Intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system and implementation method

Abstract

A tag key, a fracturing sliding sleeve used in conjunction with the tag key, a process method for monitoring the number of sliding sleeves passed through by the tag key on the ground, a fracturing parameter monitoring method using the fracturing sliding sleeve, and a method for closing the fracturing sliding sleeve. The tag key comprises a sealing member (110) and an expansion member (106); and the fracturing sliding sleeve is provided with second locking members (205). The tag key can undergo expansion, locking, and sealing in a same sliding sleeve, reducing a movement distance in a wellbore after the tag is expanded, and reducing the risk of the tag key getting stuck during pumping. The fracturing sliding sleeve integrating a sensor and a control module can monitor downhole fracturing parameters in real time, read monitoring data by means of a data read-back process, and work in conjunction with a ground monitoring system to monitor pressure changes when the tag key is pumped through the sliding sleeves, accurately determining in real time the pumping position of the tag key.

Description

A smart fracturing sliding sleeve system and its implementation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fracturing sliding sleeve system technology, and more specifically to an intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system and its implementation method. Background Technology

[0002] With fewer and fewer medium- and high-permeability oil and gas fields being developed in my country, and more and more tight rock formation oil fields, fracturing has become a crucial technical measure for increasing oil and gas well production. It is also an effective means of re-activating and unblocking tight rock formations and low-permeability oil reservoirs, leading to the development of the infinite-stage fracturing sliding sleeve technology. This technology eliminates the need for perforations and packers, reducing operation time, lowering costs, and increasing reservoir utilization, thus achieving economical and efficient development. Currently, domestic infinite-stage fracturing sliding sleeve technologies utilize opening tools such as balls and darts, which are poorly suited for wells with deformed casing. These tools are prone to encountering obstructions during pumping, making it impossible to open the target segment of the sliding sleeve and determine the location of the opening tool. Any problems encountered can cause significant blockages to further operations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system and its implementation method, which aims to solve the problem that the casing is deformed due to formation pressure, causing tag-type or ball-type tools to fail to be pumped into place.

[0004] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A tag key includes a central tube with a pressure-through hole. The central tube is characterized by a cap fixed to its right end, a push sleeve slidably connected to the central tube, a first locking device engaged on the push sleeve and the cap, a push sleeve protrusion fixed to the inner wall of the push sleeve, a right-side cavity formed between the central tube, the cap, the push sleeve, and the push sleeve protrusion, an execution module disposed within the right-side cavity, the execution module capable of blocking and opening the pressure-through hole, an expansion member slidably connected to the central tube, an expansion member fixed to the left end of the push sleeve, a left-side cavity formed between the central tube, the push sleeve, the push sleeve protrusion, and the expansion member, an isolation ring fixed to the central tube, the isolation ring located within the left-side cavity, the push sleeve slidably connected to the isolation ring, a tapered sleeve fixed to the right side of the central tube, a retaining ring fixed to the expansion member, a sealing element mounting groove formed between the retaining ring and the expansion member, a sealing element mounted within the sealing element mounting groove on the expansion member, and a reduced-diameter section disposed on the right side of the inner wall of the cap.

[0006] The outer wall of the cone sleeve has a tapered inclined surface with a gradually increasing diameter from right to left. Multiple circumferentially distributed forked parts are fixed to the expansion member. The inner wall surface of the forked parts is in surface contact with the tapered inclined surface. The outer wall of the right part of the cone sleeve has circumferentially distributed teeth integrally formed. A tooth mounting groove is formed between any two adjacent forked parts. The number of tooth mounting grooves is the same as the number of teeth, so that one tooth is inserted into each tooth mounting groove. The tooth mounting groove restricts the degree of freedom of the teeth in the circumferential direction.

[0007] Each tooth has a threaded hole, and the retaining ring has a through hole that communicates with the threaded hole. The retaining ring is fixed to the tooth by first passing a bolt through the through hole and then screwing it into the threaded hole.

[0008] The central tube and the cap form a central channel, through which fracturing balls can pass. The fracturing balls can be stuck at the entrance of the narrowed section of the cap to block the central channel.

[0009] A straightening spring is fixed to the right side of the cover. The straightening spring has a circumferentially distributed and radially outward rib structure, and a slit is formed between any two adjacent ribs.

