Method and apparatus for radio access network node-based sensing mode switch
RAN nodes in ISAC systems dynamically switch sensing modes based on trigger conditions, addressing latency issues and ensuring continuous sensing by autonomously managing mode changes, thereby improving responsiveness and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently switching between sensing modes in Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems due to latency issues in triggering new sensing procedures at the core network level, which can lead to inadequate response to mobility of sensing objects.
RAN nodes are equipped with the capability to dynamically switch between sensing modes based on predefined trigger conditions, such as measurement parameters and location information, allowing for timely adjustments without relying solely on core network intervention.
This approach reduces latency and ensures continuous sensing operations by enabling RAN nodes to autonomously manage sensing mode changes, enhancing the responsiveness and efficiency of ISAC systems.
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Figure CN2025121091_23072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RADIO ACCESS NETWORK NODE-BASED SENSING MODE SWITCHTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication technology, and more particularly to radio access network (RAN) node-based sensing mode switch.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communication system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as RAN nodes (e.g., base stations (BSs) ) , which may support wireless communication for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) or other suitable terminology. The wireless communication system may support wireless communication with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers or the like) ) . Additionally, the wireless communication system may support wireless communication across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) (which is also known as new radio (NR) or next generation (NG) ) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Current wireless communication system design focuses primarily on data transmission. Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) involves the simultaneous use of radio frequency (RF) signals for both sensing and communication purposes. This integration can lead to improved spectrum efficiency, reduced latency, and enhanced reliability in various applications.SUMMARY
[0004] An article "a" before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to "at least one" of those elements or "one or more" of those elements. The terms "a, " "at least one, " "one or more, " and "at least one of one or more" may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of" or "one or both of" ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as "based on condition A" may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on. " Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a "set" may include one or more elements.
[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a RAN node. The RAN node may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the RAN node to: receive, from a core network (CN) node, configuration information for sensing mode switching, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a transmit (Tx) sensing configuration, or a receive (Rx) sensing configuration; and switch from a first sensing mode to a second sensing mode, to perform a sensing procedure for a sensing task based on the trigger condition.
[0006] In some embodiments, the sensing mode switching includes at least one of: switching from a first monostatic mode where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to a bistatic mode, where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a second RAN node functions as a sensing receiver or the RAN node functions as a sensing receiver and the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter, switching from the bistatic mode to the first monostatic mode, switching from the bistatic mode to a second monostatic mode, where the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, switching from the second monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, switching from the first monostatic mode to the second monostatic mode, or switching from the second monostatic mode to the first monostatic mode.
[0007] In some embodiments, the trigger condition includes at least one of: a measurement parameter of a sensing signal satisfying a first threshold; a measurement parameter of the sensing signal measured at an angle satisfying a second threshold; or a sensed location of a sensing object satisfying location information. The trigger condition is associated with an identifier (ID) of the sensing procedure or an ID of the sensing task.
[0008] In some embodiments, the measurement parameter of the sensing signal includes at least one of reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , time of arrival (TOA) , time difference of arrival (TDOA) , Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler shift value, velocity, angle of arrival (AOA) , or zenith angle of arrival (ZOA) .
[0009] In some embodiments, the angle is within an angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity. The location information is associated with a candidate sensing entity.
[0010] In some embodiments, the location information includes at least one of a zone ID, an area ID, a distance threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node or an angle threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node.
[0011] In some embodiments, the configuration information is associated with a valid time period, and the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to release the configuration information in response to expiration of the valid time period.
[0012] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to receive a sensing command for initiating the sensing procedure from the CN node. The configuration information is included in the sensing command.
[0013] In some embodiments, to switch from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to transmit a first sensing mode switching request message to the second RAN node, the first sensing mode switching request message including at least one of an ID of the sensing procedure, an ID of the sensing task, a sensing signal configuration, a sensing resource configuration or an indication for controlling a sensing behavior of the second RAN node.
[0014] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to release the configuration information in response to receiving a release indication from the CN node or in response to expiration of a time period after the RAN node stops performing the sensing procedure.
[0015] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to apply the configuration information in response to receiving a second sensing mode switching request message from a second RAN node. In some embodiments, the second sensing mode switching request message includes at least one of an ID of the sensing procedure, an ID of the sensing task, a sensing signal configuration, a sensing resource configuration or an indication for controlling a sensing behavior of the RAN node.
[0016] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to transmit a sensing mode update indication to the CN node in response to switching from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode, the sensing mode update indication indicating at least one of the second sensing mode, an ID of the second RAN node, or an index of the trigger condition that triggers the switching from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode.
[0017] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to transmit, from a centralized unit (CU) of the RAN node to a distributed unit (DU) of the RAN node, a first message indicating a sensing mode change for the sensing procedure.
[0018] In some embodiments, the first message indicates whether the DU of the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver or both.
[0019] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to transmit, from the DU to the CU, a second message in response to the first message. In some embodiments, the first message indicates the DU to stop sensing and the second message includes a sensing report.
[0020] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to perform the sensing procedure concurrently in the first sensing mode and the second sensing mode.
[0021] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a CN. The CN may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the CN to: receive, from a RAN node, sensing capability information; and transmit, to the RAN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching to perform a sensing procedure, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration.
[0022] In some embodiments, the sensing mode switching includes at least one of: switching from a first monostatic mode where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to a bistatic mode, where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a second RAN node functions as a sensing receiver or the RAN node functions as a sensing receiver and the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter, switching from the bistatic mode to the first monostatic mode, switching from the bistatic mode to a second monostatic mode, where the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, switching from the second monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, switching from the first monostatic mode to the second monostatic mode, or switching from the second monostatic mode to the first monostatic mode.
[0023] In some embodiments, the trigger condition includes at least one of: a measurement parameter of a sensing signal satisfying a first threshold; a measurement parameter of the sensing signal measured at an angle satisfying a second threshold; or a sensed location of a sensing object satisfying location information. In some embodiments, the trigger condition is associated with an ID of the sensing procedure for a sensing task or an ID of the sensing task.
[0024] In some embodiments, the measurement parameter of the sensing signal includes at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler shift value, velocity, AOA, or ZOA.
[0025] In some embodiments, the angle is within an angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity. The location information is associated with a candidate sensing entity.
[0026] In some embodiments, the location information includes at least one of a zone ID, an area ID, a distance threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node or an angle threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node.
[0027] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to transmit a sensing command for initiating the sensing procedure to the RAN node. The configuration information is included in the sensing command.
[0028] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to transmit, to the RAN node, a release indication to release the configuration information at the RAN node.
[0029] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to receive a sensing mode update indication from the RAN node, the sensing mode update indication indicating at least one of an updated sensing mode for the sensing procedure, an ID of the second RAN node, or an index of the trigger condition that triggers the sensing mode switching.
[0030] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method wireless communication, the method including: receiving, from a CN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration; and switching from a first sensing mode to a second sensing mode, to perform a sensing procedure for a sensing task based on the trigger condition.
[0031] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method wireless communication, the method including: receiving, from a RAN node, sensing capability information; and transmitting, to the RAN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching to perform a sensing procedure, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration.
[0032] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus may include: at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions; at least one receiving circuitry; at least one transmitting circuitry; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, the at least one receiving circuitry and the at least one transmitting circuitry, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium and the computer executable instructions may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] In order to describe the manner in which the advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a description of the disclosure is rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope.
[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary cases of RAN-node sensing mode switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIGs. 3 and 4 illustrate exemplary procedures for switching between RAN-node sensing modes in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary procedure for updating sensing mode in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIGs. 6 and 7 illustrate flowcharts of methods for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0040] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] The detailed description of the appended drawings is intended as a description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only form in which the present disclosure may be practiced. It should be understood that the same or equivalent functions may be accomplished by different embodiments that are intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0042] Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. To facilitate understanding, embodiments are provided under a specific network architecture and new service scenarios, such as the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR or 6G, 3GPP LTE and so on. It is contemplated that along with the developments of network architectures and new service scenarios, all embodiments in the present disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems; and moreover, the terminologies recited in the present disclosure may change, which should not affect the principles of the present disclosure.
[0043] Wireless sensing technologies enable the acquisition of information about characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment without physical contact. These technologies utilize perception data of the object, allowing for analysis and obtaining meaningful information about the object and its characteristics. An example of wireless sensing technologies is radar, which uses radio waves to determine various aspects of objects, such as distance (range) , angle or instantaneous linear velocity. Another example of wireless sensing technologies is non-radio frequency (RF) sensors, which have been supported in applications in different fields. Examples of such sensors are time-of-flight (ToF) cameras, accelerometers, gyroscopes and LiDARs.
