Assembly of externally connected liners for grinding mills, and associated methods

Abstract

The present invention relates to an assembly of externally connected wear liners for grinding devices. The assembly comprises threaded bushing inserts, bevelled bushing inserts, pin inserts and access points, so as to configure at least one liner of a series of liners or possible assemblies using at least one, several or a combination of these devices. The invention also comprises a coupling and an extension for replacing at least one liner. The invention also relates to methods for same.

Description

[0001] ASSEMBLY, METHODS, DEVICES AND EXTERNAL CONNECTION LININGS, FOR GRINDING MILLS.

[0002] DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY.

[0003] This patent application discloses an assembly, devices, and externally connected wear liners for grinding equipment, such as: SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, continuous mills of one or more chambers; externally bolted wear liners, such as: liners on the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion, and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment; by means of at least one, several, or a combination of wear devices and liners.

[0004] In mining, the shutdowns of grinding equipment such as the SAG (semi-autogenous) and / or ball mills affect the upstream and downstream process chain, and directly impact the productivity of the mining operation and the costs per ton of ore processed.

[0005] In milling, the SAG (semi-autogenous) and / or ball mill, and especially its liners, are highly critical. Facilitating rapid liner replacement is essential to ensure high operational continuity and increase overall productivity.

[0006] It is known that external bolting of linings is beneficial since the human operator is no longer at risk inside the equipment.

[0007] It is also known that external bolting has been used in central linings of SAG and ball mills, as well as in feed and discharge covers.

[0008] It is also known that in SAG and ball mills, on the discharge side, there is an assembly comprising: internal, intermediate, or external pulp lifters; internal, intermediate, or external grates; and shell lifter bars (either independent or in combination with the grates), discharge cones, and rings to connect these discharge cones. Depending on the ore being processed and its diameter, the liners can have various configurations. Current trends favor large liners to reduce replacement times during maintenance, thus combining and compacting features into fewer liners. For example, pulp lifters have been combined with filler rings, resulting in a long pulp lifter. Another example is the Metso Megaliner.

[0009] It is also known that the liners work in sets of liners that perform functions radially to the center of the grinding mill line, "rings", and especially at the discharge end there are stacked liners supported on the discharge cover of the grinding mill, for example: a first discharge liner (pulp lifter), on top of which is placed a second grate liner (grate plate), and in some cases, on top of which is placed a third lifting liner (lifter).

[0010] However, currently, the lining and cladding assemblies only allow the removal of the entire assembly of linings, which forces the use of resources, energy and maintenance operation time on linings that do not necessarily require replacement, along with this still the linings do not fully comply with the external bolting.

[0011] The invention and its methods can be used to increase equipment availability and operational continuity, reduce downtime, and increase productivity. In mining and cement operations, it reduces the duration of a major shutdown resulting from the failure of critical equipment, thereby increasing the tons per hour (TPH) of ore produced.

[0012] The field of application of the invention therefore belongs to coatings for containers and lifting devices.

[0013] The invention and methods can be used in factories and industrial processes, industry in general; concentrator plants, sorting and drying areas, such as: construction, recycling, food processing, forestry; but especially in horizontal and vertical grinding areas in mining operations, in the metallurgical, mining and cement industries. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION - STATE OF THE ART.

[0014] The closest prior art is invention patent WO2020 / 136488, “Lifting Bar,” which describes a lifting bar for a grinding mill. The lifting bar comprises: an elongated structural support defining a longitudinal axis and extending from (i) a first end transverse to the longitudinal axis to (ii) a second end transverse to the longitudinal axis; a plurality of structural plates extending along the longitudinal axis at a spaced ratio, where each structural plate is transverse to the longitudinal axis and defines opposite edges. The lifting bar may further comprise at least two protective plate portions, each protective plate portion being mounted on a set of the opposite edges.

[0015] Also some of the techniques mentioned above:

[0016] US4424938A, “Wear-resistant lining for rotary mills”.

[0017] WO2013116892A1, “Quick-release liner bolt”.

[0018] W02007048874A1, “Composite lifting element of a grinding mill”.

[0019] US6036127A, “Mill lining elements”.

[0020] However, no part of the above technique discloses the features that are disclosed below in this description.

[0021] The technical problem posed is to allow the installation and removal of one or more first liners connected from the outside of the mill, externally bolted, in a stacked liner assembly without having to remove a first liner that rests on the inner face of the mill casing, or several liners that are on top of this first liner, in one example case, without limitation: in a discharge liner assembly comprising a lifter, a grate plate and a pulp lifter, where the latter rests on the inner face of the mill casing, the lifter of a grate plate is worn and it is not necessary to remove the grate plate or the pulp lifter,' in the same way in a discharge liner assembly comprising a grate plate from which a lifter projects,The grate plate is obstructed or broken, the screen openings (slots or perforations) are not obstructed, and it is not necessary to remove the pulp lifter; in short, providing a liner assembly with liners that allow a liner, which is on the side furthest from the inside face of the equipment housing, to be installed or removed without the obligation to remove the liner(s) that are closer to or supported by the inside face of the mill, and the liner(s) between this first liner and the liner supported by the face of the mill; where a mill (600) can be a rotating or static, horizontal or vertical piece of equipment, or belong to a mobile or semi-mobile piece of equipment; a horizontal mill, such as: SAG mill, AG mill, rod mill, ball mill, continuous mill with one or more chambers, washing drums, and scrubbers; where the liner assembly can consist of 2 or more liners,and not necessarily comprising a grate, they may be blind; where the set of liners may be made of steel, cast iron, elastomer, or a combination thereof; where the arrangement of the connecting means may be oriented inwards or outwards, and the bolting operation always being on the outside of the mill casing (600), for example: inwards by means of the head on the outside or outwards by means of the nut on the outside; where the installation and / or removal of the liner and the connecting means may be manual (human operator), semi-automatic (machines), automatic, autonomous (robot), or a combination thereof.

[0022] OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION.

[0023] A first object of the present invention is to provide a set of liners that allow the removal of a first liner without the obligation to remove others that are between these and a support surface, in the inner casing of the mill.

[0024] A second object of the present invention is to provide a set of liners that allow the connection means of the mill liner to the casing to be oriented in an inward direction and in an outward direction of the mill.

[0025] A third object of the present invention is to provide a component that allows securing the position of a first liner in a second liner. A fourth object of the present invention is to provide access for tightening connecting means, from the mill housing to a first liner, of a set of liners, which is further inside the center of the mill line.

[0026] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide access for tightening connecting means, from a lining to a first lining, of a set of linings, which is further inside the center of the mill line.

[0027] A sixth object of the present invention is to provide access from the mill casing to a first lining that is further inside the center of the mill line.

[0028] A seventh object of the present invention is to provide an access in the lining that is sealed to prevent pulp from escaping from the mill.

[0029] An eighth object of the present invention is to provide an access in the lining that is sealed and in turn adjustable to prevent pulp from escaping from the mill.

[0030] A ninth object of the present invention is to provide a special connection means for access in the lining of a set of linings.

[0031] A tenth object of the present invention is to provide components that allow the passage of connecting means in the lining and the lining assembly.

[0032] An eleventh object of the present invention is to provide components that allow the fixing of connection means with an orientation towards the inside of the mill, in the lining and the lining assembly.

