Switching between sensing signal transmission patterns
By enabling network nodes to switch between sensing signal transmission patterns based on predefined conditions, the solution addresses the inefficiency in radio resource usage in object-based sensing, ensuring both resource efficiency and QoS satisfaction.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
AI Technical Summary
In object-based sensing, continuous transmission of sensing signals over a specific beam or bandwidth leads to unnecessary waste of radio resources, necessitating a mechanism to balance radio resource efficiency with sensing Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
Network nodes support switching between sensing signal transmission patterns based on predefined conditions, allowing for efficient resource utilization and QoS satisfaction by transitioning between different transmission patterns.
This approach achieves a balance between radio resource efficiency and QoS requirements by dynamically adjusting sensing signal transmission patterns in response to detection conditions or signal quality thresholds.
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Figure CN2025117372_23072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SWITCHING BETWEEN SENSING SIGNAL TRANSMISSION PATTERNSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to network nodes and methods for supporting switching between sensing signal transmission (Tx) patterns.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is regarded as one of the key features and technological advancements in certain types of wireless communications (e.g., 5G-A and 6G) . It can be extensively applied in numerous industrial and daily scenarios, ranging from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection and management, environmental monitoring, to intelligent transportation and health care. Moreover, in recent years, the low-altitude economy, which relies on UAV, has shown promising development, and there is an urgent need to promote the commercial use of sensing to guarantee UAV detection and management.
[0004] For base station based sensing, sensing BS may act as different roles and three basic sensing modes may be supported, namely monostatic (same base station sends and receives the sensing signal) , base station bistatic (different base stations sends and receives the sensing signal) and base station-UE bistatic (base station sends and UE receives or UE sends and base station receives) .
[0005] Based on the user and industrial requirements, there may be two fundamental scenarios in ISAC, namely, area-based sensing and object-based sensing. Area-based sensing is to monitor and sense the target environment or area for the desired information, such as the traffic load, weather report, human respiration status etc., for the smart transportation and smart home deployment. Object-based sensing is to sense, identify, monitor, and track the target object within a certain area, for example, monitoring the illegal UAV intrusion. The sensing object may either be with signal transmission capability or not.
[0006] Some aspects of wireless communication may utilize object sensing. Certain types of object sensing may employ radar sensing, which may be designated as monostatic sensing and bistatic / multistatic sensing. For example, when sensing certain types of objects (such as UAVs) , object sensing or radar sensing may be used. In object or radar sensing, due to the irregular shape of the target object, the reflected signals may be unevenly distributed in all directions.
[0007] For object-based sensing, if a RAN node must continuously transmit sensing signals over a specific beam or bandwidth, it will lead to unnecessary waste of radio resources. Thus, a new mechanism should be developed to balance radio resource efficiency with the satisfaction of sensing QoS requirements.SUMMARY
[0008] The present disclosure relates to network nodes and methods that support switching between sensing signal transmission patterns. With the communication devices and methods, balance between radio resource efficiency and the satisfaction of sensing Quality of Service (QoS) requirements may be achieved.
[0009] Some implementations of a first network node described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; receive, via the transceiver from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and perform switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0010] In some implementations, the processor is configured to perform switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern based on determining that at least one condition is fulfilled.
[0011] In some implementations, the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following: a first condition associated with detection of a sensing object or reflected signals from the sensing object, wherein the reflected signals are associated with the sensing signals; a second condition associated with measured qualities of the reflected signal which is equal to or higher than a threshold; a third condition associated with reception of a request for the switching; a fourth condition associated with failure of detection of a sensing object or reflected signals from the sensing object, wherein the reflected signals are associated with the sensing signals; or a fifth condition associated with the measured qualities of the reflected signal which is equal to or lower than the threshold.
[0012] In some implementations, the first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with at least one of the following: a first periodicity, a first bandwidth, or a first beam, a first transmission-reception point (TRP) . In some implementations, the second sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with at least one of the following: a second periodicity, a second bandwidth, or a second beam, a second TRP.
[0013] In some implementations, the first periodicity is longer than the second periodicity. In some implementations, the first bandwidth is less than the second bandwidth.
[0014] In some implementations, the first condition comprises one of the following: detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals, detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a first number of consecutive sensing signal occasions, detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a second number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, and detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.
[0015] In some implementations, the second condition comprises one of the following: the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than a threshold, the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in a first number of consecutive sensing signal occasions, the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in a second number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, and the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.
[0016] In some implementations, the first periodicity is shorter than the second periodicity. In some implementations, the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.
[0017] In some implementations, the fourth condition comprises one of the following: failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals, failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in a first number of consecutive sensing signal occasions, and failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in a second number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, and failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.
[0018] In some implementations, the fifth condition comprises one of the following: the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than a threshold, the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a third number of consecutive sensing signal occasions, the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a fourth number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, and the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.
[0019] In some implementations, the request for the switching indicates at least one of the following: to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, at least one of the fourth condition and the fifth condition is fulfilled, or the measured qualities of the reflected signals.
[0020] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive the request for the switching via the transceiver from the second network node or a third network node, wherein the second network node manages a sensing session, and the third network node receives the reflected signals.
[0021] In some implementations, the configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns indicates that the first sensing signal transmission pattern is used as an initial sensing signal transmission pattern for a sensing session.
[0022] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a pattern switching configuration via the transceiver from the second network node, wherein the pattern switching configuration comprises information related to the at least one condition.
[0023] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver from the second network node, a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein each of the at least one sensing signal reception pattern is associated with one of the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0024] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: after performing switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, switching to a sensing signal reception pattern associated with the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0025] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: after performing switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, transmit information related to the second sensing signal transmission pattern via the transceiver to the second network node or a third network node, wherein the second network node manages a sensing session, and the third network node receives the reflected signals.