[0044] Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) may refer to the provision of sensing capabilities within the same wireless communication system and infrastructure, such as 5G, beyond 5G (B5G) or 6G, that is used for communication purposes. For many emerging applications, such as smart industries, next-generation vehicular networks and remote health-caring, high-quality wireless connectivity and high-accuracy sensing capability are required. Therefore, it is desirable to introduce ISAC into wireless communication systems, such as 5G, B5G or 6G systems.
[0045] ISAC provides communication as well as sensing functions (e.g., location and environment-aware functions) . In some embodiments, both a UE and a RAN node (e.g., a BS) may serve as a sensing entity to perform a sensing task. In some embodiments, ISAC may support the following different sensing modes: (1) RAN node-based monostatic sensing; (2) RAN node-based bistatic sensing; (3) UE-RAN node bistatic sensing, where the UE transmits and the RAN node receives; (4) UE-RAN node bistatic sensing, where the BS transmits and the UE receives; (5) UE based monostatic sensing; and (6) UE based bistatic sensing.
[0046] Monostatic sensing refers to the case where the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are co-located in the same entity. Bistatic sensing refers to the case where the sensing receiver and sensing transmitter are in different entities. In some embodiments, multistatic sensing with multiple sensing transmitters and receivers is also supported. In some embodiments, a sensing entity (e.g., UE or RAN node) may support more than one sensing mode, for example, a RAN node may support both monostatic sensing and bistatic sensing.
[0047] A sensing receiver refers to an entity that receives the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing receiver can be a part of a RAN node or a UE. A sensing receiver can be located in the same or different entity as the sensing transmitter. A sensing transmitter refers to the entity that transmits the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing transmitter can be a part of a RAN node or a UE. A sensing transmitter can be located in the same or different entity as the sensing receiver. A sensing signal can refer to a transmission on a 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes. A sensing entity can be either a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver, or both. For example, the sensing receiver may receive the reflections of the sensing signal sent from the sensing transmitter and process the received sensing signal to obtain characteristics of the sensed object and its environment (e.g., location) . For example, in mode (1) , the same BS transmits and receives the sensing signal. For example, in mode (2) , a BS (also called a transmit (Tx) sensing BS) transmits a sensing signal while a different BS (also called a receive (Rx) sensing BS) receives the sensing signal. RAN node-based sensing may refer to either mode (1) or mode (2) .
[0048] The present disclosure provides solutions for addressing various issues in an ISAC system. For example, solutions are provided for switching between sensing modes.
[0049] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of wireless communication system 100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0050] The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more NEs 102 (e.g., one or more RAN nodes such as BSs) , one or more UEs 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be an NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network or a 5G ultra-wideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , and IEEE 802.20. The wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communication system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0051] The one or more NEs 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communication system 100. One or more of the NEs 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN) node, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) or other suitable terminology. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an NE 102 may include a CU and one or more DUs. An F1 interface or the like (e.g., network interfaces beyond 5G) may be established between the DU of NE 102 and the CU of NE 102. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0052] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with a different NE 102.
[0053] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communication system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0054] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments or cellular-V2X deployments. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0055] An NE 102 may support communication with the CN 106 or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with another NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, X2, NG, Xn, or network interfaces beyond 5G) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more NEs 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0056] In some implementations, an NE 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more NEs 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, an NE 102 may include one or more of a CU, a DU, a radio unit (RU) (e.g., a TRP) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof. One or more components of the NEs 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the NEs 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more NEs 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) or a virtual DU (VDU) ) .
[0057] Split of functionality between a CU and a DU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU or a DU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host higher protocol layers (e.g., L3 (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) layer) and parts of L2 (e.g., service data adaption protocol (SDAP) layer and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer) functionality and signaling. The CU may be connected to one or more DUs, which may host lower protocol layers (e.g., L1 (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) and parts of L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer) ) functionality and signaling, and be at least partially controlled by the CU. A DU may support one or multiple different cells. A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions.
[0058] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , a 5G core (5GC) or a 6G core (6GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) or a mobility management function in future generations such as 6G) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NEs 102 associated with the CN 106. In some implementations, the CN may include a location management function (LMF) or a sensing function (SF) . The SF may be located in a CN node such as the LMF or the AMF or may be an independent network node in the CN. Both the SF and the LMF may be in communication with the mobility management function. In some implementations, the SF may be a part of the NE 102.
[0059] In some implementations, the AMF may include the following functionality: registration management; connection management; reachability management; mobility management; and UE mobility event notification. Some or all of the AMF functionalities may be supported in a single instance of an AMF.
[0060] In some implementations, the NE 102 (e.g., a RAN node) may host the following functions. Some or all of the functionalities / services may be supported in a single NE. - Functions for Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection Mobility Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and downlink (scheduling) ; - IP and Ethernet header compression, uplink data decompression, encryption and integrity protection of data; - Connection setup and release; - Scheduling and transmission of paging messages; - Scheduling and transmission of system broadcast information (originated from the AMF or operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) ) ; and - Measurement and measurement reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling.
[0061] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an N6, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0062] In the wireless communication system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communication) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0063] In some embodiments, the NEs 102 may include one or more relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes or wireless access backhaul (WAB) nodes which can provide wireless access services for UEs 104. A relay node (or an IAB node or a WAB node) can directly connect to a BS or hop through one or more relay nodes (or one or more IAB or WAB nodes) before reaching the BS.
[0064] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communication system 100, and a numerology may include subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ =1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A sixth numerology (e.g., μ =5) may be associated with a sixth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 480 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A seventh numerology (e.g., μ=6) may be associated with a seventh subcarrier spacing (e.g., 960 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. For ambient IoT communication, additional numerologies (e.g., μ=-1 or μ =-2) may be introduced corresponding to 7.5 kHz or 3.75 kHz, respectively.
[0065] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0066] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communication system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings (SCSs) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0067] In the wireless communication system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communication system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communication over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communication traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0068] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ =0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ =1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least two numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0069] A UE 104 may include computing devices, such as desktop computers, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , tablet computers, smart televisions (e.g., televisions connected to the Internet) , set-top boxes, game consoles, security systems (including security cameras) , vehicle on-board computers, network devices (e.g., routers, switches, and modems) , vehicles or the like. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE 104 may include a portable wireless communication device, a smart phone, a cellular telephone, a flip phone, a device having a subscriber identity module, a personal computer, a selective call receiver or any other device that is capable of sending and receiving communication signals on a wireless network. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE 104 includes wearable devices, such as smart watches, fitness bands, optical head-mounted displays, or the like. Moreover, a UE 104 may be referred to as a subscriber unit, a mobile, a mobile station, a user, a terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a fixed terminal, a subscriber station, a user terminal or a device, or described using other terminology used in the art. A UE 104 may communicate with an NE 102 (e.g., a BS) via uplink (UL) communication signals. An NE 102 may communicate with a UE 104 via downlink (DL) communication signals.
[0070] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate over licensed spectrums, whereas in some other embodiments, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate over unlicensed spectrums.
[0071] The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementation of any particular wireless communication system architecture or protocol. Persons skilled in the art should understand that as technology develops and advances, the terminologies described in the present disclosure may change, but should not affect or limit the principles and spirit of the present disclosure. For example, the terminologies (e.g., names of network functions and interfaces) in some embodiments of the present disclosure may be described in the context of a specific telecommunication standard (e.g., 5G or 6G) , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such embodiments are applicable to other telecommunication technologies.
[0072] In some embodiments, due to, for example, the mobility of a sensing object or the blockage between the sensing entity and the sensing object, the sensing mode may need to be changed to guarantee the sensing continuity of a sensing task. For example, the sensing mode may be switched or changed from RAN node-based monostatic sensing to RAN node-based bistatic sensing or vice versa. Sensing mode switching may also be referred to as a type of sensing entity change. Clearly, sensing mode switching is a key issue to be addressed in ISAC systems.
[0073] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for sensing mode switching. For example, solutions supporting dynamic sensing mode switching are provided. Various switching cases are discussed and configurations for sensing mode switching, including trigger conditions, are defined. When and how to apply these configurations are discussed. In addition, in the case of CU-DU split architecture at a RAN node, interactions between the CU and DU of the RAN node are defined. More details on the embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the following text, in combination with the appended drawings.
[0074] Conventionally, sensing mode switching or sensing entity selection is triggered by a CN node (e.g., an SF in the CN) based on the sensing result reflecting the updated location of the sensing object. For example, the SF in the CN may trigger a new sensing procedure at a new sensing entity to continue the sensing task directed to the same object. However, this would cause too much latency to trigger a new sensing procedure at the CN side and it may not be timely enough to respond to the mobility of the sensing object. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for the RAN node to trigger dynamic sensing mode switching.
