Wireless communication method and apparatus, device, and storage medium

Abstract

A wireless communication method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium, relating to the technical field of communications. The method is executed by an A-IoT device. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a D2R message, wherein the D2R message is transmitted after a first signal is modulated, the first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal by a square wave signal, the baseband signal is composed of one or more baseband symbols, and the baseband symbols are generated on the basis of data bits (1010). Provided is a method for implementing MMS coding during transmission of the D2R message by the A-IoT device. The MMS coding has rich clock information and good anti-interference capability, and is applicable to various industrial and logistics application scenarios. By means of the method, FDMA for a plurality of A-IoT devices can be implemented, and the plurality of A-IoT devices can simultaneously transmit Msg1, Msg3, and data in an FDMA mode, thereby improving access efficiency and resource utilization of an A-IoT system device.

Description

Wireless communication methods, apparatus, devices and storage media Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a wireless communication method, apparatus, device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing industry applications of 5G (5th Generation mobile communication), the types of connected devices and application scenarios are also expanding, placing higher demands on A-IoT (Ambient Internet of Things) devices, leading to increasingly in-depth discussions on A-IoT devices. Among related technologies, the coding method used in D2R (Device to Reader) transmission can utilize the MMS coding method from RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). However, how to implement MMS (Miller-Modulated Subcarrier) coding in A-IoT systems requires further discussion and research. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a wireless communication method, apparatus, device, and storage medium. The technical solution is as follows:

[0004] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a wireless communication method is provided, the method being executed by an A-IoT device, the method comprising:

[0005] Send a D2R message, which is a first signal modulated and sent. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a wireless communication method is provided, the method being executed by a reader / writer device, the method comprising:

[0007] Receive a D2R message, which is a first signal modulated and sent. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

[0008] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a wireless communication device is provided, the device comprising:

[0009] The transmitting module is used to transmit D2R messages, which are transmitted after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

[0010] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a wireless communication device is provided, the device comprising:

[0011] A receiving module is used to receive D2R messages, which are transmitted after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

[0012] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication device is provided, the communication device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the above-described wireless communication method. The communication device is an A-IoT device, or the communication device is a reader / writer.

[0013] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program for execution by a processor to implement the above-described wireless communication method.

[0014] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a chip is provided, the chip including programmable logic circuits and / or program instructions, which, when the chip is running, are used to implement the above-described wireless communication method.

[0015] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor reading from the computer-readable storage medium and executing the computer instructions to implement the above-described wireless communication method.

[0016] The technical solutions provided in this application embodiment may have the following beneficial effects:

[0017] A method for implementing MMS encoding when A-IoT devices send D2R messages in an A-IoT system is provided. MMS encoding has rich clock information and good anti-interference ability, and is suitable for various industrial and logistics application scenarios.

[0018] In addition, this method can realize FDMA for multiple A-IoT devices. Multiple A-IoT devices can simultaneously send Msg 1, Msg 3, and data through FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), thereby improving the access efficiency and resource utilization of A-IoT system devices. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a zero-power system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the radio frequency energy harvesting principle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of two topologies in A-IoT provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the Miller basis functions provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the Miller signal state provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a Miller subcarrier sequence provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 10 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an XOR operation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a random access procedure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an encoded signal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the encoded signal of an A-IoT device with only backscatter capability implementing FDMA according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the coded signal of an A-IoT device with active transmission capability implementing FDMA according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 16 is a block diagram of a wireless communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 17 is a block diagram of a wireless communication device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture 100 provided in one embodiment of this application. The network architecture 100 may include: a terminal device 10, an access network device 20, and a core network element 30.

[0039] Terminal device 10 can refer to UE (User Equipment), STA (Station), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, wireless communication device, user agent, or user equipment. In some embodiments, terminal device 10 can also be a cellular phone, cordless phone, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) phone, WLL (Wireless Local Loop) station, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, terminal device in 5GS (5th Generation System), or terminal device in the future evolved PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network), etc., and this application embodiment is not limited to these. For ease of description, the devices mentioned above are collectively referred to as terminal devices. The number of terminal devices 10 is usually multiple, and one or more terminal devices 10 can be distributed within the cell managed by each access network device 20. Terminal equipment can also be simply referred to as terminal or UE, the meaning of which can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0040] Access network device 20 is a device deployed in an access network to provide wireless communication functionality to terminal device 10. Access network device 20 may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, APs (Access Points), etc. In systems employing different wireless access technologies, the name of the device with access network device functionality may differ; for example, in a 5G NR (New Radio) system, it is called gNodeB or gNB (Next Generation Node B). As communication technologies evolve, the name "access network device" may change. For ease of description, in this embodiment, the aforementioned devices providing wireless communication functionality to terminal device 10 are collectively referred to as access network devices. In some embodiments, a communication relationship can be established between terminal device 10 and core network element 30 through access network device 20. For example, in an LTE (Long Term Evolution) system, access network device 20 can be one or more eNodeBs within an EUTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network); in a 5G NR system, access network device 20 can be one or more gNBs within a RAN (Radio Access Network). In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, "network device" refers to access network device 20, such as a base station.

[0041] Core network element 30 is a network element deployed in the core network. Its main functions are to provide user connectivity, manage users, and bear services, serving as an interface to external networks. For example, core network elements in a 5G NR system may include AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) entities, UPF (User Plane Function) entities, and SMF (Session Management Function) entities.

[0042] In some embodiments, the access network device 20 and the core network element 30 communicate with each other via some air interface technology, such as the NG interface in a 5G NR system. The access network device 20 and the terminal device 10 communicate with each other via some air interface technology, such as the Uu interface.

[0043] The "5G NR system" in this application embodiment can also be referred to as a 5G system or an NR system, but those skilled in the art will understand its meaning. The technical solutions described in this application embodiment can be applied to LTE systems, 5G NR systems, and subsequent evolution systems of 5G NR systems (such as B5G (Beyound 5G) systems, 6G systems (6th Generation System), and other communication systems such as NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) systems. This application does not limit these applications.

[0044] In this embodiment, the network device can provide services to a cell. The terminal device communicates with the network device through the transmission resources (e.g., frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources) on the carrier used by the cell. The cell can be the cell corresponding to the network device (e.g., a base station). The cell can belong to a macro base station or to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell can include: metro cell, micro cell, pico cell, femto cell, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage area and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0045] Before introducing the technical solution of this application, some related technical knowledge involved in this application will be introduced and explained. The following related technologies are optional solutions and can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0046] I. Zero-power technology principle

[0047] In recent years, the application of zero-power devices has become increasingly widespread. During standardization discussions, zero-power IoT can also be referred to as Ambient Power Enabled IoT or Ambient IoT, or simply Ambient IoT (Ambient Energy IoT). Some technical literature also refers to it as passive IoT. Ambient IoT devices refer to IoT devices that use various environmental energy sources, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power themselves. These devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using capacitors with a capacitance of tens of microseconds). Compared to existing IoT devices, Ambient IoT devices have many advantages, including no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long lifespan.

