Recessed lighting HVAC environmental control systems and methods

Abstract

A recessed lighting HVAC environmental control system is disclosed that integrates airflow distribution and optional environmental sensing, processing, and communication functions within a recessed lighting form factor. Each system may operate at an individual room or zone level as a localized HVAC airflow-control vent configured to regulate supply or return air and / or as an enhanced smart vent incorporating sensing, processing, and connectivity features. When deployed across multiple rooms or zones, a plurality of the systems may form a distributed network of environmental control nodes configured to manage airflow and related environmental conditions on a localized basis. The system architecture supports deployment with varying levels of functionality, ranging from basic airflow regulation to expanded environmental control and automation capabilities enabled through optional hardware, software, and communication features.

Description

Recessed Lighting HVAC Environmental Control Systems and Methods CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This is a Non-Provisional U.S. Patent Application filed under 35 U.S.C. 111(a). A priority claim is made to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 741,271, filed 01 / 02 / 2025, which is incorporated in its entirety by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] There are two interrelated sides to the global electricity dilemma: electricity supply and electricity demand. The supply side is tasked with meeting ever-increasing demand for affordable, reliable, and clean electricity through resource-intensive generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure that is inherently constrained by physical, economic, political, global trade, skilled labor, and environmental limitations. The demand side comprises a continuously evolving mix of residential, commercial, and industrial consumers whose electricity usage continues to expand in scale, intensity, and variability. Maintaining equilibrium between supply and demand requires avoiding both consumer-harming shortages and costly and inefficient overproduction, a balancing act that has become increasingly complex and prone to systemic inefficiencies and vulnerabilities.

[0003] This challenge has been further exacerbated by the rapid deployment of variable renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind; widespread electrification trends, including electric vehicles and heat-pump-based heating systems for residential, commercial, and industrial applications; and the emergence of new, energy-intensive industries such as large-scale data centers, artificial intelligence computing, blockchain technologies, and advanced robotics. Collectively, these developments increase themagnitude, variability, and unpredictability of electrical demand, placing significant strain on existing electrical infrastructure, grid-expansion efforts, and grid-management and planning strategies.

[0004] As electricity supply-side expansion faces increasing infrastructure, regulatory, economic, and environmental headwinds, there exists a complementary opportunity to ease demand-side pressure by introducing targeted energy-efficiency improvements to some of the most electricity-intensive aspects of everyday life. By adopting a more holistic approach rather than relying solely on continued increases in generation and transmission capacity, greater emphasis can be placed on developing and deploying technologies that reduce energy consumption directly at the point of use. To achieve meaningful and scalable reductions in overall electricity demand, such solutions must focus on domestic systems and fixtures that account for a substantial share of residential energy consumption.

[0005] To sustain continued technological, economic, environmental, and quality-of-life progress, solutions must address both sides of the energy equation concurrently. In this context, there exists a significant and underutilized opportunity on the demand side: reducing unnecessary electricity consumption through improved energy efficiency across tens of millions of residential homes worldwide, including apartments, condominiums, and houses, while simultaneously enhancing occupant comfort. In particular, there is an unaddressed opportunity to optimize energy use at the point of consumption by adopting and integrating advanced building thermal management systems. Such systems can meaningfully reduce demand-side strain on the electrical grid while lowering consumer energy usage, tailoring environmental comfort at the room or zone level, and enabling anexpandable, evolving smart-home platform capable of adapting to future technologies and changing occupant needs.

[0006] One of the most significant and frequently overlooked consumer-level energy loads is residential heating and air conditioning. According to data published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the U.S. residential sector consumed approximately 2,651 trillion BTUs of energy in 2022, accounting for about 28% of total U.S. energy consumption, exceeding that of the transportation sector. Of this residential energy usage, heating and cooling systems accounted for an estimated 1,352 trillion BTUs, making HVAC systems one of the most significant single contributors to residential energy demand.

[0007] This substantial energy burden arises in part because maintaining indoor thermal comfort is a non-discretionary necessity during periods of extreme heat and cold. As a result, strategies that rely on reducing usage through behavioral change or imposed restrictions, often referred to as demand shaping, face practical and adoption-related limitations. A more effective and scalable approach is to improve the efficiency, adaptability, and intelligence of residential HVAC systems themselves. By expanding the operational capabilities of central HVAC infrastructure through advanced control, sensing, and distribution technologies, it is possible to achieve meaningful reductions in energy consumption and grid demand while preserving or enhancing occupant comfort.

[0008] Space heating and air conditioning account for the largest share of residential energy consumption, representing more than half of a household’s annual energy use (approximately 51% as of 2015). Studies and field implementations in commercial office buildings have demonstrated that the strategic deployment of integrated room-occupancyand temperature sensors, when combined with adaptive HVAC airflow control and management systems, can significantly reduce heating and cooling energy consumption. For example, data reported by Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) indicate that such systems have achieved average energy reductions of approximately 40% in certain office environments.

[0009] Despite demonstrated efficiencies in commercial settings, comparable residential solutions remain limited or impractical due to cost, installation complexity, and incompatibility with existing home HVAC infrastructure. Given the scale of the residential market, comprising approximately 142 million homes in the United States alone, there exists a substantial and unmet opportunity to develop residential-specific HVAC airflow control and sensing systems capable of delivering similar or greater energy savings while remaining economically accessible, minimally invasive, and suitable for widespread consumer adoption.

[0010] Residential environments and the personal spaces within them are closely associated with comfort, privacy, and daily well-being. Accordingly, energy-efficiency technologies intended for consumer adoption must operate in a manner that preserves, and preferably enhances, these qualities rather than diminishing them. Behavioral change alone has proven to be an unreliable mechanism for achieving sustained energy reductions in residential settings, as many usage patterns are deeply ingrained or driven by non-discretionary comfort needs. Therefore, consumer-level energy-reducing technologies are most effective when they are designed for seamless integration into existing living environments, operate unobtrusively, and deliver tangible benefits without requiring active intervention, lifestyle modification, or ongoing user management.Systems that align with natural occupant behavior and expectations and enhance personal living environments are more likely to achieve broad adoption and deliver sustained, long-term impact.DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

[0011] Traditional residential centralized HVAC systems typically rely on one or a small number of centralized thermostats that provide predominantly binary on / off control of heating and cooling cycles. Conditioned air is distributed through ductwork that terminates at passive, non-intelligent vents or registers. This architecture results in largely indiscriminate delivery of HVAC air into rooms and zones, which frequently leads to inefficient energy usage, uneven thermal distribution, and reduced occupant comfort. Owing to historical limitations in technology, cost, and system complexity, residential HVAC airflow distribution has seen limited innovation, and these inefficiencies have largely persisted as the prevailing standard. Recent advances in design methodologies, electronics, sensing technologies, control systems, networking, and manufacturing capabilities now present an opportunity to develop economical, scalable, and consumer-accessible solutions that can fundamentally improve residential HVAC airflow management, comfort, and energy efficiency.

[0012] While certain emerging products seek to address selected inefficiencies of conventional residential HVAC systems, many such solutions lack features that are critical to achieving both effective airflow control and acceptable in-room integration. For example, some commercially available smart vent products do not incorporate recessed airflow dampers, instead positioning damper elements at or near the vent outlet. The absence of recessed dampers introduces several limitations.

[0013] First, the location of a damper within the airflow path directly affects airflow interaction and acoustic performance. Dampers positioned deeper within a vent assembly reduce turbulence at the outlet interface, thereby lowering airflow-induced noise and enabling quieter operation during HVAC cycles. Second, recessed dampers are concealed from direct view within the vent structure, improving visual aesthetics by eliminating exposed moving components and preserving a clean, unobtrusive appearance within the occupied space. Accordingly, recessed damper configurations offer meaningful acoustic and aesthetic advantages over vent systems that employ surface-level or exposed damper mechanisms.

[0014] Another limitation associated with certain existing or recently developed vent systems incorporating integrated dampers is their reliance on battery power. Battery-powered configurations require periodic manual battery replacement or charging and impose practical constraints on the types, quantities, and duty cycles of energyconsuming features that can be supported. These power constraints limit the feasibility of incorporating advanced sensing, communication, processing, or expansion capabilities within the vent system.

[0015] For a vent system to function as a durable, multifunctional component in modern residential or commercial environments, it is advantageous to incorporate a stable, continuous power source. Leveraging existing building electrical infrastructure, such as electrical power supplied to recessed ceiling lighting fixtures, can enable enhanced functionality, greater expandability, reduced maintenance requirements, and improved long-term operational reliability, while remaining compatible with established recessed lighting installation practices.

[0016] Finally, many existing vent-based systems are designed to follow the same fixed vent-location schemes as conventional passive HVAC vents. This legacy constraint limits the ability to implement fine-grained, targeted zoning, which is necessary for precise temperature regulation and improved occupant comfort at room and sub-room zone levels. Systems that lack the ability to redistribute, augment, or increase vent placement remain constrained in their capacity to account for localized thermal variations, occupancy patterns, or changing room usage. As a result, such systems are inherently limited in their ability to provide true zone-level or multi-zone thermal control within residential environments.

[0017] U.S. Patent No. US11035568B1 discloses a combined light fixture and HVAC vent device in which conditioned air may be emitted in proximity to a lighting element. While this reference recognizes the physical co-location of illumination and HVAC airflow, it is limited to passive air delivery and does not disclose or suggest active, adaptive, or zone-specific airflow control. In particular, the reference lacks disclosure of an airflowmodulating damper, an airflow-control mechanism, or a sensor-driven control architecture configured to dynamically regulate, balance, or optimize airflow at a room, zone, or building level. As a result, the system described in US11035568B1 functions in a manner analogous to conventional fixed-volume HVAC vents and does not address the challenges posed by variable thermal loads, changing occupancy conditions, or uneven room-to-room airflow distribution. Consequently, the reference does not provide a solution for reducing HVAC-related energy inefficiencies or improving occupant comfort beyond what is achievable with traditional passive vent configurations in residential or smallbuilding environments.

[0018] Alternatively, industry-standard Variable Air Volume (VAV) control systems employ duct-mounted dampers positioned upstream within the HVAC ductwork rather than being integrated into individual vents. Such systems are capable of providing room-to-room or zone-to-zone airflow modulation and are commonly deployed in commercial office buildings and large industrial facilities. While effective in those environments, these duct-level VAV systems are generally cost-prohibitive, physically invasive, and operationally complex to install or retrofit in conventional residential structures. Consequently, they are impractical for consumer-level applications, where affordability, minimal disruption, scalability, and compatibility with existing residential HVAC infrastructure are critical requirements.

[0019] Unbalanced room-to-room airflow, in which certain rooms within a residence or building heat or cool more rapidly or experience greater temperature extremes than others, arises from a combination of dynamic, location-specific factors that conventional fixed-air-volume HVAC delivery systems are unable to adequately compensate for. During the design of new homes or the retrofit of existing HVAC systems, even advanced central HVAC engineering tools and sizing methodologies typically rely on averaged heating and cooling load calculations across the structure as a whole. This averagingbased approach results in uniform airflow rates (CFM), standardized duct sizing, and consistent in-room vent configurations distributed throughout the building, with little or no capability to adapt to the continuously changing thermal characteristics, occupancy patterns, or environmental conditions unique to individual rooms or zones.

