Devices and methods of communication
By implementing a network device that manages path switch procedures and updates LTM configurations, the latency issues in existing mobility enhancement technologies are addressed, enhancing mobility management and handover efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing mobility enhancement procedures, such as Layer 1 (L1) or Layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM), are incomplete and require further development to reduce mobility latency.
Implementing a network device that triggers a path switch procedure among network devices and core network elements, and transmits messages for updating LTM configurations, including security capabilities, to enhance mobility management.
Enhances mobility procedures by reducing latency through improved LTM configurations and security management, facilitating seamless handovers between network devices.
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Figure CN2025072138_16072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for mobility enhancement.BACKGROUND
[0002] Layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) is a procedure in which a network device receives one or more L1 measurement reports from a terminal device, and on their basis, the network device changes a serving cell of the terminal device by a cell switch command signaled via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) . The cell switch command indicates a LTM candidate cell configuration that the network device previously prepared and provided to the terminal device through a radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Then the terminal device switches to a target cell according to the cell switch command. The LTM procedure can be used to reduce mobility latency.
[0003] To further reduce mobility latency, mobility procedures such as subsequent LTM, conditional LTM and inter-central unit (CU) LTM have been proposed. However, implementations of the mobility procedures are still incomplete and need to be further developed.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for mobility enhancement.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises a processor configured to cause the first network device to: trigger a path switch procedure performed among the first network device, a second network device and a core network element; and transmit, to a third network device, a first message for updating a LTM configuration, the first message comprising information of security capabilities of a terminal device.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a first CU of a network device. The first CU comprises a processor configured to cause the first CU to: receive, from a first distributed unit (DU) of the network device, a request for activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set of at least one candidate cell, the request comprising first information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, the first information comprising at least one of the following: first bandwidth part (BWP) information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, or first transmission configuration indication (TCI) state information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set; and transmit the first information to a second DU of the network device or a second CU of a further network device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises a processor configured to cause the second network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a sixth message comprising at least one of the following: a first configuration of LTM recovery, security identity (ID) information, or a LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information; and transmit, to a first network device, a seventh message comprising at least one of the following: the first configuration of LTM recovery, the security ID information, or the LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: initiate a mobility procedure; and in accordance with a determination that the mobility procedure is an inter-CU mobility procedure, consider that a configuration of LTM recovery is not configured.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: in accordance with a determination that at least one procedure in a set of procedures is initiated, transmit, from a RRC layer of the terminal device to a MAC layer of the terminal device, an indication of stopping an evaluation of a condition of triggering a conditional LTM, the set of procedures comprising at least one of the following: a procedure of reporting a secondary cell group (SCG) failure, a procedure of reporting a master cell group (MCG) failure or MCG radio link failure, or a RRC re-establishment procedure.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a DU of a network device. The terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the DU to: a processor configured to cause the DU to:determine a triggering type of a LTM cell switch to a candidate cell by at least one of the following: receiving, from a CU of the network device, a first indication of the triggering type; determining the triggering type based on a second indication received from the CU, the second indication indicating whether the LTM cell switch is triggered based on a L1 or layer 3 (L3) measurement; or determining the triggering type upon determination that the LTM cell switch is triggered based on the L1 measurement; and generate, based on the triggering type, at least one of a LTM channel status information (CSI) report configuration or a L1 event based execution condition.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a first network device. The method comprises: triggering a path switch procedure performed among the first network device, a second network device and a core network element; and transmitting, to a third network device, a first message for updating a LTM configuration, the first message comprising information of security capabilities of a terminal device.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a first CU of a network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first DU of the network device, a request for activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of at least one candidate cell, the request comprising first information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, the first information comprising at least one of the following: first BWP information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, or first TCI state information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set; and transmitting the first information to a second DU of the network device or a second CU of a further network device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a second network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, a sixth message comprising at least one of the following: a first configuration of LTM recovery, security ID information, or a LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information; and transmitting, to a first network device, a seventh message comprising at least one of the following: the first configuration of LTM recovery, security ID information, or the LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a terminal device. The method comprises: initiating a mobility procedure; and in accordance with a determination that the mobility procedure is an inter-CU mobility procedure, considering that a configuration of LTM recovery is not configured.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a terminal device. The method comprises: in accordance with a determination that at least one procedure in a set of procedures is initiated, transmit, from a RRC layer of the terminal device to a MAC layer of the terminal device, an indication of stopping an evaluation of a condition of triggering a conditional LTM, the set of procedures comprising at least one of the following: a procedure of reporting a SCG failure, a procedure of reporting a MCG failure or MCG radio link failure, or a RRC re-establishment procedure.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a terminal device. The method comprises: determining a triggering type of a LTM cell switch to a candidate cell by at least one of the following: receiving, from a CU of the network device, a first indication of the triggering type; determining the triggering type based on a second indication received from the CU, the second indication indicating whether the LTM cell switch is triggered based on a L1 or L3 measurement; or determining the triggering type upon determination that the LTM cell switch is triggered based on the L1 measurement; and generating, based on the triggering type, at least one of a LTM channel status information (CSI) report configuration or a L1 event based execution condition.
[0017] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the seventh to eleventh aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0020] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0021] FIG. 1B illustrates another example communication environment in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0022] FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a user plane (UP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 1D illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a control plane (CP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 5A illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 5B illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a first CU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a second network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a DU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0035] FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0036] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0038] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0039] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0040] The term ‘network device’ refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , network-controlled repeaters, and the like.
[0041] The term ‘core network (CN) element’ refers to any device or entity that provides access and mobility management function (AMF) , network exposure function (NEF) , authentication server function (AUSF) , unified data management (UDM) , session management function (SMF) , user plane function (UPF) , a location management function (LMF) , etc. In other embodiments, the core network element may be any other suitable device or entity providing any other suitable functionalities.
[0042] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0043] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0044] The network device may have the function of network energy saving (NES) , self-organization network (SON) or minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal device may have the function of power saving.
[0045] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0046] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, information A may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and information B may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0047] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0048] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0049] As mentioned above, implementations of LTM related mobility procedures are still incomplete and need to be further developed.
[0050] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to enhance the LTM related mobility procedures and other potential mobility procedures. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0051] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment 100A in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication environment 100A may comprise a terminal device 110 and a network device 120. The network device 120 may provide one or more cells (for convenience, only one cell is shown) for serving one or more terminal devices. In this example, the terminal device 110 is located in a cell of the network device 120 and served by the network device 120. In coverage of the network device 120 as a macro node, there may be one or more other network devices (for convenience, network devices 121 and 122 are shown) as micro nodes.
[0052] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may establish a dual connection (i.e., simultaneous connection) with two network devices. For example, the network device 120 may serve as an MN (for convenience, also referred to as a MN 120 below) , and the network device 121 may serve as a SN (for convenience, also referred to as a SN 121 below) . The network device 122 may serve as a candidate SN (for convenience, also referred to as SN 122 or candidate SN 122 below) .
[0053] The MN 120 may provide one or more cells, and these cells may form a MCG for the terminal device 110. One of these cells is a primary cell (i.e., PCell) in the MCG. The SN 121 may provide multiple cells, and these cells may form a SCG for the terminal device 110. One of these cells is a primary cell (i.e., PSCell) in the SCG. The SN 121 may communicate with the terminal device 110 via a channel such as a wireless communication channel. Similarly, the MN 120 may also communicate with the terminal device 110 via a channel such as a wireless communication channel. The SN 121 may communicate with the MN 120 via a Xn interface.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication environment 100A may also comprise network devices 130 and 140. Each of the network device 130 and 140 may serve as a candidate or target MN (for convenience, also referred to as MN 130 or 140, or candidate or target MN 130 or 140 below) . In coverage of the network device 130 or 140 as a macro node, there may be one or more network devices (for convenience, only one network device 131 or 141 is shown) as micro nodes. For convenience, the network device 131 or 141 may also be referred to as SN 131 or 141 herein.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100A may further include a CN 103. The terminal device 110 may communicate with a CN element 161 in the CN 103 via the network device 120, 130 or 140. The network device 120, 130 or 140 may communicate with the CN element 161, e.g., via a NG interface.
[0056] It is to be understood that the number of network devices or terminal devices or cells or CN elements in FIG. 1A is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication environment 100A may involve any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or cells and / or CN elements adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0057] It is to be noted that the network device 120, 130 and / or 140 may be implemented in a CU-DU architecture or in an integrated architecture.