[0048] Zero-power communication employs energy harvesting and backscatter communication technologies. A zero-power communication network consists of network devices (also called readers) and zero-power devices, as shown in Figure 2. The network devices send wireless power signals and downlink communication signals to the zero-power devices and receive backscatter signals from them. A basic zero-power device includes an energy harvesting module, a backscatter communication module, and a low-power computing module. Furthermore, the zero-power device may also have a memory or sensor to store basic information (such as object identification) or acquire sensor data such as ambient temperature and humidity.

[0049] 1. Key technologies for zero-power communication mainly include radio frequency energy harvesting and backscatter communication.

[0050] 1) Radio Frequency Power Harvesting

[0051] As shown in Figure 3, the radio frequency energy harvesting module harvests electromagnetic wave energy from space based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, thereby obtaining the energy required to drive zero-power devices, such as driving low-power demodulation and modulation modules, sensors, and memory reading. Therefore, zero-power devices do not require traditional batteries.

[0052] 2) Backscattering communication

[0053] As shown in Figure 4, the zero-power communication terminal receives wireless signals sent by the network, modulates the wireless signals, loads the information to be transmitted, and radiates the modulated signal from the antenna. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Backscatter and load modulation are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the zero-power device's oscillation circuit according to the data stream's rhythm, causing parameters such as the electronic tag's impedance to change accordingly, thus completing the modulation process. Load modulation technology mainly includes two methods: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor is switched on or off based on the control of the binary data stream, as shown in Figure 5. The switching on and off of the resistor causes a change in the circuit voltage, thus realizing amplitude shift keying (ASK), that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the backscatter signal from the zero-power device. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the resonant frequency of the circuit can be changed by switching the capacitor on and off, realizing frequency shift keying (FSK). That is, the modulation and transmission of the signal is achieved by adjusting the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of the zero-power device.

[0054] As can be seen, zero-power devices modulate the incoming signal using load modulation, thereby achieving backscatter communication. Therefore, zero-power devices have significant advantages:

[0055] (1) The terminal does not actively transmit signals, so it does not need complex radio frequency links, such as PA (Power Amplifier), radio frequency filters, etc.;

[0056] (2) The terminal does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, therefore it does not need a high-frequency crystal oscillator;

[0057] (3) With the help of backscatter communication, the terminal signal transmission does not require the terminal's own energy to be consumed.

[0058] 2. Application scenarios of zero-power communication

[0059] Zero-power communication (ZHW) has significant advantages such as extremely low cost, zero power consumption, and small size, and can be widely used in various industries, such as logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, and industrial internet for vertical industries; it can also be used in personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

[0060] 3. Classification of zero-power devices

[0061] Based on the energy source and usage method of zero-power devices, zero-power devices can be classified into the following types:

[0062] 1) Passive zero-power devices

[0063] Zero-power devices do not require an internal battery. When a zero-power device approaches a network device (such as a reader in an RFID system), it falls within the near-field range of the network device's antenna radiation. Therefore, the zero-power device's antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the device's low-power chip circuitry. This circuitry demodulates the forward link signal (downlink, from the network device to the zero-power device) and modulates the backward link signal (uplink, from the zero-power device to the network device). For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0064] As can be seen, passive zero-power devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link, making them truly zero-power devices.

[0065] Passive zero-power devices do not require batteries, and their radio frequency and baseband circuits are very simple. For example, they do not require LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), PA (Power Amplifier), crystal oscillator, ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), etc. Therefore, they have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0066] 2) Semi-passive zero-power devices

[0067] Semi-passive zero-power devices do not have conventional batteries installed, but they can harvest radio wave energy using RF energy harvesting modules, or harvest energy using solar / photovoltaic / thermal / kinetic energy harvesting modules, storing the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). Once the energy storage unit receives energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device, enabling demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0068] As can be seen, semi-passive zero-power devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link. Although they use energy stored in capacitors during operation, the energy comes from the radio energy collected by the energy harvesting module, making them a true zero-power device.

[0069] Semi-passive zero-power devices inherit many advantages of passive zero-power devices, and therefore have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0070] 3) Active zero-power devices

[0071] In some scenarios, zero-power devices can also be active zero-power devices. These terminals can have a built-in battery (a conventional battery, such as a dry cell battery or a rechargeable lithium battery). The battery powers the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device, enabling demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the backward link signal. However, for the backscatter link, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit the signal. Therefore, the zero power consumption of this type of terminal is mainly reflected in the fact that the signal transmission of the backward link does not require the terminal's own power, but instead uses backscattering. Although active zero-power devices use batteries, their power consumption is extremely low due to ultra-low power communication sampling technology, thus significantly improving battery life compared to existing technologies.

[0072] Active zero-power devices use a built-in battery to power the RFID chip, increasing the tag's read / write distance and improving communication reliability. Therefore, they are used in scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance and read latency.

[0073] Based on transmitter type, zero-power devices can be categorized as follows:

[0074] As is well known, the business types of zero-power IoT, along with other IoT business types, will primarily focus on upstream services. Therefore, based on the way zero-power terminals transmit data, they can be categorized as follows:

[0075] 1) Zero-power devices based on backscattering

[0076] These zero-power devices transmit uplink data using the backscattering method described above. These devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only a backscattering transmitter. Therefore, when this type of terminal transmits data, a network device needs to provide a carrier wave, and the terminal device uses this carrier wave for backscattering to achieve data transmission.

[0077] 2) Zero-power devices based on active transmitters

[0078] These zero-power devices use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink data transmission. Therefore, when sending data, these devices can transmit data using their own active transmitters without requiring a carrier wave from network equipment. Suitable active transmitters for zero-power devices include, for example, ultra-low-power ASK or ultra-low-power FSK transmitters. Based on current implementations, these transmitters can reduce overall power consumption to 400–600 µW when transmitting a 100 µW signal.

[0079] 3) Zero-power devices that simultaneously feature backscattering and active transmitters.

[0080] These terminals can support both backscatter and active transmitters. The terminal can determine which uplink signal transmission method to use based on different conditions (such as battery level and available ambient energy) or the scheduling of network devices: whether to use backscatter or active transmitter for active transmission.

[0081] II. Cellular Passive Internet of Things

[0082] Cellular IoT is booming, with 3GPP standardizing technologies such as NB-IoT, MTC (Manual Toll Collection system), and RedCap (Reduced Capability). However, many IoT communication needs in various scenarios cannot be met using existing technologies, for example:

[0083] - Harsh communication environment

[0084] Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high-voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in frigid regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT terminals will be unable to function due to the limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme working environments are also detrimental to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0085] - Minimal size terminal form factor requirements

[0086] In certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, terminals require extremely small sizes for convenient use in these environments. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process typically use electronic tags, embedded in very small packages. Furthermore, lightweight wearable devices can enhance the user experience while meeting user needs.