[0020] Such conventional averaging-based HVAC design approaches inherently limit a system’s ability to respond to continuously changing thermal conditions acrossindividual rooms or zones within a residence or building. By failing to account for the unique, localized, and time-varying thermal characteristics of individual spaces, these primitive fixed-air-volume HVAC systems are constrained in their ability to achieve or sustain optimal energy efficiency and occupant comfort. These limitations are further influenced, and often compounded, by a variety of dynamic factors, including but not limited to:a) variations in window count, window type, glazing characteristics, and shading, which significantly influence thermal gain and loss;b) differences between exterior-facing wall surfaces and interior wall exposures, which alter heat transfer rates and thermal inertia;c) room orientation relative to the sun (e.g., east-facing versus west-facing), which creates predictable yet time-dependent temperature disparities; andd) dynamic and transient conditions such as door openings and closures, occupant presence or absence, internal heat-generating activities or appliances (e.g., showers, dryers, stoves, electronics), and the intended use of a space, such as a workout room versus a child’s nursery, each of which imposes distinct thermal demands.

[0021] The absence of individualized, room-to-room and zone-to-zone temperature control in conventional residential HVAC systems has long limited the ability to accommodate differing occupant comfort preferences. Within a household, occupants may use distinct rooms or zones as workspaces, living areas, or personal environments, each of which may be associated with different preferred temperature ranges. These preferences frequently vary among occupants, with some favoring warmer conditions andothers cooler conditions. Ideally, the thermal conditions within an occupied room or zone would be adjustable to reflect the preferences of the primary occupant at a given time, rather than being dictated by a single centralized control point.

[0022] Conventional residential HVAC systems typically rely on one or a limited number of centralized thermostats and controllers to regulate thermal conditions throughout an entire household. This centralized sensing and control architecture leaves the system largely unaware of temperature, occupancy, and environmental conditions in individual rooms or zones. As a result, the system is unable to dynamically respond to localized variations, often leading to inefficient airflow distribution, unnecessary energy consumption, and reduced occupant comfort due to over-conditioning / heating or under-conditioning / heating of specific spaces.

[0023] Another limitation of conventional residential HVAC systems is their inability to automatically reduce, redirect, or suspend airflow to unoccupied or infrequently occupied rooms or zones. In the absence of room-level sensing and control, conditioned air continues to be delivered to these spaces regardless of actual usage. As a result, the system cannot systematically minimize heating or cooling in unoccupied areas, leading to unnecessary and ongoing parasitic energy consumption and reduced overall system efficiency.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The invention disclosed herein, including all embodiments, variations, and implementations described in this specification, may be referred to collectively and non-exclusively as “SMARTair.” The term “SMARTair” is used solely for convenience of reference to identify and distinguish the disclosed recessed-lighting-integrated HVACairflow-control embodiment(s) and recessed-lighting-integrated HVAC smart-vent embodiment(s) from prior systems. Use of the term “SMARTair” does not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims and may encompass alternative names, configurations, or implementations consistent with the present disclosure.

[0025] The SMARTair system embodies the primary functions, features, embodiments, and operational concepts of the present invention. The novelty of the invention resides in the integration of a distributed lighting system with an active HVAC vent system within a recessed-lighting form factor, thereby enabling combined illumination, HVAC airflow, and environmental functionality to be delivered from a single, architecturally discreet fixture compatible with existing building infrastructure and installation schemes.

[0026] Additional novelty is provided through the optional inclusion of at least one processing component configured to receive input data from one or more sensors, execute control logic, and manage communications with other devices or systems. When present, this architecture enables the SMARTair system to support expanded functionality, including environmental, thermal, illumination, and occupancy sensing, as well as coordination with external control platforms, thereby facilitating adaptive operation, intelligent scheduling, personalized environmental conditioning, and energy optimization beyond what is achievable with conventional lighting fixtures, passive HVAC vents, or other currently available single-function solutions.

[0027] To substantially reduce HVAC-related energy consumption while improving room-to-room occupant comfort, the SMARTair system provides a multipurpose smart vent solution configured to enhance air distribution at the room and zone levels withincentral HVAC systems. The SMARTair system is derived from the integration of two widely deployed household fixtures, a recessed lighting fixture and an HVAC air register, combined with an automated, variable-air-volume (VAV)-like airflow modulation mechanism into a single, distributed unit that is compatible with existing building infrastructure and installation practices.

[0028] Although applicable to a range of building types, the SMARTair system is particularly well suited for residential and small-office environments, which present unique challenges and opportunities that are not adequately addressed by conventional centralized HVAC architectures or commercial-grade zoning systems, for the following reasons, without limitation:

[0029] Lack of Affordable Residential Solutions. While industry-established duct-level damper and zoning systems can provide room-to-room or zone-to-zone HVAC airflow control in commercial offices and large industrial buildings, such systems are typically cost-prohibitive, invasive, and complex to install or retrofit in traditional residential structures. As a result, few comparable airflow-control solutions exist that are suitable for residential houses, apartments, condominiums, duplexes, or small offices, where affordability, ease of installation, and compatibility with existing infrastructure are essential.

[0030] Greater Energy-Saving Potential in Residential Spaces. Measured by total conditioned square footage, the residential housing sector presents significantly greater potential for consumer-level energy savings than the commercial office sector. For example, in 2018 there were approximately 244 billion square feet of residential housing in the United States, compared to approximately 90 billion square feet of office space,indicating a substantially larger opportunity for demand-side energy optimization in residential environments.

[0031] Lower Occupancy Density of Homes. Residential buildings generally exhibit lower occupant-to-square-foot ratios than commercial offices. As a result, heating and cooling energy is frequently expended on unoccupied or lightly occupied rooms or zones, leading to inefficiencies that centralized HVAC systems are poorly equipped to mitigate.

[0032] Unbalanced Room-to-Room Airflow. In conventional residential HVAC systems, some rooms heat or cool more rapidly, or experience greater temperature extremes, than others due to factors that fixed-air-volume delivery architectures cannot dynamically compensate for. Even advanced HVAC design and sizing methodologies rely on averaged heating and cooling load calculations, resulting in averaged airflow rates (CFM), standardized duct sizing, and uniform vent configurations. These averaging compromises prevent effective adaptation to changing thermal conditions and occupant usage patterns, yielding sub-optimal comfort and efficiency across the household.

[0033] Inability to Account for Room-Specific Thermal Characteristics. Conventional residential HVAC systems are not equipped to dynamically compensate for room-specific thermal factors, including but not limited to window quantity and glazing type, exterior versus interior wall exposure, room orientation relative to solar gain, time-of-day effects, door position, occupancy level, incidental heat sources (e.g., appliances or electronics), or intended room use (e.g., a workout room versus a nursery). These factors introduce localized and time-varying thermal demands that centralized systems cannot adequately address.

[0034] Lack of Individual Occupant Preference Control. Household occupants often desire personalized thermal environments tailored to their individual comfort preferences, which may vary significantly between occupants and over time. Conventional residential HVAC systems typically rely on only one or a limited number of centralized thermostats to regulate thermal conditions throughout an entire dwelling. This centralized control approach leaves the system unaware of conditions and preferences in individual rooms or zones, resulting in inefficient energy use, reduced occupant comfort, and an inability to dynamically tailor thermal conditions to individual occupant preferences.

[0035] Unoccupied or Infrequently Occupied Rooms. Conventional residential HVAC systems generally continue supplying conditioned air to rooms regardless of occupancy unless vents are manually adjusted or closed. In the absence of automated, room-level sensing and control, heating or cooling is unnecessarily applied to unoccupied or infrequently occupied spaces, leading to parasitic energy consumption and reduced overall system efficiency. A distributed and intelligent system, such as SMARTair, can identify unused or underutilized rooms or zones and automatically reduce, redirect, or suspend airflow to those spaces, thereby conserving energy while maintaining comfort in occupied areas.

[0036] The present SMARTair system invention aims to overcome the limitations of conventional centralized HVAC systems. Accordingly, the objects of the invention include, but are not limited to, providing a system that:a) reduces HVAC-related energy inefficiencies and improves occupant comfort by intelligently adapting to continuously changing, room-specific and zone-specific environmental conditions;b) recognizes and responds to the differing thermal characteristics of individual rooms or zones, including variations caused by seasonal and regional climate conditions, household size and composition, occupant habits and usage patterns, and the unique physical and thermal properties of each space;c) compensates for these environmental differences by autonomously and unobtrusively regulating the distribution of central HVAC airflow delivered to individual rooms or zones, thereby achieving desired comfort levels with reduced overall HVAC energy consumption;d) provides a multipurpose, distributed vent architecture compatible with existing residential and small-office HVAC infrastructure, enabling economical installation or retrofit without requiring substantial redesign or modification of existing ductwork or system components;e) integrates recessed lighting, airflow distribution, and environmental sensing within a single modular and expandable architecture capable of supporting additional smart-home devices, features, and services;f) enhances user experience, acoustic performance, and visual aesthetics by employing recessed airflow-control components, including concealed dampers, to reduce airflow-induced noise and minimize visible mechanical elements within occupied spaces; andg) improves room-to-room and zone-to-zone airflow balance, reduces parasitic energy consumption in unoccupied or low-priority spaces, and accommodates individualized occupant temperature preferences throughout a dwelling or building.

[0037] In certain embodiments, the SMARTair system may comprise one or more of the following features and capabilities, without limitation:a) Intelligent, adaptive, and distributed HVAC vent networking: A plurality of SMARTair units deployed throughout a home or building and configured to operate cooperatively as a distributed network, digitally mapping and tracking detailed thermal and environmental properties of individual rooms, zones, or portions thereof, and coordinating airflow outputs to achieve localized and whole-building thermal optimization.b) Environmental sensors: Active or passive sensing devices integrated within, attached to, or in communication with SMARTair units, including but not limited to temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), air-quality, occupancy, motion, infrared (IR), LiDAR, SoNAR, acoustic, light, or biometric sensors, configured to provide real-time environmental data for mapping, scheduling, and control functions.c) Intelligent scheduling: Adaptive scheduling logic configured to control illumination output, HVAC airflow, temperature distribution, or combinations thereof, based on occupancy patterns, sensed environmental conditions, time-of-day, learned behaviors, or user-defined preferences.d) Hub functionality: A centralized, distributed, or hybrid hub component configured to serve as a control and integration platform for the SMARTair system, including aggregating sensor data, executing control algorithms, issuing commands to SMARTair units, communicating with cloud-based services or applications, and optionally serving as, or interfacing with, a user interface (III).e) User interface (Ul) capability: Local or remote user interaction via integrated displays, wall-mounted controllers, mobile or desktop applications, voice assistants, cloud-based platforms, or building management system (BMS) interfaces.f) Modular and expandable architecture: Support for hardware and / or software addons, including additional sensors, communication modules, interfaces, AV equipment or future smart-home devices and services, without requiring substantial redesign or modification of the core SMARTair system.g) Air ducting adapter and splitter systems: Retrofit adapters or splitter assemblies configured to adapt existing ductwork, originally designed for a fixed number or arrangement of vents, to support a greater number or alternative configurations of SMARTair units without substantial modification to the duct system.h) Desired thermal property optimization: Control logic configured to reduce or prevent hot spots, cold spots, and unwanted thermal gradients by regulating airflow through individual SMARTair units or coordinated networks of interconnected units.i) Occupant preference control: Capability to tailor thermal conditions of specific rooms or zones based on preferences associated with individual occupants or groups of occupants, enabling personalized comfort within multi-occupant households or buildings.j) Unoccupied-space energy reduction: Logic configured to reduce, redirect, or suspend heating and / or cooling in unoccupied or infrequently used rooms or zones, thereby reducing parasitic energy consumption.k) Integration with external systems: Compatibility with third-party systems, including smart thermostats, mobile applications, voice assistants, Internet of Things (loT) platforms, and building management systems, to enable interoperability, smart scheduling, monitoring, and remote management.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the SMARTair system and its components. The drawings are provided to aid understanding of the structure, operation, and relationships among the various elements of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale or proportion. The components depicted in the figures are schematic representations and do not necessarily correspond to any particular brand, model, or manufacturing configuration of a SMARTair unit. The relative positions and shapes of components are illustrative and may vary between implementations.

