Power supply circuit, server, and timing control method

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of server power supply, and discloses a power supply circuit, a server, and a timing control method, solving the current problem of the continuously increasing short-term peak power demands of loads such as a GPU and a CPU. The power supply circuit comprises a long-term power supply module and a peak compensation module that cooperate with each other, the long-term power supply module provides stable energy conversion to satisfy long-term stable power supply demands of loads, and the peak compensation module dynamically regulates power supply on the basis of load demands and the operating state of the long-term power supply module, and provides or recovers energy, so as to satisfy instantaneous peak power demands, thereby avoiding the defect in a traditional solution that a peak current cannot be satisfied or large-scale redundancy and high-cost capacitor banks are required. This design can reduce the system cost and size while ensuring the stability of power supply, and improve the overall power supply efficiency and a response capability.

Description

Power supply circuit, server and timing control method

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] The present application claims priority from the Chinese patent application No. 202510053187.X filed on January 14, 2025, and entitled "Power supply circuit, server and timing control method", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the field of server power supply, and in particular to a power supply circuit, a server and a timing control method. BACKGROUND

[0004] Under the promotion of the artificial intelligence boom, the number and power consumption proportion of GPUs (Graphics Processing Unit) as the core computing power base continue to increase, resulting in a substantial increase in the total power consumption of the whole cabinet server, especially the demand for short-time peak power of loads such as GPUs and CPUs (Central Processing Unit) is increasing. However, as the total power demand of the load increases, the power supply volume and design requirements remain unchanged, and the power supply indicators become more stringent.

[0005] In related technologies, the main methods are to improve the transient mS level peak power supply capacity of the PSU (Power Supply Unit), or increase the number of PSU redundancy parallel connection (for example, use N+N PSU redundancy parallel connection), or parallel large capacitance aluminum electrolytic capacitor bank on the output bus. There are problems of not meeting the peak current demand, or a substantial increase in cost and volume. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a power supply circuit, a server and a timing control method, which avoids the defects of the peak current not meeting or the need for large-scale redundancy and high-cost capacitor bank in the traditional scheme. This design can reduce the system cost and volume while ensuring stable power supply, improve the overall power supply efficiency and response capability.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a power supply circuit for use in a server, comprising: a power bus whose output terminal is connected to a load, the power bus being configured to provide energy to the load; a long-term power supply module whose input terminal is connected to an input bus and whose output terminal is connected to a power bus, the long-term power supply module being configured to transform the power supply on the input bus according to the load demand on the power bus, so as to provide energy to the power bus; and a peak compensation module whose output terminal is connected to the power bus, the peak compensation module being configured to provide energy to the power bus or obtain energy from the power bus according to the load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module.

[0008] Secondly, this application provides a server, including the power supply circuit described above.

[0009] Thirdly, this application provides a timing control method applied to the aforementioned power supply circuit. The timing control method includes: controlling a long-term power supply module to transform the power supply on the input bus according to the load demand of the power bus, so as to provide energy to the power bus; obtaining the operating state of the long-term power supply module; and controlling a peak compensation module to provide energy to the power bus or obtain energy from the power bus according to the load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module.

[0010] This application provides a power supply circuit, server, and timing control method, relating to the field of server power supply, and solves the problem of the increasing short-term peak power demand of loads such as GPUs and CPUs. The power supply circuit introduces the coordinated operation of a long-term power supply module and a peak compensation module. The long-term power supply module provides stable energy conversion to meet the long-term stable power supply requirements of the load; while the peak compensation module dynamically adjusts the power supply according to the load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module, providing or recovering energy to meet instantaneous peak power demands. This avoids the shortcomings of traditional solutions where peak current cannot be met or where large-scale redundancy and high-cost capacitor banks are required. This design can reduce system cost and size while ensuring stable power supply and improving overall power supply efficiency and responsiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit provided in this application.

[0012] Figure 2 is a partial schematic diagram of a power supply circuit provided in this application.

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a long-term power supply module provided in this application.

[0014] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a bus switching module provided in this application.

[0015] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a peak compensation module provided in this application.

[0016] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a charging and discharging module provided in this application.

[0017] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a charging process provided in this application.

[0018] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a discharge module provided in this application.

[0019] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary module provided in this application.

[0020] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a switching unit control module provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 11 is a flowchart of a charging process using an auxiliary module provided in this application.

[0022] Figure 12 is a flowchart of a discharge process using an auxiliary module provided in this application.

[0023] Figure 13 is a flowchart of an energy storage module that releases residual energy through an auxiliary module, as provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The core of this application is to provide a power supply circuit, server and timing control method. The peak compensation module dynamically adjusts the power supply according to the load demand and the working status of the long-term power supply module, providing or recovering energy to meet the instantaneous peak power demand. This avoids the defects of traditional solutions where the peak current cannot meet the demand or requires large-scale redundancy and high-cost capacitor banks. This design can reduce system cost and size while ensuring power supply stability, and improve overall power supply efficiency and response capability.

[0025] In a first aspect, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, this application provides a power supply circuit for a server, comprising: a power bus 13, the output of which is connected to a load, the power bus 13 being configured to provide energy to the load; a long-term power supply module 11, the input of which is connected to an input bus, and the output of which is connected to the power bus 13, the long-term power supply module 11 being configured to transform the power supply on the input bus according to the load demand on the power bus 13, thereby providing energy to the power bus 13; and a peak compensation module 12, the output of which is connected to the power bus 13, the peak compensation module 12 being configured to provide energy to the power bus 13 or obtain energy from the power bus 13 according to the load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module 11.

[0026] The power supply circuits of some embodiments of this application are applied to server systems, aiming to effectively solve the problem that traditional power supply solutions cannot respond in a timely manner or are too costly due to fluctuations in power demand from the load, especially high short-term peak power demand. The circuit consists of three main parts: a long-term power supply module 11, a peak compensation module 12, and a power bus 13.