[0026] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to a third network node, a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the third network node receives reflected signals associated with the sensing signals, each of the at least one sensing signal reception pattern is associated with one of the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0027] Some implementations of a second network node described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive, via the transceiver to from a first network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; select at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0028] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, a request for switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0029] In some implementations, the request for the switching indicates at least one of the following: to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, at least one condition is fulfilled to trigger the switching, or measured qualities of reflected signals from a sensing object, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by the first network node.
[0030] In some implementations, the configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns indicates that the first sensing signal transmission pattern is used as an initial sensing signal transmission pattern for a sensing session.
[0031] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit a pattern switching configuration via the transceiver to the first network node, wherein the pattern switching configuration comprises information related to at least one condition for triggering the switching.
[0032] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node or a third network node, a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein each of the at least one sensing signal reception pattern is associated with one of the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns, the third network node receives reflected signals associated with sensing signals transmitted by the first network node.
[0033] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver to from the first network node, information related to a second sensing signal transmission pattern to which the first network node switches from the first sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0034] Some implementations of a third network node described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern; and receive reflected signals from a sensing object based on a first sensing signal reception pattern among the at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by a first network node.
[0035] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: based on determining that at least one condition is fulfilled, transmit to the first network node a request for switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern, wherein the first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with the first sensing signal reception pattern.
[0036] In some implementations, the request for the switching indicates at least one of the following: to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, at least one condition is fulfilled to trigger the switching, or measured qualities of reflected signals.
[0037] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive information related to the second sensing signal transmission pattern via the transceiver from the first network node.
[0038] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: transmitting, to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; receiving, from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and performing switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0039] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving, to from a first network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; selecting at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and transmitting, to the first network node, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0040] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern; and receiving reflected signals from a sensing object based on a first sensing signal reception pattern among the at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by a first network node.
[0041] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: transmit, to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; receive, from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and perform switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0042] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: receive, via the transceiver to from a first network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; select at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0043] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: receive a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern; and receive reflected signals from a sensing object based on a first sensing signal reception pattern among the at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by a first network node.
[0044] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0045] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0046] Fig. 2A illustrates another example of a wireless communications system that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0047] Fig. 2B illustrates a further example of a wireless communications system that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0048] Fig. 2C illustrates another example of a wireless communications system that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0050] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0051] Figs. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0052] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a device that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure;
[0053] Fig. 9 illustrates an example of a processor that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0054] Figs. 10, 11 and 12 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0055] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0056] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0057] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0058] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0059] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0060] As described above, for object-based sensing, if a RAN node must continuously transmit sensing signals over a specific beam or bandwidth, it will lead to unnecessary waste of radio resources. Thus, a new mechanism should be developed to balance radio resource efficiency with the satisfaction of sensing QoS requirements.
[0061] In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns. In this solution, a first network node transmits, to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node. The first network node receives, from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns. In turn, the first network node performs switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns. With this solution, balance between radio resource efficiency and the satisfaction of sensing QoS requirements may be achieved.
[0062] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0063] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one at least one of network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0064] The network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station (BS) , a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking a gNB as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the gNB 102.
[0065] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0066] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0067] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0068] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0069] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0070] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a CU, a DU, a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0071] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0072] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., an L3, an L2) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as an L1 (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0073] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0074] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0075] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0076] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0077] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0078] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0079] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0080] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0081] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0082] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0083] Fig. 2A illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 200A that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2A, the wireless communications system 200A may comprise a first network node 210, a second network node 220 and a sensing object 212.
[0084] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a RAN node. For example, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a gNB, a TRP or a DU.
[0085] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node in the CN 106. Hereinafter, the node in the CN 106 may be referred to as a CN node for brevity. For example, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a sensing function (SF) that is responsible for sensing session management in the CN 106. Alternatively, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU.
[0086] In some implementations, the gNB-CU may be a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU.
[0087] In some implementations, the gNB-DU may be a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0088] In some embodiments, a first sensing mode may be performed in the wireless communications system 200A. The first sensing mode is also referred to as a monostatic sensing mode.
[0089] In some embodiments, in the first sensing mode, a sensing signal is transmitted by a RAN node and received or measured by the RAN node itself. In such embodiments, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver.
[0090] For example, in the wireless communications system 200A, the first network node 210 transmits a sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected by the sensing object 212. The first network node 210 receives the reflected signal associated with the sensing signal.
[0091] In some embodiments, the sensing signal may also be referred to as a sensing reference signal (RS) . For example, the sensing signal may comprise at least one of the following: a new type of reference signal, a tracking reference signal (TRS) , a positioning reference signal (PRS) , or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0092] Alternatively, the first network node 210 transmits a sensing signal set or a sensing signal burst.
[0093] Fig. 2B illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 200B that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0094] The wireless communications system 200B is different from the wireless communications system 200A in that the wireless communications system 200B may further comprise a third network node 230.
[0095] In some implementations, each of the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a RAN node. For example, each of the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a gNB, a TRP or a DU.
[0096] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CN node. For example, the second network node 220 may be implemented as an SF that is responsible for sensing session management in the CN 106. Alternatively, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU.
[0097] In some implementations, a second sensing mode may be performed in the wireless communications system 200B. The second sensing mode is also referred to as a BS bistatic mode.
[0098] In some implementations, in the second sensing mode, a sensing signal is transmitted by a RAN node and received or measured by another RAN node. In such implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a sensing transmitter and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a sensing receiver.