[0039] The functions performed by each component, as described in connection with the drawings, generally represent the primary functions intended to be carried out by such components across all SMARTair models, variations, and design iterations. Equivalent or functionally similar elements may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0040] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of a SMARTair recessed light and HVAC airflow-control vent system. The system is shown installed with portions of the assembly visible in an underside region 101 below a ceiling 102, and with a majority of the assembly extending into an above-ceiling space 103 in a recessed lighting form factor. The system includes an outer air distributor can 106 supported by amounting system 107 secured to the ceiling 102. A diffuser lip 109 and a top diffuser lip 108 are positioned at a room-facing end of the assembly and together define an air outlet 110. The air outlet 110 is configured to allow supply air and / or exhaust air to pass between the SMARTair system and the room or zone, depending on system configuration and mode of operation.

[0041] FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of a SMARTair system as viewed from the underside region below the ceiling 102. The figure illustrates the diffuser lip 109 and top diffuser lip 108, which together define the air outlet 110 through which supply air and / or exhaust air is delivered into or drawn from the room or zone. An example expansion port 114 is shown positioned around a light socket or illumination interface and may provide standardized mechanical, electrical, or communication connections for add-on hardware modules or auxiliary components. One or more environmental sensors 115 are positioned around the assembly and configured to detect thermal, environmental, occupancy, air-quality, or other conditions within the room or zone. The arrangement shown in FIG. 2 illustrates the recessed appearance, room-facing interfaces, and airflow-delivery geometry of the SMARTair system as visible from within an occupied space.

[0042] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative embodiment of the SMARTair system installed within a ceiling structure. Conditioned air is conveyed from an HVAC duct or duct system 104 into an above-ceiling region 103 and into an air distribution receptacle 105 operatively coupled to the SMARTair system. From the air distribution receptacle 105, airflow proceeds into the outer air distributor can 106, within which an airflow-modulating damper 112 may be positioned to regulate airflow characteristics,including volume, velocity, or direction, of supply air and / or exhaust air 111 exchanged with the room or zone. In the illustrated embodiment, the damper 112 is shown in a partially closed position to reduce volumetric airflow through the airflow passage. One or more environmental sensors 115 may be positioned within the assembly and oriented toward the room-facing side to monitor thermal, environmental, occupancy, air-quality, or other conditions within the room or zone. An expansion port 114 may provide standardized mechanical, electrical, or communication interfaces for optional add-on hardware modules, auxiliary components, or integrated devices. A light bulb or illumination element 113 is shown recessed within a lower portion of the assembly and housed within the inner light fixture can. Air exchanged between the SMARTair system and the room or zone exits or enters the system through an air outlet defined by a diffuser lip 109 and a top diffuser lip, distributing airflow between the assembly and an underside region below the ceiling in accordance with the configured operating mode.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0043] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to various illustrative embodiments. These embodiments are provided to convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art and to satisfy applicable legal requirements, and are not intended to limit the invention, which may be embodied in many different forms as defined by the claims.

[0044] Unless expressly recited in the claims, features relating to sensing, intelligence, networking, predictive control, scheduling, multi-unit coordination, or system-level optimization are optional and may be omitted in certain embodiments of the SMARTair system.

[0045] All embodiments, features, and capabilities described herein, including sensing, processing, networking, intelligent scheduling, predictive control, add-on modules, and auxiliary functions, are optional extensions of a SMARTair system architecture and share a single general inventive concept arising from that architecture, and therefore do not constitute separate or distinct inventions.

[0046] Unless expressly stated otherwise, any add-on modules or devices, auxiliary devices, accessories, or example hardware components described herein as being attachable, connectable, optional, or modular may alternatively be integrated, embedded, or built into the SMARTair system as part of a single-unit or multi-unit embodiment, including embodiments in which such components are manufactured as part of a unified housing or assembly. All such implementations are considered functionally and structurally equivalent and are within the scope of the invention.