[0033] A twelfth object of the present invention is to provide components that allow the attachment of connecting means with an orientation towards the outside of the mill, in the lining and the lining assembly. A thirteenth object of the present invention is to provide a component that allows coupling and tightening in a special connecting means in the lining and the lining assembly.

[0034] A fourteenth object of the present invention is to provide a component that enables extending and tightening a connection means in the lining and lining assembly.

[0035] A fifteenth object of the present invention is to provide a set of liners and linings that can be used in the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion, and discharge trunnion of a mill.

[0036] A sixteenth object of the present invention is to provide a set of coatings and linings that are made of various materials, such as: steel, cast iron, polymers, elastomers, or a combination thereof.

[0037] It should be understood that not all implementations can be configured to achieve each and every one of the aforementioned objectives. However, specific implementations may demonstrate the ability to achieve or satisfy at least one or more of the objectives mentioned above.

[0038] Other preferred objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description. These and other objects of the present invention will be evident from the drawings and description included herein. Although it is believed that each object of the invention is achieved by at least one embodiment of the invention, there is not necessarily one embodiment that achieves all the objects of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

[0039] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of its preferred embodiment, and various embodiments, given only as illustrative and non-limiting examples, will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0040] Fig. 1: illustrates the longitudinal section in a grinding mill.

[0041] Fig. 2: illustrates an isomeric view of the partial AA section, indicated in Fig. 1.

[0042] Fig. 3: illustrates a posterior isomeric view of the partial AA section, indicated in Fig.

[0043] 1, without the grinding mill casing.

[0044] Fig. 4: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 1, showing various embodiments of connecting a first, second and third lining by means of a connector with an inward and outward direction.

[0045] Fig. 5: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 1, showing cone connection plate (170) and connection discharge cone (180) from the outside.

[0046] Fig. 6: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the inward-facing connecting object (90) which passes through the outer discharge grate (130) and outer discharger (110) and connects with the discharge grate lifter (150).

[0047] Fig. 7: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the prior art.

[0048] Fig. 8: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the connecting object (90) with an inward direction, which passes through the outer discharge (110) and connects with the outer discharge grate (130). Fig. 9: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the internally threaded bushing insert (5), bushing (6) with seal housing, and seal (7) in the outer discharge (110).

[0049] Fig. 10: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the inward-facing connecting object (90) which passes through the outer discharger (110) and connects with the discharge grate lifter (150), which catch the outer discharge grate (130).

[0050] Fig. 11: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, another embodiment of Fig. 10.

[0051] Fig. 12: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, another embodiment of Fig. 10.

[0052] Fig. 13: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing a perforated connector (9) that connects to an external discharger (110) by means of an internally threaded bushing insert (1A).

[0053] Fig. 14: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the connecting object (90) with an inward direction, which passes through the inner discharger (120) and connects with the inner discharge grid (140).

[0054] Fig. 15: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the inward-facing connecting object (90) which passes through the inner discharger (120) and inner discharge grate (140), and connects with the inner discharge grate lifter (160).

[0055] Fig. 16: illustrates a detail of the longitudinal section, indicated in Fig. 4, showing the inward-facing connecting element (90) which connects to the discharge cone (180), and where the structural seat (16) between two internally threaded bushing inserts (1) is shown. Fig. 17: illustrates the partial cross-section BB, indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, showing the inward-facing connecting element (90) which passes through the outer discharger (110) and outer discharge grate (130), and which connects to the outer discharge grate lifter (150); where the outer discharge grate lifter (150) houses an oval-head nut (93), and further shows a seat (13) on each side of the outer discharge grate (130).

[0056] Fig. 18 illustrates another embodiment of the partial cross-section BB indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, showing the outward-facing connecting object (91) passing through the outer discharger (110) and outer discharge grate (130), and from and housed in the outer discharge grate lifter (150); furthermore, a supplementary insert (1 IB) on the connecting object (91) is shown; and furthermore, a seat (13) on each side of the outer discharge grate (130) and the chamfer (12) on the upper portion of the outer discharger (110) and outer discharge grate (130) are shown.

[0057] Fig. 19: illustrates, another embodiment, of the partial cross section BB, indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, in addition to Fig. 18 shows support structure (54), from where the connecting object (91) is projected.

[0058] Fig. 20: illustrates, another embodiment, of the detail of the partial cross section BB, indicated in Fig. 19, in addition to Fig. 19 an insert (10) is shown, from where the connecting object (91) is projected.

[0059] Fig. 21: illustrates, another embodiment, of the detail of the partial cross section BB, indicated in Fig. 19, in addition to Fig. 19, a nut object is shown, from where the connecting object (91) is projected.

[0060] Fig. 22: illustrates another embodiment of the detail of the partial cross-section BB, indicated in Fig. 19, in addition to Fig. 19, which shows an insert (10B), from which the connecting object (91) projects. Fig. 23: illustrates the detail of the longitudinal section of a central lining (70), without the mill casing, indicated in Fig. 1, which shows the cross-section CC.

[0061] Fig. 24: illustrates the partial CC cross section, indicated in Fig. 23, which shows the detail in Fig. 25.

[0062] Fig. 25: illustrates the detail of the partial CC cross section, with the mill housing, indicated in Fig. 24, showing a supplementary insert (11) on the connecting object (91).

[0063] Fig. 26: illustrates the exploded view of the installation of the perforated connector (9) in a set of liners in a grinding mill, showing a wrench coupling (14) and a torque wrench object (92).

[0064] Fig. 27: illustrates the exploded view of the installation of the external connection means object (90) in a set of liners in a grinding mill, showing a wrench extension (15) and a torque wrench object (92).

[0065] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT:

[0066] In the following detailed description, several exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in detail.

[0067] The invention discloses a set of liners, liners and devices for enabling the installation and removal of one or more liners connected from the outside of the mill, externally bolted, in a stacked set of liners, without having to remove a first liner supported on the inside face of the grinding mill, or several liners on top of it; a set, devices and externally connected wear liners for grinding equipment, such as: SAG, ball or rod mills; externally bolted wear liners, such as: liners in the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment.a) an assembly, devices and wear liners including an assembly of liners comprising a first liner and a second liner which comprise at least one bushing through which at least one connector passes inwards from the outside of the mill housing to connect to a threaded bushing in a third liner on the far side from the inside face of the grinding mill housing.

[0068] b) a wear assembly, devices and liners including a liners assembly comprising a first liner comprising at least one bushing through which at least one connector passes inwards from the outside of the mill housing to connect to a threaded bushing in a second liner on the far side from the inside face of the grinding mill housing.

[0069] c) a wear assembly, devices and liners including a liners assembly comprising a first liner comprising at least one bushing through which at least one connector passes inwards from the outside of the mill housing to connect to a threaded bushing in a second liner on the far side from the inside face of the grinding mill housing, and this in turn is combined to a third liner.

[0070] d) a wear assembly, devices and linings including a set of linings comprising a first lining on the far side from the inner face of the equipment housing, where at least one housing is located from which a connector projects outwards which passes through a second and a third lining comprising a bushing until connecting with the complement (for example a nut) or complements of said connector on the outside of the grinding mill housing.

