Devices, methods, and medium for communication
By determining timing information for a start-indicator part in R2D transmissions, the solution addresses the challenge of supporting ultra-low complexity and power consumption in ambient IoT devices, enhancing communication efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies face challenges in efficiently supporting ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power consumption devices for ambient IoT applications in the new radio system, requiring new features such as a start-indicator part for R2D transmissions to signal the start of the transmission.
A device determines timing information for a start-indicator part (SIP) in R2D transmissions based on minimum or maximum time durations between D2R and R2D transmissions, using high or low voltage chips depending on frequency band overlap, to facilitate efficient communication.
Enables efficient reception of R2D transmissions by ambient IoT devices, optimizing power consumption and complexity for low-power devices.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025071584_16072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES, METHODS, AND MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATIONFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices, methods, and a computer readable medium for communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] Recently, a study item on ambient internet of things (ambient-IoT or A-IoT) has been started in third generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 19 (Rel-19 or R19) . The study targets at a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications. To support ambient IoT devices in the new radio (NR) system, new features should be introduced, e.g., new waveform, new frame structure, new physical layer and high layer procedures, etc.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods, and a computer storage medium for communication.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the first device at least to: determine a reader to device (R2D) transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a start indicator part (SIP) ; determine timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a device to reader (D2R) transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol; and transmit, to a second device, the R2D transmission based on the timing information.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the second device at least to: receive, from a first device, an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determine timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the first device at least to: determine an R2D transmission based on a first frequency band for the R2D transmission and a second frequency band for a carrier wave (CW) , wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, and the preamble comprises a SIP; and transmit, to a second device, the R2D transmission on the first frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the second device at least to: receive, from a first device or a CW node, a CW on a second frequency band; receive, from the first device, an R2D transmission on a first frequency band, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determine the R2D transmission based on the first frequency band and the second frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; determining timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol; and transmitting, to a second device, the R2D transmission based on the timing information.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determining timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining an R2D transmission based on a first frequency band for the R2D transmission and a second frequency band for a CW, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, and the preamble comprises a SIP; and transmitting, to a second device, the R2D transmission on the first frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device or a CW node, a CW on a second frequency band; receiving, from the first device, an R2D transmission on a first frequency band, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determining the R2D transmission based on the first frequency band and the second frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any of the fifth to the eighth aspects above.
[0013] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0015] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0016] FIG. 1B illustrates an example schematic of a communication between an A-IoT device and a reader;
[0017] FIG. 1C illustrates an example schematic of deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 for an A-IoT device;
[0018] FIG. 1D illustrates an example schematic of deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 for an A-IoT device;
[0019] FIG. 2 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIGS. 3A-3F illustrate some examples of the SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate some examples of EP together with SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 5 illustrates another signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate some examples of SIP together with CW in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0028] FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0031] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0032] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0033] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0034] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0035] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0036] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0037] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also be incorporated one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0038] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a satellite, an unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0039] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device and the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0040] Communications discussed herein may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, New Radio (NR) Access, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , cdma2000, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the like. Furthermore, the communications may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.85G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , and the sixth (6G) communication protocols. The techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other wireless networks and radio technologies. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0041] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0042] The terminal device or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network device under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0043] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, or channel emulator.
[0044] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or 6G networks.
[0045] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0046] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0047] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0048] It is to be noted that, in the present disclosure, if not specified otherwise, the term “OFDM symbol” indicates CP-OFDM symbol, or any variant of OFDM symbol, e.g., DFT-s-OFDM, GI-OFDM, zero CP OFDM, unique word OFDM, etc.
[0049] A study item on Ambient IoT has completed in 3GPP Rel-18, which provides a terminological and scoping framework for future discussions of Ambient IoT. This has defined representative use cases, deployment scenarios, connectivity topologies, Ambient IoT devices, design targets, and required functionalities. It also conducted a preliminary feasibility assessment and gave recommendations for down-selection in setting the scope of Rel-19 radio access network (RAN) work group (WG) level study. The study on A-IoT, which has been started in 3GPP RAN1 and RAN2 in Rel-19, targets at a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications.
[0050] To support ambient IoT devices in the NR system, new features should be introduced, e.g., new waveform, new frame structure, new physical layer and higher layer procedures, etc. It is agreed that a start-indicator part can be used at the very beginning of a preamble of an R2D transmission, to signal to an A-IoT device a start of an R2D transmission. however, details on the SIP are further to be studied.
[0051] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication. In the solution, a first device (such as a Reader) may determine timing information of the SIP based on a minimum time duration and / or a maximum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission, where the timing information may be a start time and / or an end time of the SIP which may be located at a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol. As such, the design of SIP is provided, and timing information of the SIP is proposed. Accordingly, the A-IoT device may detect the SIP at least based on the timing information, so as to determine a start of an R2D transmission. Therefore, the R2D transmission can be efficiently received by the A-IoT device. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0052] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100 may include A-IoT devices 110-1 to 110-M (separately or collectively referred to as an A-IoT device 110) , a terminal device 120, a network device 130 and a core network (CN) entity 140.
[0053] For ease of description, the A-IoT device 110 may be referred to as a Device in some cases, and the terminal device 120 and the network device 130 may be collectively or separately referred to as a Reader in some cases. It is to be noted that although a base station (BS) and / or user equipment (UE) is illustrated as a reader, the device type of the reader can be in a different type which is not limited for this aspect.
[0054] In some examples, a transmission from the Device (i.e. ambient IoT device) to the Reader (the terminal device 120 or the network device 130) may be referred to as a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission or an uplink (UL) transmission. In some examples, a transmission from the Reader to the Device may be referred to as a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission or a downlink (DL) transmission.
[0055] The CN entity 140 may be a network function (NF) in CN, such as a 5GC or a 6G core network. For example, the CN entity 140 may be implemented as an A-IoT function (AIoTF) or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) of a 5GC.
[0056] In some examples, the network 100 may also include an additional carrier wave node (CWN) , which may transmit carrier wave e.g., for harvesting the A-IoT device 110. In some examples, the CWN may be a device that is different from the terminal device 120 or the network device 130. In some other examples, the CWN may be implemented as one of the terminal device 120 or the network device 130. For example, the CWN may be a UE, a relay node, a gNB, or a network controlled node. For example, the CWN may be outside topology or inside topology.
