System, method and devices for the optimised formation, utilisation and maintenance of artificial ice reserves

Abstract

The present invention relates to an effective solution for water resource management in mountainous ecosystems, ensuring wider access to water and improving the ecosystem. The system uses advanced technologies to optimise the ice-forming process and the storage of meltwater. In addition, the proposed invention also comprises a forecasting model for forecasting the impact of these artificial ice reserves on specific locations, including certain indicators, such as the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), which enable the impact of said reserves to be quantified in terms of quantity and quality of vegetation, at each of the specified locations, taking into account the variability of different atmospheric conditions at those locations, as well as including a system for the real-time tracking and monitoring of the process and the quantity of water resources captured or recovered by means of the proposed invention.

Description

[0001] SYSTEM, METHOD AND DEVICES FOR OPTIMIZED FORMATION, USE AND MAINTENANCE OF Artificial Ice Reserves

[0002] Technical Field:

[0003] The present invention relates to the optimized management of water resources in mountain ecosystems, specifically to a system for the formation, utilization and optimized maintenance of meltwater storage to extend access to water and improve the ecosystem by creating ice structures or “artificial ice reserves”.

[0004] Background of the Invention

[0005] A glacier is an accumulation of ice and snow that flows slowly across the land. At higher altitudes, more snow typically falls than melts, increasing its mass. Over time, the excess ice begins to flow downslope. At lower altitudes, melting usually occurs more rapidly, or icebergs calve off, removing mass of ice.

[0006] In particular, a mountain glacier is a mass of terrestrial ice that flows downhill, enclosed by surrounding topographic features such as valley slopes or adjacent peaks; the bedrock topography is the factor that exerts the greatest influence on the dynamics of a glacier and the slope of its surface, and is an element that subsists thanks to the accumulation of snow at high altitude, which is compensated by the melting of ice at low altitude or by discharge from the sea.

[0007] Mountain glaciers are important reservoirs of freshwater and act as key indicators of climate change. As the climate warms, many mountain glaciers worldwide are retreating, which has significant impacts on the water resources available to ecosystems and human communities.

[0008] Mountainous regions often face water scarcity during dry periods and snowmelt. Existing water resource management methods are not always effective under adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds and heavy snowfall. Our system aims to address these problems by optimizing the ice formation process and the storage of meltwater.

[0009] In recent times, various technologies have begun to be developed in order to accumulate or maintain the accumulation of ice (water / ice) in high mountain areas, such as in application CL201503165, a protection system over the ablation zone of a glacier and the associated installation procedure are described, the system comprises at least a plurality of modular units, each composed of a folded mesh; at least one geotextile placed over the respective modular unit with a portion protruding from the surface of the modular unit and attached to each modular unit by means of mechanical connectors, and a plurality of anchoring means, for anchoring the geotextile and each modular unit to the surface.

[0010] In CL200901695, a process of collecting and distributing ice from glaciers for human consumption is referred to, comprising the stages of collecting icebergs, analyzing said icebergs, sizing, loading and transporting, storing, sizing again, packaging and distributing.

[0011] WO2011135394A1 describes a process for the preservation and restoration of mountain glaciers. This process involves significantly increasing the albedo of unprotected rocky areas and other potential heat-retention areas. To achieve this, the proposal is to identify exposed, snow-free areas in the mountains and then cover them with materials such as reflective white paint, dry ice, and artificial snow. Restoring mountain glaciers will also replenish freshwater reserves in solid form, ensuring the future availability and growth of biomass. Furthermore, hydropower production can increase because these reserves are located at a higher altitude than any dam.

[0012] Also, in PE20201493Z, a glacial ice nucleating reflective geostructure is described, comprising a geostructure composed of two structural units that are two types of prisms, where the hollow nucleating prism has a right hexagonal prism, formed by two parallel hexagonal bases that are joined with six rectangular faces perpendicular to the bases, this being an empty and hollow framework, with empty and hollow faces and bases, formed only by edges; and the laminated nucleating prism has a structure equal to that of the hollow nucleating prism, with the difference that the laminated nucleating prism has a laminated, non-hollow face in the top view parallel to the ground plane, both structures arranged alternately in rows and columns of indefinite number in a block-like manner, preferably white in color and preferably made of polyethylene plastic material.