[0010] The seal is a rubber sealing ring, or the seal includes a metal sealing ring and an open ring fixed to the left end of the metal sealing ring.

[0011] A fracturing sleeve, used in conjunction with the aforementioned tag key, includes a sleeve body, a flow channel and a signal module on the sleeve body, a sleeve inner core inside the sleeve body, and the sleeve body and the sleeve inner core are locked together by a second locking device.

[0012] The tag key also includes a control module, which identifies the signal module when the tag key passes through the fracturing sleeve. When the target sleeve is identified, the control module can control the execution module to open the pressure-bearing hole.

[0013] When the pusher sleeve pushes the rubber sealing ring to the left, it expands radially under the action of the pusher sleeve and the retaining ring, so that the rubber sealing ring can seal the inner core of the sliding sleeve.

[0014] When the pusher sleeve pushes the metal sealing ring to the left, the metal sealing ring moves along the conical surface of the expansion member. Under the action of the pusher sleeve and the conical surface, the metal sealing ring expands radially, enabling the metal sealing ring to seal the inner core of the sliding sleeve.

[0015] The electrical cavity sealing chamber is equipped with a signal module and a storage module. The sliding sleeve body is provided with a conduit mounting hole and a capture port located on the left side of the electrical cavity sealing chamber. The capture port is located to the left of the conduit mounting hole. The electrical cavity sealing chamber, the conduit mounting hole and the capture port are connected. A plug is installed in the conduit mounting hole to seal it.

[0016] A process for monitoring the number of sliding sleeves of a ground-based tag key, wherein the right side of the cover is fixed with a straightening spring, and the straightening spring has a circumferentially distributed and radially outward rib structure.

[0017] When the centralizing spring passes through the inner core of the sliding sleeve, it will be locked at the narrowed section of the inner core. The right end of the centralizing spring has a conical surface, so when the pump truck pressure is increased, it will be subjected to a radial force in the direction of the axis applied by the inner core of the sliding sleeve, causing it to contract radially and pass through the inner core of the sliding sleeve. The increased pressure value will be monitored by the pressure sensor integrated on the ground inlet or pressure manifold.

[0018] A method for monitoring fracturing parameters involves placing a coiled tubing carrying a dedicated retrieval tool into the wellbore. Once the retrieval tool reaches the target formation, its manipulator retrieves the plug and the storage module fixed to it. At this point, the top ring of the coiled tubing is lifted and retracted, further compressing the spring. The plug and the storage module disengage from their installation positions, allowing the manipulator to retract with the plug and storage module. The top ring then resets under the action of the spring.

[0019] The retrieval tool, equipped with wireless communication and reading capabilities, is lowered into the wellbore using a combination of cable-stayed tubing, conventional tubing, or coiled tubing with an internal cable. Once the retrieval tool reaches the target formation, it reads the signal transmitted by the signal module, analyzes the parameters, and transmits the parameters of the fracturing formation to the surface in real time via a pre-installed cable inside the cable-stayed tubing for formation fracturing parameter analysis. After the data is read, the cable-stayed tubing carries the retrieval tool out of the well, completing the data readback.

[0020] A method for closing a fracturing sleeve involves using the aforementioned fracturing sleeve and running a coiled tubing with a tagged key into the wellbore. Once the seal engages the inner core of the sleeve, the coiled tubing with the tagged key is dragged to the left. The seal causes the inner core of the sleeve to close the flow channel. After the flow channel is closed, the locking spring ring is re-embedded into the annular groove on the left side of the inner wall of the sleeve shell, thus achieving the re-closure of the fracturing sleeve.

[0021] In fact, depending on the needs, data on the production process can be flexibly obtained by reading or retrieving storage chips online, for example, after fracturing operations are completed and during the later stages of production.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system and implementation method of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] The expansion, locking, and sealing of the tag key within the same sliding sleeve reduces the distance the tag travels within the wellbore after expansion, effectively minimizing the risk of the tag key getting stuck during pumping.

