Handling IMS voice unavailability in new generation network
The UE method of managing IMS voice unavailability in 6G networks by listing non-voice-capable PLMNs/SNPNs and using a timer for re-evaluation addresses inconsistent behaviors, optimizing resource use and ensuring reliable voice services in 6G environments.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
Smart Images

Figure CN2025147979_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDLING IMS VOICE UNAVAILABILITY IN NEW GENERATION NETWORKCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION (S)
[0001] This application claims priority to Indian Patent Application Serial No. 202521000737, entitled "METHOD TO HANDLE IMS VOICE UNAVAILABILITY IN NEW GEN" and filed on January 3, 2025, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.BACKGROUNDField
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly, to mechanisms of handling unavailability of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) -based voice services in new generation (6G) wireless networks. Background
[0003] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.SUMMARY
[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a user equipment (UE) . The UE determines that Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice services are not available in a next generation mode for a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or a Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) . In response to the determination, the UE performs at least one of adding an identity of the PLMN or the SNPN to a list of PLMNs or SNPNs for which a next generation mode capability was disabled due to IMS voice unavailability, disabling the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN, or starting a timer when the timer is not already running.
[0008] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a base station in communication with a UE in an access network.
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed access network.
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed access network.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture and signaling flow for handling IMS voice service unavailability in new generation (6G) wireless networks.
[0014] FIGs. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are flow charts of a method for handling Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice service unavailability in a new generation wireless network.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0016] Several aspects of telecommunications systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0017] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0018] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0019] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100. The wireless communications system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) includes base stations 102, UEs 104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G Core (5GC) ) . The base stations 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The macrocells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.
[0020] The base stations 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., SI interface) . The base stations 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with core network 190 through backhaul links 184. In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity) , inter cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or core network 190) with each other over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) . The backhaul links 134 may be wired or wireless.
[0021] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to 7 MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0022] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0023] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0024] The small cell 102’ may operate in a licensed and / or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 102’ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102’ , employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and / or increase capacity of the access network.
[0025] A base station 102, whether a small cell 102’ or a large cell (e.g., macro base station) , may include an eNB, gNodeB (gNB) , or another type of base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in a traditional sub 6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and / or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may be referred to as an mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in the band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency band (e.g., 3 GHz -300 GHz) has extremely high path loss and a short range. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.
[0026] The base station 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 108a. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 108b. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 180 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 180 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0027] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a PS Streaming Service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0028] The core network 190 may include a Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a location management function (LMF) 198, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 190. Generally, the SMF 194 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to the IP Services 197. The IP Services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a PS Streaming Service, and / or other IP services.
[0029] The base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB) , an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a transmit reception point (TRP) , or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or core network 190 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) . The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
[0030] Although the present disclosure may reference 5G New Radio (NR) , the present disclosure may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , or other wireless / radio access technologies.
[0031] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a base station 210 in communication with a UE 250 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may be provided to a controller / processor 275. The controller / processor 275 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 275 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0032] The transmit (TX) processor 216 and the receive (RX) processor 270 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 216 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 274 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 250. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 220 via a separate transmitter 218TX. Each transmitter 218TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0033] At the UE 250, each receiver 254RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 252. Each receiver 254RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 256. The TX processor 268 and the RX processor 256 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 256 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 250. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 250, they may be combined by the RX processor 256 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 256 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 210. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 258. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 210 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 259, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0034] The controller / processor 259 can be associated with a memory 260 that stores program codes and data. The memory 260 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 259 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 259 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0035] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 210, the controller / processor 259 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0036] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 258 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 210 may be used by the TX processor 268 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 268 may be provided to different antenna 252 via separate transmitters 254TX. Each transmitter 254TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission. The UL transmission is processed at the base station 210 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 250. Each receiver 218RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 220. Each receiver 218RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 270.
[0037] The controller / processor 275 can be associated with a memory 276 that stores program codes and data. The memory 276 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 275 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 250. IP packets from the controller / processor 275 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 275 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0038] New radio (NR) may refer to radios configured to operate according to a new air interface (e.g., other than Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiple Access (OFDMA) -based air interfaces) or fixed transport layer (e.g., other than Internet Protocol (IP) ) . NR may utilize OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink and may include support for half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . NR may include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service targeting wide bandwidth (e.g. 80 MHz beyond) , millimeter wave (mmW) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g. 60 GHz) , massive MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and / or mission critical targeting ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) service.
[0039] A single component carrier bandwidth of 100 MHz may be supported. In one example, NR resource blocks (RBs) may span 12 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of 60 kHz over a 0.25 ms duration or a bandwidth of 30 kHz over a 0.5 ms duration (similarly, 50MHz BW for 15kHz SCS over a 1 ms duration) . Each radio frame may consist of 10 subframes (10, 20, 40 or 80 NR slots) with a length of 10 ms. Each slot may indicate a link direction (i.e., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for each slot may be dynamically switched. Each slot may include DL / UL data as well as DL / UL control data.
