Aiot aware cell selection and barring
The AIoT configuration component in UEs facilitates efficient cell selection and reselection for AIoT devices, addressing power consumption and operational efficiency in wireless communication systems by utilizing ambient RF signals and backscattering techniques.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
Smart Images

Figure CN2025072983_23072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AIOT AWARE CELL SELECTION AND BARRINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications including cell selection and reselection for performing Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) operations. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (such as with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard.SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , the apparatus including: one or more memories storing executable instructions; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to execute the instructions to: receive one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell identifier (ID) , Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell; perform a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; and conduct one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.
[0006] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus including: means for receiving one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell ID, AIoT cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell; means for performing a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; and means for conducting one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.
[0007] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method of wireless communication at a UE including: receiving one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell ID, AIoT cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell; performing a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; and conducting one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.
[0008] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system including an access network.
[0010] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame.
[0011] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe.
[0012] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame.
[0013] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) in an access network.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing examples of AIoT topologies.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing examples of a wireless communication system for performing AIoT operations.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing examples of a wireless communication system for prioritizing cells for performing AIoT operations.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing examples of messaging flow between AIoT device (s) , UE, and an AIoT enabled base station.
[0020] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing examples of flow chart for cell selection and reselection of AIoT capable UEs.
[0021] FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an example method for cell selection and reselection for performing AIoT operations.
[0022] Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following description is directed to certain implementations for the purposes of describing the innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a multitude of different ways. Some of the examples in this disclosure are based on wireless and wired local area network (LAN) communication according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless standards, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standards, and the IEEE 1901 Powerline communication (PLC) standards. However, the described implementations may be implemented in any device, system or network that is capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to any of the wireless communication standards, including any of the IEEE 802.11 standards, the standard, code division multiple access (CDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) , Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) , Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) , Evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO) , 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) , Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , AMPS, or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless, cellular or internet of things (IoT) network, such as a system utilizing 3G, 4G or 5G, or further implementations thereof, technology.
[0024] An Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device may refer to a wireless device with relatively low power consumption. In some implementations, an AIoT device may be designed with a maximum coverage distance of 10-50 meters. An ambient IoT device may be intended to operate in a topology where a UE is an intermediate node under network control. The AIoT device may have no radio resource control (RRC) state, no cell mobility, and no hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) .
[0025] For example, the devices in AIoT are designed to operate using ambient radio frequency (RF) signals. These signals are not generated by the devices themselves but are incident signals from external sources, referred to as "Readers. " A UE Reader is a mobile device, such as a smartphone, tablet, or dedicated IoT device, that is capable of interacting with AIoT devices. A UE Reader acts as an intermediary between the IoT devices and the network. UE Readers are typically mobile and can move around, making them suitable for applications where proximity to IoT devices is required. UE Readers can be used in various environments, such as personal, industrial, or commercial settings, to collect data from IoT devices. UE Readers may perform some local processing of the data collected from IoT devices before transmitting it to the network. In some implementations, UE Readers are utilized where localized data collection is needed, such as in smart homes, retail environments, or personal health monitoring.
[0026] In an AIoT system, a base station (BS) Reader is a network element, typically integrated into a base station (e.g., gNodeB in 5G networks) , that communicates with AIoT devices. A BS Reader provides centralized control and processing capabilities. BS Readers are part of the fixed network infrastructure and provide centralized management of IoT communications. BS Readers cover larger areas compared to UE Readers, making them suitable for large-scale deployments. BS Readers are integrated into the existing network infrastructure, allowing for efficient data aggregation and processing. In some implementations, BS Readers are utilized for applications that require wide-area coverage and centralized data management, such as smart city deployments, industrial automation, and agricultural monitoring.
[0027] In an aspect, instead of generating their own signals, AIoT devices use a technique called backscattering. This involves reflecting the incident RF signals back to the Reader, modulating the reflection to encode data. This method is energy-efficient, as it reduces the need for active transmission.
[0028] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides structures for cell selection and reselection for performing AIoT operations. For instance, the cell selection and reselection may be performed by a device such as a user equipment (UE) , to receive one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell identifier (ID) , AIoT cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell; perform a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; and conduct one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.
[0029] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0030] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. The processor may include an interface or be coupled to an interface that can obtain or output signals. The processor may obtain signals via the interface and output signals via the interface. In some implementations, the interface may be a printed circuit board (PCB) transmission line. In some other implementations, the interface may include a wireless transmitter, a wireless transceiver, or a combination thereof. For example, the interface may include a radio frequency (RF) transceiver which can be implemented to receive or transmit signals, or both. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0031] Accordingly, in one or more example implementations, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media, which may be referred to as non-transitory computer-readable media. Non-transitory computer-readable media may exclude transitory signals. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0032] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100. The wireless communications system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) includes base stations 102, UEs 104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (such as a 5G Core (5GC) ) . The base stations 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The macrocells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. The base stations 102 can be configured in a Disaggregated RAN (D-RAN) or Open RAN (O-RAN) architecture, where functionality is split between multiple units such as a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or a radio unit (RU) . Such architectures may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is logically split between one or more units (such as one or more CUs and one or more DUs) . In some aspects, the CUs may be implemented within an edge RAN node, and in some aspects, one or more DUs may be co-located with a CU, or may be geographically distributed throughout one or multiple RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs.