[0058] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram of another example communication network 100B in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. For convenience, FIG. 1B is described in connection with FIG. 1A. As shown in FIG. 1B, the communication network 100B may include the terminal device 110 and network devices 101 and 102. The network device 101 may provide one or more cells (cells 101-1 and 101-2 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices. The network device 102 may also provide one or more cells (cells 102-1 and 102-2 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 1B, the network device 101 may comprise a CU 151 and DUs 152 and 153. The CU 151 may communicate with the DUs 152 and 153, e.g., via a F1 interface. It is to be understood that the two DUs 152 and 153 are shown only for illustration, and more or less DUs may also be provided for implementation of embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0060] As shown in FIG. 1B, the DU 152 provides the cell 101-1 and the DU 153 provides the cell 101-2. It is to be understood that this is merely an example, and any of the DUs 152 and 153 may provide more cells. The terminal device 110 may communicate with any of these cells. In this example, the terminal device 110 is located in the cell 101-2 and served by the network device 101.
[0061] Similarly, the network device 102 may comprise a CU 155 and DUs 156 and 157. The DU 156 may provide the cell 102-1 and the DU 157 may provide the cell 102-2. The CU 151 may communicate with the CU 155 of the network device 102, e.g., via an Xn interface.
[0062] As shown in FIG. 1B, the CUs 151 and 155 may communicate with the CN 103 (e.g., the CN element 161) . The network device 101 and / or the network device 102 may communicate with the CN element 161, e.g., via a NG interface. In this example, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the CU 151 via the DU 153 and the CU 151 may further communicate with the CN element 161.
[0063] A CU (e.g., the CU 151) may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of RRC, service data application protocol (SDAP) and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entities, and a DU (e.g., the DU 152 or 153 may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of radio link control (RLC) , MAC and physical (PHY) entities. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in the same device. In some embodiments, different DUs may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, different CUs are implemented in separate devices.
[0064] In the context of the present disclosure, a CU (also referred to as a gNB-CU herein) is a logic node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of a gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of an en-gNB that controls an operation of one or more DUs (also referred to as gNB-DUs herein) . The gNB-CU terminates an F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU. A DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0065] It is to be understood that the number of devices or cells or CUs or DUs in FIG. 1B is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100B may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or cells and / or CUs and / or DUs adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the network device 101 or 102 as shown in FIG. 1B may be any of the network devices 120, 130 and 140 as shown in FIG. 1A.
[0066] The communications in the communication network 100A or 100B can be performed in accordance with UP and CP protocol stacks. Generally speaking, for a communication device (such as a terminal device or a network device) , there are a plurality of entities for a plurality of network protocol layers in a protocol stack, which can be configured to implement corresponding processing on data or signaling transmitted from the communication device and received by the communication device. FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram 100C illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for UP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 1C, in the UP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a physical (PHY) layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and L3 layers, or upper layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a radio link control (RLC) layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for a service data application protocol (SDAP) layer (also referred to as a SDAP entity, which is established in 5G and higher-generation networks) .
[0068] FIG. 1D illustrates a schematic diagram 100D illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for CP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0069] As shown in FIG. 1D, in the CP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a PHY layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and L3 layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a RLC layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a PDCP layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for an RRC layer (also referred to as an RRC entity) . The RRC layer may be also referred to as an access stratum (AS) layer, and thus the RRC entity may be also referred to as an AS entity. As shown in FIG. 1D, the terminal device 110 may also comprise an entity for a non-access stratum (NAS) layer (also referred to as a NAS entity) . An NAS layer at the network side is not located in a network device and is located in CN.
[0070] In the context of the present disclosure, L1 refers to the PHY layer, L2 refers to the MAC or RLC or PDCP or SDAP layer, and L3 refers to the RRC layer. In the context of the present disclosure, L1 or L2 may also be collectively referred to as a lower-layer, and L3 may also be referred to as a higher-layer. Accordingly, L1 or L2 signaling may be also referred to as a lower-layer signaling, and L3 signaling may be also referred to as a higher-layer signaling.
[0071] With reference to FIG. 1B, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be located within coverage of the cell 101-2 of the network device 101, and the terminal device 110 may communicate with the network device 101 based on a network configuration. In this case, the cell 101-2 may be referred to as a serving cell of the terminal device 110. The cells 101-1, 102-1 and 102-2 may serve as LTM candidate cells of the terminal device 110.
[0072] In some embodiments, the network device 101 may receive L1 or L3 measurement reports from the terminal device 110. Based on the L1 or L3 measurement reports, the network device 101 may change the serving cell of the terminal device 110 through a MAC CE. This procedure is called as LTM.
[0073] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may perform an evaluation for a set of LTM candidate cells by L1 measurements on the set of LTM candidate cells. If an execution condition of a cell switch to a LTM candidate cell is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may change a serving cell (e.g., PCell or PSCell) of the terminal device 110 to the LTM candidate cell. This procedure is called as conditional LTM.
[0074] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may receive a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from the cell 101-2 to another cell (e.g., the cell 101-1) under control of the same CU. These scenarios may be called as intra-CU LTM.
[0075] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may receive a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from the cell 101-2 to another cell (e.g., the cell 102-1) under control of different CUs. These scenarios may be called as inter-CU LTM.
[0076] With reference to FIG. 1A, in some scenarios, the terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120 initially. The network devices 130 and 140 may provide LTM candidate cells of the terminal device 110. As the terminal device 110 moves, the terminal device 110 may perform a LTM cell switch from the network device 120 to the network device 130. As the terminal device 110 further moves, the terminal device 110 may perform a subsequent LTM cell switch from the network device 130 to the network device 140. In this case, this cell switch procedure is also called as a subsequent LTM or subsequent LTM cell switch. The network device 120 may be called as a source gNB, and the network devices 130 and 140 may be called as a candidate gNB or target candidate gNB.
[0077] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for mobility management. The solutions will be described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 5 below.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUBSEQUENT LTM
[0078] Currently, it is still unclear how to associate UE between candidate gNBs and how to support data forwarding for subsequent LTM.
[0079] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to solve the above and other potential issues. The solutions will be described in connection with FIG. 2 below.
[0080] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110, the network devices 120, 130 and 140 and CN element 161. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110. The network device 120 serves as a source gNB, and the network devices 130 and 140 serve as a candidate gNB or target candidate gNB.
[0081] As shown in step 201 of FIG. 2, the network device 120 may transmit first UE association information to the network device 130. As shown in step 201’ of FIG. 2, the network device 120 may transmit second UE association information to the network device 140. In other words, a source gNB may transmit a message (also referred to as a third message herein) comprising UE association information to each candidate gNB in a set of candidate gNBs. For example, the message may be a handover request message or a LTM configuration update message or any other suitable messages.
[0082] In some embodiments, the first UE association information may comprise an identity (ID) of the terminal device 110 allocated by the network device 120, i.e., a UE ID allocated by a source gNB (also referred to as a first UE ID hereinafter) . In some embodiments, the first UE association information may comprise an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the network device 140, i.e., a UE ID allocated by other candidate gNB (s) (also referred to as a second UE ID or a first ID hereinafter) . For example, the first UE ID and the second UE ID may be a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID. In some embodiments, the first UE association information may comprise information of the network device 140, i.e., information of associated other candidate gNB (s) . For example, the information of the associated other candidate gNB (s) may comprise a gNB ID or global gNB ID of the associated other candidate gNB (s) . It is to be noted that any combinations of the above information may also be feasible.
[0083] Similarly, the second UE association information may comprise at least one of the following: the first UE ID; an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the network device 130, i.e., a UE ID allocated by other candidate gNB (s) , which may be a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID; or information of the network device 130, i.e., information of associated other candidate gNB (s) .
[0084] As shown in step 202 of FIG. 2, the network device 130 may transmit, to the network device 140, a message (also referred to as a fourth message herein) for UE association and / or data forwarding (e.g., F1AP message) . In other words, a candidate gNB in the set of candidate gNBs may transmit the message to another candidate gNB in the set of candidate gNBs. For example, the message may be a handover request message or any other suitable messages. In some embodiments, the network device 130 may transmit the fourth message to the network device 140 before the terminal device 110 is switched to the network device 130, e.g., the fourth message is transmitted during a LTM preparation phase. In some embodiments, the network device 130 may transmit the fourth message to the network device 140 after the terminal device 110 is switched to the network device 130, i.e., the fourth message is transmitted after or when the network device 130 becomes the new serving network device of the terminal device 110.