[0071] e) a wear assembly, devices and linings including a set of linings comprising a first lining on the far side from the inner face of the equipment housing, where at least one housing is located from which a connector projects outwards which passes through a second lining comprising a bushing until connecting with the complement (for example a nut) or complements of said connector on the outside of the grinding mill housing.

[0072] f) a wear assembly, devices and linings including a set of linings comprising a first lining on the far side from the inner face of the equipment housing, from which at least one housing is located from which a connector projects outwards which passes through a second lining comprising a bushing until connecting with the complement or complements of said connector on the outside of the grinding mill housing, and wherein this first lining in turn is combined with a third lining.

[0073] g) wear liners, including: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connecting plate (170), including at least: a threaded bushing insert (1), a threaded pin insert (8), for receiving an inwardly directed connecting object (90) (bolt, washer, sealing washer and / or nut) from the outside and securing it from the outside of the grinding mill housing.

[0074] h) Wear liners, including: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connecting plate (170), including at least: an insert (10) and / or insert (10B) for accommodating an outwardly directed connecting object (91), such as: a “T” type bolt, a threaded rod, VF (mill liner bolt) bolts and / or oval head bolts, and securing this from the outside of the SAG and / or ball mill casing.

[0075] i) wear liners, including: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connection plate (170), including at least: a supplementary insert (11) and a supplementary insert (1 IB) over the housing of the connecting object (91) in a liner.j) wear liners, including: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connecting plate (170), including at least one bushing insert: (2) plain, (2B) short plain, (2C) long plain, (3) chamfered guide, (3A) long chamfered guide, (3B) chamfered guide, (3C) chamfered guide, and / or (3D) chamfered guide; so that an inwardly directed connecting object (90) (bolt, washer, sealing washer and / or nut) or an outwardly directed connecting object (91), such as: a “T” type bolt, a threaded rod, VF bolts (mill liner bolt) and / or oval head bolts, can pass into said liners and secure them from the outside of the grinding mill housing.

[0076] k) wear liners, including: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connecting plate (170), which includes at least one seat (13) on the upper and / or lower surface of a first liner and which receives a subsequent liner.

[0077] l) each bushing or threaded bushing, or combination thereof, located at the base of any lining, includes at least one seat (16).

[0078] m) an access (20), which allows passing an object (90) connecting means inwards from the outside of the mill casing to any lining.

[0079] n) the access (20), which includes a through-threaded internal bushing insert (1A) and a perforated connector (9).

[0080] o) the access (20), which includes an internally threaded bushing insert (5) and a bushing (6) with housing for seal (7).

[0081] (p) the access (20), which includes a seal (17) perimeter protrusion in the outer lining (52) in the lining that is in contact with another lining, of a mill lining (53) of the mill casing, or any inner surface of the mill casing, such as: feed drum casing (601), center drum casing (602), discharge drum casing (603), feed trunnion (604) or discharge trunnion (605).

[0082] q) for the installation or removal of said object (90) connection means includes an extension (15) for an object (92) torque or tightening wrench (impact wrench).

[0083] r) for the installation or removal of a perforated connector (9) includes a coupling (14) for an object (92) torque or tightening wrench (impact wrench).

[0084] The invention also discloses a method for installing and removing a lifter bar type cladding, which includes the following steps:

[0085] Facility:

[0086] a) on a grinding mill install a first mill lining by means of a connecting object (90);

[0087] b) mounting a second mill lining over the first mill lining by means of a connecting object (90);

[0088] c) mounting a third mill lining, a lifter-type lining, over the second mill lining, by means of a connecting object (90);

[0089] d) if and only if access is found (20), use extension (15) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening wrench (impact wrench);

[0090] e) if and only if, it is found with internally threaded bushing insert (1A) through, for connector (9) perforated, use coupling (14) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening (impact wrench); f) torque of object (90) means of connection as appropriate.

[0091] Withdrawal:

[0092] a) reverse the installation sequence;

[0093] b) as necessary, use tools: bolt puller, nut cutter or torch (oxyacetylene). The invention also discloses a method for installing and removing a grate-type lining, which includes the following steps:

[0094] Facility:

[0095] a) on a grinding mill install a first mill lining by means of a connecting object (90);

[0096] b) mounting a grid-type liner over the first mill liner by means of a connecting object (90); wherein the grid-type liner may or may not have a lifter;

[0097] c) if and only if access is found (20), use extension (15) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening wrench (impact wrench);

[0098] d) if and only if, it is found with internally threaded bushing insert (1A) through, for connector (9) perforated, use coupling (14) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening (impact wrench); e) torque of object (90) means of connection as appropriate.

[0099] Withdrawal:

[0100] a) reverse the installation sequence;

[0101] b) as needed, use tools: bolt cutter, nut cutter or torch (oxyacetylene).

[0102] The invention also discloses a method for coating a grinding machine, which includes the following steps:

[0103] a) provide one, several or a combination of coatings described in any of the preceding claims;

[0104] b) mounting one, several or a combination of linings described in any of the preceding claims on the inner casing of the grinding equipment: feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion;

[0105] c) Optionally or alternatively, use the installation and removal method of the preceding claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS.

[0106] The devices: threaded bushing inserts, plain bushing inserts, chamfered bushing inserts, internally threaded bushing inserts, pin inserts, connector housing inserts, supplementary inserts and access; allow the configuration of liners, which allow the installation or removal, from the outside of the grinding mill, of a liner in a set of stacked liners without the obligation to remove the others.

[0107] The linings described herein: set of external connection discharge linings (100); and their linings: an external discharge grate lifter (150), an internal discharge grate lifter (160), an external discharge grate plate (130), an internal discharge grate plate (140), an external pulp lifter (110) in the discharge cover with incorporated filled ring (80), an internal pulp lifter (120) in the discharge cover, a discharge cone (180) and a cone connection plate (170); are fundamental linings to be able to configure from here the various possible embodiments of possible linings on linings in: the feed, central, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of a grinding equipment.

[0108] Having said that, starting from the fundamental coatings, as many implementations as possible can be made.

[0109] In one embodiment, a middle pulp lifter can be configured in the discharge lid, starting from the outer discharger (110) and the inner discharger (120).

[0110] In another embodiment, a larger combined grate plate can be configured from the outer discharge grate (130) and the inner discharge grate (140).

[0111] In another embodiment, an outer discharge grate (130) and an outer discharge grate lifter (150) can be configured. In another embodiment, an inner discharge grate (140) and an inner discharge grate lifter (160) can be configured.

[0112] In another embodiment, a middle lifter grate plate can be configured.

[0113] In another embodiment, a pulp discharge cone can be configured from the discharge cone (180) and the inner discharger (120).

[0114] In another embodiment, a pulp discharge grate cone can be configured from the discharge cone (180), the inner discharge grate (120) and the inner discharge grate (140).

[0115] In another embodiment, the inner discharge grid (140) can also work as a lining without sieve openings (55), configuring a blind middle lining.

[0116] In another embodiment, it can be configured from the inner discharge grid (140), it can also work as a liner without sieve openings (55), in combination with the inner discharge grid lifter (160), configuring a middle lifter liner.

[0117] In other implementations, these same criteria, devices, and coatings can be standardized or extrapolated to other coatings in other process equipment; by extension and understanding, any type of coating can be configured.