[0040] The NR RAN may include a central unit (CU) and distributed units (DUs) . A NR BS (e.g., gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, transmission reception point (TRP) , access point (AP) ) may correspond to one or multiple BSs. NR cells can be configured as access cells (ACells) or data only cells (DCells) . For example, the RAN (e.g., a central unit or distributed unit) can configure the cells. DCells may be cells used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity and may not be used for initial access, cell selection / reselection, or handover. In some cases DCells may not transmit synchronization signals (SS) in some cases DCells may transmit SS. NR BSs may transmit downlink signals to UEs indicating the cell type. Based on the cell type indication, the UE may communicate with the NR BS. For example, the UE may determine NR BSs to consider for cell selection, access, handover, and / or measurement based on the indicated cell type.
[0041] FIG. 3 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed RAN 300, according to aspects of the present disclosure. A 5G access node 306 may include an access node controller (ANC) 302. The ANC may be a central unit (CU) of the distributed RAN. The backhaul interface to the next generation core network (NG-CN) 304 may terminate at the ANC. The backhaul interface to neighboring next generation access nodes (NG-ANs) 310 may terminate at the ANC. The ANC may include one or more TRPs 308 (which may also be referred to as BSs, NR BSs, Node Bs, 5G NBs, APs, or some other term) . As described above, a TRP may be used interchangeably with “cell. ”
[0042] The TRPs 308 may be a distributed unit (DU) . The TRPs may be connected to one ANC (ANC 302) or more than one ANC (not illustrated) . For example, for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS) , and service specific ANC deployments, the TRP may be connected to more than one ANC. A TRP may include one or more antenna ports. The TRPs may be configured to individually (e.g., dynamic selection) or jointly (e.g., joint transmission) serve traffic to a UE.
[0043] The local architecture of the distributed RAN 300 may be used to illustrate fronthaul definition. The architecture may be defined that support fronthauling solutions across different deployment types. For example, the architecture may be based on transmit network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency, and / or jitter) . The architecture may share features and / or components with LTE. According to aspects, the next generation AN (NG-AN) 310 may support dual connectivity with NR. The NG-AN may share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR.
[0044] The architecture may enable cooperation between and among TRPs 308. For example, cooperation may be preset within a TRP and / or across TRPs via the ANC 302. According to aspects, no inter-TRP interface may be needed / present.
[0045] According to aspects, a dynamic configuration of split logical functions may be present within the architecture of the distributed RAN 300. The PDCP, RLC, MAC protocol may be adaptably placed at the ANC or TRP.
[0046] FIG. 4 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN 400, according to aspects of the present disclosure. The distributed RAN 400 may include a multi-radio core network (MR-CN) and a multi-radio access network (MR-AN) . The MR-CN may include a control plane (C-plane) . A centralized core network unit (C-CU) 402 may host core network functions. The C-CU may be centrally deployed. C-CU functionality may be offloaded (e.g., to advanced wireless services (AWS) ) , in an effort to handle peak capacity. A centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 404 may host one or more ANC functions. Optionally, the C-RU may host core network functions locally. The C-RU may have distributed deployment. The C-RU may be closer to the network edge. A distributed unit (DU) 406 may host one or more TRPs. The DU may be located at edges of the network with radio frequency (RF) functionality.
[0047] The evolution of wireless communications toward sixth generation (6G) technology introduces new challenges for voice service continuity that require careful consideration and standardization. While 6G is being developed, during this extended development and initial deployment period, the availability and stability of voice services over 6G networks represents a significant concern for both network operators and UE manufacturers.
[0048] As described above with reference to FIGS. 1–2, packet-based voice services in cellular systems are typically provided via an IMS that resides in the operator IP services domain and is reached over the radio access network and the core network. In existing LTE and NR deployments, IMS-based voice (e.g., Voice over IMS) has become the primary mechanism for providing telephony services to a UE, replacing or complementing legacy circuit-switched voice. Voice services in 6G networks are anticipated to rely on IMS-based implementations, extending the architectural principles established for 4G and 5G networks. In such architectures, successful establishment of a voice call depends not only on radio connectivity between the UE and the base station, but also on the availability of IMS voice functionality in the serving PLMN or Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) and on successful end-to-end signaling towards the IMS core.
[0049] In the evolution towards the new generation (6G) radio access technology, it is expected that UEs will support connectivity to both legacy RATs (e.g., LTE, NR) and to the new generation access, while continuing to rely on IMS for voice services. However, unlike mature LTE and 5G deployments where IMS-based voice services have achieved widespread stability and interoperability, 6G networks during their initial launch phases and pre-commercial stages will likely encounter periods where IMS voice services are unavailable, unstable, or not yet fully deployed across all PLMNs and SNPNs. The transition to 6G presents a particularly complex scenario because network operators may deploy 6G radio access technology before fully implementing or stabilizing IMS voice service capabilities. For example, an operator may initially deploy 6G radio and core network functions primarily for data services, while IMS voice remains anchored in an earlier RAT, or the operator may enable IMS voice incrementally across its footprint. As a result, there may be situations in which a UE can register and obtain packet data connectivity over 6G, but IMS voice services are not available to the UE in that new generation mode.
