Method for producing a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film, and light-guiding object produced thereby

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film (1), for changing a light intensity distribution of a light (L) emitted by an in particular punctiform light source, wherein a light-guiding structure (4) formed with elevations and / or depressions is introduced, preferably impressed, into a light-transmissive, substantially flat, in particular planar, object, preferably a film, in order to change a direction of a light (L) of the light source incident on the light-guiding structure (4). In order to achieve an optimised change in a light intensity distribution, in particular a large glare suppression, a region of the object, in particular of the film, is deformed by forming, in particular thermoforming, to form a cup-shaped light-guiding element (5), wherein a side wall (6) and preferably a bottom wall (7) of the light-guiding element (5) has the light-guiding structure (4). The invention also relates to a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film (1).

Description

[0001] Method for manufacturing a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film, and light-guiding object manufactured therewith

[0002] The invention relates to a method for producing a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film, for changing the light intensity distribution of light emitted by a light source, in particular a point source, wherein a light-guiding structure formed with elevations and / or depressions is introduced, preferably embossed, into a light-transmissive, essentially flat, in particular plate-like, object, preferably a film, in order to change the direction of light from the light source incident on the light-guiding structure.

[0003] The invention further relates to a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film, for changing the light intensity distribution of light emitted by a light source, in particular a point-shaped light source, comprising a light-transmissive essentially flat, in particular plate-like, object, preferably a film, into which a light-guiding structure formed with elevations and / or depressions is introduced, preferably embossed, in order to change the direction of light from the light source incident on the light-guiding structure.

[0004] To improve the light distribution of luminaires, transparent optics are typically positioned in front of the luminaire's light source. As a cost-effective advancement over optics made of polished plastic or glass plates, film-based optics, known as light-directing films, have been developed with an average thickness of less than 1 mm. These films typically feature a light-directing structure with raised and recessed areas embossed into their surface. This structure allows the light to be directed in a specific way, thus improving the light distribution. Generally, the light-directing film is positioned in front of the luminaire's light source to modify the light distribution emitted by the light source.Depending on the shape and / or arrangement of the raised areas and depressions incorporated into the surface of the light-guiding film, often referred to as microprisms, the light intensity distribution can be influenced or modified in various ways. Different shapes and arrangements of raised areas and depressions have been developed, each designed to produce a specific change in the light intensity distribution of light emitted from a light source, thus representing a practical replacement for optics implemented using plastic or glass plates.

[0005] However, when faced with a requirement for high glare reduction or low UGR (Unified Glare Rating) combined with high illuminance efficiency, the use of light-directing films often proves to be insufficiently efficient in terms of targeted light control.

[0006] This is where the invention comes in. The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned above with which a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film, can be produced in a practical manner, which enables an optimized change in the luminous intensity distribution of light emitted by a light source, in particular to enable a high degree of glare reduction and preferably a high efficiency of illuminance.

[0007] Furthermore, it is an objective to specify a light-directing object, in particular a light-directing film, of the type mentioned above, which enables an optimized change in the luminous intensity distribution of light emitted by a light source, in particular to enable a large degree of glare reduction and preferably a high efficiency of illuminance.

[0008] The object is achieved according to the invention in that, in a method for producing a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film of the type mentioned at the outset, an area of ​​the object, in particular the film, is deformed by forming, in particular thermoforming, into a light-guiding element which is cup-shaped, wherein a side wall and preferably a bottom wall of the light-guiding element has the light-guiding structure.

[0009] The background of the invention is the idea of ​​combining the light-guiding structure with an advantageous shape or form of the object, in particular the film, in particular an area of ​​the object which has the light-guiding structure, in order to achieve, as a synergistic effect, an efficient light-guiding capability, in particular a high glare-reducing capability or a low UGR (Unified Glare Rating) with preferably a high efficiency of an illuminance in use.

[0010] It has been shown that a cup-shaped area, wherein one side wall of the cup-shaped area incorporates the light-guiding structure, is particularly suitable for enabling efficient light guidance or modification of the luminous intensity distribution of light emitted by a light source. The cup-shaped area thus constitutes a cup-shaped light-guiding element. In particular, this allows for high glare control of the light-guiding object, especially the light-guiding film, and preferably a high efficiency in achieving a specific illuminance during use. The light-guiding structure is typically incorporated into a surface of the object, especially the area, and is particularly embossed. The area of ​​the object, especially a surface of the area of ​​the object, typically incorporates the light-guiding structure.It is practical to introduce the light-guiding structure into the object, particularly into a specific area of ​​the object, after which this area is deformed, especially into a cup-like shape. This deformation typically occurs by bending the object into the cup-like form. The light-guiding structure can be introduced, particularly embossed, into one or both sides of the object, especially a top and / or bottom surface. This allows for precise adaptation to an application requirement. The sides, especially the top and bottom surfaces, of the object usually refer to the sides of the object's main surfaces.The area is typically deformed such that the side wall and preferably the bottom wall of the light-guiding element have the light-guiding structure, in particular raised areas and / or recesses of the light-guiding structure being arranged on these as part of it. It is preferred if the light-guiding structure is incorporated into a surface of an inner side of the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element. The light-guiding structure can be incorporated into the object accordingly and / or the area of ​​the object can be deformed accordingly by forming. The object is typically plate-like. Preferably, the object is a film. The light-guiding object can be plate-like, and usually the object is plate-like. Preferably, the light-guiding object is a light-guiding film, and usually the object is the film. The forming can be carried out by applying pressure, and in particular heating, to the object, especially to the area of ​​the object.This is typically achieved by pressing the area against a mold component to deform it according to the shape of the mold component. Pressure can be applied by subjecting the object, particularly the area, to a pressure medium, especially a pressure fluid, and / or by applying negative pressure. Heating can be accomplished with a heating device, which may, for example, be a radiant heater. Forming can be carried out with a forming device. The forming device may include the mold component and / or the heating device. It is particularly practical to press the area of ​​the object against the mold component using a mold component, which is typically shaped to match the mold component, to deform the area into a cup shape.The object, or in particular the area of ​​the object, is typically positioned between the die and the die. The die preferably has a negative shape relative to the die, so that the die and / or the die can be positively fitted together to deform the area into a cup shape, in particular corresponding to the negative shape and / or the shape of the die. The die is typically part of the forming device. The die and die are typically movable relative to each other in a controllable manner to press the area against the die. The forming is preferably carried out by thermoforming, often also referred to as deep drawing, of the object. In this process, the object is typically heated and deformed by applying pressure, in particular as described.The cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element is usually formed in such a way that, with respect to the light-guiding object, a top side of the light-guiding object faces the interior of the cup-shaped form and a bottom side of the light-guiding object faces away from the interior.