[0027] The input terminal of the long-term power supply module 11 is connected to the server's input bus, which is typically supplied by an external power source (such as 220V AC or high-voltage DC). The main function of the long-term power supply module 11 is to transform the power supply on the input bus, usually through DC-DC or AC-DC conversion, converting the voltage or current of the input power supply to a voltage specification suitable for server operation and outputting it to the power bus 13. The role of the long-term power supply module 11 is to provide a stable and continuous power supply, ensuring that the server obtains the energy required under normal operating conditions. This part is the mainstay of the power supply circuit, undertaking the task of providing stable power for extended periods.

[0028] Unlike the long-term power supply module 11, the peak compensation module 12 is specifically designed to handle sudden, rapid changes in the load's instantaneous power demand, especially during high-intensity computations (such as high GPU or CPU loads), which generate short-term power peaks. The output of the peak compensation module 12 is directly connected to the power bus 13. Its function is to dynamically adjust the power supply based on the load's instantaneous power demand and the operating status of the long-term power supply module 11. If the load's instantaneous power demand exceeds the capacity of the long-term power supply module 11, the peak compensation module 12 can provide energy to the power bus 13 to meet the load's instantaneous power demand. When the load's instantaneous power demand decreases and is less than the output power of the long-term power supply module 11, the peak compensation module 12 absorbs additional energy from the power bus 13. Through precise adjustment, the peak compensation module 12 ensures that the power supply can quickly respond to instantaneous load demands, preventing system failures or performance degradation caused by insufficient power supply.

[0029] The power bus 13 acts as a bridge connecting the long-term power supply module 11, the peak compensation module 12, and the load. The power bus 13 delivers the energy provided by the long-term power supply module 11 and the peak compensation module 12 to various loads in the server (such as CPU, GPU, storage devices, etc.). It is responsible for distributing the power supply current to each load device, ensuring the stable operation of each component.

[0030] In addition, a power status monitoring module 14 can be introduced to enhance the real-time monitoring and intelligent management capabilities of the power supply circuit, ensure that each module and bus can operate stably and effectively under different working conditions, and promptly detect possible abnormalities and make corresponding adjustments.

[0031] The power status monitoring module 14, through its connection with the current sharing bus, peak compensation module 12, and power bus 13 of multiple power modules in the long-term power supply module 11, collects voltage and current data of the power modules, peak compensation module 12, and power bus 13 in real time. This data provides feedback information for the operation of the entire circuit, determining whether the power supply status of each part is normal.

[0032] As shown in Figure 3, the multiple power modules in the long-term power supply module 11 typically share power through a current-sharing bus. The power status monitoring module 14 monitors the current distribution of each power module to ensure that the output power of each power module is within a reasonable range, thereby preventing instability caused by overload or underload of some power modules. For example, when multiple power modules are connected in parallel, the power status monitoring module 14 can detect and adjust the load balance of the power modules to ensure that the load of each power module is within its rated operating range, avoiding failure or inefficiency due to excessive load on a single power module. Furthermore, when the output currents of multiple power modules are asynchronous, the current-sharing bus will feed back the current value of each power module and adjust it uniformly, making the current output of each power module tend to be consistent. Specifically, after the status feedback from the current-sharing bus, the output current of other power modules will be adjusted according to the maximum current value of the current power module. In this way, through the feedback mechanism of the current sharing bus, the output current of all power modules will eventually be adjusted uniformly with reference to the maximum current value, ensuring that each power module bears the same current load, thereby avoiding the situation where one power module is overloaded while other modules are underloaded.

[0033] When load demand changes rapidly, the peak compensation module 12 responds quickly to the instantaneous power demand of the load based on feedback from the power status monitoring module 14. The power status monitoring module 14 provides real-time voltage and current information to help the peak compensation module 12 determine whether additional energy needs to be drawn from or supplied to the power bus 13. If the power status monitoring module 14 detects a sudden increase in load that may cause a voltage drop or current overload on the power bus 13, the peak compensation module 12 can immediately provide additional power to compensate for the short-term power shortage; conversely, if the load decreases, the power status monitoring module 14 will prompt the peak compensation module 12 to recover excess energy from the power bus 13 to improve overall energy efficiency.

[0034] The power status monitoring module 14 can detect any abnormalities in the power module or bus in real time, such as excessively high or low voltage, or excessive current. These abnormalities may be caused by power module failure, abnormal load fluctuations, or other circuit faults. The power status monitoring module 14 will trigger alarms or protection mechanisms through internally set thresholds, automatically adjust the circuit's operating status, or directly switch to the backup power module (in some embodiments of this application, the long-term power supply module 11 includes a main power module (represented as power module 1-power module n in Figure 3) and a backup power module (represented as backup power module 1 in Figure 3, the number of which is not limited to one), that is, the power module supports redundancy), to avoid system downtime or equipment damage due to abnormal conditions. For servers that need to operate for a long time, real-time monitoring and automatic protection are particularly important, as they can improve the reliability and security of the system.

[0035] The power status monitoring module 14 not only monitors the circuit status in real time, but also records and uploads monitoring data (including voltage, current, power, etc.) to a server management system or cloud platform. This allows system administrators to view the operating status of each power module and bus through a remote management platform, analyze the health of the power system based on historical data, and perform preventative maintenance and load forecasting based on this monitoring data.

[0036] As can be seen, the introduction of the power status monitoring module 14 enhances the dynamic adjustment capability of the entire power supply system through real-time monitoring of voltage and current, especially in the coordinated operation between the long-term power supply and peak compensation module 12. It ensures load balance among the various power supply modules, dynamically adjusts peak power supply, promptly detects anomalies and provides protection, thus improving the overall stability and reliability of the system. Furthermore, the monitoring module provides system administrators with remote management and data analysis functions, contributing to the intelligent management of the power system.