[0057] Communications in the environment, between a network device and a terminal device for example, between a network device / aterminal device and an A-IoT device for example, may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Divided Multiple Address (CDMA) , Frequency Divided Multiple Address (FDMA) , Time Divided Multiple Address (TDMA) , Frequency Divided Duplexer (FDD) , Time Divided Duplexer (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Divided Multiple Access (OFDMA) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0058] Embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to any suitable scenarios. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented at reduced capability NR devices. Alternatively, embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in one of the followings: NR multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) , NR sidelink enhancements, NR systems with frequency above 52.6GHz, an extending NR operation up to 71GHz, narrow band-Internet of Thing (NB-IOT) / enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) over non-terrestrial networks (NTN) , NTN, UE power saving enhancements, NR coverage enhancement, NB-IoT and LTE-MTC, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , NR Multicast and Broadcast Services, or enhancements on Multi-Radio Dual-Connectivity.
[0059] It is to be understood that the numbers of devices and their connection relationships and types shown in FIG. 1A are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The environment may include any suitable numbers of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0060] The Ambient IoT refers to a new class of IoT devices primarily powered by harvesting ambient energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other viable ambient energy source. FIG. 1B illustrates an example schematic of a communication 105 between an A-IoT device 110 and a Reader 112 (which may be the terminal device 120 or the network device 130) . It is to be noted that although the reader is illustrated as a UE in FIG. 1B, the device type of the reader can be in a different type which is not limited for this aspect.
[0061] The Ambient IoT is an extension of the existing IoT. Ambient IoT devices carry out many of the same functions as IoT devices and target many of the same use cases but require additional design choices to meet solution demands. By relying on energy harvested from ambient sources, the Ambient IoT makes it possible to develop lower-cost, smaller, and maintenance-free devices, allowing the IoT to become more scalable in existing use cases and in use cases still to be developed.
[0062] Harvesting energy from ambient sources generates only minimal amounts of power. This creates the inherent requirement for Ambient IoT devices to be less complex and more power efficient. The A-IoT device does not need to actively generate a signal, but communicates by reflecting electromagnetic waves generated by other devices.
[0063] The following connectivity topologies (topology 1 and topology 2) for Ambient IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study on ambient IoT in RAN. In all these topologies, the Ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
[0064] FIG. 1C illustrates an example schematic of deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 for an A-IoT device. In Topology 1, the ambient IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a base station. The BS serves as the Reader for the ambient IoT device and performs operation (e.g., inventory, read, write, etc. ) to the ambient IoT device. The communication between the base station and the ambient IoT device includes Ambient IoT data and / or signalling. This topology includes the possibility that the BS transmitting to the Ambient IoT device is a different from the BS receiving from the Ambient IoT device. In topology 1, the base station and coexistence characteristics may include Micro-cell, co-site, etc.
[0065] FIG. 1D illustrates an example schematic of deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 for an A-IoT device. In Topology 2, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and the base station. The intermediate node serves as the Reader for the ambient IoT device and performs operation (e.g., inventory, read, write, etc. ) to the ambient IoT device. In this topology, the intermediate node can be a relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node transfers Ambient IoT data and / or signalling between the base station and the Ambient IoT device. In topology 2, the base station and coexistence characteristics may include Micro-cell, co-site, etc. In topology 2, the location of intermediate node may be indoor.
[0066] An overall objective of the study on ambient IoT shall be to study a harmonized air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT to enable the following devices: ○ Device 1: ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. ○ Device 2a: ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. ○ Device 2b: ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is generated internally by the device.
[0067] R2D waveform of an R2D transmission may be generated based on on-off keying (OOK) . The time domain OOK signal may be M chips of one OFDM symbol, and a chip may be represented (e.g., upsampled) by L samples. An N’ -points discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is performed on the samples of one OFDM symbol to obtain the frequency domain frequency, where N’ =128, or N’ =M*L, or N’ =X (i.e., a number of subcarrier for R2D transmission) , or N’ is another value (e.g., 2n) . In addition, the frequency domain signal obtained by N’ -points DFT may be mapped to X subcarriers of Btx, R2D. On the other side, an N-point inverse DFT (IDFT) may be performed to obtain the time domain signal.
[0068] An R2D timing acquisition signal (R-TAS) , immediately preceding the transmission of physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) , is included at least for timing acquisition and indicating the start of R2D transmission in the time domain. An R-TAS structure using a preamble is studied, in which a start-indicator part provides the start of the R2D transmission, and immediately precedes a clock-acquisition part which is used to determine the OOK chip duration of the subsequent PRDCH transmission. The preamble is not part of PRDCH.
[0069] The following options have been studied for the start-indicator part: - Option 1: ON-OFF transmission is considered based on energy / edge detection, and multiple alternatives have been studied including: - Alt 1: A single ON-OFF transmission, i.e. one high-voltage transmission followed by one low-voltage transmission, where ON and OFF may have same or different durations; - Alt 2: A multi-ON-OFF transmission, where different ON and different OFF may have same or different durations and different parts may have same or different duration. - Option 2: ON-OFF sequence-based design is considered which consists of a pre- defined sequence for detection of start-indicator part based on digital correlation.
[0070] For both the options, it is observed that a fixed duration for the start-indicator part can be considered, regardless of the value of M used for PRDCH transmissions. For both the options, it may be beneficial that the start-indicator part is distinguishable at least from other parts of the R2D transmissions.
[0071] In the present disclosure, a solution of the SIP, at the very beginning of a preamble of an R2D transmission, is provided. The SIP may include a plurality of chips, each chip may be a high voltage chip (or called as a high voltage signal) or a low voltage chip (or called as a low voltage signal) . For example, at the transmitter side, a high voltage signal may be a non-zero power signal, and a low voltage signal may be a zero power signal. In some examples, the SIP includes at least one high voltage chip and at least one low voltage chip. In some examples, the R2D transmission is generated based on an OFDM waveform framework, e.g., OOK-1 or OOK-4. In some examples, the high voltage chip may be interchangeably used with an OOK-ON chip, and the low voltage chip may be interchangeably used with an OOK-OFF chip. For example, a high voltage chip (or OOK-ON chip) may be represented by a bit value “1” , and a low voltage chip (or OOK-OFF chip) may be represented by a bit value “0” .