[0099] For example, in the wireless communications system 200B, the first network node 210 transmits a sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected by the sensing object 212. The third network node 230 receives the reflected signal associated with the sensing signal.
[0100] Fig. 2C illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 200C that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0101] The wireless communications system 200C is different from the wireless communications system 200A in that the wireless communications system 200C may further comprise the UE 104.
[0102] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a RAN node. For example, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a gNB, a TRP or a DU.
[0103] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CN node. For example, the second network node 220 may be implemented as an SF that is responsible for sensing session management in the CN 106. Alternatively, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU.
[0104] In some implementations, a third sensing mode may be performed in the wireless communications system 200C. The third sensing mode is also referred to as a BS-UE bistatic mode.
[0105] In some implementations, in the third sensing mode, a sensing signal is transmitted by a RAN node and received or measured by the UE 104. In such implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a sensing transmitter and the UE 104 may be implemented as a sensing receiver.
[0106] For example, in the wireless communications system 200C, the first network node 210 transmits a sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected by the sensing object 212. The UE 104 receives the reflected signal associated with the sensing signal.
[0107] Alternatively, in some implementations, a fourth sensing mode may be performed in the wireless communications system 200C. The fourth sensing mode is also referred to as a UE-BS bistatic mode.
[0108] In some implementations, in the fourth sensing mode, a sensing signal is transmitted by the UE 104 and received or measured by the RAN node. In such implementations, the UE 104 may be implemented as a sensing transmitter and the first network node 210 may be implemented as a sensing receiver.
[0109] For example, in the wireless communications system 200C, the UE 104 transmits a sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected by the sensing object 212. The first network node 210 receives the reflected signal associated with the sensing signal.
[0110] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 300 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 and some example implementations of the process 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C.
[0111] As shown in Fig. 3, the first network node 210 transmits 310, to the second network node 220, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node.
[0112] The second network node 220 selects 320 at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0113] The second network node 220 transmits 330, to the first network node 210, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0114] In turn, the first network node 210 performs 340 switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0115] With the process 300, balance between radio resource efficiency and the satisfaction of sensing QoS requirements may be achieved.
[0116] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, different sensing signal transmission patterns may be defined or predefined.
[0117] In some implementations, the sensing signal transmission patterns may comprise one or more sparse sensing signal transmission patterns. In a sparse sensing signal transmission pattern, on one or more selected beams, the first network node 210 transmits sensing signals, a sensing signal set or a sensing signal burst with a longer periodicity e.g., one signal burst every 100ms. For example, on beam #1 (the beam with Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) index#1) , the first network node 210 transmits the sensing signals with a longer periodicity (and / or a smaller bandwidth) . That is, the interval of sensing signal occasions (or signal burst) is 100ms. The sensing signals may also be called as sensing reference signals, such as a new type of reference signal, TRS, PRS or CSI-RS) . In some examples, the sparse sensing signal transmission pattern may be referred to as a “pulse” or “pulse-like” pattern.
[0118] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the sensing signal transmission patterns may comprise one or more dense sensing signal transmission patterns. In a dense sensing signal transmission pattern, over one or more beams or all beams, the first network node 210 transmits dense sensing signals, either with a shorter periodicity (and / or greater bandwidth) , or continuously in each OFDM symbol or transmission time interval (TTI) . For example, on beam #1 (the beam with SSB index#1) , the first network node 210 transmits the sensing signals with a shorter periodicity, e.g., 1ms. That is, the interval of the sensing signal occasions (or sensing signal burst) is 1ms. In some examples, the dense signal transmission pattern may be referred to as a “continuous wave (CW) ” pattern.
[0119] In some implementations, the sensing signal transmission patterns may be per beam. For example, a first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a first beam, and a second sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a second beam. The first beam may be different from the second beam.
[0120] In some examples, there may be multiple sensing signal transmission patterns which includes multiple sparse signal transmission patterns and dense signal transmission patterns with different periodicities. For example, a first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a first periodicity, and a second sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a second periodicity. The first periodicity may be different from the second periodicity.
[0121] In some implementations, the sensing signal transmission patterns may be per bandwidth. For example, a first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a first bandwidth, and a second sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth may be different from the second bandwidth.
[0122] In some implementations, the sensing signal transmission patterns may be per TRP or DU. For example, a first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a first TRP or first DU, and a second sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with a second TRP or second DU. The first sensing signal transmission pattern may be transmitted by the first TRP or first DU. The second sensing signal transmission pattern may be transmitted by the second TRP or second DU.
[0123] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may perform switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern based on determining that at least one condition is fulfilled. In the present disclosure, a condition for triggering pattern switching is also referred to as a pattern switching event or event.
[0124] In some implementations, the at least one condition may comprise at least one of the following: a first condition associated with detection of a sensing object or reflected signals from the sensing object, a second condition associated with measured qualities of the reflected signal, or a third condition associated with reception of a request for the switching. In such implementations, if at least one of the first condition, the second condition or the third condition is fulfilled, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a first sensing transmission pattern to a second sensing transmission pattern. The first periodicity of the first sensing transmission pattern is longer than the second periodicity of the second sensing transmission pattern, or the first bandwidth of the first sensing transmission pattern is less than the second bandwidth of the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0125] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals. Upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detects any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0126] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detecting any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0127] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a first number of consecutive sensing signal occasions. The first number is represented by N. Upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detects the sensing object or the reflected signals in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0128] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detecting any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0129] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a second number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration. The second number is represented by M. Upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detects the sensing object or the reflected signals in M sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0130] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detecting any sensing object or the reflected signal of any sensing object in every or all or a certain number of (the accumulated number of) sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0131] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration. Upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in the third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0132] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, upon the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 detecting any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object in a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0133] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than a threshold. The measured qualities of the reflected signals may be in metric of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) , Reference Signal Received Path Power (RSRPP) , Time of Arrival (TOA) , Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) , Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler value, velocity, Angle of Arrival (AOA) , or Zenith of Arrival (ZOA) .