[0075] FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary cases of RAN-node sensing mode switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0076] As mentioned above, RAN node-based sensing may include monostatic and bistatic sensing modes. Referring to FIG. 2, case #1 refers to switching from monostatic sensing mode #A (e.g., BS 202A functions as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver) to a bistatic sensing mode (e.g., BS 202A functions as a sensing transmitter and BS 202B functions as a sensing receiver or BS 202B functions as a sensing transmitter and BS 202A functions as a sensing receiver) . Case #2 refers to a reverse of case #1, i.e., switching from the bistatic sensing mode to monostatic sensing mode #A. Case #3 refers to switching from the bistatic sensing mode to monostatic sensing mode #B (e.g., BS 202B functions as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver) . Case #4 refers to a reverse of case #3, i.e., switching from monostatic sensing mode #B to the bistatic sensing mode. Case #5 refers to switching from monostatic sensing mode #Ato monostatic sensing mode #B. Case #6 refers to a reverse of case #5, i.e., switching from monostatic sensing mode #B to monostatic sensing mode #A. In some embodiments, BS 202A may operate in both the bistatic sensing mode and monostatic sensing mode #A. In some embodiments, BS 202B may operate in both the bistatic sensing mode and monostatic sensing mode #B.
[0077] At least one trigger condition may be defined for each sensing mode switching case. As will be discussed later, these trigger conditions may be provided (e.g., configured or predefined) to a RAN node to facilitate dynamic sensing mode switching at the RAN node. For example, the trigger condition may include at least one of: a measurement parameter of a sensing signal satisfying a threshold (denoted as threshold #1) ; a measurement parameter of the sensing signal measured at an angle satisfying a threshold (denoted as threshold #2) ; or a sensed location of a sensing object satisfying specific location information. In some embodiments, the trigger condition may be associated with an ID of a sensing procedure or an ID of a sensing task. From the perspective of the sensing receiver, the measurement parameter of the sensing signal may refer to the measurement parameter of the received 3GPP radio signals or non-3GPP signal via reflected, refracted or diffracted.
[0078] In some embodiments, the measurement parameter of the sensing signal may include at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler shift value, velocity, AOA, ZOA or any other metric that can be conceived of by persons skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the angle may be within an angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity (e.g., a candidate RAN node or a candidate TRP) . In some embodiments, threshold #2 and the angle range may be assigned per candidate sensing entity. In some embodiments, the location information may be associated with a candidate sensing entity (e.g., a candidate RAN node or a candidate TRP) . In some embodiments, the location information may include at least one of a zone ID, an area ID, a distance threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node or an angle threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node.
[0079] For example, trigger condition #1 may be defined for case #1 and may indicate at least one of threshold #a1, an angle, an angle range, threshold #a2, or location information related to the sensing object. Case #1 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#A1) the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #a1; (#A2) the measured quality of the reflected signal measured at the angle or within the angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity (e.g., a candidate RAN node or a transmission reception point (TRP) of the candidate RAN node) satisfies threshold #a2; or (#A3) the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information.
[0080] For example, referring to FIG. 2, in case #1, as the sensing object (e.g., UE 204) moves away from BS 202A and gradually approaches the coverage of BS 202B, the received sensing signal at BS 202A weakens and the round-trip delay of the sensing signal increases due to the growing distance between BS 202A and the object.
[0081] In some examples, case #1 may be triggered when the measured quality of the reflected signal is equal to or lower than a threshold (e.g., threshold #a1) . For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or lower than threshold #a1 in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied. For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or lower than threshold #a1 in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied.
[0082] In some examples, case #1 may be triggered when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than a threshold (e.g., threshold #a1) . For example, when the measured delay (e.g., Rx-Tx timing difference) of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #a1 in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied. In some examples, when the measured delay (e.g., Rx-Tx timing difference) of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #a1 in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied.
[0083] In some examples, the trigger condition may be associated with a specific angle (e.g., AOA, ZOA or both) of the reflected signal. The angle may be a single value or fall within an angle range. The angle may point to a candidate BS / TRP to guarantee sensing continuity. For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal at the single angle or at the angles within the angle range is equal to or lower than threshold #a2, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied. For example, when the measured delay of the reflected signal at the single angle or at the angles within the angle range is equal to or greater than threshold #a2, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied. In some examples, each trigger condition may be associated with a candidate BS (e.g., the BS ID of the candidate BS) or a TRP ID of the candidate BS. In some embodiments, the threshold and range for the receiving angle may be defined per candidate BS or TRP, i.e., each candidate corresponds to independent threshold and angle values. For example, trigger condition #1 may include a threshold and an angle range for candidate BS #A1 and another threshold and another angle range for candidate BS #B1.
[0084] When functioning as the sensing receiver, BS 202A can deduce the location of the sensing object based on the received sensing signal. In some examples, BS 202A may perform sensing mode switching (e.g., performing case #1) based on the deduced location and the trigger condition (e.g., location information of a certain coverage) . For example, the geographical location can be divided into several zones or several areas. Trigger condition #1 may indicate one or more zone IDs or area IDs. When BS 202A deduces that the location of the sensing object is within the coverage of the indicated zones or areas, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied. For example, BS 202A can deduce the location of the sensing object based on the angle and distance between BS 202A and the sensing object. Trigger condition #1 may indicate a specific range of angle, a range of distance or both. When BS 202A deduces that the angle and / or distance of the location of the sensing object is within the range defined in the trigger condition, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #1 to be satisfied.
[0085] BS 202A may perform case #1 based on trigger condition #1. In some embodiments, after performing case #1, BS 202A may continue the monostatic sensing while simultaneously operating in the bistatic mode with BS 202B.
[0086] Case #5 is a similar scenario of case #1. Trigger condition #2 may be defined for case #5 and may be similar to trigger condition #1 for case #1 but with a different value (s) . For example, trigger condition #2 may indicate at least one of threshold #b1, an angle, an angle range, threshold #b2 or location information related to the sensing object. Case #5 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#B1) the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #b1; (#B2) the measured quality of the reflected signal measured at the angle or within the angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity satisfies threshold #b2; or (#B3) the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information.
[0087] For example, referring to FIG. 2, in case #5, as the sensing object (e.g., UE 204) moves away from BS 202A and gradually approaches the coverage of BS 202B, the received sensing signal at BS 202A weakens and the round-trip delay of the sensing signal increases due to the growing distance between BS 202A and the object. BS 202A can determine either to perform case #1 or case #5 based on the trigger condition (s) configured at BS 202A.
[0088] In some examples, BS 202A may be configured with trigger conditions for only one of case #1 and case #5, then BS 202A may switch to a target sensing entity based on the configuration. In some examples, BS 202A may be configured with trigger conditions for both case #1 or case #5, and then BS 202A can perform case switching separately in response to the corresponding trigger condition being satisfied.
[0089] In some examples, case #5 may be triggered when the measured quality of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than a threshold (e.g., threshold #b1) . For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #b1 in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #5 to be satisfied. For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #b1 in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #5 to be satisfied.
[0090] In some examples, case #5 may be triggered when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or less than a threshold (e.g., threshold #b1) . For example, when the measured delay (e.g., Rx-Tx timing difference) of the reflected signal is equal to or less than threshold #b1 in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #5 to be satisfied. In some examples, when the measured delay (e.g., Rx-Tx timing difference) of the reflected signal is equal to or less than threshold #b1 in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #5 to be satisfied.
[0091] In some examples, trigger condition #2 may be associated with a specific angle (e.g., AOA, ZOA or both) of the reflected signal. The angle may be a single value or fall within an angle range. The angle may point to a candidate BS / TRP to guarantee sensing continuity. When the measured quality of the reflected signal measured at the single angle or at the angles within the angle range satisfies threshold #b2, BS 202A considers trigger condition #2 for case #5 to be satisfied. In some examples, each trigger condition #2 may be associated with a candidate BS (e.g., the BS ID of the candidate BS) or a TRP ID of the candidate BS. In some embodiments, the threshold and range for the receiving angle may be defined per candidate BS or TRP, i.e., each candidate corresponds to independent threshold and angle values.
[0092] In some examples, BS 202A may perform sensing mode switching (e.g., performing case #5) based on the deduced location of the sensing object and the trigger condition (e.g., location information) . For example, trigger condition #2 may indicate one or more zone IDs or area IDs. When BS 202A deduces that the location of the sensing object is within the coverage of the indicated zones or areas, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #5 to be satisfied. For example, BS 202A can deduce the location of the sensing object based on the angle and distance between the BS and the sensing object. Trigger condition #2 may indicate a specific range of angle, a range of distance or both. When BS 202A deduces that the angle and / or distance of the location of the sensing object is within the range defined in the trigger condition, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #5 to be satisfied.