[0050] A significant technical challenge arises regarding the behavior of the UE when IMS voice services are unavailable in the 6G environment. In current specifications, IMS and IP connectivity are described at a high level, and UE behavior for connectivity establishment, mobility, and session management is defined for existing RATs. However, for the new generation (6G) access, the standard behavior of the UE when IMS voice services are not available in 6G has not yet been defined. When a UE is camped on or registered with a 6G PLMN or SNPN that does not support IMS voice in the new generation mode, there is no explicit guidance as to whether the UE should remain attached to that network and operate without voice services, attempt to re-establish voice services in 6G, prefer another PLMN or SNPN, or fall back to another RAT where voice may be available.
[0051] This lack of defined behavior is particularly critical when the Mobile Station (MS) usage setting is configured as voice-centric. A voice-centric setting implies that the availability of voice services is a prerequisite for the UE to remain camped on a specific network or RAT. When a voice-centric UE registers with a PLMN or SNPN operating in 6G mode and encounters a condition where IMS voice is not available, the UE lacks the logic to determine the appropriate subsequent actions. For instance, without a defined protocol, the UE may not know whether to disable 6G capabilities for that specific network, how to track the unavailability, or when to attempt to access the service again. This ambiguity may result in inconsistent behavior among different devices and implementations, and may cause user confusion when voice services appear or disappear without a clear pattern.
[0052] The problem is further complicated by the heterogeneous nature of network deployments. Different PLMNs and SNPNs will implement 6G capabilities and IMS voice services according to varying timelines and technical capabilities. A UE may encounter multiple networks during its operational lifetime, some offering stable IMS voice services over 6G and others not supporting such services at all. IMS voice unavailability in 6G may be specific to particular PLMNs or SNPNs and may also be time-varying. For example, a UE may learn, through failed IMS registration or other signaling outcomes, that a particular PLMN does not provide IMS voice services in 6G at a given point in time. In current specifications there is no standardized concept for how the UE should record, interpret, or act upon such information on a per-PLMN or per-SNPN basis in the context of 6G. Without a defined mechanism, one implementation might repeatedly attempt voice-related procedures whenever it encounters that PLMN in 6G, leading to repeated failures, increased signaling load, and unnecessary power consumption. Another implementation might avoid that PLMN indefinitely after an initial failure, which could prevent the UE from using that PLMN for voice even after the operator later deploys IMS voice in 6G.
[0053] The interaction between IMS voice availability and PLMN or SNPN selection procedures in 6G is also not specified. When a UE detects that IMS voice is unavailable in 6G on the currently serving PLMN or SNPN, it is unclear from existing descriptions whether and how that information should influence subsequent network selection or reselection decisions. In the absence of standardized rules, a UE might continue to prefer the current 6G PLMN purely based on radio criteria, despite the lack of voice service, or it might frequently search for alternative PLMNs or SNPNs in an attempt to restore voice capability, which can introduce additional complexity and variability in user experience and network behavior.
[0054] The absence of defined UE procedures also creates uncertainty regarding temporary versus permanent voice service unavailability. A PLMN may experience temporary IMS voice service disruptions during 6G deployment phases, which could later be resolved as the network matures. Persistence and lifetime of any internal UE knowledge about IMS voice unavailability in 6G are not addressed in current specifications. If a UE infers that a given PLMN or SNPN does not provide IMS voice in 6G, there is no standard guidance on whether such information, even if maintained internally by the UE, should be retained across device power cycles, SIM insertion or removal, or long idle periods. If such information is kept indefinitely, the UE may fail to exploit newly deployed IMS voice capabilities in 6G because it continues to treat the PLMN or SNPN as incapable of voice. If, on the other hand, the information is discarded too aggressively, the UE may repeatedly attempt voice establishment on networks where IMS voice is consistently unavailable in 6G, thereby wasting signaling resources and battery power.
[0055] Additionally, modern UEs employ power-saving techniques and idle modes in which they limit activity on the radio interface for extended periods. IMS voice unavailability in 6G can be detected while the UE is in connected or active states, but subsequent transitions into low-power or idle states may obscure or invalidate that knowledge. Current descriptions do not specify how any UE behavior related to detected IMS voice unavailability in 6G should interact with such power-saving mechanisms. As a consequence, implementations may either ignore previously observed unavailability when returning from power-saving states, leading to repeated unsuccessful attempts, or may implicitly preserve outdated information for too long, impeding timely adaptation when network capabilities change.
[0056] In critical situations, such as attempts to place emergency calls, the absence of a well-defined procedure for reacting to IMS voice unavailability in 6G can result in increased call setup delays or call failures, despite the presence of alternative connectivity options. This undefined state can lead to inefficient network selection, potential service interruptions, and an inability for the UE to autonomously resolve the lack of voice service connectivity in the new generation network.