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve a first device 201 and a second device 202, where the first device 201 may be a Reader such as a terminal device 120 or a network device 130 as discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, and where the second device 202 may be a Device such as an A-IoT device 110 as discussed with reference to FIG. 1A. It would be appreciated that the process 200 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0073] In the process 200, the first device 201 determines to transmit an R2D transmission at 210. In some implementations, the R2D transmission may be a transmission following a corresponding D2R transmission, as illustrated, the second device 202 may transmit, and the first device 201 may receive a D2R transmission at 205, accordingly the R2D transmission may correspond to the D2R transmission.
[0074] In some implementations, the R2D transmission may be the first transmission of a paging procedure from the first device 201 to the second device 202. In some implementations, the R2D transmission may be a transmission that is not following a corresponding D2R transmission.
[0075] In some example embodiments, the R2D transmission includes a preamble at the beginning of the R2D transmission. In some example embodiments, the preamble includes a SIP which comprises at least one high voltage chip (e.g., an OOK-ON chip) and at least one low voltage chip (e.g., an OOK-OFF chip) .
[0076] In the process 200, the first device 201 determines timing information of the SIP at 220. In some implementations, the timing information may be a start time of the SIP and / or the end time of the SIP. In some implementations, the first device 201 may determine the start time and / or the end time of the SIP, e.g., based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission.
[0077] In some examples, the minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission may be represented as TD2R_min, and the maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission may be represented as TD2R_max. For example, the R2D transmission timing is expected to be within [TD2R_min, TD2R_max] , when the R2D transmission in response to a D2R transmission is expected for A-IoT Msg2 response to A-IoT Msg1 for the A-IoT device.
[0078] In some implementations, the first device 201 may determine that the timing information of the SIP (e.g., the start time and / or the end time of the SIP) is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of an OFDM symbol, or a time instance within an OFDM symbol.
[0079] In some example embodiments, the first device 201 may determine that the SIP starts from a beginning of an OFDM symbol excluding a cyclic prefix (CP) . In some examples, the R2D transmission may start at the beginning of the OFDM symbol. In some examples, if a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and a start of an OFDM symbol is not smaller than (or larger than) the minimum duration TD2R_min, the first device 201 may determine that the start time of the SIP is the start of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, a time period between the end of the D2R transmission and the start of the OFDM symbol is smaller than the maximum duration TD2R_max, and a time period between the end of the D2R transmission and an end of the OFDM symbol is larger than the maximum duration TD2R_max.
[0080] In some examples, the first device 201 may generate the CP of the OFDM symbols, e.g., based on an end part of the OFDM symbol. For example, the CP may be copied from the end part of the OFDM symbol.
[0081] In some examples, an end part of the CP may be determined as a low voltage signal, which may be shorter than an OOK-OFF chip or which may be one or several OOK-OFF chips. For example, the second device 202 (i.e. the Device) may not expect the SIP is preceded by a high voltage chip (OOK-ON chip) . For example, if the SIP starts with one or multiple high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) , a time duration of high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) that detected by the Device may be the same as the time duration of the first one or multiple high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) . For example, if the SIP starts with one or multiple low voltage chips (OOK-OFF chips) , a time duration of low voltage chips (OOK-OFF chips) that detected by the Device may be longer than the time duration of the first one or multiple low voltage chips (OOK-OFF chips) .
[0082] In some examples, an end part of the CP may be determined as a high voltage signal, which may be shorter than an OOK-ON chip or which may be one or several OOK-ON chips. For example, the second device 202 (i.e. the Device) may not expect the SIP is preceded by a low voltage chip (OOK-OFF chip) from the Device perspective. For example, if the SIP starts with one or multiple high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) , a time duration of high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) that detected by the Device may be longer than the time duration of the first one or multiple high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) . For example, if the SIP starts with one or multiple low voltage chips (OOK-OFF chips) , a time duration of low voltage chips (OOK-OFF chips) that detected by the Device may be the same as the time duration of the first one or multiple low voltage chips (OOK-OFF chips) .
[0083] In some implementations, the first device 201 may generate the SIP that includes a plurality of chip groups, for example, each of the plurality of chip groups may include one or multiple chips. In some examples, the SIP may be generated based on an M value irrespective of the M value used for other part of the R2D transmission (such as control information, data, or clock-acquisition part, PRDCH, etc. ) In some examples, the first K chip groups of the M chip groups may be the SIP. In some examples, the first one or L chip groups of the K chip groups may be high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) , that is the first one or L chip groups of the SIP may be high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) , where 1≤L<K<M. In some examples, the rest M-K chip groups may be generated based on a predefined signal.
[0084] In some examples, a chip group may be an OOK-ON chip group, which may be represented by or mapped to a sequence with one or multiple non-zero value samples. In some examples, a chip group may be an OOK-OFF chip group, which may be represented by or mapped to a sequence with one or multiple zero value samples.
[0085] In some examples, the SIP includes K chip groups. In some examples, the SIP may include multiple first type of chip groups and one or more than one second type of chip groups. For example, the first type of chip group may be an OOK-OFF chip group and the second type of chip group may be an OOK-ON chip group; or, the first type of chip group may be an OOK-ON chip group and the second type of chip group may be an OOK-OFF chip group. In some examples, a first number of the multiple first type of chip groups is larger than a second number of the one or more than one second type of chip groups. For example, the first number is at least two times greater than the second number. For instance, the first number is represented by N1, the second number is represented by N2, then N1 / N2=N3 is not smaller than 2, e.g., N3=3 or another value.
[0086] For example, the K chip groups may be one of the following: 1000, 0111, 101000, 10111, 101110, 010111, 01000, 010001, etc., where “1” represents an OOK-ON chip group including one or multiple OOK-ON chips, and “0” represents an OOK-OFF chip group including one or multiple OOK-OFF chips.
[0087] Specifically, the SIP may comprise a consecutive high voltage signal (e.g., N1 OOK-ON chips) and a consecutive low voltage signal (e.g., N2 OOK-OFF chips) , and the time duration of the consecutive high voltage signal is equal to N3 times of the time duration of the consecutive low voltage signal (i.e., N1 = N2 *N3) , or the time duration of the consecutive low voltage signal is equal to N3 times of the time duration of the consecutive high voltage signal (i.e., N2 = N1 *N3) . Optionally, N3 = 3; or N3 is a number not smaller than 2.