[0024] The tag key diameter is much smaller than the wellbore's inner diameter, which greatly reduces the risk of the tag key failing to move properly and opening the sliding sleeve due to wellbore deformation or debris accumulation. Taking a 5.5-inch casing as an example, the standard inner diameter of the casing is 114mm to 121mm. When casing deformation or breakage occurs, smart tags of different specifications with diameters of 72mm to 98mm can generally be used to ensure passage at the deformed location. Proportionally, the outer diameter of the smart tag can generally be 60% to 85% of the casing's inner diameter.

[0025] The sliding sleeve integrated sensor and its control module can monitor downhole fracturing parameters in real time, and read the monitoring data through a data readback process, providing effective data support for the whole well fracturing operation.

[0026] The system is equipped with a ground monitoring system to monitor pressure changes as the tag key is pumped through the sliding sleeve, accurately determining the pumping position of the tag key in real time, and providing parameters for technicians to confirm the opening of the target sliding sleeve. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a key with a rubber-sealed tag;

[0028] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the seal on the rubber-sealed tag key after it has expanded;

[0029] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a key with a metal-sealed tag;

[0030] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the seal on the metal-sealed tag key after it has expanded.

[0031] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the expansion component;

[0032] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the tapered sleeve;

[0033] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the fit between the expander and the tapered sleeve;

[0034] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the fit between the expander, the tapered sleeve, and the retaining ring;

[0035] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the fracturing sleeve;

[0036] Figure 10 is a magnified view of a portion of Figure 9;

[0037] Figure 11 shows a partial schematic diagram of the fracturing sleeve;

[0038] Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of the blockage;

[0039] Figures 13 to 15 show the process of the key tag opening the cracked sliding sleeve;

[0040] Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of wireless communication for reading data;

[0041] Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the salvage storage module;

[0042] Figure 18 shows a side view of the bulging component;

[0043] Figure 19 shows a piping diagram of an intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system;

[0044] Figure 20 shows the logic diagram for monitoring signal readback;

[0045] Figure 21 shows the logic diagram of the tag key detection signal;

[0046] Figure 22 shows a schematic diagram of the initial state when the fracturing sleeve is closed again.

[0047] In the diagram: 101, central tube; 101a, pressure-permeable hole; 102, cap; 103, push sleeve; 104, first locking device; 105a, control module; 105b, execution module; 105c, battery; 106, expansion component; 106a, fork component; 106b, locking block; 107, isolation ring; 108, cone sleeve; 108a, tooth; 109, retaining ring; 110, sealing component; 110a, metal sealing ring; 110b, opening ring; 111, fracturing ball; 112, centralizing spring; 201 1. Sliding sleeve housing; 201a. Flow channel opening; 201b. Battery; 201c. Detection and control module; 201d. Sensor; 201e. Signal module; 201f. Storage module; 202. Electrical cavity housing; 202a. Through-line conduit; 202b. Sealing device; 202c. Top ring; 202d. Spring; 202e. Capture port; 203. Upper connector; 204. Sliding sleeve inner core; 204a. Locking spring ring; 205. Second locking device; 206. Lower connector; 3. Retrieval tool; 3a. Robotic arm. Detailed Implementation

[0048] A tag key, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, includes a central tube 101 with a pressure-through hole 101a on its right side. The outer wall of the right side of the central tube 101 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the left side of the cover 102. A push sleeve 103 is slidably connected to the central tube 101, and a first locking device 104 is fixedly connected to the push sleeve 103, locking it to the outer wall of the cover 102. A push sleeve protrusion is integrally formed on the inner wall of the push sleeve 103, and the push sleeve protrusion is slidably connected to the central tube 101. A right-side cavity is formed between the central tube 101, the cover 102, the push sleeve 103, and the push sleeve protrusion. A control module 105a, an execution module 105b, and a battery 105c are disposed in the right-side cavity. The control module 105a and the execution module 105b are fixedly connected to the central tube 101, for example, by binding with tape or other materials. The execution module 105b can block the pressure-through hole 101a. The battery 105c is fixed to the cover 102 by tape or binding. The battery 105c supplies power to the control module 105a and the execution module 105b. The control module 105a can control the execution module 105b to block the pressure hole 101a, and the control module 105a can also control the execution module 105b to open the pressure hole 101a. The execution module 105b can be a miniature electric linear actuator or a small solenoid valve.