[0087] - Extremely low-cost IoT communication needs

[0088] Numerous IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently inexpensive to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios necessitate that IoT terminals be priced competitively.

[0089] With the increasing application of 5G in various industries, the types of connected devices and application scenarios are also increasing, which will place higher demands on the price and power consumption of communication terminals. The application of battery-free, low-cost passive IoT devices has become a key technology for cellular IoT, enriching the types and number of terminals connected by 5G networks and truly realizing the Internet of Everything.

[0090] Based on the discussion of Ambient IoT application scenarios in 3GPP SA1, Ambient IoT can be used in at least the following four scenarios:

[0091] Object recognition, such as in logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management;

[0092] Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring of temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the work environment and natural environment;

[0093] Location services, such as indoor positioning, smart item finding, and production line item positioning;

[0094] Intelligent control, such as the intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and the intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0095] III. A-IoT Projects in 3GPP

[0096] 3GPP RAN Ambient-IoT Rel-19 Project Overview

[0097] The 3GPP RAN#102 plenary meeting discussed and approved the SID for the A-IoT physical layer, which must include at least two of the following A-IoT device types:

[0098] - Category 1 A-IoT devices: ~1uW peak power consumption. These A-IoT devices have energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of 10X ppm, no uplink or downlink power amplifiers, and transmit uplink data by backscattering an external carrier.

[0099] - Category 2 A-IoT devices: Peak power consumption ≤ a few hundred μW, less than several hundred μW. These A-IoT devices have energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of 10X ppm, and may be equipped with uplink and / or downlink power amplifiers. They can generate uplink transmission internally within the A-IoT device, i.e., actively transmit, or transmit uplink data by backscattering an external carrier.

[0100] A-IoT mainly considers the following two deployment scenarios / topologies, as shown in Figure 6:

[0101] -Deployment scenario 1with Topology 1(D1T1):BS Ambient IoT devices (A-IoT devices) involve direct two-way signaling and / or data communication between the base station and the A-IoT device. The base station sending the data to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving the data may be two different base stations.

[0102] -Deployment scenario 2with Topology 2(D2T2):BS intermediate node An Ambient IoT device (A-IoT) communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node, which relays signaling and / or data between the BS and the A-IoT device. During the SID discussion phase, the intermediate node was ultimately determined to be a UE under network control, located indoors.

[0103] Currently, the R19 A-IoT research project mainly considers two types of services: DT (Device-Terminated) and DO-DTT (Device-Originated–Device-Terminated Triggered). DT mainly refers to instructing A-IoT devices to perform specific actions via downlink commands. For example, in a smart home scenario, issuing a command to "turn on the air conditioner" to an A-IoT device will trigger the corresponding operation. DO-DTT mainly refers to instructing A-IoT devices to report information via downlink commands. Typical scenarios include warehouse inventory or sensor sensing, such as triggering several zero-power tags to report their IDs or sensor data.

[0104] IV. RFID MMS

[0105] RFID is a relatively mature and widely commercially applied technology that enables communication between readers and tags via radio frequency. In international RFID standards, the uplink communication from tag to reader supports MMS encoding. In MMS encoding, the process from raw data bits to the final generated MMS transmission signal can be divided into two steps.

[0106] The first step is to generate a baseband signal from the raw data bits. First, as shown in Figure 7, data -0 and data -1 occupy the same symbol time. Data -0 does not undergo a level transition within one symbol time, meaning it is either high or low. Data -1 undergoes a level transition once within the middle of one symbol time, either from high to low or from low to high. When generating the baseband signal from the raw data bitstream, a level transition only occurs between two adjacent data -0 values; otherwise, there is no level transition. Specifically, the baseband signal generator has four states, S1-S4, each representing a possible baseband encoded symbol. When the generator switches to a certain state, it outputs the corresponding baseband encoded symbol. The generator state switching is determined based on the input raw data bits, as shown in Figure 8.

[0107] The second step is to generate the MMS signal from the baseband signal. After obtaining the baseband signal obtained by concatenating baseband encoded symbols in the above manner, the baseband signal is multiplied by a square wave signal to obtain the final MMS transmission signal. The frequency of the square wave signal is M times the baseband symbol rate, and the value of M can be 2, 4, or 8. The MMS transmission signal is shown in Figure 9.

[0108] In RFID, the aforementioned square wave frequency is defined as the backscatter link frequency (BLF). The tag can determine the BLF based on the preamble sent by the reader. Furthermore, when the reader is counting the tags, it first sends a Query command to mark the start of this count. The Query command carries information related to the M value. The tag can then determine the M value based on the Query command. Finally, based on the M value and the BLF, the tag can generate the MMS encoded signal according to the steps described above.

[0109] In the 3GPP RAN1 group discussion, the reader side sends R2D (Reader-to-device) transmissions to the A-IoT device side, and the device side sends D2R (Device-to-reader) transmissions to the reader side. The reader includes the base station in D1T1 and the intermediate node in D2T2, while the device includes Type I and Type II A-IoT devices. Additionally, for devices performing backscattering, an external carrier wave (CW) is provided by the reader or an external node.

[0110] For the encoding method used in D2R transmission, the Miller encoding method from RFID is an alternative. Based on current conclusions, A-IoT is considering continuing to use the MMS encoding method from RFID. There is also an understanding that the signal in Figure 9 can support small frequency shifts by using different M values, aiming to support multiple A-IoT devices sending data to the reader via FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). However, while the MMS encoding method in RFID can support frequency shifts, it does so not through different M values. Furthermore, RFID does not support multiple tags accessing the channel via FDMA. Therefore, how to support Miller encoding in A-IoT and implement FDMA based on Miller encoding are problems that need to be researched and solved.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 10, which shows a flowchart of a wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method is performed by an A-IoT device and includes the following step 1010.

[0112] Step 1010: The A-IoT device sends a D2R message. The D2R message is sent after the first signal is modulated. The first signal is determined by multiplying the baseband signal and the square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

[0113] Accordingly, the reader receives D2R messages sent by the A-IoT device.

[0114] In some embodiments, when an A-IoT device sends a D2R message, it modulates a first signal before transmission. Exemplarily, the first signal is modulated onto a radio frequency carrier. If the A-IoT device has active transmission capability, the radio frequency carrier can be generated by the A-IoT device, and its frequency can be determined by the A-IoT device. If the A-IoT device only has backscatter capability, the frequency of the radio frequency carrier is determined by the carrier signal received by the A-IoT.

