Housing assembly and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of antennas, and provide a housing assembly and an electronic device, for use in mitigating the problems of degraded call quality or inaccurate satellite positioning caused by electronic devices failing to align with satellites. The housing assembly comprises a housing, a decorative ring, a feed end, and a first ground end. At least a part of the decorative ring is configured as a radiator of a first antenna, the antenna being used for receiving and / or transmitting a first signal. The first ground end is arranged on a first half ring, and is coupled to a ground plane. The feed end excites the first ground end and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance in a first operating frequency band. The feed end is further used for exciting the first ground end and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a second resonance in a second operating frequency band. In a linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna, positions where the linear polarization gains of the antenna are large are distributed at two ends of an antenna pattern.

Description

A housing assembly and an electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510068593.3, filed on January 15, 2025, entitled "A Housing Assembly and an Electronic Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a housing assembly and electronic device. Background Technology

[0003] With the continuous development of communication technology, satellite calling and satellite positioning functions are gradually being integrated into electronic devices. Satellite calling provides communication services to users in areas not covered by cellular networks. However, the performance of the satellite antenna and the quality of satellite calls depend on the satellite alignment of the electronic device. Currently, users experience problems such as degraded call quality or inaccurate satellite positioning due to failed satellite alignment, thus reducing the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a housing assembly and an electronic device to mitigate problems such as decreased call quality or inaccurate satellite positioning caused by the failure of electronic devices to connect to satellites.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] One aspect of this application provides a housing assembly including a housing, a decorative ring, a feed terminal, and a first ground terminal. A lens aperture is formed on the housing. The housing includes a first side and a second side. The lens aperture is located between the first and second sides. The lens aperture is positioned closer to the first side than the second side. The decorative ring is disposed around the periphery of the lens aperture and has a predetermined first geometric center and a first centerline. The first geometric center is located on the first centerline, and the first centerline is perpendicular to the first side. The decorative ring is divided into a first half-ring and a second half-ring by the first centerline. At least a portion of the decorative ring is configured as a radiator of a first antenna, which is used to receive and / or transmit a first signal having a first operating frequency band. The feed terminal is disposed on the decorative ring. The first ground terminal is disposed on the first half-ring and is coupled to a ground plane. The feed terminal is used to excite the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance in the first operating frequency band. Furthermore, the feed terminal is also used to excite the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a second resonance in a second operating frequency band. Wherein, any frequency in the second operating frequency band is less than any frequency in the first operating frequency band.

[0007] As described above, the lens aperture is located between the first and second sides. The lens aperture is positioned closer to the first side than the second side. At least a portion of the decorative ring is configured as a radiator of the first antenna. The feed end can excite the first grounding terminal, located on the first half-ring of the decorative ring, and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance in a first operating frequency band. Wherein, when the first grounding terminal is on the first half-ring, in the linear polarization pattern of the first antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring), the positions with higher linear polarization gain of the antenna are distributed at both ends of the antenna pattern, pointing towards the first and second sides respectively. For example, when holding the electronic device with the aforementioned housing assembly, the first side can point towards the sky. At this time, the position with higher linear polarization gain of the antenna points towards the first side, i.e., towards the sky. This makes it easier for users to improve the efficiency and accuracy of satellite alignment during satellite communication or satellite positioning, alleviating problems such as decreased call quality or inaccurate satellite positioning caused by satellite alignment failure of the electronic device. Alternatively, as another example, when the aforementioned electronic device is located in the user's pocket, the second side can point towards the sky. At this time, the position with higher linear polarization gain of the antenna points towards the second side, i.e., towards the sky. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of electronic devices in satellite communication when users are being paged, thereby increasing the chances of successfully paged users.

[0008] Since any frequency in the second operating frequency band is less than any frequency in the first operating frequency band, the first resonance in the first operating frequency band can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring) operates in a higher-order mode. The second resonance in the second operating frequency band can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna operates in the fundamental mode. The first resonance can be the principal resonance of the radiator of the first antenna, that is, the higher-order mode of the radiator of the first antenna is the principal mode. Therefore, the resonant frequency of the principal mode is the frequency in the first operating frequency band with the larger value. In this way, without setting a large number of grounding terminals, the resonant frequency of the principal mode can reach the frequency of the satellite communication frequency band, thereby alleviating the problem of the decorative ring being pushed up due to a large number of grounding terminals.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the ratio f02 / f01 of the center frequency point f02 of the second operating frequency band and the center frequency point f01 of the first operating frequency band satisfies: 1 / 3≤f02 / f01≤2 / 3, which allows the first resonance to be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first ray is operating in a higher-order mode, and allows the second resonance to be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first ray is operating in a fundamental mode.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the first signal is a signal received and / or transmitted by the first satellite system, and when the radiator of the first antenna resonates, the rotation direction of the antenna is consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system. This allows for effective signal transmission between the radiator of the first antenna and the first satellite system.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the housing has a second geometric center and a second centerline, with the second geometric center located at the second centerline. The second centerline is parallel to the first side. The housing is divided into a first region and a second region by the second centerline, with the first side located in the first region and the second side located in the second region. In the first region, the antenna's rotation direction is consistent with that of the first satellite system. This way, when the antenna's linear polarization gain is higher and faces the first side, and when the user holds the electronic device so that the first side of the device points towards the sky, effective signal transmission between the antenna radiator and the first satellite system can be achieved while improving satellite targeting efficiency and accuracy. Alternatively, in the second region, the antenna's rotation direction is consistent with that of the first satellite system. This way, when the antenna's linear polarization gain is higher and faces the second side, and the electronic device is located in the user's pocket or trouser pocket, and the electronic device is in a satellite communication paging state, the efficiency and accuracy of satellite targeting can be improved, thereby increasing the probability of the user being successfully paging.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the antenna has a linear polarization gain g0, a left-hand circular polarization component gain gl, and a right-hand circular polarization component gain gr. Within a preset beam angle range, the antenna has a left-hand circular polarization loss Δgl and a right-hand circular polarization loss Δgr. Where Δgl = |g0 - gl|, 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 6 dBi, the antenna's rotation direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system. Alternatively, Δgr = |g0 - gr|; 0 ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi, the antenna's rotation direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system. As can be seen from the above, as long as the left-hand circular polarization loss Δgl and the right-hand circular polarization loss Δgr are within the range of 0 to 6 dBi, the antenna's rotation direction can be considered consistent with the receiving and / or transmitting rotation direction of the first satellite system.

[0013] In one optional implementation, if 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 2 dBi and Δgl < Δgr, then the rotation direction of the first satellite system and the antenna are left-handed. For example, in the first region mentioned above, Δgl = 1.59 dBi, and Δgr can be within the range of 3 dBi ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi, then the rotation direction of the first satellite system is left-handed, and the rotation direction of the antenna is also left-handed. In this case, the first satellite system can be a high-orbit satellite communication system, such as the Tiantong satellite system. In this way, the rotation direction of the antenna is also left-handed, consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system, thereby ensuring effective signal transmission between the radiator of the first antenna and the first satellite system. Furthermore, when Δgl ≤ 1.5 dBi, the left-handed circular polarization pattern of the antenna has good circular polarization characteristics. Alternatively, if 0 ≤ Δgr ≤ 2 dBi and Δgr < Δgl, then the rotation direction of the first satellite system and the antenna are right-handed. For example, in the second region mentioned above, Δgr = 0.24 dBi, and Δgl can be within the range of 3 dBi ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi. Therefore, the rotation direction of the first satellite system for receiving and / or transmitting is right-hand circular, and the antenna's rotation direction is also right-hand. This ensures effective signal transmission between the antenna radiator and the first satellite system, as the antenna's rotation direction is right-hand, consistent with the first satellite system's rotation direction. Furthermore, when Δgr ≤ 1.5 dBi, the left-hand circular polarization pattern of the antenna exhibits good circular polarization characteristics.

[0014] In one optional embodiment, the housing assembly further includes a second grounding terminal disposed on the first half-ring, spaced apart from the first grounding terminal. The second grounding terminal and the first grounding terminal have a first included angle α1, where α1 = 120° ± 30°. This allows the second grounding terminal to be located at the location of the current-intensive point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring). Therefore, when the feed end excites the first grounding terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance, the second grounding terminal has a smaller impact on the first resonance. Furthermore, with the first and second grounding terminals disposed on the decorative ring, the first included angle α1 between the second and first grounding terminals allows for a reduction in the size of the floating (i.e., ungrounded) metal portion with a large electrical length on the decorative ring. This satisfies the requirements for electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge during antenna design.

[0015] In one optional embodiment, the antenna is also used to receive and / or transmit a second signal having a third operating frequency band. Furthermore, the housing assembly includes a third ground terminal. This third ground terminal is disposed on the second half-ring. The third ground terminal is spaced apart from the first ground terminal. A second included angle α2, α2 = 120° ± 30°, is formed between the third ground terminal and the first ground terminal, allowing the third ground terminal to be located at the location of the current-strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring). Therefore, when the feed end excites the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance, the third ground terminal has a smaller impact on the first resonance. Similarly, with the first and third ground terminals disposed on the decorative ring, the requirements for electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge during antenna design can be met. The feed end excites the third ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a third resonance in the third operating frequency band. Wherein, any frequency in the third operating frequency band is greater than any frequency in the first operating frequency band. In this case, the aforementioned antenna can not only be paired with the first satellite system (e.g., the Tiantong satellite system), but also with the second satellite system (e.g., the Beidou satellite system) used to receive the second signal.

[0016] In one optional implementation, the second signal is a signal received by a second satellite system. The rotation direction of the antenna is consistent with that of the second satellite system. When the third resonance is generated by the radiator of the third ground terminal and the first antenna at the feed end, the left-hand circular polarization pattern has an upward-facing portion, and the rotation direction of the antenna is the same as the rotation direction of the second satellite system signal (e.g., right-hand), thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of satellite targeting between the electronic equipment and the aforementioned second satellite system, such as the BeiDou satellite system.

[0017] In one optional embodiment, the antenna is further configured to receive and / or transmit a third signal having a fourth operating frequency band. Furthermore, the housing assembly includes a fourth ground terminal and a fifth ground terminal. The fourth ground terminal is disposed on the first half-ring, spaced apart from the first ground terminal, and forms a third angle α3 between them, α3 = 120° ± 30°, thereby allowing the fourth ground terminal to be located at the location of the current-strong point of the first antenna radiator. The fifth ground terminal is disposed on the second half-ring, spaced apart from the first ground terminal, and forms a fourth angle α4 between them, α4 = 120° ± 30°, thereby allowing the fifth ground terminal to be located at the location of the current-strong point of the first antenna radiator. Therefore, when the feed end excites the first ground terminal and the first antenna radiator to generate a first resonance, the fourth and fifth ground terminals have a relatively small impact on the first resonance. Furthermore, the feed end excites the fourth and fifth ground terminals and the first antenna radiator to generate a fourth resonance in the fourth operating frequency band. In this configuration, any frequency within the fourth operating frequency band is less than any frequency within the first operating frequency band. Under these conditions, the feed terminal excites the radiators of the fourth and fifth grounding terminals and the first antenna to operate in the fundamental mode, generating a fourth resonance within the fourth operating frequency band. For example, the aforementioned fourth operating frequency band could be the L1 band of a Global Positioning System (GPS).

[0018] In one optional implementation, the first signal is a WIFI signal, which improves the applicability of the antenna in receiving and / or transmitting signals.

[0019] In one optional embodiment, the housing assembly further includes a sixth ground terminal and a first gating switch. The sixth ground terminal is disposed on the decorative ring, and the angle between the sixth ground terminal and the first centerline is ±15°. The first gating switch is coupled to the first ground terminal, the sixth ground terminal, and the ground plane, and is used to connect either the first ground terminal or the sixth ground terminal to the ground plane. When at least one of the first or sixth ground terminals is connected to the ground plane, the feed end excites the ground terminal connected to the ground plane and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance. Based on this, the radiation pattern when the first gating switch connects the first ground terminal to the ground plane, and the feed end excites the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate the first resonance, can be complementary to the radiation pattern when the first gating switch connects the sixth ground terminal to the ground plane, and the feed end excites the sixth ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate the first resonance. Therefore, by switching the first ground terminal or the sixth ground terminal to the ground plane using the first gating switch, the purpose of switching the beam and improving the beam coverage can be achieved.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the housing assembly further includes a seventh grounding terminal. The first grounding terminal is disposed on the decorative ring, and a sixth grounding terminal is located between the first and seventh grounding terminals. A first gating switch is also coupled to the seventh grounding terminal and is used to connect the first, sixth, or seventh grounding terminal to the ground. When at least one of the first, sixth, or seventh grounding terminals is connected to the ground, the feed terminal excites the grounding terminal connected to the ground and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance. Similarly, by switching the first, sixth, or seventh grounding terminal to be connected to the ground via the first gating switch, the purpose of switching the beam and improving beam coverage can be achieved.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the decorative ring further includes a third centerline perpendicular to the first centerline, the intersection of which coincides with the first geometric center. Additionally, the housing assembly includes an eighth grounding terminal and a second selector switch. The eighth grounding terminal is disposed on the decorative ring and is symmetrically arranged with the first grounding terminal about the third centerline. The second selector switch is coupled to both the first and eighth grounding terminals and is also used to connect either the first or eighth grounding terminal to the ground plane. When at least one of the first or eighth grounding terminals is connected to the ground plane, the feed terminal excites the grounding terminal connected to the ground plane and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance. Similarly, by switching the first or eighth grounding terminal to be connected to the ground plane using the second selector switch, the purpose of switching the beam and improving beam coverage can be achieved.

[0022] In one optional embodiment, a fifth included angle α5, α5 = 45° ± 15°, exists between the first grounding terminal and the third center line. The included angle between the eighth grounding terminal and the first grounding terminal and the horizontal direction, i.e., the aforementioned fifth included angle α5, can be the same as the included angle between the line connecting the top of the head and the ear canal and the horizontal direction in the human head model. In this way, when the human head model is rotated counterclockwise by about 45° so that the line connecting the top of the head and the ear canal is parallel to the vertical direction, the first grounding terminal and the eighth grounding terminal can face the sky, thereby facilitating the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring) to receive or transmit the aforementioned first signal (e.g., a satellite signal).

