Network node, base station, and communication method

Abstract

This network node comprises: a control unit that sets a parameter relating to voltage bias adjustment and a mapping table indicating a relationship between a traffic load, a voltage bias level, and a voltage value of a power amplifier; a transmission unit that transmits the parameter and the mapping table to a base station; and a reception unit that receives information relating to the traffic load from the base station. The control unit determines the voltage bias level on the basis of the mapping table and the information relating to the traffic load received from the base station. The transmission unit transmits the determined voltage bias level to the base station.

Description

Network Node, Base Station, and Communication Method

[0001] The present invention relates to a network node, a base station, and a communication method in a communication system.

[0002] In a wireless communication system NR (New Radio) (also referred to as "5G") and a successor system of NR (for example, "6G") based on the 3GPP (registered trademark) standard, as requirements, technologies that satisfy a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, power saving, etc. are being studied (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Also, the network architectures in 5GC (5G Core Network) or 5GS (5G System), which is the core network in 5G, and 6GC (6G Core Network) or 6GS (6G System), which is a successor to 5G, are being studied.

[0004] On the other hand, reducing the energy consumption of a mobile communication network is an important issue, and in particular, the consumption of the radio access network (RAN) is large. Also, sustainability is emphasized for 6G, and reduction of the operator's operating costs and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions are also required. In the O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) architecture, it is particularly important to improve the energy efficiency of the radio unit (O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU)), and the O-RAN Alliance is conducting studies on energy saving.

[0005] 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.3.0 (2024-09)

[0006] Since the power amplifier of a conventional radio unit (O-RU) operates with a fixed voltage bias, it consumes a certain amount of energy regardless of the traffic load. Therefore, unnecessary energy consumption occurs during low load, and the energy efficiency of the entire network decreases.

[0007] Furthermore, while wireless access networks utilize a variety of power sources, including renewable and non-renewable energy, information such as the type of power source and available capacity is not used for energy management of network equipment.

[0008] This invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to reduce energy consumption at base stations in wireless communication networks.

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, a network node is provided comprising: a control unit that sets parameters relating to voltage bias adjustment and a mapping table showing the relationship between traffic load, voltage bias level, and power amplifier voltage value; a transmitting unit that transmits the parameters and the mapping table to a base station; and a receiving unit that receives information regarding traffic load from the base station, wherein the control unit determines the voltage bias level based on the mapping table and the information regarding traffic load received from the base station, and the transmitting unit transmits the determined voltage bias level to the base station.

[0010] According to the disclosed technology, energy consumption at base stations in wireless communication networks can be reduced.

[0011] This figure shows an example configuration (1) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example configuration (2) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a logical architecture in an O-RAN. This figure shows an example of a transmitter in a wireless unit (O-RU). This figure shows an example of a sequence diagram (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a mapping table between traffic load and voltage bias level according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a sequence diagram (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of a mapping table between power supply information and O-RU operating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and a network node 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 and a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are examples, and the embodiments to which the present invention is applied are not limited to those described below.

[0013] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technologies may be used as appropriate. However, such existing technologies may be, for example, existing LTE or existing NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR.

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), which are used in existing LTE systems, will be used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc., may be called by other names. Also, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even if a signal is used in NR, it is not necessarily explicitly stated as "NR-".

[0015] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the duplex system may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) system, an FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) system, or any other system (for example, a Flexible Duplex).

[0016] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" wireless parameters means that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or terminal 20 are configured. Also, in the following description, " / " means "and / or" unless otherwise specified, or unless it is clear from the context that it has a different meaning.

[0017] Figure 1 shows an example configuration (1) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, but this is an example, and there may be multiple base stations 10 and terminals 20.

[0018] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and communicates wirelessly with terminal 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. Base station 10 transmits synchronization signals and system information to terminal 20. Synchronization signals are, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. System information is transmitted, for example, in NR-PBCH and is also called broadcast information. Synchronization signals and system information may also be called SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in Figure 1, base station 10 transmits control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals using beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Also, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via Carrier Aggregation (CA) through secondary cells (SCell) and primary cells (PCell). Additionally, the terminal 20 may communicate via Dual Connectivity (DC) through the primary cell of base station 10 and the primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell) of another base station 10.