[0085] In some embodiments, the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise an ID (also referred to as a third UE ID hereinafter) of the terminal device 110 allocated by the network device 130 (i.e., the candidate gNB) . For example, the third UE ID may be a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID.
[0086] In some embodiments, the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise the first UE ID. In some embodiments, the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise the second UE ID. In some embodiments, the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise an ID of the network device 120 (i.e., the source gNB) .
[0087] In some embodiments, the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise an indication indicating that this message is for a purpose of a subsequent LTM cell switch. For example, the indication may be a cause indication.
[0088] In some embodiments, the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise protocol data unit (PDU) session resource information associated with the network device 130 (i.e., the candidate gNB) . For example, the PDU session resource information may comprise a PDU session resources information admitted list, which is associated with the network device 130 which transmits the message.
[0089] In some embodiments, the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise data forwarding information associated with the network device130 (i.e., the candidate gNB) . In some embodiments, the data forwarding information may comprise transport network layer (TNL) information for an establishment of data forwarding tunnels towards the network device 130 which transmits the message. In some embodiments, the data forwarding information may be a list of data forwarding information per PDU session resource, and may be included in a PDU session resource. In some embodiments, the data forwarding information may comprise secondary data forwarding information for split PDU session between MN and SN.
[0090] It is to be noted that the message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0091] As shown in step 203 of FIG. 2, the network device 140 may transmit, to the network device 130, a further message (also referred to as a fifth message herein) for UE association and / or data forwarding. In other words, the other candidate gNB (s) may respond to the candidate gNB. In some embodiments, the further message may be a handover request acknowledge message, or an XN-U address indication message, or any other suitable messages.
[0092] In some embodiments, the further message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise an ID (also referred to as a fourth UE ID or a second ID herein) allocated by the network device 140 (i.e., the other candidate gNB (s) ) . In some embodiments, the fourth UE ID may be the same as the second UE ID.
[0093] In some embodiments, the further message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise the third UE ID.
[0094] In some embodiments, the further message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise PDU session resource information associated with the network device 140. For example, the PDU session resource information may comprise a PDU session resources information admitted list, which is associated with the network device 140 which transmits the message.
[0095] In some embodiments, the further message for UE association and / or data forwarding may comprise data forwarding information associated with the network device 140. In some embodiments, the data forwarding information may comprise TNL information for an establishment of data forwarding tunnels towards the network device 140 which transmits the message. In some embodiments, the data forwarding information may be a list of data forwarding information per PDU session resource, and may be included in a PDU session resource. In some embodiments, the data forwarding information may comprise secondary data forwarding information for split PDU session between MN and SN.
[0096] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, at step 204, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a cell switch command triggering a cell switch from the network device 120 to the network device 130. In other words, the source gNB may determine to initiate a cell switch to a candidate cell in the candidate gNB, and transmit, to the terminal device 110, a LTM cell switch command MAC CE triggering a cell switch.
[0097] As shown in step 205 of FIG. 2, the network device 120 (i.e., source gNB) may transmit, to the network device 130, a message indicating the initiation of the cell switch command to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, this message may be a cell switch notification message or any other suitable messages. In some embodiments, this message may comprise at least one of the following: the second UE ID allocated by the other candidate gNB (s) (e.g., the network device 140) , the PDU session resources information associated with the other candidate gNB (s) , or the data forwarding information associated with each of the other candidate gNB (s) .
[0098] As shown in step 206, a data forwarding procedure may be triggered. For example, the network device 120 (i.e., source gNB) may transmit a SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the network device 130 (i.e., target candidate gNB) , and data forwarding may be performed between the source gNB and the target candidate gNB.
[0099] As shown in step 207, the network device 130 (i.e., target candidate gNB) may trigger or initiate a path switch procedure, which is performed among the network device 120 (i.e., the source gNB) , the network device 130 (i.e., target candidate gNB) , and the CN element 161 (e.g., AMF and UPF) .
[0100] As shown in step 208, the network device 130 may transmit, to the network device 140, a message (also referred to as a first message herein) for updating a LTM configuration. In other words, the target candidate gNB may transmit the first message (e.g., LTM configuration update message) to each of the other candidate gNB (s) .
[0101] In some embodiments, the first message may comprise at least one of the following: the first UE ID; the second UE ID allocated by network device 140 (i.e., the other candidate gNB(s) ) ; the third UE ID; the ID of the network device 120 (i.e., the source gNB) ; information of security capabilities of the terminal device 110; or access stratum (AS) security information. In some embodiments, the information of security capabilities of the terminal device 110 may be a security capability of the terminal device 110 that the network device 130 receives from the CN element 161 during the path switch procedure. In some embodiments, the AS security information may comprise a key (e.g., Key NG-RAN Star, KNG-RAN*) and a next hop chaining count.
[0102] In some embodiments, if the network device 130 (i.e., the target candidate gNB) receives the security capabilities of the terminal device 110 from the CN element 161 (e.g., AMF) in a path switch acknowledge message during the path switch procedure, the network device 130 (i.e., the target candidate gNB) may send the security capabilities to the network device 140 (i.e., the other candidate gNB (s) ) .
[0103] As shown in step 209, the network device 140 may transmit, to the network device 130, a message (also referred to as a second message herein) for acknowledging the update of the LTM configuration. In other words, each of the other candidate gNB (s) may transmit the second message (e.g., a LTM configuration update acknowledge message) to the target candidate gNB.
[0104] In some embodiments, the second message may comprise at least one of the following: the third UE ID; the fourth UE ID; the PDU session resources information (e.g., PDU session resources information admitted list) associated with the network device 140; data forwarding information associated with the network device 140; or a container including update configuration or handover command from the network device 140. In some embodiments, the container may include an updated security configuration associated with one or more candidate cells of the network device 140. In some embodiments, the updated security configuration may be a security algorithm configuration. In some embodiments, the network device 140 (i.e., the other candidate gNBs) may select a security algorithm with highest priority from the received security capabilities of the terminal device 110, for example according to the prioritized locally configured list of security algorithms (this applies for both integrity and ciphering algorithms) . In some embodiments, if the network device 140 selects different security algorithms compared to the security algorithms selected by the network device 130 (i.e., the target candidate gNB) , or the previous selected security algorithms associated with the one or more candidate cells of the network device 140 (e.g., in the corresponding LTM candidate configuration) , the information of the different security algorithm (i.e., the security algorithm configuration) is included in the container in the LTM configuration updated acknowledge message.
[0105] As shown in step 210, the network device 140 may transmit, to the network device 130, a message for data forwarding. In other words, each of the other candidate gNB (s) may transmit this message to the target candidate gNB. In some embodiments, this message may be a XN-U address indication message or any other suitable messages. In some embodiments, this message may comprise at least one of the following: the third UE ID; the fourth UE ID; the PDU session resources information associated with the network device 140 (i.e., other candidate gNB (s) ) ; or the data forwarding information associated with network device 140 (i.e., the other candidate gNB (s) ) .
[0106] As shown in step 211, the network device 130 (i.e., the target candidate gNB / new serving gNB) may transmit a RRC reconfiguration message to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the RRC reconfiguration message may trigger the terminal device 110 to perform an intra-cell handover procedure and / or to update a security algorithm for a LTM candidate configuration associated with network device 140 (i.e., the other candidate gNB (s) . For example, the RRC reconfiguration message includes the updated security configuration for LTM candidate configuration for one or more candidate cells.
[0107] As such, UE association and data forwarding for subsequent LTM may be achieved. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in the process 200 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. More or less steps may also be feasible. It is also to be understood that operations or steps in the process 200 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPPORT OF SEMI-PERSISTENCE CSI-RS
[0108] Currently, it is still unclear how to support activation / deactivation of semi-persistence CSI-RS of candidate cells, including how to determine BWP information and TCI state ID associated with the semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.
[0109] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to solve the above and other potential issues. The solutions will be described in connection with FIGs. 3A and 3B below.
[0110] FIG. 3A illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 300A of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300A will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. The process 300A may involve the terminal device 110, the CU 151, and the DUs 152 and 153. In this example, an intra-CU case is described. The DU 153 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110. The DU 152 provides one or more candidate cells of the terminal device 110. The DU 153 serves as a source DU, and the DU 152 serves as a candidate DU.
[0111] As shown in step 301 of FIG. 3A, the DU 153 may transmit, to the CU 151, a request for activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of at least one candidate cell. In other words, the source DU may decide to request for an activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of at least one candidate cell, and send, to the CU, a message for requesting the activation or deactivation for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.