[0049] Further explanation, referring to Figures 5 to 8: An expansion member 106 is slidably connected to the central tube 101 via a sleeve. The inner wall of the left side of the push sleeve 103 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the right side of the expansion member 106. The left end of the expansion member 106 has integrally formed circumferentially distributed forked members 106a. This forked design facilitates the expansion of the forked members 106a. A locking block 106b is fixedly attached to the outer wall of the left side of the forked members 106a. A left-side cavity is formed between the central tube 101, the push sleeve 103, the push sleeve protrusion, and the expansion member 106. The inner wall of the isolation ring 107 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the central tube 101. The isolation ring 107 is located within the left-side cavity and is slidably connected to the push sleeve 103. The inner wall of the right side of the cone sleeve 108 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the left side of the central tube 101. A gradually increasing diameter slope is formed on the outer wall of the cone sleeve 108, referred to as the cone sleeve slope for easy distinction. The inner wall of the fork member 106a is also provided with an inclined surface, referred to as the fork member inclined surface. The purpose is to achieve surface contact between the fork member inclined surface and the tapered sleeve inclined surface. The outer wall of the right part of the tapered sleeve 108 is integrally formed with circumferentially evenly distributed teeth 108a. A tooth mounting groove is formed between any two adjacent fork members 106a. The number of tooth mounting grooves is the same as the number of teeth 108a, so that one tooth 108a is inserted into each tooth mounting groove. The tooth mounting groove restricts the circumferential freedom of the teeth 108a. A retaining ring 109 is fitted on the expansion member 106. Each tooth 108a is provided with a threaded hole. The retaining ring 109 is provided with a through hole that communicates with the threaded hole. The retaining ring 109 is fixed to the tooth 108a by first passing a bolt through the through hole and then screwing it into the threaded hole. A sealing element mounting groove is formed between the retaining ring 109 and the expansion member 106. The sealing element 110 is sleeved on the expansion member 106 and located within the sealing element mounting groove to abut against the radial walls of the retaining ring 109 and the expansion member 106. The central tube 101 and the cap 102 form a central channel. A reduced diameter section is provided on the right side of the inner wall of the cap 102. The central tube 101 can pass through the fracturing ball 111, which then enters the interior of the cap 102. Finally, the fracturing ball 111 gets stuck at the entrance of the reduced diameter section of the cap 102, blocking the central channel.

[0050] To further explain, the right side of the outer wall of the cap 102 is threadedly connected to the left side of the inner wall of the centering spring 112. The centering spring 112 has a circumferentially distributed and radially outward expanding rib structure. A slit is formed between any two adjacent ribs.

[0051] The first locking device 104 can be a conventional shear pin, with one end threaded onto the push sleeve 103 and the other end inserted into the cover 102. If the push sleeve 103 tends to move and the first locking device 104 is insufficient to hold it in place, it will break. Alternatively, it can be an elastic locking mechanism; when the elastic force is insufficient to hold the cover 102, the locking mechanism retracts, and the cover 102 disengages.

[0052] Dynamic sealing can be achieved on parts with relative movement. For example, sealing rings are installed on both the inner and outer walls of the isolation ring 107, a sealing ring is installed on the inner wall of the push sleeve, and a sealing ring is installed on the outer wall of the cover 102 at the position where it contacts the push sleeve 103. Sealing rings can also be installed at fixed locations where sealing is required, such as between the center tube 101 and the cover 102.

[0053] For example, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the sealing element 110 can use a rubber sealing ring for wellbore sealing, suitable for downhole pressure differential conditions. For example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the sealing element 110 can also use a metal sealing ring 110a with an open ring 110b fixed to the right end for wellbore sealing, suitable for downhole pressure differential conditions. Both types of tags are secured with locking blocks, and the two types of tags can be selected according to different working conditions. The tag key return channel can be set according to working condition requirements.

[0054] Among them, the open ring 110b is a ring structure, and the ring structure is provided with one or more of the following: "V" shaped opening, parallel opening and sawtooth opening, and the opening direction is to the left.

[0055] Preferably, the tag key has a variety of outer diameter specifications, and the diameter of the tag key is much smaller than the inner diameter of the wellbore. This can greatly reduce the risk that the tag key cannot be pumped in place and cannot open the sliding sleeve due to wellbore deformation or wellbore debris accumulation. It can ensure that the construction can still proceed smoothly even if the casing is deformed or broken, resulting in the inner diameter of the casing being smaller than the normal size.

