Method and apparatus for coordinated multi-access point transmission in wireless communications
The use of control frames with specific information fields for CoBF and CoSR addresses inefficiencies in wireless communication systems, enhancing transmission performance and reliability among multiple access points by reducing signaling overhead and maintaining compatibility with existing standards.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently signaling coordination-related information and ensuring consistent transmission behavior among multiple access points, particularly in IEEE 802.11 standards.
Implementing coordinated beamforming (CoBF) and coordinated spatial reuse (CoSR) through control frames that include specific information fields to facilitate efficient and reliable transmission between access points, using a frame structure that reduces signaling overhead and maintains compatibility with existing standards.
Enhances transmission performance across multiple access points by improving coordination efficiency and reliability, reducing signaling overhead, and supporting flexible and scalable signaling mechanisms.
Smart Images

Figure CN2026070791_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COORDINATED MULTI-ACCESS POINT TRANSMISSION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 742,012, filed 6 January 2025, and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 786,442, filed 10 April 2025, the contents of which herein being incorporated by reference in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to coordinated multi-access point transmission in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communications in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards, such as IEEE 802.11bn, coordinated transmission among multiple access points (APs) has been considered as an important mechanism to improve system performance. However, how to efficiently signal coordination-related information and how to ensure consistent transmission behavior among participating APs remain challenging. Therefore, there is a need for improved techniques to support coordinated multi-access point transmission in wireless communications.SUMMARY
[0005] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods, and apparatuses pertaining to coordinated multi-access point transmission in wireless communications. Under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, it is believed that coordinated transmission information may be efficiently transmitted from a first AP to a second AP through a control frame to trigger a coordinated transmission. For example, under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, coordinated beamforming (CoBF) information or coordinated spatial reuse (CoSR) information may be performed, thereby improving transmission performance across multiple APs. Thus, it is believed that various schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate issue (s) described herein.
[0007] In one aspect, a method may include a first access point (AP) transmitting a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field to a second AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type. The method may also include the first AP transmitting a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station.
[0008] In one aspect, a method may include a second access point (AP) receiving a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field from a first AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type. The method may also include the second AP transmitting a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station.
[0009] In another aspect, an apparatus implementable in an AP may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may transmit, via the transceiver, a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field to a second AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type. The processor may also transmit, via the transceiver, a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type.
[0010] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 12 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 13 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 17 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 19 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 20 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0032] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0033] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes, and / or solutions pertaining to coordinated multi-access point transmission in wireless communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly to enable coordinated communication of access points (APs) by using a control frame. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another to support coordinated beamforming (CoBF) or coordinated spatial reuse (CoSR) .
[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 to FIG. 19 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 19.
[0035] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 may involve at least two AP devices, including a first AP 110 and a second AP 120 for coordinated multi-access point transmission. In some embodiments, the first AP 110 may operate as a coordinating access point, also referred to as a sharing AP device, and the second AP 120 may operate as a coordinated access point, also referred to as a shared AP device. The first AP 110 and the second AP 120 may be deployed in overlapping or adjacent basic service sets (BSSs) in accordance with one or more Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, such as IEEE 802.11bn, Wi-Fi 8, and future-developed standards, and may cooperate to perform coordinated transmission toward one or more non-access point stations (non-AP STAs) . It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized individually or separately. Alternatively, some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized jointly.
[0036] Referring to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the first AP 110 (such as the coordinating AP) may initiate a coordinated transmission procedure by transmitting a control frame 141 to the second AP 120 (such as the coordinated AP) . The control frame 141 may have a frame structure comprising a 64-bit common information field and a per-user information field (also referred to as a user information field) . In one embodiment, upon receiving the control frame 141, the second AP 120 may transmit a responding frame to indicate participation in the coordinated transmission procedure. Alternatively, the second AP 120 may not transmit the responding frame. In some embodiments, the control frame 141 may include the coordinated transmission information, which may include a CoBF information or a CoSR information.
[0037] After the coordinated transmission procedure is established between the first AP 110 and the second AP 120, the first AP 110 may transmit a coordinated transmission to one or more non-AP stations 131-1 to 131-N. The second AP 120 may cooperate with the first AP 110 to perform the coordinated transmission, such as by jointly transmitting a CoBF transmission 143 to the one or more non-AP stations 132-1 to 132-N.
[0038] In various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, one or more non-access point stations (non-AP STA) may receive the control frame 141 transmitted by the first AP 110 for coordinated transmission. The one or more non-AP stations may receive CoBF information or CoSR information in the control frame 141.
[0039] In some embodiments, CoBF and CoSR may be implemented in accordance with IEEE 802.11bn standards. To trigger a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) transmission for CoBF or CoSR, a control frame, such as a trigger frame, or a multi-station block acknowledgment (multi-STA BA) , may be transmitted by a sharing AP to enable a shared AP to configure a downlink PPDU for coordinated transmission. In some embodiments, the control frame or the multi-STA BA may include one or more of: an indication of CoBF or CoSR transmission, trigger-based acknowledgment (TB ACK) related information, spatial stream configuration information, BSS color indication, and trigger frame structure information. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, multiple signaling mechanisms may be supported for triggering CoBF or CoSR transmission, and such signaling mechanisms may be implemented separately or jointly.
[0040] FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 under a proposed scheme with respect to CoBF and CoSR transmission in a coordinated multi-access point environment in accordance with the present disclosure. Under the proposed scheme, a sharing AP may utilize a frame structure, such as a control frame or a multi-STA BA, to poll and trigger CoBF or CoSR PPDU transmission. The control frame or the multi-STA BA may carry information required for performing the CoBF or CoSR transmission, including coordinated transmission indication, spatial stream configuration, BSS color information, and power control information for the shared AP. In some embodiments, the intended receiver of the control frame or the multi-STA BA may be the shared AP and / or an ultra-high reliability (UHR) non-AP STA supporting enhanced multi-link single-radio (eMLSR) operation. When the UHR non-AP STA receives the control frame or the multi-STA BA, a response after a short interframe space (SIFS) may not be required since a receiver address (RA) of the control frame is broadcast. In some embodiments, the intended receiver of the control frame (e.g., a trigger frame) is the shared AP only. Furthermore, TB ACK related information, such as TB ACK length and TB ACK resource unit (RU) allocation, may be included in the control frame or the multi-STA BA. If applied, TB ACK related information may be carried in the CoBF or CoSR PPDU such that the shared AP can tell its non-AP STA about the TB ACK related information, and one or more TB ACK parameters for the shared AP may be determined by the sharing AP and transmitted in the control frame or the Multi-STA BA prior to the CoBF or CoSR PPDU. Accordingly, signaling overhead may be reduced, and coordinated transmission efficiency and reliability across multiple APs may be improved.