[0115] In some embodiments, the first signal is an coded signal, determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. In some embodiments, the baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols generated from data bits. In some embodiments, a single data bit is mapped to a single baseband symbol. Exemplarily, the basic rule for mapping a single data bit to a single baseband symbol is that data bit -1 is mapped to symbol {1, 1} or symbol {0, 0}, data bit -0 is mapped to symbol {1, 0} or symbol {0, 1}, and the duration of the symbol is denoted as the symbol width. Symbol {1, 1} represents two high levels forming a symbol, with each high level's duration occupying half the symbol width, and other symbol combinations follow the same pattern. When multiple consecutive data bits generate a baseband signal, the mapping rule is characterized by a level flip between adjacent symbols when two adjacent data bits are 0; otherwise, no level flip occurs between adjacent symbols. For example, if the previous data bit 0 is mapped to symbol {1, 1}, then the next adjacent data bit 0 is mapped to symbol {0, 0}. In some embodiments, chip 0 can also be replaced with chip -1. For example, data bit -0 is mapped to the symbol {1, -1}.

[0116] In some embodiments, the square wave signal is composed of chips {1, 0, 1, 0, ...} / {0, 1, 0, 1, ...}, or chips {1, -1, 1, -1, ...} / {-1, 1, -1, 1, ...}.

[0117] In some embodiments, the multiplication operation of the baseband signal and the square wave signal can be represented as an XNOR operation. For example, the XNOR operation of 1 and 1 results in 1, the XNOR operation of 0 and 0 results in 1, and the XNOR operation of 0 and 1 results in 0. Here, 1 or 0 can also be understood as a high or low signal level, or as an on / off signal level. Figure 11 shows four possible XNOR operations, where the output signal is the result of the XNOR operation of input signal 1 and input signal 2.

[0118] In some embodiments, the D2R message can be a D2R message carrying A-IoT Msg1 and / or A-IoT Msg3 sent by the A-IoT device, or a D2R message carrying A-IoT data information sent by the A-IoT device after completing random access. For the random access process, the A-IoT device supports "3-step random access," which includes the following steps:

[0119] 1. A-IoT Msg1: The A-IoT device sends A-IoT Msg 1 to the reader. Msg 1 carries a 16-bit ID (also known as RN16 in RFID), which is a random ID generated by the A-IoT device.

[0120] 2. A-IoT Msg2: If the reader successfully receives Msg1, the reader sends A-IoT Msg2 to the A-IoT device. Msg2 carries the ID that the reader received in Msg1.

[0121] 3. A-IoT Msg3: If the A-IoT device successfully receives Msg 2 and the ID contained in Msg 2 matches the ID in its own Msg 1, then the A-IoT device sends the A-IoT device ID and / or other higher-level data to the reader, i.e., A-IoT Msg3.

[0122] Therefore, the D2R messages sent by A-IoT devices include D2R messages carrying A-IoT Msg 1 and A-IoT Msg 3. Different A-IoT devices can send these D2R messages via FDMA, as shown in Figure 12. It should be noted that A-IoT Msg 1 and A-IoT Msg 3 are described from the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer; from the physical layer perspective, both are carried as D2R messages.

[0123] In some embodiments, D2R messages are scheduled by R2D (Reader to Device) messages, where D2R messages are sent by the A-IoT device to the reader, and R2D messages are sent by the reader to the A-IoT device. The reader is used to read and write data from the A-IoT device. In some embodiments, the reader may be a terminal device with a communication connection to the A-IoT device, used to report data read from the A-IoT device to a network device, or to write data received from the network device to the A-IoT device. In some embodiments, the reader may be a network device with a communication connection to the A-IoT device, used to directly read data from the A-IoT device or write data to the A-IoT device. In some embodiments, the reader may also be referred to as a reader, etc.

[0124] The technical solution provided in this application embodiment offers a method for implementing MMS encoding when an A-IoT device sends D2R messages in an A-IoT system. MMS encoding has rich clock information and good anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for various industrial and logistics application scenarios.

[0125] Furthermore, this method enables FDMA for multiple A-IoT devices. Multiple A-IoT devices can simultaneously send Msg 1, Msg 3, and other data via FDMA, thereby improving the access efficiency and resource utilization of the A-IoT system. The following section will explain in detail how to implement FDMA.

[0126] FDMA for A-IoT devices

[0127] In related technologies, when D2R transmission uses Miller encoding, referring to the description of MMS signal generation in RFID in the above embodiments, a baseband signal is first generated from the original data bits. Then, the baseband signal is multiplied by a square wave of a fixed frequency to obtain the Miller encoded signal. The frequency of the square wave signal is M times the baseband signal rate. However, different values ​​of M do not change the frequency of the square wave, but rather change the baseband signal rate. This means that the larger the value of M, the smaller the baseband data rate. The multiplication of the baseband signal and the square wave signal in the time domain can be understood in the frequency domain as a shift of the spectrum of the baseband signal. The center frequency after the shift is the magnitude of the square wave frequency. Therefore, without changing the square wave frequency, the center frequency of the signal generated based on different M values ​​does not change, so the signal generated based on different M values ​​does not achieve frequency shift. As shown in Figure 13, for different M values, the first row of signals is the baseband signal, the second row of signals is the square wave signal, and the third row of signals is the encoded signal obtained by multiplying the baseband signal and the square wave. Assuming the square wave frequency f is 240kHz, when M equals 2, the baseband signal rate v1 is 240k / 2 = 120kbps, and the unit symbol time is 8.4 microseconds; when M equals 4, the baseband signal rate v2 is 240k / 4 = 60kbps, and the unit symbol time is 16.7 microseconds.

[0128] In RFID, frequency offset is achieved by changing the frequency of the square wave signal, i.e., changing the frequency shown in Figure 12. The preamble (a sequence of signals sent before the Query command, which is used to initiate tag inventory) sent by the reader determines the frequency of the square wave signal used to generate the MMS signal. A change in the frequency of the square wave signal means that the MMS signal frequency has shifted. However, the above method does not implement a method for two tags to transmit simultaneously using different square wave frequencies; that is, it does not implement FDMA.

[0129] As described in the above embodiments, there are three unknown variables when Miller encodes a signal: the M value, the symbol width of the baseband signal, and the chip width of the square wave signal, and there is a certain conversion calculation relationship among the three. Therefore, by obtaining two of the unknown variables first, the third variable can be determined through the conversion calculation relationship. For example, by obtaining the M value and the symbol width of the baseband signal, the chip width of the square wave signal can be calculated. Similarly, by obtaining the M value and the chip width of the square wave signal, the symbol width of the baseband signal can be calculated. Here, the symbol width of the baseband signal refers to the width of the baseband symbol. In some embodiments, the symbol width of the baseband signal is equal to the time length corresponding to one data bit. The chip width of the square wave signal refers to the width of the chips that make up the square wave signal. The M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal. Based on the M value, the conversion between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal can be realized. For example, the chip width is equal to (symbol width / M / 2), where M can be 2, 4, or 8. In some embodiments, the value of M is predefined by the protocol.