[0047] As used in the specification and in the appended claims:a) The term “SMARTair” may also be referred to, individually or collectively, as “the invention,” “the system,” “the device,” “the HVAC vent,” or similar terms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.b) The singular forms "a", "an", and "the", include plural referents (“one or more”) unless the context clearly dictates otherwise; Such “one or more” meanings are most especially intended when references are made in conjunction with open- ended words such as “having,” “comprising”, or “including.”c) The use of “and” and “or” does not explicitly mean in addition to or alternatively, but is implied to include both the additive and alternative forms of the term implemented in the text to enhance the readability of the document.d) The use of “at least” and “one or more” implies that it is not limited to a singular. e) The use of “to”, “on”, “in” or “through” a component or embodiment of the system implies the substitution of these prepositions. For example, “to” may also cover a “through” application.f) “via” encompasses and is intended to include the meanings of “on” and “through” something, as well as “by means of,” “using,” and “utilizing.”g) As used herein, the term “airflow-control vent” refers to a Recessed Lighting HVAC Environmental Control System embodiment configured to regulate HVAC airflow through mechanical means, while the term “smart vent” refers to a Recessed Lighting HVAC Environmental Control System embodiment that includes one or more sensing, processing, communication, or intelligent control features.h) “Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system,” “HVAC system,” or “HVAC” refers to the use of one or more technologies configured to control temperature, humidity, or air purity in a building, its rooms, or zones. An HVAC system is used to provide thermal comfort and / or acceptable indoor air quality within an enclosed space, whether semi-enclosed or fully enclosed. An HVAC system may provide, but is not limited to, cooling, heating, humidity control, air purification, air circulation, or air distribution within a zone, a room, multiple rooms, or an entire building. For this disclosure, an HVAC system is defined as performing at least one of these functions. The most common HVAC variant for which the SMARTair system is intended is a forced-air central distribution system, wherein HVAC air travels through a plurality of ducts to a plurality of vents. Each vent may supply conditioned HVAC air into a space, room, or zone, or return air from the space,room, or zone back into the HVAC system for reconditioning, circulation, or exhaust.i) “Recessed” refers to a system or assembly installed at least partially within a hollow opening or cavity of a building surface, including a ceiling, wall, or floor, or configured to be installed in, through, or partially through a building surface, such that a majority of the housing or body is positioned within or beyond a plane of an interior-facing surface of the building surface and concealed from view from within an intended room served by the system or assembly. In a recessed configuration, only exposed interface components, including but not limited to trim components (such as a baffle, reflector, decorative ring, or bezel), air diffuser(s), lighting element(s), and / or sensor(s), are exposed to or perceivable from within the room. A recessed installation is intended to be minimally intrusive into the occupied environment, offering a relatively sleek or flush appearance that integrates airflow control, lighting, and / or sensing functionality into the building architecture without significant protrusion into occupiable spaces.j) “Recessed lighting form factor” refers to a physical configuration of a device or system that is dimensioned and arranged to be installed at least partially within a cavity of a building surface and to interface with lighting infrastructure, such that the device or system is compatible with recessed lighting fixture installation schemes. A recessed lighting form factor is characterized by the concealment of a majority of the device or system within or beyond a plane of the building surface, with only room-facing interface components, such as trim elements, diffusers, lighting elements, and / or sensors, exposed to or perceivable from within anoccupied space. The term is not limited to any particular geometry, size, lamp type, trim style, mounting method, or illumination technology.k) “Building surface” refers to a structural or architectural surface of a building that bounds or defines an interior space, including but not limited to ceilings, walls, floors, soffits, bulkheads, or combinations thereof, regardless of orientation, into which a recessed or surface-mounted system may be installed.l) “Recessed lighting fixture installation schemes” refers to standardized or nonstandardized structural, dimensional, and electrical installation arrangements used to mount recessed lighting fixtures within a building surface, including ceilings, walls, or other architectural cavities. Recessed lighting fixture installation schemes are not limited to any particular lighting technology, form factor, manufacturer standard, or regional electrical code, and may vary across building types, jurisdictions, and applications. As used herein, compatibility with recessed lighting fixture installation schemes indicates that a device or system may be installed using existing or commonly accepted recessed lighting mounting practices without requiring substantial modification of the building structure or lighting infrastructure. Such installation schemes may define, without limitation, one or more of:a. ceiling cutout dimensions, tolerances, and cavity depths;b. mounting mechanisms, including spring clips, friction mounts, brackets, frames, housings, or can-style enclosures;c. electrical connection methods, including hardwired connections, plug-in connectors, or lighting circuit interfaces;d. trim, bezel, baffle, or reflector attachment arrangements;e. insulation contact (IC) or non-IC configurations; andf. new-construction or retrofit installation approaches.m) “Airflow” refers to the movement of air that flows through, out of, or into the SMARTair system. HVAC airflow may include, but is not limited to:a. conditioned supply air delivered from an HVAC unit or duct system into a room, zone, or building through the SMARTair system;b. return air drawn from a room, zone, or building into the SMARTair system for recirculation or conditioning by the HVAC unit;c. ventilation air introduced from or exhausted to the ambient environment; and d. redistributed air directed locally within a room or zone for thermal balancing, occupant comfort, or energy efficiency.n) “Supply air” refers to air directed into a room, zone, or building from a HVAC system. Supply air may include, but is not limited to, conditioned air that has been cooled, heated, filtered, humidified, dehumidified, or otherwise processed by the HVAC system before delivery. In some embodiments, supply air is delivered through ductwork, an unducted plenum, or directly through one or more SMARTair vent assemblies, and may be regulated or distributed by dampers, sensors, or intelligent scheduling functions to achieve desired thermal properties, occupant comfort, or energy efficiency.o) “Return air” refers to air that is drawn out of a room, zone, or building and directed back into a HVAC system. Return air may include, but is not limited to, ambient room air that is collected for recirculation, reconditioning, filtration, or exhaust. In some embodiments, return air is drawn through ductwork, plenums, or directlythrough one or more SMARTair vent assemblies. Return air may be regulated, redirected, or measured by dampers, sensors, or intelligent scheduling functions to maintain desired thermal properties, indoor air quality, energy efficiency, or occupant comfort.p) Inner “light fixture can”, or canister housing, is the center light fixture portion of the system where, at minimum, the light or light bulb with a light bulb socket, wherein a light bulb can be securely recessed into, whereas a light emitter facing towards a room's interior environment can emit light into the space, room, or zone. This can housing may also contain any sort of / number of electrical components, sensors, and electronics, such as computational devices (i.e. computer, microcontroller, etc.) and communication devices (i.e. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.). While the term “can” describes its preferred general shape and physical characteristics, it does not limit it to any exact shape. The housing may be of any shape that accomplishes the device's intended purpose; thus, it can vary in shape and dimensions.q) Outer “air distributor can” may be similar in shape to the can housing, but both its top (air distribution receptacle-oriented), and bottom (Air outlet-oriented) ends have openings that can allow for HVAC air (including return air) to pass through. With a larger diameter than an inner light fixture can housing, wherein a sufficient gap distance between an inner light fixture can housing and the outer air distributor can exists for HVAC airflow. This distributor housing may also contain various electrical components, sensors, and electronics, such as computational devices (e.g., computers, microcontrollers) and communication devices (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth). While the term "can" describes its preferred general shape andphysical characteristics, it does not limit the object to this shape. The housing can be of any shape that accomplishes the device's intended purpose; thus, it may vary in shape and dimensions. The outer air distributor can allows for HVAC airflow to pass between it and an inner light fixture can to exhaust into the designated space as supply air.r) “Radially outward” refers to a relative spatial relationship in which one component is positioned outwardly from another component, and is not limited to circular, cylindrical, or axisymmetric geometries.s) “Airflow-modulating element” refers to any structural component, feature, or assembly positioned to operate within an airflow passage of the system and configured to influence, regulate, restrict, vary, or otherwise control a volumetric flow rate of air passing therethrough. An airflow-modulating element may include, but is not limited to, a damper, a diffuser lip, a movable or adjustable surface, a fixed or variable geometry flow-shaping structure, or combinations thereof, and may operate through active actuation, passive geometry, or a combination of both. t) “Damper” system refers to a controllable component of the SMARTair system that may restrict, block, or control the HVAC airflow (volume or velocity) that passes through the SMARTair system. Airflow control may be accomplished by utilizing an electric motor-driven actuator that moves, opens, or closes airflow-blocking or restricting flap(s), slat(s), iris aperture(s), louver(s), butterfly-style, opposed bladestyle damper, guillotine-style damper, or radially fanning, etc., to achieve the desired HVAC airflow profile through (in or out of) an air outlet or air distribution receptacle. The damper mechanism may be actuated manually, mechanically, orelectronically via a motor, servo, electromagnetic drive, or other actuator. In some embodiments, actuation may be automatically controlled by the system’s processing component, hub, or Al Predictive Control logic in response to environmental sensor input, intelligent scheduling, or occupant preferences. The electrical, mechanical, or structural components of the damper system may be located within, on, operatively connected to, or attached to an air distributor can, a light fixture can, an air distribution receptacle, or an air outlet.u) “Iris Aperture” damper assembly refers to a variable airflow control mechanism comprising a plurality of overlapping, curved, or planar damper blades (also referred to as “leaves” or “segments”) arranged circumferentially around the perimeter of an inner can and extending outward from within an inner can housing, such as the light fixture can, toward the inner wall of an outer can, such as air distributor can, within that SMARTair system. Each blade is pivotably or slidably connected to a rotational ring, gear linkage, or actuator collar coupled to the inner can housing. When actuated, the blades move in a synchronized, overlapping manner, similar to a photographic iris diaphragm, expanding or contracting the central annular opening through which airflow passes. In the open position, the blades retract radially inward into an inner can housing or align along the airflow path, allowing maximum air passage between the inner can and the outer can. In the closed or restricted position, the blades extend outward toward the inner wall of an outer can, overlapping one another to constrict or block airflow through the system. The iris aperture configuration can provide smooth, symmetrical airflow modulation, reduced turbulence, and low acoustic noise compared to traditionallouvered or plate-style dampers. Additionally, the concentric and recessed form factor allows aesthetic concealment within the SMARTair assembly while maintaining precise and balanced airflow control across the circular vent geometry. v) “Radially fanning” damper assembly refers to a variable air volume control mechanism comprising a plurality of arcuate or leaf-shaped damper blades arranged circumferentially around an inner can within the SMARTair system. Each damper blade is hinged or pivotably mounted along its upper edge to the periphery of the inner can and is configured to fan outward and downward at an acute or obtuse angle relative to the airflow direction. When actuated, the blades pivot radially toward the inner wall of an outer can, forming an adjustable annular opening that regulates, constricts, or blocks airflow through the system. In operation, the blades may move between an open position, wherein airflow passes freely through the annular region between the inner and outer cans, and a closed position, wherein the distal edges of the blades seal against or near the inner wall of the outer can. This configuration enables precise modulation of airflow while maintaining low acoustic noise, minimal turbulence, and a visually recessed form factor. The circular fan-style geometry enhances airflow efficiency and aesthetic integration compared to conventional flat-plate or grille-style dampers.w) “Air distribution receptacle” refers to an air duct, register box, plenum box, or boot receiver / connection end of a SMARTair system. As such, it's a SMARTair system interface section / component that connects to at least one HVAC supply air or HVAC return air.x) “Air outlet” refers to an exhaust section / component of the SMARTair system that supplies HVAC air into a space, room, or zone, or in which return air from a space, room, or zone is drawn into the HVAC system.y) “Exhaust Air” refers to air that enters a room or zone through the air outlet of the SMARTair system when the system is configured to provide exhaust airflow into that space. Exhaust airflow is directed into the interior of the room or zone through a diffuser or outlet interface of the SMARTair system.z) “Diffuser” is typically located at the air outlet, unlike a simple register, it spreads the HVAC air throughout a room in multiple directions, controlling the air flow pattern to ensure even distribution and increased comfort. Diffusers are often designed to be visually appealing, with common forms including square, round (ring), and linear. The SMARTair diffuser may protrude inward or outward from the circumference of an inner light fixture can housing or the circumference of an outer air distributor can. The diffuser may also have a baffle / damper (such as movable plates, valves, or veins) that can direct airflow in specific directions, constrict (reduce) airflow, or block (cut off) airflow, thereby improving comfort or increasing overall energy efficiency.aa)“Diffuser lip” refers to a structural feature positioned at or adjacent to an air vent opening and configured to influence airflow characteristics by directing, shaping, restricting, or modulating airflow exiting or entering the vent. A diffuser lip may be mechanically or electromechanically adjustable and may facilitate airflow direction and / or volumetric control by selectively manipulating a bottom diffuser lip, a top diffuser lip, or combinations thereof. Such airflow control may be used alternativelyto, or in addition to, an airflow-modulating damper. A diffuser lip may comprise a flared, beveled, or curved edge formed around at least a portion of a diffuser opening. The lip geometry may be configured to direct airflow smoothly into an occupied space, reduce turbulence and acoustic noise, and promote controlled airflow dispersion. In certain embodiments, the lip geometry is configured to induce a Coanda effect, such that airflow adheres to an adjacent surface, allowing exhaust or supply air to spread along ceilings or walls rather than discharging directly downward. Mechanical or electromechanical manipulation of one or more diffuser lips may include translating, pivoting, rotating, or flipping a diffuser lip relative to an opposing surface to partially or fully restrict airflow. Such manipulation may involve moving a diffuser lip upward to close against an opposing surface, moving a top diffuser lip downward toward an opposing surface, or selectively actuating only a portion of a diffuser lip rather than an entire circumferential lip. A diffuser lip may be implemented as a continuous 360-degree structure or as one or more segmented sections. In various embodiments, a diffuser lip system may comprise a cantilevered flap, hinged flap, vane, or similar movable airflow-shaping element. bb)“Air vent” refers to an opening, passage, or interface that allows HVAC air to pass into or out of a confined space, such as a room, zone, or building interior. An air vent may be associated with a supply air pathway, a return air pathway, an exhaust air pathway, or combinations thereof. An air vent may be implemented as a conventional passive vent or register, a mechanically adjustable vent, or an active or intelligent vent, including but not limited to SMARTair systems. The size, shape, location, orientation, and airflow characteristics of an air vent may be determinedby the design of the HVAC system, building architecture, or vent device itself. An air vent may be uncovered or may include one or more coverings or components, such as a grille, grate, diffuser, register, damper, or louver, and may be configured to provide fixed airflow, manually adjustable airflow, or automatically modulated airflow depending on system configuration.cc)“Zone” refers to a defined area within a building that can be monitored, managed, or controlled independently for HVAC airflow or environmental regulation. Zones may be defined physically (by walls, doors, or partitions), virtually (by sensor- defined boundaries), or logically (by user preferences, scheduling, or occupancy patterns). A zone may include, but is not limited to:a. an entire room;b. a portion of a room (e.g., a work area, sleeping area, or comer section); c. multiple rooms grouped together; ord. any other definable space within a building for which independent thermal, airflow, or comfort management is desirable.dd) “HVAC duct” refers to an individual conduit or airflow passage configured to transport air to or from a component of an HVAC system. An HVAC duct may convey supply air, return air, and / or exhaust air, and may be operatively coupled directly to a SMARTair system via an air distribution receptacle. An HVAC duct may exist as a standalone duct or as a portion of a larger duct system, and is not required to be connected to, integrated with, or dependent upon a network of ducts. In certain embodiments, a single HVAC duct may directly connect an HVAC air source or sink to a single SMARTair unit without intermediary duct branches,trunks, or plenums. An HVAC duct may be rigid or flexible and may be formed from any suitable airflow-conveying material. The term HVAC duct does not imply any particular architectural layout, zoning capability, airflow control method, or degree of system complexity, and is distinct from a duct system, which refers to an arrangement or network of multiple ducts.ee)“Duct system” or “ductwork” refers to a network, assembly, or arrangement of conduits configured to transport air from components of at least one building HVAC system. In some embodiments, a duct system is operatively coupled to one or more SMARTair systems to enable controlled airflow supply, return, or redistribution