[0011] In this way, the light-directing object can be used to efficiently modify the light intensity distribution and, in particular, achieve significant glare reduction and preferably a high illuminance efficiency. Specifically, the transformation of the object's area into a cup-shaped light element using thermoforming is quick and easy, allowing for precise shaping. The light-directing film and / or foil typically has an average thickness of less than 1000 µm, particularly less than 900 µm, usually less than 850 µm, for example, approximately 800 µm. For practical use, the light-directing film and / or foil has an average thickness of less than 600 µm, preferably less than 400 µm.This allows for material-reduced and / or cost-reduced production on the one hand, but also for advantageous transmission behavior on the other hand, since light scattering caused by the material of the film can usually be minimized.

[0012] The object is typically deformed by the forming process such that the maximum depth of the light-guiding element, particularly its cup-like shape, is greater than the average thickness of the object, especially in the area of ​​the object before forming. Specifically, the maximum depth of the light-guiding element is greater than twice, preferably three times, and most preferably five times, the average thickness of the object. Typically, the maximum depth of the light-guiding element is less than 20 times the average thickness of the object. This can apply analogously to the maximum depth of the light-guiding element, particularly its cup-like shape, relative to the average thickness of the light-guiding object.The depth of the light-directing element is typically measured between an opening surface and a base surface of the cup-shaped element, usually perpendicular to the opening surface. The cup-shaped element is typically defined by its side wall and, in particular, its base wall. The side wall can be formed by several, especially adjoining, side wall segments. The side wall segments usually surround the interior of the cup-shaped element, particularly in a plane perpendicular to a depth direction of the element. The side wall segments can merge into one another, especially along a circumference around the interior of the cup-shaped element, forming edges or seamlessly. The depth direction is usually oriented perpendicular to the opening surface of the light-directing element.The side wall and / or the bottom wall typically extends from one of the object's main surfaces to the other, in particular from the top to the bottom. As a rule, the side wall and / or the bottom wall has an inner surface facing the interior of the cup-shaped light-guiding element and an outer surface facing away from the interior. The light-guiding structure may be incorporated into the respective inner surface and / or outer surface. Typically, the respective inner and outer surfaces are formed with a different material than the object's surfaces.Any design and / or configuration of the light-directing element described in this document, particularly its geometric features, especially of the side wall, bottom wall, and / or opening, typically refers to the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element. The depth direction, particularly of the light-directing element, described in this document typically refers to the depth direction of the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element.

[0013] For a high degree of dimensional accuracy, it is advantageous if the light-guiding structure, especially the raised areas and / or recesses, is incorporated into the object using an embossing process and / or a laser process.

[0014] The preferred method is embossing. This method allows the light-guiding structure, particularly the raised areas and / or recesses, especially in the micrometer range, to be embossed into the object, particularly its surface, with high accuracy. In the embossing method, the light-guiding structure can be embossed into the object's surface using a rotating embossing roller. An embossing roller is defined as a roller, particularly cylindrical in shape, with a lateral surface into which a profile corresponding to the light-guiding structure to be embossed is incorporated. The embossing roller can be mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation. As the embossing roller, and in particular its lateral surface, rolls across the object's surface, the light-guiding structure corresponding to the profile can be embossed into the object's surface.The embossing process can include heating the object, particularly before and / or during the imprinting of the light-guiding structure into the respective surface. The laser process can include selectively heating the respective surface of the object with a laser to introduce the light-guiding structure into the object's surface. The heating can be combined with the removal of material from the object to form the light-guiding structure. The introduction of the light-guiding structure can occur at least partially before, during, or after the deformation of the area by forming, with the introduction of the light-guiding structure preferably occurring before the deformation of the area by forming.

[0015] Typically, the average height of the light-guiding structure ranges from 10 pm to 500 pm, particularly from 80 pm to 200 pm. Height usually refers to the vertical distance between the highest point of a raised section and the lowest point of a depression in the light-guiding structure, especially one adjacent to the raised section. It is particularly advantageous if the average height is less than 80 pm, especially between 10 pm and 80 pm. Such a structure is barely perceptible to the naked eye. The height, or vertical distance, is usually measured perpendicular to a longitudinal extent and perpendicular to a lateral extent of the object or light-guiding element within a region of the light-guiding structure.

[0016] It is advantageous if the raised areas and / or depressions are spaced apart from one another. This minimizes, and in particular prevents, light wave transmission effects between the raised areas and / or depressions, which can manifest as optically visible light patterns such as light rings or light stripes. An average distance between the raised areas and / or depressions can range from 5 pm to 200 pm, and in particular from 5 pm to 80 pm. The raised areas and / or depressions can be arranged in several rows oriented in one direction, with the rows preferably being parallel to each other. It is expedient to arrange the structural elements of immediately adjacent rows offset from one another in the direction of the arrangement.

[0017] It is advantageous if at least some of the raised areas and / or some of the recesses have a surface segment shaped like a section of an ellipsoid cut off by a plane of intersection. This allows for efficient light guidance, particularly in combination with positioning on the respective wall of the cup-shaped light-guiding element. The surface segment typically appears on one surface of each raised area or recess. It is advantageous if a predominant number, particularly more than 75%, preferably more than 90%, of the raised areas or recesses of the light-guiding element are designed in this way. It has proven effective if the ellipsoid is a rotational ellipsoid. Alternatively, the ellipsoid can be triaxial or a sphere.Depending on the intended use of the light-guiding object, the light-guiding structure can be formed predominantly, or especially primarily, by raised areas or by predominantly, or especially primarily, by recesses. Implementing the light-guiding structure using recesses has proven to be particularly practical.

[0018] The opening surface of the light-guiding element, in particular its cup-like shape, can have a polygonal shape, especially square, rectangular, triangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal, or a cornerless shape, especially circular or elliptical. It is advantageous if the shape of the opening surface extends in the depth direction as a corresponding shape of a cross-sectional area of ​​the light-guiding element, especially its cup-like shape, with respect to the angularity or roundness of the shape, and particularly regardless of the size of the shape, over a predominant depth of the light-guiding element, especially the cup-like shape. This preferably applies to more than 75%, and particularly preferably to more than 90%, of the depth.Typically, the light-guiding element, particularly its cup-like shape, has a decreasing cross-sectional area along the depth direction, starting from the opening surface and extending over a predominant portion of its depth. This preferably applies to more than 75%, and more preferably to more than 90%, of the depth. The depth direction usually refers to the depth of the cup-like shape of the light-guiding element, extending from the opening surface of the cup-like shape towards a bottom surface of the cup-like shape, and is generally oriented orthogonally to the opening surface.