[0118] The liners described herein: set of external connection discharge liners (100); and their liners: external discharge grate lifter (150), internal discharge grate lifter (160), external discharge grate plate (130), internal discharge grate plate (140), external pulp lifter (110) in the discharge cover with integrated filling ring (80), internal pulp lifter (120) in the discharge cover, discharge cone (180), and cone connection plate (170). The liners can be manufactured using different techniques and production processes, for example: entirely cast, cast with machined areas, cast and coated in areas with anti-wear polymer or ceramic;These can be composite linings, also called hybrid linings, which involve vulcanization in one or more molds, cavities, inserts, and inserts; combining materials such as: structural steels, cast iron, anti-abrasive steel inserts, polymers, and ceramics; steels such as: ASTM A-36 structural steel, pearlitic chromium-molybdenum steel, martensitic steel, high-hardness white iron, high-chromium steel, 500 HBW (Brinell) rolled steel, Hardox® 500 steel; polymers such as: rubber, natural rubber, polyurethane, neoprene, hypalon, nitrile, or any specially configured compound; when working and wear conditions are severe, ceramic inserts or inserts of other materials for high impact, wear, and / or abrasion can also be used on the exterior, such as: high-alumina anti-wear ceramic inserts, tungsten carbide.

[0119] Threaded bushings, bushings, and any other components described herein can be made from any material, such as steel, rolled steel, stainless steel, ductile iron, gray cast iron, composite materials, and polymers. They can be manufactured using various techniques and production processes, such as cold forging, casting, and CNC machining. They can be heat-treated, for example, by annealing, normalizing, hardening, tempering, or any other process. Surface finishes can be applied, such as polishing, passivation, black oxide, zinc plating, nickel plating, Dacromet coating, anodizing, powder coating, hot-dip galvanizing, and Geomet®-type coatings. In some applications, 3D printing of specially configured metals or polymers can be used on another component, which can then be machined, for example, by grinding or threading.For example: high-performance metal 3D printing, using wire laser metal deposition technology from the company Meltio.

[0120] The internally threaded bushing insert (1) comprises a portion that connects to a connecting object (90), another portion that contacts a plate (51), and another portion that contacts another lining or the inner face of the mill housing. The internally threaded bushing insert (1) may contact another type of bushing, for example, a plain bushing insert (2) in another lining.

[0121] The through-threaded bushing insert (1A) and perforated connector (9) work together and allow a liner to be connected to the grinding mill housing, in turn allowing a torque wrench extension (15) (impact wrench) to pass through the access (20) in any liner and allow a connecting means object (90) or a connecting means object (91) to be installed or removed.

[0122] The plain bushing insert (2) is a cylinder that extends fully through the thickness of the body (50) of a lining, and at least one of its ends is in contact with an internally threaded bushing insert (1) in another lining. The plain bushing insert (2) allows the passage of a connecting object (90) or a connecting object (91).

[0123] The short plain bushing insert (2B) has the same functions as the plain bushing insert (2), and is to be placed in the upper portion of a lining, if the connecting object (90) enters through the lower portion.

[0124] The long, smooth bushing insert (2C) has the same functions as the smooth bushing insert (2) and is used when the linings are thick. The long, smooth bushing insert (2C) is a combination of two short, smooth bushing inserts (2B), which are located at the ends through which the connecting element (90) passes, and which are attached to a bushing, pipe, or tube of any cross-section. In other embodiments, the long, smooth bushing insert (2C) has a chamfer on the side facing the access direction of the connecting element (90).

[0125] The beveled guide bushing insert (3) will have the same functions as the plain bushing insert (2), and additionally has a considerable bevel to facilitate access of the connecting object (90), and also has a portion that is integral with a plate (51) and another portion is in contact with the connecting object (90). The long beveled guide bushing insert (3A) will have the same functions as the beveled guide bushing insert (3) and is also longer when the coatings have a greater thickness.

[0126] The chamfered guide bushing insert (3B) and the chamfered guide bushing insert (3C) work together in the upper and lower portions of a lining to allow the passage of an internally threaded pin insert (8). The chamfered guide bushing insert (3B) and the chamfered guide bushing insert (3C) are each attached to a plate (51) in their respective upper and lower portions. The chamfered guide bushing insert (3B) and the chamfered guide bushing insert (3C), along with the body (50) between them, work together to form a cavity that allows the insertion of the internally threaded pin insert (8).

[0127] The internally threaded pin insert (8) is fixed to a plate (51) in a lining, for example, an external discharge grate lifter (150), and projects through another lining, for example, an external discharge grate (130), and makes contact with another bushing in another lining, for example, a long, chamfered guide bushing insert (3A) in an external discharger (110). The connecting means (90) passes through the long, chamfered guide bushing insert (3A) to the internally threaded pin insert (8) and connects.

[0128] The beveled guide bushing insert (3D) will have the same functions as the beveled guide bushing insert (3). The difference is that it is located on the portion facing the connecting object (90) in the body (50) of a lining, and on the opposite portion, it is complemented by the short smooth bushing insert (2B). The beveled guide bushing insert (3D) does not cover the entire thickness of a lining.

[0129] The connector housing insert (10) prevents the connecting element (91) from rotating during the installation or removal of the linings. The connector housing insert (10) has a housing that is the counter-shaped, or negative, geometry of the connecting element (91). Therefore, it can accommodate the head of any type of bolt, such as hexagonal, oval, square, or T-shaped. The connector housing insert (10) is attached to a plate (51) at the base of a lining. The connector housing insert (10), the connecting element (91), and the body (50) of a lining are combined, forming a single, integrated composite lining. The connector housing insert (10) has two downward-sloping side portions that retain polymer in the portion that rests against the plate (51), providing improved impact resistance.

[0130] The connector housing insert (10B) will have the same functions as the connector housing insert (10), the difference being that it is an embodiment where the coatings have already been manufactured; that is, the polymer is already bonded to the connector housing insert (10B), and the body (50) of a coating has an opening for the installation and removal of the connecting means (91). The connector housing insert (10B) additionally serves to retain the connecting means (91) in the coating by means of a supplementary insert (11).

[0131] The supplementary insert (11), as previously stated, serves to retain a connecting element (91) and works in conjunction with the insert (10B) for connector housing. The supplementary insert (11) also works in prefabricated cast linings. Similarly, the supplementary insert (1 IB) works in cast linings. The supplementary insert (11) and the supplementary insert (1 IB) may be attached to the connecting element (91) before being inserted into the lining, and then attached to the body of a cast lining, or to the body (50) of a composite lining.The supplementary insert (11) and the supplementary insert (11B) can be joined in various ways, for example, for cast or composite linings, as appropriate: threading and welding, using a mechanical retainer (key, taper pin, dowel, circlip, or any other) and then welding, using metal or polymer adhesive, cold vulcanizing, preparing a special compound and applying it to the required location with a 3D printer, or caulking with a special compound. It should be concluded that the use of the supplementary insert (11) allows the use of an existing lining and its configuration for the purposes of this invention application.

[0132] The bevel (12) is located in the hole for a connecting object (90) or a connecting object (91). The bevel (12) faces the installation direction of the connecting object (90) or the connecting object (91).

[0133] The seat (13) is located on at least one side of a liner and may be a single cavity or multiple cavities that allow it to fit with another liner. The seat (13) may be fully or partially coated with a polymer. The seat (13) may have flat, inclined, wavy, curved cavities, or various other shapes or geometries. The seat allows two or more liners to be positioned and guided. This fit facilitates the installation of stacked liners in the inner casing of the grinding mill and aligns those liners that are bolted on the outside.