[0134] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or higher than a threshold, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0135] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in N consecutive sensing signal occasions.
[0136] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or higher than the threshold in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0137] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in M sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration.
[0138] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or higher than the threshold in every or all or a certain number of (the accumulated number of) sensing signal occasion during a configured duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0139] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.
[0140] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or higher than the threshold in a certain ratio / percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a pattern #1 to a pattern #2, e.g., from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern.
[0141] In some implementations, upon reception of a request for the switching from the second network node 220 or the third network node 230, the first network node 210 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0142] For example, in the wireless communications system 200A, upon reception of a request for the switching from the second network node 220, the first network node 210 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0143] For another example, in the wireless communications system 200B, upon reception of a request for the switching from the second network node 220 or the third network node 230, the first network node 210 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0144] In some implementations, the request for the switching may indicate to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0145] Alternatively, in some implementations, the request for the switching may indicate at least one of the first condition and the second condition is fulfilled. In such implementations, the request for the switching may comprise an ID of the at least one of the first condition and the second condition (or event) .
[0146] Alternatively, in some implementations, the request for the switching may indicate the measured qualities of the reflected signals. For example, the request for the switching may comprise RSRP, RSRPP, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler value, velocity, AOA, or ZOA of the reflected signals.
[0147] To summarize, Table 1 gives examples of the first condition, the second condition and the third condition (or event) . Table 1
[0148] In some implementations, the at least one condition may comprise at least one of the following: a fourth condition associated with failure of detection of a sensing object or reflected signals from the sensing object, a fifth condition associated with measured qualities of the reflected signal, or a sixth condition associated with reception of a request for the switching. In such implementations, if at least one of the fourth condition, the fifth condition or the sixth condition is fulfilled, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a first sensing transmission pattern to a second sensing transmission pattern. The first periodicity of the first sensing transmission pattern is shorter than the second periodicity of the second sensing transmission pattern, or the first bandwidth of the first sensing transmission pattern is greater than the second bandwidth of the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0149] In some implementations, the fourth condition may comprise failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals. When the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0150] For example, when the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern.
[0151] In some implementations, the fourth condition may comprise failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in P consecutive sensing signal occasions. When the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0152] For example, when the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern.
[0153] In some implementations, the fourth condition may comprise failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in M sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration. When the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object in M sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0154] For example, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 starts a timer when detects any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object in a sensing signal occasion. The first network node 210 or the third network node 230 may re-start the timer when detecting any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object in any following sensing signal occasions. When the timer expires, if the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 may switch the sensing transmission pattern from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern.
[0155] In some implementations, the fifth condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than a threshold. The measured qualities of the reflected signals may be in metric of RSRP, RSRPP, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler value, velocity, AOA, or ZOA.
[0156] For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or lower than a threshold, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern.
[0157] In some implementations, the fifth condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a third number of consecutive sensing signal occasions. The third number is represented by P.
[0158] For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or lower than the threshold in P consecutive sensing signal occasions, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern.
[0159] In some implementations, the fifth condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a fourth number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration.
[0160] For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal or lower that a threshold in every or all or a certain number of (the accumulated number of) sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern.
[0161] In some implementations, the fifth condition may comprise the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.
[0162] For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal or lower that a threshold in a certain ratio / percentage of sensing signal occasion during a configured duration, the first network node 210 or the third network node 230 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern.
[0163] In some implementations, upon reception of a request for the switching from the second network node 220 or the third network node 230, the first network node 210 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0164] For example, in the wireless communications system 200A, upon reception of a request for the switching from the second network node 220, the first network node 210 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0165] For another example, in the wireless communications system 200B, upon reception of a request for the switching from the second network node 220 or the third network node 230, the first network node 210 determines to switch the sensing transmission pattern from the first sensing transmission pattern to the second sensing transmission pattern.
[0166] In some implementations, the request for the switching may indicate to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0167] Alternatively, in some implementations, the request for the switching may indicate at least one of the fourth condition and the fifth condition is fulfilled. In such implementations, the request for the switching may comprise an ID of the at least one of the first condition and the second condition (or event) .
[0168] Alternatively, in some implementations, the request for the switching may indicate the measured qualities of the reflected signals. For example, the request for the switching may comprise RSRP, RSRPP, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler value, velocity, AOA, or ZOA of the reflected signals.
[0169] To summarize, Table 2 gives examples of the fourth condition, the fifth condition and the sixth condition (or event) . Table 2
[0170] Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 500 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 300. The process 500 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220 and the sensing object 212 in Fig. 2A. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 and some example implementations of the process 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A.
[0171] Generally, a monostatic sensing mode may be performed in the process 500. In the monostatic sensing mode, the first network node 210 transmits a sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected by the sensing object 212. The first network node 210 receives the reflected signal associated with the sensing signal.
[0172] In addition, in the process 500, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a RAN node, such as a gNB or a TRP. The second network node 220 may be implemented as a CN node that is responsible for sensing session management. In the process 500, the first network node 210 is also referred to as a RAN node 210 or RAN sensing node 210, and the second network node 220 is also referred to as a CN node 220 or CN sensing node 220.
[0173] As shown in Fig. 5, the RAN node 210 transmits 510, to the CN node 220, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the RAN node 210. The sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node 210 (such as a RAN node) are also referred to as supported sensing signal transmission patterns for brevity.