[0041] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario 300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Under the proposed scheme. FIG. 3 illustrates an example trigger frame structure and trigger type indication mechanism for coordinated multi-access point (MAP) transmission in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to part (A) of FIG. 3, a trigger frame may include a trigger type subfield and one or more additional subfields configured to indicate MAP-related operations. In some embodiments, a reserved value in a trigger type subfield defined in IEEE 802.11ax may be used to indicate a MAP trigger. An additional MAP-type subfield may be included to further specify a MAP transmission type (also referred to as a coordinated transmission type) , such as CoBF or CoSR. Part (B) of FIG. 3 illustrates an example trigger type subfield encoding, in which trigger type subfield values 8-15 are reserved. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the reserved trigger type subfield values may be repurposed to indicate a MAP trigger, thereby maintaining backward compatibility with legacy trigger frame variants while enabling MAP-specific signaling. In some embodiments, the MAP-type subfield may be used in conjunction with the trigger type subfield to distinguish different MAP transmission modes, including CoBF and CoSR, without introducing ambiguity to existing trigger frame interpretations. Accordingly, the proposed trigger frame structure may flexibly support MAP transmission type with minimal signaling overhead and improved coordination efficiency across multiple access points.
[0042] FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario 400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example control information format associated with TB ACK solicitation for CoBF and CoSR transmission in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4, TB ACK related information may be transmitted via trigger response scheduling (TRS) control subfield in the CoBF PPDU or CoSR PPDU or a trigger-based control subfield carried in a medium protocol data unit (MPDU) in the CoBF PPDU or CoSR PPDU. In some embodiments, a trigger response scheduling (TRS) control subfield in the CoBF PPDU or CoSR PPDU may be used to convey TB ACK related information. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, certain parameters used for TB ACK transmission, including bandwidth (BW) , BSS color, number of long training fields (Num_LTF) , LTF guard interval (LTF_GI) , number of spatial streams (NSS) , coding scheme, low-density parity-check (LDPC) extra information, Spatial Reuse (SR) parameter, and packet extension (PE) , may be predefined by a wireless communication standard and thus may not require explicit information exchange. Accordingly, when soliciting a TB ACK for CoBF or CoSR transmission, one or more of these parameters may be treated as predefined. In this case, the CoBF / CoSR control frame (i.e. a control frame carrying CoBF information / CoSR information) or the multi-STA BA may carry TB ACK related information including, for example, a TB ACK length or a TB ACK data symbol number, TB ACK resource unit (RU) allocation related information, and transmission power related information for TB ACK. The TB ACK related information carried by the CoBF / CoSR control frame may be included in the CoBF PPDU or CoSR PPDU and transmitted to corresponding stations. In some embodiments, the TB ACK RU allocation may be predefined for CoBF or CoSR transmission, such as by allocating a lower half portion of a channel to a sharing AP and a higher half portion of the channel to a shared AP. Additionally, shared AP transmit power for TB ACK, uplink target receive power, and uplink modulation and coding scheme (UL-MCS) for non-AP stations may be carried in the control frame or may be determined by the shared AP. Accordingly, signaling overhead may be reduced while improving the reliability and efficiency of TB ACK feedback in coordinated multi-access point transmission.
[0043] In some embodiments, some considerations may be applied to the design of a CoBF or CoSR control frame (e.g. trigger frame) . Since an intended receiver of a CoBF / CoSR trigger frame may be a shared AP only, a new trigger type may be defined to support CoBF or CoSR transmission, and one or more subfields of the trigger frame may be modified accordingly. However, to simplify implementation and maintain compatibility, a frame structure similar to an existing trigger frame may be preserved, such as including a 64-bit common information field and a 40-bit per-user information field. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, the CoBF / CoSR control frame may be self-contained. In some embodiments, two BSS colors may be indicated in the CoBF / CoSR control frame (e.g., trigger frame) . The two BSS colors also is indicated in an ultra-high reliability signal (U-SIG) of a CoBF or CoSR PPDU. To differentiate BSS color per-station, a most significant bit (MSB) of an association identifier (AID12) of a station may be used, where a first value (e.g., MSB=0) indicates that the station is associated with a sharing AP BSS and a second value (e.g., MSB=1) indicates that the station is associated with a shared AP BSS. In some embodiments, for a trigger frame used to solicit a trigger-based PPDU, spatial stream (SS) configuration information, such as a starting SS and a number of NSS, may be carried in a per-user information field. For a CoBF / CoSR trigger frame, a spatial stream allocation field defined for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) operation may be reused, such as a 4-bit SS allocation field in a MU-MIMO user field. In this case, a shared AP may determine an appropriate SS configuration by combining an order of station AIDs received in the control frame with a spatial stream allocation table, following rules defined for downlink MU-MIMO transmission.
[0044] In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, stations associated with a sharing AP and stations associated with a shared AP may not be mixed within a user information sequence. For example, station identifiers (e.g., AID) associated with a sharing AP may be transmitted before station identifiers associated with a shared AP. In addition, an indication of a total number of users may be carried in the control frame prior to per-user information. For example, the indication of a total number of users may be carried in the control frame prior to all user information fields or all user information fields comprising station identifiers. If a CoBF transmission targets only two stations, information of two stations may be included in only one user information field, and an additional user information field may be omitted. Furthermore, when a CoSR transmission is performed, and a PPDU transmitted by a shared AP is not aligned with a PPDU transmitted by a sharing AP, an alignment indicator may be included in the control frame. When CoBF or CoSR transmission supports trigger-based acknowledgement (TB ACK) or sequential block acknowledgment (BA) , a corresponding indication may also be carried in the control frame. In some embodiments, to trigger a CoSR PPDU, some per-station information (also referred to as station information) may not be carried in the trigger frame, such as an ultra-high reliability modulation and coding scheme (UHR-MCS) indication or low-density parity-check (LDPC) related parameters (e.g., 2×LDPC) , so as to further reduce signaling overhead.