[0134] The bevel (12) and seat (13) can be combined to facilitate mounting and installation of the bolts from the outside, or when the bolt is incorporated into the lining and only the nut is installed from the outside.

[0135] Threaded bushing inserts, bushing inserts and pins, in some embodiments and in some cladding configurations, do not need to be attached to a plate (51).

[0136] Threaded bushing inserts, bushing inserts, and pins, which are part of composite-type linings, will have tapers, radii, chamfers, and a combination of these, to comply with demolding and polymer material flow in vulcanization.

[0137] Threaded inserts, bushing inserts, and pins are described in composite or hybrid linings, and obviously the steels that are specific to the lining design are manufactured within the mold by means of cavities, inserts, additional inserts, or floating reinforcements in the polymer body (50), for their manufacture in said mold, where they are hot vulcanized under pressure. In the production of cast linings, the functional and geometric criteria set forth in this document must be maintained.Having said that, the casting embodiments, both complete and partial, will have combined geometries, that is, in an example, the pins will be protrusions subsequently machined to make the internal thread that will connect with the object (90) connection means; the guide bushing insert (3) with bevel, in the casting embodiment will be a cavity with the respective taper of the demolding and an additional portion to comply with the bevel, and a protrusion to be machined in such a way that perpendicularity, concentricity and coaxiality are met, and the support (pocket or flattening) for the object (90) connection means that it rests on.Threaded components, such as: the internally threaded bushing insert (1), the through-threaded internally threaded bushing insert (1A), the connecting means object (90), the connecting means object (91), the internally threaded bushing insert (5), the bushing (6) with seal housing, the internally threaded pin insert (8), the drilled connector (9), and in some embodiments, the supplementary insert (11) and the supplementary insert (1IB). The threads in these can be any thread type, pitch, direction, or configuration, such as: full thread, partial thread, metric, UNC, UNF, fine, extra-fine, or coarse pitch, right-hand or left-hand thread, trapezoidal or round cross-section. In some embodiments, a special thread can be configured to accelerate feed or strengthen the shear section.

[0138] The seat (16) is a connection between two or more internally threaded bushing inserts (1). The seat (16) functions as a contact surface with the inner housing of the grinding mill. The seat (16) has a face flush with the face of the internally threaded bushing insert (1) closest to the inner housing of the grinding mill. The seat (16) can operate with the internally threaded bushing insert (1A), or it can operate in combination with both the internally threaded bushing insert (1) and the internally threaded bushing insert (1A). The seat (16) can connect two internally threaded bushing inserts (1) or an even sequence to form a grid of four, six, eight, or more internally threaded bushing inserts (1).It allows for improved load distribution when the liners to be configured or combined are large. The loads from the liner and the impacts inherent in the grinding and comminution process are transferred to the structure, the connecting means, and the grinding mill casing. The load distribution and contact points rest on the internally threaded bushing insert (1) and / or the through-threaded bushing insert (1A). Therefore, the seat (16) is important for configuring the liners described in this document. Preferably, the more contact points there are, the better, as this improves the structural performance and the planned service life of the liners. The seat (16) can be manufactured for composite or hybrid liners, where the seat (16) can be located on either side of a plate (51) in a liner, or the seat (16) can be through the plate (51).The seat (16) can be made from plates, rolled bars, forging, casting, 3D metal printing followed by machining and welding to the main body and inserts. Alternatively, it can be made using 3D printing or any other technique. The seat (16) can be manufactured for cast linings, maintaining the described criteria, geometries, and function, and combining the lining body with the bushings and the seat.

[0139] The torque wrench fitting (14) allows the torque wrench (92) to be used on the perforated connector (9). The fitting (14) is configured according to the head of the perforated connector (9).

[0140] The torque wrench extension (15) allows the torque wrench (92) to be used with the connecting means (90). The extension (15) is configured to fit the head of the connecting means (90) or to fit the accessory (e.g., a nut) of the connecting means (91). The length of the extension (15) is determined by the length of the mill casing thickness, plus the length of the access shaft (20) and the length of the type of connecting means (90) or connecting means (91) package, as applicable to the liner being installed or removed.

[0141] The seal (17), a perimeter protrusion, may be machined from the lining, added by vulcanization, or adhered with a special adhesive. The seal (17) may be circular, oval, elliptical, polygonal, spline, rectilinear, or any shape equidistant from the access point (20). The seal (17) may be a cross-section of circular, oval, elliptical, polygonal, spline, rectilinear, or a combination thereof.

[0142] The internally threaded bushing insert (5), the bushing (6) with seal housing, and the seal (7) work together to prevent spillage of slurry from the comminution process of ore grinding from inside the mill. The internally threaded bushing insert (5) allows the bushing (6) with seal housing to fit coaxially to the access (20). This fit accommodates manufacturing variations in the grinding mill casing and liners. The bushing (6) with seal housing may include one or more channels to retain one or more seals (7). The seal (7), preferably made of 60 Shore A natural rubber, can be manufactured from various materials and hardnesses (Shore A), and its shape and cross-section can be configured according to the requirements of each grinding mill, the liners, and the slurry to be contained.The access (20) is preferably a cavity with a cylindrical cross-section, which may be conical or of any other shape: circular, oval, elliptical, polygonal, spline, rectilinear, or any other form; it may have a taper or draft angle. The access (20) preferably has a construction axis perpendicular to the face of the "drum" of the grinding mill casing; it may also have a construction axis inclined to the grinding mill casing. In composite liners, the access (20) may be made using a bushing, pipe, or tube of any cross-section and may be lined with any type of polymer; or in some embodiments, it is a cavity in the body (50) of a liner without necessarily having a structural component, considering the taper of the draft for the insert or other additional component for the mold and its vulcanization.The access (20) in cast or cast iron linings is a cavity with a tapered demolding feature, or it can be machined subsequently; it can also be additionally coated with a polymer.

[0143] The connecting element (90), connecting element (91), and perforated connector (9) are configured according to the requirements of the grinding mill and the liners. In other embodiments, instead of bolted connections, other connection or coupling systems may be used, such as: hooks, locks, male-female fittings, or a quarter turn; a pin and a locking key; more sophisticated clamping systems with an automatic locking mechanism and assisted release (pins and springs).

[0144] They can be in various connection configurations, such as: hex head bolts, T-type bolts, VF (mill liner) bolts, oval head bolts, Allen keyway bolts, star keyway bolts; they can include: standard or long nuts, locking nuts; they can include: flat washers, helical washers, Nord-Lock® type grooved washers; they can include cup washers with built-in seals; they can also be: studs, fully threaded studs; Allen keyway bolts; they can be under any type of standard, such as: DIN, ASME, ASTM, for example: ASTM A193 grade B7; in any type of grade, such as: A2, A4, 4.8, 5.8, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9; in any type of material, such as: steel, stainless steel, AISI 304.The connecting means (90), connecting means (91), and perforated connector (9) can be installed at an angle to the grinding mill housing, whereby threaded inserts, bushing inserts, chamfered bushing inserts, and pins must be provided in such a way as to configure these to accommodate the coupling between liners and provide access for bolting on the outside, along with the extension of torque and tightening wrenches for changing liners.