[0037] It should be noted that the power status monitoring module 14, the long-term power supply module 11, the peak compensation module 12, and the power supply module are designed as an integrated power management system and installed in a single rack. Specifically, these modules can be vertically distributed sequentially within the rack according to functional requirements, forming a rational layout structure for modular management and maintenance. This vertical distribution design effectively saves rack space while facilitating electrical connections and heat dissipation management between each module. The modular design makes the replacement, maintenance, and expansion of each module more convenient and efficient, especially in large server applications such as data centers, significantly reducing maintenance difficulty and improving system reliability. Furthermore, this vertical distribution structure provides excellent heat dissipation, facilitating natural heat flow and air circulation, thereby improving the overall system efficiency and stability. With this design, the coordination between modules is closer, allowing system administrators to flexibly adjust and optimize based on real-time power status and load conditions, thus achieving more efficient and stable power management.

[0038] In summary, in some embodiments of this application, the entire power supply circuit can flexibly switch between long-term and short-term power demands. The long-term power supply module 11 provides continuous and stable power, while the peak compensation module 12 quickly responds to load power fluctuations in a short period of time, avoiding the size and cost problems caused by increasing the number of redundant parallel power supplies or expanding capacitor capacity in traditional designs. This solution effectively improves the power response capability of the power supply system while reducing the overall cost and size of the system, making it more suitable for the high instantaneous power demands of modern servers, especially high-performance computing and artificial intelligence applications.

[0039] As shown in Figure 3, in some embodiments, the number of input buses is at least 2. The long-term power supply module 11 includes: multiple power modules, the output terminal of each power module is connected to the power bus 13, and each power module is configured to transform the power on the input bus according to the load demand on the power bus 13 to provide energy to the power bus 13; a bus switching module 31, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of each input bus, and the output terminal of which is connected to the input terminal of each power module, and the bus switching module 31 is configured to control at most one input bus that meets the preset requirements to be connected to the power module.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, the number of input buses is at least 2, and the long-term power supply module 11 consists of a bus switching module 31 and multiple power supply modules to achieve more flexible and reliable power management. In particular, it can ensure that the system always obtains a stable power supply when facing different input sources or power module failures.

[0041] The bus switching module 31 connects to multiple input buses and selects one input bus to connect to the power supply module through a control mechanism. Its main function is to select at most one input bus as the power source for the power supply module according to preset control logic. The input buses usually come from different AC or DC power sources. The bus switching module 31 ensures flexible switching between different input buses, thereby ensuring that the system can automatically switch to another input source when one input power source fails or becomes unstable, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the power supply.

[0042] The design of the bus switching module 31 enables the power system to respond quickly under significant load changes and automatically switch to the optimal input power supply. When the system detects that an input bus cannot meet the current load demand, the switching module will quickly switch to another input bus to ensure a stable power supply. If the power supply of an input bus fails or becomes unstable (such as abnormal voltage or power outage), the bus switching module 31 will switch to the normal bus, thereby avoiding system downtime or performance degradation due to a single power supply failure.

[0043] In some embodiments, the long-term power supply module 11 includes multiple power supply modules, each with its output connected to the power bus 13. Each power supply module is responsible for converting the power from the connected input bus (e.g., DC-DC or AC-DC conversion) and providing voltage and current suitable for the server's operating requirements, ultimately powering the power bus 13. The parallel design of multiple power supply modules improves power redundancy and supply capacity, and enhances the power supply stability of the entire system under high load conditions. By operating multiple power supply modules in parallel, power demand can be evenly distributed among each power supply module, preventing a single power supply module from failing due to overload. Simultaneously, multiple power supply modules can provide sufficient power under high load or instantaneous power peak conditions, preventing the power system from interrupting service due to excessive load.

[0044] In addition, each input bus is equipped with a filter module 32 corresponding to each input bus to improve power quality, reduce noise and fluctuations, and ensure the stable operation of the power supply system. The filter module 32 eliminates high-frequency noise, voltage fluctuations, and current spikes in the input power supply, thereby improving power quality and ensuring that the power supply system can stably and reliably provide clean power to downstream equipment.

[0045] Each input bus is equipped with an independent filter module 32, meaning that the power signal of each input bus is processed individually. This one-to-one correspondence design helps optimize system performance and prevents interference from one bus from affecting other buses.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, by introducing multiple input buses, a bus switching module 31, and multiple power supply modules, the entire power supply system can flexibly adjust itself in the face of various power inputs, load changes, and system faults. This design not only improves the redundancy of the power supply system and reduces the risks caused by a single input bus failure, but also utilizes power resources more efficiently and avoids unnecessary energy waste. The bus switching module 31 ensures that the system can automatically switch when there is a problem with the input power supply, while the parallel design of multiple power supply modules ensures that the system can operate stably under high loads.

[0047] As shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, the bus switching module 31 includes: a detection module, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of each input bus, the detection module being configured to detect the power status of each input bus and send all power statuses to the switching control module; a switching control module, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the detection module, and whose output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the switching switch 41, the switching control module being configured to select at most one input bus with normal power status as the target input bus based on all power statuses, and send a switch control signal to the switching switch 41; and a switching switch 41, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of each input bus, and whose output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the power supply module, the switching switch being configured to connect the target input bus to the power supply module according to the switch control signal.

[0048] In some embodiments, the bus switching module 31 is designed to include a detection module (Figure 4 shows input path 1 and input path 2 corresponding to two input buses, so the detection module is adapted to include detection module 1 and detection module 2), a switching control module, and a switching switch 41. The purpose is to ensure that an input bus with normal power status and suitable for the current load requirements is selected from multiple input buses, thereby providing a stable and reliable power input to the power module.

[0049] The primary function of the detection module is to monitor the power status of each input bus in real time. Each input bus originates from a different power source, such as the external power grid, a backup battery bank, or other independent power supply equipment. The detection module continuously acquires power parameters such as voltage, current, and power on each input bus by connecting to its output terminal. This data reflects the power quality of each input bus, including whether it is operating normally and whether there are overvoltage, undervoltage, or other power anomalies. After integrating all the collected power status information, the detection module transmits this data to the switching control module via its output terminal for subsequent decision-making and control.

[0050] After receiving all the power status information from the detection module, the switching control module is responsible for making decisions based on this information, selecting the input bus with normal power status that meets system requirements. Specifically, the switching control module analyzes the voltage, current, and other data of each input bus to determine which input buses are in normal operating condition, and selects at most one input bus with good power status as the target input bus. If the power status of all input buses is normal, the switching control module will make a final selection based on other factors (such as load demand, efficiency, etc.).