[0093] At least one trigger condition may be defined for case #2. For example, from the perspective of BS 202A, case #2 is a reverse scenario of case #1, and trigger condition #3 may be defined for case #2 and may be similar to trigger condition #1, but evaluated in an opposite manner. For example, trigger condition #3 may indicate at least one of threshold #c1 or location information related to the sensing object. Case #2 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#C1) the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #c1; or (#C2) the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information. BS 202A may perform case #2 based on trigger condition #3. In some examples, when BS 202A simultaneously operates in both the monostatic and bistatic sensing modes, it may revert to the monostatic-only mode in response to trigger condition #3 being satisfied. In some examples, when BS 202A operates in a bistatic sensing mode and functions as the sensing receiver, it may switch to BS 202A monostatic mode in response to trigger condition #3 being satisfied.
[0094] From the perspective of BS 202B, trigger condition #3'may be defined for case #2 and may be similar to trigger condition #2 for case #5. For example, trigger condition #3'may indicate at least one of threshold #c1', an angle, an angle range, threshold #c2'or location information related to the sensing object. Case #2 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#C1') the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #c1'; (#C2') the measured quality of the reflected signal measured at the angle or within the angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity satisfies threshold #c2'; or (#C3') the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information. BS 202B may perform case #2 based on trigger condition #3'. In some examples, when BS 202B operates in a bistatic sensing mode and functions as the sensing receiver while BS 202A functions as the sensing transmitter, it may switch to BS 202A monostatic mode in response to trigger condition #3'being satisfied.
[0095] For example, referring to FIG. 2, in case #2, as the sensing object (e.g., UE 204) moves away from BS 202B and gradually approaches the coverage of BS 202A, the sensing signal received at BS 202A grows stronger and its round-trip delay decreases; or the sensing signal received at BS 202B weakens and its round-trip delay increases. In other words, for the measured sensing result at BS 202A, the sensing signal grows stronger, and the round-trip time delay shortens; or for the measured sensing result at BS 202B, the sensing signal weakens, and the round-trip time delay lengthens.
[0096] In some examples, case #2 may be triggered when the measured quality of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #c1 (or equal to or less than threshold #c1') . For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #c1 in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied. For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #c1 in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied. For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or less than threshold #c1'in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202B considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied. For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or less than threshold #c1'in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202B considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied.
[0097] In some examples, case #2 may be triggered when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or less than threshold #c1 (or equal to or greater than threshold #c1') . For example, when the measured delay (e.g., Rx-Tx timing difference) of the reflected signal is equal to or less than threshold #c1 in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied. In some examples, when the measured delay (e.g., Rx-Tx timing difference) of the reflected signal is equal to or less than threshold #c1 in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202A considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied. For example, when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #c1'in N consecutive sensing signal occasions, BS 202B considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied. In some examples, when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than threshold #c1'in every, all or a certain number of (e.g., the accumulated number of) or a certain ratio or percentage of sensing signal occasions during a configured duration, BS 202B considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied.
[0098] When functioning as the sensing receiver, BS 202A or BS 202B can deduce the location of the sensing object based on the received sensing signal. In some examples, BS 202A or BS 202B may perform sensing mode switching (e.g., performing case #2) based on the deduced location and the trigger condition (e.g., location information of a certain coverage) . For example, trigger condition #3 or trigger condition #3'may indicate one or more zone IDs or area IDs. When BS 202A or BS 202B deduces that the location of the sensing object is within the coverage of the indicated zones or areas, BS 202A or BS 202B considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied. For example, BS 202A or BS 202B can deduce the location of the sensing object based on the angle and distance between the BS and the sensing object. Trigger condition #3 or trigger condition #3'may indicate a specific range of angle, a range of distance or both. When BS 202A or BS 202B deduces that the angle and / or distance of the location of the sensing object is within the range defined in the trigger condition, BS 202A or BS 202B considers the trigger condition for case #2 to be satisfied.
[0099] At least one trigger condition may be defined for case #3. For example, from the perspective of BS 202A, trigger condition #4 may be defined for case #3 and may be similar to trigger condition #2 for case #5. For example, trigger condition #4 may indicate at least one of threshold #d1, an angle, an angle range, threshold #d2 or location information related to the sensing object. Case #3 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#D1) the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #d1; (#D2) the measured quality of the reflected signal measured at the angle or within the angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity satisfies threshold #d2; or (#D3) the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information. BS 202A may perform case #3 based on trigger condition #4. In some examples, when BS 202A operates in a bistatic sensing mode and functions as the sensing receiver while BS 202B functions as the sensing transmitter, it may switch to BS 202B monostatic mode in response to trigger condition #4 being satisfied.
[0100] For example, from the perspective of BS 202B, trigger condition #5 may be defined for case #3 and may be similar to trigger condition #3 for case #2. For example, trigger condition #5 may indicate at least one of threshold #e1 or location information related to the sensing object. Case #3 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#E1) the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #e1; or (#E2) the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information. BS 202B may perform case #3 based on trigger condition #5. In some examples, when BS 202B operates in a bistatic sensing mode and functions as the sensing receiver while BS 202A functions as the sensing transmitter, it may switch to BS 202B monostatic mode in response to trigger condition #5 being satisfied.
[0101] For example, case #4 is a similar scenario of case #1. Trigger condition #6 may be defined for case #4 and may be similar to trigger condition #1 for case #1. For example, trigger condition #6 may indicate at least one of threshold #f1, an angle, an angle range, threshold #f2, or location information related to the sensing object. Case #4 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#F1) the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #f1; (#F2) the measured quality of the reflected signal measured at the angle or within the angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity (e.g., a candidate RAN node or a TRP of the candidate RAN node) satisfies threshold #f2; or (#F3) the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information. BS 202B may perform case #4 based on trigger condition #6.
[0102] For example, case #6 is a similar scenario of case #5. Trigger condition #7 may be defined for case #6 and may be similar to trigger condition #2 for case #5. For example, trigger condition #7 may indicate at least one of threshold #g1, an angle, an angle range, threshold #g2 or location information related to the sensing object. Case #6 may be triggered in response to at least one of the following: (#G1) the measured quality of the reflected signal satisfies threshold #g1; (#G2) the measured quality of the reflected signal measured at the angle or within the angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity satisfies threshold #g2; or (#G3) the location of the sensing object deduced based on the sensing signal satisfies location information. BS 202B may perform case #6 based on trigger condition #7.
[0103] FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate exemplary procedures 300 and 400 for switching between RAN-node sensing modes in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. For example, BS 302A, BS 302B, BS 402A and BS 402B may function as NE 102 shown in FIG. 1 or the BSs shown in FIG. 2. For example, CN 306 and CN 406 may function as CN 106 shown in FIG. 1. For example, all of the foregoing descriptions of the RAN node can be applied to the BSs in FIGS. 3 and 4 or vice versa.
[0104] In the exemplary procedures of FIGS. 3 and 4, a BS may transmit its sensing capability to the CN to facilitate the sensing entity selection. For example, the CN (e.g., AMF or SF, or other network function (NF) in 5GC or 6GC) may select a BS to perform a sensing task based on at least one of the sensing capability information reported by BSs, the sensing requirement for the sensing task, target area information, or target object position information.
[0105] Referring to FIG. 3, CN 306 may initiate a sensing procedure at BS 302A, which may subsequently perform sensing-mode switching. As an example, FIG. 3 shows that BS 302A first operates in a monostatic sensing mode and then switches to another sensing mode based on the CN configuration. It should be noted that the initial sensing mode may differ in other examples.
[0106] At 311, CN 306 (e.g., AMF or SF, or other NF in 5GC or 6GC) may transmit a sensing command to initiate a sensing procedure for a sensing task at BS 302A. CN 306 may instruct BS 302A to operate in a certain sensing mode (e.g., the monostatic sensing mode) to perform the sensing procedure. The sensing task can be identified by a corresponding sensing task ID, or the sensing procedure associated with the sensing task can be identified by a corresponding ID (e.g., a sensing procedure ID or a sensing correlation ID) .
[0107] In some embodiments, CN 306 may transmit sensing related configuration information to BS 302A. The configuration information may be transmitted in the sensing command at 311 or in another message (e.g., a sensing configuration message) . For example, to deal with the mobility of a sensing object or possible blockage between the sensing entity and the sensing object, CN 306 may define and configure trigger conditions for BS 302A, enabling switching sensing mode dynamically.
[0108] In some embodiments, the configuration information may include configuration information for sensing mode switching and may include at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration. BS 302A can operate in various sensing modes based on the Tx sensing configuration and / or the Rx sensing configuration. For example, BS 302A can operate in the monostatic sensing mode base on the Tx sensing configuration and the Rx sensing configuration. Sensing mode switching at BS 302A can be triggered based on the trigger condition.