[0033] A base station may include or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a transmit reception point (TRP) , or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or core network 190 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (such as a MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (such as a parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) . In some implementations, an AIoT device 106 may have a relatively low peak power consumption. For example, an AIoT device 106 may be a sensor, tag, or label. The AIoT device 106 may connect to a UE 104 via a wireless link 108. The UE 104 also may be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
[0034] In some implementations, one or more of the UEs 104 include an AIoT configuration component 140 configured to perform cell selection and reselection . The AIoT configuration component 140 includes an receiving component 142, a performing component 144, and a conducting component 146. The receiving component 142 is configured to receive one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from base station 102, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell ID, AIoT cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell. The performing component 144 is configured to perform a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE 104. The conducting component 146 is configured to conduct one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.
[0035] The base stations 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (such as S1 interface) , which may be wired or wireless. The base stations 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with core network 190 through second backhaul links 184, which may be wired or wireless. In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (such as handover, dual connectivity) , inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (such as through the EPC 160 or core network 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (such as X2 interface) . The third backhaul links 134 may be wired or wireless.
[0036] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network also may include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links 112 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include UL (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 or DL (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 112 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (such as 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (such as more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0037] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0038] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0039] The small cell 102' may operate in a licensed or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102', employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to or increase capacity of the access network.
[0040] A base station 102, whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (such as macro base station) , may include an eNB, gNodeB (gNB) , or other type of base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in one or more frequency bands within the electromagnetic spectrum.
[0041] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” (mmW) band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0042] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, or may be within the EHF band. Communications using the mmW radio frequency band have extremely high path loss and a short range. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the path loss and short range.
[0043] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a PS Streaming Service, or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0044] The core network 190 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to the IP Services 197. The IP Services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a PS Streaming Service, or other IP services.
[0045] Although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies including future 6G technologies.
[0046] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first frame. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second frame. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of a subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be FDD in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be TDD in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. A subset of the total cell bandwidth of a cell is referred to as a Bandwidth Part (BWP) and bandwidth adaptation is achieved by configuring the UE with BWP (s) and telling the UE which of the configured BWPs is currently the active one. In an aspect, a narrow bandwidth part (NBWP) refers to a BWP having a bandwidth less than or equal to a maximum configurable bandwidth of a BWP. The bandwidth of the NBWP is less than the carrier system bandwidth.
[0047] In the examples provided by Figs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 34 (with mostly UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 34, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI) . Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.
[0048] Other wireless communication technologies may have a different frame structure or different channels. A frame (10 milliseconds (ms) ) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms) . Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes also may include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot configuration. For slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols. The symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also referred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) . The number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration 0, different numerologies μ 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 5. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figs. 2A–2D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 microseconds (μs) .
[0049] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0050] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as Rx for one particular configuration, where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS also may include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0051] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a L1 identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a L1 cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the L1 identity and the L1 cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
[0052] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0053] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , or UCI.
[0054] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of a base station 310 and a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (such as MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (such as RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0055] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may be split into parallel streams. Each stream may be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (such as a pilot) in the time or frequency domain, and combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0056] At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0057] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0058] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (such as MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0059] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0060] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
[0061] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0062] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the AIoT configuration component 140 of FIG. 1. For example, the memory 360 may include executable instructions defining the AIoT configuration component 140. The TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 may be configured to execute the AIoT configuration component 140.
[0063] In some implementations, the UE 350 may operate as an intermediate device between the base station 310 and an AIoT device 380. At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the AIoT configuration component 140 of FIG. 1. For example, the memory 360 may include executable instructions defining the AIoT configuration component 120. The TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 may be configured to execute the AIoT configuration component 140.
[0064] The AIoT device 380 may be a wireless device configured for low-power transmissions. For example, the AIoT device 380 may be referred to as a type 1 device with approximately 1 μW peak power or a type 2 (2a or 2b) device with less than a few hundred μW peak power. The AIoT device 380 may include an antenna 382, a transceiver 384, a processor 386, and a memory 388. The memory 388 may store instructions for performing AIoT operations with UE 104, and the processor 386 may execute the instructions.