[0051] Once the target input bus is determined, the switching control module generates a switching control signal and transmits it to the switching switch 41 via its output. At this point, the switching control module acts as the system's decision-making center, ensuring that the power system can always access the optimal power input.

[0052] The main function of the switching switch 41 is to determine which input bus will ultimately be connected to the power module based on the switching control signal from the switching control module. When the switching control module issues a switching control signal, the switching switch 41 will immediately connect the target input bus to the power module according to the instruction, while disconnecting other unsuitable input buses, thereby ensuring that the power module receives only a stable and normal power input.

[0053] The changeover switch 41 can be designed as either mechanical or electronic, depending on the system requirements and response speed. Regardless of the type, the key to the changeover switch 41 is its switching speed and reliability, ensuring that no instantaneous voltage fluctuations or interruptions occur during power switching, thus maintaining stable system operation.

[0054] In summary, some embodiments of this application can automatically select the optimal input power supply, ensuring that the power module always receives power from the input bus with normal power status, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the power system. The detection module monitors the power status of each input bus in real time and transmits the information to the switching control module, which makes a decision and ultimately realizes the access of the target input bus through the switching switch 41. This optimizes power management and scheduling, enhances the system's fault tolerance, effectively reduces the impact of power fluctuations or faults, and ensures that the system can operate continuously and stably.

[0055] In some embodiments, the switching control module is specifically configured to determine the preset input bus as the target input bus when the power state of the preset input bus is normal, and to determine any input bus with normal power state other than the preset input bus as the target input bus when the power state of the preset input bus is abnormal, and to send a switching control signal to the switching switch 41.

[0056] In some embodiments, the switching control module is further configured to determine a new target input bus from input buses with normal power status other than the target input bus when the power status of the target input bus currently connected to the power module is abnormal, and send a bus switching signal to the switching switch 41; the switching switch 41 is further configured to disconnect the target input bus with abnormal power status from the power module according to the bus switching signal, and connect the new target input bus to the power module.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, the main function of the switching control module is to intelligently select the target input bus based on the power status of each input bus and adjust the power supply access through a switch control signal. Specifically, the switching control module determines whether to switch the power input based on the power status of the preset input bus and makes corresponding control decisions.

[0058] Specifically, when the power status of the preset input bus is normal, the switching control module determines that the input bus can provide a stable power supply to the power module, and therefore identifies the preset input bus as the target input bus. At this time, the switching control module does not need to perform any switching action and continues to maintain the current power input.

[0059] However, if the power status of the preset input bus is abnormal (e.g., voltage too high or too low, insufficient power, or other faults), the switching control module will be unable to continue supplying power based on that input bus. Therefore, the switching control module will automatically search for and select other input buses with normal power status as the target input bus. These input buses with normal power status can be any input bus in the system, provided that their power status meets the normal operating requirements.

[0060] Once a new target input bus is identified, the switching control module generates a corresponding switching control signal and transmits it to the switching switch 41, instructing the switching switch 41 to switch the power input to the new target input bus. During this process, the switching control module's role is to determine and decide based on real-time power status, ensuring that the power system can obtain a stable power supply from the input bus with normal power status under any circumstances. This guarantees the continuous operation of the server or equipment, unaffected by input power fluctuations or faults.

[0061] In summary, some embodiments of this application ensure the continuity and stability of power supply by intelligently selecting the target input bus. When the preset input bus is normal, no change is needed. However, when the preset input bus fails, the switching control module can quickly switch to other input buses with normal power status, thereby realizing automated power switching, avoiding downtime or performance degradation caused by power abnormalities, and ensuring high reliability and stable operation of the system.

[0062] As shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes a supporting energy body 42, whose output terminal is connected to the output terminal of the switching switch 41 and the input terminal of the power bus 13, respectively. The supporting energy body 42 is configured to provide energy to the power module when the switching switch 41 switches from the target input bus to the new target input bus.

[0063] When the system detects that it needs to switch from the current target input bus to a new target input bus, the switching switch 41 changes its connection state, switching the power input from the current bus to another bus with normal power status. However, during this switching process, due to the instantaneous nature of the switching process, the power module may temporarily lose a stable power supply, resulting in a voltage drop or power interruption, thereby affecting the normal operation of the system.

[0064] To address this issue, the supporting energy source 42 provides a buffer energy by connecting to the output of the switching switch 41 and the input of the power module. When the switching switch 41 begins to switch, the supporting energy source 42 can briefly provide energy to the power module to fill the power input gap, ensuring that the power module continuously and stably receives power and preventing voltage drops or interruptions in the system. The supporting energy source 42 (e.g., a capacitor) can quickly release energy to provide instantaneous current support until the new target input bus is fully connected and supplying power stably.

[0065] Specifically, the supporting energy source 42 can be a supporting capacitor. The energy storage characteristics of a capacitor enable it to provide a brief period of high power output during power switching, helping the system maintain a stable voltage level until the new input bus is connected and begins supplying power. The selection of the supporting capacitor needs to consider the system power requirements and the duration of the switching process, ensuring that its capacity and output power are sufficient to support the stable operation of the power module.

[0066] As can be seen, in some embodiments of this application, the supporting energy body 42 provides brief energy support during power switching, ensuring the continuity and stability of the power module and avoiding power interruptions or voltage fluctuations caused by the switching process. This improves the reliability and seamless operation of the entire system, especially in scenarios with dynamic load changes or frequent power switching, ensuring that the power switching process does not affect the overall operation of the system.

[0067] As shown in Figure 5, in some embodiments, the peak compensation module 12 includes: an energy storage module 51 configured to store energy; and a charge / discharge module 52, the input of which is connected to the output of the energy storage module 51 and the output of which is connected to the power bus 13. The charge / discharge module 52 is configured to operate in a discharge mode to provide energy to the power bus 13 based on load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module 11, or to operate in a charging mode to obtain energy from the power bus 13.