[0130] Based on the above conversion calculation relationship, it can be seen that different A-IoT devices, with the same symbol width, will have different calculated chip widths when using different M values, thus realizing the spectrum shifting of square wave signals.

[0131] As shown in Figure 14, devices 1, 2, and 3 are three devices for FDMA. They use the same symbol width for the baseband signal, but the chosen M values ​​are different. Therefore, the chip width of the square wave signal determined by the symbol width and M value are also different, resulting in different encoded signals. It can be understood that there is a fixed relationship between the chip width and frequency of the square wave signal: square wave frequency = 1 / (2 * square wave chip width). In this way, the encoded signals generated by the three devices achieve different frequency offsets in the baseband.

[0132] Based on the above principles, this application provides a method for implementing FDMA in A-IoT devices. Essentially, it aims to achieve spectrum shifting of square wave signals. Considering that A-IoT devices have autonomous transmission capabilities, different A-IoT devices can control the generation of radio frequency carriers at different frequencies. In this case, the frequency of the square wave signals corresponding to different A-IoT devices can be the same. The method of this application embodiment will be described in detail from the perspective of whether A-IoT devices have autonomous transmission capabilities.

[0133] A-IoT devices only have backscatter capability.

[0134] In some embodiments, where the A-IoT device only has backscattering capability, the frequency of the square wave signal used to generate the first signal is determined based on the external carrier it receives. In one example, the external carrier can be a power carrier sent by the reader for the A-IoT device to harvest energy. In another example, the external carrier can be a carrier carrying information sent by the reader for sending signaling or data to the A-IoT device. Since the A-IoT device itself does not have the ability to change the frequency of the square wave signal, it needs to perform spectrum shifting of the square wave signal based on parameters indicated by the reader, thereby achieving FDMA.

[0135] Chip width is determined based on symbol width and M value.

[0136] In some embodiments, the chip width is determined based on the symbol width and the M value, which first requires determining the symbol width and the M value.

[0137] 1. Symbol width

[0138] In some embodiments, the symbol width is indicated by the reader / writer.

[0139] In some embodiments, the symbol width of the baseband signal is determined based on R2D messages, which are used to schedule D2R messages. In some embodiments, the reader sends an R2D message to the A-IoT device, which is used to schedule D2R messages. For example, the R2D message is a query command, and the D2R message is A-IoT Msg1. For example, the R2D message is A-IoT Msg2, and the D2R message is A-IoT Msg3.

[0140] In some embodiments, R2D messages can indicate the symbol width directly or indirectly.

[0141] In one example, the R2D message is used to indicate the symbol width. Exemplarily, the R2D message includes a first information bit that indicates the symbol width.

[0142] In one example, the R2D message is used to indicate a first parameter, which is the ratio between the symbol width used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message. For example, if the symbol width used by the R2D message is A, and the first parameter indicated in the R2D message is 2, then the symbol width used by the D2R message can be determined to be 2A. In some embodiments, the first parameter may also be the ratio between the data rate used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message, or the ratio between the transmission bandwidth used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message.

[0143] In one example, the R2D message is used to indicate the first data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first data rate information is used to determine the symbol width. Exemplarily, the symbol rate of the baseband signal can be determined based on the first data rate information, and thus the symbol width can be determined. In some embodiments, the first data rate information can be used to indicate either the symbol rate of the baseband signal or the bit rate of the baseband signal, where bit rate = 2 * symbol rate.

[0144] In one example, the R2D message is used to indicate the first transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message. This first transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the symbol width. For example, based on the first transmission bandwidth information, the maximum symbol rate corresponding to the D2R message can be determined, and then the symbol width can be determined based on the maximum symbol rate. For example, the maximum symbol rate = 2 * transmission bandwidth.

[0145] 2. M value

[0146] In some embodiments, where the A-IoT device only has backscattering capability, the M value is determined by the A-IoT device itself.

[0147] In one example, the M value is randomly selected by the A-IoT device from multiple candidate M values. In some embodiments, the multiple candidate M values ​​are predefined by the protocol or configured by the reader. For example, the candidate M values ​​include 2, 4, and 8, and the A-IoT device randomly selects the M value used in the D2R message from these three candidate M values. The reader sends a paging message to trigger the A-IoT device to initiate a random access procedure. Multiple A-IoT devices randomly select available frequency domain resources when sending A-IoT Msg 1. This method ensures that each A-IoT device has a fair chance to compete for access.

[0148] In one example, the M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device to send historical D2R messages. Historical D2R messages are the D2R messages successfully sent by the A-IoT device with the shortest time interval between the sending time and the current time. Exemplarily, the first message sent by the A-IoT device is successfully received by the reader, and when it sends the second message, it continues to use the M value used in the first message. In some embodiments, the M value used in historical D2R messages may be randomly selected by the A-IoT device from multiple candidate M values. Exemplarily, the M value used in the first message is randomly selected by the A-IoT device from multiple candidate M values.

[0149] In one example, when the D2R message carries the Msg3 message from the A-IoT device, the M value is the same M value used by the A-IoT device when sending the D2R message carrying the Msg1 message. If the A-IoT device needs to send A-IoT Msg 3, it means that its sent Msg 1 has been successfully received by the reader, granting it access. This can also be understood as the frequency domain resources used to send Msg 1 not conflicting with those used by other A-IoT devices. Using the same frequency domain resources to send Msg 3 ensures a high success rate for Msg 3 transmission. In some embodiments, the M value used in the D2R message carrying Msg1 can be randomly selected by the A-IoT device from multiple candidate M values.

[0150] 3. Chip width

[0151] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device determines the chip width of the square wave signal based on the M value and the symbol width. The M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

[0152] In some embodiments, the conversion relationship between chip width, M value, and symbol width can be predefined by a standard or indicated by the reader / writer. For example, chip width = symbol width / 2M.

[0153] Using the above method, A-IoT devices can determine the chip width based on the symbol width configured by the reader and the M value determined by themselves. Different A-IoT devices use different M values, and the chip widths they determine are also different. In this way, the frequency points of the first signal obtained by multiplying the baseband signal and the square wave signal are also different. After modulation, FDMA of different A-IoT devices can be realized.

[0154] Symbol width is determined based on chip width and M value.

[0155] 1. Chip width

[0156] In some embodiments, the chip width is indicated by the reader / writer.

[0157] In some embodiments, the first chip width is determined based on R2D messages. The first chip width is the chip width of the square wave signal used when M is a first value, and the R2D messages are used to schedule D2R messages. For example, the first chip width is the chip width of the square wave signal used when M is 8. In some embodiments, different M values ​​correspond to different chip widths. For example, the chip width of the square wave signal used when M is a second value is the second chip width, which is different from the first chip width.