[0056] A fracturing sleeve, as shown in Figure 9, includes a sleeve body, which includes a sleeve housing 201, an electrical cavity housing 203, and a lower connector 206. The sleeve housing 201 is provided with circumferentially distributed flow channels 201a. The left side of the outer wall of the sleeve housing 201 is threadedly connected to the right side of the inner wall of the electrical cavity housing 202. A sealed cavity for the electrical cavity is formed between the sleeve housing 201 and the electrical cavity housing 202. A battery 201b is disposed in the sealed cavity, and a detection and control module 201c, a sensor 201d, a signal module 201e, and a storage module 201f are powered by the battery 201b. The detection and control module 201c is used to control the sensor 201d, the signal module 201e, and the storage module 201f.

[0057] The inner end face of the cavity housing 202 is provided with a sensor mounting threaded hole for the sensor 201d to be threadedly connected. The cavity housing 202 is provided with a liquid passage so that the liquid in the wellbore can come into contact with the sensor 201d.

[0058] The inner left side of the cavity housing 202 has a conduit mounting hole. The conduit 202a is inserted into the conduit mounting hole, which is connected to the cavity sealing cavity. A plug 202b is inserted into the conduit 202a and the two are threaded together. Sealing rings are used at the mating positions of the plug 202b and the conduit 202a, and at the mating positions of the conduit 202a and the cavity housing 202 to ensure the sealing of the cavity. The storage module 201f is placed in the sealing cavity within the plug 202b and the conduit 202a.

[0059] To further explain, referring to Figure 10, the inner wall of the left side of the cavity housing 202 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the right side of the upper connector 203. A groove corresponding to the cable conduit mounting hole is formed between the cavity housing 202 and the upper connector 203. A top ring 202c and a spring 202d are arranged in the groove from right to left. The top ring 202c abuts against the left side of the storage module 201f, and the spring 202d is in a compressed state.

[0060] A capture port 202e is formed between the left end of the sliding sleeve housing 201 and the right end of the electrical cavity housing 203. A plug 202b is located at the capture port 202e.

[0061] To further explain, a sliding sleeve inner core 204 is slidably connected inside the sliding sleeve outer shell 201. A reduced-diameter section is provided on the inner wall of the left side of the sliding sleeve outer shell 201 to form a shoulder. When the left end of the sliding sleeve inner core 204 abuts against the shoulder, it blocks the flow channel opening 201a. A second locking device 205 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve outer shell 201, and the second locking device 205 is locked into a hole in the outer wall of the sliding sleeve inner core 204. The right side of the inner wall of the sliding sleeve outer shell 201 is threadedly connected to the left side of the outer wall of the lower connector 206. When the sliding sleeve inner core 204 moves to the right and abuts against the lower connector 206, the flow channel opening 201a opens.

[0062] Preferably, a locking spring ring 204a is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner core 204 of the sliding sleeve. The locking spring ring 204a is convex and has a groove on the side near the axis. The inner wall of the outer shell 201 of the sliding sleeve is provided with two annular grooves, one on the left and one on the right. When the inner core 204 of the sliding sleeve is in the initial position and blocks the flow channel 201a, the locking spring ring 204a is locked in the annular groove on the left. When the inner core 204 of the sliding sleeve moves to the right, the locking spring ring 204a deforms and is recessed in the direction of the axis until the inner core 204 of the sliding sleeve abuts against the lower connector 206, and the locking spring ring 204a is locked in the annular groove on the right.

[0063] Preferably, the label key is made of a fully soluble material that dissolves within a certain period of time after application.

[0064] During operation, as shown in Figures 13 to 15, when the tag key passes through the fracturing sleeve, the control module 105a identifies the signal module 201e. When the target sleeve is identified, the control module 105a controls the execution module 105b to operate. The pressure-permeable hole 101a, which was originally blocked by the execution module 105b, is no longer blocked after the execution module 105b operates. Therefore, the pressure inside the wellbore enters the right cavity through the pressure-permeable hole 101a. Since the left cavity is at standard atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the right cavity is greater than the pressure in the left cavity. The push sleeve 103 moves to the left, and the first locking device 104 is no longer locked. The push sleeve 103 pushes the seal 110 to the left. Under the action of the push sleeve 103 and the retaining ring 109, the seal 110 expands radially, allowing the seal 110 to seal the inner core 204 of the sleeve. The expander 106 also moves to the left. Under the action of the inclined surface of the tapered sleeve 108, the expander 106 expands radially along the inclined surface of the tapered sleeve, allowing the locking block 106b to engage with the inner core 204 of the sliding sleeve. This achieves the expansion, locking, and sealing of the tag key within the same fracturing sliding sleeve, reducing the distance the tag key travels within the wellbore after expansion and effectively reducing the risk of the tag key getting stuck during pumping.