[0019] Terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with wireless communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, tablet, wearable device, or M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in Figure 1, Terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. Terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and performs propagation path quality measurement based on the reception results of said reference signals.

[0020] Furthermore, various requirements are being considered for the next generation of 6G. For example, these requirements may include ultra-broadband communication, mission-critical communication, ultra-massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, and ubiquitous sensing.

[0021] Furthermore, these requirements may include ultra-high-speed communication, large-capacity communication, ultra-wide coverage, ultra-low power consumption, low cost, ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability communication, ultra-high connectivity, and sensing.

[0022] To meet these requirements, the new concept aims for extensibility (e.g., making it more effective for future use), ease of operation, customizability (e.g., making it easier to operate), and sustainability (e.g., cost reduction, a more robust configuration, and resilience). Furthermore, guaranteed communication, ensuring a minimum level of performance at all times, is being considered.

[0023] Figure 2 shows an example configuration (2) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 shows an example configuration of a wireless communication system when DC (Dual connectivity) is performed. As shown in Figure 2, a base station 10A that will be an MN (Master Node) and a base station 10B that will be an SN (Secondary Node) are provided. Base stations 10A and 10B are each connected to the core network. Terminal 20 can communicate with both base station 10A and base station 10B.

[0024] A cell group provided by base station 10A, which is an MN (Mobile Network), is called an MCG (Master Cell Group), and a cell group provided by base station 10B, which is an SN (Mobile Network), is called an SCG (Secondary Cell Group). In a data center, an MCG consists of one PCell and one or more SCells, and an SCG consists of one PSCell (Primary SCG Cell) and one or more SCells.

[0025] Figure 3 shows an example of the logical architecture in O-RAN. As shown in Figure 3, at base station 10, distributed units (O-DUs) and radio units (O-RUs) are connected via an open fronthaul interface. This interface also transmits and receives control signals, user data, and synchronization signals in the open fronthaul control / user / synchronization plane (Open FH CUS-Plane), and management signals in the open fronthaul management plane (Open FH M-Plane). Furthermore, the Service Management and Orchestration (SMO), which manages and integrates services, communicates with the O-RUs via the Open FH M-Plane, with the O-DUs via the O1 interface, and with the O-Cloud via the O2 interface. Furthermore, the Non-Real Time RIC (RAN Intelligent Controller) in the SMO communicates with the Near-Real Time RIC via the A1 interface. The O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) and the O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) communicate with the O-DU via the F1-c and F1-u interfaces, respectively. The Near-Real Time RIC communicates with the O-DU and O-CU-CP, etc., via the E2 interface. Additionally, the rApp, an application running in the Non-Real Time RIC, performs processing related to network operation and management, while the xApp, running in the Near-Real Time RIC, performs processing related to network optimization.

[0026] O-DU, O-CU, O-RU, SMO, and RIC may be deployed on the same base station, on different base stations, or in different locations other than base stations (nearby, remote, etc.). They may be treated as base station equipment or as network nodes. Furthermore, O-DU and O-CU may be deployed on a virtualization infrastructure and may be denoted as vDU (virtual DU) and vCU (virtual CU), for example.

[0027] (Example 1) In this example, a procedure for dynamically adjusting the voltage bias of the power amplifier in a transmitter of a wireless unit (O-RU) as shown in Figure 4, in response to fluctuations in traffic load, and optimizing energy efficiency will be described. This example makes it possible to achieve both real-time control and long-term optimization by utilizing the Near-RT RIC and the Non-RT RIC inside the SMO.