[0145] It should be understood that the difference between the connecting means (90) and the connecting means (91) is the direction of installation in the grinding mill and its liners. The connecting means (90) runs from the outside to the inside of the grinding mill; therefore, a "female" component is incorporated into a liner, and the "male" component is on the outside and is screwed in from the outside. Conversely, the connecting means (91) runs from the inside of the grinding mill; therefore, the "male" component is incorporated into a liner, and the "female" component (e.g., a nut) is installed and screwed in from the outside.

[0146] DETAILED DESCRIPTION ACCORDING TO FIGURES.

[0147] To carry out the detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, continuous reference will be made to the Figures in the drawings, of which Fig. 1 is the illustration of a general longitudinal section arrangement of a mill (600) of the following invention, where: CL is the center of the mill (600), TF is the feed trunnion, FE is the feed, CE is the central trunnion, DI is the discharge trunnion, and TD is the discharge trunnion of the mill; where in a central zone CE of the mill (600) a central lining (70) (shell plate and shell lifter bar) is located; in the discharge zone DI, a set of discharge linings (100) is located; in the discharge zone DI, section AA is made, and on the set of discharge linings (100), section BB is made; The mill casing (600) illustrates the casings: (604) feed trunnion, (601) feed, (602) central, (603) discharge and (605) discharge trunnion.Fig.2: illustrates the discharge lining assembly (100) and a central lining (70), where shown: the discharge lining assembly (100) on the discharge casing (603) and discharge trunnion casing (605) and a portion on the central casing (602); the central lining (70) on the central casing (602); on the central casing (602) the mill lining (53) (rubber backing),- on the discharge casing (603) the mill lining (53) (rubber backing),' concentric to the CL.of the mill (600) a cone connection plate (170), which connects to discharge cone (180); also shown is inner discharge grate lifter (160) connected to inner discharge grate (140), connected to inner discharger (120); outer discharge grate lifter (150) connected to outer discharge grate (130) connected to outer discharger (110); sieve openings (55) in outer discharge grate (130) and inner discharge grate (140).

[0148] Fig. 3: illustrates the discharge lining assembly (100), in a rear view and without the mill casings (600). In addition to Fig. 2, the inward-facing connecting element (90) and the outward-facing connecting element (91) are illustrated, projecting into the perforations that run from the outside to the inside of the mill (600) in the linings: cone connection plate (170), discharge cone (180), inner discharger (120), and outer discharger (110).

[0149] Fig. 4: illustrates example embodiments, without limitation. The connection types from the outside of the discharge lining assembly (100) are described: a first, a second, and a third member, without limitation. Discharge lining assembly (100): outer unloader (110), outer discharge grate (130), outer discharge grate lifter (150), inner unloader (120), inner discharge grate (140), inner discharge grate lifter (160), and discharge cone (180).

[0150] Fig. 5: illustrates the cone connection plate (170) connected to a discharge cone (180) by means of an inwardly directed connecting object (90). The cone connection plate (170) has a body (50) on a plate (51) where an internally threaded bushing insert (1) is connected. Fig. 6: illustrates the connection of an external discharge (110), an external discharge grate (130) with an external discharge grate lifter (150) by means of the inwardly directed connecting object (90), which is located in an access (20) in the external discharge (110); In the outer discharger (110) a beveled guide bushing insert (3) and in the outer discharge grate (130) a smooth bushing insert (2), allow the connecting means object (90) to pass through these linings to reach the internally threaded bushing insert (1) in the outer discharge grate lifter (150).

[0151] Fig. 7: illustrates the prior art, wherein a liner (40) has an internally threaded bushing in a liner body (50) integral with a plate (51); wherein a connecting object (90) from outside the mill (600) and through the discharge housing (603) connects with the internally threaded bushing. The prior art described in this Fig. is applied in the feed housing (601) and in the central housing (602) of the mill (600).

[0152] Fig. 8: illustrates the joining of an external discharge (110) with an external discharge grate (130), by means of the connecting object (90) directed inwards, which is located in an access (20) in the external discharge (110); in the external discharge (110) a long guide bushing insert (3A) with bevel, allows the connecting object (90) to pass through this lining to reach the internally threaded bushing insert (1) in the external discharge grate (130).

[0153] Fig. 9: illustrates, in the access (20) of an external discharger (110), an internally threaded bushing insert (5) is located in which a bushing (6) with a seal housing (7) is fitted in a coaxial direction; where the seal (7) is in contact with the discharge housing (603); or it may also be in contact with the mill lining (53) (rubber backing), or it may also be in contact with another lining having an access (20).

[0154] Fig. 10: illustrates the joining of an external discharge (110), an external discharge grate (130) with an external discharge grate lifter (150), by means of the inwardly directed connecting object (90), which is located in an access (20) in the external discharge (110); in the external discharge (110) a long beveled guide bushing insert (3A); in the external discharge grate (130) a beveled guide bushing insert (3B), together with a tapered liner body (50) and a beveled guide bushing insert (3C), allow an internally threaded pin insert (8) to pass from the external discharge grate lifter (150) which rests with the long beveled guide bushing insert (3A) in the external discharge (110), and where said internally threaded pin insert (8) connects with the connecting object (90).

[0155] Fig. 11: Analogous to Fig. 10, in another embodiment, it is illustrated that in the outer discharge grate (130), the beveled guide bushing insert (3B) is retained; however, the beveled guide bushing insert (3C) is replaced by a conical cavity in the body (50) of the lining that projects to the end of the outer discharge grate (130), i.e., to a plate (51). In the outer discharge (110), the long beveled guide bushing insert (3A) is replaced in the upper portion by a short plain bushing insert (2B), and in the lower portion by a beveled guide bushing insert (3D), and between the short plain bushing insert (2B) and the beveled guide bushing insert (3D), a cylindrical cavity is projected in the body (50) of the lining, between two plates (51).

[0156] Fig. 12: Homologous to Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, in another embodiment, the union of an external discharger (110) and a lining that engages a combined external discharge grid (130), i.e., fused to an external discharge grid lifter (150), is illustrated by means of the inwardly directed connecting object (90), which is located in an access (20) in the external discharger (110); In the outer discharger (110) a beveled guide bushing insert (3B), together with a body (50) in the tapered liner and a beveled guide bushing insert (3D), allow passage from the combined outer discharge grate (130) to an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an internally threaded pin insert (8), which rests on the beveled guide bushing insert (3D) in the outer discharger (110), and where said internally threaded pin insert (8) connects with the connecting means object (90).

[0157] Fig. 13: illustrates the access (20) of an external discharge valve (110) where a through-threaded internal bushing insert (1A) is located, to which a perforated connector (9) is connected. The perforated connector (9) is configured to allow the passage of a wrench extension (15) for tightening a connecting element (90). The perforated connector (9) can also be configured to allow the passage of the connecting element (90) in an inward direction. Fig. 14: illustrates the connection of an internal discharge valve (120) to an internal discharge grate (140) by means of the connecting element (90) in an inward direction; in the internal discharge valve (120), a long, smooth bushing insert (2C) allows the passage of the connecting element (90) and connection with an internally threaded bushing insert (1) in the internal discharge grate (140).