[0019] For significant glare reduction, it is advantageous if, in a first cross-section extending in the depth direction of the light-directing element, the light-directing element has sidewall contours that diverge from each other, at least partially, preferably substantially, towards an opening of the light-directing element. This applies particularly to the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element. Typically, the sidewall contours in the first cross-section are opposite each other with respect to an interior space of the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element and / or separated by a bottom wall contour. Usually, the sidewall contours correspond to the side wall, and in particular to different side wall segments, of the light-directing element. The bottom wall contour usually corresponds to the bottom wall of the light-directing element. The first cross-section can run centrally through the interior space of the cup-shaped form, especially its opening area.The light-guiding element can have one or more sections with diverging sidewall contours along its depth direction. It is advantageous if the light-guiding element has such a section with diverging sidewall contours, wherein the section extends over a predominant portion of the depth of the light-guiding element, particularly the cup-shaped portion. Preferably, this applies to more than 75%, and more preferably to more than 90%, of the depth. Depending on the application, the sidewall contours can be straight or curved, particularly within the respective section.The side wall contours can be, particularly in the respective section, at least partially, and especially predominantly, concave and / or at least partially, and especially predominantly, convex from an interior view of the cup-like shape, with the partially, and especially predominantly, concave design generally being preferred.

[0020] It is advantageous if, in a second cross-section extending in the depth direction of the light-guiding element and oriented perpendicular to the first cross-section, the light-guiding element has side wall contours that diverge from each other, at least partially, preferably substantially, towards an opening of the light-guiding element. This applies particularly to the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element. Typically, the side wall contours in the second cross-section are opposite each other with respect to an interior space of the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element and / or separated by a bottom wall contour. The side wall contours usually correspond to the side wall, and in particular to different side wall segments, of the light-guiding element. The bottom wall contour usually corresponds to the bottom wall of the light-guiding element.The light-guiding element can have one or more sections with diverging sidewall contours along its depth direction. It is advantageous if the light-guiding element has such a section with diverging sidewall contours, wherein the section extends over a predominant portion of the depth of the light-guiding element, particularly its cup-like shape. Preferably, this applies to more than 75%, and more preferably to more than 90%, of the depth. It is practical if the sidewall contours of the section adjoin the opening surface of the light-guiding element. Depending on the application, the sidewall contours can be straight or curved, particularly within the respective section. Specifically, the sidewall contours can be straight or curved, or alternatively, one sidewall contour can be straight and the other curved.The side wall contours, particularly in the respective section, can be at least partially, and especially predominantly, concave and / or at least partially, and especially predominantly, convex when viewed from inside the cup-like shape, with the partially, and especially predominantly, concave design generally being preferred. The side wall contours in the second cross-section can be implemented analogously to the design in the first cross-section. In this way, effects analogous to the aforementioned effects in the design of the side wall contours in the first cross-section can be achieved, which, however, are particularly optimized. The side wall contours in the first and second cross-sections can have the same or, preferably, different shapes. A shape of the side wall or...The side wall contour can be implemented in practice depending on an intended change in the emission characteristics by the light-directing object, in particular by the light-directing element. For example, in the first cross-section and / or the second cross-section, the side wall contours and the bottom wall contour can each form an essentially trapezoidal shape.

[0021] It is advantageous if tangents drawn to the side wall contours in the first cross-section and / or the second cross-section form an angle of 5° to 120°, particularly 10° to 90°, preferably 15° to 90°, particularly preferably 25° to 80°, and most preferably 30° to 70°. The tangents are typically drawn to the side contours at the same depth in the depth direction. This is particularly advantageous, especially within the specified angular ranges, for tangents drawn to the side wall contours in a region of the opening area of ​​the light-guiding element and / or for an opening angle of the opening of the light-guiding element.

[0022] Depending on the intended use, the side wall contours of the light-guiding element in a cross-section extending in the depth direction can be at least partially, preferably substantially, symmetrical or at least partially, preferably substantially, asymmetrical to each other. This can apply in particular with respect to an axis of symmetry running centrally through the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element in the depth direction. Specifically, this can apply to the first cross-section and / or the second cross-section. In particular, this can apply to the respective section in the first cross-section and / or the respective section in the second cross-section. For a uniform change in the emission characteristics during use, the at least partially, preferably substantially, symmetrical implementation is generally preferred.

[0023] It is particularly advantageous if the side wall, especially the side wall segments, of the light-guiding element forms at least partially, preferably substantially, a lateral surface of a truncated pyramid or an ellipsoidal layer, especially a spherical layer. This has proven advantageous in achieving high glare control and a high efficiency of illuminance in practical applications. An ellipsoidal layer, especially a spherical layer, typically refers to a portion of an ellipsoid, especially a sphere, that is cut out by two mutually parallel planes. The ellipsoidal layer can be part of a revolution ellipsoid, a triaxial ellipsoid, or a sphere, and especially can be cut out of one of these.The vertical direction of the truncated pyramid is typically oriented in the depth direction of the cup-shaped element of the light-guiding component, in particular such that the pyramid's lateral faces diverge from each other in the depth direction. A semi-axis of the ellipsoid is also typically oriented in the depth direction of the cup-shaped element of the light-guiding component. The light-guiding component, in particular its cup-shaped form, can have one or more cup segments arranged successively in the depth direction of the light-guiding component, in which the side wall, in particular the side wall segments, of the light-guiding component form a lateral surface of such a truncated pyramid or of such an ellipsoidal layer, in particular a spherical layer.It has proven advantageous if the light-guiding element, particularly its cup-like shape, has such a cup segment, wherein the cup segment extends over a predominant depth of the light-guiding element, particularly the cup-like shape. Preferably, this applies to more than 75%, and particularly preferably more than 90%, of the depth. Specifically, the light-guiding element can have a first cup segment and a second cup segment successively in the depth direction, wherein in one of the cup segments the side wall forms a lateral surface of a truncated pyramid and in the other cup segment the side wall forms a lateral surface of an ellipsoidal layer. This can be implemented as described.

[0024] From an interior perspective, the bottom wall of the light-guiding element can be at least partially, and in particular substantially, concave, at least partially, and in particular substantially, convex, at least partially, and in particular substantially, W-shaped, at least partially, and in particular substantially, M-shaped, or substantially straight, and in particular flat. This bottom wall design can apply analogously to a cross-section extending in the depth direction of the light-guiding element, particularly to the first and / or second cross-section, especially to the bottom wall contour. Depending on the bottom wall's shape, the symmetry of a desired beam pattern can usually be modified with minimal effort.This can apply analogously to the base surface of the light-directing element, particularly its cup-like shape, which typically defines the interior of the light-directing element and is opposite the opening area in relation to the interior. The base surface is usually a surface of the base wall facing the interior. For example, the aforementioned W-shaped or M-shaped base wall, particularly its contour, is advantageous for achieving a so-called batwing light intensity distribution curve or at least a segmentally heart-shaped light intensity distribution curve. The W-shaped and / or M-shaped design can have a central prong, which may be tapered, rounded, or flattened.

