Thermal management method for energy storage system, and energy storage system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage management, and discloses a thermal management method for an energy storage system, and an energy storage system. The thermal management method for an energy storage system comprises: acquiring battery cell temperature data and working state data of each battery cluster; and on the basis of the battery cell temperature data and / or the working state data, adjusting a flow direction of a refrigerant by means of a reversing device. The flow direction of the refrigerant flowing through each battery cluster can be managed by means of the reversing device, and on the basis of the battery cell temperature data and / or the working state data of each battery cluster, differences between the battery clusters can be determined. Thus, a battery cluster different from the other battery clusters is processed on the basis of the reversing device, thereby changing the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing through the battery cluster, reducing temperature differences between the battery clusters and thermal management power consumption, and improving thermal management performance.

Description

Thermal management methods for energy storage systems and energy storage systems

[0001] Priority information

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202510058569.1, filed on January 14, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of energy storage management technology, and in particular to thermal management methods and energy storage systems for energy storage systems. Background Technology

[0004] Battery Management System (BMS) is a crucial component of energy storage thermal management. It improves sampling accuracy through distributed measurement, monitoring physical quantities such as voltage and temperature to provide precise data for subsequent operations. BMS also employs a continuous dynamic balancing method to improve balancing efficiency, shorten balancing time, and reduce energy loss.

[0005] Current energy storage thermal management methods mainly rely on controllers to determine the operating mode of the energy storage system and control the corresponding pathways of the shunt device. However, current thermal management methods do not take into account the differences between individual battery clusters, resulting in poor thermal management performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of this application is to provide a thermal management method and energy storage system for an energy storage system, aiming to solve the technical problem of poor thermal management performance.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a thermal management method for an energy storage system, the thermal management method for the energy storage system comprising:

[0008] Acquire cell temperature data and operating status data for each battery cluster;

[0009] The refrigerant flow direction is adjusted via a commutation device based on cell temperature data and / or operating status data.

[0010] In this solution, the refrigerant flow direction is managed by the commutation device, and the differences between each battery cluster are determined based on the cell temperature data and / or operating status data of each battery cluster. Thus, the target battery cluster that is different from other battery clusters is processed according to the commutation device. The cooling strategy can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation, the refrigerant flow direction can be changed, the temperature difference between battery clusters and the thermal management power consumption can be reduced, and the thermal management effect can be improved.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction via a commutation device based on cell temperature data and / or operating status data includes:

[0012] The target battery cluster is determined based on cell temperature data and / or operating status data;

[0013] The refrigerant flow direction is adjusted by a commutation device based on the target battery cluster.

[0014] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the target battery cluster is quickly determined by the cell temperature data and / or working status data, and the effect is applied only to the specific battery cluster that needs to be adjusted, thereby rationally allocating refrigerant resources and avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0015] In some embodiments, the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction based on the target battery cluster via a commutation device includes:

[0016] Identify the target reversing device at the water inlet of the target battery cluster;

[0017] The control target reversing device disconnects the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, and controls the connection between the target reversing device and the reversing device installed on the outlet of the battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the inlet of other battery clusters to the outlet, and then flows to the inlet of the target battery cluster and the cooling device through the reversing device on the outlet of the battery cluster respectively. Other battery clusters are the battery clusters other than the target battery cluster.

[0018] The technical solution of this application describes in detail how to change the refrigerant flow path by controlling a specific reversing device. Once the target battery cluster is determined, its direct path to the cooling device can be quickly cut off, allowing other battery clusters to cool first, and then the cooled refrigerant is returned to the target battery cluster. This cyclical design ensures that all battery clusters receive appropriate cooling while avoiding unnecessary over-cooling of battery clusters that have already reached the ideal temperature, thus improving overall cooling efficiency.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0020] Obtain the lowest target cell temperature of the target battery cluster in each battery cluster and the other target cell temperatures of other battery clusters;

[0021] Calculate the cell temperature difference based on the target cell temperature and the temperatures of other target cells;

[0022] When the temperature difference between the cells is less than the first preset temperature threshold, the target switching device is controlled to restore the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, and the target switching device is controlled to disconnect the connection between the target switching device and the switching device installed at the outlet of the battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the inlet of each battery cluster to the outlet, and flows back to the cooling device through the switching device at the outlet of the battery cluster.

[0023] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the temperature difference of the battery cell is less than a preset threshold, the normal cooling mode is restored to ensure that the system will not frequently switch cooling paths due to small temperature differences, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the system.

[0024] In some embodiments, the step of determining the target battery cluster based on cell temperature data and / or operating status data includes:

[0025] The target cell temperature for each battery cluster is obtained based on the cell temperature data.

[0026] The target cell temperatures are compared to obtain the comparison results;

[0027] The target battery cluster was determined based on the comparison results.

[0028] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a target battery cluster selection standard based on cell temperature data is introduced. That is, the target battery cluster that needs special treatment is determined by comparing the target cell temperature of each battery cluster. The target cell temperature of each battery cluster is determined by the cell temperature data, so that the target battery cluster can be quickly determined from each battery cluster based on the target cell temperature, which facilitates the subsequent adjustment of the refrigerant flow direction according to the target battery cluster.

[0029] In some embodiments, the step of determining the target battery cluster based on the comparison results includes:

[0030] The battery cluster corresponding to the lowest target cell temperature in the comparison results is taken as the target battery cluster.