[0158] Fig. 15: illustrates the joining of an inner unloader (120), an inner unload grate (140) and an inner unload grate lifter (160), by means of the connecting object (90) directed inwards; the inner unloader (120) and the inner unload grate (140) have a guide bushing insert (3D) with a chamfer on the bottom, and on the top a short smooth bushing insert (2B); these bushings allow the connecting object (90) to pass through and connect with an internally threaded bushing insert (1) in the inner unload grate lifter (160).

[0159] Fig. 16: illustrates the connection of the discharge cone (180) with the discharge casing (603) of the mill (600), where two internally threaded bushing inserts (1) are integral with a structural seat (16), and this seat is in contact with the discharge casing (603). In other embodiments, the structural seat (16) may be at the level of an outer plate (51) or lining (52) of a liner.

[0160] Fig. 17: illustrates the cross-section BB of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, i.e., it is transverse to the discharge lining assembly (100). It shows the connection of the outer discharge valve (110), the outer discharge grate (130) with the outer discharge grate lifter (150), by means of the connecting element (90) directed inwards; in the outer discharge valve (110) there is a long guide bushing insert (3A) with a chamfer; in the outer discharge grate (130) there is a chamfer (12) and a perforation; which allow the connecting element (90) to pass through and connect with an oval-head nut (93) in the outer discharge grate lifter (150); the oval-head nut (93) may be attached at its upper portion to a supplementary insert (1 IB) and this insert attached to the outer discharge grate lifter (150).A seat (13) is also shown on the upper and lower face of the outer discharge grate (130) for centering, guiding, and positioning the outer discharge unloader (110) and the outer discharge grate lifter (150). Fig. 18: as in Fig. 17, illustrates another embodiment of cross-section BB. It shows the connection of the outer discharge unloader (110), the outer discharge grate (130) with the outer discharge grate lifter (150) by means of the outwardly directed connecting object (91); in this Fig., the connecting object (91) must be configured at its head such that it does not rotate in the cavity of the outer discharge grate lifter (150), and the connection object (91) is secured by at least one nut. Unlike Fig. 17, the bevel (12) is on the upper portion of the perforation in the outer discharger (110) and in the outer discharge grate (130).

[0161] Fig. 19: As in Fig. 17 and Fig. 18, it illustrates another embodiment of cross-section BB. It shows the connection of the outer discharger (110), the outer discharge grate (130), and the outer discharge grate lifter (150) by means of an outwardly directed connecting element (91). In this figure, the connecting element (91) is housed in a bolt support structure (54), for example, for T-bolts (framework lifter bar), where the head of the connecting element (91) is configured so that it does not rotate in the cavity of the structure (54) of the outer discharge grate lifter (150), and where the connecting element (91) is secured by at least one nut. The outer discharge grate (130) has a chamfered guide bushing insert (3D) in its upper portion and a short, smooth bushing insert (2B) in its lower portion.The outer discharger (110) has a seat (13) in its upper portion and a long, beveled guide bushing insert (3A) through its body (50). The beveled guide bushing insert (3D) and the short, smooth bushing insert (2B) in the outer discharge grate (130), and the long, beveled guide bushing insert (3A) in the outer discharger (110), allow the connecting object (91) to pass from the structure (54) to the outside of the discharge housing (603).

[0162] Fig. 20: is a detail of Fig. 19, another embodiment. It shows an embodiment where the external discharge grate lifter (150) has an insert (10), and where the connecting means object (91) is housed in the insert (10). The housing of the insert (10) is configured such that the connecting means object (91) does not rotate.

[0163] Fig. 21: This is also a detail of Fig. 19, another embodiment. It shows an embodiment where the external discharge grate lifter (150) has the connecting element (91) attached to a plate (51). In this case, the connecting element (91) is a rod threaded at both ends (stud bolts), and the end on the plate (51) has a nut that is fixed to these, thus preventing the connecting element (91) from rotating.

[0164] Fig. 22: This is also a detail of Fig. 19, another embodiment. The difference in this figure is that it shows the connection of the external discharge valve (110) with the combination, i.e., the external discharge grate (130) and the external discharge grate lifter (150) are fused together. An insert (10B) is located in the body (50) of the external discharge grate lifter (150) and is integral with the plate (51). A supplementary insert (11) is located on the connecting element (91).

[0165] Fig. 25 is a detail of Fig. 24, and Fig. 24 is the cross-section CC of Fig. 23, and Fig. 23 is the detail of Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, the longitudinal section is of a central lining (70) (shell plate and shell lifter bar) mounted on the central mill casing (602). In Fig. 25, a supplementary insert (11) is shown on the connecting element (91) housed in the central lining (70). The supplementary insert (11) is integral with the connecting element (91) and the central lining (70).

[0166] Fig. 26: shows an exploded view for installing or removing a perforated connector (9) in an access point (20). It shows an access point (20) in the external discharge tube (110) and, in the lower portion, a through-threaded internal bushing insert (1A). This through-threaded internal bushing insert (1A) has an access diameter (81), which is a lower surface closer to its coaxial axis. Also shown is a perforated connector (9) and a coupling (14) for a torque wrench (92).

[0167] Fig. 27: shows an exploded view for installing or removing a connecting element (90) in an access point (20). It shows an access point (20) in the external discharger (110) and, in the lower portion, a beveled guide bushing insert (3D) and, in the upper portion, a short, smooth bushing insert (2B), with a body (50) between them. Also shown is a connecting element (90) and an extension (15) for a torque wrench (92). Figures 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, and 27 are details showing an embodiment of composite material coatings, also called hybrid coatings, where rolled and coated steels, cast iron, elastomers, and polymers are used.

[0168] Figures 18, 23, 24 and 25 are details showing an application of steel casting material coatings.

[0169] Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 26 and 26 are details, showing in each coating and its realizations: a body (50), a plate (51), and a coating (52).

[0170] Figures 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 are details showing a mill lining (53) (rubber backing).

[0171] In all figures except Figures 23, 24 and 24, the lifting means, such as the lifting ears, have been omitted.

[0172] The term "solid," as used in this document, should be understood technically as a means of joining two or more components using various manufacturing techniques and production processes, such as welding, threading, and welding, complemented by a key or locking mechanism. In some implementations, this can be replaced by combining components and creating a casting or forging. In other applications, 3D printing of specially configured metals or polymers can be used on another component, which can then be machined, for example, by grinding or threading.

[0173] In this specification, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including" or similar terms are intended to mean a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a method, system or apparatus comprising a list of elements does not include only those elements, but may include other elements not listed.

[0174] Experts in the field will understand that the foregoing refers only to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the description of which focuses on the core of the system and methods, for which reason there are a number of details not shown and certainly omitted that mechanical technique allows today to be achieved without much effort, are normal engineering problems that are well known to experts in the field, and will not be explained in more detail in this document.

[0175] Experts in the field will also understand that the foregoing refers only to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is subject to modification without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined by the claims that follow.