[0023] In one optional embodiment, a first gap is formed on the first half-ring, and a second gap is formed on the second half-ring. The first and second gaps divide the decorative ring into a first arc-shaped stub and a second arc-shaped stub. A power supply terminal is located at the first arc-shaped stub, and the power supply terminal is used to excite the first arc-shaped stub to generate a first mode. A first grounding terminal is located at the second arc-shaped stub, and the power supply terminal is used to excite the first grounding terminal and the second arc-shaped stub to generate a second mode; the resonant frequency of the first mode is greater than the resonant frequency of the second mode. A sixth angle α6, α6 = 60° ± 15°, is formed between the first gap and the first grounding terminal. A seventh angle α7, α7 = 60° ± 15°, is formed between the second gap and the first grounding terminal. This allows the first and second gaps to be located at the position of the current zero point of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring). The electric field component of the first mode generated by the first arc-shaped stub can be parallel to the ground, and the electric field component of the second mode generated by the second arc-shaped stub can be perpendicular to the ground. The aforementioned electric field components are orthogonal, thus making the first mode and the second mode orthogonal, forming a combined mode. This combined mode can have the same or approximately the same current distribution as the 1.5λ mode.

[0024] In one optional embodiment, the width of either the first gap or the second gap is 1mm ± 0.5mm, thereby enabling the power supply end to excite the first arc-shaped stub to generate the first mode described above, and the power supply end to excite the first grounding end and the second arc-shaped stub to generate the second mode described above.

[0025] In one optional embodiment, the first resonance corresponds to the 1.5λ mode of the radiator. The current distribution of the aforementioned 1.5λ mode has a first current zero, a second current zero, and a third current zero on the decorative ring. The second current zero is located in the first half-ring, the third current zero is located in the second half-ring, and the first current zero is located between the second and third current zeros. Furthermore, the current directions on both sides of the feed terminal are opposite, and the current directions on both sides of the first ground terminal are also opposite.

[0026] In another aspect of this application, an electronic device is provided, including a camera module and any of the housing components described above, wherein a lens hole on the housing component is used to expose at least a portion of the camera module. The above-described electronic device has the same technical effects as the housing component provided in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0027] In one alternative embodiment, the electronic device further includes a mid-frame comprising a first border and a second border, wherein a decorative ring in the housing assembly is disposed close to the first border relative to the second border. At least a portion of the first border is configured as a radiator of the second antenna. The second antenna is a satellite receiving antenna and a satellite transmitting antenna. At least a portion of the decorative ring is configured as a radiator of the first antenna, and the first antenna is a satellite receiving antenna. In this case, the electronic device provided in this application embodiment may have one satellite transmitting antenna and two satellite receiving antennas.

[0028] In another aspect of this application, a loop antenna structure is provided, which may include a decorative ring, a feed terminal, and a first ground terminal. The decorative ring has a predetermined first geometric center and a first center line, the first geometric center being located on the first center line. The decorative ring is divided into a first half-ring and a second half-ring by the first center line, and at least a portion of the decorative ring is configured as a radiator of the first antenna. The antenna is used to receive and / or transmit a first signal having a first operating frequency band. The feed terminal is disposed on the decorative ring. Furthermore, the first ground terminal is disposed on the first half-ring and is used for coupling with a ground plane; the feed terminal is used to excite the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance in the first operating frequency band. The above-described loop antenna structure has the same technical effects as the housing assembly provided in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0029] In one optional embodiment, the feed terminal is further used to excite the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a second resonance in the second operating frequency band. Any frequency in the second operating frequency band is lower than any frequency in the first operating frequency band. Similarly, the first resonance in the first operating frequency band can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring) operates in a higher-order mode. The second resonance in the second operating frequency band can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna operates in the fundamental mode. In this way, without needing to set a large number of ground terminals, the resonant frequency of the main mode can reach the frequency of the aforementioned satellite communication frequency band, thereby alleviating the problem of the decorative ring being pushed up due to a large number of ground terminals. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of a housing assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a middle frame provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 is an antenna return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of current distribution provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of a loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 6B shows a linear polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 6A.

[0039] Figure 6C is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 6D shows a left-hand circular polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 6A;

[0041] Figure 6E shows a right-hand circular polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 6A;

[0042] Figure 6F shows an axial ratio radiation pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 6A;

[0043] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 8(a), Figure 8(b), and Figure 8(c) show the linear polarization pattern, left-hand circular polarization pattern, and right-hand circular polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 7, respectively.

[0045] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 10(a), Figure 10(b), and Figure 10(c) show the linear polarization pattern, left-hand circular polarization pattern, and right-hand circular polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 9, respectively.

[0047] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of antenna radiation efficiency and system efficiency curves provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 12A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 12B shows a linear polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 12A;

[0050] Figure 13A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 13B shows a linear polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 13A;

[0052] Figure 14A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 14B shows a linear polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 14A;

[0054] Figure 15A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 15B shows a linear polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 15A;

[0056] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 17A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 17B is a return loss curve of one type of loop antenna structure shown in Figure 17A.

[0059] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of another current distribution provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another current distribution provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 20A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 20B is a return loss curve of one type of loop antenna structure shown in Figure 20A.

[0063] Figure 20C is a circular polarization gain diagram provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 20D is another circular polarization gain diagram provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 21A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 21B is a return loss curve of one type of loop antenna structure shown in Figure 21A.

[0067] Figure 22(a), Figure 22(b), and Figure 22(c) show the linear polarization pattern, left-hand circular polarization pattern, and right-hand circular polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 21A, respectively.

[0068] Figure 23A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 23B is a return loss curve of one type of loop antenna structure shown in Figure 23A.

[0070] Figure 24A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 24B is a return loss curve of one type of loop antenna structure shown in Figure 24A.

[0072] Figure 25(a) and Figure 25(b) are the linear polarization pattern and the left-hand circular polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 24A, respectively.

[0073] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 27(a) and Figure 27(b) are the linear polarization pattern and the left-hand circular polarization pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 26, respectively.

[0075] Figure 28A is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 28B is a return loss curve of one type of loop antenna structure shown in Figure 28A.

[0077] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0078] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the elevation angle of a satellite system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 32 is a planar radiation pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 31;

[0081] Figure 33 shows another planar radiation pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 31;

[0082] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of another antenna radiation efficiency and system efficiency curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of another loop antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 36 is a planar radiation pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 35;

[0085] Figure 37 shows another planar radiation pattern of the loop antenna structure shown in Figure 35.

[0086] Figure label: 01-Electronic device; 100-Housing assembly; 101-Middle frame; 102-Housing; 20-Decorative ring; 13-Display; 14-Circuit board; 15-Camera module; 30-Floor; 110-Lens hole; 16-Hinge; 111-First side; 112-Second side; 113-Third side; 114-Fourth side; 1011-First frame; 1012-Second frame; 1013-Third frame; 1014-Fourth frame; 201-First half ring; 202-Second half ring; G1-First ground terminal; F-Feed terminal; 301-First area; 302-Second area; 2011-First gap; 2012-Second gap; G2-Second ground terminal; G3-Third ground terminal; G4-Fourth ground terminal; G5-Fifth ground terminal; G6-Sixth ground terminal; 41-Tuning element; G7-Seventh ground terminal; G8-Eighth ground terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0087] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0088] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive convenience only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0089] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "horizontal," and "vertical" may be defined relative to the orientation in which the components are schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms can be relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation in which the components are placed in the accompanying drawings.

[0090] The limitations mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as symmetry (e.g., axial symmetry, or central symmetry), parallelism, perpendicularity, orthogonality, and similarity (e.g., same length, same width, etc.), are all relative to the current technological level, and not absolute and strict mathematical definitions. There may be a predetermined angular deviation between two mutually parallel or perpendicular components. In one embodiment, the predetermined angle can be an angle within the range of ±10°, for example, a predetermined angular deviation of ±5°.

[0091] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" may be a fixed mechanical connection, a detachable mechanical connection, or an integral part; or, "connection" may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0092] It should be noted that in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application, components are represented by guide lines with arrows; parts are represented by guide lines only; and hollow structures such as holes and openings are represented by arrows with wavy lines.

[0093] This application provides an electronic device that can be applied to various communication systems or protocols, such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Long Term Evolution (LTE). This electronic device may have a display function and can include mobile phones, tablets, televisions, smart wearable products (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets), virtual reality (VR) electronic devices, augmented reality (AR) electronic devices, positioning devices, etc. This application does not impose any special limitations on the specific form of the above-mentioned electronic device.

[0094] In some embodiments of this application, the electronic device may have a display function. For example, the electronic device 01 may be a candybar phone as shown in FIG. 1, and the electronic device 01 may include a housing assembly 100 and a display screen 13. For example, the housing assembly 100 may include a mid-frame 101 and a housing (or rear shell) 102. The mid-frame 101 may be disposed between the display screen 13 and the housing 102. The mid-frame 101 may provide support for the entire electronic device 01. The mid-frame 101 and the housing 102 may be connected as a single integral part.

[0095] For example, the aforementioned display screen 13 can be a self-emissive display screen, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display screen, a micro (or mini) light-emitting diode (LED) display screen, or a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) display screen, etc. Alternatively, as another example, the display screen 13 can also be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen that requires a backlight.

[0096] Furthermore, continuing as shown in FIG1, a receiving cavity may be formed between the middle frame 101 and the housing 102. The electronic device 01 may include a battery, a circuit board 14 disposed within the aforementioned receiving cavity, and at least one camera module 15 connected to the circuit board 14. In addition, the aforementioned electronic device 01 may also include components such as a processor, a sensor, a microphone, and a speaker disposed within the aforementioned receiving cavity.

[0097] Continuing with Figure 1, a lens hole 110 may be provided on the housing 102, which exposes at least a portion of the camera module 15. This application does not limit the type of the camera module 15. Furthermore, to decorate the lens hole 110, the housing assembly 100 may also include a decorative ring 20. The decorative ring 20 may be disposed around the periphery of the lens hole 110 to decorate it. Additionally, at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 may be configured as a radiator of a first antenna used to receive and / or transmit electromagnetic waves.

[0098] In this embodiment, the antenna can be used as a device for receiving (Rx) or transmitting (Tx) electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly interpreted as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the output of the communication chip into radio waves, or converts radio waves from the output of the communication chip into guided wave energy, to achieve radio wave radiation and reception. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) output from the communication chip is transmitted to the radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The radiator then converts electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiving end of the communication chip via the feed line.

[0099] For ease of description, an XYZ coordinate axis is established in the accompanying drawings. The XY surface formed by the X and Y directions can be parallel to the display surface (the surface used to display images) of the display screen 13. The Z direction can be perpendicular to the display surface of the display screen 13, that is, the Z direction can be the stacking direction of the housing 102, the middle frame 101, and the display screen 13. Figure 1 is an example illustration using a candybar computer as an example of electronic device 01.

[0100] Alternatively, in some other embodiments of this application, the electronic device 01 described above can be a folding machine as shown in FIG2. In this case, the electronic device 01 may include two middle frames (a first middle frame 101a and a second middle frame 101b, respectively) and a pivot 16. The first middle frame 101a and the second middle frame 101b are rotatably connected by the pivot 16 to realize the flattening and folding of the electronic device 01.

[0101] Continuing as shown in Figure 2, when the electronic device 01 is in the folded state, the display screen 13 can be nestled between the first middle frame 101a and the second middle frame 101b. For example, the first middle frame 101a may have the aforementioned lens hole 110, and the decorative ring 20 is arranged around the lens hole 110. The Y direction can be the extension direction of the pivot 16, and the Z direction can be the stacking direction of the first middle frame 101a and the second middle frame 101b when the electronic device 01 is in the folded state. The X direction is opposite to the Y direction and perpendicular to the Z direction.

[0102] The above example illustrates the case where electronic device 01 is a folding device, comprising two housings. In this case, electronic device 01 can be referred to as a two-fold folding device. This application does not limit the number of housings in electronic device 01; electronic device 01 can be a three-fold or more folding device. For ease of explanation, the following examples will use the aforementioned two-fold folding device as an example when electronic device 01 is a folding device.

[0103] Furthermore, the above examples are based on electronic devices having display functions. In other embodiments of this application, the electronic devices may not have display functions, and this application does not limit this. For ease of explanation, the following examples all use a candybar phone with a display function as an example.

[0104] Based on this, in order to enable the aforementioned electronic device 01 to have communication capabilities, as shown in FIG3A, the electronic device 01 may include a loop antenna structure 02, which may include a decorative ring 20. Furthermore, as described above, at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 may be configured as a radiator of the first antenna. The structure and placement of the decorative ring 20 are illustrated below. For example, the housing 102 may include a first side 111 and a second side 112. A lens aperture 110 may be located between the first side 111 and the second side 112. The lens aperture 110 may be positioned closer to the first side 111 than the second side 112.

[0105] In this configuration, when the user places the electronic device 01 as shown in Figure 3A, the first side 111 can be located at the top, and this first side 111 can be referred to as the top edge. The second side 112 is located at the bottom, and this second side 112 can be referred to as the bottom edge. The first side 111 and the second side 112 are positioned opposite each other. When the lens hole 110 is positioned close to the first side 111, the lens hole 110 can be located at the upper end of the electronic device 01. Based on this, the decorative ring 20 provided in the lens hole 110 can also be located at the upper end of the electronic device 01.

[0106] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 3A, the aforementioned housing 102 may also include a third side 113 and a fourth side 114 disposed opposite to each other. The first side 111, the third side 113, the second side 112, and the fourth side 114 may be connected sequentially to form a ring-shaped (e.g., rectangular ring) structure. The third side 113 is located on the right side, and this third side 113 may be referred to as the right side. The fourth side 114 is located on the left side, and this fourth side 114 may be referred to as the left side. The aforementioned lens hole 110 and decorative ring 20 may be disposed close to the third side 113 or close to the fourth side 114. Alternatively, the distance between the lens hole 110 and decorative ring 20 and the third side 113 may be equal to the distance between the lens hole 110 and decorative ring 20 and the fourth side 114. When the edge contour shape of the housing 102 is rectangular, the aforementioned first side 111, the second side 112, the third side 113, and the fourth side 114 may be the four edges of the housing 102.

[0107] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3B, the aforementioned middle frame 101 may include a first border 1011, a second border 1012, a third border 1013, and a fourth border 1014. The first border 1011, third border 1013, second border 1012, and fourth border 1014 can be sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped (e.g., rectangular ring) structure. Within the allowable range of manufacturing and installation tolerances, the position of the first side 111 (as shown in Figure 3A) can coincide with the position of the first border 1011. Similarly, the position of the second side 112 (as shown in Figure 3A) can coincide with the position of the second border 1012. Therefore, the aforementioned decorative ring 20 can be positioned close to the first border 1011 relative to the second border 1012. Furthermore, the position of the third side 113 (as shown in Figure 3A) can coincide with the position of the third border 1013, and the position of the fourth side 114 (as shown in Figure 3A) can coincide with the position of the fourth border 1014.