[0065] In some implementations, the AIoT device 380 is configured for ambient backscatter communications. The AIoT device 380 may derive its operational power from received ambient RF signals using a simple energy harvester circuit. The AIoT device 380 may communicate by absorption and reflection of RF signals. The AIoT device 380 may transmit by modulating reflection of incident RF signals rather than generating its own RF signals. For instance, to transmit, the transceiver 384 may receive (e.g., from the processor 386) a stream of ones and zeros and switch between a non-reflecting or absorption state and a reflecting state. To receive, the transceiver 384 may compare a received signal to a threshold to determine whether the received signal is high voltage state or low voltage.
[0066] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 400 architecture. The disaggregated base station 400 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 410 that can communicate directly with a core network 420 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 420 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 425 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 415 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 405, or both) . A CU 410 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 430 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 430 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 440 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 440 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 440.
[0067] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 410, the DUs 430, the RUs 440, as well as the Near-RT RICs 425, the Non-RT RICs 415 and the SMO Framework 405, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0068] In some aspects, the CU 410 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 410. The CU 410 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 410 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 410 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 430, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0069] The DU 430 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 440. In some aspects, the DU 430 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 430 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 430, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 410.
[0070] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 440. In some deployments, an RU 440, controlled by a DU 430, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 440 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 440 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 430. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 430 and the CU 410 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0071] The SMO Framework 405 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 405 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 405 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 490) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 410, DUs 430, RUs 440 and Near-RT RICs 425. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 405 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 411, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 405 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 440 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 405 also may include a Non-RT RIC 415 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 405.
[0072] The Non-RT RIC 415 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 425. The Non-RT RIC 415 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 425. The Near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 410, one or more DUs 430, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 425.
[0073] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 425, the Non-RT RIC 415 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 425 and may be received at the SMO Framework 405 or the Non-RT RIC 415 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 415 or the Near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 415 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 405 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0074] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing examples of AIoT topologies 500. For example, topology 1 502 corresponds to a base station or gNB-based Reader while topology 2 504 corresponds to a UE-based Reader for performing AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices. In an aspect, topology 1 502 illustrates a base station, such as base station 102, configured as a BS Reader, and communicating AIoT data or signaling 506 to one or more AIoT devices, such as AIoT device 106. This integration allows base station 102 to directly interact with AIoT devices, leveraging existing network infrastructure to manage and process the backscattered signals. The BS Reader-based approach may offer better coverage and centralized control, making it suitable for large-scale deployments.
[0075] In an aspect, topology 2 504 illustrates an intermediate node, such as UE 104, embedded with Reader functionality. For example, base station 102 may communicate with UE 104 which in turn may communicate AIoT data or signaling 506 with one or more AIoT devices, such as AIoT device 106. Topology 504 enables more localized and flexible interactions with AIoT devices, as UEs may be mobile and positioned closer to the devices. In some implementations, UE-based readers can facilitate personal or small-scale applications, where mobility and proximity are advantageous.
[0076] In an aspect, UE Readers, such as UE 104, may operate in RRC states including connected, idle, and inactive. UE Readers being able to operate in any of these states provides for flexibility in managing power consumption and network resources. This flexibility allows UE Readers to perform AIoT operations without needing to maintain a constant active connection, thus conserving battery life and reducing network load.
[0077] In some implementations, UE Readers, such as UE 104, may move and reselect to different cells while performing AIoT operations, which requires robust handover and reselection mechanisms to maintain continuous operation. UE 104 may include an AIoT configuration component 140 configured to perform cell selection and reselection with base station 102 and perform AIoT operations with AIoT device 106. AIoT configuration component 140 ensures that AIoT operations are not disrupted during cell reselection. AIoT operations may use dedicated frequencies like 700 MHz.
[0078] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system 600 for performing AIoT operations. For example, wireless communication system 600 includes a base station 102, UE 104, and a plurality of cells 1-10. Each cell is specifically configured to either be able to support AIoT operations or not, and certain other capabilities as described herein.
[0079] In an aspect, base station 102 may broadcast the "AIoT capability" of a cell using System Information Block 1 (SIB1) to manage and optimize AIoT operations within wireless communication system 600 . The cells 1-10 are categorized based on their support for different types of AIoT operations. By including AIoT capability information in SIB1, base station 102 may inform UEs, such as UE 104, about the specific AIoT operations supported by each cell. This information may be encoded as part of the existing SIB1 structure or as an extension.
[0080] In an example, cells 1 and 2 are configured to support AIoT operations exclusively through BS Readers via base station 102. Cell 3 may handle AIoT operations using both BS Readers and UE Readers. Cells 4, 5, 6, and 7 are designed to support AIoT operations solely through UE Readers. Cells 8 and 9 do not support any AIoT operations. Cell 10 supports AIoT operations only with UE Readers that have specific capabilities, such as acting as an intermediate node for certain devices. UEs may make informed decisions during cell reselection and handover processes, maintaining seamless AIoT operations even as they move across different network areas based on the which AIoT operations cells 1-10 support.