[0158] In some embodiments, there is a conversion relationship between chip widths corresponding to different M values. For example, knowing the first chip width, the first value, and the second value, the second chip width can be determined. In some embodiments, the conversion relationship between chip widths corresponding to different M values ​​can be predefined by the protocol or configured by the reader / writer. For example, the second chip width = first chip width * first value / second value. For instance, if the first value is 8 and the second value is 4, the second chip width = first chip width * 8 / 4 = 2 * first chip width.

[0159] In some embodiments, the R2D message can directly indicate the width of the first chip or indirectly indicate the width of the first chip. In one example, the R2D message is used to indicate the width of the first chip. Exemplarily, the R2D message includes a first information bit that indicates the width of the first chip.

[0160] In some embodiments, the R2D message is used to indicate a second parameter, which is a ratio between the first chip width and the chip width of the R2D message. For example, if the chip width used by the R2D message is A, and the second parameter indicated in the R2D message is 2, then the first chip width used by the D2R message can be determined to be 2A. In some embodiments, the second parameter may also be a ratio between the data rate used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message, or a ratio between the transmission bandwidth used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message.

[0161] In one example, the R2D message is used to indicate the second data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second data rate information is used to determine the first chip width. For example, the rate of the square wave signal can be determined based on the second data rate information, thereby determining the first chip width.

[0162] In one example, the R2D message is used to indicate the second transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message. This second transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the first chip width. For example, based on the second transmission bandwidth information, the maximum symbol rate corresponding to the D2R message can be determined, and then the first chip width can be determined based on the maximum symbol rate. For example, the maximum symbol rate = 2 * transmission bandwidth.

[0163] In some embodiments, R2D messages can also be used to indicate the chip widths corresponding to multiple candidate M values, so that A-IoT devices no longer need to perform conversions based on the determined M value and the first chip width.

[0164] 2. M value

[0165] In some embodiments, the method for determining the M value can be referred to the description of the method for determining the M value in "Determining Chip Width Based on Symbol Width and M Value" above, and will not be repeated here.

[0166] 3. Symbol width

[0167] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device determines the symbol width of the baseband signal based on the M value and the first chip width. The M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

[0168] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device first determines the chip width of the square wave signal used by the A-IoT device to send D2R messages based on the M value and the first chip width; then it determines the symbol width based on the M value and the chip width.

[0169] In some embodiments, the M value determined by the A-IoT device may be the same as or different from the first value. When the M value is the same as the first value, the step of determining the chip width of the square wave signal used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message can be skipped, and the symbol width can be directly determined using the first chip width. When the M value is different from the first value, it is necessary to first determine the chip width of the square wave signal used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message.

[0170] Using the above method, A-IoT devices can determine the symbol width based on the first chip width and the self-determined M value. Different M values ​​correspond to different chip widths of square wave signals. In this way, the frequency points of the first signal obtained by multiplying the baseband signal and the square wave signal are different. After modulation, FDMA of different A-IoT devices can be realized.

[0171] A-IoT devices have active transmission capabilities.

[0172] In some embodiments, when the A-IoT device has active transmission capability, the A-IoT device itself can generate a radio frequency carrier and modulate the baseband signal using this carrier. Multiple A-IoT devices only need to generate carriers at different frequencies to achieve FDMA. In this case, multiple A-IoT devices can use the same method to generate the first signal without adding an additional spectrum shifting step. Compared to the above-mentioned "A-IoT device only has backscatter capability," it can be understood that when the A-IoT device has active transmission capability, different A-IoT devices no longer need to rely on different M values ​​to avoid collisions; different A-IoT devices can use the same M value. In some embodiments, the frequencies of the radio frequency carriers generated by different A-IoT devices can be the same or different.

[0173] In some embodiments, when the A-IoT device has active transmission capability, the M value is indicated by a reader / writer, which is used to send R2D messages or receive D2R messages. Exemplarily, the reader / writer indicates the M value via an R2D message. Exemplarily, the R2D message can be used to directly indicate the M value or indirectly indicate the M value.

[0174] In some embodiments, the R2D message carries first indication information, which indicates the value of M. For example, the first indication information is a 2-bit indication, where the 2-bit value indicates the value of M. For instance, "01" indicates M=2, "10" indicates M=4, and "11" indicates M=8.

[0175] In some embodiments, the value of M can also be indicated by the preamble of the R2D message. For example, the value of M is implicitly indicated by the sequence used in the preamble.

[0176] In some embodiments, the R2D message is also used to indicate a value of M from a plurality of candidate M values. For example, the plurality of candidate M values ​​include 2, 4, and 8, and the R2D message is used to indicate that the value of M is 2.

[0177] In this case, the chip width can still be determined based on the M value and the symbol width, or the symbol width can be determined based on the chip width and the M value.

[0178] For example, the chip width is determined based on the M value and the symbol width. In some embodiments, the R2D message indicating the M value and the R2D message determining the symbol width can be the same R2D message or different R2D messages. For example, both the R2D message indicating the M value and the R2D message determining the symbol width are paging messages.

[0179] For example, the symbol width is determined based on the M value and the chip width. In some embodiments, the M value and the chip width of the square wave signal may correspond, in which case the M value indicated in the R2D message corresponds to the chip width; the M value and the chip width of the square wave signal may also not correspond, for example, different M values ​​may correspond to the same chip width, in which case there is no need to consider the correspondence.

[0180] For example, as shown in Figure 15, when three A-IoT devices send D2R messages simultaneously, the square wave signals used to generate the encoded signals are exactly the same. After generating the encoded signals, the three A-IoT devices can generate radio frequency carriers of different frequencies to modulate their respective encoded signals, thereby achieving the effect of FDMA.

[0181] Using the above method, A-IoT devices with autonomous transmission capabilities can generate radio frequency carriers of different frequencies. By modulating the first signal of the D2R message onto the radio frequency carrier, FDMA can be achieved for different A-IoT devices.

[0182] It should be noted that, in the above method embodiments, the steps performed by the A-IoT device can be implemented separately as a wireless communication method on the A-IoT device side; the steps performed by the reader can be implemented separately as a wireless communication method on the reader side.

[0183] The following are embodiments of the apparatus described in this application, which can be used to execute the embodiments of the method described in this application. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the method described in this application.

[0184] Please refer to Figure 16, which shows a block diagram of an information transmission apparatus provided in one embodiment of this application. This apparatus has the function of implementing the wireless communication method example described above. This function can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The apparatus can be an A-IoT device as described above, or it can be disposed within an A-IoT device. As shown in Figure 16, the apparatus 1600 may include a transmitting module 1610.

[0185] The sending module 1610 is used to send a device-to-reader (D2R) message. The D2R message is sent after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

[0186] In some embodiments, the symbol width of the baseband signal is determined based on R2D messages, which are used to schedule the D2R messages.

[0187] In some embodiments, the R2D message is used to indicate a first parameter, the first parameter being the ratio between the symbol width used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message; or,

[0188] The R2D message is used to indicate the first data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first data rate information is used to determine the symbol width; or...