[0025] The bottom wall can, at least partially, and preferably substantially, have the shape of a segment of an ellipsoid truncated by a cutting plane, or the shape of a pyramid, or the shape of a cone. It has proven advantageous for the ellipsoid to be a revolution ellipsoid. Alternatively, the ellipsoid can be triaxial or a sphere. The vertical direction of the pyramid or cone can be oriented in the direction of depth or opposite to the direction of depth. The bottom wall and the side wall can merge into one another with one or more edges or continuously. Typically, the bottom wall abuts the side wall in the direction of depth of the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element and closes the cup-shaped form on its underside or at an end opposite the opening surface.

[0026] The object is typically made of, and especially with, a plastic. The plastic can be a polyamide, polyurethane, polyester, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, or an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer. The object is typically light-transmissive, especially transparent or semi-transparent. A suitable plastic used is a commercially available, transparent or semi-transparent, curable plastic, particularly a thermoplastic. The plastic can be curable, for example, by UV radiation, gas contact, and / or a chemical activator. This usually applies analogously to the design of the light-guiding object.

[0027] Typically, the main surfaces of an object and / or its planar extent are defined by its longitudinal and lateral extents. The object's thickness or height is usually perpendicular to both its longitudinal and lateral extents. The thickness or height is typically less than both its length and width. The main surfaces are usually the surfaces of the object into which the light-guiding structure is integrated. The top and bottom surfaces of the object are typically the sides of its main surfaces. This can apply analogously to the light-guiding object itself.

[0028] Typically, the object is deformed into a cup-like shape such that, in the depth direction of the cup-like shape, the distance between an opening surface of the cup-like shape and its lowest point is several times the average thickness of the object in that area. Generally, the forming process for the cup-like shape involves a translational displacement of a central segment of the area relative to a peripheral segment in a direction transverse to the surface extent of the object, particularly the area, under pressure on the peripheral and / or central segment. This displacement typically occurs by a distance that is several times the average thickness of the object in that area.Typically, the object's area, particularly its edge segment and central segment, extends across the entire thickness of the object along a portion of its planar extent before the area is reshaped. The central segment can at least partially form the side wall and, in particular, the bottom wall. The reshaping process typically deforms the object's area into a cup shape, such that the top and bottom surfaces of the object are, or in particular, are, cup-shaped within the area of ​​the object. The cup-shaped form of the area usually corresponds to the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element.

[0029] It is advantageous if several areas of the object are formed, particularly by thermoforming, into a cup-shaped light-guiding element, wherein a side wall and preferably a bottom wall of the respective light-guiding element have the light-guiding structure. This can be implemented for the respective area of ​​the object as described in this document. The respective area of ​​the object and / or the respective light-guiding element can be designed as described in this document. Thus, the light-guiding object can be designed with several cup-shaped light-guiding elements. Several light-guiding structures with raised and recessed areas can be incorporated into the object, in particular embossed. The respective light-guiding structure is typically designed to change the direction of light incident on the respective light-guiding structure from a light source, in particular a lamp.Each of the light-guiding structures can be assigned to one of the areas, in particular incorporated into them, preferably embossed. A side wall and preferably a bottom wall of the respective light-guiding element can have the respective light-guiding structure. The raised areas and / or recesses of the light-guiding structure in the various areas, or the raised areas and / or recesses of different light-guiding structures, can be designed differently or identically. In this way, the luminous intensity distributions of several, in particular point-like, light sources, preferably lamps, can be modified with the light-guiding object, especially to reduce glare from the emitted light of the respective light source.Typically, each light-directing element is assigned its own light source, in particular its own light source, in order to modify the luminous intensity distribution of the light from that light source. The light-directing structure, especially its raised areas and / or depressions, can be selectively incorporated into specific areas of the object, resulting in a cup-like deformation of these areas. Alternatively, the raised areas and / or depressions can be incorporated into the object essentially, and in particular homogeneously or inhomogeneously, over its entire surface. The areas can be spaced apart from each other along the surface of the object. The light-directing elements are usually formed with spacing between them along the surface of the object.The light-guiding elements can be arranged in one or more rows, which may be aligned parallel to each other. It may be advantageous if no raised areas or depressions of the light-guiding structure are incorporated into the object in the space between two of the light-guiding elements. This can apply to a majority, in particular essentially all, of the space between any two light-guiding elements.

[0030] It is advantageous if one or more coatings are applied to the object, particularly to the light-guiding element. The respective coating can be applied to the object, particularly the light-guiding element, in such a way that several non-contiguous coating zones are formed. It is advantageous if, in the thickness direction of the object, the coating and the light-guiding structure of the light-guiding element, in particular the light-guiding structure of the side wall and / or the light-guiding structure of the bottom wall of the light-guiding element, overlap. It is advantageous if, in the thickness direction of the object, a predominant part, in particular essentially the entirety, of the light-guiding structure of the light-guiding element overlaps with the coating. The coating can be applied to a top and / or a bottom surface of the object.The coating can be arranged such that it is located on the same side of the object as the light-guiding structure or on a side of the object opposite the light-guiding structure. In particular, the coating can be applied to the light-guiding structure. Several, in particular a predominant number, preferably all, of the light-guiding elements of the light-guiding object can be coated in this way. The coating can be a lacquer layer. It is advantageous if the coating and / or one of the coatings is at least partially, and in particular predominantly along its main surface area, photoluminescent, especially fluorescent or phosphorescent. The coating can be designed such that a predetermined pattern is formed in a photoluminescent manner. The coating can be a first coating of the coatings.

[0031] It is practical if the coating and / or one of the coatings has a surface structure with a mean roughness Ra, also called mean roughness value, of at least 2 pm, in particular at least 5 pm, preferably at least 15 pm, and most preferably at least 20 pm. The mean roughness can be from 2 pm to 100 pm, in particular from 5 pm to 80 pm, preferably from 15 pm to 65 pm, and most preferably from 20 pm to 50 pm. The coating can be a textured paint.

[0032] Typically, the surface structure causes diffusive light scattering of light incident on the surface structure, particularly light transmitted by the surface structure, where the light is primarily light from the light source. In this way, a combination of changing the luminous intensity distribution with the light-guiding element and light scattering at the surface structure can be achieved. The coating can be designed to form a predetermined pattern with the surface structure. This reduces the potential for glare and / or allows the aesthetic appearance of the light-guiding object, particularly with regard to luminance and / or luminance distribution, to be tailored to a specific application. The coating can be a second layer of coatings.