[0112] In some embodiments, the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set may be one or multiple semi-persistence CSI-RS resource sets. In some embodiments, the at least one candidate cell may be one or more candidate cells.
[0113] In some embodiments, the request may comprise information (also referred to as first information herein) associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. In some embodiments, the first information may comprise an index or ID indicating the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. In some embodiments, the first information may comprise BWP information (also referred to as first BWP information herein) associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. In some embodiments, the first BWP information may comprise at least one of the following: a BWP ID of a BWP; location and bandwidth information, which indicating frequency domain location and bandwidth of the BWP; a subcarrier spacing to be used in the BWP; or an indication indicating whether to use an extended cyclic prefix for the BWP. In some embodiments, the first information may comprise TCI state information (also referred to as first TCI state information herein) associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. In some embodiments, the first TCI state information may be a TCI state ID. It is to be noted that any combinations of the above first information may also be feasible.
[0114] In some embodiments, the request may comprise an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the DU 153, e.g., gNB-DU UE F1AP ID. In some embodiments, the request may comprise an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the CU 151, e.g., gNB-CU UE F1AP ID. In some embodiments, the request may comprise an ID of the at least one candidate cell. In some embodiments, the request may comprise an indication indicating that the request is for activation or deactivation of the at least one CSI-RS resource set.
[0115] It is to be noted that the request may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0116] As shown in step 302 of FIG. 3A, the CU 151 may transmit the first information to the DU 152. In other words, the CU 151 may transmit, to the candidate DU of which the least one candidate cell belongs, a message to forward the request for activation or deactivation for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of the at least one candidate cell of the candidate DU. In some embodiments, the message may include at least one of the following: an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the DU 152, e.g., gNB-DU UE F1AP ID; the ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the CU 151, e.g., gNB-CU UE F1AP ID; the ID of the at least one candidate cell; the indication that the request is for activation or deactivation of the at least one CSI-RS resource set; or the first information associated with the at least one semi-persistent CSI-RS resource set.
[0117] As shown in step 303, the DU 152 may transmit, to the CU 151, a message indicating an activation or deactivation status for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. The message may comprise information (also referred to as second information herein) associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.
[0118] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise an index or ID indicating the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise BWP information (also referred to as second BWP information herein) associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise TCI state information (also referred to as second TCI state information herein) associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. It is to be noted that any combinations of the above second information may also be feasible.
[0119] In some embodiments, the message indicating the activation or deactivation status may comprise an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the DU 152, which is gNB-DU UE F1AP ID. In some embodiments, the message indicating the activation or deactivation status may comprise an ID allocated by the CU 151, which is gNB-CU UE F1AP ID. In some embodiments, the message indicating the activation or deactivation status may comprise an ID of the at least one candidate cell. In some embodiments, the message indicating the activation or deactivation status may comprise an indication indicating the status of the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set is activated or deactivated.
[0120] It is to be noted that the message indicating the activation or deactivation status may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0121] As shown in step 304, the CU 151 may transmit, to the DU 153 (i.e., the source DU of which the least one candidate cell belongs) , a message to forward the request for activation or deactivation for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of the at least one candidate cell of the DU 152 (i.e., the candidate DU) . In some embodiments, the message may include at least one of the following: the ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the DU 153 (i.e., the source DU) , which is gNB-DU UE F1AP ID; the ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the CU 151, which is gNB-CU UE F1AP ID; an ID of the at least one candidate cell; the indication indicating the status of the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set is activated or deactivated; or the second information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.
[0122] As shown in step 305, the DU 153 (i.e., source DU) may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE including at least one of the following: the ID of the at least one candidate cell; the indication indicating the status of the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set is activated or deactivated; or the second information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.
[0123] FIG. 3B illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 300B of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300B will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. The process 300B may involve the terminal device 110, the CUs 151 and 155, and the DUs 153 and 156. In this example, an inter-CU case is described. The DU 153 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110. The CU 151 serves as a source CU, and the CU 155 serves as a candidate CU. The DU 153 serves as a source DU, and the DU 156 serves as a candidate DU.
[0124] As shown in step 310 of FIG. 3B, the DU 153 may transmit, to the CU 151, a request for activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of at least one candidate cell. The step 310 may be implemented as that described for the step 301, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0125] As shown in step 311 of FIG. 3B, the CU 151 (i.e., source CU) may transmit the first information to the CU 155 (candidate CU) . In some embodiments, the CU 151 may transmit, to the CU 155, a message to request for the activation or deactivation for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of the at least one candidate cell. In some embodiments, the message includes at least one of the following: an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the CU 151 (i.e., source CU) which is a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID, an ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the CU 155 (candidate CU) which is a NG-RAN node UE XnAP ID, the ID of the at least one candidate cell; the indication that the request is for activation or deactivation of the at least one CSI-RS resource set; or the first information associated with the at least one semi-persistent CSI-RS resource set.
[0126] As shown in step 312 of FIG. 3B, the CU 155 (i.e., candidate CU) may transmit the first information to the DU 156. In other words, the CU 155 may transmit, to the candidate DU of which the least one candidate cell belongs, a message to forward the request for activation or deactivation for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of the at least one candidate cell of the candidate DU. The step 312 may be implemented as that described in the step 302, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0127] As shown in step 313, the DU 156 may transmit, to the CU 155, a message indicating an activation or deactivation status for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. The step 313 may be implemented as that described in the step 303, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0128] As shown in step 314, the CU 155 (i.e., candidate CU) may transmit, to the CU 151 (i.e., source CU) , a message to request for the activation or deactivation for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of the at least one candidate cell. In some embodiments, the message may include at least one of the following: the ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the CU 151 (i.e., source CU) ; the ID of the terminal device 110 allocated by the CU 155 (e.g., candidate CU) ; the ID of the at least one candidate cell; the indication indicating the status of the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set is activated or deactivated; or the second information associated with the at least one semi-persistent CSI-RS resource set.
[0129] As shown in step 315, the CU 151 may transmit, to the DU 153 (i.e., the source DU of which the least one candidate cell belongs) , a message to forward the request for activation or deactivation for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of the at least one candidate cell of the DU 152 (i.e., the candidate DU) . The step 315 may be implemented as that described in the step 304, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0130] As shown in step 316, the DU 153 (i.e., source DU) may transmit a MAC CE to the terminal device 110. The step 316 may be implemented as that described in the step 305, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0131] As such, support of semi-persistence CSI-RS may be achieved. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in any of the processes 300A and 300B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. More or less steps may also be feasible. It is also to be understood that operations or steps in the processes 300A and 300B may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF LTM RECOVERY ENHANCEMENT
[0132] Currently, UE can be configured by a source gNB to perform LTM recovery (an information element (IE) ‘attemptLTM-Switch-r18’ ) , i.e., the UE performs LTM cell switch execution if the selected cell is a LTM candidate cell associated with the MCG and it is the first cell selection after a failure, which may be a radio link failure or LTM cell switch execution failure. However, it is unclear whether the UE continues to support LTM recovery after an inter-CU mobility procedure.
[0133] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to solve the above and other potential issues. The solutions will be described in connection with FIG. 4 below.
[0134] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 400 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 400 may involve the terminal device 110, and the network devices 120 and 130. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110. The network device 120 serves as a source gNB, and the network device 130 serves as a candidate gNB or target candidate gNB.
[0135] As shown in step 410 of FIG. 4, the network device 120 may transmit, to the network device 130, a message (also referred to as a seventh message herein) for LTM recovery. In other words, a source gNB may transmit the seventh message to each of the candidate gNBs or the target candidate gNB of a LTM cell switch procedure.
[0136] In some embodiments where the network device 130 is a candidate gNB, the seventh message may be a handover request message, or a LTM configuration update message, or any other suitable messages. In some embodiments where the network device 130 is a target candidate gNB of a LTM cell switch procedure, the seventh message may be a cell switch notification message or any other suitable messages.
[0137] In some embodiments, the seventh message may comprise a configuration (also referred to as a first configuration herein) of LTM recovery. In some embodiments, the configuration of LTM recovery may indicate whether the terminal device 100 performs a LTM cell switch execution for a selected LTM candidate cell, if the cell selection is triggered by detecting radio link failure of the MCG or re-configuration with sync failure of the MCG for an LTM cell switch procedure or not.
[0138] In some embodiments, the first configuration of LTM recovery may be included in a reference configuration.