[0088] As such, if Manchester coding is applied to the control or data part of the R2D transmission, e.g., PRDCH, there can only be at most two consecutive OOK-ON or OOK-OFF chips based on the allowed Machester codewords. By utilizing this feature, a time duration of the first type of chips in the SIP be more than two times of the time duration of the second type of chips, then the SIP will be distinguishable from other part of the R2D transmission, therefore the false detection rate of SIP can be reduced.
[0089] In some examples, for the signal generation of the SIP, it may be based on the following existing procedure:
[0090] In some example embodiments, the first device 201 may determine that the SIP ends at an end of an OFDM symbol. In some examples, if a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and an end of an OFDM symbol is larger than a length of the SIP and is not larger than a sum of the length of the SIP and the maximum time duration TD2R_max, the first device 201 may determine that the end time of the SIP is the end of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, a time period between the end of the D2R transmission and the start of the OFDM symbol is smaller than the minimum duration TD2R_min.
[0091] For example, the end of the D2R transmission is represented as t2, the end of the OFDM symbol is represented as t4, and the length of the SIP is represented as T3. For example, if t4-t2-T3 is smaller than or is not larger then TD2R_max, the SIP may end at the end of the OFDM symbol (i.e. t4) . For example, the start time of the SIP may be at a time instance within the OFDM symbol, or the start time of the SIP may be aligned with the start of the OFDM symbol.
[0092] In some implementations, the first device 201 may generate the SIP that includes a plurality of chip groups, for example, each of the plurality of chip groups may include one or multiple chips. In some examples, the SIP may be generated based on an M value irrespective of the M value used for other part of the R2D transmission (such as control information, data, or clock-acquisition part, etc. ) In some examples, the last K chip groups of the M chip groups may be the SIP. In some examples, the first one or L chip groups of the K chip groups may be high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) , that is the first one or L chip groups of the SIP may be high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) , where 1≤L<K<M.
[0093] In some examples, a chip group may be an OOK-ON chip group, which may be represented by or mapped to a sequence with one or multiple non-zero value samples. In some examples, a chip group may be an OOK-OFF chip group, which may be represented by or mapped to a sequence with one or multiple zero value samples.
[0094] In some examples, the rest M-K chip groups of the OFDM symbol may be mapped with 0. For example, the rest M-K chip groups may be OOK-OFF chip groups (or low voltage chip groups) .
[0095] As such, other signal (such as clock-acquisition part) following the SIP can always be started at an OFDM boundary, thereby achieving a unified design.
[0096] In some implementations, there may be no D2R transmission that correspond to the R2D transmission, for example, the R2D transmission is the first transmission of a paging procedure, or the R2D transmission is not a transmission that follows a corresponding D2R transmission, then the first device 201 may determine that the SIP starts at a start of an OFDM symbol, or the first device 201 may determine that the SIP ends at an end of an OFDM symbol.
[0097] In some implementations, an OFDM symbol may include the SIP but not include other part of the R2D transmission (such as control information, data, or clock-acquisition part, etc. ) For example, a specific OFDM symbol may include SIP only, that is, there will be no other part of the R2D transmission mapped in the specific OFDM symbol. As such, the SIP can start from any time instance within the specific OFDM symbol, without affecting the design of other part of the R2D transmission. In some examples, a length of the SIP may be smaller than a length of an OFDM symbol, and a SIP occupies one OFDM symbol and does not cross two different OFDM symbols.
[0098] In some example embodiments, the first device 201 may generate an extended part (EP) that is in the same OFDM symbol with the SIP. In some examples, the preamble may include the EP and the SIP.
[0099] In some examples, if the SIP does not end at an end of an OFDM symbol, the first device 201 may generate a first EP between an end time of the SIP and an end of the OFDM symbol. For example, the end time of the SIP may be a first time instance within the OFDM symbol. For example, the EP includes the first EP, which starts from the end time of the SIP and ends at the end of the OFDM symbol.
[0100] In some examples, if the SIP does not start at a start of an OFDM symbol, the first device 201 may generate a second EP between the start of the OFDM symbol and the start time of the SIP. For example, the start time of the SIP may be a second time instance within the OFDM symbol. For example, the EP includes the second EP, which starts from the start of the OFDM symbol (the CP may be included or excluded) and ends at the start time of the SIP.
[0101] In some examples, if a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the start time of the SIP is larger than the maximum time duration TD2R_max, the first device 201 may generate a third EP before the start time of the SIP. For example, a time period between the end of the D2R transmission and a start of the third EP may be equal to or be smaller than the maximum time duration TD2R_max, as such the third EP is placed in front of the SIP to meet a time requirement of TD2R_max. In this case, the SIP may start from a start of an OFDM symbol or from a time instance within the OFDM symbol. In this case, the SIP may end at an end of the OFDM symbol or at a time instance within the OFDM symbol. In this case, the third EP may include at least one high voltage chip (i.e. at least one OOK-ON chip) . For example, the first one or multiple chips of the third EP are OOK-ON chips.
[0102] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may generate the EP (at least one of the first EP, the second EP, or the third EP) based on a predefined signal. For example, the EP may include one or more OOK-ON chips, a consecutive high voltage signal, one or more OOK-OFF chips, or a consecutive low voltage signal.
[0103] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may generate the EP (at least one of the first EP, the second EP, or the third EP) based on a chip of the SIP that is adjacent to the EP. In some examples, the signal of the EP may be the same as the chip / signal of the SIP that is adjacent to the EP.
[0104] In some examples, the first EP may be the same as the last chip of the SIP. For example, the SIP ends with an OOK-OFF chip, and the first EP is mapped with one or multiple OOK-OFF chips. For example, the SIP ends with an OOK-ON chip, and the first EP is mapped with one or multiple OOK-ON chips. In other words, the last chip of the SIP may be extended to the end of the OFDM symbol (symbol boundary) .
[0105] In some examples, the second or third EP may be the same as the first chip of the SIP. For example, the SIP starts with an OOK-OFF chip, and the second or third EP may be mapped with one or multiple OOK-OFF chips. For example, the SIP starts with an OOK-ON chip, and the second or third EP is mapped with one or multiple OOK-ON chips. In other words, the first chip of the SIP may be extended to a start of an OFDM symbol (symbol boundary) or to the time instance that satisfies the maximum time duration TD2R_max.
[0106] In the process 200, the first device 201 transmits, and the second device 202 receives, the R2D transmission based on the timing information at 230.