[0031] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the battery cluster corresponding to the lowest target cell temperature is explicitly taken as the target battery cluster, which ensures that priority is given to those battery clusters that may overheat or have poor heat dissipation, which helps to prevent potential failures and ensures the safe operation of the entire battery pack.

[0032] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0033] Obtain the lowest target cell temperature of the target battery cluster in each battery cluster and the other target cell temperatures of other battery clusters;

[0034] The cell temperature difference is calculated by using the lowest target cell temperature and other target cell temperatures.

[0035] If the temperature difference between the battery cells is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction through the reversing device based on the battery cell temperature data and / or operating status data is performed, wherein the first preset temperature threshold is greater than the second preset temperature threshold.

[0036] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by setting a response mechanism under different temperature difference conditions, the refrigerant flow direction is adjusted only when the cell temperature difference reaches a critical threshold, so as to ensure that the cooling strategy can be adjusted in time under extreme conditions and protect the battery from high temperature damage.

[0037] In some embodiments, the step of determining the target battery cluster based on cell temperature data and / or operating status data includes:

[0038] The operating status of each battery cluster is obtained based on the operating status data;

[0039] If a battery cluster is in a preset working state, the battery cluster in the preset state will be used as the target battery cluster.

[0040] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the working state of the battery clusters is taken into consideration, especially the battery clusters are given priority in the preset state, so as to allocate cooling resources more reasonably without affecting normal operation, and further improve the efficiency and safety of the system.

[0041] In some embodiments, the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction based on the target battery cluster via a commutation device includes:

[0042] Identify the target reversing device at the water inlet of the target battery cluster;

[0043] The control target reversing device disconnects the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows to the outlet through the inlet of the other battery cluster, and flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device on the outlet.

[0044] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, for battery clusters in a preset state, the cooling connection is directly disconnected, which simplifies the operation process, reduces unnecessary energy consumption, and ensures that resources can be concentrated where they are needed more when no additional cooling is required.

[0045] In some embodiments, the preset state includes a non-high voltage state;

[0046] When a battery cluster is currently in a preset operating state, the steps for selecting the battery cluster in the preset state as the target battery cluster include:

[0047] If a battery cluster is currently in a non-high voltage state, the battery cluster in the non-high voltage state will be used as the target battery cluster.

[0048] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, temperature management during non-high-voltage operation can help to make the temperature of different battery clusters more consistent. When all battery clusters simultaneously enter the high-voltage state, the performance differences between them are small, which is beneficial to the consistency and stability of the entire battery pack.

[0049] In some embodiments, the preset state includes a fault state;

[0050] When a battery cluster is currently in a preset operating state, the steps for selecting the battery cluster in the preset state as the target battery cluster include:

[0051] If a battery cluster is currently in a faulty state, the faulty battery cluster will be used as the target battery cluster.

[0052] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the battery cluster fails, there is no need to manage the temperature of the failed battery cluster, thus improving the flexibility of cooling.

[0053] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0054] When the working state of the target battery cluster changes from the preset state to the target state and the working state of other battery clusters is the target state, the control of the target reversing device connects the cooling device to the water inlet of the target battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the water inlet of each battery cluster to the water outlet, and flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device on the water outlet.

[0055] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the target battery cluster changes from a preset state to a target state, its normal cooling connection is immediately restored. This rapid response capability ensures that each battery cluster can receive sufficient cooling support during its critical operating phase, preventing temperature surges caused by sudden voltage increases.

[0056] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0057] When the target battery cluster and other battery clusters are both in the target state, the refrigerant flow direction is adjusted by a commutation device based on cell temperature data and / or operating state data.

[0058] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, only some battery clusters are in the preset state and other battery clusters are in the target state. At this time, performing specific refrigerant flow direction adjustment can ensure that these battery clusters obtain the necessary cooling support without affecting other working battery clusters, which reflects the system's refined management and efficient resource allocation for different working states.

[0059] Secondly, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes an energy storage system, which includes a control device, a cooling device, and multiple commutation devices. A commutation device is provided on the connection path between the cooling device and the water inlet of each battery cluster, and a commutation device is provided on the connection path between the water outlet of the battery cluster and the cooling device.

[0060] In some embodiments, the control device is used to drive the cooling device to provide refrigerant to the corresponding battery cluster, thereby cooling the battery cluster;

[0061] The control device is also used to adjust the refrigerant flow direction through a commutation device based on the cell temperature data and / or operating status data of the battery cluster.

[0062] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0064] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the thermal management method for an energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0065] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the thermal management method for an energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0067] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the thermal management method for an energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0068] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure for adjusting the refrigerant flow direction in an embodiment of the thermal management method for the energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0069] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the thermal management method for an energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0070] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure for restoring the refrigerant flow direction in an embodiment of the thermal management method for the energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0071] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the thermal management method for an energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0072] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the thermal management method for an energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0073] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure for adjusting the refrigerant flow direction in one embodiment of the thermal management method for the energy storage system proposed in this application.

[0074] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0075] Cooling device 10, reversing device H (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5).

[0076] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0077] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0079] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0080] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0081] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0082] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0083] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0084] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0085] Battery Management System (BMS) is a crucial component of energy storage thermal management. It improves sampling accuracy through distributed measurement, monitoring physical quantities such as voltage and temperature to provide precise data for subsequent operations. BMS also employs a continuous dynamic balancing method to improve balancing efficiency, shorten balancing time, and reduce energy loss. In traditional battery thermal management technologies, when the battery storage system temperature is too high, cooling is released to the system via a refrigerant loop to lower it; conversely, when the battery storage system temperature is too low and affects battery performance, heating elements installed within the system are used to heat and raise its temperature.