[0081] In an aspect, cells 1-10 may correspond to Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) , Standalone Non-Public Network (SNPN) , or Public Network Integrated Non-Public Network (PNI-NPN) . PLMN cells can be part of a standard public mobile network, providing wide-area coverage and support for AIoT operations. Cells in an SNPN are dedicated to private network operations, often used in industrial or enterprise environments for secure and controlled AIoT deployments. PNI-NPN cells can be part of a hybrid network model, integrating public and private network elements. They can be configured as Closed Access Group (CAG) or non-CAG cells, depending on access restrictions and network policies.
[0082] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system 700 for prioritizing cells for performing AIoT operations. For example, wireless communication system 700 includes UE 104, and a plurality of cells 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Each cell is specifically configured to either be able to support AIoT operations or not, and certain other capabilities as described herein.
[0083] In an aspect, UE 104 may include AIoT configuration component 140, which is configured to prioritize the cells for UE Reader reselection in the context of AIoT operations to optimize the performance and efficiency of IoT communications within a mobile network. Below are the technical details and implications of each proposal:
[0084] In an aspect, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may prioritize the cells based on AIoT support to ensure that UE 104 prioritizes cells that support AIoT operations over those that do not. For example, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may assign a lower priority to cells that do not support AIoT (e.g., cell 8) in the reselection algorithm ensuring that non-supporting cells are only selected when no other options are available.
[0085] In an aspect, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may prioritize based on frequency support. UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may prioritize selection and / or reselection to cells that operate on the same frequency as the serving cell for AIoT operations, enhancing continuity and reducing interference. For example, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may prioritize intra-frequency (intra-F) neighbors (e.g., cell 7) over inter-frequency (inter-F) neighbors (e.g., cell 6) in the reselection process. In some implementations, frequency support details may be included in SIBs, enabling UE Readers to assess and compare neighboring cells based on frequency compatibility, and to adjust reselection criteria to weigh frequency support heavily.
[0086] In an aspect, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may prioritize based on AIoT type support to ensure that UE Readers prioritize cells that support the same type of AIoT operations they are configured for. For example, SIBs may be used to broadcast the type of AIoT support (e.g., UE Reader vs. BS Reader) for each cell. UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may prioritize cells that match the UE Reader's AIoT type (e.g., cell 7 for UE Reader support) over cells that do not (e.g., cell 2 for BS Reader support) .
[0087] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing examples of messaging flow 800 between AIoT device (s) , UE, and an AIoT enabled base station. Messaging flow 800 involves a UE, such as UE 104 configured with AIoT configuration component 140, that is capable of performing AIoT operations with one or more AIoT device (s) , such as AIoT device 106, interacting with the network, such as base station 102, to select and reselect cells based on specific criteria related to AIoT capabilities.
[0088] For example, in Step 1 802, UE 104 may receive a list of supported cells from base station 102. SIB1 is used to broadcast essential information about the cell, including its cell ID, AIoT capabilities, any specific barring indicators for AIoT, and criteria for cell selection. The AIoT cell capability indicates whether a cell supports AIoT operations and the type of support (e.g., BS Reader, UE Reader) . The AIoT barring indicator corresponds to a specific barring indicator can be used to prevent certain UEs from accessing the cell for AIoT operations, ensuring that only compatible devices connect. The selection criteria may include parameters such as signal strength, frequency support, and AIoT type compatibility.
[0089] In Step 2 804, UE 104 may select a suitable cell. For example, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 assesses its own capabilities, such as whether it can function as an AIoT Reader, to determine the most suitable cell for camping. Based on the information received in SIB1 and its own capabilities, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 selects a cell that best matches its operational requirements.
[0090] In Step 3 806: UE 104 may perform AIoT operations. For example, once camped on the selected cell, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 begins performing AIoT operations with connected devices, such as AIoT device (s) 106, utilizing the cell's resources and capabilities. UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may engage in data exchange with AIoT devices, using techniques such as backscattering or direct communication, depending on the cell's support.
[0091] In Step 4 808, UE 104 may receive neighboring cell information. For example, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may receive a list of neighboring AIoT cells via a SIB3 / 4. SIB3 / 4 provides information about neighboring cells, including their AIoT capabilities and supported frequencies for reselection. The information includes details on whether neighboring cells operate on the same frequency (intra-F) or different frequencies (inter-F) .
[0092] In Step 5 810, UE 104 may reselect to a suitable cell. For example, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 evaluates the information from SIB1 and SIB3 / 4, along with its own capabilities, to determine the most suitable neighboring cell for reselection. The reselection process is designed to be seamless, ensuring that AIoT operations are not disrupted during the transition to a new cell.