[0174] To perform sensing function, a direct interface may be established between the RAN node 210 and the CN node 220. During the establishment of the interface, the RAN node 210 may transmit its supported sensing signal transmission patterns to the CN node 220. The supported sensing signal transmission patterns may comprise multiple patterns. For example, the supported sensing signal transmission patterns may comprise a sparse pattern 1 with sensing signals periodicity#1, a sparse pattern 2 with sensing signals periodicity#2, a dense pattern 1 with sensing signals periodicity#3, and a dense pattern 2 with sensing signals periodicity#4. The supported sensing signal transmission patterns may comprise multiple patterns for multiple beams, wherein different beams may be associated with different patterns. In this case, the RAN node 210 may provide the CN node 220 with the corresponding beam ID, SSB index or Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state ID of the beam.
[0175] In some implementations, the supported sensing signal transmission patterns may be per TRP or per DU. In this case, the RAN node 210 may provide the CN node 220 with the TRP ID and DU ID.
[0176] Besides the supported sensing signal transmission patterns, the RAN node 210 may also provide the corresponding supported sensing signal reception patterns to the CN node 220. The reception patterns may indicate one or more time-frequency resources the Rx RAN node may use to detect the reflected signals.
[0177] The CN node 220 selects 520 one or more sensing signal transmission patterns from the supported sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0178] The CN node 220 transmits 530 a configuration for the one or more sensing signal transmission patterns to the RAN node 210.
[0179] For example, when the CN node 220 determines to trigger a sensing session, e.g., for detecting an object, the CN node 220 transmits the configuration information of sensing signals to the RAN node 220 for the sensing session.
[0180] In some implementations, the configuration information of sensing signals may comprise the configuration for the one or more sensing signal transmission patterns. The one or more sensing signal transmission patterns may be used for the sensing session. The CN node 220 may also indicate an initial sensing signal transmission pattern that the RAN node 210 should use for the sensing session. The patterns to be used for the sensing session may be represented by an index or an ID. The corresponding beam ID, e.g., SSB index or TCI state ID may also be provided to the RAN node 210.
[0181] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the configuration information of sensing signals may comprise a pattern switching configuration. The pattern switching configuration comprises the events or IDs of the events to trigger the switching of sensing signal transmission patterns. Some implementations of the events have been described above.
[0182] In some implementations, the pattern switching configuration may also comprise the events’ parameters. For example, for the event 1 in Table 1, the value of field ‘N’ or length of the configured time duration should be provided. For the event 2 in Table 1, the quantity and corresponding threshold should also be configured. For the event 4 in Table 2, the value of field ‘P’ or length of the configured time duration should be provided. For the event 5 in Table 2, the quantity and corresponding threshold should also be configured.
[0183] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the configuration information of sensing signals may comprise a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern. Each sensing signal reception pattern is associated with a respective sensing signal transmission pattern. For each sensing signal transmission pattern, the respective sensing signal reception pattern may also be provided, which may also be represented by an index or an ID.
[0184] The RAN node 210 starts the sensing session with using a first sensing signal transmission pattern among the received one or more sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0185] When the RAN node 210 receives the configuration information of sensing signals for a sensing session, the RAN node 210 may use the initial sensing signal transmission pattern for transmitting 540 sensing signals if the initial sensing signal transmission pattern is provided. If the initial sensing signal transmission pattern is not provided, the RAN node 210 may select the sparsest one of the received one or more sensing signal transmission patterns for transmitting the sensing signals over one or more corresponding beams.
[0186] The RAN node 210 determines 550 to perform the switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0187] When at least one condition is fulfilled, the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0188] For example, if the first condition (i.e., event 1) is configured, upon the RAN node 210 detecting any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object (e.g., in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern. For example, the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0189] If the second condition (i.e., event 2) is configured, and if the measured quality of the reflected signal is above a threshold (e.g., in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern For example, the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0190] If the fourth condition (i.e., event 4) is configured, when the RAN node 210 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object (e.g., in P consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern For example, the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0191] If the fifth condition (i.e., event 5) is configured, the measured quality of the reflected signal is below a threshold (e.g., in P consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern For example, the RAN node 210 determines to perform the switching from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0192] When the RAN node 210 performs the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, the RAN node 210 also switches to the sensing signal reception pattern associated with the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0193] In some implementations, after performing the switching to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, the RAN node 210 may inform the CN node 220 that the newly used sensing signal transmission pattern (i.e., the second sensing signal transmission pattern) , which can also be represented by an ID or an index. In some examples, the RAN node 210 transmits the newly used sensing signal transmission pattern together with sensing data or sensing results.
[0194] In some implementations, after performing the switching to the sensing signal reception pattern associated with the second sensing signal transmission pattern, the RAN node 210 may inform the CN node 220 that the newly used sensing signal reception pattern, which can also be represented by an ID or an index. In some examples, the RAN node 210 transmits the newly used sensing signal reception pattern together with sensing data or sensing results.
[0195] In some implementations, the CN node 220 may request the RAN node 210 to switch to a certain sensing signal transmission / reception pattern directly.
[0196] In some implementations, the RAN node 210 determines which pattern is used for a sensing session by itself. The RAN node 210 indicates the CN node 220 the determined pattern. After receiving 560 some sensing report, the CN node 220 gives some assisted information to the RAN node 210 for adjusting the patterns. The assisted information indicates that more sensing signal resources are needed, the sensing accuracy is not satisfied. After receiving the assisted information, the RAN node 210 can increase more sensing signals or increase sensing signal periodicity or determines 570 to perform switching to more dense pattern.
[0197] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 600 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 600 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 300. The process 600 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220 and the sensing object 212 in Fig. 2A. For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 and some example implementations of the process 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A.