[0057] FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example architecture and signaling flow for handling IMS voice service unavailability in new generation (6G) wireless networks. The diagram 500 depicts components within a UE 502, multiple network environments including PLMNs and SNPNs with varying IMS voice capabilities, and the signaling and procedural mechanisms by which the UE 502 detects, records, and responds to the absence of IMS voice services in 6G mode.
[0058] The UE 502 includes a USIM 504, which is a removable subscriber identity module that stores subscriber credentials and network selection parameters. The UE 502 further includes a controller / processor 506 that implements control logic and protocol stack functions for the UE 502. The controller / processor 506 is connected to a memory / storage 508, which provides non-volatile and volatile storage for data structures and configuration information used by the UE 502. Within the memory / storage 508, a PLMN / SNPN list 510 is maintained, representing a dynamically created and updated data structure that stores identities of PLMNs and SNPNs for which 6G mode capability has been disabled due to IMS voice service unavailability. The PLMN / SNPN list 510 allows the UE 502 to remember which networks do not support IMS voice in 6G mode, enabling intelligent network selection and re-evaluation decisions. When the UE 502 is first manufactured and powered on, the PLMN / SNPN list 510 is empty. Entries are added dynamically as the UE 502 registers with various networks and encounters situations where IMS voice is unavailable in 6G mode.
[0059] The UE 502 includes a timer Tx 512, which is a protocol timer used to control the duration for which a PLMN or SNPN remains recorded in the PLMN / SNPN list 510. The timer Tx 512 enables periodic re-evaluation of whether a network that previously did not support IMS voice in 6G has subsequently deployed or restored such capability. The purpose of the timer Tx 512 is to recognize that IMS voice unavailability may be a temporary condition resulting from incomplete network deployment, maintenance activities, or transient network issues. Without such a timer, the UE 502 would never retry obtaining voice services from a PLMN or SNPN once it has been added to the PLMN / SNPN list 510.
[0060] The UE 502 further includes an MS usage setting module 514, which stores and manages user preferences or operator policies indicating whether the UE 502 is configured in a voice-centric mode or a data-centric mode. When the MS usage setting module 514 indicates a voice-centric configuration, the availability of voice services becomes a prerequisite for the UE 502 to maintain connectivity in 6G mode on a given network. The UE 502 also includes a 6G mode capability control module 516 that enables or disables 6G radio access technology functionality on a per-PLMN or per-SNPN basis in response to IMS voice availability conditions.
[0061] An IMS voice availability determination module 518 within the UE 502 processes signaling and indications from both the radio protocol stack and upper layers to ascertain whether IMS voice services are available in 6G mode for the currently serving PLMN or SNPN. The IMS voice availability determination module 518 may detect unavailability through failed IMS registration attempts, absence of voice capability indicators in network signaling, or explicit rejection messages received during voice setup procedures. The UE 502 includes an upper layer / IMS client 520, which represents application-layer telephony software that manages IMS registration, session establishment, and voice call signaling with the IMS core. The upper layer / IMS client 520 provides indications to the controller / processor 506 regarding the availability or unavailability of IMS voice services based on the outcome of IMS signaling procedures.
[0062] The UE 502 further includes a power-saving and unavailability control module 522 that manages transitions into and out of power-saving states, including MICO mode and other unavailability periods during which the UE 502 limits its radio activity to conserve battery power. The power-saving and unavailability control module 522 is configured to allow the timer Tx 512 to continue running during power-saving states, as opposed to suspending or stopping the timer, thereby allowing the timer expiry event to occur at the intended time regardless of UE power-saving state transitions. An eCall / emergency call module 524 manages emergency call procedures and eCall inactivity handling. The timer Tx 512 continues running even when the eCall / emergency call module 524 initiates an eCall inactivity procedure, so that timer-based re-evaluation of voice availability is not disrupted by emergency call handling states. A 6G radio transceiver / protocol stack 526 implements the physical layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and RRC layer functions for 6G connectivity and communicates with 6G base stations in the network.
[0063] On the network side, the diagram 500 illustrates multiple network deployment scenarios. A 6G base station 530 associated with PLMN A provides 6G radio coverage for PLMN A but is connected to a 6G core network 532 that does not support IMS voice services in 6G mode. This configuration represents the problematic case where a UE 502 can establish 6G radio connectivity and obtain packet data services but cannot access voice services over 6G. The 6G base station 530 broadcasts a PLMN / SNPN identity broadcast 550, which includes system information that identifies PLMN A to the UE 502. In contrast, a 6G base station 534 associated with PLMN B is connected to a 6G core network 536 that provides full IMS voice support in 6G mode through connectivity to an IMS core / IMS voice services 542. The IMS core / IMS voice services 542 represents the IMS infrastructure that delivers voice over IP functionality, and its availability over 6G connectivity determines whether the UE 502 can successfully establish voice calls in 6G mode.