[0068] In some embodiments, the peak compensation module 12, by introducing the energy storage module 51 and the charging and discharging module 52, enables flexible adjustment of the system power demand, ensuring that the power bus 13 can always meet the instantaneous power demand of the load, while maintaining the high efficiency and stability of the power system.

[0069] The function of the energy storage module 51 is to store a certain amount of energy, usually through energy storage devices such as batteries or supercapacitors. These energy storage devices can quickly respond to fluctuations in system power demand. When the instantaneous power demand of the load exceeds the capacity of the long-term power supply module 11, the energy storage module 51 can quickly release the stored energy to provide additional power support to the power bus 13, ensuring that the instantaneous power demand of the load is met.

[0070] The charging / discharging module 52, as the core control module, is responsible for managing the charging and discharging process of the energy storage module 51. Based on the current load demand and the operating status of the long-term power supply module 11, the charging / discharging module 52 can intelligently switch operating modes. In discharging mode, the charging / discharging module 52 enables the energy storage module 51 to release stored energy to the power bus 13 to meet the instantaneous power demand of the load. If the load demand exceeds the capacity of the long-term power supply module 11, or during a sudden increase in load, the energy provided by the energy storage module 51 acts as a "buffer," ensuring that the power bus 13 does not experience power shortages. On the other hand, when the system power demand decreases or the instantaneous load power is less than the output power of the long-term power supply module 11, the charging / discharging module 52 can operate in charging mode. In this mode, the charging / discharging module 52 will obtain excess energy from the power bus 13 and store it in the energy storage module 51. Thus, the system can use excess electrical energy to charge the energy storage module 51 when the load demand is low, providing sufficient reserves for potential future instantaneous power demands.

[0071] As can be seen, in some embodiments of this application, the peak compensation module 12 can dynamically adjust the energy supply and recovery according to changes in load demand and the status of the long-term power supply module 11, ensuring that the power bus 13 always has sufficient energy to supply the load without being affected by power fluctuations. In addition, the introduction of the energy storage module 51 enables the system to maintain stability when power demand fluctuates, reduces the pressure of system load fluctuations on the power module, and optimizes the efficiency of energy use.

[0072] As shown in Figure 6, in some embodiments, the charging and discharging module 52 includes four controllable switches and a first inductor L1; the first terminal of the first controllable switch Q1 is connected to the positive output terminal of the energy storage module 51, the second terminal of the first controllable switch Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the second controllable switch Q2 and the first terminal of the first inductor L1, the second terminal of the first inductor L1 is connected to the first terminal of the third controllable switch Q3 and the first terminal of the fourth controllable switch Q4, the second terminal of the third controllable switch Q3 is connected to the positive input terminal of the power bus 13, and the second terminal of the second controllable switch Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the fourth controllable switch Q4, the negative output terminal of the energy storage module 51, and the negative terminal of the power bus 13.

[0073] In some embodiments, operating in charging mode to allow the energy storage module 51 to obtain energy from the power bus 13 includes: when the charging / discharging module 52 is operating in charging mode and the target voltage of the energy storage module 51 is less than the voltage of the power bus 13, the first controllable switch Q1 is turned on, the second controllable switch Q2 is turned off, and the third controllable switch Q3 and the fourth controllable switch Q4 are alternately turned on to allow the energy storage module 51 to obtain energy from the power bus 13; when the charging / discharging module 52 is operating in charging mode and the target voltage of the energy storage module 51 is greater than the voltage of the power bus 13, the first controllable switch Q1 is turned on, the second controllable switch Q2 is turned off, and the third controllable switch Q3 and the fourth controllable switch Q4 are alternately turned on to allow the energy storage module 51 to obtain energy from the power bus 13.

[0074] In some embodiments, operating in discharge mode to enable the energy storage module 51 to provide energy to the power bus 13 includes: when the charging / discharging module 52 is operating in discharge mode and the target voltage of the energy storage module 51 is less than the voltage of the power bus 13, the first controllable switch Q1 and the second controllable switch Q2 are alternately turned on, the third controllable switch Q3 is turned on, and the fourth controllable switch Q4 is turned off, so that the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13; when the charging / discharging module 52 is operating in discharge mode and the target voltage of the energy storage module 51 is greater than the voltage of the power bus 13, the first controllable switch Q1 is turned on, the second controllable switch Q2 is turned off, and the third controllable switch Q3 and the fourth controllable switch Q4 are alternately turned on, so that the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13.

[0075] In some embodiments, the charging and discharging module 52 is specifically used to operate in charging mode when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 is greater than the bus current value on the power bus 13, so that the energy storage module 51 can obtain energy from the power bus 13, and adjust the charging current value of the energy storage module 51 according to the current output current value and the maximum allowable output current value of the long-term power supply module 11.

[0076] In some embodiments of this application, the charging and discharging module 52 operates to ensure that the energy storage module 51 can efficiently utilize the remaining energy in the system and adjust the charging current according to load demand and the operating status of the power system, thereby optimizing the distribution and storage of power.

[0077] Specifically, when the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is greater than the bus current on the power bus 13, the charging and discharging module 52 will operate in charging mode, allowing the energy storage module 51 to obtain and store excess energy from the power bus 13. This situation typically occurs when the load demand is lower than the output capacity of the long-term power supply module 11, resulting in a certain amount of "surplus" power. In this case, to avoid wasting excess energy, the charging and discharging module 52 will actively channel this excess power into the energy storage module 51, so that when the load demand increases or the system power demand suddenly rises in the future, power can be quickly released from the stored energy, ensuring the stable operation of the system.

[0078] The control strategy of the charging and discharging module 52 also includes dynamically adjusting the charging current value of the energy storage module 51 based on the current output current value and the maximum allowable output current value of the long-term power supply module 11. By dynamically adjusting the charging current based on the system current state, the charging and discharging module 52 ensures that the energy storage module 51 can make reasonable use of the remaining energy for charging and fully utilize the output current of the long-term power supply module 11.