[0198] Generally, a monostatic sensing mode may be performed in the process 600. In the monostatic sensing mode, the first network node 210 transmits a sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected by the sensing object 212. The first network node 210 receives the reflected signal associated with the sensing signal.
[0199] In addition, in the process 600, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU. The second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU that is responsible for sensing session management. In the process 600, the first network node 210 is also referred to as a DU 210, and the second network node 220 is also referred to as a CU 220.
[0200] As shown in Fig. 6, the DU 210 transmits 610, to the CU 220, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the DU 210. The sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node 210 (such as a DU) are also referred to as supported sensing signal transmission patterns for brevity.
[0201] The action 610 is similar to the action 510 in Fig. 5. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0202] The CU 220 selects 620 one or more sensing signal transmission patterns from the supported sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0203] The CU 220 transmits 630 a configuration for the one or more sensing signal transmission patterns to the DU 210.
[0204] For example, when the CU 220 determines to trigger a sensing session, e.g., for detecting an object, the CU 220 transmits the configuration information of sensing signals to the DU 220 for the sensing session.
[0205] In some implementations, the configuration information of sensing signals may comprise the configuration for the one or more sensing signal transmission patterns. The one or more sensing signal transmission patterns may be used for the sensing session. The CU 220 may also indicate an initial sensing signal transmission pattern that the DU 210 should use for the sensing session. The patterns to be used for the sensing session may be represented by an index or an ID. The corresponding beam ID, e.g., SSB index or TCI state ID may also be provided to the DU 210.
[0206] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the configuration information of sensing signals may comprise a pattern switching configuration. The pattern switching configuration comprises the events or IDs of the events to trigger the switching of sensing signal transmission patterns. Some implementations of the events have been described above.
[0207] In some implementations, the pattern switching configuration may also comprise the events’ parameters. For example, for the event 1 in Table 1, the value of field ‘N’ or length of the configured time duration should be provided. For the event 2 in Table 1, the quantity and corresponding threshold should also be configured. For the event 4 in Table 2, the value of field ‘P’ or length of the configured time duration should be provided. For the event 5 in Table 2, the quantity and corresponding threshold should also be configured.
[0208] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the configuration information of sensing signals may comprise a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern. Each sensing signal reception pattern is associated with a respective sensing signal transmission pattern. For each sensing signal transmission pattern, the respective sensing signal reception pattern may also be provided, which may also be represented by an index or an ID.
[0209] The DU 210 starts the sensing session with using a first sensing signal transmission pattern among the received one or more sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0210] When the DU 210 receives the configuration information of sensing signals for a sensing session, the DU 210 may use the initial sensing signal transmission pattern for transmitting 640 sensing signals if the initial sensing signal transmission pattern is provided. If the initial sensing signal transmission pattern is not provided, the DU 210 may select the sparsest one of the received one or more sensing signal transmission patterns for transmitting the sensing signals over one or more corresponding beams.
[0211] The DU 210 determines 650 to perform the switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0212] When at least one condition is fulfilled, the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0213] For example, if the first condition (i.e., event 1) is configured, upon the DU 210 detecting any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object (e.g., in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern. For example, the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0214] If the second condition (i.e., event 2) is configured, and if the measured quality of the reflected signal is above a threshold (e.g., in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern For example, the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from a sparse pattern to a dense pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0215] If the fourth condition (i.e., event 4) is configured, when the DU 210 does not detect any sensing object or the reflected signal from any sensing object (e.g., in P consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern For example, the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0216] If the fifth condition (i.e., event 5) is configured, the measured quality of the reflected signal is below a threshold (e.g., in P consecutive sensing signal occasions, or in every sensing signal occasion during a configured duration) , the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern For example, the DU 210 determines to perform the switching from a dense pattern to a sparse pattern, as shown in Fig. 4.
[0217] When the DU 210 performs the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, the DU 210 also switches to the sensing signal reception pattern associated with the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0218] In some implementations, after performing the switching to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, the DU 210 may inform the CU 220 that the newly used sensing signal transmission pattern (i.e., the second sensing signal transmission pattern) , which can also be represented by an ID or an index. In some examples, the DU 210 transmits the newly used sensing signal transmission pattern together with sensing data or sensing results.
[0219] In some implementations, after performing the switching to the sensing signal reception pattern associated with the second sensing signal transmission pattern, the DU 210 may inform the CU 220 that the newly used sensing signal reception pattern, which can also be represented by an ID or an index. In some examples, the DU 210 transmits the newly used sensing signal reception pattern together with sensing data or sensing results.
[0220] In some implementations, the CU 220 may request the DU 210 to switch to a certain sensing signal transmission / reception pattern directly.
[0221] In some implementations, the DU 210 determines which pattern is used for a sensing session by itself. The DU 210 indicates the CU 220 the determined pattern. After receiving 660 some sensing report, the CU 220 gives some assisted information to the DU 210 for adjusting the patterns. The assisted information indicates that more sensing signal resources are needed, the sensing accuracy is not satisfied. After receiving the assisted information, the DU 210 can increase more sensing signals or increase sensing signal periodicity or determines 670 to perform switching to more dense pattern.
[0222] Fig. 7 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 700 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 700 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 300. The process 700 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220, the third network node 230 and the sensing object 212 in Fig. 2B. For the purpose of discussion, the process 700 and some example implementations of the process 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 2B.
[0223] Generally, a monostatic sensing mode may be performed in the process 700. In the bi-static sensing mode, the first network node 210 transmits a sensing signal. The sensing signal is reflected by the sensing object 212. The third network node 230 receives the reflected signal associated with the sensing signal.