[0064] The diagram 500 also depicts a 6G base station 538 associated with an SNPN, connected to a 6G core network 540. The inclusion of the SNPN environment illustrates that the invention applies equally to standalone non-public networks, which may be deployed by enterprises or private entities and which may also experience varying levels of IMS voice service maturity during 6G deployment phases. A legacy RAT network 544 represents alternative radio access technologies such as LTE or 5G NR, which may provide voice services through VoLTE or VoNR mechanisms even when 6G voice is unavailable, and to which the UE 502 may revert when 6G voice services are not accessible and the MS usage setting is voice-centric.
[0065] The operation illustrated in FIG. 5 begins when the UE 502 registers with a 6G network, for example PLMN A, via 6G registration signaling 552 exchanged between the 6G radio transceiver / protocol stack 526 and the 6G base station 530. Following successful registration at the access stratum level, the upper layer / IMS client 520 initiates IMS registration / voice setup signaling 554 in an attempt to establish IMS voice service capability. If the 6G core network 532 does not support IMS voice in 6G mode, the IMS registration or voice setup attempt fails, times out, or receives an explicit rejection. The IMS voice availability determination module 518 detects this failure condition and generates an IMS voice unavailability indication 556, which is communicated to the controller / processor 506.
[0066] Upon receiving the IMS voice unavailability indication 556, the controller / processor 506 evaluates whether one or more triggering conditions are satisfied. The triggering conditions include a determination that IMS voice services are not available in the new generation (6G) mode, and may additionally or alternatively include a determination that the MS usage setting module 514 indicates a voice-centric configuration. If IMS voice services are not available in 6G and / or the MS usage setting is voice-centric, the controller / processor 506 initiates the procedure defined by the invention. In other words, the UE 502 may perform the subsequent operations when either or both of these conditions are met.
[0067] The controller / processor 506 causes the 6G mode capability control module 516 to disable 6G mode capability for PLMN A, meaning that the UE 502 will not utilize 6G radio access technology for PLMN A in future connection attempts until the condition is re-evaluated and cleared. The controller / processor 506 then adds the identity of PLMN A to the PLMN / SNPN list 510 stored in memory / storage 508, creating a persistent record that associates PLMN A with the condition of IMS voice unavailability in 6G mode. The purpose of maintaining this list is so that the UE 502 remembers on which PLMNs or SNPNs IMS voice is not available, enabling the UE 502 to search for other PLMNs or SNPNs that can provide voice services. Without such a list, the UE 502 would have no memory of which networks provide voice services and which do not.
[0068] Concurrently with adding PLMN A to the PLMN / SNPN list 510, the controller / processor 506 starts the timer Tx 512 if the timer is not already running. The timer Tx 512 defines a validity period for the information stored in the PLMN / SNPN list 510. By starting the timer Tx 512, the UE 502 establishes a time limit after which it will re-evaluate the voice capability of PLMNs or SNPNs recorded in the PLMN / SNPN list 510. If the timer Tx 512 is already running from a previous instance where a different PLMN or SNPN was added to the list, the controller / processor 506 does not restart the timer, allowing a single timer instance to govern the validity period for multiple list entries.
[0069] There are multiple conditions under which the controller / processor 506 deletes stored information from the PLMN / SNPN list 510. A first deletion condition occurs when the UE 502 receives a power-off / USIM removal event 568, which may be triggered either by the user switching off the UE 502 or by physical removal of the USIM 504. Upon detecting the power-off / USIM removal event 568, the controller / processor 506 deletes all entries from the PLMN / SNPN list 510, resetting the UE’s knowledge of voice availability in 6G. This deletion allows a fresh start when the device is powered on again or when a new subscriber identity is introduced.
[0070] A second deletion condition occurs when the timer Tx 512 expires, generating a timer Tx expiry event 562. Upon receiving the timer Tx expiry event 562, the controller / processor 506 deletes one or more entries from the PLMN / SNPN list 510, allowing the UE 502 to retry 6G mode operation and IMS voice service access for the previously recorded PLMNs or SNPNs. The UE 502 infers that enough time has passed to justify a retry. The timer expiry mechanism allows the UE 502 to periodically re-evaluate networks that previously lacked voice capability, enabling the UE 502 to detect and utilize newly deployed IMS voice services without requiring manual intervention or network re-configuration.
[0071] A third deletion condition is triggered by an MS usage setting change signal 560 generated by the MS usage setting module 514. If the user or operator modifies the MS usage setting from voice-centric to data-centric, or if the configuration is otherwise changed such that 6G mode capability disabling is no longer necessary, the MS usage setting module 514 provides the MS usage setting change signal 560 to the controller / processor 506. In response, the controller / processor 506 deletes entries from the PLMN / SNPN list 510, since the rationale for disabling 6G mode no longer applies. Following deletion, the 6G mode capability control module 516 re-enables 6G capability for the affected PLMNs or SNPNs.
[0072] A fourth deletion condition occurs when the upper layer / IMS client 520 provides an IMS voice availability indication 558 to the controller / processor 506, signaling that IMS voice services have become available in 6G mode for a PLMN or SNPN. This may occur, for example, if the UE 502 successfully completes IMS registration and voice capability verification after the network operator has deployed or restored IMS voice functionality in 6G. Upon receiving the IMS voice availability indication 558, the controller / processor 506 removes the corresponding PLMN or SNPN identity from the PLMN / SNPN list 510 and instructs the 6G mode capability control module 516 to re-enable 6G mode for that network.