[0045] FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Under the proposed scheme, FIG. 5 illustrates an example SS configuration for CoBF or CoSR transmission and an order of station information in accordance with the present disclosure. In the illustrated example, a total number of users (i.e. a total number of stations) is three, and multiple user information included in a control frame is ordered in accordance with a spatial stream allocation. Under the proposed scheme, an order of station information (i.e. user information) in the control frame may correspond to a number of spatial streams assigned to each station, such that a station associated with a larger number of spatial streams is positioned ahead of a station associated with a smaller number of spatial streams. The station information (i.e., user information) comprises the station AID. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, assume that station 1 is assigned 2 spatial streams, station 2 is assigned 1 spatial stream and station 3 is assigned 1 spatial stream. Accordingly, station 1 information is before station 2 information, and station 2 information is before the station 3 information. In some embodiments, stations associated with different BSS colors may be positioned sequentially rather than interleaved. For example, when a first station and a second station are associated with a sharing AP and a third station is associated with a shared AP, station information corresponding to the first station and station information corresponding to the second station may be included prior to station information corresponding to the third station. A mixed ordering, such as placing station information associated with the sharing AP, followed by station information associated with the shared AP, and then again station information associated with the sharing AP, may be disallowed. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial configuration information used for CoBF or CoSR transmission may be represented using a compact encoding scheme. In some embodiments, a spatial configuration may be indicated using a 4-bit spatial configuration table. In some other embodiments, the spatial configuration may be represented by multiple subfields, such as a starting spatial stream indication and a number of spatial streams indication. Accordingly, a flexible spatial stream configuration mechanism may be provided to support coordinated multi-access point transmission while maintaining a station information ordering and reducing signaling complexity.
[0046] For example, the shared AP receives the control frame. The shared AP obtains SS allocation information from the SS allocation subfield in the control frame, where the SS allocation subfield may be 4 bits. The shared AP refers to spatial configuration subfield encoding table, wherein the SS allocation information of the shared AP may correspond to an index value (e.g. B3-B0 value) for finding the corresponding relationship between the order of station information and the number of spatial streams of each station in the plurality of stations under the total number of stations participating in a coordinated transmission in the spatial configuration subfield encoding table. The shared AP determines an appropriate SS configuration based on an order of station AIDs received in the control frame and the B3-B0 value.
[0047] FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 6 illustrates an example control frame structure for CoBF or CoSR transmission in accordance with the present disclosure. In the illustrated example, CoBF or CoSR transmission is performed without being mixed with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission. Under the proposed scheme, the control frame may comprise a 64-bit common information field, a special information field having a length of 40 bits, and a trigger-dependent user information field having a length of 40 bits. In some embodiments, the number of the trigger-dependent user information fields may vary depending on a total number of users to be triggered. For example, when the total number of users is two, one trigger-dependent user information field having a length of 40 bits may be included in the control frame, whereas when the total number of users is greater than two, two trigger-dependent user information fields are included in the control frame, and the total length of two trigger-dependent user information fields is 80 bits. In such cases, reserved fields originally defined in the trigger-dependent user information field may be removed, and per-user information (also referred to per-station information) may be transmitted sequentially for each user. Accordingly, a number of bits used for user information may scale with the total number of users involved in the coordinated transmission. Furthermore, in embodiments where a trigger-based block acknowledgment (TBBA) or trigger-based acknowledgment (TB ACK) mechanism is applied, a TB ACK length may be determined by a number of data symbols of the TB ACK, and frequency resource allocation for the TB ACK may be determined based on a PS160 and an 8-bit resource unit (RU) allocation field. Accordingly, the proposed control frame structure provides a flexible and scalable signaling mechanism for CoBF or CoSR transmission while reducing signaling overhead and improving coordination efficiency among multiple access points. In FIG. 6, the common information field comprises the BSS color1 field and the BSS color2 field, wherein the BSS color1 field indicates a BSS color for the sharing AP and the BSS color2 field indicates a BSS color for the shared AP.
[0048] FIG. 7 illustrates an example scenario 700 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Under the proposed scheme, FIG. 7 illustrates another example control frame structure for CoBF or CoSR transmission in accordance with the present disclosure. In the illustrated example, CoBF or CoSR transmission is performed without being mixed with OFDMA transmission. Under the proposed scheme, the control frame may comprise a 64-bit common information field, a special information field having a length of 40 bits, and a trigger-dependent user information field having a length of 40 bits. In some embodiments, the number of the trigger-dependent user information fields may vary depending on a total number of users involved in the coordinated transmission. For example, when the total number of users is two, one of the trigger-dependent user information fields having a length of 40 bits may be included in the control frame, whereas when the total number of users is greater than two, two trigger-dependent user information fields are included in the control frame and the total length of two trigger-dependent user information fields is 80 bits. In such embodiments, reserved fields originally defined in the trigger-dependent user information field may be removed, and per-user information may be transmitted sequentially for each user. Accordingly, a number of bits used for user information may dynamically depend on the total number of users. Furthermore, in embodiments where a TBBA or TB ACK mechanism is applied, a TB ACK length may be determined by the number of data symbols of TB ACK. In addition, frequency resources for the TB ACK may be predefined, such that no additional signaling or information exchange is required for TB ACK frequency allocation. Accordingly, the proposed control frame structure enables efficient and low-overhead signaling for CoBF or CoSR transmission while simplifying implementation and improving coordination efficiency among multiple access points.
[0049] FIG. 8 illustrates an example scenario 800 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 8 illustrates another example control frame structure for CoBF or CoSR transmission in accordance with the present disclosure. In this example, CoBF or CoSR transmission is performed without being mixed with OFDMA transmission. Under the proposed scheme, the control frame may comprise a 64-bit common information field, a special information field having a length of 40 bits, and a trigger-dependent user information field having a length of 40 bits. In some embodiments, the number of the trigger-dependent user information fields may vary depending on a total number of users involved in the coordinated transmission. For example, when the total number of users is two, one trigger-dependent user information field having a length of 40 bits may be included in the control frame, whereas when the total number of users is greater than two, two trigger-dependent user information fields are included in the control frame, and the total length of two trigger-dependent user information fields is 80 bits. In such embodiments, reserved fields originally defined in the trigger-dependent user information field may be removed, and per-user information may be transmitted sequentially for each user. Accordingly, a number of bits used for user information may dynamically depend on the total number of users participating in the CoBF or CoSR transmission. Furthermore, in embodiments where a TBBA or TB ACK mechanism is applied, a TB ACK length may be determined by a number of data symbols of the TB ACK. In addition, frequency resources for the TB ACK may be predefined, such that no additional signaling or information exchange is required for TB ACK frequency allocation. Accordingly, the proposed control frame structure of FIG. 8 further simplifies signaling procedures and reduces overhead while maintaining efficient and reliable coordinated transmission among multiple access points.