[0224] In addition, in the process 700, each of the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a RAN node, such as a gNB or a TRP. The second network node 220 may be implemented as a CN node that is responsible for sensing session management. In the process 700, the first network node 210 is also referred to as a Tx RAN node 210 or Tx RAN sensing node 210, the third network node 230 is also referred to as an Rx RAN node 230 or Rx RAN sensing node 230, and the second network node 220 is also referred to as a CN node 220 or CN sensing node 220.
[0225] As shown in Fig. 7, the Tx RAN node 210 transmits 710, to the CN node 220, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the RAN node 210. The sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node 210 (such as a RAN node) are also referred to as supported sensing signal transmission patterns for brevity.
[0226] The action 710 is similar to the action 510 in Fig. 5. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0227] In some implementations, the Rx RAN node 230 may also provide information related to supported sensing signal reception patterns to the CN node 220. The CN node 220 may determine the selected transmission pattern and reception pattern considering the information from both the Tx RAN node 210 and the Rx RAN node 230.
[0228] The CN node 220 selects 715 one or more sensing signal transmission patterns from the supported sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0229] The CN node 220 transmits 720 a configuration for the one or more sensing signal transmission patterns to the Tx RAN node 210.
[0230] The CN node 220 may also indicate the initial sensing signal transmission pattern that the Tx RAN node 210 should use for the sensing session. The pattern may be represented by an index or an ID. The corresponding beam ID e.g., SSB index or TCI state ID may also be provided.
[0231] The action 720 is similar to the action 530 in Fig. 5. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0232] The CN node 220 transmits 725 a configuration for one or more sensing signal reception patterns to the Rx RAN node 230.
[0233] In some implementations, the configuration for one or more sensing signal reception patterns may comprise the sensing signal reception patterns which are associated with the sensing signal transmission patterns
[0234] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the configuration for one or more sensing signal reception patterns may comprise a pattern switching configuration. The pattern switching configuration comprises the events or IDs of the events to trigger the switching of sensing signal transmission patterns. Some implementations of the events have been described above.
[0235] In some implementations, the pattern switching configuration may also comprise the events’ parameters. For example, for the event 1 in Table 1, the value of field ‘N’ or length of the configured time duration should be provided. For the event 2 in Table 1, the quantity and corresponding threshold should also be configured. For the event 4 in Table 2, the value of field ‘P’ or length of the configured time duration should be provided. For the event 5 in Table 2, the quantity and corresponding threshold should also be configured.
[0236] In some implementations, the CN node 220 may also provide the configuration for one or more sensing signal transmission patterns to the Rx RAN node 230.
[0237] Alternatively, the Tx RAN node 210 may provide 730 the configuration for one or more sensing signal transmission patterns to the Rx RAN node 230.
[0238] Alternatively, in some implementations, the Tx RAN node 210 may provides the configuration for the one or more sensing signal reception patterns to the Rx RAN node 230 directly.
[0239] The Tx RAN node 210 starts 735 the sensing session with using the sensing signal transmission pattern
[0240] The action 735 is similar to the action 540 in Fig. 5. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0241] The Rx RAN node 230 uses 740 the sensing signal reception pattern to detect sensing signal
[0242] In some implementations, the Rx RAN node 230 may use the sensing signal reception pattern corresponding to the initial sensing signal transmission pattern to detect the sensing signal or object.
[0243] When at least one condition is fulfilled, the Rx RAN node 230 determines 745 to perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0244] The action 745 is similar to the action 550 in Fig. 5. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0245] The Rx RAN node 230 requests 750 the Tx RAN node 210 to switch the sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0246] In some implementations, the Rx RAN node 230 may request the Tx RAN node 210 to switch to a certain pattern (such as the second sensing signal transmission pattern) .
[0247] In some implementations, the Rx RAN node 230 may provide which events are fulfilled that trigger the switching. The corresponding event IDs are provided.
[0248] In some implementations, the Rx RAN node 230 may also provide the measured qualities of (e.g., RSRP, RSRPP, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler value, velocity, AOA, ZOA, and so on) to the Tx RAN node 210.
[0249] The Tx RAN node 210 performs 755 the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0250] When receiving the request from the Rx RAN node 230, the Tx RAN node 210 may perform the switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0251] The Tx RAN node 210 may transmit 760 an acknowledge to the Rx RAN node 230 which may include the newly used sensing signal transmission pattern (i.e., the second sensing signal transmission pattern) to the Rx RAN node 230.
[0252] When receiving the acknowledge from the Tx RAN node 210, the Rx RAN node 230 applies the sensing signal reception pattern accordingly.
[0253] Alternatively, in some implementations, the Rx RAN node 230 may request the CN node 220 to switch the sensing signal transmission pattern, and then the CN node 220 forwards the request to the Tx RAN node 210. The Tx RAN node 210 may transmit an acknowledge to the CN node 220, and then the CN node 220 forwards it to the Rx RAN node 230.
[0254] In turn, the Rx RAN node 230 may transmit 765 a sensing report to the CN node 220.
[0255] In some implementations, the process 700 may be applied to the CU-DU split case. In the CU-DU split case, the CN node 220 may be replaced by a CU, the Tx RAN node 210 may be replaced by one DU (referred to as a Tx sensing DU) , and the Rx RAN node 230 may be replaced by another DU (referred to as an Rx sensing DU) . The signalling exchanged is achieved by the interface between CU-DU (e.g., F1 or F1 like) .
[0256] In such implementations, the Rx sensing DU may request the Tx sensing DU to switch the sensing signal transmission pattern.
[0257] In some implementations, the process 700 may be applied to the BS-UE bistatic mode as shown in Fig. 2C. In this case, the Rx RAN node 230 may be replaced by the UE 104.