[0073] The power-saving and unavailability control module 522 may cause the UE 502 to enter power-saving states such as MICO mode or to activate an unavailability period during which the UE 502 reduces its signaling activity and power consumption. The power-saving and unavailability control module 522 generates a power-saving mode activation 564 signal when such states are entered. According to the invention, the timer Tx 512 continues to run and is not stopped or suspended in response to the power-saving mode activation 564. This design choice means that the timer Tx 512 expires at the intended time based on real-world elapsed time rather than UE activity time, preventing the timer from being extended indefinitely by frequent transitions into and out of power-saving states. Similarly, when the eCall / emergency call module 524 initiates an eCall inactivity procedure and generates an eCall inactivity procedure signal 566, the timer Tx 512 continues to run without interruption. The continuation of the timer Tx 512 during eCall inactivity means that when the UE 502 returns to normal operation, the voice capability of recorded PLMNs and SNPNs is re-evaluated according to the intended schedule.
[0074] When the UE 502 encounters a network where IMS voice is not available in 6G mode and records that network in the PLMN / SNPN list 510, the UE 502 may subsequently perform network selection or reselection procedures to search for alternative networks that provide voice services. For example, if PLMN A is recorded in the PLMN / SNPN list 510, the UE 502 may search for and select PLMN B represented by the 6G base station 534, which provides IMS voice services via the IMS core / IMS voice services 542. When the UE 502 camps on PLMN B and successfully establishes IMS voice capability, the UE 502 can provide both 6G data connectivity and voice services to the user, fulfilling the voice-centric usage requirement. Alternatively, if no 6G network with voice capability is available, the UE 502 may select the legacy RAT network 544 to obtain voice services through VoLTE or VoNR, effectively prioritizing voice availability over the use of the newest generation radio access technology.
[0075] The 6G mode capability control signal 570 is generated by the 6G mode capability control module 516 and provided to the 6G radio transceiver / protocol stack 526 to effectuate the enabling or disabling of 6G mode on a per-PLMN or per-SNPN basis. When a PLMN or SNPN is present in the PLMN / SNPN list 510, the 6G mode capability control signal 570 instructs the 6G radio transceiver / protocol stack 526 not to utilize 6G radio access technology when that network is encountered during cell selection or reselection. Conversely, when an entry is deleted from the PLMN / SNPN list 510 due to any of the specified conditions, the 6G mode capability control signal 570 re-enables 6G capability for that network, allowing the UE 502 to camp on 6G cells of that network and attempt IMS voice service establishment.
[0076] The dynamic creation and deletion of entries in the PLMN / SNPN list 510 allows the UE 502 to adapt to evolving network deployments without requiring pre-configured lists or manual updates. Over time, as networks mature and deploy IMS voice capabilities, or as the timer Tx 512 expires, entries are removed from the list, and the UE 502 retries 6G voice access. This dynamic mechanism balances the need to avoid repeated unsuccessful voice establishment attempts on networks that lack the capability with the need to discover and utilize newly available voice services as they are deployed.
[0077] By implementing the procedures illustrated in FIG. 5, the UE 502 provides a standardized and predictable behavior when IMS voice services are unavailable in new generation 6G networks. The invention addresses the problem of undefined UE behavior during the transition to 6G technology by defining specific actions for detecting voice unavailability, recording affected networks, managing the persistence and validity of that information, and re-evaluating networks as deployment conditions evolve. The use of the PLMN / SNPN list 510 and the timer Tx 512 provides a mechanism that balances user experience, network efficiency, and adaptability to changing network capabilities during the 6G deployment lifecycle.
[0078] FIGs. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are flow charts of a method for handling Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice service unavailability in a new generation (e.g., 6G) wireless network. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 502) .
[0079] In operation 602, the UE determines that Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice services are not available in a next generation mode for a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or a Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) . Referring to FIG. 5, the IMS voice availability determination module 518 may determine that the 6G core network 532 associated with the 6G base station 530 does not support IMS voice services.
[0080] In certain implementations, to determine that the IMS voice services are not available, the UE detects a failed IMS registration attempt over the next generation mode, receives a rejection message during a voice setup procedure, or determines an absence of a voice capability indicator in network signaling from the PLMN or the SNPN. Referring to FIG. 5, the IMS voice availability determination module 518 may detect a failure in the IMS registration / voice setup signaling 554 or receive an explicit rejection from the network.
[0081] In operation 604, in response to the determining, the UE performs at least one of: adding an identity of the PLMN or the SNPN to a list of PLMNs or SNPNs where a next generation mode capability was disabled due to IMS voice unavailability; disabling the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN; or starting a timer when the timer is not already running. Referring to FIG. 5, the controller / processor 506 may add the identity of PLMN A to the PLMN / SNPN list 510, instruct the 6G mode capability control module 516 to disable 6G mode via signal 570, and start the timer Tx 512.