[0013] However, none of the technologies described above allow for the efficient and traceable recovery of glacial ice or the collection of ice in high mountain areas, including the prediction of the amount of water to be accumulated, depending on environmental conditions and the specific location of the ice collection or harvesting. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The present invention provides an effective solution for water resource management in mountain ecosystems, ensuring extended access to water and ecosystem improvement. The system utilizes advanced technologies to optimize the ice formation process and the storage of meltwater.Additionally, the proposed invention also includes a time-projection model regarding the impact that these artificial ice reserves would generate in specific locations, including certain indicators, such as the "Normalized Difference Vegetation Index" or NDVI, which allow quantifying the impact of said reserves, in terms of the quantity and quality of vegetation, in each of the determined locations, considering the variability of the different atmospheric conditions in said locations, including a traceability and real-time monitoring system of the process and the quantity of water resources captured or recovered through the proposed invention. Detailed Description of the Invention.

[0015] The proposed invention comprises a system, method, and devices for the optimized formation, utilization, and maintenance of artificial ice reserves using AI, including control systems and data acquisition devices to optimize the rate of ice formation while preventing water from freezing inside the system's pipes, thus enabling: Extending access to water by storing meltwater for use during dry periods; Improving the ecosystem by creating and maintaining ice structures for a stable water supply; and Optimizing ice reserve location and creation processes by using data for precise management and increasing system efficiency.where the system also includes the use of drones and cameras to evaluate the volume of artificial ice reserves through the following stages: a) information collection, b) information transmission, c) information analysis and d) optimization of the ice reserve formation process using AI, where the collected data includes:;

[0016] i. Sprayed Water Parameters: Measurements of pressure, temperature and volume of the sprayed water.

[0017] ii. Local Meteorological Parameters: Temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction.

[0018] iii. Image Sequences of Artificial Ice Reserves: Photos and videos to monitor the condition and volume of the ice.

[0019] The system of the invention also comprises the following devices and / or components: 1. Solar Panels: The system includes solar panels to provide power to the monitoring sensors and data transmission equipment; however, in conditions of heavy snowfall and winds, the panels are insufficient, so we are supplementing them with mini-turbines.

[0020] 2. Satellite Internet: Provides real-time online monitoring of the system.

[0021] 3. IoT Devices: They record and transmit sensor measurements to the cloud platform.

[0022] 4. Cloud Platform: Processes data flows and makes them available for use in university data science courses to develop machine learning, deep learning and AI training models.

[0023] In one embodiment of the invention, it comprises several integrated systems for the operation and optimization in the creation of ice reserves, such as: the transport system, which includes pipes, at least one triple valve and eventually, structures for the microstructuring or ordering of the water, to facilitate the freezing structures, as well as to avoid and / or reduce the possibility of freezing of the water inside the pipes; where in addition, the metal of the valve itself comprises a key element to activate / deactivate the valve by expansion / contraction of the material.The sprinkler system, which includes piping and sprinklers, allows for regulating the water droplet size according to requirements and environmental conditions, as the water's structure also influences the speed and effectiveness of freezing in the reservoir. The cooling system determines the droplet type (a key factor for successful ice formation), which is relevant to the sprinkler system. Prior to this, a supporting structure for the first layer of ice and its height (initial support system) is needed (FIGURE 4 and 17). This structure must be modular. Additionally, there is an automated system that makes decisions based on information and a database to prevent water freezing and thus promote ice formation under the necessary environmental conditions and in the required geographic locations.

[0024] The invention also comprises a method or algorithm that allows the development of a model for determining potential future locations of ice reserves (algorithm for identifying optimal positions for the development of ice reserves).

[0025] This algorithm for identifying optimal positions for the development of ice reserves is based on various data sources, which include meteorological data (temperature, used to determine potential ice generation times, incident radiation, which is used to determine melt rates), topographic data (digital elevation model, which is used to calculate avalanche risk and shadow exposure), access maps (routes), channel maps and water availability in those channels (which determines the possibility of making an ice reserve).

[0026] These maps are combined into different indices, which in turn are used to determine a binary map of ice reserve development potential. This algorithm is detailed in Figures 1 to 3.

[0027] EXAMPLE 1. Example of the Operating Method of the System of the invention:

[0028] 1. Data Collection: IoT devices collect data on water parameters and weather conditions, as well as images of artificial ice reserves.