[0107] In some examples, the second device 202 may detect and receive the SIP, and accordingly can determine a start of the R2D transmission. In some examples, the second device 202 may expect the SIP starts from a start of an OFDM symbol. In some examples, the second device 202 may expect the SIP ends at an end of an OFDM symbol. In some examples, the SIP may start with one or multiple OOK-ON chips, and the second device 202 may determine a start of the SIP based on detecting the one or multiple OOK-ON chips.
[0108] FIG. 3A illustrates an example 310 of SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, a start time of the SIP is the start 312 of the OFDM symbol, and the first chip 315 of the SIP is an OOK-ON chip (ahigh voltage signal) .
[0109] FIG. 3B illustrates an example 320 of SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, an end time of the SIP is the end 322 of the OFDM symbol, and the first chip 325 of the SIP is an OOK-ON chip (ahigh voltage signal) .
[0110] FIG. 3C illustrates an example 330 of SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, a start time of the SIP is the start 332 of the OFDM symbol, and a time period (T1) 335 between an end of a D2R transmission and the start time of the SIP should be larger than the minimum time duration TD2R_min.
[0111] FIG. 3D illustrates an example 340 of SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, an end time of the SIP is the end 342 of the OFDM symbol, and a time period (T2) 345 between an end of a D2R transmission and the start time of the SIP should be larger than the minimum time duration TD2R_min and be smaller than the maximum time duration TD2R_max.
[0112] FIG. 3E illustrates an example 350 of SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, a start time of the SIP is the start of the OFDM symbol, and the first chip of the SIP is an OOK-ON chip (ahigh voltage signal) . The CP is added which may be a copy 355 of an end part of the OFDM symbol. For example, the CP includes a low voltage signal such as one or multiple OOK-OFF chips.
[0113] FIG. 3F illustrates an example 360 of SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, a start time of the SIP is the start of the OFDM symbol, and the first chip of the SIP is an OOK-ON chip (ahigh voltage signal) . The CP is added which may be a copy 365 of an end part of the OFDM symbol. For example, the CP includes a high voltage signal such as one or multiple OOK-ON chips.
[0114] FIG. 4A illustrates an example 410 of EP together with SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, a start time of the SIP is the start of the OFDM symbol, and an EP 415 is also included between an end time 412 of the SIP and an end 414 of the OFDM symbol. For example, the EP 415 includes one or multiple OOK-OFF chips, since the last chip of the SIP is an OOK-OFF chip.
[0115] FIG. 4B illustrates an example 420 of EP together with SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, an end time of the SIP is the end of the OFDM symbol, and an EP 425 is also included between a start 424 of the OFDM symbol and a start time 422 of the SIP. For example, the EP 415 includes one or multiple OOK-ON chips, since the first chip of the SIP is an OOK-ON chip.
[0116] FIG. 4C illustrates an example 430 of EP together with SIP in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, a start time of the SIP is a first time instance within the OFDM symbol and an end time of the SIP is a second time instance within the OFDM symbol, and an EP 435 and an EP 436 are also included. As illustrated, the EP 435 is included between a start 434 of the OFDM symbol and a start time 432 of the SIP, and the EP 436 is included between an end time 433 of the SIP and an end 437 of the OFDM symbol. For example, the EP 435 includes one or multiple OOK-ON chips, since the first chip of the SIP is an OOK-ON chip. For example, the EP 436 includes one or multiple OOK-OFF chips, since the last chip of the SIP is an OOK-OFF chip.
[0117] According to embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2-4C, timing information of the SIP may be determined based on a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission and / or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission. As such, a start time of the R2D transmission relative to OFDM symbol timing can be determined.
[0118] According to the solution, the SIP may be flexibly placed at the beginning part, end part or middle part of an OFDM symbol, the timing relation between R2D and D2R can be well satisfied. In addition, the SIP can be well aligned with OFDM symbol boundary, and it will not cross symbol boundary, it is beneficial for the generation of other part of the R2D transmission.
[0119] Reference is further made to FIG. 5, which illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 500 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve a first device 201 and a second device 202, where the first device 201 may be a Reader such as a terminal device 120 or a network device 130 as discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, and where the second device 202 may be a Device such as an A-IoT device 110 as discussed with reference to FIG. 1A. It would be appreciated that the process 500 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0120] In the process 500, the first device 201 determines an R2D transmission at 510 based on first frequency band for the R2D transmission and a second frequency band for a CW. In some implementations, R2D transmission includes a preamble at the beginning of the R2D transmission. In some example embodiments, the preamble includes a SIP which comprises at least one high voltage chip (e.g., an OOK-ON chip) and at least one low voltage chip (e.g., an OOK-OFF chip) .
[0121] In some embodiments, the first frequency band and the second frequency band may be overlapped. For example, the CW and the R2D transmission are transmitted in a same or overlapped frequency band. For example, a first central frequency of the first frequency band may be the same as a second central frequency of the second frequency band. For example, part of frequency resources of the first frequency band and the second frequency band are overlapped. For instance, some frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers or PRBs) may be shared by the first frequency band and the second frequency band. For instance, each of the first frequency band and the second frequency band includes same frequency resources. For example, both the first frequency band and the second frequency band are within a same frequency range. For instance, the first and second frequency bands are within a same uplink frequency range or a same downlink frequency range or a same time division duplexing (TDD) frequency range or a same continuous bandwidth (such as 20 MHz) .
[0122] In some examples, if the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, the first device 201 may determine that the first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips (OOK-OFF chips) . For example, the SIP may be start with one or more OOK-OFF chips, which may be followed by one or more OOK-ON chips. For instance, a length of the one or more OOK-OFF chips may be longer than a length of the one or more OOK-ON chips. Alternatively, an extended part may be added in front of the SIP. For example, the extended part may be generated based on the one or more OOK-OFF chips. For example, the preamble includes the SIP and the extended part, for example, the extended part may be between an end of the CW and a start of the SIP.
[0123] In addition or alternatively, the first device 201 may instruct a CWN to stop a transmission of the CW before the SIP. In addition or alternatively, the first device 201 may stop a transmission of the CW before the SIP, for example, the first device 201 is the CWN.