[0108] For example, any one of the first frame 1011, third frame 1013, second frame 1012, and fourth frame 1014 shown in FIG. 3B may include a metal branch made of metallic material, which may be configured as a radiator of the antenna to radiate electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, any one of the aforementioned frames may also include an insulating material, which may be used to fill the spaces between adjacent metal branches, thereby insulating the adjacent metal branches.

[0109] Continuing as shown in Figure 3A, the decorative ring 20 can have a preset first geometric center O1 and a first center line I1-I2. The first geometric center O1 can be located on the first center line I1-I2, and the first center line I1-I2 can be perpendicular to the first side 111. When the first side 111 and the second side 112 are parallel, and the third side 113 (or the fourth side 114) is perpendicular to the first side 111, the first center line I1-I2 can be perpendicular to the second side 112, and the first center line I1-I2 can also be parallel to the third side 113 (or the fourth side 114).

[0110] Based on this, continuing as shown in Figure 3A, the decorative ring 20 can be divided into a first half-ring 201 and a second half-ring 202 by the first center line I1-I2. Figure 3A is an example illustration with the first half-ring 201 as the right half-ring and the second half-ring 202 as the left half-ring. In this case, the first half-ring 201 is positioned closer to the third side 113, and the second half-ring 202 is positioned closer to the fourth side 114. Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the first half-ring 201 can be the left half-ring, and the second half-ring 202 can be the right half-ring. In this case, the first half-ring 201 is positioned closer to the fourth side 114, and the second half-ring 202 is positioned closer to the third side 113. This application does not limit this. For ease of explanation, most embodiments below are illustrated with the first half-ring 201 as the right half-ring and the second half-ring 202 as the left half-ring.

[0111] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3A, the preset first geometric center O1 of the decorative ring 20 can refer to the fact that the projection of the decorative ring 20 onto the plane of the middle frame 101 of the housing 102 (as shown in Figure 1) is a regular shape or approximately a regular shape. The center position of this regular shape can be called the preset first geometric center O1. For example, when the decorative ring 20 is an annular shape, the preset first geometric center O1 of the decorative ring 20 can be the center of the annular shape. Alternatively, the preset first geometric center O1 of the decorative ring 20 can also be the centroid of the decorative ring 20. Figure 3A is an example illustration using an annular decorative ring 20 as an example. In other embodiments, the decorative ring 20 can also be a rectangular ring, a triangular ring, or an irregular ring structure, etc., which are not limited in this application. For ease of explanation, the following illustrations all use an annular decorative ring 20 as an example.

[0112] Based on this, the aforementioned electronic device 01 may further include a floor 30 as shown in FIG. 1. In this application embodiment, floor 30 (GND) can broadly refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within the electronic device 01 (e.g., a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. Floor 30 (or ground) may include any one or more of the following: the grounding layer of the circuit board 14 of the electronic device 01, the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film below the display screen 13, the metal portion of the middle frame 101, the conductive grounding layer of the battery, and conductive or metal components electrically connected to the aforementioned grounding layer / ground plane / grounding metal layer. This application does not limit the shape of floor 30. Furthermore, floor 30 may have a gap between it and at least a portion of the decorative ring 20. For example, along the Z direction, floor 30 may have a gap with the decorative ring 20, which can serve as a radiation clearance for the decorative ring 20.

[0113] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0114] As described above, continuing as shown in Figure 3A, the loop antenna structure 02 may also include a feed terminal F and a first ground terminal G1. The feed terminal F may be disposed on the decorative ring 20. For example, the feed terminal F may be disposed on the first half-ring 201 or the second half-ring 202. Alternatively, for another example, the feed terminal F may be disposed at a position where the decorative ring 20 coincides with the first center line I1-I2. This application does not limit the placement of the feed terminal F on the decorative ring 20.

[0115] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 3A, the aforementioned first grounding terminal G1 can be disposed on the first half-ring 201, and the first grounding terminal G1 is coupled to the ground plane 30 (as shown in Figure 1). As described above, the decorative ring 20 can be divided into a first half-ring 201 and a second half-ring 202 by the first center line I1-I2. The aforementioned first grounding terminal G1 can be disposed on the first half-ring 201, therefore the positions of the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 do not overlap. Based on this, the feed terminal F is used to excite the first grounding terminal G1 and the radiator of the aforementioned first ray (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate a first resonance in the first operating frequency band f1.

[0116] In this application embodiment, the aforementioned feed terminal F and ground terminal (including the first ground terminal G1) can be considered as a segment of the radiator coupled to the decorative ring 20, the feed circuit (not shown in the figure), and the ground plane 30. The term "terminal" should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily an endpoint or end physically disconnected from other radiators; it can also be considered a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, "terminal" may include a coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures. For example, the feed terminal may be a connection region on the antenna radiator coupled to a part of the feed circuit, or a coupled connection region (e.g., a region facing a part of the feed circuit). Furthermore, in this application, the term "coupling" refers to the phenomenon where two or more components have a close fit and mutual influence, and transfer energy from one side to the other through interaction.

[0117] The first operating frequency band f1 described above is illustrated below. In some embodiments of this application, continuing as shown in FIG3A, when at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 is configured as a radiator of a first antenna, the radiator of the first antenna is used to receive and / or transmit electromagnetic waves, such as a first signal, which may have the aforementioned first operating frequency band f1. The first signal may be a signal received and / or transmitted by a first satellite system. For example, at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 may be configured as a radiator of a high-orbit satellite communication antenna, for example, the orbital altitude of the high-orbit satellite communication antenna may be approximately 35,786 kilometers. In this case, the aforementioned first signal may be a signal received and / or transmitted by the high-orbit satellite communication system (i.e., the aforementioned first satellite system). The first operating frequency band f1 generated by the aforementioned radiator may be the satellite operating frequency band of the high-orbit satellite communication antenna.

[0118] At this point, when the high-orbit satellite communication antenna can be used for voice calls, transmitting short messages (or short packets), or transmitting low-speed data, such as when the high-orbit satellite antenna is a Tiantong satellite antenna, the satellite operating frequency band of the high-orbit satellite communication antenna (i.e., the first operating frequency band f1) can include an uplink frequency band (e.g., 1980 / MHz to 2010 / MHz) and a downlink frequency band (e.g., 2170 / MHz to 2200 / MHz). For example, taking the first operating frequency band f1 as the downlink frequency band (e.g., 2170 / MHz to 2200 / MHz), the center frequency f01 of the first operating frequency band f1, as shown in Figure 4, can be 2.181136 GHz. The curve shown in Figure 4 is the S11 (antenna return loss) curve.

[0119] In this example, antenna return loss can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency. Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is typically negative. A smaller S11 parameter indicates a smaller antenna return loss and higher antenna radiation efficiency; a larger S11 parameter indicates a larger antenna return loss and lower antenna radiation efficiency.

[0120] In some embodiments of this application, the aforementioned feed terminal is also used to excite the first ground terminal G1 (as shown in FIG. 3A) and the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate a second resonance in the second operating frequency band f2. Any frequency in the second operating frequency band f2 can be lower than any frequency in the first operating frequency band f1. In this case, the first resonance having the first operating frequency band f1 can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) operates in a higher-order mode. The second resonance having the second operating frequency band f2 can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna operates in the fundamental mode.

[0121] Furthermore, the ratio f02 / f01 of the center frequency of the second operating frequency band f2 to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band can satisfy: 1 / 3 ≤ f02 / f01 ≤ 2 / 3. For example, when f01 = 2.1 GHz, 0.70 GHz ≤ f02 ≤ 1.4 GHz. As an example, the center frequency f02 of the second operating frequency band f2, as shown in Figure 4, can be 0.7199524 GHz.

[0122] Based on this, as described above, the radiator of the aforementioned first antenna can be a part of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 3A. When the size of the decorative ring 20 is large, the electrical size of the radiator of the first antenna also increases. The larger the electrical size of the radiator, the lower the antenna resonance, making it difficult to reach the target frequency band, such as the aforementioned satellite operating frequency band. Therefore, in order for the antenna to reach the aforementioned target frequency band, more grounding terminals can be provided to reduce the antenna's radiating aperture and achieve the purpose of increasing the resonant frequency. However, when the number of grounding terminals is large, the number of spring contacts electrically connecting the decorative ring 20 to the ground will increase accordingly. The increased support force of these spring contacts on the decorative ring 20 will cause the decorative ring 20 to be lifted, reducing the product's appearance and performance requirements.

[0123] To address the aforementioned issues, in some embodiments of this application, any frequency in the first operating frequency band f1 can be greater than any frequency in the second operating frequency band f2, and the ratio f02 / f01 can satisfy: 1 / 3 ≤ f02 / f01 ≤ 2 / 3. Therefore, the aforementioned first resonance can be the primary resonance of the radiator of the first ray, i.e., the higher-order mode of the radiator of the first ray is used as the primary mode. Thus, the resonant frequency of the primary mode is the frequency in the first operating frequency band f1, which has a larger value. In this way, without setting a large number of grounding terminals, the resonant frequency of the primary mode can reach the frequency of the aforementioned satellite communication frequency band, thereby alleviating the problem of the decorative ring 20 being lifted up due to a large number of grounding terminals. The above is an example illustrating the frequency of the higher-order mode and the fundamental mode, using the example that f02 / f01 can satisfy: 1 / 3 ≤ f02 / f01 ≤ 2 / 3. In other embodiments of this application, f02 can also be slightly greater than 2 / 3 times f01.

[0124] Furthermore, the above example illustrates that the first operating frequency band f1 can be the satellite operating frequency band of a high-orbit satellite communication antenna, and that the high-orbit satellite communication antenna is used for voice calls, transmitting short messages (or short packets), or transmitting low-speed data. Alternatively, if the first operating frequency band f1 is the satellite operating frequency band of a high-orbit satellite communication antenna, and the high-orbit satellite communication antenna is only used for transmitting short messages, for example, if the high-orbit satellite communication antenna is a BeiDou satellite antenna, then the satellite operating frequency band of the high-orbit satellite communication antenna (i.e., the first operating frequency band f1) can include an uplink frequency band (e.g., 1610 MHz to 1626 MHz) and a downlink frequency band (e.g., 2483 MHz to 2500 MHz). Similarly, the frequencies in the first operating frequency band f1 can be the resonant frequencies of the antenna's higher-order modes.

[0125] Alternatively, as another example, at least a portion of the aforementioned decorative ring 20 can be configured as a radiator of a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication antenna (i.e., a first antenna), the orbital altitude of which can be between 500 and 2000 kilometers, for example, 1175 kilometers. The first signal received and / or transmitted by the radiator of the aforementioned first antenna can be the signal received and / or transmitted by a first satellite communication system, i.e., the LEO satellite communication antenna system. The first operating frequency band f1 generated by the radiator of the aforementioned first antenna can be the satellite operating frequency band of the LEO satellite communication antenna. In this case, when the LEO satellite communication antenna is used for voice calls, radiating short messages, or transmitting low-speed data, the satellite operating frequency band of the LEO satellite communication antenna can include an uplink frequency band (e.g., 1668 MHz to 1675 MHz) and a downlink frequency band (e.g., 1518 MHz to 1525 MHz). Similarly, the frequencies in the first operating frequency band f1 can be the resonant frequencies of the antenna's higher-order modes.

[0126] The above example illustrates the situation where at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 is configured as a radiator of the first antenna, and the first signal received and / or transmitted by the radiator of the first antenna is a signal received and / or transmitted by the first satellite system. In other embodiments of this application, the first signal can be a wireless fidelity (WIFI) signal, i.e., a signal received and / or transmitted by a WIFI device. In this case, at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 can be configured as a radiator of a WIFI antenna (i.e., the first antenna). The first operating frequency band f1 generated by the radiator of the first antenna can be a WIFI communication frequency band, such as the WIFI 2.4G band (2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz) or the WIFI 5G band (5150 MHz to 5825 MHz). Similarly, the frequency in the first operating frequency band f1 can be the resonant frequency of the higher-order mode of the antenna.

[0127] As described above, at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 3A is not configured as a radiator of the first antenna. Under the excitation of the feed terminal F, the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna can generate a first resonance as a higher-order mode. Based on this, in some other embodiments of this application, at least a portion of the first frame 1011 shown in Figure 3B can also be configured as a radiator of the second antenna. This second antenna can be a satellite receiving antenna and a satellite transmitting antenna. The first antenna can be a satellite receiving antenna. In this case, the electronic device 01 provided in the embodiments of this application can have one satellite transmitting antenna and two satellite receiving antennas.

[0128] Alternatively, in some embodiments, either the second antenna or the first antenna can be a satellite receiving antenna and a satellite transmitting antenna. In this case, the electronic device 01 provided in this application embodiment can have two satellite transmitting antennas and two satellite receiving antennas. Alternatively, in some embodiments, when a switch can be provided between the feed source and the feed terminal F, and when the switch disconnects the feed source and the feed terminal F, at least a portion of the aforementioned decorative ring 20 can serve as a parasitic antenna of the first frame 1011.

[0129] The above example illustrates that at least a portion of the first border 1011 is configured as a radiator of the second antenna. In other embodiments of this application, at least a portion of any one of the second border 1012, the third border 1013, and the fourth border 1014 shown in FIG. 3B may also be configured as a radiator of the second antenna, and this application does not limit this.

[0130] Furthermore, when at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 is configured as a radiator of the first antenna, this application does not limit the type of the first antenna or the first signal received and / or transmitted by the radiator of the first antenna. For ease of explanation, the following illustration primarily uses the example of a high-orbit satellite communication antenna as the first antenna, where the aforementioned first signal can be a signal received and / or transmitted by a first satellite system (i.e., a high-orbit satellite communication antenna or a low-orbit satellite communication system).

[0131] As described above, continuing as shown in Figure 3A, the feed terminal F is used to excite the first ground terminal G1 located on the first half-ring 201 and the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1. In some embodiments of this application, as shown in Figure 5A, the first resonance may correspond to the 1.5λ mode of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20).

[0132] For example, when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) operates in 1.5λ mode, the current distribution in this 1.5λ mode on the decorative ring 20 may have a first current zero point (i.e., position B1), a second current zero point (i.e., position B2), and a third current zero point (i.e., position B3). The second current zero point (i.e., position B2) is located in the first half-ring 201, the third current zero point (i.e., position B3) is located in the second half-ring 202, and the first current zero point (i.e., position B1) may be located between the second current zero point (i.e., position B2) and the third current zero point (i.e., position B3). For example, the first current zero point (i.e., position B1) may coincide with the position of the feed terminal F. The position of the first ground terminal G1 may coincide with the position of the current strong point. Furthermore, the current directions on both sides of the first current zero point (i.e., position B1) may be opposite, and the current directions on both sides of the first ground terminal G1 may be opposite.