within a room, zone, or building. A duct system may be used for supply air delivery, return air collection, exhaust, or ventilation, and may include, but is not limited to:a. main trunks, branch ducts, or plenums for distributing or collecting airflow; b. ductwork constructed of sheet metal, flexible ducting, composite materials, or other conduits suitable for airflow transport;c. associated components such as adapters, splitters, dampers, or fittings that regulate, divide, or direct airflow within the system; andd. insulation, seals, or connectors to maintain airflow integrity, pressure balance, and thermal performance.ff) “Conventional ductwork” refers to the current standard architectural layout of forced-air HVAC air-distribution conduits, including main trunks, branch ducts, take-offs, plenums, and fittings designed to deliver supply or return air to a fixed number or arrangement of passive vents or registers, using static, non-modulatingairflow pathways without integrated zoning, intelligent airflow control, or modular reconfiguration features.gg)“Splitter” refers to a ducting adapter component, assembly, or module that adapts existing HVAC ductwork designed for a particular number or arrangement of vents in a room, zone, or building. This component enables the redirection, distribution, or reconfiguration of supply or return airflow for use with a different number or configuration of SMARTair systems, without requiring substantial redesign or modification of the existing duct systems. Such a system provides retrofit capability, scalability, and flexibility, allowing existing HVAC installations to support expanded or redistributed vent configurations, improving thermal distribution and occupant comfort without the cost or complexity of major ductwork renovation. An air ducting adapter splitter system may include, but is not limited to:a. manifolds, junctions, or splitters that divide airflow from one duct into multiple outlets;b. adapters or couplings that reconfigure airflow from an existing vent location to multiple SMARTair vent assemblies in new positions;c. housings or plenums incorporating seals, gaskets, or flexible connectors to maintain airflow integrity; andd. optional dampers, valves, or control modules to regulate airflow distribution among the connected SMARTair systems.hh)“Reverse flow valve” refers to a device that enables the SMARTair system to switch between supply air and return air. Allowing each SMARTair system to be an HVAC air supplier to a room / zone it serves or a return air supplier from a room / zone tothe HVAC system. This feature can help ensure proper ventilation, room, zone, or building air balancing and pressure regulation.ii) “Internal thermal sensor” refers to a temperature-sensing component integrated into or operatively coupled with the SMARTair. The thermal sensor is configured to detect the temperature of air entering, within, or exiting the HVAC vent or associated ductwork. Internal thermal sensors may include, but are not limited to, a thermistor, thermocouple, resistance temperature detector (RTD), or semiconductor-based temperature sensor.jj) “Mounting system” refers to components that mechanically secure the SMARTair system within or on a building's ceiling, wall, or floor. This system can consist of mounting and securing components, such as joist- or stud-mounted hangers, bar hangers, spring clips, torsion spring brackets, ear brackets, and other types of mounting hardware.kk) “Electrical component” refers to the fundamental building blocks of electric circuits.As such, they are discrete physical parts within an electrical or electronic circuit and devices, ranging from simple wires and switches to complex integrated circuits.II) “Smart device” refers to a hardware device that incorporates sensing, processing, and / or communication capabilities enabling it to perform functions beyond those of a passive or “dumb” device. A smart device may, without limitation:a. collect environmental, operational, or user-related data through integrated or connected sensors;b. process such data locally using embedded logic or processing components;c. communicate with other devices, hubs, networks, or services through wired or wireless protocols; andd. support automated, semi-automated, or user-directed functions, including monitoring, reporting, coordination, or control, depending on system configuration.mm) “Processing component” refers to at least one microcontroller, microprocessor, microcomputer, system-on-chip (SoC), or equivalent embedded logic unit configured to execute instructions associated with operation of the SMARTair system or a smart device thereof. The processing component is typically located within a SMARTair unit or associated hub and may be responsible for local control, monitoring, coordination, or communication functions. A processing component may perform one or more of the following non-limiting example functions:a. receiving, interpreting, and processing data from environmental, thermal, occupancy, illumination, or other sensors;b. generating signals or data associated with operation of system components, including lighting elements, user interfaces, or airflow-modulating components when present;c. executing algorithms for environmental analysis, mapping, intelligent scheduling, coordination, or preference management;d. managing wired or wireless communications with other SMARTair units, hubs, computational devices, or building management systems; ande. enabling modular and expandable features, including firmware updates, integration of add-on devices, or future system capabilities. nn)“Computational device” refers to any device or system, whether local, distributed, or remote, that is configured to perform computational tasks associated with the SMARTair system. A computational device may include, without limitation, a hub, personal computer, mobile device, server, or cloud-based computing service. Unlike a processing component, which is typically embedded and localized within a SMARTair unit, a computational device may be external and provide additional intelligence, coordination, data aggregation, or storage. A computational device may perform advanced or resource-intensive functions such as:a. aggregating data from multiple SMARTair units or smart devices;b. executing machine-learning models, predictive analytics, or optimization routines;c. interfacing with third-party systems, applications, or Internet of Things (loT) services; andd. distributing instructions, data, or updates to one or more SMARTair processing components.oo)“Environmental Sensor” refers to active or passive devices configured to detect, measure, or infer real-time environmental conditions within a room, zone, or building. Environmental sensors may include, but are not limited to, devices for measuring temperature, humidity, air quality, motion, infrared radiation (IR), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Sound Navigation and Ranging (SoNAR), radiant light levels, optical properties, acoustic signatures, or biometric data. Theenvironmental information collected and / or processed by such sensors may be utilized by the SMARTair system or by third-party systems and applications to support functions including, but not limited to: environmental and thermal mapping, occupancy level and type, user(s) identity, energy-efficiency optimization, comfort customization, intelligent scheduling, system interoperability, expandable utility, and the provision of additional services or features.pp)“Occupant identification” or “user identification” refers to the capability of a SMARTair system or hub to detect, recognize, or distinguish the presence, identity, or characteristics of one or more individuals within a room, zone, or building. Occupant or user identification may be performed using one or more environmental sensors integrated into or communicatively coupled with the SMARTair system or hub. Occupant or user identification may enable the SMARTair system to adapt HVAC airflow properties, distribution, lighting, scheduling, or nearly an unlimited number of auxiliary functions based on detected presence, individual preferences, or household usage patterns, thereby improving comfort, personalization, and energy efficiency. Such identification may include, but is not limited to:a. Presence detection: identifying whether a person is present in a given space using motion sensors, passive infrared (PIR), ultrasonic, or similar devices; b. Occupancy tracking: determining the number of occupants or changes in occupancy within a space;c. Behavioral or positional detection: tracking movement, activity, or location within the room or zone using optical, acoustic, LiDAR, SoNAR, or similar technologies;d. Biometric identification: recognizing individuals using unique identifiers such as facial recognition, fingerprint, voice, or gait detection; ande. Device-based recognition: identifying users based on wireless device signals (e.g., smartphones, wearables, Bluetooth, or RFID).qq)“Hub” refers to a centralized component, module, or assembly that functions as the control and integration brain of one or more SMARTair systems. The hub coordinates communication, processing, and actuation among subsystems, including, but not limited to, recessed lighting, HVAC vent actuation, airflow measurement, illumination control, occupant detection, and environmental sensing. The hub may comprise one or more processors, memory units, power distribution circuitry, wired and / or wireless communication interfaces, and associated hardware or software. The hub may aggregate sensor data, execute mapping algorithms, issue control signals, and provide synchronization with local or remote control platforms, cloud services, or building management systems. In some embodiments, the hub further includes or supports a user interface (Ul), enabling a user to directly view environmental, thermal, illumination, or occupancy maps; adjust recessed lighting levels or HVAC vent positions; set preferences or schedules; or receive alerts and system feedback. The III may be integrated physically (e.g., touchscreen, dial, or button array), wirelessly (e.g., smartphone,tablet, or wall-mounted controller), or virtually (e g., voice assistant, augmented reality overlay).rr) “Modular architecture” or “expandable architecture” refers to a system design framework that enables the addition, removal, or replacement of features, functions, sub-systems, or components without requiring substantial physical modification or redesign of the SMARTair system. Such architecture may allow the system to evolve over time, accommodate emerging technologies, provide customized solutions for energy efficiency, occupant comfort, or user experience enhancements, and mitigate obsolescence. A modular and expandable architecture may include, but is not limited to:a. standardized mechanical, electrical, or communication interfaces that support the attachment or integration of add-on modules;b. hardware expansion capability, such as ports, slots, or wireless links for connecting environmental sensors, user interface devices, or auxiliary systems;c. software or firmware extensibility, enabling new features, algorithms, or applications to be added to the system, the hub, or an associated control platform; andd. interoperability with third-party systems, accessories, or applications, thereby enabling incremental functionality, expanded utility, or integration into larger building management networks.ss) “Expansion port” refers to standardized mechanical, electrical, or communication interfaces configured to receive add-on hardware modules or auxiliarycomponents. Expansion ports may provide power, data exchange, or control connectivity between the SMARTair system and the add-on hardware. Such expansion ports enable the SMARTair system to be modular and expandable, allowing additional sensors, actuators, user interface devices, communication modules, or auxiliary systems to be connected without requiring substantial redesign of the core system. Expansion ports may include, but are not limited to: a. standardized interfaces such as USB, USB-C, Ethernet, HDMI, RS-485, or similar;b. wireless communication interfaces such as Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Wi-Fi®, Thread, or proprietary protocols;c. specialty or proprietary connectors explicitly designed for auxiliary hardware integration;d. combinations of mechanical and electrical couplings that enable secure attachment and communication with add-on modules; ande. may be located on the underside (below the ceiling) of the SMARTair system as a ring expansion port or a ring of modular extension ports located between a diffuser lip and a center light bulb.tt) “Add-on module” or “add-on device” refers to a hardware component configured to expand, enhance, or customize the functionality of the SMARTair system beyond its core features. Add-on modules or devices may utilize standardized or specialized ports, slots, connectors, or mounting interfaces with corresponding electrical power connections and / or communication interfaces. Add-on modules or devices may be operatively connected to communicate directly with the SMARTairsystem, or may bypass the SMARTair system to interface with a hub, a third-party application, a building management system, or a cloud-based Internet of Things (loT) service. Such arrangements enable flexible and scalable expansion of system capabilities without requiring substantial redesign or modification of the core SMARTair system. Add-on modules or devices may be mechanically coupled, electrically powered, and / or communicatively connected to the SMARTair system and may operate independently, cooperatively with other SMARTair components, or in coordination with external systems or services. The add-on architecture supports modular expansion, user-selectable customization, and future device compatibility while preserving the core SMARTair system architecture. Add-on modules or devices may be associated with one or more functional categories, including, without limitation:a. Environmental and sensing add-ons, such as temperature, humidity, airquality, motion, presence, biometric, acoustic, optical, or radiation sensors; b. Security and safety add-ons, such as cameras, microphones, intrusion sensors, alarms, emergency indicators, smoke or gas detectors, or accesscontrol components;c. Health and wellness add-ons, such as air-quality enhancement devices, circadian-lighting modules, sound or light therapy devices, occupancy wellness monitors, or environmental comfort indicators;d. Lifestyle and convenience add-ons, such as audio-visual equipment, userinterface devices, displays, voice-assistant hardware, notification modules, or ambient-experience components;e. Control and automation add-ons, such as auxiliary controllers, switches, actuators, relays, or external device interfaces; andf. Communication and networking add-ons, such as wireless radios, network adapters, protocol bridges, or mesh-network enhancement modules. uu)“Audio-visual” or “AV” equipment refers to add-on devices configured to expand the SMARTair system by enabling attachment, integration, powering, communication, and operation of audio and / or visual functionality via one or more expansion ports, connectors, or mounting interfaces. Such add-on devices may enhance or modify sensory output, user experience, or functional utility of the system beyond basic illumination and airflow functions. Audio add-on devices may include, without limitation, speakers, microphones, sound emitters, noise-masking devices, voice-assistant interfaces, or acoustic sensors. Visual add-on devices may include, without limitation, auxiliary or accent lighting modules, status indicators, display or projection elements, cameras, optical sensors, or visual signaling components. AV add-on devices may be mechanically coupled, electrically powered, and / or communicatively connected to the SMARTair system through standardized or specialized interfaces, and may operate independently, cooperatively with other SMARTair components, or in coordination with external systems, applications, or networks. This capability supports modular expansion, user-selectable customization, and future device compatibility without requiring substantial redesign or modification of the core SMARTair system.vv)A “network node-repeater” refers to the capability of a SMARTair unit to operate as an individual communication node within a distributed wired or wirelesscommunication network and to additionally relay, forward, or repeat data between other nodes, devices, or hubs within the network. In this configuration, each SMARTair unit may transmit, receive, and / or relay data to and from other SMARTair units, processing components, computational devices, hubs, or third-party systems, thereby forming a distributed mesh network, repeater network, peer-to-peer network, or hybrid network topology. The network node-repeater functionality may be implemented using one or more wired or wireless communication interfaces and is not limited to any particular protocol, frequency band, network architecture, or transmission method. This network node-repeater functionality can enable, without limitation:a. robust communication between multiple SMARTair systems deployed across different rooms, zones, areas, floors, or buildings;b. distributed data exchange, aggregation, and coordination among SMARTair units operating in different rooms, zones, or areas of a building, such that sensor, environmental, operational, or status data collected by one SMARTair unit may be shared with, relayed to, or influence the operation of other SMARTair units;c. improved reliability and effective communication range of wired or wireless signals without requiring dedicated or standalone repeater hardware;d. reduced dependency on a centralized controller or hub by enabling direct peer- to-peer communication between SMARTair units, while optionally supporting centralized or hybrid control architectures;e. integration with external networks or systems, including building management systems, smart-home platforms, Internet of Things (loT) platforms, and cloudbased services, using standard or proprietary communication protocols, including but not limited to Wi-Fi, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, Bluetooth®, Thread, or similar wired or wireless standards;f. self-healing network behavior, wherein the network can automatically detect, compensate for, and recover from communication path failures, interruptions, degradation, or topology changes without manual intervention, including by dynamically rerouting data traffic through alternate nodes or communication pathways when a particular node or link becomes unavailable, obstructed, or impaired, thereby maintaining continuous connectivity, reliable data exchange, and overall system performance; andg. scalable deployment, allowing additional SMARTair units to be added to the network incrementally without requiring substantial reconfiguration of existing infrastructure, network topology, or control logic.ww) “Intelligent Scheduling” refers to the automated or semi-automated management of system operations, such as lighting, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) airflow, temperature, or auxiliary functions, based on temporal, environmental, occupancy, or user-defined factors. Intelligent Scheduling may utilize real-time and historical data from environmental sensors, occupancy detectors, or connected devices to determine when and how the SMARTair system should operate to achieve optimal comfort, energy efficiency, or performance. Scheduling adjustments may occur dynamically, without requiringmanual user input. Essentially, through Intelligent Scheduling, the SMARTair system can autonomously coordinate lighting, airflow, and thermal management across multiple rooms or zones, reducing wasted energy and improving overall occupant comfort. Intelligent Scheduling may include, but is not limited to: a. automatically regulating lighting or HVAC operation based on time of day, day of week, or seasonal patterns;b. adapting schedules in response to sensed occupancy, temperature, humidity, or air-quality variations;c. coordinating with third-party smart home ecosystems, building management systems, or cloud-based services via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs);d. learning user habits, preferences, or routines and refining schedules through Al or machine-learning algorithms; ande. integrating data from personal smart devices, wearables, or connected vehicles to pre-condition zones when a user is enroute or expected to arrive.xx) “Predictive Control” refers to the use of artificial intelligence (Al), machine learning (ML), or algorithmic models configured to