[0139] In some embodiments, the seventh message may comprise security ID information. In some embodiments, the security ID information may include a security related ID associated with a serving / source cell, and a security related ID associated with each of candidate cells. In some embodiments, the security related ID associated with the serving cell and the security related ID associated with the candidate cell may be used by the terminal device 110 to determine whether to perform security key update, and PDCP re-establishment for data radio bearer (DRB) and signal radio bearers (SRBs) during a LTM cell switch procedure from the serving / source cell to the candidate cell.
[0140] In some embodiments, the seventh message may comprise a LTM configuration of the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may include the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may also include a list of LTM candidate configurations associated with a list of candidate cells.
[0141] It is to be noted that the seventh message may comprise any combinations of the first configuration, the security ID information and the LTM configuration.
[0142] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may also transmit, to the terminal device 110, a message (also referred to as a sixth message herein) . In some embodiments, the sixth message may comprise at least one of the first configuration of LTM recovery, the security ID information and the LTM configuration of the terminal device 110 as described above. The sixth message may be a RRC reconfiguration message or any other suitable messages.
[0143] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may receive a configuration (also refer to as a second configuration herein) of LTM recovery from the network device 130, and transmit the second configuration to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the network device 130 may determine the second configuration of LTM recovery by taking the first configuration of LTM recovery into consideration.
[0144] As shown by 420 in FIG. 4, at step 421, the network device 130 may transmit, to the network device 120, a message comprising the second configuration of LTM recovery. In other words, the network device 130 (i.e., the candidate gNB or target candidate gNB) may configure the second configuration of LTM recovery for the terminal device 110.
[0145] In some embodiments, the second configuration of LTM recovery may be associated with the candidate gNB, or a security related identity, or a candidate cell of the candidate gNB.
[0146] As shown in step 422, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, the sixth message comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery, and the second configuration received from the candidate gNBs. In other words, the source / serving gNB transmits to the terminal device 110 the first RRC reconfiguration message comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery associated with the source / serving gNB, and the second configuration of LTM recovery received for each of the candidate gNBs.
[0147] As shown by 430 in FIG. 4, at step 431, the terminal device 110 may access to the network device 130 (i.e., the candidate gNB) . For example, the terminal device 110 may access to the network device 130 by performing LTM cell switch execution, handover, conditional handover or other types of mobility procedure. At step 432, the network device 130 (which becomes the new serving / source gNB of the terminal device 110) may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a second RRC reconfiguration message comprising the second configuration of LTM recovery.
[0148] As such, a network (NW) -based solution for LTM recovery may be achieved. Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a UE-based solution for LTM recovery. For convenience, the UE-based solution will be described still with reference to FIG. 4.
[0149] As shown in step 440 of FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may initiate a mobility procedure. In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may be a LTM cell switch procedure, a handover procedure or a conditional handover procedure or other types of mobility procedure.
[0150] As shown in step 450 of FIG. if the mobility procedure is an inter-CU mobility procedure, the terminal device 110 may consider that a configuration of LTM recovery (e.g., the first configuration of LTM recovery) is not configured. In some embodiments, upon initiation of the inter-CU mobility procedure, the terminal device 110 may consider the configuration of LTM recovery as not configured upon initiation or completion of the inter-CU mobility procedure.
[0151] In some embodiments, the configuration of LTM recovery may indicate that the terminal device 110 performs LTM cell switch execution for a selected LTM candidate cell, if the cell selection is triggered by detecting radio link failure of MCG or re-configuration with sync failure of the MCG for a LTM cell switch procedure.
[0152] In some embodiments, if a value of an identity associated with a source cell (e.g., the security related ID associated with the source / serving cell) of the mobility procedure and a value of an identity associated with a target cell of the mobility procedure (e.g., the security related ID associated with the target / selected candidate cell) are different, the terminal device 110 may determine that the mobility procedure is the inter-CU mobility procedure.
[0153] In some embodiments, if security key update information is included in a LTM cell switch command MAC CE with triggers the mobility procedure, and the security key update information indicate that a new security key (master key) is to be derived by the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may determine that the mobility procedure is the inter-CU mobility procedure.
[0154] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may consider the configuration of LTM recovery as not configured by releasing the configuration of LTM recovery.
[0155] So far, LTM recovery enhancement may be achieved. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in the process 400 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. More or less steps may also be feasible. It is also to be understood that operations or steps in the process 400 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONDITIONAL LTM
[0156] Currently, a MAC layer of UE performs condition evaluation for conditional LTM, i.e., the MAC layer of the UE evaluates the condition to trigger LTM cell execution. The condition is that an entering condition of an LTM event is fulfilled for one or more beams of the candidate cell for a timer to trigger. However, in case of MCG failure or SCG failure, whether and how to stop condition evaluation for LTM is unclear. Further, it is unclear how to determine a triggering type of LTM.
[0157] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to solve the above and other potential issues. The solutions will be described in connection with FIG. 5A below.
[0158] FIG. 5A illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 500 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500A will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 500 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110.
[0159] As shown in FIG. 5A, at step 510, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a LTM configuration indicating a conditional LTM.
[0160] In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may comprise a set of LTM candidate configurations for a set of LTM candidate cells. Each LTM candidate configuration in the set of LTM candidate configurations may be associated with one LTM candidate cell. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may be associated with one or more conditions (may be also referred to as execution conditions or triggering conditions) to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the condition is that an L1 event (e.g., Event LTM3 or Event LTM4) is fulfilled for a time period (time to trigger) . The MAC layer of the terminal device 110 may perform condition evaluation for the set of LTM candidate configurations, and when the one or more conditions are fulfilled, a LTM cell switch procedure may be initiated by the MAC layer of the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, one LTM candidate configuration of the set of LTM candidate configurations may comprise the configuration of the one or more conditions associated with the LTM candidate configuration. It is to be noted that the one or more conditions may be implemented in any suitable ways, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0161] As shown in step 520, upon determination that at least one procedure in a set of procedures is initiated, the terminal device 110 may transmit, from a RRC layer to the MAC layer, an indication of stopping the evaluation of a condition of triggering a conditional LTM. The set of procedures may comprise at least one of the following: a procedure of reporting a SCG failure, a procedure of reporting a MCG failure, a detection of MCG radio link failure, or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure. For example, upon the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 initiates at least one of the set of procedures, the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 indicates to at least one of a MCG MAC entity or SCG MAC entity to stop evaluating the condition to trigger for conditional LTM.
[0162] In some embodiments, upon the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 initiates the procedure to report SCG failures by transmitting a SCG failure information message, the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 may indicate to the SCG MAC entity to stop evaluating the condition to trigger for conditional LTM.
[0163] In some embodiments, upon the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 initiates a procedure to report MCG failure information (also referred to as MCG fast recovery) by transmitting a MCG failure information message, or detects a MCG radio link failure, or initiates a RRC connection re-establishment procedure, the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 may indicate to the both the MCG MAC entity and SCG MAC entity to stop evaluating the condition to trigger for conditional LTM.
[0164] As shown in step 530, upon determination that a random access problem is detected, the terminal device 110 may perform, by the MAC layer, an operation to manage condition evaluation for LTM.
[0165] In some embodiments, the operation may comprise at least one of the following: transmitting, to the RRC layer, an indication of the random access problem; considering that a random access procedure is unsuccessfully completed; or stopping the evaluation of the condition of triggering the LTM.
[0166] In some embodiments, if the random access problem is detected by the MAC of the terminal device 110, for example a preamble transmission counter (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER) is equal to “preambleTransMax + 1” , the MAC layer of the terminal device 110 may indicate the random access problem to an upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) , and consider the random access problem as unsuccessful completed, and the MAC layer of the terminal device 110 stops conditional evaluation for LTM.
[0167] As shown in step 540, upon determination that a MAC reset is performed, the terminal device 110 may stop, by the MAC layer, the evaluation of the condition of triggering the LTM. In some embodiments, upon MAC reset, the MAC layer of the terminal device 110 stops condition evaluation for conditional LTM, and stop conditional evaluation for L1 event triggered measurement reporting.
[0168] As shown in step 550, the terminal device 110 may evaluate the condition of triggering the LTM cell switch by the MAC layer. If the condition associated with one LTM candidate configuration is satisfied, the terminal device 110 may transmit, from the MAC layer to the upper layer (e.g., the RRC layer) , an indication indicating that the condition is satisfied for the corresponding LTM candidate configuration (for example, by indicating the corresponding identity which identifies the LTM candidate configuration) . If a cell group (i.e., MCG or SCG) associated with a target cell (i.e., candidate cell or selected / target candidate cell) of the associated LTM candidate configuration is not suspended, the terminal device 110 may initiate a LTM cell switch execution procedure by the RRC layer.