[0050] FIG. 9 illustrates an example scenario 900 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates another example control frame structure for CoBF or CoSR transmission in accordance with the present disclosure. In this example, CoBF or CoSR transmission is performed without being mixed with OFDMA transmission. Under the proposed scheme, the control frame may comprise a 64-bit common information field and a trigger-dependent user information field, wherein the trigger-dependent user information field may be organized using a fixed-length unit, such as a 32-bit unit. In some embodiments, per-user information may be transmitted sequentially in continuous trigger-dependent user information fields, with each unit corresponding to one user participating in the coordinated transmission. For example, as shown in a first option, per-user information may be concatenated without gaps when a plurality of user information does not require alignment. In another option, to maintain the trigger-dependent user information field aligned to a 32-bit unit, one or more reserved fields may be inserted at an end of the trigger-dependent user information field. Accordingly, a total number of for user information may vary depending on the total number of users involved in the CoBF or CoSR transmission. Furthermore, in embodiments where a TBBA or TB ACK mechanism is applied, a length of a TB ACK may be determined by a number of data symbols of the TB ACK. In addition, frequency resources for the TB ACK may be predefined, such that no additional signaling or information exchange is required for TB ACK frequency allocation. Accordingly, the proposed control frame structure of FIG. 9 provides a flexible and scalable signaling mechanism while reducing signaling overhead and improving efficiency and reliability of coordinated transmission among multiple access points.
[0051] FIG. 10 illustrates an example scenario 1000 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 10 illustrates another example control frame structure for CoBF or coordinated spatial reuse (CoSR) transmission in accordance with the present disclosure. In this example, the CoBF or CoSR transmission is performed without being mixed with OFDMA transmission. Under the proposed scheme, the control frame may comprise a 64-bit common information field, a special information field, and a trigger-dependent user information field. In some embodiments, when a total number of users participating in the coordinated transmission is two, one trigger-dependent user information field having a length of 40 bits is included in the control frame. When the total number of users is greater than two, two trigger-dependent user information fields are included in the control frame, and the total length of two trigger-dependent user information fields is 80 bits. The reserved field in the trigger-dependent user information field may be omitted, and per-user information may be transmitted sequentially according to an ordering (e.g., an ordering indicated by the control frame) . Accordingly, a total number of bits for user information may vary depending on the total number of users involved in the CoBF or CoSR transmission. Furthermore, in embodiments where a TBBA or TB ACK mechanism is applied, a length of the TB ACK may be determined by a number of data symbols of the TB ACK. In addition, frequency resources for the TB ACK may be determined by a PS160 indication and an 8-bit RU allocation. Accordingly, the control frame structure illustrated in FIG. 10 enables flexible per-user signaling while reducing signaling overhead and improving efficiency and reliability of coordinated transmission among multiple access points.
[0052] FIG. 11 illustrates an example scenario 1100 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 11 illustrates another example control frame structure for CoBF or CoSR transmission in accordance with the present disclosure, wherein the CoBF or CoSR transmission is performed in combination with OFDMA. Under the proposed scheme, the control frame may comprise a 64-bit common information field, a special information field, and a trigger-dependent user information field. In some embodiments, per-user information associated with the coordinated transmission may be transmitted sequentially in continuous trigger-dependent user information fields, as illustrated in a first option. In another embodiment, to maintain a fixed 40-bit unit for the trigger-dependent user information field, one or more reserved bits may be appended at the end of the field, as illustrated in a second option. Accordingly, a total number of bits for user information may vary depending on the total number of users participating in the CoBF or CoSR transmission. Furthermore, in embodiments where a TBBA or TB ACK mechanism is applied, a length of the TB ACK may be determined based on a number of data symbols of the TB ACK. In addition, frequency resources for the TB ACK may be determined based on a PS160 indication and an 8-bit RU allocation. Accordingly, the control frame structure illustrated in FIG. 11 enables flexible signaling for coordinated transmission mixed with OFDMA, while reducing signaling overhead and improving transmission efficiency and reliability in a multi-access point environment.
[0053] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scenario 1200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 12 illustrates another example control frame structure for CoBF or CoSR transmission in accordance with the present disclosure, wherein the CoBF or CoSR transmission is performed in combination with OFDMA. Under the proposed scheme, the control frame may include a 64-bit common information field and a trigger-dependent user information field, in which the trigger-dependent user information field is organized using a 32-bit unit. In some embodiments, per-user information associated with the coordinated transmission may be transmitted sequentially in continuous trigger-dependent user information fields, as illustrated in a first option. In another embodiment, to maintain the 32-bit unit structure of the trigger-dependent user information field, one or more reserved bits may be appended at the end of the field, as illustrated in a second option. Accordingly, a total number of bits for user information may vary depending on a total number of users participating in the CoBF or CoSR transmission. Furthermore, in embodiments where a TBBA or TB ACK mechanism is applied, a length of the TB ACK may be determined by a number of data symbols of the TB ACK. In addition, frequency resources for the TB ACK may be predefined, such that no additional signaling exchange is required for TB ACK resource configuration. Accordingly, the control frame structure illustrated in FIG. 12 enables flexible and scalable signaling for coordinated transmission mixed with OFDMA, while reducing signaling overhead and improving efficiency and reliability in coordinated multi-access point deployments.