[0033] It can be advantageous if the coating and / or one of the coatings is designed with sectors of varying transparency. This allows the intensity of the light distribution to be influenced, particularly as it varies across the solid angle. Depending on the requirements, the sectors can be transparent, semi-transparent, or opaque, with a transparent or semi-transparent design being preferred. The opaque sector can be formed with, and in particular made of, a reflective material, for example, a metal layer such as aluminum or silver. The coating can be a third layer of coatings. To reduce unwanted reflections upon light entering the light-guiding object and / or to increase transmission through the light-guiding object, it is advantageous if the coating and / or one of the coatings is an antireflective coating.The antireflective coating can have a refractive index that is lower than that of the object, particularly the film, and higher than that of the surrounding atmosphere, usually air. Preferably, the antireflective coating is formed with several layers with different refractive indices, thereby reducing unwanted reflections over a broad wavelength range and / or a wide angle of incidence of the light. It is advantageous if the antireflective coating is applied to a surface of the object facing the light source. The coating can be a fourth layer of coatings.

[0034] For practical application, it can be advantageous if the coating, or one of the coatings, is at least partially, and preferably predominantly, phototropic. This allows the transmission behavior, in particular the transmittance, of the light-guiding object, especially the coating, to be modified depending on the spectral composition of the light. For this purpose, one or more phototropic substances can be incorporated into the coating.

[0035] For example, the coating can contain indolino-spironaphthoxazines as a phototropic substance, so that when exposed to light in the spectral range of UV, violet, or blue light, the transmission of the coating is reduced. This coating can be a fifth layer of coatings.

[0036] The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth coatings can be formed by the same coating or by different coatings. It is advantageous if at least one or more of these coatings are present, particularly in the form of the same coating or as separate coatings. The respective coating can be a lacquer layer. The coating is usually applied to the object in liquid form and then cured. It is advantageous if the refractive index of the respective coating, especially in its cured state, corresponds substantially to the refractive index of the object, particularly the film. This prevents light refraction at an interface between the object, particularly the film, and the coating.

[0037] The coating is typically transparent or semi-transparent. It may be opaque in certain sections. The coating, particularly the lacquer layer, may be composed of acrylic ester, polyester resin, epoxy resin, or silicone resin. It may also be composed of another transparent or semi-transparent material suitable for this purpose. The coating may advantageously include a curing accelerator. Active curing of the coating is beneficial. Curing by heating and / or ultraviolet radiation is advantageous. A heating device and / or an ultraviolet radiation source may be used for this purpose.

[0038] It is advantageous if the coating, in particular the specific coating, is applied to the object using a printing process. This printing process can be digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, or gravure printing.

[0039] The coating can represent a coating pattern, in particular a printed image. The coating pattern can be produced using a printing process. It has proven advantageous if the coating and the light-guiding structure are arranged in such a way that they overlap, in particular, one on top of the other, such that the coating and / or certain structural elements of the coating pattern are assigned to certain structural elements of the light-guiding structure, so that these are arranged one above the other, in particular, one on top of the other. In particular, the coating can be arranged overlapping, in particular, one on top of the other, only with certain structural elements of the light-guiding structure.

[0040] It can be advantageous if one or more lamination layers and / or one or more coating layers are applied to the object, particularly to the light-directing element. The lamination layer is usually non-transparent. The coating layer is usually transparent or semi-transparent. The lamination layer and / or the coating layer can be a film. The lamination layer and / or the coating layer can be applied to the object, particularly the light-directing element, in the form of several non-connected layers. It is advantageous if, in the thickness direction of the object, the respective lamination layer and / or the respective coating layer overlaps at least partially with the light-directing structure of the light-directing element, particularly the light-directing structure of the side wall and / or the light-directing structure of the bottom wall of the light-directing element.The lamination layer and / or the coating layer can be applied to a top and / or bottom surface of the object. The lamination layer and / or coating layer can be arranged such that it is located on the same side of the object as the light-guiding structure or on a side of the object opposite the light-guiding structure. Several, in particular a predominant number, preferably all, light-guiding elements of the light-guiding object can be designed with such a lamination layer and / or coating layer.

[0041] It is advantageous if a method for manufacturing a lighting device is available, wherein the lighting device includes a light-directing element for modifying the luminous intensity distribution of a light source, and wherein the light-directing element is manufactured as described in this document. The light source can be a lamp of the lighting device. The luminous intensity distribution of the light source, particularly the lamp, can be modified by the light-directing element, especially with improved glare reduction. The light source and the light-directing element can be positioned relative to each other and connected in such a way that light emitted from the light source is transmitted through the light-directing element, particularly from the underside to the top of the light-directing element in the region of the light-directing element.The upper surface of the light-directing object is typically oriented towards the interior of the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element, particularly in the area of ​​the object that forms the light-directing element. The underside of the light-directing object is typically oriented away from the interior and generally towards the light source. It is advantageous if the light source and the light-directing element are positioned relative to each other such that a main emission direction of the light source is essentially parallel to the depth direction of the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element. Preferably, the light emitted in the main emission direction from the light source is emitted along an imaginary emission line, which emission line intersects the bottom wall and / or the opening surface of the light-directing element.The light source and the light-guiding element are typically positioned relative to each other such that, in operation, more than 50%, in particular more than 75%, preferably more than 90% of the luminous flux emitted by the light source strikes the light-guiding element and is preferably transmitted through it. It is advantageous if a portion, in particular more than 3%, preferably more than 5%, in particular more preferably more than 15%, and most preferably more than 25%, of the light emitted by the light source that strikes the light-guiding element is transmitted through the side wall of the light-guiding element. Typically, the light striking the light-guiding element is partially refracted and / or reflected, in particular by total internal reflection, at the side wall, in particular at the light-guiding structure of the side wall, of the light-guiding element towards the opening surface, in order to exit, in particular, from the opening surface.By combining the light-directing structure and the orientation of the side wall, the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element can be assigned reflector-like properties with regard to light direction. In this way, the luminous intensity distribution of the light source can be practically modified, particularly with improved glare reduction.

[0042] Typically, the light source, in particular the lamp, is arranged in the depth direction of the light-guiding element and / or opposite to a main emission direction of the light source behind the light-guiding object, in particular behind the light-guiding element, such that an underside of the light-guiding object facing away from the interior of the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element is oriented towards the light source, in particular the lamp. This applies particularly in the area of ​​the light-guiding object that forms the light-guiding element. It is practical if the light source, in particular the lamp, is arranged behind the light-guiding element in such a way that the light source, in the depth direction of the light-guiding element and / or opposite to the main emission direction of the light source, at least partially, and preferably substantially completely, overlaps the opening surface and / or the bottom wall of the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element.Preferably, the light source overlaps at least partially, and preferably substantially completely, a central region of the opening area and / or a central region of the base area. The objective of the invention is achieved by a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film, of the type mentioned above, if a region of the object, in particular the film, is formed into a cup-shaped light-guiding element, wherein a side wall and preferably a base wall of the light-guiding element have the light-guiding structure. The region of the object, in particular the film, can be formed into the cup-shaped light-guiding element by forming, in particular by thermoforming. The light-guiding object can be manufactured using the method for manufacturing a light-guiding object described in this document.The light-directing object can be designed according to the characteristics and effects described in this document within the context of the method for manufacturing a light-directing object and / or the method for manufacturing a lighting device. This applies analogously to the method for manufacturing a light-directing object and / or the method for manufacturing the lighting device with regard to the light-directing object.