[0028] The details of the processing in Example 1 will be explained below using a sequence diagram. Figure 5 shows an example of a sequence diagram (1) in an embodiment of the present invention. In this sequence diagram, the following newly defined parameters related to voltage bias adjustment may be used. SMO30A may store the value of the parameter entered by the administrator, for example. The parameter may also be transmitted and received between SMO30A, Near-RT RIC30C, and base station 10 (O-DU / O-CU10A, O-RU10B), etc., via the O1 interface. ・O1_V1 (Voltage Bias Adjustment Interval): Sets the voltage bias adjustment interval (e.g., 5 minutes). By setting an appropriate adjustment interval, it is possible to respond quickly to traffic fluctuations and improve energy efficiency. ・O1_V2 (Voltage Bias Level List): Sets a list of voltage bias levels (e.g., Level 1 (low load), Level 2 (medium load), Level 3 (high load), etc.). By defining the levels in advance, the complexity of control is reduced and a quick response is possible. ・A1 Policy (Voltage Bias Adjustment Policy): Sets the correspondence between traffic load and voltage bias level. By having a Non-RT RIC deployed within the SMO send configured A1 policies to a Near-RT RIC, and the Near-RT RIC then executes control based on the received policies, it is possible to improve the overall consistency and efficiency of the system.

[0029] The following describes the process for each step in Figure 5.

[0030] S101: SMO30A sets parameters related to voltage bias adjustment (O1_V1, O1_V2) entered by the administrator, for example, and sends a message containing the set parameters to O-DU / O-CU10A.

[0031] S102: O-DU / O-CU10A sends a message to O-RU10B containing the voltage bias adjustment parameters (O1_V1, O1_V2) received in S101.

[0032] S103: The SMO30A sets a policy (A1 policy) to optimize the energy efficiency of the entire network, which is entered by the administrator, for example. This policy may be defined as a mapping table showing the relationship between traffic load, voltage bias level, and power amplifier voltage values, for example. Furthermore, the SMO30A sends a message to the Non-RT RIC30B containing the set mapping table.

[0033] Figure 6 shows an example of a mapping table between traffic load and voltage bias level in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, the mapping table sets the voltage bias level to level 1 (voltage value of 3V) when the traffic load is 0-30%, to level 2 (voltage value of 3.3V) when the traffic load is 31-70%, and to level 3 (voltage value of 3.6V) when the traffic load is 71-100%.

[0034] Here, the traffic load may be, for example, a percentage of the maximum value of a traffic-related metric. This metric may be the amount of traffic that will be transmitted in the future (for example, the amount of data stored in O-RU10B), or the number of users / amount of data held / throughput / latency on the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL). Alternatively, it may be the percentage of the largest value among several such metrics.

[0035] Furthermore, Non-RT RIC30B may update the mapping table in response to long-term changes in traffic load and transmit the updated mapping table to Near-RT RIC30C, O-DU / O-CU10A, and O-RU10B. Also, different mapping tables may be used depending on the region / time zone for more detailed control. Let's return to Figure 5 for further explanation.

[0036] S104: Non-RT RIC30B sends a message to Near-RT RIC30C containing the mapping table received in S103. Non-RT RIC30B may also analyze past traffic load / energy consumption at base station 10 and analyze load fluctuations by time of day / region. Non-RT RIC30B may also determine a policy (mapping table) that maximizes energy efficiency based on the analysis results. This makes it possible to appropriately control the voltage bias level set in O-RU10B.

[0037] S105: Near-RT RIC30C sends a message to O-DU / O-CU10A containing the mapping table received in S104.

[0038] S106: O-DU / O-CU10A sends a message to O-RU10B containing the mapping table received in S105.

[0039] S107: O-RU10B periodically sends messages to O-DU / O-CU10A containing information about the traffic load (for example, at intervals the same as or shorter than the interval set by O1_V1 (voltage bias adjustment interval)).

[0040] S108: O-DU / O-CU10A sends a message to Non-RT RIC30B containing information about the traffic load received in S107.

[0041] S109: The Non-RT RIC30B determines the voltage bias level based on the mapping table received in S103 and the traffic load information received in S108.

[0042] S110: The Non-RT RIC30B sends a message to the O-DU / O-CU10A including the voltage bias level determined in S109. However, if there is no change in the voltage bias level, the Non-RT RIC30B does not need to send this message.

[0043] S111: The O-DU / O-CU 10A transmits a message including the voltage bias level determined in S110 to the O-RU 10B. Here, if there is no change in the voltage bias level, the O-DU / O-CU 10A may not transmit the message.