[0054] FIG. 13 illustrates an example scenario 1300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, in which an existing trigger frame is reused with an additional multi-access point (MAP) indication to support coordinated MAP transmission. Under the proposed scheme, MAP transmission may be triggered by an existing trigger frame variant, such as a buffer status report poll (BSRP) , a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) , or other trigger frame types defined in IEEE 802.11 standards, while an additional MAP indication is used to further specify the MAP transmission type (also to referred to a coordinated transmission type) . Referring to part (A) of FIG. 13, a trigger frame may include a trigger type subfield together with an additional MAP-type subfield. The trigger type subfield may indicate a conventional trigger frame variant (e.g., BSRP or MU-RTS) , and the MAP-type subfield may be used to explicitly identify whether the triggered MAP transmission corresponds to CoBF, CoSR, or a non-MAP transmission. In some embodiments, the MAP-type subfield may comprise a 2-bit or 3-bit field to distinguish multiple MAP transmission modes. Referring to part (B) of FIG. 13, an example MAP-type encoding is illustrated, in which different values correspond to different MAP transmission types, such as Co-BF, Co-SR with enhanced high throughput (EHT) and ultra-high reliability (UHR) , Co-SR with EHT only, or a non-MAP transmission, while remaining values may be reserved for future use. This encoding allows MAP transmission modes to be flexibly extended without modifying the existing trigger type definitions. Referring to part (C) of FIG. 13, the MAP-type subfield may be interpreted in conjunction with the trigger type subfield to determine the MAP transmission behavior. By reusing existing trigger frame variants and augmenting them with a MAP-type indication, the proposed scheme avoids introducing a new trigger frame format while enabling explicit signaling of MAP transmission. Accordingly, backward compatibility with legacy trigger frames may be maintained, implementation complexity may be reduced, and efficient MAP coordination for CoBF and CoSR transmission may be achieved with minimal signaling overhead.
[0055] FIG. 14 illustrates an example trigger frame structure 1400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, which provides a CoBF or CoSR trigger frame design based on an option that preserves backward compatibility with existing high efficiency (HE) and extremely high throughput (EHT) stations. Under the proposed scheme, a common information field of the trigger frame may be kept unchanged relative to legacy trigger frame formats, so as to avoid unexpected behavior or misinterpretation by HE or EHT non-AP stations. In some embodiments, a guard interval (GI) and ultra-high reliability long training field (UHR-LTF) type field in the common information field may be repurposed to indicate a GI and LTF size configuration consistent with a multi-user physical layer protocol data unit (MU PPDU) , such as a MU PPDU GI+LTF size definition. By reusing an existing field semantics, the proposed trigger frame may convey CoBF or CoSR related PHY configuration without introducing new field definitions that could disrupt legacy processing. In some embodiments, a RU allocation field and an uplink (UL) target receive power field may be reserved when only full-bandwidth, non-orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (non-OFDMA) transmission is supported for CoBF and CoSR transmission. If partial bandwidth operation is supported, for example, in a UHR enhanced mode or a future WiFi standard, the RU allocation and UL target receive power fields may be used to support partial bandwidth CoBF or CoSR transmission. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a user information field of the trigger frame may be omitted or skipped for CoSR transmission, for example, per-user configuration is not required for spatial reuse coordination. Accordingly, the proposed trigger frame structure may flexibly support both CoBF and CoSR transmission while minimizing signaling overhead, maintaining compatibility with legacy HE / EHT stations, and enabling efficient evolution toward advanced UHR or partial-bandwidth MAP transmission scenarios.
[0056] FIG. 15 illustrates an example scenario 1500 under a proposed scheme for a CoBF or CoSR trigger frame in accordance with the present disclosure, corresponding to option 2, which is a variation of the trigger frame design illustrated in FIG. 14. Under the proposed scheme, instead of defining a new trigger type, an existing trigger frame variant, such as a buffer status report poll (BSRP) , may be reused to trigger a CoBF or CoSR transmission. In this embodiment, BSRP GI 3 (i.e., a BSRP with a GI value corresponding to GI type 3) is used as a trigger frame. In such a case, additional information related to GI duration and HE / UHR LTF size is required to correctly interpret the triggered CoBF or CoSR PPDU. In some embodiments, the additional GI and UHR-LTF information may be carried in a special information field of the trigger frame, rather than modifying the common information field, thereby maintaining compatibility with legacy HE and EHT stations and avoiding unexpected behavior. For example, a GI and HE / UHR-LTF size subfield may be included in the special information field to explicitly indicate the GI duration and HE / UHR-LTF size used for the triggered transmission. In this manner, the trigger frame may flexibly support CoBF or CoSR operations by reusing existing trigger frame mechanisms while providing sufficient signaling to configure the corresponding PPDU format. Accordingly, the proposed option enables efficient reuse of existing trigger frame variants with minimal additional signaling overhead, while preserving backward compatibility and supporting coordinated multi-access point transmission.
[0057] FIG. 16 illustrates an example scenario 1600 under a proposed scheme for a CoBF or CoSR trigger frame in accordance with the present disclosure, corresponding to option 3, which is a variation of the trigger frame designs illustrated in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15. Under the proposed scheme, instead of using the most significant bit (MSB) of a station identifier (STA ID) to indicate whether a user belongs to a sharing AP BSS or a shared AP BSS, an additional one-bit indication may be repurposed in a per-user information field of the trigger frame. In some embodiments, an existing bit field, such as a forward error correction (FEC) related bit or another reserved or optional bit within the per-user information field, may be reused to explicitly indicate the BSS association of the corresponding user. For example, a designated bit position (e.g., bit B20) may be interpreted such that a value of zero indicates that the user is associated with the sharing AP BSS, while a value of one indicates that the user is associated with the shared AP BSS. By introducing this explicit per-user BSS indication, the proposed scheme avoids overloading the STA ID MSB and provides clearer differentiation between users served by different APs in CoBF or CoSR transmissions. Accordingly, the trigger frame structure illustrated in FIG. 16 enables more flexible and explicit signaling of BSS affiliation on a per-user basis, while maintaining compatibility with existing trigger frame formats and minimizing additional signaling overhead. This design further improves robustness and extensibility of coordinated multi-AP transmission, especially in scenarios involving mixed sharing and shared AP users.