[0093] In Step 6 812, UE 104 may continue AIoT operations. For example, after reselection, the UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 continues its AIoT operations with connected devices 106, leveraging the capabilities of the new cell. UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may need to adapt its operations based on the new cell's specific AIoT capabilities and frequency support. By selecting and reselecting cells based on AIoT capabilities, the UE ensures optimal connectivity and performance for AIoT operations. The use of specific barring indicators and selection criteria helps manage network resources efficiently, preventing congestion and ensuring that only compatible UEs access AIoT-supporting cells. The ability to seamlessly reselect cells based on detailed information about neighboring cells enhances mobility management, allowing UEs to maintain continuous AIoT operations even as they move across different network areas.
[0094] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing examples of a flow chart 1000 for cell selection and reselection of AIoT capable UEs. For example, flow chart 900 involves a UE, such as UE 104 configured with AIoT configuration component 140, that is capable of performing AIoT operations with one or more AIoT device (s) , such as AIoT device 106, interacting with the network, such as base station 102, to select and reselect cells based on specific criteria related to AIoT capabilities.
[0095] In an aspect, at Step 902, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may receive a master information block (MIB) from base station 102 with corresponding cell information including CellBarred status of a cell to potentially select. If UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 determines that the CellBarred status is No, then at Step 904, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 determines if the cell is suitable. Suitability of the cell is determined based on a number of criteria including, but not limited to, whether the cell supports AIoT operations or not. This is crucial for UEs to determine the suitability of a cell for AIoT activities.
[0096] At Step 904, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may determine if it is AIoT capable. If no, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may camp on a non-AIoT supporting cell in Step 908. If the determination is yes, then at Step 910, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may determine whether the CellBarred-AIoT status in SIB1 is yes or no. If not, then flowchart 900 returns to step 904. If yes, at Step 912, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may determine whether the cell is an AIoT cell. If not, then flowchart 900 returns to step 904. If yes, at Step 914, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may camp on to the AIoT supporting cell and perform AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices 106.
[0097] FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an example method 1000 for cell selection and reselection for performing AIoT operations. The method 1000 may be performed by a UE (such as the UE 104, which may include the memory 360 and which may be the entire UE 104 or a component of the UE 104 such as the AIoT configuration component 140, TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, or the controller / processor 359) . The method 1000 may be performed by the AIoT configuration component 140 in communication with one or more base stations 102, other UEs, or an AIoT device 106. Optional blocks are shown with dashed lines.
[0098] At block 1010, the method 1000 includes receiving one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell ID, AIoT cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell. In some implementations, for example, the UE 104, the RX processor 356 or the controller / processor 359 may execute the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 to receive one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell ID, AIoT cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell. In some implementations, the one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of the set of cells is included in a SIB.. In some implementations, the AIoT cell capability indicates whether the cell supports the one or more AIoT operations. In some implementations, the AIoT cell capability indicates AIoT resource allocation supported in the cell including at least one of a dynamic or semi static resource allocation or a shared or dedicated resource pool for at least one of the UE and the one or more AIoT devices. In some implementations, The method of claim 3, wherein the AIoT cell capability is implicitly indicated based on determining that the cell supporting a shared resource pool if the UE receives one or more AIoT resources via a SIB. In some implementations, the one or more cell selection parameters includes an AIoT specific barring indicator that indicates whether the cell is barred or not barred from conducting the one or more AIoT operations. In some implementations, the AIoT cell capability include network entity-side reader only, UE-side reader only, network entity-side reader and UE-side reader, or alternative capability readers. Accordingly, the UE 104, the RX processor 356, or the controller / processor 359 executing the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 may provide means for receiving one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell ID, AIoT cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell.
[0099] At block 1020, the method 1000 includes performing a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE. In some implementations, for example, the UE 104, the TX processor 368 or the controller / processor 359 may execute the AIoT configuration component 140 or the performing component 144 to perform a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE. In some implementations, the AIoT specific criteria includes one or more parameters for determining a priority score for each cell of the set of cells when performing the cell selection procedure. In some implementations, the one or more parameters include at least one of geographic location of the UE, speed of the UE, height of the UE, AIoT operations support status of the cell, signal quality power level of the cell, one or more frequencies supported by the cell, AIoT reader functionality type, or an estimated number of AIoT devices camped on the cell. In some implementations, performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: generating the priority score for each cell in the set of cells based the one or more parameters for each cell in the set of cells; determining the cell from the set of cells with a highest priority score compared to the priority score for each cell in the set of cells; and performing the cell selection procedure to the cell from the set of cells with the highest priority score. In some implementations, performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: generating the priority score for each cell in the set of cells based on the one or more parameters for each cell in the set of cells;
[0100] determining the cell from the set of cells with a highest priority score compared to the priority score for each cell in the set of cells; and performing the cell selection procedure to the cell from the set of cells with the highest priority score. In some implementations, performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: identifying a number of estimated AIoT devices operating within each cell of the set of cells; determining whether the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within each cell of the set of cells exceeds a threshold; adjusting the priority score for each cell based on the determining whether the number of estimated AIoT devices operating exceeds the threshold, wherein the priority score for the cell increases based on the determination that the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within the cell exceeds the threshold and the priority score for the cell decreases based on the determination that the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within the cell fails to exceed the threshold. In some implementations, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may be configured for transmitting the one or more parameters for determining the priority score to the network entity. In some implementations, performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: determining that the AIoT operations support status of the cell indicates support for the one or more AIoT operations and that the signal quality level of the cell is less than the signal quality level of a neighboring non-AIoT supporting cell; and selecting the cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the determination that the AIoT operations support status of the cell indicates support for the one or more AIoT operations and that the signal quality level of the cell is less than the signal quality level of the neighboring non-AIoT supporting cell. In some implementations, performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: determining whether a legacy cell selection criteria (Scriteria) of the cell is satisfied, wherein the S criteria corresponds to a cell selection criterion based on a combination of received signal strength (RxLev) and signal quality (Qual) , and wherein the cell is considered suitable for selection if both RxLev and Qual meet a certain minimum threshold; selecting the cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE after determining that the S criteria of the cell is satisfied. Accordingly, the UE 104, the TX processor 368, or the controller / processor 359 executing the AIoT configuration component 140 or the performing component 144 may provide means for performing a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE.