[0043] The side wall and bottom wall of the light-directing element typically refer to the cup-like shape of the light-directing element. The opening area typically refers to the opening of the cup-like shape of the light-directing element. The light-directing object is typically light-transmissive. The light-directing object can be essentially plate-like, in particular a light-directing plate, preferably a light-directing film. The object can be plate-like, in particular a plate, preferably a film.

[0044] The dimensions of the raised areas or recesses of the light-guiding structure are typically larger than the wavelength of the incident light from the light source, particularly the lamp. Advantageously, the luminous intensity distribution of light emitted by the light source, especially the lamp, can be modified by transmitting the light through the light-guiding element. The light is refracted and / or reflected at the raised areas and / or recesses of the light-guiding structure, which are arranged on or incorporated into the light-guiding element, particularly the side wall and especially the bottom wall, in order to alter the luminous intensity distribution. It is advantageous if the raised areas and / or recesses of the light-guiding structure are distributed across a predominant, preferably the entire, extent of the side wall. The raised areas and / or recesses can be arranged homogeneously or inhomogeneously.It has proven effective to arrange raised and / or recessed areas of the light-guiding structure on two side wall segments of the side wall that are opposite each other with respect to the interior of the cup-shaped light-guiding element. Raised and / or recessed areas of the light-guiding structure can be distributed around the entire interior of the cup-shaped light-guiding element. The raised and recessed areas can be incorporated into the light-guiding object, in particular by embossing, especially using an embossing process and / or a laser process, particularly as described in this document.

[0045] It is advantageous to have a lighting device, wherein the lighting device comprises a light-directing element, in particular a light-directing film, for modifying the luminous intensity distribution of a light source, and wherein the light-directing element, in particular the light-directing film, is designed as described in this document. In this way, an efficient modification of the luminous intensity distribution of the light emitted by the light source can be achieved, particularly with a reduction in glare, and preferably with a high efficiency of light deflection by the light-directing element. The light source can be a lamp, in particular an LED, of the lighting device. The lighting device can have a holding device with which the light-directing element is held relative to the light source, in particular relative to the lamp.Typically, the light source, in particular the light-emitting element, is arranged in the depth direction of the light-guiding element, in particular its cup-like shape, and / or against a main emission direction of the light source behind the light-guiding object, in particular behind the light-guiding element, so that an underside of the light-guiding object facing away from the interior of the cup-like shape of the light-guiding element is facing the light source, in particular the light-emitting element.

[0046] The lighting device can be a luminaire, in particular a linear luminaire. The lighting device can be manufactured using the method for manufacturing a lighting device described in this document. The lighting device can be designed according to the features described in this document within the context of the method for manufacturing a light-directing object and / or the method for manufacturing a lighting device. This applies analogously to the method for manufacturing a light-directing object and / or the method for manufacturing a lighting device with regard to the lighting device. The interior of the cup-shaped form is usually located on the top side of the light-directing object. The light source is usually located on the underside of the light-directing object, generally spaced apart from it.

[0047] It has proven advantageous if the average diameter of an opening surface of the light-directing element, particularly its cup-shaped opening, is greater than 1 mm, particularly greater than 2 mm, preferably greater than 3 mm, and particularly preferably greater than 5 mm. The average diameter of the opening surface is typically less than 20 mm. Generally, the average diameter of the opening surface is from 1 mm to 20 mm, particularly from 3 mm to 15 mm, and preferably from 5 mm to 10 mm. The average diameter of a base surface of the light-directing element, particularly its cup-shaped opening, is typically less than 90%, particularly less than 75%, specifically less than 50%, and in particularly specific cases less than 25%, of the average diameter of the opening surface. The diameter of the base surface is typically measured perpendicular to the depth direction of the light-directing element.The average diameter of the base area can be greater than 10% of the average diameter of the opening area.

[0048] The maximum depth of the light-directing element, particularly its cup-like shape, can be greater than 1 mm, especially greater than 2 mm, and specifically greater than 3 mm. The maximum depth of the light-directing element is usually less than 10 mm. Typically, the maximum depth of the light-directing element is between 1 mm and 10 mm, and more specifically between 1 mm and 5 mm.

[0049] An average distance between the light source and the light-directing element is typically less than 20 mm, with a distance of 5 mm or less proving particularly advantageous. The average distance usually refers to the distance between the emission surface of the light source and an outer surface of the light-directing element facing the light source, especially the base wall, averaging the distances along the emission surface of the light source. The distance is generally measured against the direction of the light-directing element's depth, particularly its cup-like shape. The distance can range from 0 mm to 20 mm, specifically from 0.2 mm to 10 mm, and in particular from 0.3 mm to 5 mm.It has proven particularly practical if the average diameter of an opening surface of the light-guiding element, especially its cup-like shape, is greater than 2 mm and / or the average distance between the light source and the light-guiding element is between 0.2 mm and 5 mm.

[0050] It is advantageous if the lighting device has several light sources, preferably arranged in series, and the light-directing object has several light-directing elements, with each light source being assigned to one of the light-directing elements in order to modify the luminous intensity distribution of the light emitted by the respective light source in operation. The respective light source and / or the respective light-directing element can be implemented, and in particular manufactured, as described in this document. The respective light source can be arranged relative to the respective light-directing element as described in this document, in particular in the depth direction and / or opposite to a main emission direction of the respective light source behind the respective light-directing element.

[0051] The light-directing object can have a flat or curved overall extent in both a longitudinal and a lateral direction. The light-directing elements can be local deformations of the overall extent of the light-directing object. The light sources can be arranged in an imaginary mounting surface, which is shaped corresponding to the overall extent, in the depth direction of the light-directing elements and / or in a direction opposite to a main emission direction of the light elements behind the light-directing object, in particular behind the respective light-directing element of the light-directing object. The mounting surface can be a plane. The respective light source is usually covered by the light-directing object, in particular by the respective light-directing element. The light sources are usually arranged at a distance from one another. The light source described in this document can be the light source described in this document.The light source is typically an LED. The arrangement and / or positioning of the light source, particularly relative to the light-directing object, especially the light-directing element, usually relates to an emission surface of the light source in order to modify the luminous intensity of the light emitted by the emission surface in conjunction with the light-directing object, especially the light-directing element. This can be achieved and / or implemented as described in this document. The light-directing structure, especially its raised areas and / or recesses, is typically designed to change the direction of the light incident on it by refraction and / or reflection. This applies particularly to the raised areas and / or recesses located on the side wall. It is advantageous if the light reflection occurs under total internal reflection of the light incident on the raised areas and / or recesses of the side wall.The term "light" is used synonymously with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that lies within the visible spectrum, the ultraviolet (UV) range, or the infrared (IR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light source can be, for example, a light source, particularly the light source of a lighting device, or the sun. The light source can consist of one or more LEDs, for example.