[0058] FIG. 17 illustrates an example scenario 1700 under a proposed scheme for a (CoBF or CoSR trigger frame in accordance with the present disclosure, corresponding to option 4, which is a variation of the trigger frame design illustrated in FIG. 15. Under the proposed scheme, a trigger frame based on a buffer status report poll (BSRP) format with GI3 configuration may be applied to implicitly indicate that no distributed resource unit (DRU) is used. In such a case, a DRU-related indication field, which would otherwise be unused, may be repurposed to convey a multi-access point (MAP) type indication. In some embodiments (such as option 4-1) , a multi-bit MAP-type subfield, such as a three-bit MAP-type field, may be employed to provide up to eight distinct MAP-type entries. These entries may collectively cover all supported CoBF and CoSR transmission modes. When such a three-bit MAP-type field is used, a separate shared AP physical layer (PHY) version field may be omitted, since the MAP-type field itself is sufficient to fully identify the coordinated transmission mode. In some other embodiments (such as option 4-2) , a reduced-size MAP-type subfield, such as a two-bit MAP-type field consistent with the MAP-type encoding described in previous figures, may be adopted. In this case, an additional shared AP PHY version field may be retained and used in conjunction with the MAP-type field to further distinguish between different CoSR modes, for example, differentiating among UHR–UHR, UHR–EHT, EHT–UHR, or EHT–EHT CoSR configurations. Accordingly, the trigger frame structure illustrated in FIG. 17 enables flexible reuse of existing indication fields to signal MAP-type information without introducing new overhead, while supporting multiple levels of MAP-type granularity. This design maintains backward compatibility with existing trigger frame formats and enhances signaling efficiency and extensibility for coordinated multi-AP CoBF and CoSR transmissions. Illustrative Implementations
[0059] FIG. 18 illustrates an example system 1800 having at least an example apparatus 1810 and an example apparatus 1820 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes, and methods described herein pertaining to coordinated MAP transmission, including CoBF and CoSR, as described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods. For instance, apparatus 1810 may be implemented in the first AP and apparatus 1820 may be implemented in the second AP or a non-AP station, or vice versa. The first AP may be a sharing AP and the second AP may be a shared AP.
[0060] Each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be an access point, a STA, or a network device capable of supporting coordinated multi-AP transmission, a non-AP STA or an AP STA, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented as an AP, apparatus 1810 or apparatus 1820 may be implemented in a wireless router, a WLAN access point, or a network controller. When implemented as a STA, apparatus 1820 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 1810 and / or apparatus 1820 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.
[0061] In some implementations, each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips, such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described herein, apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may be implemented as AP devices or non-AP STAs participating in coordinated multi-AP transmission. Each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 18 such as a processor 1812 and a processor 1822, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 are neither shown in FIG. 18 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0062] In one aspect, each of processor 1812 and processor 1822 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 1812 and processor 1822, each of processor 1812 and processor 1822 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1812 and processor 1822 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1812 and processor 1822 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to coordinated multi-access point transmission, such as coordinated beamforming (CoBF) and coordinated spatial reuse (CoSR) , in wireless communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0063] In some implementations, apparatus 1810 may also include a transceiver 1816 coupled to processor 1812. Transceiver 1816 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 1820 may also include a transceiver 1826 coupled to processor 1822. Transceiver 1826 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 1816 and transceiver 1826 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 1812 and processor 1822, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 1816 may be an integral part of processor 1812 as a system on chip (SoC) and / or transceiver 1826 may be an integral part of processor 1822 as a SoC.
[0064] In some implementations, apparatus 1810 may further include a memory 1814 coupled to processor 1812 and capable of being accessed by processor 1812 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 1820 may further include a memory 1824 coupled to processor 1822 and capable of being accessed by processor 1822 and storing data therein. Each of memory 1814 and memory 1824 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1814 and memory 1824 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1814 and memory 1824 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0065] Each of apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 1810, as first AP 110, and apparatus 1820, as second AP 120 or one or more non-AP stations, is provided below. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and / or technical features of apparatus 1820 is provided below, the same may be applied to apparatus 1810 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks.
[0066] Under various proposed schemes pertaining to coordinated multi-access point transmission, including CoBF and CoSR, in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure, with apparatus 1810 implemented in or as a first AP 110, and apparatus 1820 implemented in or as second AP 120 or one or more non-AP stations in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards, processor 1812 of apparatus 1810 may transmitting, via the transceiver 1816, a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field to a second AP (e.g. a shared AP) . Moreover, processor 1812 may transmit, via the transceiver 1816, a PPDU (e.g., CoBF PPDU or CoSR PPDU) corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station. The user information field is also referred to as the per-user information field. The user information field has 40 bits. The common information field has 64 bits.
[0067] In some implementations, the control frame comprises two basic service set (BSS) color indications, wherein the two basic service set (BSS) color indications comprise a first BSS color indication indicating a BSS color for the first AP and a second BSS color indication indicating a BSS color for the second AP. In some implementations, the common information field comprises a sharing AP BSS color field and a shared AP BSS color field, wherein the sharing AP BSS color field comprises the first BSS color indication and the shared AP BSS color field comprises the second BSS color indication. In some implementations, the control frame comprises an indication of a total number of users, and wherein the indication of the total number of users is used to define the sum of the number of stations associated with the first AP and the number of stations associated with the second AP. In some implementations, the control frame comprises an indication of a total number of users before per-user information. In some implementations, the at least one user information field comprises continuous user information fields, the continuous user information fields comprise a first portion corresponding to user entries of the first AP and a second portion corresponding to user entries of the second AP, wherein the first portion is a contiguous region, and the second portion is a contiguous region, the first portion is positioned before the second portion or the first portion is positioned after the second portion.
[0068] In some implementations, the at least one user information field comprises information of a plurality of users, the order of information of the plurality of users in the control frame is determined by arranging information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user across BSS domains participating in a coordinated transmission. With this arrangement, a user associated with a larger number of spatial streams is positioned ahead of a user associated with a smaller number of spatial streams. In some implementations, the arranging information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user is performed based on a spatial stream-allocation table following the downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) rule. In some implementations, the processor 1812 may determine an inter-BSS ordering by positioning a user information associated with a BSS having a largest spatial-stream count ahead of a user information associated with other BSS domains participating in the coordinated transmission. In some implementations, the processor 1812 may determine that an intra-BSS ordering comprises arranging the user information within the BSS by positioning a user having a larger spatial-stream count ahead of a user having a smaller spatial-stream count. The user information may comprise the AID of a station.
[0069] In some implementations, the coordinated transmission type indication is used to identify whether a coordinated transmission corresponds to a CoBF mode or a CoSR mode, and wherein the coordinated transmission type indication is used to distinguish distinct multi-AP transmission types. In some implementations, the control frame further comprises a shared-AP physical layer (PHY) -version field indicating a format of a coordinated communication PPDU transmitted by the second AP. In some implementations, the user information field of the control frame comprises a BSS-color indicator corresponding to a user to distinguish users associated with the first AP from users associated with the second AP. In some implementations, the user information field with a user AID comprises a BSS-color indicator corresponding to the user to distinguish whether the user is associated with the first AP or the second AP.