[0101] At block 1030, the method 1000 includes conducting one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure. In some implementations, for example, the UE 104, the RX processor 356 or the controller / processor 359 may execute the AIoT configuration component 140 or the conducting component 146 to conduct one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure. Accordingly, the UE 104, the RX processor 356, or the controller / processor 359 executing the AIoT configuration component 140 or the conducting component 146 may provide means for conducting one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.
[0102] In some implementations, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may be configured for determining whether the UE supports one or more AIoT reader functionalities, wherein the one or more AIoT reader functionalities corresponds a capability to perform the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices; determining whether one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the cell are a same type as one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the UE; and barring the UE from performing the cell selection procedure to the cell based at least in part on the determination that the UE does not support the one or more AIoT reader functionalities and the determination that the one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the cell are not of the same type as the one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the UE 104.
[0103] In some implementations, UE 104 and / or AIoT configuration component 140 may be configured for determining whether the cell corresponds to a legacy cell, wherein the legacy cell does not support the one or more AIoT operations; barring the UE 104 from performing the cell selection procedure to the cell based at least in part on the determination that the cell corresponds to the legacy cell.
[0104] At block 1040, the method 1000 optionally includes receiving one or more cell reselection parameters for each cell of a set of neighboring AIoT cells from the network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include supported frequencies for intra-frequency reselection or inter-frequency reselection for each cell of the set of neighboring AIoT cells. In some implementations, for example, the UE 104, the RX processor 356 or the controller / processor 359 may execute the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 to receive one or more cell reselection parameters for each cell of a set of neighboring AIoT cells from the network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include supported frequencies for intra-frequency reselection or inter-frequency reselection for each cell of the set of neighboring AIoT cells. Accordingly, the UE 104, the RX processor 356, or the controller / processor 359 executing the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 may provide means for receiving one or more cell reselection parameters for each cell of a set of neighboring cells from the network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include supported frequencies for intra-frequency reselection or inter-frequency reselection for each cell of the set of neighboring cells.
[0105] At block 1050, the method 1000 optionally includes performing a cell reselection procedure to a second cell among the set of neighboring cells based on the one or more cell reselection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE. In some implementations, for example, the UE 104, the TX processor 368, or the controller / processor 359 may execute the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 to perform a cell reselection procedure to a second cell among the set of neighboring cells based on the one or more cell reselection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE. Accordingly, the UE 104, the the TX processor 368, or the controller / processor 359 executing the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 may provide means for performing a cell reselection procedure to a second cell among the set of neighboring cells based on the one or more cell reselection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE.
[0106] At block 1060, the method 1000 optionally includes conducting the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices on the second cell after performing the cell reselection procedure to the second cell. In some implementations, for example, the UE 104, the RX processor 356 or the controller / processor 359 may execute the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 to conduct the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices on the second cell after performing the cell reselection procedure to the second cell. Accordingly, the UE 104, the RX processor 356, or the controller / processor 359 executing the AIoT configuration component 140 or the receiving component 142 may provide means for conducting the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices on the second cell after performing the cell reselection procedure to the second cell.
[0107] The following numbered clauses provide an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0108] Clause 1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell identifier (ID) , Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell; performing a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; and conducting one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.
[0109] Clause 2. The apparatus of clause 1, wherein the one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of the set of cells is included in a System Information Block (SIB) .
[0110] Clause 3. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the AIoT cell capability indicates whether the cell supports the one or more AIoT operations.