[0082] In certain implementations, the next generation mode is a sixth generation (6G) mode. Referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 communicates with 6G base stations 530, 534, or 538 using 6G radio access technology.
[0083] In certain implementations, the performing the at least one of the operations described in operation 604 is further in response to determining that a usage setting of the UE is voice-centric. Referring to FIG. 5, the controller / processor 506 checks the MS usage setting module 514 to confirm the device is in a voice-centric configuration before disabling 6G capabilities.
[0084] In certain implementations, the list is dynamically created and maintained in a memory of the UE based on registration attempts with networks, and the list is initially empty when the UE is manufactured or when a new Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) is inserted. Referring to FIG. 5, the PLMN / SNPN list 510 is stored in the memory / storage 508 and is populated as the UE 502 encounters networks lacking voice support.
[0085] In certain implementations, the list is stored per USIM such that removal of a first USIM and insertion of a second USIM results in maintaining a distinct list for each USIM. Referring to FIG. 5, the content of the PLMN / SNPN list 510 is associated with the specific USIM 504 currently inserted in the UE 502.
[0086] In certain implementations, the timer continues to run, without stopping, when the UE activates an unavailability period or activates a power saving technique comprising a Mobile Initiated Connection Only (MICO) mode. Referring to FIG. 5, the timer Tx 512 continues running even when the power-saving and unavailability control module 522 generates a power-saving mode activation 564.
[0087] In certain implementations, the timer continues to run, without stopping, when the UE performs an emergency call (eCall) inactivity procedure. Referring to FIG. 5, the timer Tx 512 is not interrupted by the eCall inactivity procedure signal 566 generated by the eCall / emergency call module 524.
[0088] In operation 606, the UE performs a network selection or reselection procedure to search for an alternative PLMN or SNPN capable of providing the IMS voice services in response to adding the identity to the list. Referring to FIG. 5, after adding PLMN A to the list, the UE 502 may search for and select PLMN B (via 6G base station 534) which is connected to an IMS core 542.
[0089] In operation 608, the UE selects a legacy radio access technology (RAT) network to obtain voice services when no network supporting the next generation mode with IMS voice capability is available. Referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may select the legacy RAT network 544 (e.g., LTE or NR) to establish voice services if 6G voice is unavailable.
[0090] In operation 610, the UE deletes the identity of the PLMN or the SNPN from the list upon expiration of the timer. Referring to FIG. 5, upon receiving the timer Tx expiry event 562, the controller / processor 506 removes the corresponding entry from the PLMN / SNPN list 510.
[0091] In operation 612, the UE re-enables the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN in response to deleting the identity from the list. Referring to FIG. 5, the controller / processor 506 instructs the 6G mode capability control module 516 to re-enable 6G mode for the network so that the UE 502 can retry access.
[0092] In operation 614, the UE deletes stored information from the list when the UE is switched off or when a USIM is removed from the UE. Referring to FIG. 5, the controller / processor 506 clears the PLMN / SNPN list 510 in response to a power-off / USIM removal event 568.
[0093] In operation 616, the UE deletes the identity of the PLMN or the SNPN from the list when a usage setting of the UE changes such that disabling the next generation mode capability is no longer necessary. Referring to FIG. 5, if the MS usage setting module 514 provides an MS usage setting change signal 560 (e.g., changing to data-centric) , the controller / processor 506 removes entries from the PLMN / SNPN list 510.
[0094] In operation 618, the UE receives an indication from an upper layer of the UE that the IMS voice services are available for the PLMN or the SNPN. Referring to FIG. 5, the upper layer / IMS client 520 provides an IMS voice availability indication 558 to the controller / processor 506.
[0095] In operation 620, the UE deletes the identity of the PLMN or the SNPN from the list in response to the indication. Referring to FIG. 5, the controller / processor 506 removes the network identity from the PLMN / SNPN list 510 upon receiving the indication 558.
[0096] In operation 622, the UE re-enables the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN in response to deleting the identity from the list. Referring to FIG. 5, the 6G mode capability control module 516 re-enables 6G access for the PLMN or SNPN via the 6G mode capability control signal 570.
[0097] The network entities described in FIG. 5, such as the 6G base stations 530, 534, and 538, may be implemented using the hardware components of the base station 210 described in FIG. 2. Specifically, the 6G base stations may utilize the controller / processor 275 to generate and process signaling related to IMS voice availability, such as the PLMN / SNPN identity broadcast 550 or rejection messages during IMS registration. The memory 276 may store configuration data indicating whether the associated 6G core network (e.g., 6G core network 532 or 536) supports IMS voice services in the new generation mode. The transmitters 218TX and receivers 218RX, coupled to the antennas 220, facilitate the transmission of these indications and the reception of registration requests from the UE 502 via the 6G radio interface.