[0109] In some embodiments, the configuration information may include at least one trigger condition for at least one of case #1 (monostatic involving BS 302A -> bistatic involving BS 302A and another BS) , case #2 (bistatic involving BS 302A and another BS -> monostatic involving BS 302A) , case #3 (bistatic involving BS 302A and another BS -> monostatic involving the another BS) or case #5 (monostatic involving BS 302A -> monostatic involving another BS) . For example, the configuration information may include at least one of: trigger condition #1 for case #1, trigger condition #3 for case #2, trigger condition #4 for case #3 or trigger condition #2 for case #5. For example, to configure the at least one trigger condition, the configuration information may configure at least one of the following for BS 302A: a threshold for sensing measurement strength, a threshold for sensing delay, an angle, an angle range, a threshold for sensing measurement strength with respect to the angle or the angle range, a threshold for sensing delay with respect to the angle or the angle range, or sensed location information of the sensing object being within a certain coverage. The angle or angle range and the corresponding threshold may be associated with a candidate BS or a candidate TRP. For example, the configuration information may configure a BS or TRP ID for each angle or angle range.
[0110] In some embodiments, each trigger condition may be associated with an independent threshold, and is linked to a corresponding sensing task ID, sensing procedure ID and / or sensing correlation ID. In some embodiments, the configuration information (e.g., the trigger condition) may be associated with a valid time period. For example, each trigger condition may be associated with a corresponding valid time period (e.g., different trigger conditions having independent valid time periods or sharing the same valid time period) . BS 302A can release the corresponding configuration information in response to the expiration of the valid time period. For example, BS 302A can release trigger condition #Ain response to that the valid time period for trigger condition #Ais expired.
[0111] To achieve dynamic sensing mode switching to a candidate BS, CN 306 may select one or more candidate BSs and prepare the selected BSs for the switching. For example, CN 306 can select one or more neighbor BSs (e.g., BS 302B) of BS 302A as the candidates. CN 306 may preconfigure the selected BSs. For example, at 313, CN 306 may transmit configuration information for sensing mode switching to BS 302B. The configuration information may include at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration. For example, configuration information may include at least the Rx sensing configuration for BS 302B functioning as a sensing receiver. BS 302B may not apply the received configuration information until it receives a mode switching request from BS 302A via the interface between BS 302A and BS 302B, e.g., an Xn application protocol (XnAP) message in 5G or its 6G equivalent.
[0112] In some embodiments, the Rx sensing configuration can be used for at least one of: case #1 (monostatic involving BS 302A -> bistatic involving BS 302A and BS 302B) , case #3 (bistatic involving BS 302A and BS 302B -> monostatic involving BS 302B) , case #4 (monostatic involving BS 302B -> bistatic involving BS 302A and BS 302B) , case #5 (monostatic involving BS 302A -> monostatic involving BS 302B) . For case #3 and case #5, CN 306 may also configure a Tx sensing configuration for BS 302B. For case #1 and case #4, if BS 302B functions as a sensing transmitter rather than a sensing receiver, CN 306 may configure the Tx sensing configuration for BS 302B, instead of the Rx sensing configuration.
[0113] In some embodiments, each trigger condition or sensing configuration (e.g., Tx or Rx sensing configuration) may be associated with a valid time period. For example, each sensing configuration may be associated with a corresponding valid time period (e.g., different configuration having independent valid time periods or sharing the same valid time period) . BS 302B can release the corresponding configuration information in response to the expiration of the valid time period. Alternatively or additionally, BS 302B may release the configuration based on an explicit indication from CN 306. For example, when CN 306 determines to discontinue the sensing task or sensing procedure at BS 302A, it can notify candidate BSs (e.g., BS 302B) to release the pre-configuration.
[0114] In response to receiving the sensing command, BS 302A may operate in the monostatic sensing mode according to the CN configuration. BS 302A may handle or process the sensing result. At 315, BS 302A may determine whether to trigger sensing mode switching based on the trigger condition. For example, when the trigger condition for case #1 or case #5 is satisfied, BS 302A can trigger a sensing mode switch to a target BS associated with the satisfied trigger condition.
[0115] For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or lower than a threshold, or when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than a threshold, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal at an angle is equal to or lower than a threshold, or when the measured delay of the reflected signal at an angle is equal to or greater than a threshold, or when the sensing object enters a location defined by the trigger condition (e.g., via zone ID, area ID, or angle and distance) , BS 302A may switch to a new sensing mode in which BS 302B participates, e.g., either the bistatic sensing jointly performed by BS 302A and BS 302B or the monostatic sensing performed only by BS 302B. After the sensing mode switching, BS 302A and BS 302B may perform bistatic sensing (i.e., case #1) ; or BS 302B may perform monostatic sensing and BS 302A may cease the sensing procedure (i.e., case #5).
[0116] In some embodiments, in response to determining to trigger the sensing mode switching, BS 302A may trigger a procedure between BS 302A and BS 302B (e.g., an XnAP procedure or its 6G equivalent) . For example, at 317, BS 302A may transmit a sensing mode switching request message to BS 302B. The sensing mode switching request message may include at least one of the sensing task ID, the sensing procedure ID, the sensing correlation ID, the sensing signal configuration, the sensing resource configuration or an indication for controlling the sensing behavior of BS 302B. For example, the sensing signal configuration and the sensing resource configuration can be used for detecting the Tx sensing signal from BS 302A. For example, the indication for controlling the sensing behavior may instruct BS 302B to launch a Tx or Rx sensing behavior.
[0117] In some embodiments, BS 302A may indicate the updated sensing mode, the new sensing entity (e.g., BS 302B) or both to CN 306 at 319 (denoted in a dotted arrow as an option) . For example, this sensing mode update indication may indicate at least one of the new sensing mode, an ID of the new sensing entity, or an index of the trigger condition that triggers the sensing mode switching. In some embodiments, the sensing mode update indication may trigger CN 306 to configure at least one trigger condition for sensing mode switching at the new sensing entity.
[0118] In some embodiments, BS 302A may determine to switch to the bistatic sensing mode. For example, at 351, BS 302A may perform bistatic sensing with BS 302B. In some embodiments, BS 302A may maintain the monostatic sensing while performing the bistatic sensing. At 353, BS 302A may evaluate the trigger conditions and determine whether to switch to another sensing mode.
[0119] For example, when the trigger condition for case #2 (e.g., trigger condition #3) is satisfied, BS 302A may perform case #2 (e.g., fall back to the monostatic sensing at BS 302A) . For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than a threshold, or when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or less than a threshold, or when the sensing object enters a location defined by the trigger condition (e.g., via zone ID, area ID, or angle and distance) , BS 302A may switch to the monostatic sensing (case #2) . BS 302B may cease the sensing procedure in response to the sensing mode switching.
[0120] In some embodiments, in response to determining to trigger the sensing mode switching (e.g., the sensing mode fallback) , BS 302A may trigger a procedure between BS 302A and BS 302B (e.g., an XnAP procedure or its 6G equivalent) . For example, similar to operation 317, BS 302A may transmit a request message for the sensing mode fallback to BS 302B at 357. This request message may be the sensing mode switching request message as described with respect to operation 317, but with different usages. For example, the request message may include at least one of the sensing task ID, the sensing procedure ID, the sensing correlation ID or an indication for controlling the sensing behavior of BS 302B. For example, the indication for controlling the sensing behavior may instruct BS 302B to stop or discontinue the Tx or Rx sensing behavior.
[0121] For example, when the trigger condition for case #3 (e.g., trigger condition #4) is satisfied, BS 302A may perform case #3, e.g., switching from the bistatic sensing to monostatic sensing by BS 302B. For example, when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal is equal to or lower than a threshold, or when the measured delay of the reflected signal is equal to or greater than a threshold, or when the measured RSRP of the reflected signal at an angle is equal to or lower than a threshold, or when the measured delay of the reflected signal at an angle is equal to or greater than a threshold or when the sensing object enters a location defined by the trigger condition (e.g., via zone ID, area ID, or angle and distance) , BS 302A may switch to the monostatic sensing by another BS (case #3) . BS 302A may cease the sensing procedure in response to the sensing mode switching.
[0122] In some embodiments, in response to determining to trigger the sensing mode switching, BS 302A may trigger a procedure between BS 302A and BS 302B (e.g., an XnAP procedure or its 6G equivalent) . For example, similar to operation 317, BS 302A may transmit a request message to BS 302B at 357. This request message may be the sensing mode switching request message as described with respect to operation 317, but with different usages. For example, the request message may include at least one of the sensing task ID, the sensing procedure ID, the sensing correlation ID or an indication for controlling the sensing behavior of BS 302B. For example, the indication for controlling the sensing behavior may instruct BS 302B to launch the Tx and Rx sensing behaviors.
[0123] In some embodiments, similar to operation 319, BS 302A may indicate the updated sensing mode (e.g., monostatic sensing by BS 302A or monostatic sensing by BS 302B) to CN 306 at 359 (denoted in a dotted arrow as an option) .