[0169] In other words, the MAC layer evaluates the condition to trigger conditional LTM, and if the condition is satisfied, the MAC layer indicates to the upper layer (RRC layer) , if the cell group associated with target / selected candidate cell is not suspended, the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 initiates the LTM cell switch execution procedure.
[0170] As shown in step 560, the terminal device 110 may perform mobility management by considering a time alignment timer associated with a candidate cell.
[0171] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that a condition associated with a candidate cell / LTM candidate configuration is fulfilled and a random access channel (RACH) -less LTM cell switch procedure towards the candidate cell (may be also referred to as target / selected candidate cell) is initiated. If a time alignment timer associated with the candidate cell expires while the RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure is on-going, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: initiating a random access procedure, flushing a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) buffer associated with a HARQ process used for a first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission to a serving cell, or considering the RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure as not ongoing.
[0172] For example, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the source gNB (i.e., the network device 120) , a MAC CE including timing advance (TA) command associated with a candidate cell of a candidate gNB, and start a time alignment timer associated with the candidate cell. The terminal device 110 may determine the execution condition associated with the candidate cell is fulfilled and initiate an RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure towards the candidate cell (also referred to as target or selected candidate cell) . During the RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure, if the time alignment timer associated with the target candidate cell expires, the terminal device 110 may initiate the random access procedure, and flush the HARQ buffer associated with the HARQ process used for the first PUSCH transmission to the serving cell. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also consider the RACH-less LTM procedure as not on-going.
[0173] As such, conditional LTM enhancement may be achieved. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in the process 500A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. More or less steps may also be feasible.
[0174] FIG. 5B illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 500B of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500B will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. The process 500B may involve the terminal device 110, the CU 151, and the DU 153. The DU 153 provides a serving cell or candidate cell for the terminal device 110.
[0175] As shown in step 570 of FIG. 5B, the DU 153 may determine a triggering type of a LTM cell switch to a candidate cell. As shown in step 580 of FIG. 5B, the DU 153 may generate and transmit to the CU 151 at least one of a LTM CSI report configuration or a L1 event based execution condition based on the triggering type.
[0176] In some embodiments, the DU 153 may receive a first indication of the triggering type from the CU 151, and determine the triggering type based on the first indication. In some embodiments, the CU (e.g., CU 151) may determine and indicate to one DU (e.g., DU 153) a triggering type of a LTM cell switch procedure to one candidate cell.
[0177] In some embodiments, the triggering type may comprise UE triggered based on a configured L1 event associated with the candidate cell. In other words, the terminal device 110 triggers a LTM cell switch execution to the LTM candidate cell if the configured L1 event (L1 execution condition) associated with the candidate cell is fulfilled. The L1 event / execution condition means that the event or execution condition is based on L1 measurement results of the beams of the serving cell and the candidate cell.
[0178] In some embodiments, the triggering type may comprise DU triggered based on a L1 measurement result from the terminal device 110. In other words, the DU 153 receives the L1 measurement result associated with the LTM candidate cell from the terminal device 110, and triggers the LTM cell switch to the candidate cell based on the L1 measurement result and by sending to the terminal device 110 a LTM cell switch command. The L1 measurement results may be the L1 measurement result of the beams of the serving cell and the candidate cell.
[0179] In some embodiments, the triggering type may comprise UE triggered based on configured L3 event associated with the candidate cell. In other words, the terminal device 110 triggers the LTM cell switch execution to the LTM candidate cell if a configured L3 event (L3 execution condition) associated with the LTM candidate cell is fulfilled. The L3 event / execution condition means that the L3 event / execution condition is based on L3 measurement result of the serving cell and the candidate cell.
[0180] In some embodiments, the triggering type may comprise CU or DU triggered based on a L3 measurement result from the UE. In other words, the terminal device 110 reports the L3 measurement result to the CU 151, and the CU 151 or DU 153 determines to trigger a LTM cell switch command, and the DU 153 sends to the terminal device 110 a LTM cell switch command MAC CE. The L3 measurement result include the L3 measurement result of the serving cell and candidate cell.
[0181] It is to be noted that the triggering type may comprise any combination of the above triggering types. In other words, one or more triggering types can be supported for the LTM candidate cell / configuration.
[0182] In some embodiments, the CU 151 may indicate the triggering type to DU 153 by a UE context setup request message, or UE context modification request message.
[0183] In some embodiments, if the triggering type indicated to the DU 153 is the UE triggered based on a configured L1 event associated with the candidate cell or the DU triggered based on L1 measurement result from the UE, the DU 153 may generate and indicate to the CU 151 a LTM CSI report configuration and / or a L1 event based execution condition associated with the candidate cell based on the triggering type accordingly. For example, if the triggering type is UE triggered based on a configured L1 event associated with the candidate cell, the DU 153 generates and indicate to CU 151 the LTM CSI report configuration and the L1 event based execution condition. And if the triggering type is DU triggered based on L1 measurement result from the UE, the DU 153 generates and indicates the LTM CSI report configuration to the CU 151. The L1 event based execution condition is one identity of one LTM CSI report configuration associated with the candidate cell.
[0184] In some embodiments, the DU 153 may receive, from the CU 151, a second indication indicating whether the LTM cell switch is triggered based on L1 or L3 measurement, and determine the triggering type based on the second indication. In some embodiments, the CU 151 may determine and indicate to the DU 153 whether the LTM cell switch to the candidate is triggered based on L1 measurement or L3 measurement. In some embodiments, the second indication is sent by UE context setup request message, or UE context modification request message. If the second indication indicates that it is based on L1 measurement, the DU 153, after reception of the second indication, further determines whether the triggering type of the LTM cell switch to the candidate cell is the UE triggered based on configured L1 event associated with the candidate cell or the DU triggered based on L1 measurement result from the terminal device 110, and generate and response to the CU 151 at least one of the LTM CSI report configuration and the L1 event based execution condition associated with the candidate cell based on the triggering type accordingly.
[0185] In some embodiments, the DU 153 may determine whether the LTM cell switch is triggered based on the L1 or L3 measurement, and determine the triggering type upon determination that the LTM cell switch is triggered based on the L1 measurement. In some embodiments, the CU 151 indicates to the DU 153 the LTM candidate cell and the DU 153 may determine whether the LTM cell switch to the LTM candidate cell is based on L1 measurement or L3 measurement, and indicates to the CU 151. If the LTM cell switch to the LTM candidate cell is based on L1 measurement, the DU 153 further determines the triggering type of the LTM cell switch to the candidate cell. For example, the DU 153 may determine whether the LTM cell switch to the candidate cell is the UE triggered based on configured L1 event associated with the candidate cell or the DU triggered based on L1 measurement result from the UE. The DU 153 may indicate the triggering type of the LTM cell switch to the CU 151, and generate and indicate to the CU 151 at least one of the LTM CSI report configuration and the L1 event based execution condition associated with the candidate cell based on the triggering type accordingly.
[0186] Upon reception from DU 153 of the indication that the LTM cell switch to the LTM candidate cell is based on L3 measurement, or upon determining or receiving from DU 153 the triggering type indicating that LTM cell switch to the candidate cell is UE triggered based on configured L3 event associated with the candidate cell or CU or DU triggered based on a L3 measurement result from the UE, the CU 151 may generate the L3 measurement configuration and L3 based execution condition for the LTM candidate cell. And the CU 151 transmits to the terminal device 110 a RRC reconfiguration message comprising at least one of the LTM CSI report configuration, L1 based execution condition, L3 measurement configuration, and L3 based execution condition associated with the candidate cell.
[0187] As such, conditional LTM enhancement may be achieved. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in the process 500B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. More or less steps may also be feasible. It is also to be understood that operations or steps in the processes 200, 300A, 300B, 400, 500A and 500B may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0188] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 6 to 11.
[0189] For illustration, the term ‘first network device’ herein may correspond to a candidate gNB, the term ‘second network device’ herein may correspond to a source gNB, and the term ‘third network device’ herein may correspond to other candidate gNB (s) . The term ‘first CU’herein may correspond to a source CU, the term ‘second CU’ herein may correspond to a target CU or candidate CU, the term ‘first DU’ herein may correspond to a source DU, and the term ‘second DU’ herein may correspond to a target DU or candidate DU.
[0190] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the network device 130 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0191] As shown in FIG. 6, at block 610, a first network device (e.g., the network device 130) may trigger a path switch procedure performed among the first network device, a second network device (e.g., the network device 120) and a core network element.