[0133] In the embodiments of this application, the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode of the antenna (such as half-wavelength mode, etc.) can refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna. It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiated signal in air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁸ m / s. The wavelength of the radiated signal in a medium can be calculated as follows: Wherein, ε is the relative permittivity of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of this application typically refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. Alternatively, it is not limited to the center frequency; the "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be simply calculated using the relative permittivity of the medium filling one or more sides of the radiator.

[0134] In this embodiment, the zero current point can be the location with the smallest current amplitude on the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20), and the strong current point can be the location with the largest current amplitude on the radiator of the first antenna. In some embodiments of this application, the location of the zero current point on the radiator of the first antenna may coincide with the location of the strong electric field point.

[0135] For example, point B1 in Figure 5A could be the location of the first current zero point, and point B1 in Figure 5B could also be the location of the first electric field strength point (the darker colored area). Similarly, point B2 in Figure 5A could be the location of the second current zero point, and point B2 in Figure 5B could also be the location of the second electric field strength point (the darker colored area). Point B3 in Figure 5A could be the location of the third current zero point, and point B3 in Figure 5B could also be the location of the third electric field strength point (the darker colored area).

[0136] As shown above, as illustrated in Figure 6A, taking the first half-ring 201 as the right half-ring and the second half-ring 202 as the left half-ring as an example, the first grounding terminal G1 can be set on the first half-ring 201. When the first grounding terminal G1 is in different positions on the first half-ring 201, the radiation pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20) will also change accordingly. For example, when the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 is about 30°, it can be seen from the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20) shown in Figure 6B that the antenna has a larger linear polarization gain (the darker color position), for example, position A1 facing the first side 111, that is, position A1 facing upwards.

[0137] At this time, when the aforementioned first signal is a signal received and / or transmitted by the satellite system, when the user holds the electronic device 01 so that its first side 111 (i.e., the top edge) points towards the sky, the position A1 with the higher linear polarization gain of the antenna faces the first side 111, thus allowing position A1 to face the sky (i.e., upwards). This makes it easier for the user to improve the efficiency and accuracy of satellite alignment during satellite communication or positioning, mitigating problems such as decreased call quality or inaccurate satellite positioning caused by the electronic device 01 failing to align with the satellite.

[0138] In this embodiment, the antenna pattern is also called the radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field as a function of direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is typically represented by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the direction of maximum antenna radiation. Furthermore, antenna gain characterizes the degree to which the antenna concentrates the radiated input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe and the smaller the side lobes of the antenna pattern, the higher the antenna gain.

[0139] Alternatively, as described above, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) shown in Figure 6B indicates that the position A2 with higher antenna gain faces the second side 112, i.e., position A2 faces downwards. In this case, when the first signal is received and / or transmitted by the first satellite system, and the user places the electronic device 01 into a pocket as shown in Figure 6C, the second side 112 (i.e., the bottom edge) of the electronic device 01 points towards the sky (i.e., upwards). Continuing as shown in Figure 6B, since the position A2 with higher antenna linear polarization gain faces the second side 112, this position A2 can face the sky. In this way, when the user is in a state of being paged via satellite communication, the efficiency and accuracy of the electronic device 01 in targeting the satellite can be improved, thereby increasing the probability of the user being successfully paged.

[0140] Furthermore, when the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 shown in Figure 6A is about 30°, a left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation pattern of the radiator of the first ray (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 6A) as shown in Figure 6D, and a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation pattern of the radiator of the first ray (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 6A) as shown in Figure 6E can be obtained.

[0141] The left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D can be considered the upper half of the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in Figure 6B. This upper half can be called the left-hand circular polarization component in the linear polarization pattern of the radiator. As shown in Figure 6D, the position A1 with the larger circular polarization gain of the antenna points towards the first side 111. The right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6E can be considered the lower half of the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in Figure 6B. This lower half can be called the right-hand circular polarization component in the linear polarization pattern of the radiator. As shown in Figure 6E, the position A2 with the larger circular polarization gain of the antenna points towards the second side 112. Therefore, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in Figure 6B can be considered as a combination of the left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D and the right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6E.

[0142] Furthermore, when the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 shown in Figure 6A is approximately 30°, the axial ratio radiation pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 6A) can be obtained as shown in Figure 6F. The axial ratio is an important parameter of a circularly polarized antenna, defined as the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the polarization ellipse. The axial ratio radiation pattern illustrates the variation of the axial ratio in different directions.

[0143] As shown in Figure 6F, in the aforementioned axial ratio pattern, axial ratio dips (lighter color, indicating lower gain, e.g., around 4.09 dB) appear at positions C1 and C2. These axial ratio dips at positions C1 and C2 are located at the upper left and lower right, respectively, indicating that the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 6A) can obtain the upward-sloping left-handed circular polarization characteristic shown in Figure 6D, and the downward-sloping right-handed circular polarization characteristic shown in Figure 6E. Furthermore, the region with poor circular polarization characteristics at position C3 (darker color, indicating higher gain, e.g., around 15 dB) coincides with the location of the first ground terminal G1 shown in Figure 6A. This region at position C3 can be considered a dividing line, with the upper right exhibiting the aforementioned left-handed circular polarization characteristic and the lower left exhibiting the aforementioned right-handed circular polarization characteristic.

[0144] Furthermore, when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in FIG. 6A) generates a first resonance, in order to enable effective signal transmission between the radiator of the first antenna and the first satellite system, when the first signal is a signal received and / or transmitted by the first satellite system, the rotation direction of the antenna can be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system (e.g., left-hand or right-hand rotation).

[0145] For example, continuing as shown in Figure 3A, the housing 102 has a second geometric center O2 and a second centerline I3-I4. The second geometric center O2 is located on the second centerline I3-I4, which can be parallel to the first side 111. The housing 102 can be divided into a first region 301 and a second region 302 by the second centerline I3-I4. The first side 111 can be located in the first region 301, and the second side 112 can be located in the second region 302. In this case, as shown in Figure 6B, when the position A1 with a larger linear polarization gain of the antenna faces the first side 111, the rotation direction of the antenna in the first region 301 can be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system. In this way, when the user holds the electronic device 01 so that the first side 111 (i.e., the top edge) of the electronic device 01 points to the sky, effective signal transmission can be achieved between the radiator of the first antenna and the first satellite system while improving the efficiency and accuracy of satellite targeting.

[0146] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 6B, when the antenna's linear polarization gain is higher at position A2 and faces the second side 112, the rotation direction of the antenna in the second region 302 can be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of the electronic device 01's satellite targeting when it is located in the user's pocket or trouser pocket and is in a paging state via satellite communication, thereby increasing the probability of the user being successfully paged.

[0147] The following example illustrates that the antenna's rotation direction can be consistent with that of the first satellite system. In some embodiments of this application, the antenna may have a linear polarization gain g0, a left-hand circular polarization component gain g1, and a right-hand circular polarization component gain gr. The linear polarization gain g0 can be obtained from the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 6B. For example, as shown in Figure 6B, the linear polarization gain g0 at positions A1 and A2 can be approximately 6.31 dBi. Furthermore, the left-hand circular polarization component gain g1 and the right-hand circular polarization component gain gr can be obtained from the circular polarization pattern. For example, as shown in Figure 6D (left-hand circular polarization pattern), the left-hand circular polarization component gain g1 at position A1 can be approximately 4.72 dBi. As shown in Figure 6E (right-hand circular polarization pattern), the right-hand circular polarization component gain gr at position A2 can be approximately 6.07 dBi. dBi is a relative unit of antenna gain, representing the antenna's gain in a specific direction compared to an ideal point source (e.g., omnidirectional radiation).

[0148] Based on this, within a preset beam angle range, the antenna has a left-handed polarization loss Δgl and a right-handed polarization loss Δgr. Where Δgl = |g0 - gl|, Δgr = |g0 - gr|. In some embodiments of this application, in the first region 301 or the second region 302 of FIG. 6B, when 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 6 dBi, or when 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 6 dBi, the rotation direction of the antenna can be considered to be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system.

[0149] The beam angle of an antenna refers to the angular range within which the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna spread in space. The aforementioned preset beam angle range refers to a specific angular range selected within the antenna's beam angle. This preset beam angle range is not limited and can be set based on the antenna's efficiency or the satellite's elevation angle.

[0150] For example, in the first region 301 shown in Figures 6B and 6D, as mentioned above, g0 = 6.31 dBi, gl = 4.72 dBi, and Δgl = |g0 - gl| = 1.59 dBi. 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 6 dBi. Therefore, in the first region 301, the antenna's rotation direction can be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system. For instance, in the first region 301, when Δgl = 1.59 dBi, Δgr can be 3 dBi ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi. At this time, the right-hand circular polarization component gain gr satisfies 0 ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi. Therefore, in the first region 301, the antenna's rotation direction can be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system.

[0151] Based on this, if 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 2 dBi and Δgl < Δgr, for example, in the first region 301 mentioned above, Δgl = 1.59 dBi, and Δgr can be within the range of 3 dBi ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi, then the rotation direction of the first satellite system is left-handed, and the rotation direction of the antenna is also left-handed. In this case, the first satellite system can be a high-orbit satellite communication system, and the high-orbit satellite communication antenna is used for voice calls, radiating short messages (or short packets), or transmitting low-speed data. In this way, when the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 shown in Figure 6A is about 30°, the rotation direction of the antenna is also left-handed, consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system, thereby ensuring effective signal transmission between the radiator of the first antenna and the first satellite system. In addition, when Δgl ≤ 1.5 dBi, the left-handed circular polarization pattern of the antenna has good circular polarization characteristics.

[0152] Furthermore, in the left-hand circular polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna shown in Figure 6D, the position A1 with higher antenna gain is oriented towards the first edge 111, i.e., position A1 is upward. Therefore, when the user holds the electronic device 01 so that the first edge 111 (i.e., the top edge) of the electronic device 01 points towards the sky, the efficiency and accuracy of star acquisition can be improved.

[0153] Alternatively, for example, in the second region 302 shown in Figures 6B and 6E, as mentioned above, g0 = 6.31 dBi, gr = 6.07 dBi, and Δgl = |g0 - gl| = 0.24 dBi. 0 ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi. Therefore, in the second region 302, the antenna's rotation direction can be the same as that of the first satellite system. For instance, in the second region 302, when Δgr = 0.24 dBi, Δgl can be 3 dBi ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi. In this case, the left-hand circular polarization component gain gr satisfies 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 6 dBi. Therefore, in the second region 302, the antenna's rotation direction can be the same as that of the first satellite system.

[0154] Based on this, if 0 ≤ Δgr ≤ 2 dBi and Δgr < Δgl, for example, in the second region 302 mentioned above, Δgr = 0.24 dBi, and Δgl can be within the range of 3 dBi ≤ Δgr ≤ 6 dBi, then the rotation direction of the first satellite system is right-handed, and the rotation direction of the antenna is also right-handed. Thus, when the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 shown in Figure 6A is approximately 30°, the rotation direction of the antenna is also right-handed, consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system, thereby ensuring effective signal transmission between the radiator of the first antenna and the first satellite system. Furthermore, when Δgr ≤ 1.5 dBi, the right-handed circular polarization pattern of the antenna exhibits good circular polarization characteristics.

[0155] Furthermore, in the right-hand circular polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna shown in Figure 6E, the position A2 with higher antenna gain faces the second side 112, i.e., position A2 faces downwards. Therefore, when the user places the electronic device 01 in a pocket as shown in Figure 6C, and the electronic device 01 is in a paged state, the efficiency and accuracy of satellite targeting can be improved.

[0156] Figure 6C illustrates an example where the electronic device 01 is located in a user's pocket, and the display screen 13 of the electronic device 01 faces away from the user's body, i.e., towards the outside. In other embodiments of this application, when the electronic device 01 is located in a user's pocket, the display screen 13 of the electronic device 01 may face the user's body, i.e., towards the inside; this application does not limit this to this.

[0157] When the first grounding terminal G1 is located in the right half ring, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna shown in FIG6B (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20 in FIG6A), the left-hand circular polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna shown in FIG6D, and the right-hand circular polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna shown in FIG6E are all examples illustrative of the user not holding the electronic device 01.

[0158] In some other embodiments of this application, when the first grounding terminal G1 is located on the right half of the ring, as shown in FIG7, when the user holds the electronic device 01 and the user's finger covers a portion of the decorative ring 20, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 in FIG7) is as shown in FIG8(a). The positions with higher antenna gain (darker colors), for example, position A1, face upwards, and position A2 faces downwards. Similarly, the left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in FIG8(b) can be the upper half of the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in FIG8(a), and the left-hand circular polarization pattern can still face upwards even if the user's finger covers a portion of the decorative ring 20. The right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in FIG8(c) can be the lower half of the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in FIG8(a), and similarly, the right-hand circular polarization pattern can still face downwards even if the user's finger covers a portion of the decorative ring 20.

[0159] Because the finger obstructs the decorative ring 20 (as shown in Figure 7), the radiation patterns shown in Figure 8(a), Figure 8(b), and Figure 8(c) typically have multiple radiation beams relative to Figures 6B, 6D, and 6E, respectively. The radiation beam with the highest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes. Side lobes occupy a certain amount of radiating energy, thus causing a decrease in antenna gain at locations with higher gain, such as position A1 or position A2.

[0160] Furthermore, in some other embodiments, when the first grounding terminal G1 is located on the right half of the ring, as shown in FIG9, when the user holds the electronic device 01 and the user's fingers do not cover part of the decorative ring 20, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least part of the decorative ring 20 in FIG9) is as shown in FIG10(a). The positions with higher antenna gain (darker colors), for example, position A1, face upwards, and position A2 faces downwards. Similarly, the left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in FIG10(b) can be the upper half of the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in FIG10(a), which can keep the left-hand circular polarization pattern facing upwards. The right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in FIG10(c) can be the lower half of the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in FIG10(a), which can keep the right-hand circular polarization pattern facing downwards.

[0161] Since the finger does not obstruct the decorative ring 20 (as shown in Figure 9), the radiation patterns shown in Figure 10(a), Figure 10(b), and Figure 10(c) are similar with respect to Figures 6B, 6D, and 6E, respectively. The antenna gain at positions with higher antenna gain, such as position A1 or position A2, does not change significantly.