[0029] 2. Data Transmission: Data is transmitted to the cloud platform via satellite internet.

[0030] 3. Data Analysis: The cloud platform processes the data, which is then used for analysis and process optimization.

[0031] 4. AI Application: The developed machine learning, deep learning, and AI training models are used to predict and manage ice formation processes.

[0032] EXAMPLE 2. The proposed invention, as an evolution of the original method of controlling the operation of Ice Stupas.

[0033] 1. In India, the pipes of the artificial ice reservoirs are operated manually by people who live in the area. Every day they disconnect and reconnect the pipes to avoid spraying water during the day and to protect them from freezing.

[0034] 2. In Chile, in 2021 and 2022, artificial ice reserves were continuously sprayed with water throughout the winter season. The negative effect occurs when the ice surface is exposed to solar radiation, and the sprayed water cannot freeze, thus accelerating melting.

[0035] 3. In January (towards the end of the month) of 2024, the first generation of the automation system made in Chile was tested in India. The system was developed in Chile and includes software features such as protection against pipe freezing with a low-temperature threshold, protection against valve damage, and a user interface.

[0036] 4. In August-September 2024, three second-version automation systems were integrated on-site, along with five IoT data logging devices. This approach has led to greater efficiency in water freezing, based on collected data representing air and water temperature, flow, pressure, and camera images showing ice volume accumulation.

[0037] 5. Ongoing research and modeling allows for increased accuracy of predictions and the determination of the possibility of water freezing under current weather conditions in real time.

[0038] EXAMPLE 3. Example of operation of the proposed invention.

[0039] Ice reserve operating system that prevents pipes from freezing, and allows maximizing the freezing rate of the reserve, additionally extending the melting time.

[0040] We use an automated process management system to achieve a 0% freezing rate in the pipelines. This system is based on climatic and physical data from the system, measured by various installed sensors and cameras. It self-adjusts locally to maintain a constant flow. Through satellite communication, we send the data to the cloud, process it, and generate dynamic recommendations for ice storage operation—based on the ice storage volume. We then transmit the data to Databricks to generate the respective data visualizations, dashboards, etc.

[0041] The proposed invention features sensors installed in the water conveyance system that measure flow, pressure, and temperature. It also includes a weather station that measures temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and other key factors. These sensors are connected to a cloud-based storage and processing infrastructure, including buckets on AWS, before the data is transferred to Databricks (an interactive and collaborative cloud platform used for data processing, analysis, and transformation, facilitating the design of complex machine learning models). The data is automatically transmitted via Wi-Fi connectivity (on-site Starlink). This data flow enables real-time analysis and the generation of predictive models based on machine learning. The system's workflow begins with data collection and preprocessing.The data will be cleaned to remove outliers, normalized to facilitate analysis, and segmented into training and test sets. The AI ​​models will be validated using metrics such as RMSE and MAE to ensure their accuracy. Subsequently, these models will be deployed in the system infrastructure, where they will be integrated with the controllers and weather stations. This system is adaptable to seasonal and environmental changes. In technical terms, the system design is scalable, allowing for the integration of new sensors and its implementation in various geographical locations. Data security is ensured through advanced encryption during transmission and storage. EXAMPLE 4. Application Examples of the Proposed Invention.

[0042] 1. Recovery systems for high Andean ecosystems in mountainous regions:

[0043] Use of the ice reserve generation system in areas adjacent to high Andean wetlands, for example, where we generate ice reserves during the winter, to extend irrigation during the time of scarcity.

[0044] 2. Aquifer recharge and replenishment system, returning water from nature.

[0045] The system operates in two phases: warm season and cold season. During the warm season, the system redirects water to an infiltration zone. In this flat area, the water is distributed, facilitating infiltration into the aquifer. Recharge during this season comes from the infiltration of water into the mountain aquifers. The system's layout during the warm season is shown in the following figure.

[0046] 3. Use of ice reserves in the community: Another application is related to the use of water stored in ice reserves, which can be used by high Andean communities for their economic activities, animal fodder, agriculture, and human consumption.

[0047] 4. Native Forest Protection System.

[0048] Problem: The Araucaria araucana, an ancient tree and natural monument of Chile, faces a growing threat: forest fires that are advancing with increasing frequency and intensity due to climate change. Traditional firebreak methods require clearing vegetation, disrupting the very ecosystem they are trying to protect.