[0065] The storage module 201f is designed to be retrieved. Referring to Figures 16 and 17, it uses a tag key to activate high-frequency data acquisition during the fracturing process. After construction, the storage module 201f is retrieved from the fracturing sleeve using a retrieval tool 3, carried by a cable-laying pipe, conventional tubing, or continuous tubing with an internal cable, for data playback on the ground. The retrieval tool 3 is equipped with a robotic arm 3a, which extends to grasp the plug 202b and the storage module 201f fixed to it.

[0066] The fracturing parameters of the fracturing section are monitored via a tag key, and the parameters are not limited to pressure and temperature. After fracturing of this section is completed, a coiled tubing carrying a dedicated retrieval tool 3 is lowered into the wellbore. When the retrieval tool 3 is read as the target section, the retrieval tool's hook manipulator 3a, or claw, extends and grasps the plug 202b and the storage module 201f fixed to the plug 202b. At this time, the coiled tubing top ring 202c is lifted and retracted, and the spring 202d is further compressed, causing the plug 202b and the storage module 201f located therein to detach from their installation position. The retrieval tool manipulator 3a can then retract the plug 202b and the storage module 201f. The top ring 202c resets under the action of the spring 202d.

[0067] The fracturing parameters of the fractured section can also be monitored using a tag key, and the parameters are not limited to pressure and temperature. After fracturing of this section is completed, a cable-stayed retrieval tool 3 carrying wireless communication is lowered into the wellbore. When the retrieval tool 3 reaches the target section, it can read the signal transmitted by the signal module 201e in the sliding sleeve, analyze the parameters, and transmit the parameters of the fracturing section to the surface fracturing command vehicle in real time via a pre-installed cable inside the cable-stayed pipe for section fracturing parameter analysis. After the data is read, the cable-stayed pipe carrying the retrieval tool 3 is brought out of the well, completing the data readback. If the battery is depleted, power can be supplied wirelessly and via communication to retrieve the data.

[0068] Well fracturing operation techniques:

[0069] The fracturing sleeve is connected to the casing thread via the internal threads of the upper connector 202 and the lower connector 206 and is lowered into the ground along with the casing. During fracturing operations, a tag key is inserted from the wellhead. During the pumping process, a pressure sensor on the surface monitors the pumping pressure in real time to determine the number of fracturing sleeves the tag key passes through. Simultaneously, the tag key's built-in control module 105a automatically identifies the wellbore sleeves. Once a target fracturing sleeve is detected, the tag key locks and seals itself within the sleeve's inner core 204. After locking, the pump truck continues to pressurize and open the fracturing sleeve for fracturing operations. After fracturing operations in this section are completed, fracturing data can be acquired via wireless communication or by retrieving the storage module, as described above. Subsequent operations follow a bottom-up sequence, inserting tag keys sequentially for fracturing operations and data acquisition until the entire well fracturing operation is completed. After fracturing operations are completed and during later production phases, production process data can also be retrieved online or by retrieving the storage chip.

[0070] For example, as shown in Figure 22, when the fracturing sleeve needs to be closed, the coiled tubing with a tagged key is lowered into the wellbore. After the seal 110 locks the inner core 204 of the sleeve, the coiled tubing with the tagged key is dragged to the left. The seal 110 drives the inner core 204 of the sleeve to close the flow channel 201a. After the flow channel 201a is closed, the locking spring ring 204a is re-embedded in the annular groove on the left side of the inner wall of the sleeve outer shell 201, thus realizing the re-closure of the fracturing sleeve.