[0070] In some implementations, one user information field only has information of one user. In some implementations, one user information field has information of two users.
[0071] In some implementations, the control frame comprises a trigger-based acknowledgement (TB ACK) information comprising at least one of: a TB ACK length, a TB ACK resource unit (RU) allocation, a shared-AP transmit power, a target uplink receive power, and an uplink modulation-and-coding scheme for coordinated multi-AP uplink control. In some implementations, the TB ACK information is further carried in a downlink CoBF or CoSR PPDU triggered by the control frame.
[0072] In some implementations, the control frame is transmitted to the second AP and a UHR non-AP STA supporting an enhanced multi-link single-radio (eMLSR) operation. In some implementations, if the parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission are not included in the Common Info field of the BSRP trigger frame, the parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission are carried in the user Information field with an AID value corresponding to the second AP.
[0073] The processor 1822 of apparatus 1820 may receive, via the transceiver 1826, a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field from a first AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type. The processor 1822 of apparatus 1820 may transmit, via the transceiver 1826, a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station.
[0074] In some implementations, the at least one user information field comprises information of a plurality of users, the order of information of the plurality of users in the control frame is determined by arranging the information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user across BSS domains participating in a coordinated transmission. The processor 1822 of apparatus 1820 may determine a spatial stream allocation based on the order of the information of the plurality of users and a spatial stream-allocation table, wherein the spatial stream-allocation table represents the corresponding relationship between the order of the information of the plurality of users and the number of spatial streams of each user in the plurality of users under the total number of users participating in a coordinated transmission.
[0075] In some implementations, the processor 1822 (such as a processor of a non-AP STA) may operate in a coordinated multi-access point environment and may be associated with the first AP or the second AP. The non-AP STA may be a UHR non-AP STA supporting eMLSR operation. In some implementations, the processor 1822 may receive a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one information field, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication indicating a coordinated transmission type, and receive a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type. In some implementations, the processor 1822 (such as a processor of a non-AP STA) may transmit a trigger-based acknowledgement (TB ACK) in response to the PPDU, wherein the TB ACK is transmitted according to a TB-ACK information carried in the control frame. Illustrative Processes
[0076] FIG. 19 illustrates an example process 1900 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1900 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 1900 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to coordinated multi-access point transmission in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 1900 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1910 and 1920. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1900 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1900 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 19 or, alternatively in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1900 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 1900 may be implemented by or in apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820, as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 1900 is described below in the context of apparatus 1810 implemented in or as a first AP 110 and apparatus 1820 implemented in or as a second AP 120 or one or more non-AP stations in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of the IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 1900 may begin at block 1910.
[0077] At 1910, process 1900 may involve processor 1812 transmitting, via transceiver 1816, a control frame having a frame structure including a common information field and at least one per-user information field to a second AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, and wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type. Process 1900 may proceed from 1910 to 1920.
[0078] At 1920, process 1900 may involve processor 1812 transmitting, via the transceiver 1816, a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station.
[0079] In some implementations, the control frame may comprise two basic service set (BSS) color indications. Moreover, the BSS color indications may comprise a first BSS color indication indicating a BSS color for the first AP and a second BSS color indication indicating a BSS color for the second AP. In some implementations, the control frame may comprise an indication of a total number of users, and the indication of the total number of users is used to define the sum of the number of stations associated with the first AP and the number of stations associated with the second AP. In some implementations, the at least one user information field may comprise continuous user information fields, the continuous user information fields may comprise a first portion corresponding to user entries of the first AP and a second portion corresponding to user entries of the second AP. Moreover, the first portion is a contiguous region, and the second portion is a contiguous region. The first portion is positioned before the second portion or the first portion is positioned after the second portion. In some implementations, the at least one user information field may comprise information of a plurality of users, the order of information of the plurality of users in the control frame is determined by arranging information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user across BSS domains participating in a coordinated transmission.
[0080] In some implementations, the arranging information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user is performed based on a spatial stream-allocation table following the downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) rule. In some implementations, process 1900 may further involve processor 1812 determining an inter-BSS ordering by positioning a user information associated with a BSS having a largest spatial-stream count ahead of a user information associated with other BSS domains participating in the coordinated transmission. In some implementations, process 1900 may further involve processor 1812 determining an intra-BSS ordering that comprises arranging the user information within the BSS by positioning a user having a larger spatial-stream count ahead of a user having a smaller spatial-stream count. In some implementations, the coordinated transmission type indication is used to identify whether a coordinated transmission corresponds to a CoBF mode or a CoSR mode, and wherein the coordinated transmission type indication is used to distinguish distinct multi-AP transmission types. In some implementations, the control frame may further comprise a shared-AP physical layer (PHY) -version field indicating a format of a coordinated communication PPDU transmitted by the second AP. In some implementations, the user information field with a user AID may comprise a BSS-color indicator corresponding to the user to distinguish whether the user is associated with the first AP or the second AP. In some implementations, the control frame may comprise a trigger-based acknowledgement (TB ACK) information comprising at least one of: a TB ACK length, a TB ACK resource unit (RU) allocation, a shared-AP transmit power, a target uplink receive power, and an uplink modulation-and-coding scheme for coordinated multi-AP uplink control.
[0081] In some implementations, the TB ACK information is further carried in a downlink CoBF or CoSR PPDU triggered by the control frame. In some implementations, the control frame is transmitted to the second AP and a UHR non-AP STA supporting an enhanced multi-link single-radio (eMLSR) operation. In some implementations, the control frame is a BSRP trigger frame. The parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission triggered by the BSRP trigger frame may be included in the common information field of the BSRP trigger frame. In some implementations, if the parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission are not included in the Common Info field of the BSRP trigger frame, the parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission are carried in the user Information field with an AID value corresponding to the second AP. In some implementations, the common information field comprises a sharing AP BSS color field and a shared AP BSS color field. The sharing AP BSS color field comprises the first BSS color indication, and the shared AP BSS color field comprises the second BSS color indication. Accordingly, coordinated multi-access point transmission may be performed with improved ordering consistency, reduced signaling ambiguity, and enhanced transmission efficiency.