[0162] Based on this, as shown in Figure 11, curve ① represents the radiation efficiency of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user's hand is not holding the electronic device 01. For example, when the radiator of the aforementioned first antenna generates the first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1, the center frequency point f01 of the first operating frequency band f1 can be 2.199654 GHz. At this time, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is -5.053203 dB, i.e., point 1 (2.199654, -5.053203). In this embodiment, radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna = antenna input power - loss power; loss power mainly includes return loss power and ohmic loss power of the metal and / or dielectric loss power. Metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0163] Curve ② in Figure 11 represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their hand, as shown in Figure 9, and their fingers do not obstruct the decorative ring 20. For example, when the radiator generates the first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1, the center frequency f01 of the first operating frequency band f1 can be 2.201089 GHz. At this time, the antenna's radiation efficiency is -5.896131 dB, i.e., point 2 (2.201089, -5.896131). It can be seen that even when the user holds the electronic device 01, but their fingers do not obstruct the decorative ring 20, the antenna's radiation efficiency (-5.896131 dB) is comparable to the antenna's radiation efficiency (-5.053203 dB) when the user does not hold the electronic device 01.

[0164] Curve ③ in Figure 11 represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20, as shown in Figure 7. For example, when the radiator of the aforementioned antenna generates the first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1, the center frequency f01 of the first operating frequency band f1 can be 2.199365 GHz. At this time, the antenna's radiation efficiency is -9.317875 dB, i.e., point 3 (2.199365, -9.317875). It can be seen that the antenna's radiation efficiency decreases when the user holds the electronic device with their hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20.

[0165] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 11, curve ④ represents the system efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user's hand is not holding the electronic device 01. Curve ⑤ represents the system efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user's hand is holding the electronic device 01, as shown in Figure 9, and the fingers are not blocking the decorative ring 20. Curve ⑥ represents the system efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user's hand is holding the electronic device 01, and the fingers are blocking the decorative ring 20, as shown in Figure 7. Similarly, it can be seen that when the user holds the electronic device 01, but the fingers do not block the decorative ring 20, the antenna's system efficiency is close to that when the user does not hold the electronic device 01. When the user holds the electronic device, and the fingers block the decorative ring 20, the antenna's system efficiency decreases. In this embodiment, system efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e., the power of the portion of electromagnetic waves effectively converted) to the antenna's input power. System efficiency is the actual efficiency after considering antenna port matching; that is, the system efficiency of an antenna is the actual efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna.

[0166] As can be seen from the above, as shown in Figure 6A, when the first grounding terminal G1 is set on the first half-ring 201 and the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 is about 30°, in the linear polarization pattern of the radiator shown in Figure 6B, the left-hand circular polarization component of the upper half faces the first side 111 (i.e., upward), and the right-hand circular polarization component of the lower half faces the second side 112 (i.e., downward).

[0167] Alternatively, in some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG12A, the angle between the first ground terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 can be approximately 60°. Compared to the scheme shown in FIG6A, the position of the first ground terminal G1 is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. As can be seen from the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 in FIG12A) shown in FIG12B, the positions with higher antenna gain (darker colors), such as position A1, still face upwards, and position A2 still faces downwards.

[0168] Furthermore, compared to the radiator linear polarization pattern of the first antenna shown in Figure 6B, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 12B is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. This rotation angle is the same as or approximately the same as the rotation angle of the first grounding terminal G1. Similarly, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 12B can also include a left-handed circular polarization component (located at position A1) as the upper half and a right-handed circular polarization component (located at position A2) as the lower half, with the left-handed circular polarization component pointing upwards and the right-handed circular polarization component pointing downwards.

[0169] Alternatively, in some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG13A, the angle between the first ground terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 can be approximately 90°. Compared to the scheme shown in FIG12A, the position of the first ground terminal G1 is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. As can be seen from the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 in FIG13A) shown in FIG13B, the positions with higher antenna gain (darker colors), such as position A1, still face upwards, and position A2 still faces downwards.

[0170] Furthermore, compared to the radiator linear polarization pattern of the first ray shown in Figure 12B, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 13B is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. This rotation angle is the same as or approximately the same as the rotation angle of the first grounding terminal G1. Similarly, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 13B can also include an upward-pointing left-handed circular polarization component (the portion located at position A1) and a downward-pointing right-handed circular polarization component (the portion located at position A2).

[0171] Alternatively, in some embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG14A, the angle between the first ground terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 can be approximately 120°. Compared to the scheme shown in FIG13A, the position of the first ground terminal G1 is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. As can be seen from the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 in FIG14A) shown in FIG14B, the positions with higher antenna gain (darker colors), such as position A1, still face upwards, and position A2 still faces downwards.

[0172] Furthermore, compared to the radiator linear polarization pattern of the first ray shown in Figure 13B, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 14B is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. This rotation angle is the same as or approximately the same as the rotation angle of the first grounding terminal G1. Similarly, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 14B can also include an upward-pointing left-handed circular polarization component (the portion located at position A1) and a downward-pointing right-handed circular polarization component (the portion located at position A2).

[0173] Alternatively, in some embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG15A, the angle between the first ground terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 can be approximately 120°. Compared to the scheme shown in FIG14A, the position of the first ground terminal G1 is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. As can be seen from the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 in FIG15A) shown in FIG15B, the positions with higher antenna gain (darker colors), such as position A1, still face upwards, and position A2 still faces downwards.

[0174] Furthermore, compared to the radiator linear polarization pattern of the first ray shown in Figure 14B, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 15B is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30°. This rotation angle is the same as or approximately the same as the rotation angle of the first grounding terminal G1. Similarly, the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 15B can also include an upward-pointing left-handed circular polarization component (the portion at position A1) and a downward-pointing right-handed circular polarization component (the portion at position A2).

[0175] As described above, taking the first half-ring 201 as the right half-ring and the second half-ring 202 as the left half-ring as an example, when the first grounding terminal G1 is located on the first half-ring 201, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) can include an upward left-hand circular polarization component and a downward right-hand circular polarization component. Furthermore, when the location of the first grounding terminal G1 is rotated counterclockwise to change, the location of the feed terminal F also rotates accordingly. In another embodiment, when the location of the first grounding terminal G1 changes, the location of the feed terminal F does not need to change. By providing a tuning element in the feed segment F, the radiator of the first antenna can also obtain the aforementioned linear polarization pattern, as well as a left-hand or right-hand circular polarization pattern.

[0176] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG16, taking the first half-ring 201 as the left half-ring and the second half-ring 202 as the right half-ring as an example, when the first grounding terminal G1 is disposed on the first half-ring 201, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) may include an upward right-hand circular polarization component and a downward left-hand circular polarization component. FIG16 is an example illustrating this with the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 being approximately 30°.

[0177] Similarly, as illustrated in Figure 16, when the position of the first grounding terminal G1 on the left half-ring (i.e., the first half-ring 201) changes, for example, by rotating clockwise, the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) also rotates clockwise. Furthermore, this linear polarization pattern can always include an upward-facing right-hand circular polarization component and a downward-facing left-hand circular polarization component. In this way, when the electronic device 01 with the aforementioned loop antenna structure 02 is placed vertically or in a user's pocket, the portion of the right-hand circular polarization component and the portion of the left-hand circular polarization component with the higher antenna gain can face the sky, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of satellite targeting.

[0178] Furthermore, for the scheme where the first grounding terminal G1 is located in either the left or right half of the decorative ring 20, when the position of the first grounding terminal G1 is changed, for example, when the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 is changed, the rotation direction of the antenna can be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system. This is similar to the method shown in Figure 6A when the angle between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first center line I1-I2 is 30°, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0179] In other embodiments of the application, in order to enable at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 to be configured as a radiator of the first antenna to generate the aforementioned first resonance, as shown in FIG17A, a first slit 2011 may be formed on the first half-ring 201 of the decorative ring 20, and a second slit 2012 may be formed on the second half-ring 202. For example, the first slit 2011 may have a sixth included angle α6 with the first ground terminal G1, α6 = 60° ± 15°. The second slit 2012 may have a seventh included angle α7 with the first ground terminal G1, α7 = 60° ± 15°. For example, either the sixth included angle α6 or the seventh included angle α7 may be 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, or 75°.

[0180] In this way, the first slit 2011 and the second slit 2012 can be opened at the location of the current zero point of the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20). For example, as shown in FIG18, the position of the first slit 2011 coincides with the second current zero point (i.e., the position of point B2), and the position of the second slit 2012 coincides with the third current zero point (i.e., the position of point B3).

[0181] Building upon this, as shown in Figure 17A, the first gap 2011 and the second gap 2012 divide the decorative ring 20 into a first arc-shaped stub 211 and a second arc-shaped stub 212. The feed terminal F is located at the first arc-shaped stub 211, and this feed terminal F can be used to excite the first arc-shaped stub 211 to generate a first mode. The resonant frequency of this first mode can be the frequency at point 1 shown in Figure 17B, approximately around 2.2 GHz.

[0182] When the first arc-shaped stub 211 generates the first mode, the current distribution diagram of the decorative ring 20 can be as shown in Figure 18. The current in the decorative ring 20 is mainly distributed on the first arc-shaped stub 211, and the current directions are opposite on both sides of the feed terminal F. The current can point from the feed terminal F to the second current zero point (i.e., position B2) or the third current zero point (i.e., position B3). The current distribution on the first arc-shaped stub 211 in Figure 18 can be the same as the current distribution on the upper left part of the second current zero point (i.e., position B2) and the third current zero point (i.e., position B3) in the decorative ring 20 in Figure 5A, satisfying that the current directions on both sides of the first current zero point (e.g., position F of the feed terminal) can be opposite.

[0183] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 17A, the first ground terminal G1 is located at the second arc-shaped stub 212, and the aforementioned feed terminal F is used to excite the first ground terminal G1 and the second arc-shaped stub 212 to generate a second mode. As shown in Figure 17B, the resonant frequency of the second mode can be the frequency at point 2, approximately around 1.9 GHz. In this case, the resonant frequency of the first mode (2.2 GHz) can be greater than the resonant frequency of the second mode (1.9 GHz).

[0184] When the second arc-shaped stub 212 generates the second mode, the current distribution diagram of the decorative ring 20 can be shown in Figure 19. The current in the decorative ring 20 is mainly distributed on the second arc-shaped stub 212, and the current directions are opposite on both sides of the first grounding terminal G1. The current can point from the first grounding terminal G1 to the second current zero point (i.e., point B2) or the third current zero point (i.e., point B3), or from the second current zero point (i.e., point B2) or the third current zero point (i.e., point B3) to the first grounding terminal G1. The current distribution on the first arc-shaped stub 211 in Figure 19 can be the same as the current distribution on the lower right side of the second current zero point (i.e., point B2) and the third current zero point (i.e., point B3) in the decorative ring 20 in Figure 5A, satisfying that the current directions on both sides of the first grounding terminal G1 can be opposite.

[0185] Therefore, the electric field component E1 of the first mode generated by the first arc-shaped stub 211 can be parallel to the floor 30 (as shown in Figure 1), and the electric field component E2 of the second mode generated by the second arc-shaped stub 212 can be perpendicular to the floor 30 (as shown in Figure 1). The electric field components E1 and E2 are orthogonal, thus making the first mode and the second mode orthogonal to form a combined mode.

[0186] The aforementioned combination mode can have the same or approximately the same current distribution as the 1.5λ mode shown in Figure 5A. The current distribution of the 1.5λ mode is as described above and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, when the first ground terminal G1 is located in the right half-ring and the resonant frequency of the first mode (2.2 GHz) is greater than the resonant frequency of the second mode (1.9 GHz), the linear polarization pattern, left-hand circular polarization pattern, and right-hand circular polarization pattern of the decorative ring 20 with the aforementioned first gap 2011 and second gap 2012 are similar to the linear polarization pattern shown in Figure 6B, the left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D, and the right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6E, respectively, and will not be repeated here. Alternatively, in some other embodiments of this application, the resonant frequency of the first mode may also be less than the resonant frequency of the second mode.

[0187] For example, to adjust the resonant frequency of the first mode and the resonant frequency of the second mode, for instance, to make the resonant frequency of the first mode (2.2 GHz) greater than the resonant frequency of the second mode (1.9 GHz), a tuning circuit can be provided at the aforementioned feed terminal F and the first ground terminal G1. This tuning circuit can include a switch and a tuning element (e.g., an inductor or a capacitor) coupled to the switch. The tuning circuit at the feed terminal F can adjust the magnitude of the resonant frequency of the first mode generated by the first arcuate stub 211 shown in FIG. 18. The tuning circuit at the first ground terminal G1 can adjust the magnitude of the resonant frequency of the second mode generated by the second arcuate stub 212 shown in FIG. 19. For example, in the above tuning circuit, the larger the inductor used, the smaller the obtained tuning frequency, and vice versa. Alternatively, in the above tuning circuit, the smaller the capacitor used, the larger the obtained tuning frequency, and vice versa.

[0188] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 17A, in order for the power supply terminal F to excite the first arc-shaped stub 211 to generate the aforementioned first mode, and for the power supply terminal F to excite the first ground terminal G1 and the second arc-shaped stub 212 to generate the aforementioned second mode, the width of either the first gap 2011 or the second gap 2012 can be 1mm ± 0.5mm. For example, the width of either the first gap 2011 or the second gap 2012 can be 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, or 1.5mm.

[0189] The above example illustrates a loop antenna structure 02 having one ground terminal, such as the first ground terminal G1 described above. In other embodiments of this application, the loop antenna structure 02 may have two or more ground terminals. Furthermore, the decorative ring 20 in the loop antenna structure 02 may have the first slit 2011 and the second slit 2012, or may not require the first slit 2011 and the second slit 2012. For ease of explanation, the following examples illustrate a loop antenna structure 02 having two or more ground terminals, and where the decorative ring 20 in the loop antenna structure 02 does not require the first slit 2011 and the second slit 2012.

[0190] In some embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG20A, the loop antenna structure 02 may include the aforementioned decorative ring 20 and the first grounding terminal G1. The arrangement and technical effects of the decorative ring 20 and the first grounding terminal G1 are the same as described above, and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, the loop antenna structure 02 may also include a second grounding terminal G2. The second grounding terminal G2 may be disposed on the first half-ring 201; therefore, the second grounding terminal G2 and the first grounding terminal G1 may be located on the same half-ring, for example, on the first half-ring 201. For ease of explanation, the following examples use the first half-ring 201 of the decorative ring 20 as the right half-ring and the second half-ring 202 as the left half-ring.