anticipate, forecast, or infer future system states or environmental conditions, thereby enabling the proactive adjustment of the SMARTair system's operation. Predictive Control may utilize data collected from one or more environmental, thermal, occupancy, or illumination sensors, as well as historical system performance data, scheduling information, or external environmental inputs. Such external data may include information received from Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), third-party applications,cloud-based services, or connected user devices, such as smartphones, wearables, vehicles, or home automation platforms. Predictive control models, including artificial intelligence-based models, may be executed locally by a processing component of the system, remotely by an external processor or server, or in a distributed computing environment operatively coupled to the system. In some embodiments, Predictive Control may receive information from a user’s personal smart device, mobile application, or connected vehicle indicating that the user is enroute to their residence or building. The SMARTair system may then proactively precondition one or more zones by adjusting HVAC airflow, temperature, or lighting levels before the user’s arrival, thereby improving comfort and perceived system responsiveness. The Predictive Control system can process this combined local and external data to generate control decisions or recommendations intended to optimize comfort, energy efficiency, and system performance before changes in conditions are detected by conventional feedback mechanisms. Essentially, a Predictive Control enables the SMARTair system to operate adaptively, proactively, and contextually, integrating historical data, realtime sensor data, user mobility data, and third-party information sources to enhance comfort, efficiency, and user experience. Such predictive control may include, but is not limited to:a. forecasting temperature, occupancy, or lighting changes and pre-adjusting airflow, temperature, or illumination parameters accordingly;b. learning occupant habits, preferences, and schedules (including those synchronized via APIs, third-party smart home applications, or connected personal devices) to automatically optimize system operation;c. detecting inefficiencies or deviations and autonomously adjusting operational modes; andd. coordinating multiple SMARTair units, hubs, or zones to achieve balanced, system-wide environmental performance.yy) “Input data” refers to any data, signals, measurements, parameters, or information received, generated, or made available to the SMARTair system, a SMARTair unit, a processing component, or a computational device for purposes of monitoring, analysis, decision-making, coordination, or control. Input data may be obtained from local sensors integrated with a SMARTair system, remote sensors associated with other rooms, zones, buildings, or systems, and / or external systems or distributed data sources. Input data may include, without limitation, environmental data (such as temperature, humidity, air quality, pressure, or airflow), occupancy or presence data, user inputs or preferences, operational or status data, scheduling information, time-based or calendar data, weather or forecast data, utility or energy pricing data, location or proximity data, and data received from third-party systems, smart devices, building management systems, Internet of Things (loT) platforms, or cloud-based services. Input data may be received via wired or wireless communication interfaces, may be processed locally or remotely, and may be used in real time or stored for historical analysis, learning, or predictiveoperation. The term “input data” is not limited to any particular data format, source, frequency, or processing method.zz) “Desired thermal properties” refers to one or more target conditions of air temperature, thermal distribution, or comfort level within a room, zone, or building, as maintained or influenced by a HVAC system. Desired thermal properties may be defined manually by a user, automatically by a hub or building management system, or adaptively through intelligent scheduling, predictive algorithms, or sensor-driven feedback loops. Desired thermal properties may include, but are not limited to:a. a setpoint temperature or temperature range established by a thermostat, scheduling algorithm, or user preference;b. thermal uniformity within a room or zone, characterized by the reduction or elimination of hot spots, cold spots, or unwanted thermal gradients;c. airflow temperature and velocity levels that contribute to occupant comfort, energy efficiency, or system performance; andd. dynamic thermal conditions optimized for occupancy patterns, time of day, seasonal variation, or building management requirements.aaa) “Integrated operations” refers to coordinated or combined control of two or more subsystems within the SMARTair system. Integrated operations may include, but are not limited to:a. synchronizing light output with HVAC airflow or temperature adjustments; b. linking occupancy detection to simultaneous lighting and airflow changes;c. adjusting illumination levels in coordination with HVAC scheduling for energy efficiency; ord. executing joint responses based on environmental mapping, such as dimming lights while reducing airflow when a room or zone is unoccupied.bbb) “Auxiliary operations” refers to additional or supplemental functions performed by or in conjunction with a SMARTair system, beyond the SMARTair’s primary functions and operations. Auxiliary operations extend the system's capabilities beyond its core lighting or HVAC airflow functions. Auxiliary operations may include, but are not limited to:a. communicating with smart thermostats, mobile or desktop applications, voice assistants, or building management systems;b. generating user notifications, alerts, or reports;c. supporting diagnostics, fault detection, or system health monitoring;d. integrating with security, fire safety, or emergency response systems; and e. enabling user interface (Ul) functions such as manual overrides, scheduling adjustments, and environmental mapping visualization.ccc) “Communication system” refers to electronic hardware or software used to transmit or receive analog or digital information or data. These systems can be wireless or wired and consist of an open or closed network. Wireless technologies can include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee / Z-Wave, and Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), among others, and can be part of a Mesh Network or a cloud-based network, such as the Internet of Things (loT).ddd) “Smart devices”, as the building blocks of the Internet of Things (loT), refer to electronic hardware or software that connect to or interact with users, other devices, or networks (usually the internet) to communicate, and collect and exchange data. They typically include sensors (to collect data, temperature, motion, voice, etc.), software and processing power (to analyze data and make decisions), and connectivity capabilities (to communicate or send / receive data via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.), allowing for automation or artificial intelligence (Al) (to remote control or conduct intelligent decision-making).eee) “Light bulb” or “illumination element” refers to a self-contained or integrated electric light-emitting component configured to emit visible or non-visible light when supplied with electrical power. The illumination element may comprise one or more replaceable, semi-replaceable, or permanent light-emitting components secured within the SMARTair system. Non-limiting examples include incandescent lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), or any other suitable solid-state or filament-based light source.fff) “Light bulb socket” or “light bulb receiver” refers to a structural and electrical interface configured to mechanically secure a light bulb or illumination element and electrically couple the illumination element to a power source. The light bulb socket may include conductive contacts, terminals, retention features, or mounting structures necessary to support electrical connection, alignment, and operation of the illumination element within the SMARTair system.ggg) “Electrical connection” refers to one or more electrical power interfaces configured to supply operating power to the SMARTair system and, whereapplicable, to one or more expansion ports, add-on devices, or auxiliary components operatively coupled to the system. The electrical connection may be derived from a building’s electrical infrastructure, including a lighting electrical circuit or other available power source. In certain embodiments, the electrical connection may comprise a single-phase alternating current (AC) supply commonly used in residential or commercial buildings. By way of non-limiting example, in the United States this may include a nominal 120-volt, 60-hertz AC supply. However, the electrical connection is not limited to any particular voltage, frequency, phase, or current type and may alternatively comprise direct current (DC) power, multi-phase power, low-voltage power, or region-specific electrical standards. The electrical connection may further include internal power conversion, regulation, distribution, or isolation circuitry configured to supply appropriate electrical power to system components, including processing components, sensors, actuators, lighting elements, expansion ports, and connected add-on devices. Accordingly, the SMARTair system may be manufactured or adapted to support regional, application-specific, or devicespecific electrical requirements while maintaining compatibility with standardized expansion interfaces and modular hardware components.hhh) “Air handling unit” or “AHU” refers to an HVAC system component configured to condition and move air for purposes of heating, cooling, ventilation, filtration, dehumidification, humidification, or combinations thereof. An AHU may include one or more fans or blowers, heat exchangers, coils, filters, valves, dampers, sensors, and control elements configured to manage air temperature,humidity, quality, and flow characteristics. An AHU may be implemented in a centralized, distributed, or localized configuration and may serve a single room, multiple rooms, zones, or an entire building. In some embodiments, an AHU distributes conditioned air through ductwork, a duct system, or one or more individual HVAC ducts. In other embodiments, an AHU may be part of or associated with a ductless or partially ducted system, including mini-split systems, multi-split systems, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) or variable refrigerant volume (VRV) systems, or hybrid systems that combine ducted and ductless air delivery. For the purposes of this disclosure, an AHU is not limited to a single physical enclosure or centralized unit and may include indoor units, air-moving assemblies, or terminal units that perform air conditioning functions locally while being operatively coupled to remote compressors, condensers, or refrigeration circuits. An AHU may provide supply air, receive return air, handle exhaust air, or any combination thereof, and may be operatively coupled to one or more SMARTair systems directly or indirectly to enable controlled airflow distribution, modulation, or integration with lighting and smart device functionality.iii) “Variable Air Volume” (VAV) refers to a type of HVAC distribution system designed to improve energy efficiency by varying the volume and, in some cases, the temperature of air supplied to a conditioned space. In a typical VAV configuration, each zone or room is served by a dedicated VAV terminal unit (commonly referred to as a “VAV box”). Each VAV box contains an integral damper that can open or close to modulate the volume of airflow delivered to the zone, thereby maintaining the desired temperature setpoint. By adjusting airflow on a per-zone basis, VAVsystems can achieve significant energy savings while maintaining individualized comfort levels across multiple rooms or zones.a. A pressure-independent VAV box includes a flow controller that maintains a constant airflow rate regardless of fluctuations in inlet pressure, ensuring consistent and comfortable space conditioning.b. A dual-ducted VAV box features two ducts connected to the terminal unit, one supplying hot (or neutral) air and the other supplying cold air, enabling mixed- air temperature control within the conditioned zone.jjj) “Vent controller” refers to one or more control elements configured to manage operation of an airflow-modulating damper system associated with one or more SMARTair systems. A vent controller may be implemented in a localized, distributed, centralized, remote, or hybrid configuration, and may operate autonomously, semi-autonomously, or in response to user input, and may utilize local processing components, external computational devices, or combinations thereof. In various embodiments, a vent controller may comprise:a. a controller integrated within an individual SMARTair system and configured to control that system and its associated subsystems;b. a local room-level, zone-level, building-level, or hub-based controller configured to control a group of SMARTair systems;c. a remote controller implemented via an application, Internet of Things (loT) platform, cloud-based service, or building management system configured to control multiple groups of SMARTair systems; ord. any combination of the foregoing controller configurations, ande. may perform one or more of the following non-limiting functions:i. Signal acquisition and processing, including receiving data from thermostats, environmental sensors, occupancy sensors, user interfaces, or external systems;ii. Control logic execution, including evaluating input conditions such as temperature setpoints, measured environmental conditions, occupancy status, scheduling information, or system state to determine appropriate airflow-control actions;iii. Command generation and execution, including issuing signals to damper actuators to open, close, or modulate damper position in a variable or continuous manner rather than solely binary operation;iv. Failsafe and pressure-management functions, including selectively opening one or more vents or zones to relieve excess air pressure when multiple dampers are closed or partially closed;v. System protection functions, including maintaining minimum airflow thresholds, preventing freezing of coils, preventing overheating, or otherwise protecting HVAC system components and maintaining operational stability; andvi. Coordinated multi-zone control, wherein airflow adjustments in one room or zone may be made in coordination with conditions or requirements of other rooms or zones.kkk) “User Interface” (III) refers to a controller, display, or interactive component configured to allow a user to monitor, adjust, or control one or more functions ofthe SMARTair system. A User Interface may be a standalone system or may be integrated with a hub, wall-mounted control panel, mobile or desktop application, voice assistant platform, or other network-connected interface. It may provide realtime feedback, environmental information, or control options related to lighting, HVAC airflow, temperature, scheduling, or other integrated operations of the SMARTair system.Ill) “Third-party integration” refers to the capability of the SMARTair system to communicate, coordinate, or interoperate with third-party devices or systems, such as smart controller platforms, home automation systems, or building management systems to enhance functionality, reduce redundancy, and simplify setup. Integrations may include, but are not limited to, compatibility or communication with established residential and commercial smart controllers such as Google Nest, Ecobee, Honeywell, Home Assistant, or BACnet-based building automation systems. By leveraging existing third-party ecosystems, the SMARTair system can expand its capabilities without requiring users to purchase, install, or subscribe to additional proprietary controllers or services. This interoperability reduces cost, complexity, and setup time while enabling coordinated scheduling, predictive control, and multi-system optimization through shared data and control interfaces. Integrations enable the SMARTair system to operate seamlessly within a broader intelligent building or smart home environment, enhancing energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and environmental adaptability while maximizing compatibility with existing devices and systems.mmm) “Variable Refrigerant Flow” (VRF) refers to an HVAC technology that uses refrigerant as the cooling and heating medium directed to multiple indoor units via refrigerant piping instead of air ducting. The additional coolant loop piping going to each indoor unit makes the system more costly and complex than conventional air duct-based HVAC systems.nnn) “Single-stage heat pump” or “single-speed HVAC compressor” refers to a compressor that runs at 100% available capacity whenever it’s on. It cycles on and off frequently, wasting energy and potentially leading to uneven temperatures. ooo) “Two-stage heat pump” or “two-speed HVAC compressor” refers to a compressor that can run at either “low” (typically around 65%) or “high” (-100%), resulting in some efficiency improvement.ppp) “Variable-speed heat pumps” or “variable-speed HVAC compressors” refer to systems that operate by utilizing compressors and fan motors that can adjust their speeds incrementally or gradually, rather than simply turning on at full power or off, as is the case with single-stage / speed systems. Inverter-driven, which modulates the frequency of the electrical current powering the compressor speed and refrigerant flow, adjusts based on demand. The compressor can run at varying speeds within a wide range (often 30%-120% of rated capacity), continuously adjusting to match the exact heating or cooling demand. Energy efficiency: Reduces wasted energy from frequent cycling on and off. Alternatively, most variable-speed HVAC systems operate in a more continuous, low-power mode, maintaining a steady indoor temperature with fewer “hot-cold” swings of traditional systems. In doing so, they can be used in conjunction with a SMARTair system toadjust the air volumetric flow rate as needed, ensuring maximum energy savings while maintaining maximum comfort. As each room or zone reaches its set temperature, the HVAC system can decrease the area's volumetric flow to save on energy. If rapid cooling or heating is needed, then the system can increase the air volume beyond its standard.qqq) “Internet of Things” (loT) refers to a networked system of interconnected physical devices, sensors, controllers, and computing elements that communicate data over wired or wireless networks for monitoring, analysis, or control purposes. loT devices typically include embedded sensors, processing components, and communication interfaces that enable them to collect, exchange, and respond to data from other devices, cloud services, or user interfaces. loT connectivity may be established through standard communication protocols such as Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Thread, Z-Wave®, cellular, Ethernet, or equivalent technologies. In the context of the SMARTair system, loT connectivity allows each SMARTair system, hub, or add-on module to share environmental, thermal, and operational data with other networked devices, third-party systems, or cloud-based platforms. This interconnectivity enables coordinated control, intelligent scheduling, predictive analytics, and integration within broader smart home or building automation ecosystems.rrr) “Mapping” refers to the process of collecting, processing, and associating environmental, thermal, illumination, occupant, or object data with a spatial or temporal representation. Mapping can be performed continuously or periodically, may utilize a single sensor or a distributed network of sensors, and may employalgorithmic, statistical, or machine-learning techniques to enhance accuracy or predictive capability. Mapping may include, but is not limited to:a. acquiring raw environmental sensor inputs (e.g., temperature, humidity, airflow, light intensity, occupancy detection, positional data, or image data); b. transforming such inputs into structured information (e.g., numerical values, heat maps, point clouds, occupancy grids, or illumination distributions); c. correlating the information to a defined coordinate system, spatial model, or logical zone; andd. updating, storing, or transmitting such information for real-time or historical visualization, analysis, or automated control of building systems.