[0189] The R2D message is used to indicate the first transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the symbol width; or...

[0190] The R2D message is used to indicate the symbol width.

[0191] In some embodiments, the apparatus 1600 further includes a processing module (not shown). The processing module is configured to determine the chip width of the square wave signal based on an M value and the symbol width, wherein the M value indicates the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

[0192] In some embodiments, the first chip width is determined based on the R2D message, and the first chip width is the chip width of the square wave signal used when the M value is a first value. The R2D message is used to schedule the D2R message.

[0193] In some embodiments, the R2D message is used to indicate a second parameter, the second parameter being the ratio between the first chip width and the chip width of the R2D message; or,

[0194] The R2D message is used to indicate the second data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second data rate information is used to determine the first chip width; or...

[0195] The R2D message is used to indicate the second transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the width of the first chip; or...

[0196] The R2D message is used to indicate the width of the first chip.

[0197] In some embodiments, the processing module is further configured to determine the symbol width of the baseband signal based on the M value and the first chip width, wherein the M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

[0198] In some embodiments, the processing module is configured to determine the chip width of the square wave signal used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message based on the M value and the first chip width; and to determine the symbol width based on the M value and the chip width.

[0199] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device only has backscattering capability; the M value is randomly selected by the A-IoT device from a plurality of candidate M values; or...

[0200] The M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device to send historical D2R messages, and the historical D2R message is the D2R message with the shortest time interval between the sending time and the current time among the successfully sent D2R messages of the A-IoT device; or,

[0201] When the D2R message carries the Msg3 message of the A-IoT device, the M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device when sending the D2R message carrying the Msg1 message.

[0202] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device has an active transmission capability; the M value is indicated by a reader / writer, which is used to send the R2D message or receive the D2R message.

[0203] In some embodiments, the R2D message is also used to indicate one value of the M value from a plurality of candidate M values.

[0204] In some embodiments, different A-IoT devices may generate radio frequency carriers at the same or different frequencies.

[0205] The technical solution provided in this application embodiment offers a method for implementing MMS encoding when an A-IoT device sends D2R messages in an A-IoT system. MMS encoding has rich clock information and good anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for various industrial and logistics application scenarios.

[0206] In addition, this method can realize FDMA for multiple A-IoT devices. Multiple A-IoT devices can simultaneously send Msg 1, Msg 3, and data through FDMA, thereby improving the access efficiency and resource utilization of A-IoT system devices.

[0207] Please refer to Figure 17, which shows a block diagram of an information transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of this application. This apparatus has the function of implementing the wireless communication method example described above; the function can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The apparatus can be the reader / writer described above, or it can be disposed within a reader / writer. As shown in Figure 17, the apparatus 1700 may include a receiving module 1710.

[0208] The receiving module 1710 is used to receive device-to-reader (D2R) messages. The D2R message is a first signal that has been modulated and sent. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

[0209] In some embodiments, the symbol width of the baseband signal is determined based on R2D messages, which are used to schedule the D2R messages.

[0210] In some embodiments, the R2D message is used to indicate a first parameter, the first parameter being the ratio between the symbol width used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message; or,

[0211] The R2D message is used to indicate the first data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first data rate information is used to determine the symbol width; or...

[0212] The R2D message is used to indicate the first transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the symbol width; or...

[0213] The R2D message is used to indicate the symbol width.

[0214] In some embodiments, the chip width of the square wave signal is determined based on an M value and the symbol width, wherein the M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

[0215] In some embodiments, the first chip width is determined based on the R2D message, and the first chip width is the chip width of the square wave signal used when the M value is a first value. The R2D message is used to schedule the D2R message.

[0216] In some embodiments, the R2D message is used to indicate a second parameter, the second parameter being the ratio between the first chip width and the chip width of the R2D message; or,

[0217] The R2D message is used to indicate the second data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second data rate information is used to determine the first chip width; or...

[0218] The R2D message is used to indicate the second transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the width of the first chip; or...

[0219] The R2D message is used to indicate the width of the first chip.

[0220] In some embodiments, the symbol width of the baseband signal is determined based on an M value and the first chip width, wherein the M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

[0221] In some embodiments, the symbol width is determined based on the M value and the chip width of the square wave signal used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, wherein the chip width is determined based on the M value and the first chip width.

[0222] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device only has backscattering capability; the M value is randomly selected by the A-IoT device from multiple candidate M values; or,

[0223] The M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device to send historical D2R messages, and the historical D2R message is the D2R message with the shortest time interval between the sending time and the current time among the successfully sent D2R messages of the A-IoT device; or,

[0224] In the case where the D2R message carries the Msg3 message of the A-IoT device, the M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device when sending the D2R message carrying the Msg1 message.

[0225] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device has an active transmission capability; the M value is indicated by the reader / writer, which is used to send the R2D message or receive the D2R message.

[0226] In some embodiments, the R2D message is also used to indicate one value of the M value from a plurality of candidate M values.

[0227] In some embodiments, different A-IoT devices may generate radio frequency carriers at the same or different frequencies.

[0228] The technical solution provided in this application embodiment offers a method for implementing MMS encoding when an A-IoT device sends D2R messages in an A-IoT system. MMS encoding has rich clock information and good anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for various industrial and logistics application scenarios.

[0229] In addition, this method can realize FDMA for multiple A-IoT devices. Multiple A-IoT devices can simultaneously send Msg 1, Msg 3, and data through FDMA, thereby improving the access efficiency and resource utilization of A-IoT system devices.

[0230] It should be noted that the device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules when implementing its functions. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules according to actual needs, that is, the content structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0231] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0232] Please refer to Figure 18, which shows a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in one embodiment of this application. The communication device can be an A-IoT device or a reader / writer as described above. The communication device 1800 may include a processor 1801, a transceiver 1802, and a memory 1803. The transceiver 1802 is used to implement sending or receiving functions, such as implementing the functions of the receiving module 810 described above. The processor 1801 can be used to implement other processing functions or control sending and / or receiving, such as implementing the functions of the processing module 1810 described above.

[0233] The processor 1801 includes one or more processing cores, and the processor 1801 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules.

[0234] The transceiver 1802 may include a receiver and a transmitter, for example, the receiver and transmitter may be implemented as the same wireless communication component, which may include a wireless communication chip and a radio frequency antenna.

[0235] The memory 1803 can be connected to the processor 1801 and the transceiver 1802.

[0236] The memory 1803 can be used to store a computer program executed by the processor, and the processor 1801 is used to execute the computer program to implement the various steps in the above method embodiments.

[0237] In some embodiments, when the communication device 1800 is an A-IoT device, the transceiver 1802 is used to send a device-to-reader (D2R) message, which is transmitted after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols generated based on data bits.

[0238] In some embodiments, when the communication device 1800 is a reader / writer, the transceiver 1802 is used to receive a device-to-reader (D2R) message, which is transmitted after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols generated based on data bits.