[0044] S112: The O-RU 10B determines the voltage value of the power amplifier based on the mapping table received in S106 and the voltage bias level received in S111, and adjusts the voltage of the power amplifier using the determined voltage value.

[0045] When real-time operation is required for voltage bias adjustment, instead of S107 to S112, the following processing from S113 to S119 may be executed.

[0046] S113: The Non-RT RIC 30B transmits the mapping table received in S103 to the Near-RT RIC 30C.

[0047] S114: The O-RU 10B transmits a message including information on traffic load to the O-DU / O-CU 10A in real time (for example, at an interval shorter than the interval set by O1_V1 (voltage bias adjustment interval)).

[0048] S115: The O-DU / O-CU 10A transmits a message including information on traffic load received in S114 to the Near-RT RIC 30C.

[0049] S116: The Near-RT RIC 30C determines the voltage bias level and the timing to apply the voltage bias level to the O-RU 10B based on the mapping table received in S113 and the information on traffic load received in S115. Also, the Near-RT RIC 30C may update the mapping table based on the information on traffic load.

[0050] S117: Near-RT RIC30C sends a message to O-DU / O-CU10A including the voltage bias level and application timing determined in S116. This message may be called PA_VoltageBiasControlRequest. However, Near-RT RIC30C does not need to send this message if there is no change in the voltage bias level.

[0051] S118: O-DU / O-CU10A sends a message to O-RU10B including the voltage bias level and application timing received in S117. This message may also include information about the duration for which the voltage bias is applied. This message may also be referred to as ORU_PAVoltageBiasControl. Here, O-DU / O-CU10A does not need to send this message if there is no change in the voltage bias level.

[0052] S119: The O-RU10B adjusts the voltage of the power amplifier based on the mapping table received in S106 and the voltage bias level, application timing, and duration received in S118. For example, if the indicated voltage bias level is level 2, the O-RU10B may set the voltage value to 3.3V.

[0053] S120: O-RU10B monitors power consumption / communication quality indicators and sends a message to O-DU / O-CU10A, including the monitored power consumption / communication quality indicators (throughput, SINR (Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio), delay, etc.), in order to report the adjustment results and current operating status.

[0054] S121: O-DU / O-CU10A sends the message received in S120 to SMO30A.

[0055] S122: SMO30A may readjust the parameters (O1_V1, O1_V2) and mapping table related to voltage bias adjustment based on the power consumption / communication quality indicator received in S120.

[0056] (Modification of Example 1) A modification of Example 1 will now be described. In this modification, O-RU10B may perform voltage bias adjustment based on the parameters (O1_V1, O1_V2) and mapping table related to voltage bias adjustment received from Non-RT RIC30B / Near-RT RIC30C / O-DU / O-CU10A, and the network load measured by its own device. In this modification, Non-RT RIC30B / Near-RT RIC30C / O-DU / O-CU10A do not need to send instructions regarding voltage bias adjustment to O-RU10B.

[0057] (Example 2) In this example, information regarding the type of external power supply and available capacity is provided to the wireless unit (O-RU), and the operating parameters of the O-RU are dynamically adjusted based on this information. This enables the effective use of energy resources and improvement of the overall energy efficiency of the network.

[0058] The details of the processing in Example 2 will be explained below using a sequence diagram. Figure 7 shows an example of a sequence diagram (2) in an embodiment of the present invention. In this sequence diagram, the following newly defined parameters related to the power supply may be used. SMO30A may store the value of the parameter entered by the administrator, for example. The parameter may also be transmitted and received between SMO30A, Near-RT RIC30C, and base station 10 (O-DU / O-CU10A, O-RU10B), etc., via the O1 interface. When instructing O-RU10B to make settings, etc., from Non-RT RIC30B, the instruction may be given directly to O-RU10B or via O-CU / DU10A. ・O1_E1 (Power supply information update interval): Set an appropriate power supply information update interval (for example, 10 minutes) in order to respond quickly to changes in power supply status and perform optimal energy management. - O1_E2 (Power Supply Type List): Sets a list of power supply types used when selecting the optimal operating mode according to the type of power supply (e.g., renewable energy, non-renewable energy, battery, etc.). - O1_E3 (Power Supply Available Capacity Threshold): Sets a threshold for the available power supply capacity used in the process of adjusting operating parameters according to the power supply capacity to prevent power shortage and overconsumption (e.g., 20%, 50%, 80%, etc.).