[0079] As can be seen, in some embodiments of this application, the charging and discharging module 52 optimizes the energy storage process through the charging current adjustment mechanism, based on the output current of the long-term power supply module 11 and the actual needs of the power bus 13, to ensure that the system can maintain stable and efficient operation under various load conditions.

[0080] In some embodiments, adjusting the charging current value of the energy storage module 51 based on the current output current value and the maximum allowable output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 includes: reducing the charging current value of the energy storage module 51 when the current output current value is greater than the maximum allowable output current value, until the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 is reduced to below the maximum allowable output current value; and increasing the charging current value of the energy storage module 51 when the current output current value is less than the maximum allowable output current value, until the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is increased to a target output current value, and the target output current is less than the maximum allowable output current value.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, the charging / discharging module 52 dynamically adjusts the charging current to the energy storage module 51 based on the relationship between the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 and its maximum allowable output current value. The core purpose of this adjustment mechanism is to optimize the storage and distribution of electrical energy while ensuring system stability, and to avoid overload or energy waste in the power supply system.

[0082] Specifically, when the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is greater than the maximum allowable output current, it indicates that the output current of the long-term power supply module 11 has approached or exceeded its designed maximum output capacity. In this case, to avoid overloading the long-term power supply module 11 and ensure the safety of the power bus 13, the charging and discharging module 52 will automatically reduce the charging current of the energy storage module 51 until the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 drops below the maximum allowable output current. At this point, the long-term power supply module 11 can return to a safe and stable operating state.

[0083] Conversely, if the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is less than its maximum allowable output current, it means that the output capacity of the long-term power supply module 11 has not been fully utilized. In this case, the charging and discharging module 52 will appropriately increase the charging current of the energy storage module 51 to store as much excess electrical energy as possible in the energy storage module 51, achieving higher energy utilization efficiency. This process will continue until the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 increases to the target output current value, which is less than the maximum allowable output current, thereby ensuring that the charging process is both efficient and does not exceed the system's maximum current limit.

[0084] Through this adjustment mechanism, the charging / discharging module 52 achieves precise control over the energy storage process, establishing a dynamic balance between the current output current and the maximum allowable output current, ensuring safe and stable system operation under current fluctuations or load changes. This not only optimizes energy utilization efficiency but also avoids the risk of overload on the power bus 13 or damage to the long-term power supply module 11. Furthermore, this adaptive adjustment of the charging / discharging module 52 provides system flexibility, enabling rapid response and stability maintenance by adjusting the charging current in the event of load changes or power demand fluctuations.

[0085] In summary, the charging and discharging module 52 in some embodiments of this application ensures that the energy storage module 51 is charged in the optimal state by real-time monitoring and adjustment of the charging current. This not only maximizes the use of surplus power in the system, but also ensures that the system can maintain a safe operating range at all times, effectively improving the efficiency and reliability of the power system.

[0086] In some embodiments, the charging and discharging module 52 is specifically used to operate in charging mode when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 is greater than the bus current value on the power bus 13, so that the energy storage module 51 can obtain energy from the power bus 13, and adjust the charging current value for charging the energy storage module 51 according to the current charging current value and the charging current threshold.

[0087] In some embodiments, the charging / discharging module 52 intelligently adjusts the charging current based on the relationship between the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 and the bus current value of the power bus 13. Simultaneously, the charging / discharging module 52 dynamically adjusts the charging current based on the current charging current value and a charging current threshold. Specifically, the charging current value represents the magnitude of the current flowing into the energy storage module 51 during the current charging process, while the charging current threshold is a safety limit value (or the maximum charging current allowed by the charging / discharging module) set according to the system design and the maximum charging capacity of the energy storage module 51. During the charging process, the charging / discharging module 52 compares the current charging current value with the charging current threshold in real time to ensure that the charging current does not exceed this threshold, thereby preventing excessive load or damage to the energy storage module 51.

[0088] In some embodiments, adjusting the charging current value for charging the energy storage module 51 based on the current charging current value and the charging current threshold includes: when the current charging current value for charging the energy storage module 51 is greater than the charging current threshold, adjusting the charging current value for charging the energy storage module 51 to the charging current threshold or a target charging current value less than the charging current threshold.

[0089] When the charging current is below the charging current threshold, the charging / discharging module 52 can appropriately increase the charging current to maximize the charging efficiency of the energy storage module 51. When the current charging current is greater than the charging current threshold, it indicates that the current charging current has exceeded the maximum charging current that the energy storage module 51 can safely withstand. To avoid overloading or damaging the energy storage module 51, the charging / discharging module 52 will adjust the charging current to one of two conditions: the charging current threshold (i.e., the set maximum charging current limit) or a target charging current lower than the charging current threshold. The target charging current is usually set based on system operating requirements, the charging state of the energy storage module 51, and safety considerations. In this case, adjusting the charging current to either the charging current threshold or the target charging current ensures that the system does not exceed the set safety limits and prevents the energy storage module 51 from overheating or being damaged due to overcharging.

[0090] As can be seen, in some embodiments of this application, through this dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the current charging current value and the charging current threshold, the charging and discharging module 52 can ensure that the charging process is always carried out in an optimal and safe working state; it not only improves the efficiency of the energy storage process, but also effectively protects the energy storage module 51, ensuring that the power system can still operate stably and safely under load fluctuations and power changes.

[0091] As shown in Figure 7, a specific process can be as follows: During charging, the energy storage module is replenished with energy through the charging and discharging module, which comes from the long-term power supply module. The charging and discharging module analyzes the current output current of the long-term power supply module based on the voltage of the current sharing bus. Based on the current output current of the long-term power supply module and the voltage state of the current sharing bus, the charging and discharging module controls the total output current capability of the charging and discharging module and adjusts the output current value of the charging and discharging module to keep the long-term power supply module at its maximum output current. When the current output current of the long-term power supply module exceeds the maximum output current, the charging current value of the charging and discharging module is reduced. When the current output current of the long-term power supply module is lower than the maximum output current, the charging current value of the charging and discharging module is increased. When the charging current value exceeds the maximum current capability of the charging and discharging module, the charging and discharging module charges the energy storage module at its maximum current value. After charging is completed, the charging and discharging module enters the standby state.