[0049] Solution: ARAUCARIA SHIELD

[0050] A passive system of perimeter ice barriers that accumulate water in winter and release it in a controlled manner in summer, creating natural wet strips that stop the advance of fire (FIGURE 10A to 10C).

[0051] HOW IT WORKS (seasonal reference, southern hemisphere)

[0052] E&taclón Process Result

[0053]

[0054] 1 nv iem o ( May-Sep ) NILUS devices accumulate ice. Reserve of 500-2,000 m³ per unit using spring water

[0055] Spring (Oct- Gradual thaw begins. Soil becomes saturated with moisture)

[0056] Wet strip of 20-50m Summer (Dec-Mar) Controlled water release

[0057] wide

[0058] Dtwo (Abd System at rest Green vegetation persists)

[0059]

[0060] TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

[0061] For every 100 linear meters of perimeter: 2-3 ice accumulation devices 8-12m high.

[0062] Ice volume: 1,500-3,000 m³ 3

[0063] Water released: -1.2-2.4 million liters

[0064] Wet strip width: 20-50 meters

[0065] Protection duration: 90-120 days (critical season)

[0066] ADVANTAGES

[0067] Ecological

[0068] It does not require cutting down vegetation.

[0069] Create microhabitat for native fauna

[0070] Recharges underground aquifers

[0071] Reduces forest water stress

[0072] Operations

[0073] 100% passive system (no pumps or energy)

[0074] Single installation, stand-alone operation

[0075] Minimal maintenance

[0076] Scalable as needed

[0077] Economic

[0078] Low initial cost (-$2,000 USD per unit)

[0079] Without recurring operating costs

[0080] Useful life: permanent infrastructure

[0081] Avoid losses due to fires (invaluable)

[0082] AUTOPOIETIC CYCLE

[0083] The protected forest maintains the ambient humidity that facilitates ice formation the following winter. The system regenerates itself (FIGURE 10 D)

[0084] EXAMPLE 5. Example of application of the proposed invention, in the recovery of water used in the mining industry.

[0085] Water battery system for optimizing the storage and recovery of reclaimed water: The proposed system consists of storing excess water from mining processes, such as water recovered from tailings ponds and water pools, in the form of artificial ice. This process involves pumping the water to an adjacent area with temperatures of 0°C or below, where it freezes and is stored as ice. Subsequently, upon melting, the water returns to its original source, reducing evaporation and allowing its reuse in the mining process. Implementing this system in mining operations would allow for more efficient water management, reducing losses due to evaporation and facilitating its reuse in industrial processes. Furthermore, it would contribute to the sustainability of mining operations by minimizing water consumption and the associated water footprint. EXAMPLE 6. Example of application of the proposed invention in salt flat remediation.Salt flat repair system:

[0086] We used and installed it in an adjacent area of ​​the salt flat. The proposed salt flat restoration system consists of installing artificial ice reserves in areas adjacent to the affected salt flat. These reserves, constructed using advanced ice accumulation techniques, act as thermal and water regulators, contributing to the restoration of the surrounding saline ecosystem. The implementation of this system allows for the recovery of natural habitats and the improvement of biodiversity in the affected area.

[0087] EXAMPLE 7. Example of application of the proposed invention, in the repair and recovery of natural glaciers.

[0088] Glacier Repair System: Use of automation technology to generate critical mass to positively impact the glacier where it is implemented.

[0089] A study of glacier dynamics is needed to determine the areas of greatest snow accumulation and the necessary geography for utilizing a gravity-powered artificial ice reservoir system. The system requires sufficient cold and radiation conditions to generate a critical mass of ice and snow around the perimeter and adjacent areas. This accumulation of ice and snow will have a positive effect, restoring the area to its previous state and reducing glacial melt.

[0090] During the cold season, the system accumulates snow and ice in a vertical reservoir structure and in the surrounding areas, as illustrated in Figure 7B.

[0091] During the warm season, losses from this system are due to evaporation and surface runoff. The evaporation component was calculated for an area of ​​5,000 square meters (approximate estimate of the irrigation area based on on-site visits) using the simplified Penman formula, described in Equation 1 (Linacre, 1977).