[0059] The following describes the process for each step in Figure 7.

[0060] S201: SMO30A sets power-related parameters (O1_E1, O1_E2, O1_E3) entered by the administrator, for example, and sends a message to O-RU10B containing the set parameters. These parameters may be sent, for example, via the Open FH M-plane interface between SMO30A and O-RU10B, or via the O1 interface between SMO30A and O-DU10A and the Open FH M-plane between O-DU10A and O-RU10B. Alternatively, only a portion of the parameters (for example, only O1_E1) may be sent.

[0061] S202: SMO30A sets a mapping table of power information and O-RU operating mode, for example, entered by the administrator. Furthermore, SMO30A sends a message to Non-RT RIC30B containing the set mapping table. SMO30A may update the mapping table in response to changes in power information / energy policy and send the updated mapping table to O-RU10B. Here, changes in power information may include, for example, changes in the external environment such as the power supply source. Energy policy may include, for example, stopping high power consumption functions during peak demand through peak shifting / peak cutting when the government calls for power saving, or prioritizing low-power operation during disasters. In addition, different mapping tables may be used depending on the region / time of day for more detailed control.

[0062] Figure 8 shows an example of a mapping table between power supply information and O-RU operating mode in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8, the mapping table includes items such as power supply type, available capacity, O-RU operating mode, and specific operation.

[0063] The power source type indicates the type of power supplied to the base station 10 (O-RU10B), such as renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and batteries.

[0064] The available capacity indicates the ratio to the maximum available power capacity for the power source specified by the power source type. The available capacity is obtained, for example, from the power source. The available capacity for renewable and non-renewable energy may be the ratio of the currently available wattage to the maximum available wattage. This ratio will fluctuate, for example, due to the effects of air conditioner use in summer, or, in the case of solar power generation, due to weather conditions. The available capacity for batteries may be the ratio of the remaining capacity to the maximum capacity of the battery. SMO30A may individually determine the available capacity, etc., for multiple O-RU10Bs and notify each O-RU10B of a different mapping table.

[0065] The O-RU operating mode indicates the operating mode of the O-RU according to the available capacity. For example, if the available capacity is large, operation prioritizing high performance / high quality may be set, while if the available capacity is small, operation prioritizing power consumption reduction may be set.

[0066] The specific operation is set for the O-RU operating mode. For example, if the O-RU operating mode is full power mode, the transmission power may be maximized and all carriers may be enabled. Also, for example, in the sleep mode consideration, the operation may be put to sleep depending on the number of users / traffic volume, and the decision of whether or not to put the operation to sleep may be made by O-RU10B, or by SMO30A and instructed to O-RU10B. In addition, in sleep mode, transmission shutdown (cessation of radio wave output) may be performed. Also, if the cells of two O-RUs (O-RU10B1 and O-RU10B2) overlap, one of them may be shut down. Let's return to Figure 7 for explanation.

[0067] S203: Non-RT RIC30B sends a message to O-RU10B containing the mapping table received in S202. Here, the mapping table may be transmitted, for example, via the A1 interface between Non-RT RIC30B and Near-RT RIC30C, the E2 interface between Near-RT RIC30C and O-DU10A, and the Open FH M-plane between O-DU10A and O-RU10B.

[0068] S204: Non-RT RIC30B sends a message to the power company / external system server 30D, which manages power information, requesting power information. Here, the power information may include, for example, information about the power type and available capacity for the power supply used by O-RU10B. SMO30A / Non-RT RIC30B may also pre-configure methods for obtaining power information, such as API / sensor information from the power company. Furthermore, power information may be obtained periodically based on O1_E1 (power information update interval).

[0069] S205: Server 30D sends a message to Non-RT RIC30B containing the power information requested in S204.

[0070] S206: Non-RT RIC30B determines the operating mode of O-RU10B based on the mapping table received in S202 and the power information received in S205.

