terminal device to the second network device includes: The handover trigger information of the terminal device is sent to the second network device according to the second message.

25. A communication device, characterized in that, This includes performing the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 24.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed, implements the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 24.

27. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes a processor connected to a memory for storing computer programs, and the processor is configured to execute the computer programs stored in the memory to cause the chip to perform the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 24.

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