[0048] The SMARTair system ideally embodies a comprehensive advancement in residential HVAC design, a fully integrated, distributed environmental-control platform that merges illumination, airflow regulation, sensing, and loT connectivity within a single recessed form factor. This unified design establishes a long-life, upgradeable foundation for smart-building innovation, reducing installation complexity and cost while futureproofing homes against technological obsolescence.

[0049] A primary objective of the SMARTair system is to reduce demand-side electricity consumption while enhancing whole-home comfort. Through continuous environmental monitoring and localized HVAC airflow control, the system dynamically allocates conditioned air only where and when it is needed, eliminating the waste typical of singlethermostat HVAC systems. Zone-specific airflow regulation minimizes compressor cycling, fan runtime, and total energy drawn from the AHU, yielding substantial efficiency gains.

[0050] Home-Centric Distributed Environmental Control Architecture: In certain embodiments, the SMARTair system is configured as a residential environmental control solution that integrates directly into existing home infrastructure in a non-intrusive manner. The system is designed to replace or augment conventional residential air vents or recessed lighting fixtures with airflow-control assemblies that include selectable control, sensing, and communication features. This architecture allows homeowners to adopt the system incrementally, beginning with basic airflow control and expanding functionality over time as desired.

[0051] Basic Airflow-Control Embodiment (Entry Configuration): In a basic configuration, each SMARTair unit functions as a localized airflow-control device configured to regulate supply or return air within a single room or living space. The unit may include a mechanical or electromechanical damper, diffuser, or reverse-flow valve that is adjustable manually, remotely, or via a simple control interface. In this configuration, the unit may operate independently of any centralized zoning system and without reliance on environmental or occupancy sensing.

[0052] This basic embodiment provides immediate benefits by enabling room-level airflow balancing within a home, reducing over-conditioning of unoccupied spaces, improving comfort in frequently used rooms, and reducing overall HVAC runtime. Because this configuration does not require extensive sensing or data collection, it may be particularly suitable for homeowners seeking a cost-effective and privacy-conscious solution.

[0053] Expanded Sensing and Local Control Embodiments: In expanded embodiments, individual SMARTair units may further incorporate one or more environmental sensors configured to detect parameters such as temperature, humidity, airflow, pressure, airquality, or other environmental conditions within a room or zone. Each unit may also include a local processing component configured to evaluate sensor data and adjust airflow accordingly.

[0054] In such embodiments, the system enables more granular comfort control by responding dynamically to changing conditions within each space rather than relying solely on a central thermostat located elsewhere in the home. This localized control can reduce temperature stratification, improve thermal stability, and limit unnecessary airflow to rooms that do not require conditioning.

[0055] Modular Automation and Connectivity Framework: In further embodiments, SMARTair units may include communication interfaces enabling data exchange with other SMARTair units, a central controller, or external home automation platforms. The system may be configured such that automation features are selectively enabled on a per-unit or per-home basis, allowing homeowners to determine the level of connectivity and automation that best aligns with their preferences and comfort.

[0056] For example, some homeowners may enable scheduling or rule-based control for select rooms, while others may choose to activate predictive or adaptive control features based on learned usage patterns. The modular design allows advanced automation to be layered onto the system without requiring changes to the underlying airflow hardware.

[0057] Distributed Environmental Intelligence Architecture: When multiple SMARTair units are deployed throughout a residence or building, the system may operate as a distributed network of environmental-control nodes configured to represent environmental conditions at fine spatial resolution across rooms or zones. Each SMARTair unit may function autonomously or cooperatively with other units, depending on configuration,thereby enabling room-by-room or zone-based management of airflow and environmental conditions.