[0086] Current energy storage thermal management methods mainly involve setting up controllers, batteries, power electronic devices, and shunt devices within the energy storage system. The controller determines the operating mode of the energy storage management system, and different heat exchange methods are selected for different operating modes to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the batteries and electronic power equipment.

[0087] Current energy storage thermal management methods do not take into account the impact of temperature differences between individual battery clusters, which makes it impossible to reduce or eliminate temperature differences between battery clusters. They also do not take into account the differences in operating modes between battery clusters, which is not conducive to temperature control and reducing thermal management energy consumption, resulting in poor thermal management performance.

[0088] Therefore, in the face of the problem of poor thermal management of energy storage, the inventive concept of this application is as follows:

[0089] By setting up multiple commutation devices in the energy storage system, the flow direction of the refrigerant provided by the cooling device can be managed according to the multiple commutation devices. Based on the temperature differences of each cell in the battery cluster and the differences in the operating mode of the battery cluster, the specific control process is determined, thereby continuously adjusting the refrigerant flow direction, optimizing the heat transfer path, reducing thermal management energy consumption, reducing the temperature difference between battery clusters, and reducing the current unevenness between battery clusters.

[0090] In practical applications, the embodiments described in this application are applied to scenarios of energy storage thermal management, such as scenarios of battery status detection, battery energy balancing, battery working status detection, safety protection, or battery balancing. They can also be applied to other scenarios of battery energy storage management, and this embodiment does not limit them.

[0091] This application addresses the technical problem of poor thermal management performance by proposing a thermal management method for energy storage systems. Referring to Figure 1, in this example, the thermal management method for the energy storage system includes:

[0092] Step S10: Obtain cell temperature data and operating status data for each battery cluster.

[0093] It should be noted that the thermal management method of the energy storage system in this embodiment is applied to the energy storage system, as shown in Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage system in this embodiment. The energy storage system includes a control device (not shown in the figure), a cooling device 10, and a commutation device H. A commutation device H is provided on the connection path between the cooling device 10 and the water inlet of each battery cluster, and a commutation device H is provided on the connection path between the water outlet of the battery cluster and the cooling device 10. The cooling device 10 can be a device containing coolant, a cooling tower, or other devices capable of cooling. This embodiment does not limit this; the device containing coolant can be a liquid-cooled plate or other similar device.

[0094] The control device can be a BMS system, which controls the cooling device 10, the commutation device H and each battery cluster to achieve thermal management.

[0095] The cooling device 10 is used to output refrigerant. A reversing device H is provided at both the cooling device 10 and the inlet of each battery cluster, and another reversing device H is provided between the outlet of each battery cluster and the cooling device 10 (on the coolant circuit). For example, there are four battery clusters, each containing several cells, with the same number of cells in each cluster, such as 10 or 20 cells. This embodiment does not impose any limitations on this. The reversing devices H include H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5. Reversing device H1 is located on the coolant circuit, while reversing devices H2, H3, H4, and H5 are respectively located on the connection path between the inlet of battery cluster 1 and the cooling device 10, the connection path between the inlet of battery cluster 2 and the cooling device 10, the connection path between the inlet of battery cluster 3 and the cooling device 10, and the connection path between the inlet of battery cluster 4 and the cooling device 10.

[0096] The reversing device H can be a multi-way valve, such as a three-way valve or a four-way valve, or other devices that can change the connection path and the direction of refrigerant flow. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0097] When the cooling device cools the battery clusters, if the working status or cell temperature data of each battery cluster is the same, the cooling device is connected to the water inlet of each battery cluster through each commutation device H2-H5 to transfer the refrigerant to each battery cluster for cooling. Then, the refrigerant flows from the water outlet of each battery cluster to the commutation device H1 located at the water outlet, and flows back to the cooling device through the commutation device H1, thus completing the cooling process of the battery clusters.

[0098] It is understandable that the cell temperature data of each battery cluster is the temperature data of each cell in each battery cluster. The temperature of each cell in all battery clusters can be collected in real time through the BMS. Temperature sensors can also be set on each cell to detect the temperature of each cell in each battery cluster.

[0099] It should be noted that the working status data of the battery cluster includes the current working status of the battery cluster. For example, the current working status of the battery cluster may be a preset state or a target state. Due to their own differences or differences in working modes, the working status of each battery cluster may be the same or different at the same time. For example, at time t, the working status of battery cluster 1 is the preset state, the working status of battery cluster 2 is the target state, the working status of battery cluster 3 is the preset state, and the working status of battery cluster 4 is the target state.

[0100] Step S20: Adjust the refrigerant flow direction through the reversing device based on the cell temperature data and / or operating status data.

[0101] In practice, different thermal management control modes can be determined based on the cell temperature data in the battery cluster. First, the battery clusters whose cell temperatures differ from those of other battery clusters can be identified based on the cell temperature data, and then the flow direction of the refrigerant can be adjusted through the commutation device.

[0102] It should be understood that different thermal management control modes can be determined based on the operating status data of each battery cluster. For example, based on the operating status of each battery cluster, it can be determined which battery clusters have different operating statuses from other battery clusters, or which battery clusters have preset operating statuses. In this way, the flow direction of the refrigerant can be adjusted through the reversing device.