[0192] At block 620, the first network device may transmit, to a third network device (e.g., the network device 140) , a first message for updating a LTM configuration. The first message may comprise information of security capabilities of a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) .
[0193] In some embodiments, the first message may further comprise at least one of the following: an ID of the terminal device allocated by the second network device, a first ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device, an ID of the terminal device allocated by the first network device, an ID of the second network device, or AS security information.
[0194] In some embodiments, the first network device may receive, from the third network device, a second message comprising at least one of the following: an ID of the terminal device allocated by the first network device, a second ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device, PDU session resource information associated with the third network device, data forwarding information associated with the third network device, or a container including an updated security configuration associated with one or more candidate cells of the third network device.
[0195] In some embodiments, the first network device may receive, from the second network device, a third message comprising at least one of the following: an ID of the terminal device allocated by the second network device, a first ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device, or information of the third network device. The first network device may transmit, to the third network device, a fourth message comprising at least one of the following: an ID of the terminal device allocated by the first network device, the ID of the terminal device allocated by the second network device, the first ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device, an ID of the second network device, an indication indicating that the fourth message is for a purpose of a subsequent LTM cell switch, PDU session resource information associated with the first network device, or data forwarding information associated with the first network device.
[0196] In some embodiments, the first network device may receive, from the third network device, a fifth message comprising at least one of the following: a second ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device, the ID of the terminal device allocated by the first network device, PDU session resource information associated with the third network device, or data forwarding information associated with the third network device.
[0197] With the method 600, UE association and data forwarding for subsequent LTM may be achieved. It is to be understood that operations of the method 600 correspond to that described with reference to FIG. 2, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0198] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 of communication implemented at a first CU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the CU 151 as shown in FIG. 1B. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0199] As shown in FIG. 7, at block 710, a first CU (e.g., the CU 151) of a network device may receive, from a first DU (e.g., the DU 153) of the network device, a request for activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set of at least one candidate cell. The request comprises first information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. The first information comprises at least one of the following: first BWP information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, or first TCI state information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.
[0200] At block 720, the first CU may transmit the first information to a second DU (e.g., the DU 152) of the network device or a second CU (e.g., the CU 155) of a further network device.
[0201] In some embodiments, the first CU may receive, from the second DU or the second CU, a message indicating an activation or deactivation status for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. The message comprises second information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set. The second information may comprise at least one of the following: second BWP information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, or second TCI state information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.
[0202] With the method 700, support of semi-persistence CSI-RS may be achieved. It is to be understood that operations of the method 700 correspond to that described with reference to FIGs. 3A and 3B, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0203] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 of communication implemented at a second network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be performed at the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0204] As shown in FIG. 8, at block 810, a second network device (e.g., the network device 120) may transmit, to a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , a sixth message comprising at least one of the following: a first configuration of LTM recovery, security ID information, or a LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information.
[0205] At block 820, the second network device may transmit, to a first network device (e.g., the network device 130) , a seventh message comprising at least one of the following: the first configuration of LTM recovery, the security ID information, or the LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information.
[0206] In some embodiments, the second network device provides a source cell of a LTM cell switch procedure, and the first network device provides a candidate cell of the LTM cell switch procedure. The seventh message is a handover request message or a LTM configuration update message.
[0207] In some embodiments, the second network device provides a source cell of a LTM cell switch procedure, and the first network device provides a target cell of the LTM cell switch procedure. The seventh message is a cell switch notification message.
[0208] In some embodiments, the second network device may receive, from the first network device, a second configuration of LTM recovery; and transmit, to the terminal device, the second configuration of LTM recovery.
[0209] With the method 800, LTM recovery enhancement may be achieved. It is to be understood that operations of the method 800 correspond to that described with reference to FIG. 4, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0210] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 900 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 900 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0211] As shown in FIG. 9, at block 910, a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) may initiate a mobility procedure. In some embodiments, the mobility procedure is a LTM cell switch procedure or a handover procedure.
[0212] At block 920, if the mobility procedure is an inter-CU mobility procedure, consider that a configuration of LTM recovery is not configured.
[0213] In some embodiments, the terminal device may determine that the mobility procedure is the inter-CU mobility procedure based on at least one of the following: a value of an identity associated with a source cell of the mobility procedure and a value of an identity associated with a target cell of the mobility procedure are different; or security key information is comprised in a command triggering the mobility procedure and the security key information indicates that a security key is to be derived by the terminal device.
[0214] In some embodiments, the terminal device may consider that the configuration of LTM recovery is not configured by: releasing the configuration of LTM recovery.
[0215] With the method 900, LTM recovery enhancement may also be achieved. It is to be understood that operations of the method 900 correspond to that described with reference to FIG. 4, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0216] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 1000 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1000 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 1000 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0217] As shown in FIG. 10, at block 1010, a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) may determine that at least one procedure in a set of procedures is initiated. The set of procedures comprises at least one of the following: a procedure of reporting a SCG failure, a procedure of reporting a MCG failure or MCG radio link failure, or a RRC re-establishment procedure.
[0218] At block 1020, in accordance with a determination that the at least one procedure in the set of procedures is initiated, the terminal device may transmit, from a RRC layer of the terminal device to a MAC layer of the terminal device, an indication of stopping an evaluation of a condition of triggering a conditional LTM.
[0219] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a random access problem is detected, the terminal device may perform, by the MAC layer, an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting, to the RRC layer, an indication of the random access problem; considering that a random access procedure is unsuccessfully completed; or stopping the evaluation of the condition of triggering the LTM.
[0220] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a MAC reset is performed, the terminal device may stop, by the MAC layer, the evaluation of the condition of triggering the LTM.
[0221] In some embodiments, the terminal device may evaluate the condition of triggering the LTM by the MAC layer; in accordance with a determination that the condition is satisfied, transmit, from the MAC layer to the RRC layer, an indication indicating that the condition is satisfied; and in accordance with a determination that a cell group associated with a target cell of the LTM is not suspended, initiate a LTM cell switch execution procedure by the RRC layer.
[0222] In some embodiments, the terminal device may determine that the condition associated with a candidate cell is fulfilled and a RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure towards the candidate cell is initiated; and in accordance with a determination a time alignment timer associated with the candidate cell expires during the RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: initiating a random access procedure, flushing a HARQ buffer associated with a HARQ process used for a first PUSCH transmission to a serving cell, or considering the RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure as not ongoing.
[0223] As such, CLTM enhancement may be achieved. It is to be understood that operations of the method 1000 correspond to that described with reference to FIG. 5A, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0224] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1100 of communication implemented at a first DU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1100 may be performed at the DU 153 as shown in FIG. 1B. It is to be understood that the method 1100 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0225] As shown in FIG. 11, at block 1110, a DU (e.g., the DU 153) may determine a triggering type of a LTM cell switch to a candidate cell.
[0226] In some embodiments, the DU 153 may receive, from a CU (e.g., the CU 151) , a first indication of the triggering type. Based on the first indication, the DU 153 may determine the triggering type.
[0227] In some embodiments, the DU may determine the triggering type based on a second indication received from the CU, the second indication indicating whether the LTM cell switch is triggered based on L1 or L3 measurement.
[0228] In some embodiments, the DU may determine the triggering type upon determination that the LTM cell switch is triggered based on the L1 measurement.
[0229] At block 1120, the DU may generate, based on the triggering type, at least one of a LTM CSI report configuration or a L1 event based execution condition.
[0230] As such, CLTM enhancement may be achieved. It is to be understood that operations of the method 1100 correspond to that described with reference to FIG. 5B, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0231] FIG. 12 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1200 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1200 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network devices 120, 130, 140 or CN element 161 as shown in FIG. 1A or the CU 151 or 155 or the DU 152, 153, 156 or 157 as shown in FIG. 1B. Accordingly, the device 1200 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network devices 120, 130, 140 or CN element 161 as shown in FIG. 1A or the CU 151 or 155 or the DU 152, 153, 156 or 157 as shown in FIG. 1B.