[0124] In some embodiments, for the Tx or Rx sensing configuration at BS 302A, regardless of whether or when the sensing procedure is switched to another BS (e.g., BS 302B) , BS 302A may maintain the Tx or Rx sensing configuration until receiving a release indication from CN 306. Alternatively, BS 302A may keep the configuration for a period of time after it ceases the sensing procedure. BS 302A may release the configuration in response to the expiration of the time period after BS 302A stops performing the sensing procedure (e.g., after the sensing mode has been switched to another BS) .
[0125] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary procedure 300 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary procedure 300 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0126] Referring to FIG. 4, CN 406 may initiate a sensing procedure at BS 402A. As an example, BS 402A may first operate in a monostatic sensing mode, and subsequently switch to a sensing mode involving at least BS 402B; and then BS 402B may trigger further sensing-mode switching based on the CN configuration. It should be noted that the initial sensing mode may differ in other examples.
[0127] At 411, CN 406 (e.g., AMF or SF, or other NF in 5GC or 6GC) may transmit a sensing command to initiate a sensing procedure for a sensing task at BS 402A. CN 406 may instruct BS 402A to operate in a certain sensing mode (e.g., the monostatic sensing mode) to perform the sensing procedure. The sensing task can be identified by a corresponding sensing task ID, or the sensing procedure associated with the sensing task can be identified by a corresponding ID (e.g., a sensing procedure ID or a sensing correlation ID) .
[0128] In some embodiments, CN 406 may transmit sensing related configuration information to BS 402A. The configuration information may be transmitted in the sensing command at 411 or in another message (e.g., a sensing configuration message) . The descriptions of the sensing related configuration information for BS 302A in FIG. 3 also apply here. For example, the configuration information may include configuration information for sensing mode switching and may include at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration. BS 402A can operate in various sensing modes based on the Tx sensing configuration and / or the Rx sensing configuration. For example, BS 402A can operate in the monostatic sensing mode base on the Tx sensing configuration and the Rx sensing configuration. Sensing mode switching at BS 402A can be triggered based on the trigger condition. The descriptions of the trigger condition in FIG. 3 also apply here.
[0129] To achieve dynamic sensing mode switching to a candidate BS, CN 406 may select one or more candidate BSs and prepare the selected BSs for the switching. For example, CN 406 can select one or more neighbor BSs (e.g., BS 402B) of BS 402A as the candidates. CN 406 may preconfigure the selected BSs. For example, at 413, CN 406 may transmit configuration information for sensing mode switching to BS 402B. The configuration information may include at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration. BS 402B may not apply the received configuration information until it receives a mode switching request from BS 402A. The descriptions of the configuration information for BS 302B in FIG. 3 also apply here.
[0130] In response to receiving the sensing command, BS 402A may operate in the monostatic sensing mode according to the CN configuration. BS 402A may handle or process the sensing result. At 415, BS 402A may determine whether to trigger sensing mode switching based on the trigger condition. For example, when the trigger condition for case #1 (monostatic involving BS 402A -> bistatic involving BS 402A and another BS) or case #5 (monostatic involving BS 402A -> monostatic involving another BS) is satisfied, BS 402A can trigger a sensing mode switch to a target BS (e.g., BS 402B) associated with the satisfied trigger condition. For example, BS 402A may determine to switch to bistatic sensing jointly performed by BS 402A and BS 402B. After the sensing mode switching, BS 402A and BS 402B may perform bistatic sensing at 451.
[0131] In some embodiments, in response to determining to trigger the sensing mode switching, BS 402A may trigger a procedure between BS 402A and BS 402B (e.g., an XnAP procedure or its 6G equivalent) . For example, at 417, BS 402A may transmit a sensing mode switching request message to BS 402B. The descriptions of operation 317 and the sensing mode switching request message in FIG. 3 also apply here. BS 402B may start to perform a Tx or Rx sensing procedure according to the sensing resource indicated by BS 402A. For example, BS 402B may perform an Rx sensing procedure according to the sensing resource configuration from BS 402A and perform sensing result reporting according to the Rx sensing pre-configuration from CN 406 (e.g., in operation 413) .
[0132] In some embodiments, BS 402A may indicate the updated sensing mode, the new sensing entity (e.g., BS 402B) or both to CN 406 at 419 (denoted in a dotted arrow as an option) . The descriptions of operation 319 and the sensing mode update indication in FIG. 3 also apply here. In some embodiments, the sensing mode update indication may trigger CN 406 to configure at least one trigger condition for sensing mode switching at BS 402B. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one trigger condition for sensing mode switching is preconfigured for BS 402B (e.g., at operation 413) .
[0133] For example, CN 406 may include at least one trigger condition for at least one of case #2 (bistatic involving BS 402B and another BS -> monostatic involving another BS), case #3 (bistatic involving BS 402B and another BS -> monostatic involving BS 402B) , case #4 (monostatic involving BS 402B -> bistatic involving BS 402B and another BS) or case #6 (monostatic involving BS 402B -> monostatic involving another BS). For example, the configuration information may include at least one of: trigger condition #3'for case #2, trigger condition #5 for case #3, trigger condition #6 for case #4 or trigger condition #7 for case #6. For example, to configure the at least one trigger condition, the configuration information may configure at least one of the following for BS 402B: a threshold for sensing measurement strength, a threshold for sensing delay, an angle, an angle range, a threshold for sensing measurement strength with respect to the angle or the angle range, a threshold for sensing delay with respect to the angle or the angle range, or sensed location information of the sensing object being within a certain coverage. The angle or angle range and the corresponding threshold may be associated with a candidate BS or a candidate TRP. For example, the configuration information may configure a BS or TRP ID for each angle or angle range.
[0134] In some embodiments, each trigger condition may be associated with an independent threshold, and is linked to a corresponding sensing task ID, sensing procedure ID and / or sensing correlation ID. In some embodiments, the trigger condition may be associated with a valid time period. For example, each trigger condition may be associated with a corresponding valid time period (e.g., different trigger conditions having independent valid time periods or sharing the same valid time period) . BS 402B can release the corresponding trigger condition in response to the expiration of the valid time period. For example, BS 402A can release trigger condition #B in response to that the valid time period for trigger condition #B is expired. Alternatively or additionally, BS 402B may release the trigger condition based on an explicit indication from CN 406.
[0135] At 453, BS 402B may evaluate the trigger conditions and determine whether to switch to another sensing mode. For example, when the trigger condition for case #2 (e.g., trigger condition #3') is satisfied, BS 402B may perform case #2. For example, BS 402B may switch to the monostatic sensing at BS 402A and cease the sensing procedure. For example, when the trigger condition for case #3 (e.g., trigger condition #5) is satisfied, BS 402B may perform case #3. For example, BS 402B may perform the monostatic sensing and BS 402A may cease the sensing procedure.
[0136] In some embodiments, in response to determining to trigger the sensing mode switching, BS 402B may trigger a procedure between BS 402A and BS 402B (e.g., an XnAP procedure or its 6G equivalent) . For example, similar to operation 417, BS 402B may transmit a sensing mode switching request message to BS 402A at 457. The foregoing descriptions of the sensing mode switching request message also apply here. For example, the message may include at least one of the sensing task ID, the sensing procedure ID, the sensing correlation ID or an indication for controlling the sensing behavior of BS 402A. For example, the indication for controlling the sensing behavior may instruct BS 402A to stop or discontinue the Tx or Rx sensing behavior (case #3) , or to launch the Tx or Rx sensing behavior (case #2) .
[0137] In some embodiments, similar to operation 419, BS 402B may indicate the updated sensing mode (e.g., monostatic sensing by BS 402A or monostatic sensing by BS 402B) to CN 406 at 459 (denoted in a dotted arrow as an option) .
[0138] As an example, it is assumed that BS 402B perform case #3 and operates in to the monostatic sensing mode. BS 402B may handle or process the sensing result, and may determine whether to trigger another sensing mode switching based on the trigger condition. For example, when the trigger condition for case #4 (e.g., trigger condition #6) is satisfied, BS 402B may perform case #4. For example, BS 402B may switch to a bistatic sensing with another BS (denoted as BS #C1, which can be BS 402A or a different BS) . For example, when the trigger condition for case #6 (e.g., trigger condition #7) is satisfied, BS 402B may perform case #6. For example, BS 402B may cease the sensing procedure and another BS (denoted as BS #C2, which can be BS 402A or a different BS) may perform the monostatic sensing.
[0139] In some embodiments, similar to operation 457, BS 402B may transmit a sensing mode switching request message to BS #C1 or BS #C2. The request message may include at least one of the sensing task ID, the sensing procedure ID, the sensing correlation ID or an indication for controlling the sensing behavior of BS #C1 or BS #C2. For example, the indication for controlling the sensing behavior may instruct BS #C1 or BS #C2 to launch the Tx or Rx sensing behavior. In some embodiments, similar to operation 459, BS 402B may optionally indicate the updated sensing mode (e.g., bistatic sensing by BS 402B and BS #C1 or monostatic sensing by BS #C2) to CN 406.