[0092] Penman's simplified formula for estimating the evaporation rate is:

[0093] Eo = 700 * T / (100 - A) + 15 * (T - T_d) * (80 - T)

[0094] where:

[0095] • Eo: evaporation rate (mm / day)

[0096] • TD: average monthly temperature (°C)

[0097] • A: altitude (m)

[0098] • T: average daily temperature (°C)

[0099] • T_d: average dew point temperature (°C)

[0100] This formula allows for estimating evaporation using basic climate data, simplifying calculations in areas with limited information. During the cold season, system losses are due to sublimation—the direct transition from solid to gas—of ice and snow in the reservoir and surrounding areas. Water replenishment comes from the melting of artificially accumulated snow and ice in the vertical structure and adjacent areas.

[0101] EXAMPLE 8. Data security and traceability in the proposed invention.

[0102] By incorporating Blockchain, the security of our data can be summarized in these three main characteristics:

[0103] i. Immutable: Once you write something in this "book", it cannot be deleted or changed. ii. Decentralized: This "book" is not stored in a single location, but on many computers at the same time.

[0104] iii. Secure: Each page of the "book" is connected to the previous one by a type of "digital lock" (called cryptography), making it very difficult to counterfeit.

[0105] EXAMPLE 9. Predictive method for estimating ice reserve formation

[0106] 1. Predicting ice volume (ice formation rate, based on meteorological information), based on the collection of different data and variables (FIGURE 11), where: i. ice volume is measured, for example, at least once a week, ii. the AI ​​model is trained to predict ice volume based on meteorological information, iii. the AI ​​is fed with weather reports from different locations of interest, and iv. an ice map is generated by season. 2. Measuring the freezing rate (ice formation), where, based on real images taken in different areas of interest: i. the ice outline is determined, ii. a combination of colors is used to define different ice elements, iii. it is tested with melting, iv. it is tested with low-quality images, and finally, v. the 3D model is calibrated (FIGURE 13).

[0107] 3. Improvement of freezing, through a balance between the volume of water sprayed and the mass of ice, with daily measurements, up to 20 and 60 days.

[0108] 4. Monitoring the “health” of the ice reserve, through the different variables and critical variables of the system of the proposed invention (FIGURE 8)

[0109] 5. The final result is estimated in a Dashboard, along with the available information from the data taken in the field, predictions and simulations of the different systems of the proposed invention (FIGURE 12).

[0110] EXAMPLE 10. Predictive model adjusted and field validation

[0111] The model of the proposed invention, for the formation of artificial ice cores, now in 2025 predicted volumes more accurately by including the wind factor ("Landing Fraction"), reducing the prediction error by 63%.

[0112] Drone measurements of 8 artificial ice cores installed in the foothills of the Andes in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, show actual volumes between 937m 3 and 6,214m 3 , validating the simulation model (FIGURE 14). The adjusted predictive model identifies optimal locations by combining climate, logistics and access to water, with high-resolution maps for the entire Chilean mountain range.

[0113] Example 11. Design and operation of the dynamic water flow magnetizer

[0114] The Nilus dynamic flux magnetizing system is a double vortex system or device. It integrates an advanced hydrodynamic design (double vortex) with a static magnetic field, combining these elements to influence the nucleation and crystallization process of water.

[0115] The Nilus System is a passive device that uses two vortex inductors in series to create a complex and highly turbulent flow regime within a magnetic field zone (FIG 15), as shown in the following table:

[0116] Component Functional Description Suggested Material Geometry with angles

[0117] Fixed helical upper vortex inductor that imparts...

[0118] (Entmdal an angutanmcier moment as Pobmerotecmco!. PO i.

[0119] fu.id.

[0120] Second geometry

[0121] Helical Lower Vortex Inductor, designed to be integrated into the structure of the (Output) magnetic array to interact with the flux.

[0122] incoming.

[0123] Magnet assembly

[0124] Circular Magnetic Array of Neodymium (NdFeB) permanent magnets that generates a

[0125] Grade N52

[0126] intense magnetic field.

[0127] The Nilus Dynamic Flow Magnetizing System, in its Double Vortex configuration, represents a significant evolution in the design of fluid treatment devices. It does not simply guide the flow, but actively manipulates it to create a state of localized high turbulence, where this hydrodynamic-magnetic synergy is the key mechanism for achieving a controlled and effective modification of the water crystallization kinetics. A representation of this system is shown in Figure 16.

[0128] Description of the Figures

[0129] FIGURE 1. Representative diagram of the input data in the NILUS location model.