Claims

CLAIMS: 1.- an assembly, devices and wear liners for external connection, for grinding equipment, such as: SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, continuous mills of one or more chambers; externally bolted wear liners, such as: liners in the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment, CHARACTERIZED in that an assembly of liners comprises a first liner and a second liner which comprise at least one bushing through which at least one connector passes inwards from the outside of the mill housing to connect to a threaded bushing in a third liner on the far side from the inner face of the grinding mill housing. 2.- an assembly, devices and wear liners for external connection, for grinding equipment, such as: SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, continuous mills of one or more chambers; externally bolted wear liners, such as: liners in the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment, CHARACTERIZED in that an assembly of liners comprises a first liner comprising at least one bushing through which at least one connector passes inwards from the outside of the mill housing to connect to a threaded bushing in a second liner on the far side from the inner face of the grinding mill housing. 3.- an assembly, devices and wear liners for external connection, for grinding equipment, such as: SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, continuous mills of one or more chambers; externally bolted wear liners, such as: liners on the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment, CHARACTERIZED in that an assembly of liners comprises a first liner comprising at least one bushing through which at least one connector passes inwards from the outside of the mill housing to connect to a threaded bushing in a second liner on the far side from the inner face of the equipment housing, and this in turn is combined to a third liner (for example, a grate plus a lifter).4.- an assembly, devices and wear liners for external connection, for grinding equipment, such as: SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, continuous mills of one or more chambers; externally bolted wear liners, such as: liners on the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment, CHARACTERIZED in that an assembly of liners comprises a first liner on the side furthest from the inner face of the equipment housing, where at least one housing is located from which a connector projects outwards, which passes through a second and a third liner comprising a bushing until connecting with the complement (for example, a nut) or complements of said connector on the outside of the grinding mill housing. 5.- an assembly, devices and wear linings for external connection, for grinding equipment, such as: SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, continuous mills of one or more chambers; externally bolted wear linings, such as: linings on the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment, CHARACTERIZED in that an assembly of linings comprises a first lining on the side furthest from the inner face of the equipment housing, where at least one housing is located from which a connector projects outwards which passes through a second lining comprising a bushing until connecting with the complement (for example, a nut) or complements of said connector on the outside of the grinding mill housing. 6.- an assembly, devices and wear liners for external connection, for grinding equipment, such as: SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, continuous mills of one or more chambers; externally bolted wear liners, such as: liners on the feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion of said grinding equipment, CHARACTERIZED in that an assembly of liners comprises a first liner on the side furthest from the inner face of the equipment housing, from where at least one housing is located from where a connector projects outwards which passes through a second liner comprising a bushing until connecting with the complement or complements of said connector on the outside of the mill housing, and where this first liner in turn is combined with a third liner (for example, a grate plus a lifter). 7.- a wear liner according to any of claims No. 1 to No. 3, CHARACTERIZED in that liners, such as: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connection plate (170) include at least one insert: a threaded bushing insert (1), and / or a threaded pin insert (8); for receiving an inwardly directed connecting object (90) (bolt, washer, sealing washer and / or nut) from the outside and securing it from the outside of the grinding mill housing. 8.- a wear liner according to any of claims No. 4 to No. 6, CHARACTERIZED in that liners, such as: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connection plate (170), include at least: an insert (10) and / or insert (10B); for housing an outwardly directed connecting means (91), such as: a “T” type bolt, a threaded rod and / or VF (oval head) bolts and securing it from the outside of the grinding mill housing. 9.- a wear lining according to any of claims No. 4 to No. 6, CHARACTERIZED in that linings, such as: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connection plate (170), include at least: a supplementary insert (11) and / or a supplementary insert (1 IB); which are located on the connecting object housing (91) in a lining. 10.- a wear liner according to any of claims No. 1 to No. 6, CHARACTERIZED in that liners, such as: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connection plate (170), include at least one bushing insert: (2) plain, (2B) short plain, (2C) long plain, (3) chamfered guide, (3A) long chamfered guide, (3B) chamfered guide, (3C) chamfered guide, and / or (3D) chamfered guide; so that an inwardly directed connecting object (90) (bolt, washer, sealing washer and / or nut) or an outwardly directed connecting object (91), such as: a “T” type bolt, a threaded rod and / or VF bolts (mill liner bolt), oval head bolts, can pass into said liners and secure them from the outside of the grinding mill housing. 11.- a wear liner according to any of claims No. 1 to No. 6, CHARACTERIZED in that liners, such as: an outer discharge grate lifter (150), an inner discharge grate lifter (160), an outer discharge grate (130), an inner discharge grate (140) and / or a cone connecting plate (170), include at least one seat (13) on the upper and / or lower surface of a first liner and receiving a subsequent liner. 12.- a device according to any of claims No 1 to No 6, CHARACTERIZED in that between each bushing or threaded bushing, or combination thereof, located at the base of any lining, includes at least one seat (16). 13.- a device according to any of claims No 1 to No 6, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes an access (20), such as a cavity that allows a connecting object (90) to pass inwards from the outside of the mill housing to any lining. 14.- a device according to any of claims No 1 to No 6, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes an internally threaded through bushing insert (1A) and / or a perforated connector (9).

15. A device according to any of claims 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED in that, for the installation or removal of the connecting means (90) and / or the connecting means (91), it includes an extension (15) for a torque wrench (92) (impact wrench).

16. A device according to any of claims 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED in that, for the installation or removal of the perforated connector (9), it includes a coupling (14) for a torque wrench (92) (impact wrench).

17. A method for installing and removing a lifter bar type cladding, according to any of claims 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes the following steps: Facility: a) on a grinding mill install a first mill lining by means of a connecting object (90); b) mounting a second mill lining over the first mill lining by means of a connecting object (90); c) mounting a third mill lining, a lifter-type lining, over the second mill lining, by means of a connecting object (90); d) if and only if access is found (20), use extension (15) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening wrench (impact wrench); e) if and only if, it is found with internally threaded bushing insert (1A) through, for connector (9) perforated, use coupling (14) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening (impact wrench); f) torque of object (90) means of connection as appropriate. Withdrawal: a) reverse the installation sequence; b) as necessary, use tools: bolt puller, nut cutter or torch (oxyacetylene).18.- a method for installing and removing a grate plate-type lining, according to any of claims No. 1 to No. 6, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes the following steps: Facility: a) on a grinding mill install a first mill lining by means of a connecting object (90); b) mounting a grid-type liner over the first mill liner by means of a connecting object (90); wherein the grid-type liner may or may not have a lifter; d) if and only if access is found (20), use extension (15) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening wrench (impact wrench); e) if and only if, it is found with internally threaded bushing insert (1A) through, for connector (9) perforated, use coupling (14) for object (92) torque wrench or tightening (impact wrench); f) torque of object (90) means of connection as appropriate. Withdrawal: a) reverse the installation sequence; b) as needed, use tools: bolt cutter, nut cutter or torch (oxyacetylene).

19. A method for lining a grinding equipment, according to any of claims No. 1 to No. 19, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes the following steps: a) provide one, several or a combination of coatings described in any of the preceding claims; b) mounting one, several or a combination of linings described in any of the preceding claims on the inner casing of the grinding equipment: feed, center, discharge, feed trunnion and discharge trunnion; c) optionally or alternatively, use the installation and removal method of the preceding claims.20.- a device according to claim No 13, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes an internally threaded bushing insert (5) and a bushing (6) with a seal housing (7). 21.- a device according to claim No. 13, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes a seal (17) peripheral protrusion in the outer lining (52) in the lining that is in contact with another lining, of a mill lining (53) of the mill housing, or any inner surface of the mill housing, such as: feed drum housing (601), center drum housing (602), discharge drum housing (603), feed trunnion (604) or discharge trunnion (605).

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