[0111] Clause 4. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the AIoT cell capability indicates AIoT resource allocation supported in the cell including at least one of a dynamic or semi static resource allocation or a shared or dedicated resource pool for at least one of the UE and the one or more AIoT devices.
[0112] Clause 5. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the AIoT cell capability is implicitly indicated based on determining that the cell supporting a shared resource pool if the UE receives one or more AIoT resources via a System Information Block (SIB) .
[0113] Clause 6. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the one or more cell selection parameters includes an AIoT specific barring indicator that indicates whether the cell is barred or not barred from conducting the one or more AIoT operations.
[0114] Clause 7. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the AIoT specific criteria includes one or more parameters for determining a priority score for each cell of the set of cells when performing the cell selection procedure.
[0115] Clause 8. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: generating the priority score for each cell in the set of cells based on the one or more parameters for each cell in the set of cells; determining the cell from the set of cells with a highest priority score compared to the priority score for each cell in the set of cells; and performing the cell selection procedure to the cell from the set of cells with the highest priority score.
[0116] Clause 9. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: identifying a number of estimated AIoT devices operating within each cell of the set of cells; determining whether the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within each cell of the set of cells exceeds a threshold; adjusting the priority score for each cell based on the determining whether the number of estimated AIoT devices operating exceeds the threshold, wherein the priority score for the cell increases based on the determination that the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within the cell exceeds the threshold and the priority score for the cell decreases based on the determination that the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within the cell fails to exceed the threshold.
[0117] Clause 10. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, further comprising transmitting the one or more parameters for determining the priority score to the network entity.
[0118] Clause 11. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of geographic location of the UE, speed of the UE, height of the UE, AIoT status of the cell, signal power level of the cell, one or more frequencies supported by the cell, AIoT type, or an estimated number of AIoT devices camped on the cell.
[0119] Clause 12 . The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: determining that the AIoT operations support status of the cell indicates support for the one or more AIoT operations and that the signal quality level of the cell is less than the signal quality level of a neighboring non-AIoT supporting cell; and selecting the cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the determination that the AIoT operations support status of the cell indicates support for the one or more AIoT operations and that the signal quality level of the cell is less than the signal quality level of the neighboring non-AIoT supporting cell.
[0120] Clause 13. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises: determining whether a legacy cell selection criteria (Scriteria) of the cell is satisfied, wherein the S criteria corresponds to a cell selection criterion based on a combination of received signal strength (RxLev) and signal quality (Qual) , and wherein the cell is considered suitable for selection if both RxLev and Qual meet a certain minimum threshold; selecting the cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE after determining that the S criteria of the cell is satisfied.
[0121] Clause 14. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, further comprising: receiving a one or more cell reselection parameters for each cell of a set of neighboring cells from the network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include supported frequencies for intra-frequency reselection or inter-frequency reselection for each cell of the set of neighboring cells; performing a cell reselection procedure to a second cell of the set of neighboring cells based on the one or more cell reselection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE; and conducting the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices on the second cell in response to performing the cell reselection procedure to the second cell.
[0122] Clause 15. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the one or more cell reselection parameters for each cell of the set of neighboring cells is included in a System Information Block Type (SIB) .
[0123] Clause 16. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, wherein the AIoT cell capability includes whether the cell supports network entity-side reader only, UE-side reader only, network entity-side reader and UE-side reader, or readers with certain capabilities.
[0124] Clause 17. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, further comprising: determining whether the UE supports one or more AIoT reader functionalities, wherein the one or more AIoT reader functionalities corresponds a capability to perform the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices; determining whether one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the cell are a same type as one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the UE; and barring the UE from performing the cell selection procedure to the cell based at least in part on the determination that the UE does not support the one or more AIoT reader functionalities and the determination that the one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the cell are not of the same type as the one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the UE.
[0125] Clause 18. The apparatus of any of preceding clauses, further comprising: determining whether the cell corresponds to a legacy cell, wherein the legacy cell does not support the one or more AIoT operations; barring the UE from performing the cell selection procedure to the cell based at least in part on the determination that the cell corresponds to the legacy cell.
[0126] Clause 19. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of clauses 1-18.
[0127] Clause 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of clauses 1-19.
[0128] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.
[0129] The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm processes described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been described generally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0130] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some implementations, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0131] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents thereof, or in any combination thereof. Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification also can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a computer storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.
[0132] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. The processes of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module which may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection can be properly termed a computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and instructions on a machine readable medium and computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0133] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
[0134] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, the terms “upper” and “lower” are sometimes used for ease of describing the figures, and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the figure on a properly oriented page, and may not reflect the proper orientation of any device as implemented.
[0135] Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations also can be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation also can be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0136] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one more example processes in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results.