[0071] The process for monitoring the number of tag keys passing through the sliding sleeve on the ground involves the following steps: The centralizing spring 112 is initially in the fracturing casing during pumping. However, it may get stuck at the narrowing point when passing through the inner core 204 of the sliding sleeve. To allow the centralizing spring 112 to radially contract, the pump truck pressure needs to be increased. The centralizing spring 112 can then radially contract through the inner core 204 of the sliding sleeve under the action of the right-end conical surface and the narrowing of the inner core 204. This increased pressure is monitored by a high-frequency pressure sensor integrated into the ground inlet or pressure manifold. Ground technicians can then determine whether the tag key has passed through the fracturing sliding sleeve, thus achieving tag key positioning detection during the pumping process.

Claims

1. A tag key, comprising a central tube (101) having a pressure-through hole (101a) thereon, characterized in that, A cap (102) is fixedly connected to the right end of the central tube (101). A push sleeve (103) is fitted and slidably connected to the central tube (101). A first locking device (104) is locked onto the push sleeve (103) and the cap (102). A push sleeve protrusion is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the push sleeve (103). A right-side cavity is formed between the central tube (101), the cap (102), the push sleeve (103), and the push sleeve protrusion. An execution module (105b) is installed in the right-side cavity. The execution module (105b) can block and open the pressure-through hole (101a). An expansion member (106) is fitted and slidably connected to the central tube (101). The push sleeve (102) is fixedly connected to the right end of the central tube (101). 3) The left end expansion member (106) is fixedly connected, and the left cavity is formed between the central tube (101), the push sleeve (103), the push sleeve protrusion and the expansion member (106). An isolation ring (107) is fixedly connected to the central tube (101). The isolation ring (107) is located in the left cavity. The right part of the cone sleeve (108) is fixedly connected to the central tube (101). A retaining ring (109) is fitted and fixedly connected to the expansion member (106). A sealing element installation groove is formed between the retaining ring (109) and the expansion member (106). A sealing element (110) located in the sealing element installation groove is fitted on the expansion member (106). A diameter reduction section is provided on the right side of the inner wall of the cover (102).

2. According to claim 1, the outer wall of the cone sleeve (108) has a cone sleeve inclined surface with a gradually increasing diameter from right to left. Multiple circumferentially distributed forked parts (106a) are fixedly connected to the expansion member (106). The inner wall surface of the forked part (106a) is in surface contact with the cone sleeve inclined surface. A circumferentially distributed tooth (108a) is integrally formed on the outer wall of the right side of the cone sleeve (108). A tooth mounting groove is formed between any two adjacent forked parts (106a). The number of tooth mounting grooves is the same as the number of teeth (108a), so that a tooth (108a) is inserted into each tooth mounting groove. The tooth mounting groove restricts the degree of freedom of the tooth (108a) in the circumferential direction.

3. According to claim 1, each tooth (108a) is provided with a threaded hole, and the retaining ring (109) is provided with a through hole communicating with the threaded hole. The retaining ring (109) is fixed on the tooth (108a) by first passing a bolt through the through hole and then screwing it into the threaded hole.

4. According to claim 1, the central tube (101) and the cap (102) form a central channel, and the fracturing ball (111) can pass through the central tube (101). The fracturing ball (111) can be stuck at the entrance of the narrowed section of the cap (102) to block the central channel.

5. According to claim 1, the right side of the cover (102) is fixed with a straightening spring (112), the straightening spring (112) has a circumferentially distributed and radially outwardly expanding rib structure, and a slit is formed between any two adjacent ribs.

6. The tag key according to claim 1, wherein the sealing element (110) is a rubber sealing ring, or the sealing element (110) includes a metal sealing ring (110a) and an open ring (110b) fixed to the left end of the metal sealing ring (110a).

7. A fracturing sleeve, comprising a sleeve body, a flow channel (201a) and a signal module (201e) provided on the sleeve body, a sleeve inner core (204) provided inside the sleeve body, and the sleeve body and the sleeve inner core (204) being locked together by a second locking device (205); When used in conjunction with the tag key according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the tag key further includes a control module (105a) that identifies the signal module (201e) when the tag key passes through the fracturing sleeve. When the target sleeve is identified, the control module (105a) can control the execution module (105b) to open the pressure-permeable hole (101a). When the push sleeve (103) pushes the rubber sealing ring to the left, it expands radially under the action of the push sleeve (103) and the retaining ring (109), so that the rubber sealing ring can seal the inner core (204) of the sliding sleeve. When the push sleeve (103) pushes the metal sealing ring (110a) to the left, the metal sealing ring (110a) moves along the conical surface of the expansion member (106). Under the action of the push sleeve (103) and the conical surface, the metal sealing ring (110a) expands radially, so that the metal sealing ring (110a) can seal the inner core (204) of the sliding sleeve.