[0103] For example, controlling the corresponding commutation device can control the battery cluster cooling water inlet switch, thereby reducing thermal management power consumption.

[0104] In this solution, the refrigerant flow direction is managed by the commutation device, and the differences between each battery cluster are determined based on the cell temperature data and / or operating status data of each battery cluster. Thus, the target battery cluster that is different from other battery clusters is processed according to the commutation device. The cooling strategy can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation, the refrigerant flow direction can be changed, the temperature difference between battery clusters and the thermal management power consumption can be reduced, and the thermal management effect can be improved.

[0105] In some embodiments, target battery clusters with differences can be directly screened based on cell temperature data and / or operating status data in the battery cluster. Referring to Figure 3, step S20 may include:

[0106] Step S201: Determine the target battery cluster based on cell temperature data and / or operating status data.

[0107] The target battery cluster is a battery cluster whose cell temperature or operating state differs from other battery clusters. There can be one or more target battery clusters.

[0108] Step S202: Adjust the refrigerant flow direction through a commutation device based on the target battery cluster.

[0109] It should be noted that after the target battery cluster is determined, the commutation device can be controlled based on the target battery cluster, thereby changing the refrigerant flow direction through the commutation device, reducing thermal management power consumption or reducing the temperature difference between each battery cluster.

[0110] In practical implementation, for example, the commutation device corresponding to the target battery cluster can be controlled, thereby controlling the battery cluster cooling water inlet switch and reducing thermal management power consumption.

[0111] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the target battery cluster is quickly determined by the cell temperature data and / or working status data, and the effect is applied only to the specific battery cluster that needs to be adjusted, thereby rationally allocating refrigerant resources and avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0112] In one feasible implementation, if the target battery cluster is the battery cluster with the lowest target cell temperature among all battery clusters, then the battery cluster can be controlled to not use the coolant from the cooling device, but instead use the coolant flowing through other battery clusters. Referring to Figure 4, step S202 may include:

[0113] Step S2021: Determine the target reversing device at the water inlet of the target battery cluster;

[0114] It should be noted that the target reversing device is the reversing device installed on the inlet of the target battery cluster. Continuing as shown in Figure 2 above, for example, if the target battery cluster is battery cluster 1, then the target reversing device is reversing device H2.

[0115] Step S2022: Control the target reversing device to disconnect the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, and control the target reversing device to connect with the reversing device installed on the outlet of the battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the inlet of other battery clusters to the outlet, and then flows to the inlet of the target battery cluster and the cooling device through the reversing device on the outlet of the battery cluster respectively. Other battery clusters are the battery clusters other than the target battery cluster.

[0116] In specific implementation, as shown in Figure 5, the BMS first controls the commutation device H2 to disconnect the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster. At this time, the refrigerant provided by the cooling device flows into the inlets of battery clusters 2, 3 and 4 in sequence through commutation devices H3, H4 and H5. After the refrigerant flows through other battery clusters, it flows through the commutation device H1 set on the outlet of the battery cluster. At this time, the commutation device H1 is connected to the target commutation device H2, so that part of the refrigerant flowing through other battery clusters flows back to the cooling device, and part flows to battery cluster 1 through the target commutation device H2, thereby increasing the cell temperature in battery cluster 1 and reducing the temperature difference between battery cluster 1 and other battery clusters.

[0117] The technical solution of this application describes in detail how to change the refrigerant flow path by controlling a specific reversing device. Once the target battery cluster is determined, its direct path to the cooling device can be quickly cut off, allowing other battery clusters to cool first, and then the cooled refrigerant is returned to the target battery cluster. This cyclical design ensures that all battery clusters receive appropriate cooling while avoiding unnecessary over-cooling of battery clusters that have already reached the ideal temperature, thus improving overall cooling efficiency.

[0118] In some embodiments, to accurately determine the target battery cluster, a certain temperature threshold may be set, so that only when the minimum target cell temperature reaches this temperature threshold is it considered a target battery cluster. Therefore, after step S201, the thermal management method of the energy storage system further includes:

[0119] Step A11: Obtain the lowest target cell temperature of the target cell cluster in each battery cluster and the other target cell temperatures of other battery clusters.

[0120] It should be noted that other battery clusters refer to all battery clusters in each battery cluster except for the target battery cluster. For example, if the battery cluster includes battery clusters 1-10 and the target battery cluster is battery cluster 2, then the other battery clusters are battery cluster 1 and battery clusters 3-10.

[0121] The lowest target cell temperature is the lowest target cell temperature among all battery clusters. Other target cell temperatures are the target cell temperatures other than the target battery cluster. For example, if the battery cluster includes 1-4, the target cell temperatures include target cell temperature 1, target cell temperature 2, target cell temperature 3, and target cell temperature 4. Among them, target cell temperature 1 > target cell temperature 2 > target cell temperature 3 > target cell temperature 4. Therefore, the lowest target cell temperature is target cell temperature 4, and the other target cell temperatures are target cell temperature 1, target cell temperature 2, and target cell temperature 3.

[0122] If target cell temperature 1 > target cell temperature 2, target cell temperature 2 > target cell temperature 3, and target cell temperature 3 = target cell temperature 4, then the lowest target cell temperature is target cell temperature 3 and target cell temperature 4, and the other target cell temperatures are target cell temperature 1 and target cell temperature 2.

[0123] Step A12: Calculate the cell temperature difference using the lowest target cell temperature and other target cell temperatures.