[0082] FIG. 20 illustrates an example process 2000 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 2000 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 2000 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to coordinated multi-access point transmission in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 2000 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 2010 and 2020. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 2000 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 2000 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 20 or, alternatively in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 2000 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 2000 may be implemented by or in apparatus 1810 and apparatus 1820 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 2000 is described below in the context of apparatus 1810 implemented in or as a first AP 110 and apparatus 1820 implemented in or as a second AP 120 or one or more non-AP stations in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of the IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 2000 may begin at block 2010.
[0083] At 2010, process 2000 may involve processor 1822 receiving, via transceiver 1826, a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field from a first AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, and wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type. Process 2000 may proceed from 2010 to 2020.
[0084] At 2020, process 2000 may involve processor 1822 transmitting, via the transceiver 1826, a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station.
[0085] In some implementations, the at least one user information field may comprise information of a plurality of users. The order of the plurality of users in the control frame is determined by arranging the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user across BSS domains participating in a coordinated transmission. Moreover, process 2000 may involve processor 1822 determining a spatial stream allocation based on the order of the plurality of users and a spatial stream-allocation table. Additionally, the spatial stream-allocation table represents the corresponding relationship between the order of the plurality of users and the number of spatial streams of each user in the plurality of users under the total number of users participating in a coordinated transmission. In some implementations, process 2000 may further involve processor 1822 obtaining, via the transceiver 1826, TB ACK information from the control frame. Moreover, the TB ACK information comprises at least one of: a TB ACK length, a TB ACK resource unit (RU) allocation, a shared-AP transmit power, a target uplink receive power, and an uplink modulation-and-coding scheme for coordinated multi-AP uplink control, and the PPDU triggered by the control frame comprises TB ACK information. Additional Notes
[0086] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0087] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0088] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0089] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method of coordinated multi-access point transmission, comprising:transmitting, by a first access point (AP) , a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field to a second AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type; andtransmitting, by the first AP, a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the control frame further comprises two basic service set (BSS) color indications, wherein the two basic service set (BSS) color indications comprise a first BSS color indication indicating a BSS color for the first AP and a second BSS color indication indicating a BSS color for the second AP.3.The method of Claim 1, wherein the control frame further comprises an indication of a total number of users, and wherein the indication of the total number of users is used to define the sum of the number of stations associated with the first AP and the number of stations associated with the second AP.4.The method of Claim 1, wherein the at least one user information field comprises continuous user information fields, the continuous user information fields comprise a first portion corresponding to user entries of the first AP and a second portion corresponding to user entries of the second AP, wherein the first portion is a contiguous region, and the second portion is a contiguous region, the first portion is positioned before the second portion or the first portion is positioned after the second portion.5.The method of Claim 1, wherein the at least one user information field comprises information of a plurality of users, the order of information of the plurality of users in the control frame is determined by arranging information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user across BSS domains participating in a coordinated transmission.6.The method of Claim 5, wherein the arranging information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user is performed based on a spatial stream-allocation table following downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) rule.7.The method of Claim 5, further comprising:determining, by the first AP, an inter-BSS ordering by positioning a user information associated with a BSS having a largest spatial-stream count ahead of a user information associated with other BSS domains participating in the coordinated transmission.8.The method of Claim 6, further comprising:determining, by the first AP, an intra-BSS ordering comprises arranging the user information within the BSS by positioning a user having a larger spatial-stream count ahead of a user having a smaller spatial-stream count.9.The method of Claim 1, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication is used to identify whether a coordinated transmission corresponds to a CoBF mode or a CoSR mode, and wherein the coordinated transmission type indication is used to distinguish distinct multi-AP transmission types.10.The method of Claim 1, wherein the control frame further comprises a shared-AP physical layer (PHY) -version field indicating a format of a coordinated communication PPDU transmitted by the second AP.11.The method of Claim 1, wherein a user information field with a user AID comprises a BSS-color indicator corresponding to the user to distinguish whether the user is associated with the first AP or the second AP.12.The method of Claim 1, wherein the control frame comprises a trigger-based acknowledgement (TB ACK) information comprising at least one of: a TB ACK length, a TB ACK resource unit (RU) allocation, a shared-AP transmit power, a target uplink receive power, and an uplink modulation-and-coding scheme for coordinated multi-AP uplink control.13.The method of Claim 12, wherein the TB ACK information is further carried in a downlink CoBF or CoSR PPDU triggered by the control frame.14.The method of Claim 1, wherein the control frame is transmitted to the second AP and a UHR non-AP STA supporting an enhanced multi-link single-radio (eMLSR) operation.15.The method of Claim 1, wherein the control frame is a BSRP trigger frame, the parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission triggered by the BSRP trigger frame is included in the common information field of the BSRP trigger frame.16.The method of Claim 15, wherein:if the parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission are not included in the common information field of the BSRP trigger frame, the parameters needed for a CoBF PPDU transmission are carried in user Information field with an AID value corresponding to the second AP.17.An apparatus implementable in an access point (AP) , comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising:transmitting, via the transceiver, a control frame having a frame structure comprising a 64-bit common information field and at least one user information field to a second AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type; andtransmitting, via the transceiver, a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type.18.A method of coordinated multi-access point transmission, comprising:receiving, by a second access point (AP) , a control frame having a frame structure comprising a common information field and at least one user information field from a first AP, wherein the control frame comprises a coordinated transmission type indication, wherein the coordinated transmission type indication indicates a coordinated transmission type;transmitting, by the second AP, a PPDU corresponding to the coordinated transmission type to at least one station.19.The method of Claim 18, wherein the at least one user information field comprises information of a plurality of users, the order of information of the plurality of users in the control frame is determined by arranging information of the plurality of users in a non-increasing sequence of the number of spatial streams assigned to each user across BSS domains participating in a coordinated transmission; further comprising:determining, by the second AP, a spatial stream allocation based on the order of information of the plurality of users and a spatial stream-allocation table, wherein the spatial stream-allocation table represents the corresponding relationship between the order of information of the plurality of users and the number of spatial streams of each user in the plurality of users under the total number of users participating in a coordinated transmission.20.The method of Claim 18, further comprising:obtaining, by the second AP, TB ACK information from the control frame, wherein the TB ACK information comprises at least one of: a TB ACK length, a TB ACK resource unit (RU) allocation, a shared-AP transmit power, a target uplink receive power, and an uplink modulation-and-coding scheme for coordinated multi-AP uplink control, wherein the PPDU triggered by the control frame comprises TB ACK information and the second AP is the shared AP.