Claims
1.A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell identifier (ID) , Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, or AIoT specific criteria for each cell;performing a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; andconducting one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after performing the cell selection procedure.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of the set of cells is included in a System Information Block (SIB) .3.The method of claim 1, wherein the AIoT cell capability indicates whether the cell supports the one or more AIoT operations.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the AIoT cell capability indicates AIoT resource allocation supported in the cell including at least one of a dynamic or semi static resource allocation or a shared or dedicated resource pool for at least one of the UE and the one or more AIoT devices.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the AIoT cell capability is implicitly indicated based on determining that the cell supporting a shared resource pool if the UE receives one or more AIoT resources via a System Information Block (SIB) .6.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more cell selection parameters includes an AIoT specific barring indicator that indicates whether the cell is barred or not barred from conducting the one or more AIoT operations.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the AIoT specific criteria includes one or more parameters for determining a priority score for each cell of the set of cells when performing the cell selection procedure.8.The method of claim 7, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises:generating the priority score for each cell in the set of cells based on the one or more parameters for each cell in the set of cells;determining the cell from the set of cells with a highest priority score compared to the priority score for each cell in the set of cells; andperforming the cell selection procedure to the cell from the set of cells with the highest priority score.9.The method of claim 7, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises:identifying a number of estimated AIoT devices operating within each cell of the set of cells;determining whether the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within each cell of the set of cells exceeds a threshold;adjusting the priority score for each cell based on the determining whether the number of estimated AIoT devices operating exceeds the threshold, wherein the priority score for the cell increases based on the determination that the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within the cell exceeds the threshold and the priority score for the cell decreases based on the determination that the number of estimated AIoT devices operating within the cell fails to exceed the threshold.10.The method of claim 7, further comprising transmitting the one or more parameters for determining the priority score to the network entity.11.The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of geographic location of the UE, speed of the UE, height of the UE, AIoT operations support status of the cell, signal quality level of the cell, one or more frequencies supported by the cell, AIoT reader functionality type, or an estimated number of AIoT devices camped on the cell.12.The method of claim 11, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises:determining that the AIoT operations support status of the cell indicates support for the one or more AIoT operations and that the signal quality level of the cell is less than the signal quality level of a neighboring non-AIoT supporting cell; andselecting the cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the determination that the AIoT operations support status of the cell indicates support for the one or more AIoT operations and that the signal quality level of the cell is less than the signal quality level of the neighboring non-AIoT supporting cell.13.The method of claim 1, wherein performing the cell selection procedure for the cell further comprises:determining whether a legacy cell selection criteria (Scriteria) of the cell is satisfied, wherein the S criteria corresponds to a cell selection criterion based on a combination of received signal strength (RxLev) and signal quality (Qual) , and wherein the cell is considered suitable for selection if both RxLev and Qual meet a certain minimum threshold;selecting the cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE after determining that the S criteria of the cell is satisfied.14.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving one or more cell reselection parameters for each cell of a set of neighboring cells from the network entity, the one or more cell reselection parameters include supported frequencies for intra-frequency reselection or inter-frequency reselection for each cell of the set of neighboring cells;performing a cell reselection procedure to a second cell among the set of neighboring cells based on the one or more cell reselection parameters and the one or more capability parameters of the UE; andconducting the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices on the second cell after performing the cell reselection procedure to the second cell.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more cell reselection parameters for each cell of the set of neighboring cells is included in a System Information Block16.The method of claim 1, wherein the AIoT cell capability includes whether the cell supports network entity-side reader only, UE-side reader only, network entity-side reader and UE-side reader, or readers with certain capabilities.17.The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining whether the UE supports one or more AIoT reader functionalities, wherein the one or more AIoT reader functionalities corresponds a capability to perform the one or more AIoT operations with the one or more AIoT devices;determining whether one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the cell are a same type as one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the UE; andbarring the UE from performing the cell selection procedure to the cell based at least in part on the determination that the UE does not support the one or more AIoT reader functionalities and the determination that the one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the cell are not of the same type as the one or more AIoT reader functionalities of the UE.18.The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining whether the cell corresponds to a legacy cell, wherein the legacy cell does not support the one or more AIoT operations;barring the UE from performing the cell selection procedure to the cell based at least in part on the determination that the cell corresponds to the legacy cell.19.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:a transceiver;a memory; andone or more processors coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors and the memory are configured to:receive a one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell identifier (ID) , Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, and AIoT specific criteria for each cell;perform a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; andconduct one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after to performing the cell selection procedure.20.An apparatus of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:means for receiving a one or more cell selection parameters for each cell of a set of cells from a network entity, the one or more cell selection parameters include at least one of a cell identifier (ID) , Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) cell capability, AIoT specific barring indicator, and AIoT specific criteria for each cell;means for performing a cell selection procedure for a cell from the set of cells based at least in part on the one or more cell selection parameters and one or more capability parameters of the UE; andmeans for conducting one or more AIoT operations with one or more AIoT devices on the cell after to performing the cell selection procedure.