[0130] FIGURE 2. Representative diagram regarding decision-making (feasibility decision), in the NILUS location model

[0131] FIGURE 3. Representative diagram regarding the final decision-making in the NILUS location model. FIGURE 4. Characteristics of the structure (of scaffolding): Generates the necessary initial height, modular, easy to grow, resistant, and sustainable.

[0132] FIGURE 5. Schematic of the components, systems and operation of the proposed invention.

[0133] FIGURE 6. Automatic 3-way valve system operated by the Nilus Brain algorithm, which, depending on the operating parameters (water temperature, internal valve pressure, ambient humidity and temperature, and solar radiation), and depending on the climatic conditions, goes to spray mode or ecosystem mode, draining the water to prevent freezing during the mode change.

[0134] FIGURE 7. Hydrological flows of: A. Warm season system, and B. Cold season system.

[0135] FIGURE 8. Diagram of the (critical) variables of the proposed invention, and how they are connected for the optimization of the ice reserve formation system.

[0136] FIGURE 9. Representative scheme of the security and traceability of information in the systems of the proposed invention.

[0137] FIGURE 10. Graphical representations of the operation of the proposed invention, as a defense and protection of native forest against fires and high temperatures: A) frontal defense, B) accumulation of water reserves, and C) glacial reserve. In addition, D) a representative diagram of the system's self-recovery is included.

[0138] FIGURE 11. Diagram of variables collected for the operation and optimization of ice reserves in the proposed invention.

[0139] FIGURE 12. Example of the Online Dashboard (draft) for the optimization and formation of ice reserves, in the proposed invention.

[0140] FIGURE 13. Representative image of the freezing rate measurement, using the predictive system of the proposed invention.

[0141] FIGURE 14. Images of A) drone vision on the ground and B) the adjusted calculation of the volume of ice accumulation over time.

[0142] FIGURE 15. Longitudinal cross-section view of the dynamic flux magnetizer, showing the assembled components and the hypothetical flux path.

[0143] FIGURE 16. Representation of the expected result in the microstructure of the ice (right) vs. control (left).

[0144] FIGURE 17. Image of a version of the support structure of the ice accumulation system, present in each device or unit of the system.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A system for the optimized formation, utilization and maintenance of artificial ice reserves, especially in areas where there is no natural ice accumulation, CHARACTERIZED in that the system of the invention comprises the following components: a. An ice accumulation system, which in turn comprises: i. a support system; ii. a water transport system; iii. a dynamic water flow magnetizing system, which orders the water at an atomic level, reducing the possibility of water freezing inside the pipes, by forming structured water layers that in turn form longer-lasting ice layers and better resist thawing; iv. a water sprinkler system; and v. an automation system. b. A cloud-based platform that processes data streams and makes them available for use in university data science courses to develop machine learning, deep learning, and AI training models. c. A set of IoT devices that record and transmit sensor measurements to the cloud platform. d. A system of devices for generating energy which in turn comprises at least: a set of solar panels, which provides energy to the monitoring sensors, and data transmission equipment, and at least one mini wind turbine, both devices from renewable energy sources. e. A satellite data transmission device, which provides communication between devices in the field and the technical team during real-time online monitoring of the system. f. A location system, for the installation of the system in the appropriate place according to the specific conditions and needs required.

2. The system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the transport system comprises: a. a set of pipes, b. at least one triple valve, wherein the valve metal itself comprises a key element for activating / deactivating the valve by material expansion / contraction, wherein the key element is a bimetallic valve constructed with the specific bimetallic configuration associated with the necessary temperature expansion, and wherein said metallic configuration can be selected from the list comprising: steel alloys, copper and aluminum alloys, and any combination of both.

3. The system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the dynamic flux magnetizing system comprises a dynamic flux magnetizing device comprising at least: a set of neodymium magnets, a coil in the water inlet section and a coil in the water outlet section, for geometrically ordering the water connected downstream of the triple valve and upstream of the sprinkler system.

4. The system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the spraying system comprises at least one pipe connected to a set of sprinklers, wherein the sprinkler allows regulating the size or volume of the water droplet according to the requirements and environmental conditions, generating a structured microdroplet of water and favoring the efficiency of freezing the sprayed water on the structure formed by the support system; 5. The system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the support system comprises a supporting structure for the first layer of ice and height, corresponding to the initial support system, wherein the support system further promotes modular ice formation and growth, and wherein the support system comprises different support devices, including: metal scaffolding, bamboo structures, wooden domes, a three-point attachment structure made of bamboo, a nipple designed and synthesized with three outlets, and natural fibers.