[0191] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 20A, the second grounding terminal G2 is spaced apart from the first grounding terminal G1, and the second grounding terminal G2 can have a first included angle α1 with the first grounding terminal G1, α1 = 120° ± 30°, so that the second grounding terminal G2 can be located at the location of the current strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20). For example, the aforementioned first included angle α1 can be 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, or 150°.

[0192] With the first grounding terminal G1 and the second grounding terminal G2 provided on the decorative ring 20, as shown by the S11 curve in Figure 20B, the first resonance generated by the feed terminal F exciting the first grounding terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a part of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 20A) is the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna operates in a higher-order mode, and the resonant frequency at point 1 is 2.179168 GHz. The first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1 can also be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20) operates in a higher-order mode. In addition, the feed terminal F also excites the first grounding terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna to resonate when operating in the fundamental mode, and the resonant frequency of this resonance at point 2 is 1.068036 GHz. Furthermore, since the decorative ring 20 is provided with a second grounding terminal G2, the power supply terminal F excites the second grounding terminal G2 and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a part of the decorative ring 20 shown in FIG20A) to resonate at a frequency of 2.067132GHz (position 3).

[0193] As described above, in Figure 20A, the second ground terminal G2 can be located at the location of the current-strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20). Therefore, when the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance, the influence of the second ground terminal G2 on the first resonance is relatively small. In this case, the first resonance of the radiator of the first antenna can correspond to the 1.5λ mode described above. At this time, the radiator of the first antenna can obtain a linear polarization pattern similar to that shown in Figure 6B, a left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D, a right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6E, and an axial ratio pattern shown in Figure 6F.

[0194] Furthermore, when the decorative ring 20 is provided with the aforementioned first grounding terminal G1 and second grounding terminal G2, since the second grounding terminal G2 and the first grounding terminal G1 have the aforementioned first included angle α1, the number of grounding terminals on the decorative ring 20 can be reduced by increasing the position of the grounding terminals. This reduces the size of the floating (i.e., ungrounded) metal portion of the decorative ring 20 with a large electrical length. This satisfies the requirements for electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge (ESD) during antenna design.

[0195] As described above, at least a portion of the first frame edge 1011 of the electronic device (as shown in Figure 3B) can also serve as a radiator for the second antenna. For example, when only at least a portion of the first frame edge 1011 acts as a radiator for the second antenna, generating the first resonance, as shown in Figure 20C (circular polarization gain diagram), the area of ​​the region with the highest antenna gain (>-2.5dBi) is relatively small. The areas of the remaining regions with lower antenna gains, such as regions with antenna gains >-4dBi, >-5.5dBi, and >6dBi, are all larger than the area of ​​the region with antenna gains >-2.5dBi.

[0196] For another example, when at least a portion of the first frame 1011 and at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 together serve as radiators of the first antenna, and a first resonance is generated under the excitation of the feed terminal F, as shown in Figure 20D (circular polarization gain diagram), the area of ​​the region with the highest antenna gain (>-2.5dBi) is effectively increased. The areas of the remaining regions with lower antenna gains, such as regions with antenna gains >-4dBi, antenna gains >-5.5dBi, and antenna gains >6dBi, are all reduced. Thus, when the radiator of the first antenna can have a left-handed radiation pattern upwards as shown in Figure 6D and a right-handed radiation pattern downwards as shown in Figure 6E, the gain of the entire first antenna radiator can reach approximately -6dBi, and the gain of most areas of the first antenna radiator can be greater than approximately -2dBi.

[0197] The above example illustrates a loop antenna structure 02 having two grounding terminals (e.g., a first grounding terminal G1 and a second grounding terminal G2), both of which are located on the same half-ring, such as the first half-ring 201. In other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG21A, the loop antenna structure 02 may include a third grounding terminal G3 in addition to the aforementioned first grounding terminal G1, which may be disposed on the second half-ring 202.

[0198] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 21A, the third grounding terminal G3 is spaced apart from the first grounding terminal G1, and a second included angle α2, α2 = 120° ± 15°, is formed between the third grounding terminal G3 and the first grounding terminal G1. This allows the third grounding terminal G3 to be located at the location of the current-strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20). For example, the second included angle α2 can be 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, or 150°. Similarly, with the first grounding terminal G1 and the third grounding terminal G3 provided on the decorative ring 20, the requirements for electromagnetic interference and ESD during antenna design can be met.

[0199] With the first grounding terminal G1 and the third grounding terminal G3 provided on the decorative ring 20, as shown by the S11 curve in FIG21B, the feed terminal F is used to excite the first grounding terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a part of the decorative ring 20 shown in FIG21A) to generate a first resonance, which is the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna operates in a higher-order mode. The frequency of this resonance is located in the first operating frequency band f1. For example, as can be seen from the above, when a high-orbit satellite communication antenna (e.g., a Tiantong satellite communication antenna) is used for voice calls, radiating short messages (or short packets), or transmitting low-speed data, the first operating frequency band f1 of the antenna for receiving and / or transmitting the first signal is the satellite operating frequency band of the first satellite communication system, i.e., the high-orbit satellite communication system. This satellite operating frequency band may include an uplink frequency band (e.g., 1980 / MHz to 2010 / MHz) and a downlink frequency band (e.g., 2170 / MHz to 2200 / MHz).

[0200] Taking the first operating frequency band f1 as the downlink frequency band (e.g., 2170 MHz to 2200 MHz) as an example, the center frequency point f01 of the first operating frequency band f1 can be located at point 1 as shown in Figure 21B, with a resonant frequency of approximately 2.2 GHz. The first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1 can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a part of the decorative ring 20) operates in a higher-order mode. Similarly, resonance is generated when the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the aforementioned first antenna operate in the fundamental mode, and the resonant frequency of this resonance at point 3 is approximately 0.6 GHz.

[0201] Furthermore, since the decorative ring 20 is provided with a third grounding terminal G3, the power supply terminal F excites the third grounding terminal G3 and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in FIG. 21A) to generate a third resonance with a third operating frequency band f3. Any frequency in the third operating frequency band f3 is greater than any frequency in the first operating frequency band f1.

[0202] For example, the antenna described above is also used to receive and / or transmit a second signal, which can be a signal received by a second satellite system. This second satellite system can be a high-orbit satellite communication system, such as the BeiDou satellite communication system. Furthermore, the second signal has the aforementioned third operating frequency band f3. This third operating frequency band f3 can be the satellite operating frequency band of the aforementioned second satellite system, such as the high-orbit satellite communication antenna, and this satellite operating frequency band can include a downlink frequency band (e.g., 2483 MHz to 2500 MHz).

[0203] Taking the third operating frequency band f3 as the downlink frequency band (e.g., 2483 MHz to 2500 MHz) as an example, the center frequency point f03 of the third operating frequency band f3 can be located at point 2 as shown in Figure 21B, with a resonant frequency of about 2.5 GHz. Similarly, when the feed terminal F excites the third ground terminal G3 and the radiator of the first antenna to operate in the fundamental mode, resonance is generated, and the resonant frequency of this resonance at point 4 is about 1.4 GHz.

[0204] As can be seen from the above, in Figure 21A, the third grounding terminal G3 can be located at the location of the current-strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20). Therefore, when the feed terminal F excites the first grounding terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance, the influence of the third grounding terminal G3 on the first resonance is relatively small.

[0205] In this case, the first resonance of the radiator of the first antenna can correspond to the 1.5λ mode described above. At this time, the radiator of the first antenna can obtain a linear polarization pattern similar to that shown in Figure 6B, a left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D, a right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6E, and an axial ratio pattern shown in Figure 6F. That is, in the left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D, the region where the antenna gain is higher, A1, faces upwards; and in the right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6E, the region where the antenna gain is higher, A2, faces downwards. Furthermore, when the high-orbit satellite communication antenna (e.g., the Tiantong satellite communication antenna) is used for voice calls, radiating short messages (or short parcels), or transmitting low-speed data, the rotation direction of the antenna can be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system (e.g., the Tiantong satellite system, used for voice calls or short parcel communication).

[0206] Furthermore, when the third resonance is generated by the excitation of the third ground terminal G3 and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in FIG. 21A) at the feed terminal F, it can be seen from the linear polarization pattern of the radiator of the first antenna in FIG. 22(a) that the antenna gain is higher (the darker colored position), for example, position A1 is upward and position A2 is downward. In the left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in FIG. 22(b), the region where the antenna gain is higher, position A2, is downward, and in the right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in FIG. 22(c), the region where the antenna gain is higher, position A1, is upward. Moreover, when the second satellite system is a high-orbit satellite communication system, such as the BeiDou satellite system, the rotation direction when the second satellite system receives signals can be right-handed, and the rotation direction of the antenna can be consistent with the rotation direction of the second satellite system. The method of setting the antenna rotation direction to be consistent with the rotation direction of the second satellite system is the same as the method of setting the antenna rotation direction to be consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system, and will not be described in detail here.

[0207] In summary, when the first signal is a signal received and / or transmitted by a first satellite system, such as the Tiantong satellite system, and the second signal is a signal received by a second satellite system, such as the Beidou satellite system, when the user holds the electronic device 01 so that the first side 111 of the electronic device 01 (as shown in Figure 3A) points to the sky, at the first resonance generated by the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator (at least a part of the decorative ring 20) of the first antenna, as shown in Figure 21A, the left-hand circular polarization pattern faces upward, and the direction of rotation of the antenna is the same as the direction of rotation of the first satellite system (e.g., left-hand rotation), thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the electronic device's alignment with the Tiantong satellite. Furthermore, when the third resonance is generated by the feed terminal F exciting the third ground terminal G3 and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) as shown in Figure 21A, as shown in Figure 22(b), the left-hand circular polarization pattern has an upward portion, and the direction of rotation of the antenna is the same as the direction of rotation when the second satellite system receives the signal (e.g., right-hand rotation), thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of electronic equipment and BeiDou satellite system in satellite alignment.

[0208] The above is an example illustrating a loop antenna structure 02 with two grounding terminals. In other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG23A, the loop antenna structure 02 may include a fourth grounding terminal G4 and a fifth grounding terminal G5 in addition to the first grounding terminal G1 mentioned above. The fourth grounding terminal G4 is disposed on the first half-ring 201, and the fifth grounding terminal G5 is disposed on the second half-ring 202.

[0209] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 23A, the fourth grounding terminal G4 is spaced apart from the first grounding terminal G1, and a third included angle α3, α3 = 120° ± 30°, is formed between the fourth grounding terminal G4 and the first grounding terminal G1. This allows the fourth grounding terminal G4 to be located at the location of the current-strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20). For example, the aforementioned third included angle α3 can be 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, or 150°. The fifth grounding terminal G5 is spaced apart from the first grounding terminal G1, and a fourth included angle α4, α4 = 120° ± 30°, is formed between the fifth grounding terminal G5 and the first grounding terminal G1. This allows the fifth grounding terminal G5 to be located at the location of the current-strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20). For example, the aforementioned fourth included angle α4 can be 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, or 150°. Similarly, with the aforementioned first grounding terminal G1, fourth grounding terminal G4, and fifth grounding terminal G5 provided on the decorative ring 20, the requirements for electromagnetic interference and ESD during antenna design can be met.

[0210] Furthermore, when the decorative ring 20 is equipped with the aforementioned first grounding terminal G1, fourth grounding terminal G4, and fifth grounding terminal G5, as shown by the S11 curve in Figure 23B, the first resonance generated by the excitation of the first grounding terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in Figure 23A) by the feed terminal F is the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna operates in a higher-order mode. This first resonance has a first operating frequency band f1. For example, the resonant frequency of the first resonance can be the frequency at point 1, i.e., 2.189339 GHz.

[0211] Furthermore, since the decorative ring 20 is provided with a fourth ground terminal G4 and a fifth ground terminal G5, the feed terminal F excites the fourth ground terminal G4, the fifth ground terminal G5, and the radiator of the first antenna (at least a portion of the decorative ring 20 shown in FIG. 23A) to operate in the fundamental mode, generating a fourth resonance at a fourth operating frequency band f4. For example, the fourth operating frequency band f4 can be the L1 band of a global positioning system (GPS). For example, the frequency of the fourth resonance can be the frequency at point 2 in FIG. 23B, i.e., 1.57562 GHz. In this case, the antenna is also used to receive and / or transmit a third signal (e.g., a signal received and / or transmitted by a GPS satellite positioning system), the third signal having the aforementioned fourth operating frequency band f4.

[0212] As described above, the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna to operate in a higher-order mode, generating a first resonance with a first operating frequency band f1. The feed terminal F excites the fourth ground terminal G4, the fifth ground terminal G5, and the radiator of the first antenna to operate in a fundamental mode, generating a fourth resonance with a fourth operating frequency band f4. Therefore, any frequency in the fourth operating frequency band f4 is less than any frequency in the first operating frequency band f1. For example, in Figure 23B, the frequency at point 1 is 2.189339 GHz, which is less than the frequency at point 2, 1.57562 GHz.

[0213] As described above, in Figure 23A, the fourth ground terminal G4 and the fifth ground terminal G5 can be located at the location of the current-strong point of the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20). Therefore, when the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance, the fourth ground terminal G4 and the fifth ground terminal G5 have a relatively small influence on the first resonance. In this case, the first resonance of the radiator of the first antenna can correspond to the 1.5λ mode described above. At this time, the radiator of the first antenna can obtain a linear polarization pattern similar to that shown in Figure 6B, a left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D, a right-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6E, and an axial ratio pattern shown in Figure 6F. Similarly, with the first ground terminal G1, the fourth ground terminal G4, and the fifth ground terminal G5 provided on the decorative ring 20, the requirements for electromagnetic interference and ESD during antenna design can be met.

[0214] The above is an example illustrating a loop antenna structure 02 having two or more grounding terminals. In other embodiments of this application, when the loop antenna structure 02 has two or more grounding terminals, the coupling state between the grounding terminals and the ground plane can be controlled as needed. For example, as shown in FIG24A, in addition to the first grounding terminal G1, the loop antenna structure 02 may also include a sixth grounding terminal G6 and a first selection switch S1. The sixth grounding terminal G6 is disposed on the decorative ring 20, and the angle between the sixth grounding terminal G6 and the first center line I1-I2 can be within the range of ±15°. FIG24A is an example illustrating the situation where the position of the sixth grounding terminal G6 coincides with the position of the first center line I1-I2. In this case, the angle between the sixth grounding terminal G6 and the first center line I1-I2 can be 0°. Alternatively, the angle between the sixth grounding terminal G6 and the first center line I1-I2 can be -15°, -10°, -5°, -1°, 1°, 2°, 5°, 10°, 12° or 15°.