[0140] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary procedure 400 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary procedure 400 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0141] In some embodiments, a RAN node may include a CU and one or more DUs. For example, a BS may include a BS-CU and one or more BS-DUs. A CU and a DU may be connected via a network interface (e.g., F1 interface or its equivalent in future generation such as 6G) . One DU may connect to a single CU. In the CU-DU split architecture, when there is a sensing mode switch, the CU of a RAN node needs to indicate the DU of the RAN node the change in the sensing mode.
[0142] FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary procedure 500 for updating sensing mode in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 5. For example, RAN node 502 may function as NE 102 shown in FIG. 1 or the BSs shown in FIGS. 2-4 or vice versa.
[0143] Referring to FIG. 5, RAN node 502 may include a CU (e.g., CU 521) and at least one DU (e.g., DU 523) . At 511, CU 521 may initiate a sensing mode update procedure by transmitting a message (denoted as message #1) to DU 523 that indicates a sensing mode change for a sensing procedure. Message #1 may be referred to as a sensing mode update message, a sensing mode update request message or other names that can be conceived of by persons skilled in the art. In some embodiments, message #1 may specify the role of DU 523 in the new sensing mode: whether DU 523 functions as a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver or both. For example, an indicator in message #1 may use different enumerated values such as "Tx" , "Rx" and "Tx&Rx" to indicate that DU 523 should function as the sensing transmitter, sensing receiver or both, respectively.
[0144] At 513, DU 523 may transmit a message (denoted as message #2) in response to message #1. Message #2 may acknowledge that DU 523 has successfully updated the sensing mode. Message #2 may be referred to as a sensing mode update acknowledge message, a sensing mode update response message or other names that can be conceived of by persons skilled in the art.
[0145] In some embodiment, message #1 may indicate DU 523 to stop sensing (e.g., stop the Rx sensing procedure) and message #2 may include a sensing report.
[0146] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary procedure 500 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary procedure 500 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0147] Within the context of this disclosure, the terms "sensing mode switching / change" and "sensing entity switching / change" may be used interchangeably. Furthermore, while embodiments herein may employ 5G concepts (e.g., network functions, interfaces, messages) , these are illustrative and can be substituted with their equivalents in future-generation systems like 6G.
[0148] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 600 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 6.
[0149] In some examples, method 600 may be performed by an NE (e.g., a BS or a RAN node) or by a component of an NE (e.g., the DU or CU of a RAN node) . In some embodiments, the NE or the component of the NE may execute a set of instructions to control its functional elements to perform the described functions or operations. In some examples, a processor of the NE or a processor of the component of the NE may cause the NE to perform method 600. For the sake of simplicity, the operations in method 600 are described as follows with respect to a RAN node. The RAN node may include at least one DU and a CU serving to the least one DU.
[0150] At 611, the RAN node may receive, from a CN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration. At 613, the RAN node may switch from a first sensing mode to a second sensing mode, to perform a sensing procedure for a sensing task based on the trigger condition.
[0151] In some embodiments, the sensing mode switching includes at least one of: switching from a first monostatic mode where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to a bistatic mode, where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a second RAN node functions as a sensing receiver or the RAN node functions as a sensing receiver and the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter, switching from the bistatic mode to the first monostatic mode, switching from the bistatic mode to a second monostatic mode, where the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, switching from the second monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, switching from the first monostatic mode to the second monostatic mode, or switching from the second monostatic mode to the first monostatic mode.
[0152] In some embodiments, the trigger condition includes at least one of: a measurement parameter of a sensing signal satisfying a first threshold; a measurement parameter of the sensing signal measured at an angle satisfying a second threshold; or a sensed location of a sensing object satisfying location information. In some embodiments, the trigger condition is associated with an ID of the sensing procedure or an ID of the sensing task.
[0153] In some embodiments, the measurement parameter of the sensing signal includes at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler shift value, velocity, AOA, or ZOA.
[0154] In some embodiments, the angle is within an angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity. The location information is associated with a candidate sensing entity.
[0155] In some embodiments, the location information includes at least one of a zone ID, an area ID, a distance threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node or an angle threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node.
[0156] In some embodiments, the configuration information is associated with a valid time period. The RAN node may release the configuration information in response to expiration of the valid time period.
[0157] In some embodiments, the RAN node may receive a sensing command for initiating the sensing procedure from the CN node. The configuration information is included in the sensing command.
[0158] In some embodiments, to switch from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode, the RAN node may transmit a first sensing mode switching request message to the second RAN node, the first sensing mode switching request message including at least one of an ID of the sensing procedure, an ID of the sensing task, a sensing signal configuration, a sensing resource configuration or an indication for controlling a sensing behavior of the second RAN node.
[0159] In some embodiments, the RAN node may release the configuration information in response to receiving a release indication from the CN node or in response to expiration of a time period after the RAN node stops performing the sensing procedure.
[0160] In some embodiments, the RAN node may apply the configuration information in response to receiving a second sensing mode switching request message from a second RAN node. In some embodiments, the second sensing mode switching request message includes at least one of an ID of the sensing procedure, an ID of the sensing task, a sensing signal configuration, a sensing resource configuration or an indication for controlling a sensing behavior of the RAN node.
[0161] In some embodiments, the RAN node may transmit a sensing mode update indication to the CN node in response to switching from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode, the sensing mode update indication indicating at least one of the second sensing mode, an ID of the second RAN node, or an index of the trigger condition that triggers the switching from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode.
[0162] In some embodiments, the RAN node may transmit, from a CU of the RAN node to a DU of the RAN node, a first message indicating a sensing mode change for the sensing procedure.
[0163] In some embodiments, the first message indicates whether the DU of the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter, a sensing receiver or both.
[0164] In some embodiments, the RAN node may transmit, from the DU to the CU, a second message in response to the first message. In some embodiments, the first message indicates the DU to stop sensing and the second message includes a sensing report.
[0165] In some embodiments, the RAN node may perform the sensing procedure concurrently in the first sensing mode and the second sensing mode.
[0166] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 600 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary method 600 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0167] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 700 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 7. In some embodiments, the CN node may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the CN node (e.g., functional elements of one or more CN entities) to perform the described functions or operations. For example, the CN node may be one or more functions such as AMF and SF, each of which may perform respective operations as described. In some examples, a processor of the CN node (e.g., the processor (s) of one or more CN entities) may cause the CN node to perform method 700.
[0168] At 711, the CN node may receive, from a RAN node, sensing capability information. At 713, the CN node may transmit, to the RAN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching to perform a sensing procedure, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration.
[0169] In some embodiments, the sensing mode switching includes at least one of: switching from a first monostatic mode where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to a bistatic mode, where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a second RAN node functions as a sensing receiver or the RAN node functions as a sensing receiver and the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter, switching from the bistatic mode to the first monostatic mode, switching from the bistatic mode to a second monostatic mode, where the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, switching from the second monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, switching from the first monostatic mode to the second monostatic mode, or switching from the second monostatic mode to the first monostatic mode.
[0170] In some embodiments, the trigger condition includes at least one of: a measurement parameter of a sensing signal satisfying a first threshold; a measurement parameter of the sensing signal measured at an angle satisfying a second threshold; or a sensed location of a sensing object satisfying location information. In some embodiments, the trigger condition is associated with an ID of the sensing procedure for a sensing task or an ID of the sensing task.
[0171] In some embodiments, the measurement parameter of the sensing signal includes at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, TOA, TDOA, Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler shift value, velocity, AOA, or ZOA.
[0172] In some embodiments, the angle is within an angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity. The location information is associated with a candidate sensing entity.
[0173] In some embodiments, the location information includes at least one of a zone ID, an area ID, a distance threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node or an angle threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node.
[0174] In some embodiments, the CN node transmit a sensing command for initiating the sensing procedure to the RAN node. The configuration information is included in the sensing command.
[0175] In some embodiments, the CN node transmit, to the RAN node, a release indication to release the configuration information at the RAN node.
[0176] In some embodiments, the CN node receive a sensing mode update indication from the RAN node, the sensing mode update indication indicating at least one of an updated sensing mode for the sensing procedure, an ID of the second RAN node, or an index of the trigger condition that triggers the sensing mode switching.
[0177] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 700 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary method 700 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0178] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an apparatus 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Apparatus 800 may be a network node, an NE, a BS or any types of RAN node such as NodeB, an eNB, a gNB or a RAN node in 6G. Apparatus 800 may be a component of a RAN node such as a CU or a DU. Apparatus 800 may be a CN node, a CN entity, a CN module, or a CN function. Apparatus 800 may include a processor 802, a memory 804, a controller 806 and a transceiver 808. The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806 or the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0179] The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806 or the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, an ASIC or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0180] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate the memory 804. In some other implementations, the memory 804 may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause apparatus 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0181] The memory 804 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 802 cause apparatus 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 804 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0182] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause apparatus 800 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) . For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at apparatus 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, apparatus 800 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGS. 1-7.