[0124] In practice, the cell temperature difference between the lowest target cell temperature and other target cell temperatures can be calculated. Cell temperature difference = (other target cell temperatures) - (lowest target cell temperature). There can be multiple other target cell temperatures, so there can also be multiple calculated cell temperature differences.

[0125] Step A13: When the temperature difference between the cells is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, perform the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction based on the target battery cluster through the commutation device, wherein the first preset temperature threshold is greater than the second preset temperature threshold.

[0126] It should be noted that the second preset temperature threshold is the critical value for whether the refrigerant flow direction needs to be adjusted. For example, the second preset temperature threshold can be set to 1℃, 3℃, 5℃, etc. This embodiment does not limit this. In order to avoid the difference being too large or too small, a more suitable preset temperature threshold can be selected. This embodiment takes a second preset temperature threshold of 3℃ as an example for explanation.

[0127] It should be noted that if the temperature difference between the cells is greater than or equal to 3°C, it means that the temperature difference between the cells of the target battery cluster and the cells of other battery clusters is gradually increasing. It is necessary to reduce the temperature difference between the battery clusters. Therefore, the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction through the commutation device based on the target battery cluster can be performed to reduce thermal management power consumption and reduce the temperature difference between the battery clusters.

[0128] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by setting a response mechanism under different temperature difference conditions, the refrigerant flow direction is adjusted only when the cell temperature difference reaches a critical threshold, so as to ensure that the cooling strategy can be adjusted in time under extreme conditions and protect the battery from high temperature damage.

[0129] In some embodiments, target battery clusters with differences can be directly screened based on the cell temperature data in the battery cluster. Referring to Figure 6, step S201 may include:

[0130] Step S2011: Obtain the target cell temperature for each battery cluster based on the cell temperature data.

[0131] It should be noted that the target cell temperature can be the maximum or minimum cell temperature in each battery cluster, and the cell temperature data includes the temperature of all cells in each battery cluster.

[0132] For example, a battery cluster includes battery cluster 1 and battery cluster 2. The target cell temperature is the minimum temperature of the cell. Battery cluster 1 includes cells c1, c2, c3, and c4. The temperature of cell c1 is T1, the temperature of cell c2 is T2, the temperature of cell c3 is T3, and the temperature of cell c4 is T4. Where T1 > T2 > T3 > T4, the target cell temperature is T4. Battery cluster 2 includes cells d1, d2, d3, and d4. The temperature of cell d1 is T5, the temperature of cell d2 is T6, the temperature of cell d3 is T7, and the temperature of cell d4 is T8. Where T6 > T7 > T8 > T5, the target cell temperature is T5.

[0133] If the target cell temperature is the maximum cell temperature, then the target cell temperatures are T1 and T6.

[0134] In practice, the target cell temperature for each battery cluster can be obtained by comparing the temperatures of individual cells within each battery cluster.

[0135] Step S2012: Compare the target cell temperatures to obtain the comparison results.

[0136] It should be noted that the target cell temperatures of each battery cluster can be compared to obtain the comparison results of the target cell temperatures of each battery cluster. The comparison results can be the magnitude relationship between the target cell temperatures of each battery cluster. For example, the target cell temperature in battery cluster 1 is greater than the target cell temperature in battery cluster 2, or the target cell temperature in battery cluster 1 is less than the target cell temperature in battery cluster 2. Alternatively, the target cell temperature in battery cluster 1 can be equal to the target cell temperature in battery cluster 2.

[0137] Step S2013: Determine the target battery cluster based on the comparison results.

[0138] In specific implementation, the target battery cluster can be determined based on the comparison results. For example, if the comparison results of the target cell temperatures in battery clusters 1-3 are target cell temperature 1 > target cell temperature 3 > target cell temperature 2, then the target battery cluster is the battery cluster corresponding to target cell temperature 1, i.e., battery cluster 1, or the target battery cluster is the battery cluster corresponding to target battery cluster 2, i.e., battery cluster 2.

[0139] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a target battery cluster selection standard based on cell temperature data is introduced. That is, the target battery cluster that needs special treatment is determined by comparing the target cell temperature of each battery cluster. The target cell temperature of each battery cluster is determined by the cell temperature data, so that the target battery cluster can be quickly determined from each battery cluster based on the target cell temperature, which facilitates the subsequent adjustment of the refrigerant flow direction according to the target battery cluster.

[0140] In one feasible implementation, if the lowest cell temperature in a certain battery cluster is lower than the lowest cell temperature in other battery clusters, in order to reduce the temperature difference between battery clusters, it is necessary to control this battery cluster not to be cooled or to directly use the refrigerant flowing out without the cooling device. Therefore, the target battery cluster can be the battery cluster corresponding to the lowest cell temperature among the target cell temperatures. Step S2013 may include: taking the battery cluster corresponding to the lowest target cell temperature in the comparison results as the target battery cluster.

[0141] It should be noted that the battery cluster corresponding to the lowest target cell temperature in the comparison results can be taken as the target battery cluster. For example, if the target cell temperature includes target cell temperature 1, target cell temperature 2 and target cell temperature 3 corresponding to battery clusters 1-3, and the comparison result is target cell temperature 1>target cell temperature 2>target cell temperature 3, then the lowest target cell temperature is target cell temperature 3, the corresponding battery cluster is battery cluster 3, and the target battery cluster is battery cluster 3.