[0124] In some embodiments, the first frequency band and the second frequency band may be not overlapped. For example, the CW and the R2D transmission are transmitted in different frequency bands. For example, one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is an uplink band and another one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is a downlink band. For instance, the CW is transmitted in a UL frequency band, that is, the second frequency band is a UL frequency band. For instance, the R2D transmission is transmitted in a DL frequency band, that is, the first frequency band is a DL frequency band. For example, a frequency gap between the first frequency band and the second frequency band exceeding a threshold. For instance, the threshold may be 20 MHz or another value.
[0125] In some examples, if the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, the first device 201 may determine that the first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips (OOK-ON chips) . For example, the SIP may be start with one or more OOK-ON chips, which may be followed by one or more OOK-OFF chips. In some examples, details on the signal generation of the SIP may refer to some embodiments with reference to FIG. 2 in which the SIP starts with one or multiple OOK-ON chips.
[0126] In the process 500, the first device 201 transmits, and the second device 202 receives, the R2D transmission on the first frequency band at 520.
[0127] The second device 202 also receives a CW from a CWN on a second frequency band at 515. In addition, the second device 202 may determine, at 530, the R2D transmission based on the first frequency band and the second frequency band.
[0128] In some examples, if the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, the second device 202 may start a detection of the SIP based on at least one of: a time duration for which the CW is not received exceeding a first threshold, a received signal power level being lower than a specific level, or a duration for which the received signal power level being lower than the specific level exceeding a second threshold.
[0129] In some examples, if the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, the second device 202 may start a detection of the SIP based on at least one of:a received signal power level being greater than a specific level, or a duration for which the received signal power level being greater than the specific level exceeding a threshold.
[0130] FIG. 6A illustrates an example 610 of SIP together with CW in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the CW and the SIP may be transmitted in a same (or overlapped) frequency band F1, in this case, the SIP may be started with one or multiple OOK-OFF chips.
[0131] FIG. 6B illustrates an example 620 of SIP together with CW in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the CW and the SIP may be transmitted in an overlapped frequency band, for instance, the CW is transmitted in F1-2 and the R2D transmission is transmitted in F1-1, which are within a same frequency range (such as 20 MHz) . In this case, the SIP may be started with one or multiple OOK-OFF chips.
[0132] FIG. 6C illustrates an example 630 of SIP together with CW in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the CW and the SIP may be transmitted in different frequency bands, for instance, the CW is transmitted in F2 and the R2D transmission is transmitted in F1, which are not overlapped; in this case, the SIP may be started with one or multiple OOK-ON chips.
[0133] CW may be used for energy harvesting and backscattering, therefore it may be continuously transmitted when the Reader does not transmit an R2D transmission. If the CW and the R2D transmission are transmitted in a same frequency band, the Device may receive a high voltage signal (i.e., the CW) before it receiving a SIP, and the Device may make a wrong decision that the received CW is OOK-ON chip (s) . If the CW and the R2D transmission are in different frequency bands, the Device may receive nothing or receive a low voltage signal (e.g., background noise) before it receiving a SIP, and the Device may make a wrong decision that the background noise is OOK-OFF chip (s) .
[0134] According to embodiments with reference to FIGS. 5-6C, a solution for a sequence design of the SIP is provided by considering a frequency band. According to the solution, whether the SIP starts with an OOK-ON chip or an OOK-OFF chip depends on whether the CW and SIP are in same frequency band, the wrong decision that a CW or a background noise been determined as a useful OOK chip of an SIP can be avoided.
[0135] In should be noted that some example embodiments above may be combined into some other embodiments. In some examples, there may be a separate CWN for transmitting CW signals. In some examples, there may be a D2R transmission before the operation 510 in FIG. 5.
[0136] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the first device which may perform the method 700 can be the first device 201, such as the terminal device 120 or the network device 130 discussed above in FIG. 1A.
[0137] At block 710, the first device determines an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP. At block 720, the first device determines timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol. At block 730, the first device transmits, to a second device, the R2D transmission based on the timing information.
[0138] It should be noted that the method 700 may include various other operations which may be performed by the first device 201 as described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4C.
[0139] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the second device which may perform the method 800 can be the second device 202, such as the A-IoT device 110 in FIG. 1A.
[0140] At block 810, the second device receives, from a first device, an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP. At block 820, the second device determines timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol
[0141] It should be noted that the method 800 may include various other operations which may be performed by the second device 202 as described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4C.
[0142] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the first device which may perform the method 900 can be the first device 201, such as the terminal device 120 or the network device 130 discussed above in FIG. 1A.
[0143] At block 910, the first device determines an R2D transmission based on a first frequency band for the R2D transmission and a second frequency band for a CW, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, and the preamble comprises a SIP. At block 920, the first device transmits, to a second device, the R2D transmission on the first frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0144] It should be noted that the method 900 may include various other operations which may be performed by the first device 201 as described above with reference to FIGS. 5-6C.
[0145] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1000 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the second device which may perform the method 1000 can be the second device 202, such as the A-IoT device 110 in FIG. 1A.
[0146] At block 1010, the second device receives, from a first device or a CW node, a CW on a second frequency band. At block 1020, the second device receives, from the first device, an R2D transmission on a first frequency band, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP. At block 1030, the second device determines the R2D transmission based on the first frequency band and the second frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0147] It should be noted that the method 1000 may include various other operations which may be performed by the second device 202 as described above with reference to FIGS. 5-6C.
[0148] Details of some embodiments according to the present disclosure have been described with reference to FIGS. 2-10. Now an example implementation of the first device or the second device will be discussed below.
[0149] In some example embodiments, a first device (such as a Reader) comprises circuitry configured to: determine an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; determine timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol; and transmit, to a second device, the R2D transmission based on the timing information. It should be noted that the first device comprises circuitry configured to perform various other operations as described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4C.
[0150] In some example embodiments, a second device (such as an A-IoT device) comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from a first device, an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determine timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol. It should be noted that the second device comprises circuitry configured to perform various other operations as described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4C.
[0151] In some example embodiments, a first device (such as a Reader) comprises circuitry configured to: determine an R2D transmission based on a first frequency band for the R2D transmission and a second frequency band for a CW, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, and the preamble comprises a SIP; and transmit, to a second device, the R2D transmission on the first frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips. It should be noted that the first device comprises circuitry configured to perform various other operations as described above with reference to FIGS. 5-6C.
[0152] In some example embodiments, a second device (such as an A-IoT device) comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from a first device or a CW node, a CW on a second frequency band; receive, from the first device, an R2D transmission on a first frequency band, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determine the R2D transmission based on the first frequency band and the second frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips. It should be noted that the second device comprises circuitry configured to perform various other operations as described above with reference to FIGS. 5-6C.