[0071] S207: Non-RT RIC30B sends a message to O-RU10B including the operating mode determined in S206. O-RU10B uses the mapping table received in S202 to determine and execute a specific operation corresponding to the received operating mode (e.g., adjusting the transmit power, enabling / disabling the carrier, and switching to sleep mode).

[0072] Alternatively, Non-RT RIC30B may send a message to O-RU10B containing instructions for a specific operation corresponding to the operating mode determined in S206. O-RU10B performs the operation based on the instructions received from Non-RT RIC30B. Here, in S203, Non-RT RIC30B does not need to send a mapping table to O-RU10B.

[0073] Alternatively, Non-RT RIC30B sends a message to O-RU10B containing the power information received in S205. O-RU10B may use the mapping table received in S202 to determine and execute the received power information and the corresponding operating mode / specific operation. In this case, the determination of the operating mode in S206 may be omitted.

[0074] S208: O-RU10B monitors power consumption / communication quality indicators and sends a message to SMO30A, including the monitored power consumption / communication quality indicators (throughput, SINR (Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio), delay, etc.), in order to report the adjustment results and current operating status.

[0075] S209: SMO30A may readjust the power supply parameters (O1_E1, O1_E2, O1_E3) and mapping table based on the power consumption / communication quality indicators received in S208. For example, if the power consumption in eco mode is higher than expected, SMO30A may update eco mode to save mode in the mapping table.

[0076] (Modification of Example 2) In Example 2, the processing performed by SMO30A may be performed by Non-RT RIC30B or Near-RT RIC30C. Alternatively, instead of SMO30A and Non-RT RIC30B, O-RU10B may perform all processing, including parameter / mapping table determination and updating, by itself.

[0077] (Example Scenario 1 of Example 2) As an example of the scenario of Example 2, when renewable energy is abundant (for example, when the available capacity of renewable energy from solar power generation is 90%), the following process may be performed.

[0078] The SMO30A acquires power information indicating that the power source is renewable energy and that the available capacity is 90%, and transmits this information to the O-RU10B. Based on the mapping table, the O-RU10B sets the operating mode to full power mode, maximizes the transmit power, and activates all carriers. This improves communication quality and user experience.

[0079] (Example Scenario 2 of Example 2) As an example of the scenario of Example 2, when non-renewable energy is insufficient (for example, when the available capacity of non-renewable energy is 40%), the following process may be performed.

[0080] The SMO30A acquires power information indicating that the power source is non-renewable energy and that the available capacity is 40%, and transmits this power information to the O-RU10B. Based on the mapping table, the O-RU10B may set the operating mode to save mode, consider sleep mode, and disable some functions as needed. This makes it possible to reduce energy consumption and avoid service interruptions due to power shortages.

[0081] (Effects) The above-described embodiments and modifications make it possible to dynamically adjust the voltage bias of the power amplifier according to the traffic load, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the wireless unit. This improves the energy efficiency of the entire network and contributes to reducing operating costs (OPEX) and environmental impact. In addition, real-time control by Near-RT RIC30C enables energy savings while maintaining service quality.

[0082] Furthermore, energy management that takes into account the type of power source and available capacity becomes possible, optimizing the energy consumption of wireless units (O-RUs). This contributes to reducing environmental impact by maximizing the use of renewable energy and reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy. In addition, the energy efficiency of the entire network improves, leading to a reduction in operating costs.

[0083] In other words, by the above-described embodiments and modifications, it is possible to reduce energy consumption at base stations in a wireless communication network.

[0084] (Device Configuration) Next, an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 that perform the processing and operations described above will be explained. The base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 include the functions to perform the embodiments described above. However, the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 may each have only some of the functions in the embodiments.

[0085] <Base Station 10 and Network Node 30> Figure 9 shows an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and a network node 30. As shown in Figure 9, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 9 is merely an example. The functional classifications and names of the functional units can be anything as long as they can perform the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention. The network node 30 may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Furthermore, a network node 30 having multiple different functions on the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes 30 separated by function.