[0183] For example, apparatus 800 may be configured to support: a means for receiving, from a CN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration; and a means for switching from a first sensing mode to a second sensing mode, to perform a sensing procedure for a sensing task based on the trigger condition.
[0184] For example, apparatus 800 may be configured to support: a means for receiving, from a RAN node, sensing capability information; and a means for transmitting, to the RAN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching to perform a sensing procedure, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration.
[0185] The controller 806 may manage input and output signals for apparatus 800. The controller 806 may also manage peripherals not integrated into apparatus 800. In some implementations, the controller 806 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 806 may be implemented as part of the processor 802.
[0186] In some implementations, apparatus 800 may include at least one transceiver 808. In some other implementations, apparatus 800 may have more than one transceiver 808. The transceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may include one or more receiver chains 810, one or more transmitter chains 812 or a combination thereof.
[0187] A receiver chain 810 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data or packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 810 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., an LNA) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one decoder for decoding and processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0188] A transmitter chain 812 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data or packets) . The transmitter chain 812 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as AM, FM or digital modulation schemes like PSK or QAM. The transmitter chain 812 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 812 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0189] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary apparatus 800 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary apparatus 800 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary apparatus 800, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, apparatus 800 may not include the controller 806.
[0190] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0191] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) and others) .
[0192] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access and coordinating timing of operations.
[0193] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine a subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 904. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs and other functional units of the processor 900.
[0194] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
[0195] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0196] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons and bitwise operations.
[0197] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the processor 900 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGS. 1-7.
[0198] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to support: a means for receiving, from a CN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration; and a means for switching from a first sensing mode to a second sensing mode, to perform a sensing procedure for a sensing task based on the trigger condition.
[0199] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to support: a means for receiving, from a RAN node, sensing capability information; and a means for transmitting, to the RAN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching to perform a sensing procedure, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a Tx sensing configuration, or an Rx sensing configuration.
[0200] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary processor 900 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary processor 900 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary processor 900, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the processor 900 may not include the ALUs 906.
[0201] Those having ordinary skill in the art would understand that the operations or steps of the methods described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Additionally, in some aspects, the operations or steps of the methods may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and / or instructions on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0202] While this disclosure has been described with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art. The disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded with the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. For example, various components of the embodiments may be interchanged, added or substituted in other embodiments. Also, all of the elements of each figure are not necessary for the operation of the disclosed embodiments. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art of the disclosed embodiments would be enabled to make and use the teachings of the disclosure by simply employing the elements of the independent claims. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosure as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0203] In this document, this document, the terms "includes, " "comprising, " "includes, " "including, " or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. The term "transport" may mean "receive" or "transmit" depending on the context. An element proceeded by "a, " "an, " or the like does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element. Also, the term "another" is defined as at least a second or more. The term "having" or the like, as used herein, is defined as "including. " Expressions such as "A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include any and all combinations of words enumerated along with the expression. For instance, the expression "A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include A, B or both A and B. The wording "the first, " "the second" or the like is only used to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure, but is not used to limit the substance of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A radio access network (RAN) node, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the RAN node to:receive, from a core network (CN) node, configuration information for sensing mode switching, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a transmit (Tx) sensing configuration, or a receive (Rx) sensing configuration; andswitch from a first sensing mode to a second sensing mode, to perform a sensing procedure for a sensing task based on the trigger condition.2.The RAN node of claim 1, wherein the sensing mode switching comprises at least one of :switching from a first monostatic mode where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to a bistatic mode, where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a second RAN node functions as a sensing receiver or the RAN node functions as a sensing receiver and the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter,switching from the bistatic mode to the first monostatic mode,switching from the bistatic mode to a second monostatic mode, where the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver,switching from the second monostatic mode to the bistatic mode,switching from the first monostatic mode to the second monostatic mode, orswitching from the second monostatic mode to the first monostatic mode.3.The RAN node of claim 1, wherein the trigger condition comprises at least one of:a measurement parameter of a sensing signal satisfying a first threshold;a measurement parameter of the sensing signal measured at an angle satisfying a second threshold; ora sensed location of a sensing object satisfying location information; andwherein the trigger condition is associated with an identifier (ID) of the sensing procedure or an ID of the sensing task.4.The RAN node of claim 3, wherein the measurement parameter of the sensing signal comprises at least one of reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , time of arrival (TOA) , time difference of arrival (TDOA) , Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler shift value, velocity, angle of arrival (AOA) , or zenith angle of arrival (ZOA) .5.The RAN node of claim 3, wherein the angle is within an angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity; and wherein the location information is associated with a candidate sensing entity.6.The RAN node of claim 3, wherein the location information comprises at least one of a zone identifier (ID) , an area ID, a distance threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node or an angle threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node.7.The RAN node of claim 2, wherein to switch from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode, the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to transmit a first sensing mode switching request message to the second RAN node, the first sensing mode switching request message comprising at least one of an identifier (ID) of the sensing procedure, an ID of the sensing task, a sensing signal configuration, a sensing resource configuration or an indication for controlling a sensing behavior of the second RAN node.8.The RAN node of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to apply the configuration information in response to receiving a second sensing mode switching request message from a second RAN node; andwherein the second sensing mode switching request message comprises at least one of an identifier (ID) of the sensing procedure, an ID of the sensing task, a sensing signal configuration, a sensing resource configuration or an indication for controlling a sensing behavior of the RAN node.9.The RAN node of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to transmit a sensing mode update indication to the CN node in response to switching from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode, the sensing mode update indication indicating at least one of the second sensing mode, an ID of the second RAN node, or an index of the trigger condition that triggers the switching from the first sensing mode to the second sensing mode.10.The RAN node of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the RAN node to transmit, from a centralized unit (CU) of the RAN node to a distributed unit (DU) of the RAN node, a first message indicating a sensing mode change for the sensing procedure.11.A core network (CN) node, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the CN node to:receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node, sensing capability information; andtransmit, to the RAN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching to perform a sensing procedure, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a transmit (Tx) sensing configuration, or a receive (Rx) sensing configuration.12.The CN node of claim 17, wherein the sensing mode switching comprises at least one of :switching from a first monostatic mode where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver to a bistatic mode, where the RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a second RAN node functions as a sensing receiver or the RAN node functions as a sensing receiver and the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter,switching from the bistatic mode to the first monostatic mode,switching from the bistatic mode to a second monostatic mode, where the second RAN node functions as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver,switching from the second monostatic mode to the bistatic mode,switching from the first monostatic mode to the second monostatic mode, orswitching from the second monostatic mode to the first monostatic mode.13.The CN node of claim 11, wherein the trigger condition comprises at least one of:a measurement parameter of a sensing signal satisfying a first threshold;a measurement parameter of the sensing signal measured at an angle satisfying a second threshold; ora sensed location of a sensing object satisfying location information; andwherein the trigger condition is associated with an identifier (ID) of the sensing procedure for a sensing task or an ID of the sensing task.14.The CN node of claim 13, wherein the measurement parameter of the sensing signal comprises at least one of reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , time of arrival (TOA) , time difference of arrival (TDOA) , Rx-Tx timing difference, Doppler shift value, velocity, angle of arrival (AOA) , or zenith angle of arrival (ZOA) .15.The CN node of claim 13, wherein the angle is within an angle range associated with a candidate sensing entity; and wherein the location information is associated with a candidate sensing entity.16.The CN node of claim 13, wherein the location information comprises at least one of a zone identifier (ID) , an area ID, a distance threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node or an angle threshold between the sensing object and the RAN node.17.The CN node of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to transmit a sensing command for initiating the sensing procedure to the RAN node, wherein the configuration information is included in the sensing command.18.The CN node of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to receive a sensing mode update indication from the RAN node, the sensing mode update indication indicating at least one of an updated sensing mode for the sensing procedure, an ID of the second RAN node, or an index of the trigger condition that triggers the sensing mode switching.19.A method for wireless communication, the method comprising:receiving, from a core network (CN) node, configuration information for sensing mode switching, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a transmit (Tx) sensing configuration, or a receive (Rx) sensing configuration; andswitching from a first sensing mode to a second sensing mode, to perform a sensing procedure for a sensing task based on the trigger condition.20.A method for wireless communication, the method comprising:receiving, from a radio access network (RAN) node, sensing capability information; andtransmitting, to the RAN node, configuration information for sensing mode switching to perform a sensing procedure, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of: a trigger condition for the sensing mode switching, a transmit (Tx) sensing configuration, or a receive (Rx) sensing configuration.