[0153] FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1100 can be considered as a further example implementation of one of the first device (such as a terminal device or a network device) or a second device (such as an A-IoT device) discussed above. Accordingly, the device 1100 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device or the second device discussed above.
[0154] As shown, the device 1100 includes a processor 1110, a memory 1120 coupled to the processor 1110, a suitable transceiver 1140 coupled to the processor 1110, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1140. The memory 1120 stores at least a part of a program 1130. The transceiver 1140 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1140 may include at least one of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and the receiver may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver1140 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0155] The program 1130 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1110, enable the device 1100 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 2-10. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1110 of the device 1100, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1110 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1110 and memory 1120 may form processing means 1150 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0156] The memory 1120 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1120 is shown in the device 1100, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1100. The processor 1110 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1100 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0157] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the following solutions.
[0158] The present disclosure provides a first device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the first device at least to: determine an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; determine timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol; and transmit, to a second device, the R2D transmission based on the timing information.
[0159] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the SIP comprises at least one high voltage chip and at least one low voltage chip.
[0160] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: prior to determining the R2D transmission, receive the D2R transmission from the second device.
[0161] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the start of the OFDM symbol is not smaller than or larger than the maximum time duration, determine that the start time of the SIP is the start of the OFDM symbol.
[0162] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: generate a CP of the OFDM symbol, wherein an end part of the CP has a same voltage or a different voltage as a first chip of the SIP.
[0163] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: generate the SIP comprising a plurality of chip groups, wherein each of the plurality of chip groups comprises at least one chip.
[0164] In one embodiment, the first device as above, each of a first or multiple chips of the SIP has a high voltage.
[0165] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the plurality of chip groups comprises multiple first type of chip groups and one or more than one second type of chip groups, and where a first number of the multiple first type of chip groups is larger than a second number of the one or more than one second type of chip groups.
[0166] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the first number is at least two times greater than the second number.
[0167] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the end of the OFDM symbol is larger than a length of the SIP and is not larger than a sum of the length of the SIP and the maximum time duration, determine that the end time of the SIP is the end of the OFDM symbol.
[0168] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the start time of the SIP is aligned with the start of the OFDM symbol or a time instance within the OFDM symbol.
[0169] In one embodiment, the first device as above, each of last predefined number of chips of the SIP is a high voltage chip.
[0170] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the preamble further comprises an EP which is at least one of: a first EP between the end time of the SIP and the end of the OFDM symbol in accordance with a determination that the end time of the SIP is a first time instance within an OFDM symbol, a second EP between the start of the OFDM symbol and the start time of the SIP in accordance with a determination that the start time of the SIP is a second time instance within an OFDM symbol, or a third EP before the start time of the SIP in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the start time of the SIP is larger than the maximum time duration.
[0171] In one embodiment, the first device as above, a time period between the end of the D2R transmission and a start of the third EP is smaller than the maximum time duration, and a first one or multiple chips of the third EP are high voltage chips.
[0172] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the EP is generated based on at least one of: a predefined signal, or a chip of the SIP that is adjacent to the EP.
[0173] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: in accordance with a determination that the R2D transmission is a first transmission of a paging procedure or there is no D2R transmission for the R2D transmission to follow, determine that the start time or the end time of the SIP is aligned with a start or an end of an OFDM symbol.
[0174] The present disclosure provides a second device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the second device at least to: receive, from a first device, an R2D transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determine timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a D2R transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an OFDM symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol.
[0175] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the SIP comprises at least one high voltage chip and at least one low voltage chip.
[0176] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: prior to receiving the R2D transmission, transmit the D2R transmission to the first device.
[0177] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the start of the OFDM symbol is not smaller than or larger than the maximum time duration, determine that the start time of the SIP is the start of the OFDM symbol.
[0178] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: receive a CP of the OFDM symbol, wherein an end part of the CP has a same voltage or a different voltage as a first chip of the SIP.
[0179] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: receive the SIP comprising a plurality of chip groups, wherein each of the plurality of chip groups comprises at least one chip.
[0180] In one embodiment, the second device as above, each of a first or multiple chips of the SIP has a high voltage.
[0181] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the plurality of chip groups comprises multiple first type of chip groups and one or more than one second type of chip groups, and where a first number of the multiple first type of chip groups is larger than a second number of the one or more than one second type of chip groups.
[0182] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the first number is at least two times greater than the second number.
[0183] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the end of the OFDM symbol is larger than a length of the SIP and is not larger than a sum of the length of the SIP and the maximum time duration, determine that the end time of the SIP is the end of the OFDM symbol.
[0184] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the start time of the SIP is aligned with the start of the OFDM symbol or the time instance within the OFDM symbol.
[0185] In one embodiment, the second device as above, each of last predefined number of chips of the SIP is a high voltage chip.
[0186] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the preamble further comprises an EP which is at least one of: a first EP between the end time of the SIP and the end of the OFDM symbol in accordance with a determination that the end time of the SIP is a first time instance within an OFDM symbol, a second EP between the start of the OFDM symbol and the start time of the SIP in accordance with a determination that the start time of the SIP is a second time instance within an OFDM symbol, or a third EP before the start time of the SIP in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the start time of the SIP is larger than the maximum time duration.
[0187] In one embodiment, the second device as above, a time period between the end of the D2R transmission and a start of the third EP is smaller than the maximum time duration, and a first one or multiple chips of the third EP are high voltage chips.
[0188] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the EP is generated based on at least one of: a predefined signal, or a chip of the SIP that is adjacent to the EP.
[0189] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: in accordance with a determination that the R2D transmission is a first transmission of a paging procedure or there is no D2R transmission for the R2D transmission to follow, determine that the start time or the end time of the SIP is aligned with a start or an end of an OFDM symbol.
[0190] The present disclosure provides a first device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the first device at least to: determine an R2D transmission based on a first frequency band for the R2D transmission and a second frequency band for a CW, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, and the preamble comprises a SIP; and transmit, to a second device, the R2D transmission on the first frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0191] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band comprises at least one of: a first central frequency of the first frequency band is the same as a second central frequency of the second frequency band, part of frequency resources of the first frequency band and the second frequency band are overlapped, or both the first frequency band and the second frequency band are within a same frequency range.