6. The system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the automation system corresponds to a system that combines algorithms and sensors to regulate the activation / deactivation and water flow of the system, comprising the elements, devices, and components that are part of the decision-making process based on available information to prevent water freezing and thus promote ice formation under different environmental conditions and in the necessary geographical locations, where said components are: a database, temperature and atmospheric pressure sensors, humidity sensors, radiation sensors, wind speed sensors, and machine learning algorithms for data analysis, where, in addition, said automation system comprises an AI-trained and improved algorithm that regulates the water flow, activation or deactivation of water spraying or misting,Depending on the parameters and information obtained by the different sensors, preventing water from freezing inside the transport system.

7. The system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the system includes the use of drones and cameras to evaluate the volume of the artificial ice reserves in each of the installed support structures.

8. The system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the location system comprises a method or algorithm for identifying optimal positions for the development of ice reserves, wherein said method allows for the development of a model for determining potential future locations of ice reserves, and wherein said method uses for its operation a database composed of various meteorological variables, which in turn includes: topographic data, access maps, channel maps, and water availability in said channels.

9. The location system of claim 7, CHARACTERIZED in that the meteorological data corresponds at least to: i) temperature, ii) incident radiation.

10. The location system of claim 7, CHARACTERIZED in that the topographic data is used to feed a digital elevation model that allows for the identification of the avalanche risk level and shade exposure.

11. The location system of claim 7, CHARACTERIZED in that the access map corresponds to routes and the channel map is decisive for the viability of the installation of an artificial ice reserve, where in addition, the combination of both maps makes up the elaboration of a binary map of development potential of the ice reserve.

12. A method for operating the system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the method comprises: a. information gathering, b. transmission of information, c. information analysis, and d. Optimization of the ice reserve formation process using AI, where the collected data includes: i. Parameters of Sprayed Water, corresponding to measurements of pressure, temperature and volume of sprayed water. ii. Local Meteorological Parameters, which include: Temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction. iii. Image sequences of artificial ice reserves, including photos and videos to monitor the condition and volume of the ice.

13. Use of the system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it serves to protect native forest from fires, where the water reserve functions as a protective barrier and at the same time as a source of water to increase ambient humidity and extinguish fire outbreaks by melting the frozen water reserve itself.

14. Use of the system of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it serves to protect and repair salt flats, where the installation of artificial ice reserves built by means of the ice accumulation system, in areas adjacent to the affected salt flat, act as thermal and water regulators, contributing to the restoration of the surrounding saline ecosystem, and where the implementation of this system allows the recovery of natural habitats and the improvement of biodiversity in the affected area.

15. A system for the optimized formation of artificial ice reserves in areas where there is no natural ice accumulation, especially for the protection of the High Andean Ecosystem, CHARACTERIZED in that the system allows water to accumulate in winter and be released in a controlled manner in summer, creating natural wetlands that stop the advance of fire, and which also comprises: a. A set of devices for forming ice reserves using the ice accumulation system of claim 1, b. A set of water channeling structures that channel water derived from melting from any of the devices in a), and connect to the perimeter and / or the vicinity of a native forest or area to be protected c. A sprinkler system connected to the channeling structure in b), to increase the coverage radius of the protection by means of sprayed water and expand the wet zone in the middle of a fire.

16. The system of claim 15, CHARACTERIZED in that the set of ice reserve cores of the system also function as a passive system of perimeter ice barriers that delay and prevent the arrival of the fire directly, and as a result of contact with the fire or a sudden rise in temperatures, said passive system becomes an active system for fighting the advance of the fire by making water available from the reserve, increasing the ambient humidity and reducing the possibility of uncontrolled advance of the fire towards the pre-established protection zones.

17. The system of claim 15, CHARACTERIZED in that the areas that make up the high Andean ecosystem and that may be susceptible to protection by means of the artificial ice accumulation system, comprise: areas of protected flora and fauna, native forest, salt flats, glacial melt zones, nature reserves, and any natural area with the conditions, parameters and location compatible with the installation of the ice accumulation system of claim 1.

Images