[0239] For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0240] Furthermore, the memory can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, statically accessible memory, read-only memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, and programmable read-only memory.

[0241] This application embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the aforementioned wireless communication method on the A-IoT device side or the aforementioned wireless communication method on the reader side. Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium may include: ROM (Read-Only Memory), RAM (Random-Access Memory), SSD (Solid State Drives), or optical disc, etc. The random access memory may include ReRAM (Resistance Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

[0242] This application also provides a chip, which includes programmable logic circuits and / or program instructions. When the chip is running, it is used to implement the wireless communication method on the A-IoT device side or the wireless communication method on the reader side.

[0243] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor reads and executes the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium to implement the wireless communication method on the A-IoT device side or the wireless communication method on the reader side.

[0244] It should be understood that the term "instruction" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, such as B being able to obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, such as A instructing C, so B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that there is a relationship between A and B.

[0245] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" may indicate that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or that there is an association between two things, or that there is a relationship of instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0246] In some embodiments of this application, "predefined" can be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means of indicating relevant information in the device (e.g., including A-IoT devices and APs). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, "predefined" can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0247] In some embodiments of this application, the term "protocol" may refer to standard protocols in the field of communications, such as LTE protocols, NR protocols, and related protocols applied in future communication systems. This application does not limit the scope of these protocols.

[0248] In this article, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0249] In this article, "greater than or equal to" can mean greater than or equal to, and "less than or equal to" can mean less than or equal to.

[0250] Furthermore, the step numbers described herein are merely illustrative of one possible execution order between steps. In some other embodiments, the steps may not be executed in the order of their numbers, such as two steps with different numbers being executed simultaneously, or two steps with different numbers being executed in the reverse order of the illustration. This application does not limit this.

[0251] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the functions described in the embodiments of this application in one or more of the above examples can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media, wherein communication media include any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0252] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, characterized in that, The method is executed by an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, and the method includes: The device sends a D2R message to the reader / writer. The D2R message is sent after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The symbol width of the baseband signal is determined based on the R2D message, which is used to schedule the D2R message.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The R2D message is used to indicate a first parameter, which is the ratio between the symbol width used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message; or, The R2D message is used to indicate the first data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first data rate information is used to determine the symbol width; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the first transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the symbol width; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the symbol width.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the M value and the symbol width, the chip width of the square wave signal is determined. The M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first chip width is determined based on the R2D message. The first chip width is the chip width of the square wave signal used when the M value is the first value. The R2D message is used to schedule the D2R message.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The R2D message is used to indicate a second parameter, which is the ratio between the first chip width and the chip width of the R2D message; or, The R2D message is used to indicate the second data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second data rate information is used to determine the first chip width; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the second transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the width of the first chip; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the width of the first chip.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the M value and the first chip width, the symbol width of the baseband signal is determined. The M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Determining the symbol width of the baseband signal based on the M value and the first chip width includes: Based on the M value and the first chip width, the chip width of the square wave signal used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message is determined; The symbol width is determined based on the M value and the chip width.

9. The method according to any one of claims 4, 7, and 8, characterized in that, The A-IoT device only has backscatter capability; The M value is randomly selected by the A-IoT device from multiple candidate M values; or... The M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device to send historical D2R messages, and the historical D2R message is the D2R message with the shortest time interval between the sending time and the current time among the successfully sent D2R messages of the A-IoT device; or, When the D2R message carries the Msg3 message of the A-IoT device, the M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device when sending the D2R message carrying the Msg1 message.

10. The method according to any one of claims 4, 7, and 8, characterized in that, The A-IoT device has active transmission capability; The M value is indicated by the reader / writer, which is used to send the R2D message or receive the D2R message.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The R2D message is also used to indicate one of the possible values ​​of the M value from a plurality of candidate M values.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, Different A-IoT devices may generate radio frequency carriers at the same or different frequencies.

13. A wireless communication method, characterized in that, The method is executed by a reader / writer, and the method includes: The receiving device sends a D2R message to the reader / writer. The D2R message is sent after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The symbol width of the baseband signal is determined based on the R2D message, which is used to schedule the D2R message.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The R2D message is used to indicate a first parameter, which is the ratio between the symbol width used by the D2R message and the chip width of the R2D message; or, The R2D message is used to indicate the first data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first data rate information is used to determine the symbol width; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the first transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the first transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the symbol width; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the symbol width.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The chip width of the square wave signal is determined based on the M value and the symbol width. The M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

17. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first chip width is determined based on the R2D message. The first chip width is the chip width of the square wave signal used when the M value is the first value. The R2D message is used to schedule the D2R message.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The R2D message is used to indicate a second parameter, which is the ratio between the first chip width and the chip width of the R2D message; or, The R2D message is used to indicate the second data rate information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second data rate information is used to determine the first chip width; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the second transmission bandwidth information used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message, and the second transmission bandwidth information is used to determine the width of the first chip; or... The R2D message is used to indicate the width of the first chip.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The symbol width of the baseband signal is determined based on the M value and the first chip width. The M value is used to indicate the relationship between the chip width of the square wave signal and the symbol width of the baseband signal, or the relationship between the frequency of the square wave signal and the rate of the baseband signal.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The symbol width is determined based on the M value and the chip width of the square wave signal used by the A-IoT device to send the D2R message. The chip width is determined based on the M value and the first chip width.

21. The method according to any one of claims 16, 19, and 20, characterized in that, The A-IoT device only has backscatter capability; The M value is randomly selected by the A-IoT device from multiple candidate M values; or... The M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device to send historical D2R messages, and the historical D2R message is the D2R message with the shortest time interval between the sending time and the current time among the successfully sent D2R messages of the A-IoT device; or, In the case where the D2R message carries the Msg3 message of the A-IoT device, the M value is the M value used by the A-IoT device when sending the D2R message carrying the Msg1 message.

22. The method according to any one of claims 16, 19, and 20, characterized in that, The A-IoT device has active transmission capability; The M value is indicated by the reader / writer, which is used to send the R2D message or receive the D2R message.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that, The R2D message is also used to indicate one of the possible values ​​of the M value from a plurality of candidate M values.

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, Different A-IoT devices may generate radio frequency carriers at the same or different frequencies.

25. A wireless communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: The sending module is used to send a device-to-reader (D2R) message. The D2R message is sent after modulation of a first signal. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

26. A wireless communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: The receiving module is used to receive device-to-reader (D2R) messages. The D2R message is a first signal that has been modulated and sent. The first signal is determined by multiplying a baseband signal and a square wave signal. The baseband signal consists of one or more baseband symbols, which are generated based on data bits.

27. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, or to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 24.

28. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program that is executed by a processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 24.

29. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes programmable logic circuitry and / or program instructions, which, when the chip is running, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or to implement the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 24.

30. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which a processor reads from and executes to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 24.

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