[0092] As shown in Figure 5, in some embodiments, the peak compensation module 12 further includes a discharge module 53, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module 51 and whose output terminal is connected to the power bus 13. The discharge module 53 is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13 according to the load demand and the working state of the long-term power supply module 11.

[0093] In some embodiments of this application, the peak compensation module 12 includes a discharge module 53, which is used to determine when the energy storage module 51 is allowed to release the stored energy to the power bus 13 to support the power demand of the load, based on the load demand of the system and the operating state of the long-term power supply module 11.

[0094] Specifically, the working principle of the discharge module 53 is as follows: the input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module 51, and the energy accumulated by the energy storage module 51 in the charging mode is transferred to the power bus 13 through the discharge module 53 to provide the required energy for the load; the output terminal is connected to the power bus 13, which means that the energy from the energy storage module 51 can be released to the power bus 13 to supply the load; this release process usually occurs when the instantaneous power demand of the load exceeds the output capacity of the long-term power supply module 11, in order to make up for the additional power gap and ensure the stable operation of the load.

[0095] The discharge module 53 makes intelligent decisions based on the real-time needs of the system. When the load demand exceeds the output capacity of the long-term power supply module 11, the discharge module 53 will turn on, allowing the energy storage module 51 to release energy to meet the additional power demand. Specifically, if the instantaneous power required by the load is greater than the power provided by the long-term power supply module 11, the discharge module 53 will start working, releasing the stored energy to the power bus 13 to fill this power gap.

[0096] As shown in Figure 8, in some embodiments, the discharge module 53 includes four controllable switches and a second inductor L2; the first end of the fifth controllable switch Q5 is connected to the positive output terminal of the energy storage module 51, the second end of the fifth controllable switch Q5 is connected to the first end of the sixth controllable switch Q6 and the first end of the second inductor L2, the second end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the first end of the seventh controllable switch Q7 and the first end of the eighth controllable switch Q8, the second end of the seventh controllable switch Q7 is connected to the positive input terminal of the power bus 13, and the second end of the sixth controllable switch Q6 is connected to the second end of the eighth controllable switch Q8, the negative output terminal of the energy storage module 51, and the negative terminal of the power bus 13.

[0097] In some embodiments of this application, when the charging and discharging module 52 is operating in discharge mode and the target voltage of the energy storage module 51 is less than the voltage of the power bus 13, the fifth controllable switch Q5 and the sixth controllable switch Q6 are alternately turned on, the seventh controllable switch Q7 is turned on, and the eighth controllable switch Q8 is turned off, so that the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13.

[0098] When the charging / discharging module 52 is operating in discharge mode and the target voltage of the energy storage module 51 is greater than the voltage of the power bus 13, the fifth controllable switch Q5 is turned on, the sixth controllable switch Q6 is turned off, and the seventh controllable switch Q7 and the eighth controllable switch Q8 are turned on alternately, so that the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13.

[0099] In some embodiments, the discharge module 53 is specifically configured to turn on when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 is less than the bus current value on the power bus 13, so that the energy storage module 51 provides a first discharge current to the power bus 13 through itself; the first discharge current is determined based on the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 is less than the bus current value on the power bus 13, it indicates that the power provided by the long-term power supply module 11 is insufficient to meet the actual power demand of the bus. At this time, the discharge module 53 will be triggered to conduct, thereby allowing the energy storage module 51 to release energy to make up for this power gap.

[0101] After being switched on, the energy storage module 51 provides a first discharge current to the power bus 13 through the discharge module 53. The magnitude of the first discharge current is determined based on the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11. Specifically, the bus current value represents the actual current required on the power bus 13, while the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 represents the current it can currently provide. When there is a difference between the two, the discharge module 53 determines how much current to release based on the difference, thereby ensuring that the power bus 13 can meet the power requirements of the load.

[0102] Some embodiments of this application can dynamically balance the instantaneous power demand of the load and the output capacity of the long-term power supply module 11. By discharging the energy storage module 51, the stability and reliability of the system during peak instantaneous power demand of the load are ensured, while avoiding overload of the long-term power supply module 11 and protecting the overall operational safety and efficiency of the system.

[0103] In some embodiments, the charging and discharging module 52 is specifically used to operate in discharge mode when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 is less than the bus current value on the power bus 13, and the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value is greater than a first threshold value, so that the energy storage module 51 provides a first discharge current to the power bus 13 through the discharge module 53 and provides a second discharge current to the power bus 13 through the charging and discharging module 52; the second discharge current is determined based on the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value.

[0104] In some embodiments of this application, when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module 11 is less than the bus current value on the power bus 13, it indicates that the long-term power supply module 11 has failed to provide sufficient current to meet the load demand. Further, if the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value is greater than a first threshold, the system will activate the charging / discharging module 52. At this time, the charging / discharging module 52 will operate in discharge mode and work in conjunction with the discharge module 53 to activate two discharge circuits to provide additional energy to the power bus 13.

[0105] In discharge mode, the energy storage module 51 provides a first discharge current to the power bus 13 through the discharge module 53, and a second discharge current to the power bus 13 through the charge / discharge module 52. These two current loops operate independently and together provide energy to the bus, thereby meeting the power requirements of the load.

[0106] Through these two discharge circuits (i.e., discharge module 53 and charge / discharge module 52), the system can provide sufficient energy support in a short time. Especially when the instantaneous power demand is high, it can achieve a rapid response to fluctuations in load power demand, ensuring that the system can still provide sufficient power support when the load suddenly increases, thereby improving the stability, reliability and efficiency of the power supply system.

[0107] As shown in Figure 5, in some embodiments, the peak compensation module 12 further includes an auxiliary module 54, whose input terminal is connected to the energy storage module 51 and whose output terminal is connected to the power bus 13. The auxiliary module 54 is provided with a charging path. The auxiliary module 54 is configured to provide a charging path when the energy storage module 51 obtains energy from the power bus 13 and the charging and discharging module 52 stops working, so that the long-term power supply module 11 provides energy to the energy storage module 51 through the power bus 13 and the charging path.