[0192] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the preamble further comprises an EP between an end of the CW and a start of the SIP, and wherein the EP is generated based on a plurality of low voltage chips.
[0193] In one embodiment, the first device as above, at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: stop or instruct a CW node to stop a transmission of the CW before the SIP.
[0194] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band comprises at least one of: one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is an uplink band and another one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is a downlink band, or a frequency gap between the first frequency band and the second frequency band exceeding a threshold.
[0195] The present disclosure provides a second device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the second device at least to: receive, from a first device or a CW node, a CW on a second frequency band; receive, from the first device, an R2D transmission on a first frequency band, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a SIP; and determine the R2D transmission based on the first frequency band and the second frequency band, wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.
[0196] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band comprises at least one of: a first central frequency of the first frequency band is the same as a second central frequency of the second frequency band, part of frequency resources of the first frequency band and the second frequency band are overlapped, or both the first frequency band and the second frequency band are within a same frequency range.
[0197] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: start a detection of the SIP based on at least one of: a time duration for which the CW is not received exceeding a first threshold, a received signal power level being lower than a specific level, or a duration for which the received signal power level being lower than the specific level exceeding a second threshold.
[0198] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the preamble further comprises an EP between an end of the CW and a start of the SIP, and wherein the EP is generated based on a plurality of low voltage chips.
[0199] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band comprises at least one of: one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is an uplink band and another one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is a downlink band, or a frequency gap between the first frequency band and the second frequency band exceeding a threshold.
[0200] In one embodiment, the second device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to: start a detection of the SIP based on at least one of: a received signal power level being greater than a specific level, or a duration for which the received signal power level being greater than the specific level exceeding a threshold.
[0201] The present disclosure provides a method of communication, comprising the operations implemented at one of the first device or the second device discussed above.
[0202] The present disclosure provides a device, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer program codes; the memory and the computer program codes configured to, with the processor, cause the device to perform the method implemented at one of the first device or the second device discussed above.
[0203] The present disclosure provides a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method implemented at one of the first device or the second device discussed above.
[0204] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0205] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0206] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0207] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0208] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0209] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the first device to:determine a reader to device (R2D) transmission comprising a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a start indicator part (SIP) ;determine timing information of the SIP based on at least one of a minimum time duration between a device to reader (D2R) transmission and a corresponding R2D transmission or a maximum time duration between the D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission, wherein the timing information indicates at least one of a start time or an end time of the SIP, and wherein the timing information is one of: a start of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, an end of the OFDM symbol, or a time instance within the OFDM symbol; andtransmit, to a second device, the R2D transmission based on the timing information.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to: prior to determining the R2D transmission, receive the D2R transmission from the second device.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the start of the OFDM symbol is not smaller than or larger than the maximum time duration, determine that the start time of the SIP is the start of the OFDM symbol.4.The first device of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:generate a cyclic prefix (CP) of the OFDM symbol, wherein an end part of the CP has a same voltage or a different voltage as a first chip of the SIP.5.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:generate the SIP comprising a plurality of chip groups, wherein each of the plurality of chip groups comprises at least one chip.6.The first device of claim 5, wherein each of a first or multiple chips of the SIP has a high voltage.7.The first device of claim 5, wherein the plurality of chip groups comprises multiple first type of chip groups and one or more than one second type of chip groups, and where a first number of the multiple first type of chip groups is larger than a second number of the one or more than one second type of chip groups.8.The first device of claim 7, wherein the first number is at least two times greater than the second number.9.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the end of the OFDM symbol is larger than a length of the SIP and is not larger than a sum of the length of the SIP and the maximum time duration, determine that the end time of the SIP is the end of the OFDM symbol.10.The first device of claim 9, wherein each of last predefined number of chips of the SIP is a high voltage chip.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the preamble further comprises an extended part (EP) which is at least one of:a first EP between the end time of the SIP and the end of the OFDM symbol in accordance with a determination that the end time of the SIP is a first time instance within an OFDM symbol,a second EP between the start of the OFDM symbol and the start time of the SIP in accordance with a determination that the start time of the SIP is a second time instance within an OFDM symbol, ora third EP before the start time of the SIP in accordance with a determination that a time period between an end of the D2R transmission and the start time of the SIP is larger than the maximum time duration.12.The first device of claim 11, wherein a time period between the end of the D2R transmission and a start of the third EP is smaller than the maximum time duration, and a first one or multiple chips of the third EP are high voltage chips.13.The first device of claim 11, wherein the EP is generated based on at least one of:a predefined signal, ora chip of the SIP that is adjacent to the EP.14.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the first device to:in accordance with a determination that the R2D transmission is a first transmission of a paging procedure or there is no D2R transmission for the R2D transmission to follow, determine that the start time or the end time of the SIP is aligned with a start or an end of an OFDM symbol.15.A second device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a first device or a carrier wave (CW) node, a CW on a second frequency band;receive, from the first device, a reader to device (R2D) transmission on a first frequency band, wherein the R2D transmission comprises a preamble at a beginning of the R2D transmission, wherein the preamble comprises a start indicator part (SIP) ; anddetermine the R2D transmission based on the first frequency band and the second frequency band,wherein in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are low voltage chips, or in accordance with a determination that the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band, a first one or multiple chips of the SIP are high voltage chips.16.The second device of claim 15, wherein the first frequency band is overlapped with the second frequency band comprises at least one of:a first central frequency of the first frequency band is the same as a second central frequency of the second frequency band,part of frequency resources of the first frequency band and the second frequency band are overlapped, orboth the first frequency band and the second frequency band are within a same frequency range.17.The second device of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to:start a detection of the SIP based on at least one of:a time duration for which the CW is not received exceeding a first threshold,a received signal power level being lower than a specific level, ora duration for which the received signal power level being lower than the specific level exceeding a second threshold.18.The second device of claim 15, wherein the preamble further comprises an extended part (EP) between an end of the CW and a start of the SIP, and wherein the EP is generated based on a plurality of low voltage chips.19.The second device of claim 15, wherein the first frequency band is not overlapped with the second frequency band comprises at least one of:one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is an uplink band and another one of the first frequency band or the second frequency band is a downlink band, ora frequency gap between the first frequency band and the second frequency band exceeding a threshold.20.The second device of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second device to:start a detection of the SIP based on at least one of:a received signal power level being greater than a specific level, ora duration for which the received signal power level being greater than the specific level exceeding a threshold.