[0086] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or other network node 30 and transmitting the signal by wire or wireless. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 or other network node 30 and obtaining information from the received signal, for example, information from a higher layer. A communication unit including the transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may be configured.

[0087] The setting unit 130 stores pre-configured setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads them from the storage device as needed.

[0088] The control unit 140 performs the processing described in the embodiment. The signal transmission function in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and the signal reception function in the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120.

[0089] <Terminal 20> Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20. As shown in Figure 10, terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Figure 10 is merely an example. Any functional classification and functional unit names are acceptable as long as they enable the operation according to the embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, a communication device that acts as a resource holder may have a functional configuration similar to that of terminal 20.

[0090] The transmitting unit 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains signals from higher layers from the received physical layer signals. The receiving unit 220 also has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals or reference signals transmitted from the network node 30. A communication unit including the transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may be configured.

[0091] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the network node 30 by the receiving unit 220 in its storage device and reads it from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores pre-configured setting information.

[0092] The control unit 240 performs the processing described in the embodiment. The signal transmission function in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmission unit 210, and the signal reception function in the control unit 240 may be included in the reception unit 220.

[0093] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (Figures 9 and 10) used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.

[0094] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0095] For example, the network node 30, terminal 20, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 11 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 and terminal 20 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node 30 may have the same hardware configuration as the base station 10. The base station 10 and terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0096] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be read as "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0097] Each function in the base station 10 and terminal 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of data reading and writing in the storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0098] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may consist of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140, control unit 240, etc., described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0099] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in Figure 9 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Also, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in Figure 10 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Although the above-described processes have been explained as being executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may also be transmitted from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0100] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing a communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0101] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital multipurpose disk, a Blu-ray® disk), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may also be a database, server, or other suitable medium that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0102] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the transmitting and receiving antenna, amplifier section, transmitting and receiving section, transmission path interface, etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving section may be implemented in a physically or logically separated manner, with a transmitting section and a receiving section.

[0103] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0104] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0105] Furthermore, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and some or all of each functional block may be realized by such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0106] Figure 12 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 12, vehicle 2001 includes an operating unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0107] The operating unit 2002 consists of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0108] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 installed in the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0109] Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 for sensing motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals acquired by rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals acquired by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals acquired by shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0110] The Information Service Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0111] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0112] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the moving parts 2002, steering parts 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021-29 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0113] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0114] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include the information based on the above input.

[0115] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external device in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the operating unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0116] <Note> (Note 1) A network node comprising: a control unit that sets parameters related to voltage bias adjustment and a mapping table showing the relationship between traffic load, voltage bias level, and power amplifier voltage value; a transmitting unit that transmits the parameters and the mapping table to a base station; and a receiving unit that receives information about traffic load from the base station, wherein the control unit determines the voltage bias level based on the mapping table and the information about traffic load received from the base station, and the transmitting unit transmits the determined voltage bias level to the base station. (Note 2) A base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives from a network node a mapping table showing the relationship between parameters relating to voltage bias adjustment, traffic load, voltage bias level, and voltage value of a power amplifier, wherein the receiving unit further comprises a control unit that receives from the network node a voltage bias level determined based on the mapping table and the traffic load information transmitted to the network node, and adjusts the voltage value of a power amplifier based on the mapping table and the determined voltage bias level. (Note 3) A network node comprising: a control unit that sets parameters relating to a power supply, a mapping table showing the relationship between power supply type, available capacity, and operating mode, a transmission unit that transmits the parameters and the mapping table to the base station, and a receiving unit that receives power supply information relating to power supply type and available capacity from the base station, wherein the control unit determines an operating mode based on the mapping table and the power supply information received from the base station, and the transmission unit transmits the determined operating mode to the base station.(Appendix 4) A base station having a receiving unit that receives from a network node a mapping table showing the relationship between parameters relating to the power supply, power supply type, available capacity, and operating mode, the receiving unit receiving an operating mode determined by the network node, and further having a control unit that performs at least one of the following based on the mapping table and the determined operating mode: adjusting the transmit power, enabling or disabling the carrier, and switching the sleep mode. (Appendix 5) A communication method performed by a network node having the steps of setting parameters relating to voltage bias adjustment, a mapping table showing the relationship between traffic load, voltage bias level, and voltage value of a power amplifier, transmitting the parameters and the mapping table to a base station, receiving information about traffic load from the base station, determining a voltage bias level based on the mapping table and the traffic load information received from the base station, and transmitting the determined voltage bias level to the base station.