[0232] As shown, the device 1200 includes a processor 1210, a memory 1220 coupled to the processor 1210, a suitable transceiver 1240 coupled to the processor 1210, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1240. The memory 1210 stores at least a part of a program 1230. The transceiver 1240 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1240 may include at least one of a transmitter 1242 or a receiver 1244. The transmitter 1242 and the receiver 1244 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1240 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0233] The program 1230 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1210, enable the device 1200 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1A to 11. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1210 of the device 1200, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1210 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1210 and memory 1220 may form processing means 1250 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0234] The memory 1220 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1220 is shown in the device 1200, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1200. The processor 1210 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1200 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0235] In some embodiments, a device comprises a circuitry configured to perform any of the methods 600 to 1100. The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0236] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0237] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1A to 11. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0238] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0239] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0240] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0241] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first network device to:trigger a path switch procedure performed among the first network device, a second network device and a core network element; andtransmit, to a third network device, a first message for updating a layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) configuration, the first message comprising information of security capabilities of a terminal device.2.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first message further comprises at least one of the following:an identity (ID) of the terminal device allocated by the second network device,a first ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device,an ID of the terminal device allocated by the first network device,an ID of the second network device, oraccess stratum (AS) security information.3.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is further caused to:receive, from the third network device, a second message comprising at least one of the following:an identity (ID) of the terminal device allocated by the first network device,a second ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device,protocol data unit (PDU) session resource information associated with the third network device,data forwarding information associated with the third network device, ora container including an updated security configuration associated with one or more candidate cells of the third network device.4.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is further caused to:receive, from the second network device, a third message comprising at least one of the following:an identity (ID) of the terminal device allocated by the second network device,a first ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device, orinformation of the third network device; andtransmit, to the third network device, a fourth message comprising at least one of the following:an ID of the terminal device allocated by the first network device,the ID of the terminal device allocated by the second network device,the first ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device,an ID of the second network device,an indication indicating that the fourth message is for a purpose of a subsequent LTM cell switch,protocol data unit (PDU) session resource information associated with the first network device, ordata forwarding information associated with the first network device.5.The first network device of claim 4, wherein the first network device is further caused to:receive, from the third network device, a fifth message comprising at least one of the following:a second ID of the terminal device allocated by the third network device,the ID of the terminal device allocated by the first network device,protocol data unit (PDU) session resource information associated with the third network device, ordata forwarding information associated with the third network device.6.A first central unit (CU) of a network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first CU to:receive, from a first distributed unit (DU) of the network device, a request for activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set of at least one candidate cell, the request comprising first information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, the first information comprising at least one of the following:first bandwidth part (BWP) information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, orfirst transmission configuration indication (TCI) state information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set; andtransmit the first information to a second DU of the network device or a second CU of a further network device.7.The first CU of claim 6, wherein the first CU is further caused to:receive, from the second DU or the second CU, a message indicating an activation or deactivation status for the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, the message comprising second information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, the second information comprising at least one of the following:second BWP information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, orsecond TCI state information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set.8.A second network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second network device to:transmit, to a terminal device, a sixth message comprising at least one of the following:a first configuration of layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) recovery,security identity (ID) information, ora LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information; andtransmit, to a first network device, a seventh message comprising at least one of the following:the first configuration of LTM recovery,the security ID information, orthe LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information.9.The second network device of claim 8, wherein the second network device provides a source cell of a LTM cell switch procedure, and the first network device provides a candidate cell of the LTM cell switch procedure, andwherein the seventh message is a handover request message or a LTM configuration update message.10.The second network device of claim 8, wherein the second network device provides a source cell of a LTM cell switch procedure, and the first network device provides a target cell of the LTM cell switch procedure, andwherein the seventh message is a cell switch notification message.11.The second network device of claim 8, wherein the second network device is further caused to:receive, from the first network device, a second configuration of LTM recovery; andtransmit, to the terminal device, the second configuration of LTM recovery.12.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:initiate a mobility procedure; andin accordance with a determination that the mobility procedure is an inter-central unit (CU) mobility procedure, consider that a configuration of layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) recovery is not configured.13.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the mobility procedure is a LTM cell switch procedure or a handover procedure.14.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine that the mobility procedure is the inter-CU mobility procedure based on at least one of the following:a value of an identity associated with a source cell of the mobility procedure and a value of an identity associated with a target cell of the mobility procedure are different; orsecurity key information is comprised in a command triggering the mobility procedure and the security key information indicates that a security key is to be derived by the terminal device.15.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the terminal device is caused to consider that the configuration of LTM recovery is not configured by:releasing the configuration of LTM recovery.16.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:in accordance with a determination that at least one procedure in a set of procedures is initiated, transmit, from a radio resource control (RRC) layer of the terminal device to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the terminal device, an indication of stopping an evaluation of a condition of triggering a conditional layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) , the set of procedures comprising at least one of the following:a procedure of reporting a secondary cell group (SCG) failure,a procedure of reporting a master cell group (MCG) failure or MCG radio link failure, ora RRC re-establishment procedure.17.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a random access problem is detected, perform, by the MAC layer, an operation comprising at least one of the following:transmitting, to the RRC layer, an indication of the random access problem;considering that a random access procedure is unsuccessfully completed; orstopping the evaluation of the condition of triggering the LTM.18.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a MAC reset is performed, stop, by the MAC layer, the evaluation of the condition of triggering the LTM.19.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:evaluate the condition of triggering the LTM by the MAC layer;in accordance with a determination that the condition is satisfied, transmit, from the MAC layer to the RRC layer, an indication indicating that the condition is satisfied; andin accordance with a determination that a cell group associated with a target cell of the LTM is not suspended, initiate a LTM cell switch execution procedure by the RRC layer.20.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine that the condition associated with a candidate cell is fulfilled and a random access channel (RACH) -less LTM cell switch procedure towards the candidate cell is initiated; andin accordance with a determination a time alignment timer associated with the candidate cell expires during the RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:initiating a random access procedure,flushing a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) buffer associated with a HARQ process used for a first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission to a serving cell, orconsidering the RACH-less LTM cell switch procedure as not ongoing.21.A distributed unit (DU) of a network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the DU to:determine a triggering type of a layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch to a candidate cell by at least one of the following:receiving, from a central unit (CU) of the network device, a first indication of the triggering type,determining the triggering type based on a second indication received from the CU, the second indication indicating whether the LTM cell switch is triggered based on a L1 or layer 3 (L3) measurement, ordetermining the triggering type upon determination that the LTM cell switch is triggered based on the L1 measurement; andgenerate, based on the triggering type, at least one of a LTM channel status information (CSI) report configuration or a L1 event based execution condition.22.A method of communication at a first network device, comprising:triggering a path switch procedure performed among the first network device, a second network device and a core network element; andtransmitting, to a third network device, a first message for updating a layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) configuration, the first message comprising information of security capabilities of a terminal device.23.A method of communication at a first central unit (CU) of a network device, comprising:receiving, from a first distributed unit (DU) of the network device, a request for activation or deactivation for at least one semi-persistence channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set of at least one candidate cell, the request comprising first information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, the first information comprising at least one of the following:first bandwidth part (BWP) information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set, orfirst transmission configuration indication (TCI) state information associated with the at least one semi-persistence CSI-RS resource set; andtransmitting the first information to a second DU of the network device or a second CU of a further network device.24.A method of communication at a second network device, comprising:transmitting, to a terminal device, a sixth message comprising at least one of the following:a first configuration of layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) recovery,security identity (ID) information, ora LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information; andtransmitting, to a first network device, a seventh message comprising at least one of the following:the first configuration of LTM recovery,the security ID information, orthe LTM configuration comprising the first configuration of LTM recovery and the security ID information.25.A method of communication at a terminal device, comprising:initiating a mobility procedure; andin accordance with a determination that the mobility procedure is an inter-central unit (CU) mobility procedure, considering that a configuration of layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) recovery is not configured.26.A method of communication at a terminal device, comprising:in accordance with a determination that at least one procedure in a set of procedures is initiated, transmitting, from a radio resource control (RRC) layer of the terminal device to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the terminal device, an indication of stopping an evaluation of a condition of triggering a conditional layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) , the set of procedures comprising at least one of the following:a procedure of reporting a secondary cell group (SCG) failure,a procedure of reporting a master cell group (MCG) failure or MCG radio link failure, ora RRC re-establishment procedure.27.A method of communication at a distributed unit (DU) of a network device, comprising:determining a triggering type of a layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch to a candidate cell by at least one of the following:receiving, from a central unit (CU) of the network device, a first indication of the triggering type,determining the triggering type based on a second indication received from the CU, the second indication indicating whether the LTM cell switch is triggered based on a L1 or layer 3 (L3) measurement, ordetermining the triggering type upon determination that the LTM cell switch is triggered based on the L1 measurement; andgenerating, based on the triggering type, at least one of a LTM channel status information (CSI) report configuration or a L1 event based execution condition.