[0215] Furthermore, continuing as shown in Figure 24A, the first selector switch S1 can be coupled to the first ground terminal G1, the sixth ground terminal G6, and the ground plane (denoted as GND in the figure). The first selector switch S1 is used to connect either the first ground terminal G1 or the sixth ground terminal G6 to the ground plane. When at least one of the first ground terminal G1 or the sixth ground terminal G6 is connected to the ground plane, the feed terminal F excites the ground terminal connected to the ground plane and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the aforementioned first resonance.

[0216] For example, the first gating switch S1 described above can be multiple single-pole multi-throw (SPMT) switches, such as four single-pole four-throw (SP4T) switches, abbreviated as 4×SP4T. In this case, the first gating switch S1 can have at least a first switching path S01 and a second switching path S02. The loop antenna structure 02 can also include tuning elements 41 connected in series on different switching paths.

[0217] In some embodiments, continuing as shown in FIG24A, when the second switching path S02 can be in an open state, and the resistance of the tuning element 41 connected to the first switching path S01 is 0 ohms, making the first switching path S01 in a conducting state, the first selection switch S1 connects the first ground terminal G1 to the ground plane (GND) through the first switching path S01. At this time, the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the aforementioned first resonance. Similarly, the first resonance can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) operates in a higher-order mode. As can be seen from the S11 curve represented by the solid line shown in FIG24B, the frequency of the aforementioned first resonance can be approximately 2.2 GHz at the frequency of point 2. Similarly, the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna to operate in the fundamental mode, and the resonance of the fundamental mode is before point 2 (e.g., approximately 0.9 GHz).

[0218] Based on this, as described above, when the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the aforementioned first resonance, a linear polarization pattern similar to that shown in Figure 6B and a left-hand circular polarization pattern shown in Figure 6D can be obtained. In Figure 6D, the position A1 with the larger circular polarization gain of the antenna faces upward to the right.

[0219] Alternatively, in some embodiments, continuing as shown in FIG24A, when the capacitance of the tuning element 41 connected to the second switching path S02 is approximately 18pF, the first selector switch S1 connects the sixth ground terminal G6 to the ground plane (GND) through the second switching path S02. At this time, the feed terminal F excites the sixth ground terminal G6 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the aforementioned first resonance. As can be seen from the S11 curve represented by the dashed line shown in FIG24B, the frequency of the aforementioned first resonance can be approximately 2.2GHz, which is the frequency at point 1. At this time, the first switching path S01 can be in an open state.

[0220] Based on this, when the feed terminal F excites the sixth ground terminal G6 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the aforementioned first resonance, a linear polarization pattern as shown in FIG25(a) and a left-hand circular polarization pattern as shown in FIG25(b) can be obtained. In FIG25(a), the positions with higher antenna linear polarization gain (darker colors) are, for example, position A1 to the right and position A2 to the left. In FIG25(b), the position with higher antenna circular polarization gain is A1 to the right.

[0221] Alternatively, in some other embodiments of the application, as shown in FIG26, the loop antenna structure 02 may further include a seventh ground terminal G7 disposed on the decorative ring 20. Furthermore, a sixth ground terminal G6 is located between the first ground terminal G1 and the seventh ground terminal G7. A first gating switch S1 may also be coupled to the seventh ground terminal G7. For example, when the first gating switch S1 also has a third switching path S03, the first gating switch S1 can be coupled to the seventh ground terminal G7 through the third switching path S03. The first gating switch S1 is used to connect the ground plane (GND) of the first ground terminal G1, the sixth ground terminal G6, or the seventh ground terminal G7. When at least one of the first ground terminal G1, the sixth ground terminal G6, or the seventh ground terminal G7 is connected to the ground plane, the feed terminal F excites the ground terminal connected to the ground plane to generate the aforementioned first resonance with the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20).

[0222] In some embodiments, continuing as shown in FIG26, when the first switching path S01 and the second switching path S02 can be in an open state, and the resistance of the tuning element 41 connected to the third switching path S03 is 0 ohms, making the third switching path S03 in a conducting state, the first selection switch S1 connects the seventh ground terminal G7 to the ground plane (GND) through the third switching path S03. At this time, the feed terminal F is used to excite the seventh ground terminal G7 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the aforementioned first resonance. The first resonance can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) operates in a higher-order mode. As can be seen from the S11 curve represented by the solid line shown in FIG24B, the frequency of the aforementioned first resonance can be approximately 2.2 GHz at the frequency of point 2. Similarly, the feed terminal F excites the seventh ground terminal G7 and the radiator of the first antenna to operate in the fundamental mode, and the resonance of the fundamental mode is before point 2 (e.g., approximately 1.0 GHz).

[0223] Based on this, when the feed terminal F excites the seventh ground terminal G7 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the aforementioned first resonance, a linear polarization pattern as shown in FIG27(a) and a left-hand circular polarization pattern as shown in FIG27(b) can be obtained. In FIG27(a), the positions with higher antenna linear polarization gain (darker colors) are, for example, position A1 downwards and position A2 upwards. In FIG27(b), the position with higher antenna circular polarization gain, A1, is downwards to the right.

[0224] The above example illustrates the situation where the resistance of the tuning element 41 is 0 ohms, the first switching path S01 or the third switching path S03 is in a conducting state, and the capacitance of the tuning element 41 is 18 pF, the second switching path S02 is in a conducting state. This application does not limit the resistance, capacitance, or inductance of the tuning element 41 when the first switching path S01 or the third switching path S03 is in a conducting state, or when the second switching path S02 is in a conducting state.

[0225] In summary, when the first switching path S01, the second switching path S02, and the third switching path S03 of the first gating switch S1 are switched respectively, the feed terminal F is used to excite the first ground terminal G1, the sixth ground terminal G6, or the seventh ground terminal G7 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the first resonance with the first operating frequency band f1, so that the antenna can receive and / or transmit a first signal. For example, the first signal can be a signal received and / or transmitted by the first satellite system, or the first signal can be a WIFI signal. Furthermore, the first resonance of the radiator of the first antenna can correspond to the 1.5λ mode, the current distribution of which is as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0226] Furthermore, when the first switch path S01 is turned on, the left-hand circular polarization pattern of the antenna radiator is shown in Figure 6D, with the position A1, where the antenna circular polarization gain is higher, pointing to the upper right. When the second switch path S02 of the first gating switch S1 is turned on, as shown in Figure 25(b), the position A1, where the antenna circular polarization gain is higher, points to the right. When the third switch path S03 of the first gating switch S1 is turned on, the position A1, where the antenna circular polarization gain is higher, points to the lower right, thus allowing the different left-hand circular polarization patterns to complement each other and cover the right half of the electronic device 01. Similarly, when the first switch path S01, the second switch path S02, and the third switch path S03 of the first gating switch S1 are switched, the different right-hand circular polarization patterns can complement each other and cover the left half of the electronic device 01, achieving the purpose of switching the beam and improving the beam coverage range.

[0227] In some other embodiments of this application, when the loop antenna structure 02 has two grounding terminals, in order to control the electrical connection state between the aforementioned grounding terminals and the ground as needed, as shown in FIG28A, the decorative ring 20 of the loop antenna structure 02 also has a third center line I5-I6, which can be perpendicular to the first center line I1-I2. Furthermore, within the allowable range of manufacturing and installation tolerances, the intersection of the third center line I5-I6 and the first center line I1-I2 can coincide with the first geometric center O1. In this case, the third center line I5-I6 can be parallel to the first side 111 of the electronic device 01 in FIG3A.

[0228] Furthermore, to achieve beam switching, continuing as shown in Figure 28A, the loop antenna structure 02 may include the aforementioned first ground terminal G1, with a fifth angle α5 between the first ground terminal G1 and the third center line I5-I6. In addition to the first ground terminal G1, the loop antenna structure 02 may also include an eighth ground terminal G8 and a second selection switch S2. The eighth ground terminal G8 is disposed on the decorative ring 20, and the eighth ground terminal G8 and the first ground terminal G1 may be symmetrically arranged about the third center line I5-I6. Therefore, the eighth ground terminal G8 also has a fifth angle α5 between it and the third center line I5-I6.

[0229] Based on this, the second gating switch S2 is coupled to the first ground terminal G1 and the eighth ground terminal G8. The second gating switch S2 is also used to connect either the first ground terminal G1 or the eighth ground terminal G8 to the ground plane (GND). When at least one of the first ground terminal G1 or the eighth ground terminal G8 is connected to the ground plane (GND), the feed terminal F excites the ground terminal connected to the ground plane (GND) and the radiator to generate the aforementioned first resonance.

[0230] For example, the second gating switch S2 can be the 4×SP4T described above. In this case, the switching path in the second gating switch S2 can be obtained similarly, and will not be described again here. In some embodiments, continuing as shown in FIG28A, when the second gating switch S2 connects the first ground terminal G1 or the eighth ground terminal G8 to the ground plane (GND), the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 or the eighth ground terminal G8 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to generate the first resonance described above. Similarly, the first resonance can be the resonance generated when the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) operates in a higher-order mode. As can be seen from the S11 curve shown in FIG28B, the frequency of the first resonance described above can be the frequency of point 1, which is about 2.0 GHz. Similarly, the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 or the eighth ground terminal G8 and the radiator of the first antenna to operate in the fundamental mode, and the resonance of the fundamental mode is before point 1 (e.g., about 0.6 GHz).

[0231] Based on this, as shown in Figure 29, in the human head model, when the angle between the line I0-I0 connecting the top of the head and the ear canal and the X-axis is 45°±15°, the fifth angle α5 between the eighth grounding terminal G8 and the third center line I5-I6 can be α5=45°±15°. For example, the aforementioned fifth angle α5 can be 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, or 60°.

[0232] Continuing as shown in Figure 29, since the eighth grounding terminal G8 and the first grounding terminal G1 can be symmetrically arranged about the third center line I5-I6 (parallel to the X-axis), the angles between the eighth grounding terminal G8 and the first grounding terminal G1 and the X-axis, i.e., the aforementioned fifth angle α5, can be the same as the angle between the line I0-I0 connecting the top of the head and the ear canal and the X-axis (horizontal direction) in the human head model. Thus, when the human head model is rotated counterclockwise by approximately 45° so that the line I0-I0 connecting the top of the head and the ear canal is parallel to the Y-axis (vertical direction), the first grounding terminal G1 and the eighth grounding terminal G8 can face the sky, thereby facilitating the radiator of the first antenna (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to receive or transmit the aforementioned first signal (e.g., a satellite signal).

[0233] As shown in Figure 30, the elevation angles covered by the satellite system vary across different regions. For instance, in a given geographical area, region 1 might be the region with the highest latitude, and the elevation angle γ1 covering region 1 would be approximately 25°. Region 3 might be the region with the lowest latitude, and the elevation angle γ3 covering region 1 would be approximately 65°. Region 2 might be a region with a latitude between region 1 and region 3, and the elevation angle γ2 covering region 1 would be approximately 47°. Therefore, γ1 < γ2 < γ3. For ease of explanation, the following examples using satellite elevation angles γ1 and γ3 will illustrate the antenna directivity and antenna gain.

[0234] Based on this, in some embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG31, the second selector switch S2 (as shown in FIG28A) connects the first ground terminal G1 to the ground (GND) and disconnects the eighth ground terminal G8 from the ground (GND). At this time, when the user holds the electronic device 01 with his right hand (this state is referred to as G1-R), the antenna pattern is pointing upward (i.e., towards the sky), thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of satellite targeting.

[0235] The included angle Phi in the azimuth plane shown in Figure 32 is between 90° and 270°. As shown in Figure 32, curve ① is the radiation pattern of the planar antenna when the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) generates the aforementioned first resonance, i.e., when the radiator of the first antenna operates in a higher-order mode. Points 1 (25.2872, 3.40595) and 2 (65.0576, 6.82532) are selected on the curve in this radiation pattern. Among them, the elevation angle γ1 at point 1 is 25.2872° and the directivity is 3.40595. The elevation angle γ3 at point 2 is 65.0576° and the directivity is 6.82532.

[0236] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 31, the second selector switch S2 (as shown in Figure 28A) connects the first ground terminal G1 to the ground plane (GND) and disconnects the eighth ground terminal G8 from the ground plane (GND). At this time, when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their left hand (this state is referred to as G1-L), the antenna's radiation pattern no longer points upwards.

[0237] The included angle Phi in the azimuth plane shown in Figure 33 is between 90° and 270°. As shown in Figure 33, curve ① is the radiation pattern of the planar antenna when the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) generates the aforementioned first resonance, i.e., when the radiator of the first antenna operates in a higher-order mode. Points 1 (25.1884, -6.52573) and 2 (65.1859, -1.07553) are selected on the curve in this radiation pattern. Similarly, the elevation angle γ1 at point 1 is 25.1884° and the directivity is -6.52573. The elevation angle γ3 at point 2 is 65.1859° and the directivity is -1.07553.

[0238] In summary, as shown in Figure 32, in the highest latitude region 1, where the satellite elevation angle γ1 is approximately 25° (e.g., 25.2872), the antenna's directivity is 3.40595. As shown in Figure 33, in the highest latitude region 1, where the satellite elevation angle γ1 is approximately 25° (e.g., 25.1884°), the antenna's directivity is -6.52573, showing a decrease. Therefore, as shown in Figure 31, when the second selector switch S2 (as shown in Figure 28A) connects the first ground terminal G1 to the ground plane (GND) and disconnects the eighth ground terminal G8 from the ground plane (GND), when the user holds the electronic device with their right hand, the radiation pattern points towards the sky, and the directivity is relatively large. Similarly, in the lowest latitude region 2, when the user holds the mobile phone with their right hand, the radiation pattern points towards the sky, and the directivity is relatively large. Therefore, when the user holds the device with their right hand, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of satellite alignment, the first grounding terminal G1 shown in Figure 31 can be connected to the ground plane (GND), and the eighth grounding terminal G8 can be disconnected from the ground plane (GND).

[0239] Based on this, with the first grounding terminal G1 connected to the ground plane (GND) as shown in Figure 31, and the eighth grounding terminal G8 disconnected from the ground plane (GND), as shown in Figure 34, curve ① represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user is not holding the electronic device 01. For example, when the radiator generates the first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1, the center frequency point f01 of the first operating frequency band f1 can be 1.999547 GHz. At this time, the antenna's radiation efficiency is -5.091501 dB, i.e., point 1 (1.999547, -5.091501).