[0052] Further features, advantages, and effects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment. The drawings referred to therein show:

[0053] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a lighting device with a light source and a light-guiding film, comprising a cup-shaped light-guiding element, in a cross-section;

[0054] Fig. 2 shows a graphical representation of an average illuminance in a main illumination area and in a lateral area of ​​an illuminated measuring plane for the illumination device with light-guiding film compared to the illumination device without light-guiding film as a function of a distance between the light source and the light-guiding film; Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary light-guiding film produced for investigation purposes with different types of cup-shaped light-guiding elements, wherein a series of several light-guiding elements is formed for each type of light-guiding element.

[0055] Figure 1 schematically depicts a lighting device 3 comprising a light source 2, typically an LED, and a light-guiding element designed as a light-guiding film 1 for modifying the luminous intensity distribution of light L emitted by the light source 2 in a cross-section oriented orthogonally to the light-guiding film 1. A light-guiding structure 4, formed by raised areas and / or recesses, is incorporated into a surface, particularly a top surface, of a film forming the light-guiding film 1. This structure is designed to change the direction of light L emitted by the light source 2 by means of light refraction and / or reflection at the light-guiding structure 4. A region of the film containing the light-guiding structure 4 is deformed into a light-guiding element 5 with a cup-like shape, wherein a side wall 6 and typically a bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5 have raised areas and / or recesses of the light-guiding structure 4.The upper surface of the light-guiding film 1 faces an interior 18 of the cup-shaped form, while the lower surface of the light-guiding film 1 faces away from the interior 18. The light-guiding structure 4 is typically introduced into the film using an embossing process, usually with an embossing roller, or a laser process. The deformation of the film area into a cup-shaped light-guiding element 5 can be achieved efficiently by forming, particularly thermoforming. For efficient light guidance, it is preferred that the raised or recessed areas of the light-guiding structure 4 have a surface segment shaped like a segment of an ellipsoid cut off by a cutting plane.

[0056] The light-directing film 1 typically has an average thickness of less than 1 mm. The light-directing structure 4, in particular the raised areas and / or depressions, typically has an average height perpendicular to the film's planar extent of less than 500 pm. The opening area of ​​an opening 8 of the light-directing element 5, in particular its cup-shaped opening, typically has an average diameter of 1 mm to 20 mm. The average base diameter of the light-directing element 5, in particular its cup-shaped opening, is typically less than 90% of the average diameter of the opening area.

[0057] The light-guiding element 5 has, in cross-section extending in the depth direction T of the light-guiding element 5, side wall contours 9 of the side wall 6 of the light-guiding element 5 that diverge towards an opening 8 of the light-guiding element 5. The side wall contours 9 are each straight. A bottom wall contour 12 of a bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5 is planar in the first cross-section. In this way, a trapezoidal shape of the light-guiding element 5 is implemented in cross-section. It is advantageous if this applies analogously to a further cross-section extending in the depth direction T of the light-guiding element 5 and oriented perpendicular to the cross-section. The side wall contours 9 can alternatively be concave or convex, at least in sections.Depending on the intended use, the side wall contours 9 can be symmetrical or asymmetrical in cross-section with respect to an axis of symmetry S running in the depth direction T through the center of an opening diameter of the opening 8. The depth direction T is usually oriented orthogonally to the opening area or the opening diameter. Depending on the design of the side wall 6 or side wall contours 9, the glare control capability of the light-directing film 1, in particular the light-directing element 5, can be practically adapted. The bottom wall contour 12 can alternatively be concave or convex, at least in sections. In this way, the shape of the light intensity distribution, particularly in a main emission area of ​​the lighting device, can be adapted depending on the intended use.

[0058] In the lighting device 3, the light source 2 is arranged in the depth direction and / or opposite to a main emission direction of the light source behind the light-directing element 5, usually behind the bottom wall 7, such that, with respect to the interior 18 of the cup-shaped form of the light-directing element 5, the opening 8 of the cup-shaped form faces away from the light source 2 and the bottom wall 7 faces towards the light source 2 in order to transmit the light L emitted by the light source 2 through the light-directing element 5 in order to change the luminous intensity distribution of the light L. A light-emitting surface of the light source 2, which emits the light L of the light source 2, is usually facing the bottom wall 7. A portion of the light L emitted by the light source 2 is usually deflected by refraction and / or reflection, in particular total internal reflection, at the elevations and depressions of the light-directing structure 4 arranged on the side wall 6.In cross-section, the light source 2 is typically arranged orthogonally to the depth direction T of the light-guiding element 5 such that the light source 2 overlaps the opening 8 and / or the bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5 opposite to the depth direction T. Preferably, the light source 2 overlaps a central region of the opening 8 and / or a central region of the bottom wall 7. This cross-sectional configuration preferably applies analogously in a further cross-section oriented perpendicular to the cross-section.

[0059] An average distance d between the light source 2 and the light-directing element 5 is typically less than 20 mm, with a distance d less than or equal to 5 mm proving particularly advantageous. The average distance d usually refers to a distance d between the emission surface of the light source 2 and an outer surface of the base wall 7 of the light-directing element 5 facing the light source 2, measured against the depth direction T.

[0060] In an analogous manner with analogous implementation, the light-guiding object can be implemented as a plate-shaped light-guiding object instead of the light-guiding film 1 and as a plate-shaped object instead of the film.

[0061] Figure 2 shows, by way of example, a graphic representation of the average illuminance E in lux (Ix) in a main illumination area and in a lateral area of ​​a measuring plane illuminated by the lighting device 3, for the lighting device 3 of Figure 1. This is shown for the lighting device 3 with a light-guiding film 1 arranged in front of the light source 2 and for the lighting device 3 without a light-guiding film 1 arranged in front of the light source 2. The main illumination area is a region that is primarily illuminated by the lighting device 3. The lateral area corresponds to a region where glare reduction is typically desired. The graphic representation shows the illuminances for different distances d in mm between the light source 2 and the light-guiding film 1.In the graphic representation, for the lighting device 3 with light-directing film 1 in front of the light source 2, the solid line 13 represents the illuminance in the main illumination area and the dashed line 14 the illuminance in the lateral area. For the lighting device 3 without light-directing film 1 in front of the light source 2, the dashed line 15 represents the illuminance in the main illumination area and the double-dotted line 16 the illuminance in the lateral area. The graphic representation shows that the light-directing element 5 arranged in front of the light source 2 significantly increases the illuminance in the main illumination area and significantly reduces the illuminance in the lateral area.