[0058] In certain embodiments, the system may implement predictive control models that utilize historical environmental data, user-defined preferences, scheduling information, or external data sources to anticipate changes in occupancy or environmental conditions. By adjusting airflow proactively, the system can reduce response delays, maintain stable comfort conditions, and further reduce energy consumption compared to reactive control approaches.

[0059] Privacy-Aware and User-Selectable Intelligence: The SMARTair system is expressly designed to allow homeowners to control which sensing and automation features are enabled. Environmental sensing may be limited to non-intrusive parameters, and advanced data processing may be performed locally at individual units or within the home, reducing reliance on external data transmission. This design allows the system to deliver intelligent environmental control while respecting privacy preferences and minimizing unnecessary data collection.

[0060] Customizable Assistive, Monitoring, Safety, Security, and Hazard Detection Embodiments: In certain embodiments, the SMARTair system may be selectively configured to support assistive, monitoring, and safety-related functions tailored to a household's specific needs. Because sensing and processing capabilities can be distributed across multiple SMARTair node embedments throughout a home, the system may infer conditions, events, or anomalies using environmental, airflow-based, or spatial indicators rather than relying exclusively on intrusive monitoring technologies. These functions may be enabled, limited, or disabled on a per-home, per-room, or per-userbasis, based on homeowner preferences, comfort levels, privacy considerations, and cost constraints.

[0061] By way of non-limiting example, selected configurations may support elderly care, infant monitoring, or fall-risk detection using a combination of environmental sensing and spatial awareness. In some embodiments, this may include the use of low-resolution or medium-pixel-definition infrared (IR) imaging devices configured to detect body presence, posture changes, movement patterns, or sudden positional transitions indicative of a fall or prolonged inactivity. Such IR-based sensing may be configured to operate without capturing identifiable facial features or detailed visual likenesses, thereby enabling functional monitoring of safety-related events while preserving occupant anonymity. Similar techniques may be applied to pet monitoring by identifying movement, location, or confinement within designated areas based on thermal signatures or environmental disturbances. Data from multiple SMARTair nodes may be correlated to estimate movement paths or location zones, enabling alerts, automated responses, or integration with external security or automation platforms while maintaining a privacy-conscious design philosophy.

[0062] In further embodiments, the SMARTair system may enhance residential safety and security by detecting hazardous or abnormal conditions through distributed environmental sensing and spatial monitoring. For example, the system may identify elevated concentrations of carbon monoxide, smoke byproducts, or other harmful gases and respond by issuing alerts, modifying airflow paths, increasing ventilation, or interfacing with external safety systems. Because sensing nodes are spatially distributed, suchconditions may be detected near their source rather than relying solely on centralized detectors.

[0063] Future Expansion and Evolution, and Third-Party Integration: The SMARTair system is designed to support extensive customization and future expansion through modular hardware interfaces, software-based feature enablement, and connectivity with third-party devices or Intemet-of-Things (loT) ecosystems. In certain embodiments, individual SMARTair units may include expansion ports or communication interfaces configured to accept add-on modules providing additional sensing, control, processing, communication, or audio-visual capabilities. Environmental data generated by selected system configurations may be exchanged with compatible home automation platforms, energy-management systems, safety systems, or assistive technologies, and the system may likewise receive user preferences, schedules, or control inputs from such platforms. Because sensing, control, and intelligence are embedded within the SMARTair infrastructure itself, the system may be deployed initially in a basic configuration and progressively expanded over time through configurable hardware modules or software updates as new technologies become available or as consumer needs and preferences evolve. This modular and interoperable architecture allows the residential environment to adapt organically, supporting a wide range of personalized comfort, energy, wellness, security, and digital-assistance use cases without requiring replacement of core HVAC or airflow infrastructure.

[0064] The Novelty of Design Process resides in the architectural design and integration of airflow control within a recessed light residential form factor, wherein mechanical, electrical, and control components are combined in a manner that enables localizedairflow regulation at individual vents. In certain embodiments, the system may further support coordination among multiple vents or lighting elements; however, such features are optional and not required for all implementations. This architecture enables a scalable, distributed approach to residential airflow management that may be deployed in basic or expanded configurations depending on application requirements.

[0065] The SMARTair system is distinct from the prior art in that it provides a recessed environmental-control platform capable of independent vent-level operation within unique home environments, rather than relying exclusively on centralized HVAC zoning or conventional passive vents. While individual aspects such as lighting fixtures, airflow dampers, sensors, or network connectivity may be known independently, the prior art does not disclose or suggest their integration into a unified recessed platform that supports selectable sensing, control, and coordination features. Importantly, advanced capabilities such as adaptive zoning, scheduling, predictive control, modular expandability, or third-party interoperability may be implemented in certain embodiments, but are not required in all embodiments.

[0066] Accordingly, although certain components of the SMARTair system may be known in isolation, the claimed combination and arrangement of these components within a recessed environmental-control architecture yields functional advantages not taught or suggested by the prior art. The resulting system enables a flexible, upgradeable residential airflow solution that can evolve from simple vent-level control to more advanced distributed operation through optional hardware or software enhancements. This modular and embodiment-driven approach provides a non-obvious pathway fortransforming conventional residential H AC systems into responsive, energy-efficient environments without imposing unnecessary complexity or feature requirements.

Claims

1.CLAIMS1) A recessed lighting Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) airflow-control vent system configured to operate as a distributed airflow-control node within a forced-air HVAC system, the system comprising:a) an inner light fixture can configured to house at least one illumination element; b) an outer air distributor can disposed outwardly of and surrounding at least a portion of the inner light fixture can and, together with the inner light fixture can, defining an airflow passage extending between an air distribution receptacle and an air outlet;c) an air distribution receptacle operatively connectable to an HVAC duct and configured to receive supply air or return air;d) an air outlet positioned at a room-facing end of the airflow passage and configured to discharge airflow into or draw airflow from an intended room or zone served by the system;e) at least one airflow-modulating element positioned to operate within the airflow passage and to control a volumetric flow rate of HVAC air through the system; andf) wherein the inner light fixture can, the outer air distributor can, and the airflowmodulating element are integrated within a recessed lighting form factor configured to be installed at least partially within a cavity of a building surface such that a majority of the system is concealed within or beyond a plane of the building surface, while providing localized, independently controllable HVAC airflow regulation at a room or zone level.2) The system of claim 1 , further comprising a vent controller operatively coupled to at least one airflow-modulating element and configured to operatively control the airflowmodulating element.3) The system of claim 1 , further comprising a reverse flow valve configured to selectively enable supply airflow or return airflow through the airflow passage.4) The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one processing component operatively coupled to the system.5) The system of claim 1, further comprising a hub operatively coupled to the system and configured to interface with one or more airflow-control vent systems.6) The system of claim 1 , wherein the HVAC duct is operatively coupled to a duct system to convey supply air or return air between the system and an air handling unit.7) The system of claim 1 , wherein a splitter is configured to divide airflow from at least one of an HVAC duct or a duct system to a plurality of air vents, at least one of which comprises the airflow-control vent system of claim 1.8) A recessed lighting and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) smart vent system, comprising:a) an inner light fixture can configured to house at least one illumination element; b) an outer air distributor can disposed outwardly of and surrounding at least a portion of the inner light fixture can, the inner light fixture can and the outer air distributor can together defining an airflow passage extending between an air distribution receptacle and an air outlet;c) an air distribution receptacle operatively connectable to an HVAC duct and configured to receive supply air or return air;d) an air outlet positioned at a room-facing end of the airflow passage and configured to discharge airflow into or draw airflow from an intended room or zone served by the system;e) at least one processing component or computational device configured to perform control, communication, or data-processing functions associated with operation of a smart device; andf) wherein the inner light fixture can, the outer air distributor can, and the processing component or computational device are integrated within a recessed lighting form factor configured to be installed at least partially within a cavity of a building surface, such that a majority of the system is concealed within or beyond a plane of the building surface.9) The system of claim 8, further comprising an airflow-modulating element operatively coupled to the system and configured to regulate airflow through the system.10) The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one user interface operatively coupled to the system.11) The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one smart device operatively coupled to the system.12) The system of claim 8, further comprising a communication system operatively coupled to the system.13) The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one environmental sensor operatively coupled to the system.14) The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one expansion port or interface operatively coupled to the system and configured to operatively connect an add-on device.15) The system of claim 8, further comprising a third-party integration interface configured to enable interoperability with external systems or devices.16) The system of claim 8, further configured to operate as a node in a distributed network node-repeater system by receiving and relaying data between the system and one or more other nodes.17) The system of claim 8, further comprising a modular or expandable architecture including standardized mechanical, electrical, or communication interfaces configured to receive add-on hardware modules or auxiliary components.18) The system of claim 8, further comprising software or firmware extensibility implemented via a processing component of the system and configured to enable installation of updates, applications, or algorithms to expand system functionality.19) A method of achieving desired thermal conditions using one or more recessed light HVAC airflow-control vent systems of claim 1, the method comprising: modulating airflow through one or more vent systems to influence temperature distribution within a room, zone, or building.20) A method of reducing HVAC system runtime or energy consumption using the recessed light HVAC airflow-control vent system of claim 1, the method comprising: regulating HVAC airflow through one or more vent systems to reduce unnecessary airflow to at least one room or zone.21 ) A method of adapting conventional or existing ductwork for the recessed light HVAC airflow-control vent system of claim 1, the method comprising: installing an air ducting adapter splitter system coupled to existing ductwork to redistribute airflow to one or more recessed light HVAC airflow-control vent systems.22) A method of expanding functionality or control capabilities of the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising operating a third-party integration interface of the system to enable interoperability between the system and at least one external system or device.23) A method of communicating data via the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising operating the system as a node in a distributed network node-repeater system by transmitting, receiving, and relaying data between the system and one or more other nodes.24) A method of expanding the capabilities of the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising: operatively connecting an add-on device to the system via at least one interface of the system.25) A method of utilizing predictive control for the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising operating a processing component of the system to generate predictive control outputs based on input data including sensor data, and automatically adjusting one or more system operations in accordance with the predictive control outputs.26) A method of occupant or user identification using the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising: operating a processing component ofthe system to determine an occupant classification, identity, or occupancy state based on input data associated with the system.27) A method of establishing zone-to-zone or multizone control for the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising: monitoring environmental or occupancy conditions across two or more zones based on input data, and modulating airflow through one or more vent systems to coordinate environmental conditions between the zones.28) A method of environmental, thermal, illumination, occupant, or object mapping within a zone, room, or building using the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising: operating a processing component of the system to process sensor data detected by at least one environmental sensor to generate mapping data associated with spatial conditions within the zone, room, or building. 29) A method of intelligent scheduling for the recessed light HVAC smart vent system of claim 8, the method comprising: operating a processing component of the system to dynamically generate, modify, or execute an intelligent schedule that adaptively controls one or more operational states or functions based on input data, sensed conditions, learned patterns, or combinations thereof.30) The method of claim 29, further comprising automatically modulating or substantially reducing airflow, including reducing airflow to a minimal or substantially zero level, to a room or zone of the system based on occupancy data detected by at least one environmental sensor.

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