[0142] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the battery cluster corresponding to the lowest target cell temperature is explicitly taken as the target battery cluster, which ensures that priority is given to those battery clusters that may overheat or have poor heat dissipation, which helps to prevent potential failures and ensures the safe operation of the entire battery pack.

[0143] In some embodiments, after adjusting the refrigerant flow direction, the temperature of the target battery cluster rises and the temperature difference between the battery clusters decreases, allowing the previous connection method to be restored. Therefore, after step S2022, the thermal management method of the energy storage system further includes:

[0144] Step B11: Obtain the lowest target cell temperature of the target cell cluster in each battery cluster and the other target cell temperatures of other battery clusters.

[0145] Step B12: Calculate the cell temperature difference based on the target cell temperature and other target cell temperatures.

[0146] It should be noted that after adjusting the refrigerant flow direction, the BMS obtains the latest minimum target cell temperature of the target battery cluster and the other target cell temperatures of other battery clusters in real time, and recalculates the cell temperature difference.

[0147] Step B13: When the temperature difference between the cells is less than the first preset temperature threshold, control the target switching device to restore the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, and control the target switching device to disconnect the connection between the switching device installed on the outlet of the battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the inlet of each battery cluster to the outlet, and flows back to the cooling device through the switching device on the outlet of the battery cluster.

[0148] The first preset temperature threshold is the critical value for determining whether the normal refrigerant flow needs to be restored. For example, the first preset temperature threshold can be set to 0.5℃, 1℃, 2℃, etc., and this embodiment does not limit this. For example, if the first preset temperature threshold is 1℃, when the cell temperature difference is less than 1℃, it means that the difference between the cell temperature of the target battery cluster and the cell temperature of other battery clusters has been reduced to meet the requirements. Then the connection path in the normal cooling mode can be restored, that is, the target switching device is normally connected to the cooling device, and the switching device on the outlet of the battery cluster is only connected to the cooling device. As shown in Figure 7, at this time, the switching device H2 is restored to the connection with the cooling device. At this time, the refrigerant provided by the cooling device can flow normally into the target battery cluster (battery cluster 1) through the switching device H2, thereby cooling battery cluster 1. After the refrigerant flows into each battery cluster to cool down, it flows back to the cooling device through the switching device H1.

[0149] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the temperature difference of the battery cell is less than a preset threshold, the normal cooling mode is restored to ensure that the system will not frequently switch cooling paths due to small temperature differences, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the system.

[0150] In some embodiments, target battery clusters with differences can be directly screened based on their operating states. Referring to Figure 8, step S201 may include:

[0151] Step S2011': Obtain the working status of each battery cluster based on the working status data.

[0152] It should be noted that the working status data includes the current working status of each battery cluster, so the working status of each battery cluster can be obtained from the working status data.

[0153] Step S2012': If the working state of a battery cluster is a preset state, the battery cluster that is not in a high-voltage state is selected as the target battery cluster.

[0154] It should be noted that the preset state can be a non-high voltage state or a fault state. If there is a battery cluster in the preset state, it means that the battery cluster may not be charging or discharging or may be faulty. At this time, the battery generates less heat and does not need additional cooling to reduce the temperature. In this case, the battery cluster in the preset state is a battery cluster with differences. The battery cluster in the preset state is used as the target battery cluster to facilitate the subsequent control of the refrigerant flow.

[0155] For example, if a battery cluster includes battery clusters 1-4, and the working state of battery clusters 1 and 2 is a preset state, then both battery clusters 1 and 2 are target battery clusters.

[0156] If the battery cluster includes battery clusters 1-4, and the working state of battery cluster 2 is the preset state, then battery cluster 2 is the target battery cluster.

[0157] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the working state of the battery clusters is taken into consideration, especially the battery clusters are given priority in the preset state, so as to allocate cooling resources more reasonably without affecting normal operation, and further improve the efficiency and safety of the system.

[0158] In one feasible implementation, if the preset state includes a non-high voltage state, then step S2012' may include: if there is a battery cluster whose current operating state is a non-high voltage state, then the battery cluster in the non-high voltage state is taken as the target battery cluster.

[0159] It should be noted that if the current operating state of the battery cluster is not under high voltage, the circuit of the battery cluster is not "activated" or "enabled", so there is no need for cooling. In this case, the battery cluster in this state can be used as the target battery cluster.

[0160] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, temperature management during non-high-voltage operation can help to make the temperature of different battery clusters more consistent. When all battery clusters simultaneously enter the high-voltage state, the performance differences between them are small, which is beneficial to the consistency and stability of the entire battery pack.

[0161] In one feasible implementation, if the preset state includes a fault state, then step S2012' may include: if the current working state of a battery cluster is a fault state, then the battery cluster in the fault state is taken as the target battery cluster.

[0162] It should be noted that if the current operating state of the battery cluster is a fault state, it means that there is no need to perform thermal management on this battery cluster. Therefore, the battery cluster in the fault state is used as the target battery cluster.

[0163] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the battery cluster fails, there is no need to manage the temperature of the failed battery cluster, thus improving the flexibility of cooling.

[0164] In one feasible implementation, in addition to focusing on the operating state of the target battery cluster, it is also necessary to consider whether the operating states of other battery clusters meet the cooling requirements. Therefore, after step S20, the thermal management method of the energy storage system further includes:

[0165] Step S21: When the target battery cluster is in the preset state and the other battery clusters are in the target state, perform the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction through the commutation device based on the cell temperature data and / or operating state data.