[0062] Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a light-guiding film 1 produced for investigation purposes, with different types of cup-shaped light-guiding elements 5. For each type of light-guiding element 5, a series of several light-guiding elements 5 is formed. The light-guiding elements 5 are implemented analogously to the light-guiding element 5 described in Figure 1. For each type of light-guiding element 5, an enlarged, top-view representation of that type is shown next to the light-guiding film 1 of the respective series for better illustration. Each light-guiding element 5 in the series has a side wall 6 which has an increasing rectangular cross-sectional area opposite to the depth direction T of the light-guiding element 5.The side wall 6 is formed by several adjoining side wall segments 17, which completely surround an interior space 18 of the cup-like shape. The side wall segments 17 are preferably flat, but can also be curved. The side wall 6 adjoins a bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5, which, with respect to the interior space 18 of the cup-like shape, is opposite an opening 8 of the light-guiding element 5 and forms the lower boundary of the interior space 18. The respective light-guiding element 5 of the first row has, in plan view, a square opening area perimeter and a square bottom wall perimeter. The bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5 of the first row is flat. The respective light-guiding element 5 of the second row has, in plan view, a square opening area perimeter and a square bottom wall perimeter.The bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5 of the second row is partially concave and partially convex with respect to an interior space 18 of the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element 5. The respective light-guiding element 5 of the third row has, in plan view, a rectangular opening area perimeter and a square bottom wall perimeter, with the center of the opening area perimeter and the center of the bottom wall perimeter being eccentric to each other. The bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5 of the third row is planar. The respective light-guiding element 5 of the fourth row has, in plan view, a square opening area perimeter and a square bottom wall perimeter. The bottom wall 7 of the light-guiding element 5 of the fourth row is partially concave with respect to an interior space 18 of the cup-shaped form of the light-guiding element 5.The respective light-directing element 5 of the fifth row has a square opening area perimeter and a square base wall perimeter in plan view. The base wall 7 of the light-directing element 5 of the sixth row is pyramidal, with one lateral surface of the pyramid widening towards the opening area of ​​the light-directing element 5. The respective light-directing element 5 of the sixth row has a rectangular opening area perimeter and a rectangular base wall perimeter in plan view. The base wall 7 of the light-directing element 5 of the sixth row is flat. The respective light-directing element 5 of the seventh row has a square opening area perimeter and a square base wall perimeter in plan view. The base wall 7 of the light-directing element 5 of the sixth row is flat.

[0063] In this way, by combining the light-guiding structure 4 with a cup-shaped area of ​​the light-guiding film 1, which area has the light-guiding structure 4, an efficient light-guiding capability, in particular a high glare reduction capability or a low UGR (Unified Glare Rating) at a high efficiency of an illuminance in use, can be achieved as a synergistic effect in a light-guiding film 1, which has an efficient light-guiding capability, in particular a high glare reduction capability or a low UGR (Unified Glare Rating) at a high efficiency of an illuminance in use.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Method for producing a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film (1), for changing the light intensity distribution of light (L) emitted by a light source, in particular a point source, wherein a light-guiding structure (4) formed with elevations and / or depressions is introduced, preferably embossed, into a light-transmissive, essentially flat, in particular plate-like, object, preferably a film, in order to change the direction of light (L) from the light source incident on the light-guiding structure (4), characterized in that an area of ​​the object, in particular the film, is deformed by forming, in particular thermoforming, into a light-guiding element (5) which is cup-shaped, wherein a side wall (6) and preferably a bottom wall (7) of the light-guiding element (5) has the light-guiding structure (4).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the light guiding structure (4) is introduced into the object, in particular the film, using an embossing process and / or a laser process.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the average height of the light-guiding structure (4) is from 10 pm to 500 pm, in particular from 80 pm to 200 pm.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an average distance (d) between the elevations and / or depressions is from 5 pm to 200 pm, in particular from 5 pm to 80 pm.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least a part of the elevations and / or a part of the depressions has a surface segment with a shape of a portion of an ellipsoid cut off by a cutting plane.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in a first cross-section extending in the depth direction (T) of the light guiding element (5), and preferably in a second cross-section oriented perpendicular to the first cross-section, the light guiding element (5) has side wall contours (9) diverging towards an opening (8) of the light guiding element (5) at least sectionally, preferably substantially, wherein the side wall contours (9) are preferably each straight or curved.

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in a cross-section extending in the depth direction (T) of the light guiding element (5) the side wall contours (9) of the light guiding element (5) are at least sectionally symmetrical or at least sectionally asymmetrical to each other.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the side wall (6) of the light guiding element (5) forms at least section by a lateral surface of a truncated pyramid or an ellipsoidal layer, in particular a spherical layer.

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a bottom wall (7) of the light guiding element (5) is formed at least partially concave, at least partially convex, at least partially W-shaped, at least partially M-shaped, or essentially straight from an interior view of the cup-like shape of the light guiding element (5).

10. Method for manufacturing a lighting device (3), wherein the lighting device (3) comprises a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film (1), for changing a luminous intensity distribution of a light source, characterized in that the light-guiding object, in particular the light-guiding film (1), is manufactured using a method according to one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the lighting device (3) has a light source (2) as a light source, wherein the light source (2) and the light-guiding element (5) are positioned relative to each other and connected in such a way that, in operation, light (L) emitted by the light source (2) is transmitted through the light-guiding element (5) in order to change a luminous intensity distribution of the light (L). 12.Light-guiding object, in particular light-guiding film (1), which is produced in particular by a method according to one of claims 1 to 9, for changing a luminous intensity distribution of light (L) emitted by a, in particular point-shaped, light source, comprising a light-transmissive essentially planar, in particular plate-like, object, preferably a film, into which a light-guiding structure (4) formed with elevations and / or depressions is introduced, preferably embossed, in order to change a direction of a light (L) of the light source incident on the light-guiding structure (4), characterized in that a region of the object, in particular of the film, is deformed, preferably by thermoforming, into a light-guiding element (5) which is cup-shaped, wherein a side wall (6) and preferably a bottom wall (7) of the light-guiding element (5) comprises the light-guiding structure (4).

13. Lighting device (3), wherein the lighting device (3) comprises a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film (1), for changing a luminous intensity distribution of a light source, characterized in that the light-guiding object, in particular the light-guiding film (1), is a light-guiding object, in particular a light-guiding film (1), according to claim 12.

14. Lighting device (3) according to claim 13, characterized in that an average diameter of an opening surface of the light-guiding element (5) is greater than 1 mm, preferably from 5 mm to 10 mm, and / or an average distance (d) between the light source (2) and the light-guiding element (5) is less than 20 mm, in particular from 0.2 mm to 5 mm.

15. Lighting device (3) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the lighting device (3) comprises several, preferably arranged in series, light sources (2) and the light-guiding object, in particular the light-guiding film (1), several light-guiding elements (5), wherein each of the light-guiding elements (5) is assigned a light source (2) in order to change the luminous intensity distribution of a light (L) emitted by the respective light source (2) with the respective light-guiding element (5) in use.

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