[0240] Curve ② in Figure 34 represents the radiation efficiency of the first antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their right hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20. For example, when the radiator generates the first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1, the center frequency f01 of the first operating frequency band f1 can be 2.00228 GHz. At this time, the antenna's radiation efficiency is -8.800324 dB, i.e., point 2 (2.00228, -8.800324). Curve ③ in Figure 34 represents the radiation efficiency of the first antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their left hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20. For example, when the radiator generates the first resonance of the first operating frequency band f1, the center frequency f01 of the first operating frequency band f1 can be 1.99986 GHz. At this time, the antenna's radiation efficiency is -9.513992 dB.

[0241] Furthermore, curve ④ represents the system efficiency of the first antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user's hand is not holding the electronic device 01. Curve ⑤ represents the system efficiency of the first antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their right hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20, which is approximately -10 dB. Curve ⑥ represents the system efficiency of the first antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their left hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20, which is approximately -10.6 dB.

[0242] In summary, when the user holds electronic device 01, the antenna's radiation efficiency or antenna system efficiency is lower than when the user does not hold electronic device 01. Furthermore, when the first grounding terminal G1 is grounded and the eighth grounding terminal G8 is disconnected from the ground, the antenna's radiation efficiency or antenna system efficiency is higher when holding electronic device 01 with the right hand compared to holding it with the left hand.

[0243] In some other embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG35, the second gating switch S2 (as shown in FIG28A) disconnects the first ground terminal G1 from the ground (GND) and connects the eighth ground terminal G8 to the ground (GND). At this time, when the user holds the electronic device 01 with his right hand (this state is referred to as G8-R), the antenna pattern is not pointing towards the sky.

[0244] The included angle Phi in the azimuth plane shown in Figure 36 is between 45° and 225°. As shown in Figure 36, curve ① is the radiation pattern of the planar antenna when the feed terminal F excites the eighth ground terminal G8 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to produce the aforementioned first resonance, i.e., when the radiator of the first antenna operates in a higher-order mode. Points 1 (25.2693, -8.43921) and 2 (65.2632, -4.4647) are selected on the curve in this radiation pattern. Among them, the elevation angle γ1 at point 1 is 25.2693° and the directivity is -8.43921. The elevation angle γ3 at point 2 is 65.2632° and the directivity is -4.4647.

[0245] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 35, the second selector switch S2 (as shown in Figure 28A) disconnects the first ground terminal G1 from the ground (GND) and connects the eighth ground terminal G8 to the ground (GND). At this time, when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their left hand (this state is referred to as G8-L), the antenna pattern is pointing upwards (i.e., towards the sky).

[0246] The included angle Phi in the azimuth plane shown in Figure 37 is between 100° and 280°. As shown in Figure 37, curve ① is the radiation pattern of the planar antenna when the feed terminal F excites the first ground terminal G1 and the radiator of the first antenna (e.g., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) to produce the aforementioned first resonance, i.e., when the radiator of the first antenna operates in a higher-order mode. Points 1 (25.1803, 1.70719) and 2 (65.1561, 4.01981) are selected on the curve in this radiation pattern. Similarly, the elevation angle γ1 at point 1 is 25.1803°, and the directivity is 1.70719. The elevation angle γ3 at point 2 is 65.1561°, and the directivity is 4.01981.

[0247] In summary, as shown in Figure 36, in the highest latitude region 1, where the satellite elevation angle γ1 is approximately 25° (e.g., 25.2693°), the antenna's directivity is -8.43921. As shown in Figure 37, in the highest latitude region 1, where the satellite elevation angle γ1 is approximately 25° (e.g., 28.1803°), the antenna's directivity is 1.70719, showing an increase. Therefore, as shown in Figure 35, when the second selector switch S2 (as shown in Figure 28A) connects the eighth grounding terminal G8 to the ground plane (GND) and disconnects the first grounding terminal G1 from the ground plane (GND), when the user holds the electronic device with their left hand, the radiation pattern points towards the sky, and the directivity is relatively large. Similarly, in the lowest latitude region 2, when the user holds the mobile phone with their left hand, the radiation pattern points towards the sky, and the directivity is relatively large. Therefore, when the user holds the device with their left hand, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of satellite alignment, the eighth grounding terminal G8 shown in 34 can be connected to the ground plane (GND), and the first grounding terminal G1 can be disconnected from the ground plane (GND).

[0248] Furthermore, when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their right hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20, the system efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) is approximately -10 dB. When the user holds the electronic device 01 with their left hand and their fingers cover the decorative ring 20, the system efficiency of the antenna radiator (i.e., at least a portion of the decorative ring 20) is approximately -10.5 dB. Similarly, when the user holds the electronic device 01, the antenna's radiation efficiency or antenna system efficiency is lower than when the electronic device 01 is not held by the user. Moreover, when the eighth grounding terminal G8 is grounded and the first grounding terminal G1 is disconnected from the ground, the antenna's radiation efficiency or antenna system efficiency is higher when the electronic device 01 is held with the left hand compared to when it is held with the right hand.

[0249] Furthermore, taking the left-hand circular polarization gain of the first satellite system shown in Figure 30 as an example, the left-hand circular polarization gain equals the directional coefficient plus the efficiency. Based on this, when the first grounding terminal G1 is grounded or the eighth grounding terminal G8 is grounded, and when the user holds the electronic device 01 with their left or right hand, the left-hand circular polarization gain can be as shown in Table 1 at different satellite elevation angles γ1 or γ3.

[0250] Table 1

[0251] In this scenario, as shown in Figure 31, when the user holds electronic device 01 with their left hand, switching the grounded first ground terminal G1 to the eighth ground terminal G8 results in a switching gain of 17.1 - 8.8 = 8.3 dB when the satellite elevation angle γ1 = 25°, and 11.6 - 6.5 = 5.1 dB when the satellite elevation angle γ3 = 65°. Similarly, when the user holds electronic device 01 with their right hand, switching the grounded eighth ground terminal G8 to the first ground terminal G1 results in a switching gain of 5.5 - 3.2 = 11.8 dB when the satellite elevation angle γ1 = 25°, and 5.5 - 3.2 = 2.3 dB when the satellite elevation angle γ3 = 65°.

[0252] The above illustration uses the example of a user holding the electronic device 01, as shown in Figure 29, where the user's fingers obstruct the decorative ring 20. In other embodiments of this application, however, the user's fingers may not obstruct the decorative ring 20 when holding the electronic device 01. In this case, by switching between different grounding points, namely the first grounding point G1 and the eighth grounding point G8 mentioned above, depending on whether the user holds the electronic device 01 with their left or right hand, a directional pattern towards the sky can still be obtained, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0253] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A housing assembly, characterized in that, include: A housing having a lens hole; the housing includes a first side and a second side; The lens aperture is located between the first side and the second side; The lens aperture is positioned closer to the first side than to the second side; A decorative ring is disposed around the periphery of the lens aperture; the decorative ring has a preset first geometric center and a first center line, the first geometric center being located on the first center line and the first center line being perpendicular to the first side; the decorative ring is divided into a first half-ring and a second half-ring by the first center line; at least a portion of the decorative ring is configured as a radiator of the first antenna; the antenna is used to receive and / or transmit a first signal, the first signal having a first operating frequency band; The power supply terminal is located on the decorative ring; The first grounding terminal is disposed on the first half-ring, and the first grounding terminal is used to couple with the ground; The feed terminal is used to excite the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a first resonance in the first operating frequency band; the feed terminal is also used to excite the first ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate a second resonance in the second operating frequency band; wherein, any frequency in the second operating frequency band is less than any frequency in the first operating frequency band.

2. The housing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the center frequency f02 of the second operating frequency band to the center frequency f01 of the first operating frequency band, f02 / f01, satisfies: 1 / 3 ≤ f02 / f01 ≤ 2 / 3.

3. The housing assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first signal is a signal received and / or transmitted by the first satellite system. When the radiator of the first antenna generates the first resonance, the rotation direction of the antenna is consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system.

4. The housing assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shell has a second geometric center and a second centerline, the second geometric center being located on the second centerline; the second centerline is parallel to the first side; the shell is divided into a first region and a second region by the second centerline, the first side being located in the first region and the second side being located in the second region; In the first region, the direction of rotation of the antenna is the same as the direction of rotation of the first satellite system; or, in the second region, the direction of rotation of the antenna is the same as the direction of rotation of the first satellite system.

5. The housing assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The antenna has a linear polarization gain g0, a left-hand circular polarization component gain gl, and a right-hand circular polarization component gain gr; Within a preset beam angle range, the antenna has a left-handed polarization loss Δgl and a right-handed polarization loss Δgr; Wherein, △gl=|g0-gl|, 0≤△gl≤6dBi, and the rotation direction of the antenna is consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system; Alternatively, Δgr = |g0-gr|; 0 ≤ Δgr ≤ 6dBi, and the rotation direction of the antenna is consistent with the rotation direction of the first satellite system.

6. The housing assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, If 0 ≤ Δgl ≤ 2dBi and Δgl < Δgr, then the rotation direction of the first satellite system and the rotation direction of the antenna are left-handed. If 0 ≤ Δgr ≤ 2dBi and Δgr < Δgl, then the rotation direction of the first satellite system and the rotation direction of the antenna are right-handed.

7. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The housing assembly also includes: The second grounding terminal is disposed on the first half-ring; the second grounding terminal is disposed at a distance from the first grounding terminal. The second grounding terminal and the first grounding terminal have a first included angle α1, where α1 = 120° ± 30°.

8. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The antenna is also used to receive and / or transmit a second signal, the second signal having a third operating frequency band; The housing assembly also includes: The third grounding terminal is disposed on the second half-ring; the third grounding terminal is disposed at a distance from the first grounding terminal. The third grounding terminal and the first grounding terminal have a second included angle α2, where α2 = 120° ± 30°; The feed terminal is used to excite the third ground terminal and the radiator of the first antenna to generate the third resonance of the third operating frequency band. Wherein, any frequency in the third operating frequency band is greater than any frequency in the first operating frequency band.

9. The housing assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second signal is the signal received by the second satellite system. When the radiator of the first antenna generates the third resonance, the rotation direction of the antenna is consistent with the rotation direction of the second satellite system.

10. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The antenna is also used to receive and / or transmit a third signal, the third signal having a fourth operating frequency band; The housing assembly also includes: The fourth grounding terminal is disposed on the first half-ring; the fourth grounding terminal is spaced apart from the first grounding terminal; the fourth grounding terminal and the first grounding terminal have a third included angle α3, α3=120°±30°; The fifth grounding terminal is disposed on the second half-ring; the fifth grounding terminal is spaced apart from the first grounding terminal; the fifth grounding terminal and the first grounding terminal have a fourth included angle α4, α4=120°±30°; The feed terminal is used to excite the fourth ground terminal, the fifth ground terminal, and the radiator of the first antenna to generate the fourth resonance of the fourth operating frequency band; Wherein, any frequency in the fourth operating frequency band is less than any frequency in the first operating frequency band, and any frequency in the fourth operating frequency band is less than any frequency in the first operating frequency band.

11. The housing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first signal is a WIFI signal.

12. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, 11, characterized in that, The housing assembly also includes: The sixth grounding terminal is disposed on the decorative ring, and the angle between the sixth grounding terminal and the first center line is ±15°; A first selector switch is coupled to the first ground terminal, the sixth ground terminal, and the ground plane. The first selector switch is used to connect the first ground terminal or the sixth ground terminal to the ground plane. When at least one of the first ground terminal or the sixth ground terminal is connected to the ground plane, the feed terminal is used to excite the radiator of the first antenna and the ground terminal connected to the ground plane to generate the first resonance.

13. The housing assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that, The housing assembly also includes: The seventh grounding terminal is disposed on the decorative ring; the sixth grounding terminal is located between the first grounding terminal and the seventh grounding terminal; The first gating switch is also coupled to the seventh ground terminal, and the first gating switch is also used to connect the first ground terminal, the sixth ground terminal, or the seventh ground terminal to the ground; when at least one of the first ground terminal, the sixth ground terminal, or the seventh ground terminal is connected to the ground, the feed terminal is used to excite the radiator of the first antenna and the ground terminal connected to the ground to generate the first resonance.

14. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The decorative ring also has a third center line, which is perpendicular to the first center line, and the intersection of the third center line and the first center line coincides with the first geometric center. The housing assembly also includes: The eighth grounding terminal is disposed on the decorative ring; the eighth grounding terminal and the first grounding terminal are symmetrically arranged about the third center line; The second gating switch is coupled to the first ground terminal and the eighth ground terminal. The second gating switch is also used to connect the first ground terminal or the eighth ground terminal to the ground. When at least one of the first ground terminal or the eighth ground terminal is connected to the ground, the feed terminal is used to excite the radiator of the first antenna and the ground terminal connected to the ground to generate the first resonance.

15. The housing assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first grounding terminal and the third center line have a fifth included angle α5, where α5 = 45° ± 15°.

16. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that, A first gap is formed on the first half-ring; A second gap is provided on the second half-ring; Wherein, the first gap and the second gap divide the decorative ring into a first arc-shaped stub and a second arc-shaped stub, the power supply end is located at the first arc-shaped stub, and the power supply end is used to excite the first arc-shaped stub to generate a first mode; the first grounding end is located at the second arc-shaped stub, and the power supply end is used to excite the first grounding end and the second arc-shaped stub to generate a second mode; the resonant frequency of the first mode is greater than the resonant frequency of the second mode; The first gap and the first grounding terminal have a sixth included angle α6, where α6 = 60° ± 15°; The second gap and the first grounding terminal have a seventh included angle α7, where α7 = 60° ± 15°.

17. The housing assembly according to claim 16, characterized in that, The width of either the first gap or the second gap is 1mm ± 0.5mm.

18. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 1-17, characterized in that, The first resonance corresponds to the 1.5λ mode of the radiator of the first antenna; the current distribution of the 1.5λ mode has a first current zero, a second current zero, and a third current zero on the decorative ring; The second current zero point is located in the first half-ring, the third current zero point is located in the second half-ring, and the first current zero point is located between the second current zero point and the third current zero point; the current directions on both sides of the feed terminal are opposite, and the current directions on both sides of the first ground terminal are opposite.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Camera module; The housing assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1-18; wherein the lens hole on the housing is used to expose at least a portion of the camera module.

20. The electronic device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The electronic device also includes a mid-frame, which includes a first border and a second border, wherein a decorative ring in the housing assembly is disposed close to the first border relative to the second border. At least a portion of the first frame is configured as a radiator of the second antenna; The second antenna is both a satellite receiving antenna and a satellite transmitting antenna; At least a portion of the decorative ring is configured as a radiator of the first antenna, which is a satellite receiving antenna.

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