[0117] Any of the provisions of Appendix 1 to Appendix 5 can reduce energy consumption at base stations in a wireless communication network.

[0118] (Supplement to Embodiments) Embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, substitutions, etc. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention, and matters described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as they do not contradict each other). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical parts. The operation of multiple functional units may be physically performed by one part, or the operation of one functional unit may be physically performed by multiple parts. The processing procedures described in the embodiments may be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For the convenience of explaining the processing, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be stored in any suitable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or other appropriate storage medium.

[0119] Furthermore, notification of information is not limited to the embodiments / models described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. Also, RRC signaling may be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0120] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure refers to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 may apply to at least one system utilizing UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate systems, and to next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. Alternatively, multiple systems may be applied in combination (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0121] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be reordered, provided they are consistent with each other. For example, the methods described herein present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0122] In this specification, specific operations performed by the base station 10 may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 can be performed by the base station 10 and at least one of the other network nodes (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0123] The information or signals described in this disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). They may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0124] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to other devices.

[0125] The determination in this disclosure may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0126] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0127] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0128] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0129] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0130] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0131] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a given value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0132] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0133] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "base station equipment", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0134] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head (RRH)). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0135] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control or operation based on the information.

[0136] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0137] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0138] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This also includes the case when the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operation commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0139] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, the terminals 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0140] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal described above.

[0141] As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), or ascertaining. “Determining” may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, or accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after some action. Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0142] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variation thereof, mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0143] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0144] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0145] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0146] In the configuration of each of the above devices, "means" may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0147] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0148] In this disclosure, if articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0149] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0150] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during implementation. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (e.g., by not providing such notification).

[0151] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0152] 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 30 Network node 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device

Claims

1. A network node comprising: a control unit that sets parameters related to voltage bias adjustment and a mapping table showing the relationship between traffic load, voltage bias level, and power amplifier voltage value; a transmitting unit that transmits the parameters and the mapping table to a base station; and a receiving unit that receives information about traffic load from the base station, wherein the control unit determines the voltage bias level based on the mapping table and the information about traffic load received from the base station, and the transmitting unit transmits the determined voltage bias level to the base station.

2. A base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives from a network node a mapping table showing the relationship between parameters related to voltage bias adjustment, traffic load, voltage bias level, and power amplifier voltage value; and a transmitting unit that transmits traffic load information to the network node, wherein the receiving unit further comprises a control unit that receives from the network node a voltage bias level determined based on the mapping table and the traffic load information transmitted to the network node, and adjusts the power amplifier voltage value based on the mapping table and the determined voltage bias level.

3. A network node comprising: a control unit that sets up parameters related to the power supply and a mapping table showing the relationship between power supply type, available capacity, and operating mode; a transmission unit that transmits the parameters and the mapping table to a base station; and a receiving unit that receives power supply information regarding power supply type and available capacity from the base station, wherein the control unit determines the operating mode based on the mapping table and the power supply information received from the base station, and the transmission unit transmits the determined operating mode to the base station.

4. A base station having a receiving unit that receives from a network node a mapping table showing the relationship between parameters related to the power supply, the type of power supply, the available capacity, and the operating mode, the receiving unit receiving the operating mode determined by the network node, and further having a control unit that performs at least one of the following based on the mapping table and the determined operating mode: adjusting the transmit power, enabling or disabling the carrier, and switching the sleep mode.

5. A communication method performed by a network node, comprising the steps of: setting parameters relating to voltage bias adjustment and a mapping table showing the relationship between traffic load, voltage bias level, and power amplifier voltage value; transmitting the parameters and the mapping table to a base station; receiving information about traffic load from the base station; determining the voltage bias level based on the mapping table and the traffic load information received from the base station; and transmitting the determined voltage bias level to the base station.

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