8. The fracturing sleeve according to claim 7, wherein the sleeve body is provided with an electrical cavity sealing cavity, and a signal module (201e) and a storage module (201f) are provided in the electrical cavity sealing cavity. The sleeve body is provided with a conduit mounting hole and a capture port (202e) located on the left side of the electrical cavity sealing cavity. The capture port (202e) is located on the left side of the conduit mounting hole. The electrical cavity sealing cavity, the conduit mounting hole and the capture port (202e) are connected. A plug (202b) is installed in the conduit mounting hole to close the conduit mounting hole.

9. A process method for monitoring the number of tag keys passing through the sliding sleeve on the ground, using the tag key as described in claim 1, wherein a straightening spring (112) is fixedly connected to the right side of the cover (102), and the straightening spring (112) has a circumferentially distributed and radially outwardly expanding rib structure. When the straightening spring (112) passes through the inner core of the sliding sleeve (204), it will be locked at the reduced diameter of the inner core of the sliding sleeve (204). The right end of the straightening spring (112) has a conical surface, so that when the pump truck pressure is increased, it will be subjected to a radial component force in the direction of the axis applied by the inner core of the sliding sleeve (204), and will be radially contracted to pass through the inner core of the sliding sleeve (204). The increased pressure value will be monitored by the pressure sensor integrated on the ground inlet or pressure manifold.

10. A method for monitoring fracturing parameters, using the fracturing sliding sleeve as described in claim 7. A dedicated retrieval tool (3) is placed into the wellbore using coiled tubing. When the retrieval tool (3) is read to the target section, the manipulator (3a) of the retrieval tool retrieves the plug (202b) and the storage module (201f) fixed on the plug (202b). At this time, the top ring (202c) of the coiled tubing is lifted and retracted, and the spring (202d) is further compressed. The plug (202b) and the storage module (201f) installed therein are removed from the installation position. At this time, the manipulator (3a) of the retrieval tool can retract with the plug (202b) and the storage module (201f) installed therein. The top ring (202c) is reset under the action of the spring (202d).

11. The method for monitoring fracturing parameters according to claim 10, characterized in that: The retrieval tool (3) carrying wireless communication reading is lowered into the wellbore using a combination of cable-laying pipe, conventional tubing, or coiled tubing with an internal cable. When the retrieval tool (3) reaches the target section, it can read the signal transmitted by the signal module (201e), analyze the parameters, and transmit the parameters of the fracturing section to the surface in real time through the cable pre-installed in the cable-laying pipe for section fracturing parameter analysis. After the data reading is completed, the cable-laying pipe carries the retrieval tool (3) out of the well, completing the data readback.

12. A method for closing a fracturing sleeve, characterized in that: Using the fracturing sleeve as described in claim 7, the coiled tubing with a tagged key is lowered into the wellbore. A locking spring ring (204a) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner core (204) of the sliding sleeve. The inner wall of the outer shell (201) of the sliding sleeve has two annular grooves, one on the left and one on the right. When the inner core (204) of the sliding sleeve is in the initial position and blocks the flow channel opening (201a), the locking spring ring (204a) is locked in the annular groove on the left. When the inner core (204) of the sliding sleeve moves to the right, the locking spring ring (204a) deforms and is recessed in the direction of the axis until the inner core (204) of the sliding sleeve abuts against the lower connector (206) and the locking spring ring (204a) is locked in the annular groove on the right. After the seal (110) locks the inner core (204) of the sleeve, the continuous tubing with the tag key is dragged to the left. The seal (110) drives the inner core (204) of the sleeve to close the flow channel (201a). After the flow channel (201a) is closed, the locking spring ring (204a) is re-embedded in the annular groove on the left side of the inner wall of the sleeve housing (201), realizing the re-closure of the fracturing sleeve.

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