[0098] Furthermore, the core network entities illustrated in FIG. 5, including the 6G core networks 532, 536, 540 and the IMS core 542, may be implemented using hardware structures similar to those described for the base station or the EPC 160 / Core Network 190. These network nodes typically comprise one or more processors (comparable to controller / processor 275and memories (comparable to memory 276) configured to handle session management and IMS signaling. For instance, a network node within the 6G core network 532 or the IMS core 542 may utilize its processor to determine that a voice setup request from the UE 502 cannot be serviced in the 6G mode and subsequently trigger the transmission of a rejection message or a cause code to the UE, thereby prompting the UE to populate the PLMN / SNPN list 510.
[0099] The UE 502 described in FIG. 5 and the operations described in FIGs. 6 (A) and 6 (B) may be implemented using the hardware components of the UE 250 described in FIG. 2. The controller / processor 506 of the UE 502 corresponds to the controller / processor 259 of the UE 250, which executes program codes to perform the determinations and control logic described herein. For example, the controller / processor 259 may execute the IMS voice availability determination module 518 to detect failed registration attempts and the power-saving and unavailability control module 522 to manage timer continuity during MICO mode. The memory / storage 508 of the UE 502 corresponds to the memory 260 of the UE 250, which stores the PLMN / SNPN list 510 containing identities of networks where 6G mode capability is disabled.
[0100] Additionally, the 6G radio transceiver / protocol stack 526 corresponds to the transmitters 254TX, receivers 254RX, and antennas 252 of the UE 250, which are controlled by the processor 259 to perform network selection and communicate with 6G base stations. The timer Tx512 may be implemented as a software timer running on the controller / processor 259 or a dedicated hardware timer within the UE circuitry. The USIM 504 interfaces with the controller / processor 259 to provide subscriber identity information, and the processor 259 is configured to clear the PLMN / SNPN list 510 in the memory 260 upon detection of a USIM removal or a power-off event.
[0101] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0102] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
Claims
1.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:determining that Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice services are not available in a next generation mode for a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or a Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) ; andin response to the determining, performing at least one of:adding an identity of the PLMN or the SNPN to a list of PLMNs or SNPNs where a next generation mode capability was disabled due to IMS voice unavailability;disabling the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN; orstarting a timer when the timer is not already running.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the next generation mode is a sixth generation (6G) mode.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the at least one of is further in response to determining that a usage setting of the UE is voice-centric.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the timer continues to run, without stopping, when the UE activates an unavailability period or activates a power saving technique comprising a Mobile Initiated Connection Only (MICO) mode.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the timer continues to run, without stopping, when the UE performs an emergency call (eCall) inactivity procedure.6.The method of claim 1, further comprising:deleting the identity of the PLMN or the SNPN from the list upon expiration of the timer.7.The method of claim 6, further comprising:re-enabling the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN in response to deleting the identity from the list.8.The method of claim 1, further comprising:deleting stored information from the list when the UE is switched off or when a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) is removed from the UE.9.The method of claim 1, further comprising:deleting the identity of the PLMN or the SNPN from the list when a usage setting of the UE changes such that disabling the next generation mode capability is no longer necessary.10.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving an indication from an upper layer of the UE that the IMS voice services are available for the PLMN or the SNPN; anddeleting the identity of the PLMN or the SNPN from the list in response to the indication.11.The method of claim 10, further comprising:re-enabling the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN in response to deleting the identity from the list.12.The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the IMS voice services are not available comprises at least one of:detecting a failed IMS registration attempt over the next generation mode;receiving a rejection message during a voice setup procedure; ordetermining an absence of a voice capability indicator in network signaling from the PLMN or the SNPN.13.The method of claim 1, further comprising:performing a network selection or reselection procedure to search for an alternative PLMN or SNPN capable of providing the IMS voice services in response to adding the identity to the list.14.The method of claim 1, further comprising:selecting a legacy radio access technology (RAT) network to obtain voice services when no network supporting the next generation mode with IMS voice capability is available.15.The method of claim 1, wherein the list is dynamically created and maintained in a memory of the UE based on registration attempts with networks, and wherein the list is initially empty when the UE is manufactured or when a new Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) is inserted.16.The method of claim 1, wherein the list is stored per Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) such that removal of a first USIM and insertion of a second USIM results in maintaining a distinct list for each USIM.17.An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus being a user equipment (UE) , comprising:a memory; andat least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:determine that Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice services are not available in a next generation mode for a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or a Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) ; andin response to the determination, perform at least one of:add an identity of the PLMN or the SNPN to a list of PLMNs or SNPNs where a next generation mode capability was disabled due to IMS voice unavailability;disable the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN; orstart a timer when the timer is not already running.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the next generation mode is a sixth generation (6G) mode.19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the at least one of further in response to determining that a usage setting of the UE is voice-centric.20.A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code for wireless communication of a user equipment (UE) , comprising code to:determine that Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice services are not available in a next generation mode for a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or a Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) ; andin response to the determination, perform at least one of:add an identity of the PLMN or the SNPN to a list of PLMNs or SNPNs where a next generation mode capability was disabled due to IMS voice unavailability;disable the next generation mode capability for the PLMN or the SNPN; orstart a timer when the timer is not already running.