[0166] It should be noted that the target state is the high-voltage state. In addition to the target battery cluster being in a non-high-voltage state or a fault state, it is also necessary to determine whether the other battery clusters are in the high-voltage state. Only when the target battery cluster is in a non-high-voltage state or a fault state and the other battery clusters are in the high-voltage state will the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction through the reversing device be executed, so as to ensure that the refrigerant flow direction of the other battery clusters is not affected.

[0167] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, only some battery clusters are in a non-high voltage state while other battery clusters are in a high voltage state. At this time, performing a specific refrigerant flow adjustment can ensure that these battery clusters obtain the necessary cooling support without affecting other working battery clusters. This reflects the system's refined management and efficient resource allocation for different working states.

[0168] In one feasible implementation, if the target battery cluster is a battery cluster that is not in a high-voltage state among all battery clusters in operation, the water inlet of the battery cluster can be controlled to be closed. Referring to Figure 9, step S202 may include:

[0169] Step S2021': Determine the target reversing device at the inlet of the target battery cluster.

[0170] It should be noted that the reversing device located between the water inlet and the cooling device of the target battery cluster can be used as the target reversing device. For example, if the battery cluster includes battery clusters 1-4 and battery cluster 2 is in a non-high voltage state, then the target reversing device is reversing device H3.

[0171] Step S2022': Control the target reversing device to disconnect the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows to the outlet through the inlet of the other battery cluster, and flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device on the outlet.

[0172] In practical implementation, to avoid a large temperature difference between the target battery cluster and other battery clusters due to cooling the target battery cluster, the target battery cluster can be left uncooled. In this case, the BMS can control the target reversing device to disconnect the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster. For example, by adjusting the direction of the multi-way valve, the connection between battery cluster 2 and the cooling device can be disconnected, as shown in Figure 10. At this time, the connection between battery cluster 2 and the cooling device is disconnected, so that the refrigerant provided by the cooling device flows through the inlets of other battery clusters (battery cluster 1, battery cluster 3 and battery cluster 4) to the corresponding outlets, and flows back to the cooling device through the coolant circuit via the reversing device H1, thus completing the thermal management of the battery cluster.

[0173] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, for battery clusters in a preset state, the cooling connection is directly disconnected, which simplifies the operation process, reduces unnecessary energy consumption, and ensures that resources can be concentrated where they are needed more when no additional cooling is required.

[0174] In some embodiments, after adjusting the refrigerant of the target battery cluster, the operating state of the target battery cluster can be continuously monitored to see if it is in a high-voltage state. If so, the previous connection method can be restored. After step S2022', the thermal management method of the energy storage system further includes:

[0175] Step S2023': When the working state of the target battery cluster changes from the preset state to the target state and the working state of other battery clusters is the target state, control the connection path between the cooling device and the water inlet of the target battery cluster through the target reversing device, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the water inlet of each battery cluster to the water outlet, and flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device on the water outlet.

[0176] It should be noted that the BMS monitors the operating status of the target battery cluster in real time. When the operating status of the target battery cluster changes from a non-high-voltage state or a fault state to a high-voltage state, and the operating status of other battery clusters also changes to a high-voltage state, the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster can be restored. This allows the refrigerant to flow through the inlet of each battery cluster to its corresponding outlet and back to the cooling device, completing the cooling of each battery cluster. At this time, the connection between battery cluster 2 and the cooling device is restored. The refrigerant flows through the inlet of battery clusters 1-4 to its corresponding outlet, and then flows back to the cooling device after passing through the reversing device H1.

[0177] It is understandable that if the operating state of the target battery cluster changes from a non-high voltage state or a fault state to a high voltage state, but there are other battery clusters that are not in a high voltage state or are in a fault state, then the other battery clusters that are not in a high voltage state or are in a fault state will be regarded as the target battery cluster, and the target battery cluster that has changed to a high voltage state will be regarded as the other battery clusters. At this time, the processing method of connecting the target battery cluster and the cooling device as described above can be used to change the refrigerant flow direction of the target battery cluster. For example, in battery clusters 1-4, the target battery cluster is 1, and the other battery clusters are 2, 3, and 4. If the working state of the target battery cluster changes from a non-high voltage state or a fault state to a high voltage state, and the working state of battery clusters 2 and 3 in the other battery clusters is a high voltage state, and the working state of battery cluster 4 changes from a high voltage state to a non-high voltage state or a fault state, then the target battery cluster is battery cluster 4, and the other battery clusters are battery clusters 1, 2, and 3. At this time, the connection between battery cluster 4 and the cooling device is disconnected by the reversing device H5, and the connection between battery cluster 1 and the cooling device is restored. At this time, the refrigerant flows through the inlet of battery clusters 1, 2, and 3 to the outlet of battery clusters 1, 2, and 3, and then flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device H1 on the outlet.

[0178] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the target battery cluster changes from a non-high voltage state or a fault state to a high voltage state, its normal cooling connection is immediately restored. This rapid response capability ensures that each battery cluster can receive sufficient cooling support during its critical operating phase, preventing temperature surge problems caused by sudden voltage increase.

[0179] It should be noted that the above examples are only for understanding this application and do not constitute a limitation on the thermal management method of the energy storage system of this application. Any simple modifications based on this technical concept are within the protection scope of this application.

[0180] This application also provides an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprising:

[0181] The system includes a control device, a cooling device, and multiple reversing devices. Reversing devices are installed on the connection path between the cooling device and the water inlet of each battery cluster, and on the connection path between the water outlet of the battery cluster and the cooling device.