[0258] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a device 800 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 800 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 800 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 802, a memory 804, a transceiver 806, and, optionally, an I / O controller 808. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0259] The processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0260] In some implementations, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) .
[0261] For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the device 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; receiving, from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and performing switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0262] Alternatively, the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, to from a first network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; selecting at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and transmitting, to the first network node, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0263] Alternatively, the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern; and receiving reflected signals from a sensing object based on a first sensing signal reception pattern among the at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by a first network node.
[0264] Fig. 9 illustrates an example of a processer 900 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0265] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0266] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0267] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 904. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 900.
[0268] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
[0269] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization) . For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0270] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0271] The processor 900 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; receiving, from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and performing switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0272] Alternatively, the processor 900 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, to from a first network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node; selecting at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; and transmitting, to the first network node, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.
[0273] Alternatively, the processor 900 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern; and receiving reflected signals from a sensing object based on a first sensing signal reception pattern among the at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by a first network node.
[0274] Fig. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the first network node 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0275] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C.
[0276] At 1020, the method may include receiving, from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C.
[0277] At 1030, the method may include performing switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns. The operations of 1030 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1030 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C.
[0278] Fig. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the second network node 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0279] At 1110, the method may include receiving, to from a first network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C.
[0280] At 1120, the method may include selecting at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C.
[0281] At 1130, the method may include transmitting, to the first network node, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns. The operations of 1130 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 2C.
[0282] Fig. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 that supports switching between sensing signal transmission patterns in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by the third network node 230 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0283] At 1210, the method may include receiving a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2C.
[0284] At 1220, the method may include receiving reflected signals from a sensing object based on a first sensing signal reception pattern among the at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by a first network node. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2C.
[0285] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 are also applicable to the device 800, the processor 900 as well as the methods 1000 to 1200.
[0286] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0287] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0288] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0289] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0290] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0291] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node;receive, via the transceiver from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; andperform switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.2.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern based on determining that at least one condition is fulfilled; andwherein the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following:a first condition associated with detection of a sensing object or reflected signals from the sensing object, wherein the reflected signals are associated with the sensing signals;a second condition associated with measured qualities of the reflected signal which is equal to or higher than a threshold;a third condition associated with reception of a request for the switching;a fourth condition associated with failure of detection of a sensing object or reflected signals from the sensing object, wherein the reflected signals are associated with the sensing signals; ora fifth condition associated with the measured qualities of the reflected signal which is equal to or lower than the threshold.3.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with at least one of the following: a first periodicity, a first bandwidth, or a first beam, a first transmission-reception point (TRP) ; andwherein the second sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with at least one of the following: a second periodicity, a second bandwidth, or a second beam, a second TRP.4.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the first condition comprises one of the following:as long as detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals,detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a first number of consecutive sensing signal occasions,detecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a second number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, anddetecting the sensing object or the reflected signals in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.5.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the second condition comprises one of the following:the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than a threshold,the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in a first number of consecutive sensing signal occasions,the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in a second number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, andthe measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or higher than the threshold in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.6.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the fourth condition comprises one of the following:failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals,failure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in a first number of consecutive sensing signal occasions, andfailure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in a second number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, andfailure of detection of the sensing object or the reflected signals in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.7.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the fifth condition comprises one of the following:the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than a threshold,the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a third number of consecutive sensing signal occasions,the measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a fourth number of sensing signal occasions during a configured time duration, andthe measured qualities of the reflected signals being equal to or lower than the threshold in a third percentage of sensing signal occasions during the configured time duration.8.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the request for the switching indicates at least one of the following:to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern,at least one of the fourth condition and the fifth condition is fulfilled, orthe measured qualities of the reflected signals.9.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive a pattern switching configuration via the transceiver from the second network node, wherein the pattern switching configuration comprises information related to the at least one condition.10.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:after performing switching from the first sensing signal transmission pattern to the second sensing signal transmission pattern, transmit information related to the second sensing signal transmission pattern via the transceiver to the second network node or a third network node, wherein the second network node manages a sensing session, and the third network node receives the reflected signals.11.A second network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver to from a first network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node;select at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; andtransmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, a configuration for the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.12.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, a request for switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.13.The second network node of claim 12, wherein the request for the switching indicates at least one of the following:to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern,at least one condition is fulfilled to trigger the switching, ormeasured qualities of reflected signals from a sensing object, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by the first network node.14.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns indicates that the first sensing signal transmission pattern is used as an initial sensing signal transmission pattern for a sensing session.15.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a pattern switching configuration via the transceiver to the first network node, wherein the pattern switching configuration comprises information related to at least one condition for triggering the switching.16.A third network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive a configuration for at least one sensing signal reception pattern; andreceive reflected signals from a sensing object based on a first sensing signal reception pattern among the at least one sensing signal reception pattern, wherein the reflected signals are associated with sensing signals transmitted by a first network node.17.The third network node of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:based on determining that at least one condition is fulfilled, transmit to the first network node a request for switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern, wherein the first sensing signal transmission pattern is associated with the first sensing signal reception pattern.18.The third network node of claim 17, wherein the request for the switching indicates at least one of the following:to switch to the second sensing signal transmission pattern,at least one condition is fulfilled to trigger the switching, ormeasured qualities of reflected signals.19.The third network node of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive information related to the second sensing signal transmission pattern via the transceiver from the first network node.20.A method for wireless communication, comprising:transmitting, to a second network node, information related to sensing signal transmission patterns supported by the first network node;receiving, from the second network node, a configuration for at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns; andperforming switching from a first sensing signal transmission pattern to a second sensing signal transmission pattern among the at least one of the sensing signal transmission patterns.