[0182] In one feasible implementation, a control device is used to drive a cooling device to supply refrigerant to the corresponding battery clusters to cool the battery clusters.

[0183] It should be noted that the control device can be a BMS (Battery Management System). The BMS is used to control the cooling device, the commutation device, and the battery pack. Specifically, it can control the opening and closing of the cooling device, control the flow rate of the refrigerant in the cooling device, control the conduction direction of the commutation device, and also control the status of the battery pack and the connection between the battery pack and the cooling device.

[0184] When thermal management, such as refrigeration, is required, the control device can drive the cooling device to supply refrigerant to the corresponding battery clusters, thereby cooling each battery cluster.

[0185] The control device is also used to adjust the refrigerant flow direction through a commutation device based on the cell temperature data and / or operating status data of the battery cluster.

[0186] In practical implementation, the control device can also collect the cell temperature data and the working status of the battery cluster in real time, and then control the conduction direction of the commutation device according to the cell temperature data and / or working status, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the connection path between the water inlet of the battery cluster and the cooling device, thereby reducing thermal management power consumption and reducing the temperature difference between clusters.

[0187] The above are only some embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A thermal management method for an energy storage system, characterized in that, The thermal management method of the energy storage system includes: Acquire cell temperature data and operating status data for each battery cluster; The refrigerant flow direction is adjusted by a reversing device based on the cell temperature data and / or the operating status data.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction via a reversing device based on the cell temperature data and / or the operating status data includes: The target battery cluster is determined based on the cell temperature data and / or the operating status data; The refrigerant flow direction is adjusted based on the target battery cluster via a reversing device.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction based on the target battery cluster via a commutation device includes: Determine the target reversing device at the water inlet of the target battery cluster; The target reversing device is controlled to disconnect the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, and the target reversing device is controlled to connect with the reversing device provided on the outlet of the battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the inlet of other battery clusters to the outlet, and then flows to the inlet of the target battery cluster and the cooling device through the reversing device on the outlet of the battery cluster respectively. The other battery clusters are the battery clusters other than the target battery cluster.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the lowest target cell temperature of the target battery cluster in each battery cluster and the other target cell temperatures of other battery clusters; Calculate the cell temperature difference based on the target cell temperature and the other target cell temperatures; When the temperature difference between the cells is less than a first preset temperature threshold, the target reversing device is controlled to restore the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, and the target reversing device is controlled to disconnect the connection between itself and the reversing device located at the outlet of the battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the inlet to the outlet of each battery cluster, and flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device at the outlet of the battery cluster.

5. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the target battery cluster based on the cell temperature data and / or the operating status data includes: The target cell temperature of each battery cluster is obtained based on the cell temperature data. The temperatures of the target battery cells are compared to obtain the comparison results; The target battery cluster is determined based on the comparison results.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the target battery cluster based on the comparison result includes: The battery cluster corresponding to the lowest target cell temperature in the comparison results is taken as the target battery cluster.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the lowest target cell temperature of the target battery cluster in each battery cluster and the other target cell temperatures of other battery clusters; The cell temperature difference is calculated using the lowest target cell temperature and the other target cell temperatures. If the temperature difference of the battery cells is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction through the reversing device according to the battery cell temperature data and / or the operating status data is performed, wherein the first preset temperature threshold is greater than the second preset temperature threshold.

8. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the target battery cluster based on the cell temperature data and / or the operating status data includes: The current operating status of each battery cluster is obtained based on the operating status data; If the current operating state of the battery cluster is a preset state, the battery cluster in the preset state is taken as the target battery cluster.

9. The method as described in claim 2 or 8, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction based on the target battery cluster through the commutation device includes: Determine the target reversing device at the water inlet of the target battery cluster; The target reversing device is controlled to disconnect the connection between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows to the outlet through the inlet of another battery cluster, and flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device on the outlet.

10. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The preset state includes a non-high voltage state; The step of using the battery cluster in the preset state as the target battery cluster when the current operating state of the battery cluster is a preset state includes: If the current operating state of the battery cluster is not under high voltage, the battery cluster under the non-high voltage state shall be used as the target battery cluster.

11. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The preset state includes a fault state; The step of using the battery cluster in the preset state as the target battery cluster when the current operating state of the battery cluster is a preset state includes: If the current operating state of the battery cluster is a fault state, the battery cluster in the fault state shall be used as the target battery cluster.

12. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the operating state of the target battery cluster changes from a preset state to the target state and the operating state of other battery clusters is the target state, the connection path between the cooling device and the inlet of the target battery cluster is controlled by the target reversing device, so that the refrigerant in the cooling device flows from the inlet of each battery cluster to the outlet, and flows back to the cooling device through the reversing device on the outlet.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the target battery cluster is in a preset state and the other battery clusters are in the target state, the step of adjusting the refrigerant flow direction through the reversing device based on the cell temperature data and / or the operating state data is executed.

14. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a control device, a cooling device, and a commutation device. The commutation device is provided on the connection path between the cooling device and the water inlet of each battery cluster, and the commutation device is provided on the connection path between the water outlet of each battery cluster and the cooling device.

15. The energy storage system as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The control device is used to drive the cooling device to provide refrigerant to the corresponding battery cluster, thereby cooling the battery cluster; The control device is also used to adjust the refrigerant flow direction through the commutation device based on the cell temperature data and / or operating status data of the battery cluster.

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