[0108] In some embodiments of this application, the peak compensation module 12 also includes an auxiliary module 54, which is mainly used to ensure that the energy storage module 51 can still be charged under certain circumstances, so as to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0109] Specifically, under normal circumstances, the energy storage module 51 can obtain energy from the power bus 13 to support peak load demands or provide energy support when the output of the long-term power supply module 11 is insufficient. However, when the system malfunctions or is abnormal, the normal charging and discharging path may fail to work (e.g., the charging and discharging module 52 malfunctions or shuts down). In this case, a backup plan is needed to ensure that the energy storage module 51 can still receive the necessary charging.

[0110] That is, when the charging / discharging module 52 stops working, the auxiliary module 54 will take over. The input of the auxiliary module 54 is connected to the energy storage module 51, and the output is connected to the power bus 13. At this time, the auxiliary module 54 provides a charging path for the energy storage module 51. The long-term power supply module 11 provides energy to the energy storage module 51 through the power bus 13 and the auxiliary module 54. Specifically, the long-term power supply module 11 transfers energy to the energy storage module 51 through the power bus 13, so that even if the charging / discharging module 52 is not working, the energy storage module 51 can still continue to charge and store energy, providing backup power support for the system.

[0111] Some embodiments of this application, by adding an auxiliary module 54 to the peak compensation module 12, can still provide a charging path for the energy storage module 51 when the charging and discharging module 52 fails or stops working, ensuring that the energy storage module 51 is charged in a timely manner.

[0112] In some embodiments, the charging path in the auxiliary module 54 includes: a first path and a second path; the first end of the first path is connected to the output end of the energy storage module 51 and the first end of the second path, respectively; the second end of the first path is connected to the power bus 13 and the second end of the second path, respectively; the resistance of the first path when it is turned on is greater than the resistance of the second path when it is turned on; the first path is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module 51 obtains energy from the power bus 13, and to be turned off when its own on-time reaches a preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module 11 charges the energy storage module 51 through the power bus 13 and the first path; the second path is configured to be turned off when the first path is turned on, and to be turned on when the on-time of the first path reaches a preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module 11 charges the energy storage module 51 through the power bus 13 and the second path.

[0113] In some embodiments of this application, the charging path in the auxiliary module 54 includes a first path and a second path, which are designed to gradually charge the energy storage module 51 by using different resistance values ​​and conduction methods, so as to optimize the charging process and improve charging efficiency.

[0114] When the energy storage module 51 needs to draw energy from the power bus 13, the first path is activated first. The first path has a relatively high resistance, and its main function is to pre-charge the energy storage module 51 at a slower charging rate. This method reduces sudden current surges, avoiding impacts on the power bus 13 or the energy storage module 51, and is suitable for the initial charging phase. At this time, the charging current is small and gradually stabilizes.

[0115] The first channel will be shut down under the following two conditions: the conduction time reaches a preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a first preset value, that is, the first channel will automatically stop charging after being conducted for a fixed period of time, or when the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a preset first threshold, the first channel will automatically shut down and the charging process will enter the next stage.

[0116] When the first path is turned off, the second path will turn on. Unlike the first path, the second path has a lower resistance, thus providing a higher charging current, making it suitable for fast charging. The function of the second path is to quickly charge the energy storage module 51 with a larger current, improving charging efficiency.

[0117] The resistance of the first path is greater than that of the second path. This means that during the charging phase of the first path, the charging current is smaller, ensuring that the energy storage module 51 gradually receives electrical energy without being damaged or overloaded due to excessive current. After the second path is activated, its smaller resistance causes the current to increase rapidly, effectively increasing the charging rate and accelerating the charging of the energy storage module 51. This gradual charging method optimizes the charging process and improves efficiency while ensuring charging safety. The first path, as a pre-charging channel, helps to smoothly start the charging process, while the second path, as a fast-charging channel, ensures that the energy storage module 51 can quickly reach its operating voltage, thereby meeting the load requirements.

[0118] In summary, some embodiments of this application establish a two-stage charging process by setting up a first path and a second path and controlling the conduction and cutoff of these paths. The first path provides a smaller charging current to ensure the smoothness of the initial charging process; while the second path provides a larger charging current to improve charging efficiency and ensure that the energy storage module 51 can complete charging in a short time. This design not only optimizes the charging process but also ensures the stability and efficiency of the system under different operating conditions.

[0119] As shown in Figure 9, in some embodiments, the first path includes a first switch K1 and a first resistive element R1, and the second path includes a second switch K2; the first resistive element R1 is connected in series with the first switch K1, and the first end of the series connection is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module 51 and the first end of the second switch K2, respectively, and the second end of the series connection is connected to the power bus 13 and the second end of the second switch K2, respectively; the first switch K1 is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module 51 obtains energy from the power bus 13 and the charging / discharging module 52 stops working (the switch closing and switch turning described in the following embodiments) (This means the same thing, so I won't repeat it again), and disconnects when its own conduction time reaches a preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module 11 charges the energy storage module 51 through the power bus 13, the first switch K1 and the first resistor element R1; the second switch K2 is configured to disconnect when the first switch K1 is turned on, and turn on when the conduction time of the first switch K1 reaches a preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module 11 charges the energy storage module 51 through the power bus 13 and the second switch K2.

[0120] In some embodiments of this application, the first path includes a first switch K1 and a first resistive element R1, wherein the first resistive element R1 is connected in series with the first switch K1. This series structure ensures that the current flowing through the first resistive element R1 is limited by the resistance, guaranteeing a smooth transition during the charging process. The second path includes a second switch K2, and complements the first path during the charging process. The function of the second switch K2 is to switch according to the state of the first switch K1, ensuring that different stages of the charging process proceed through different paths.

[0121] The closing condition of the first switch K1 is as follows: when the charging / discharging module 52 stops working and the energy storage module 51 needs to obtain energy from the power bus 13, the first switch K1 closes, allowing current to flow through the first resistive element R1 to charge the energy storage module 51. The first switch K1 is opened when the closed time has reached the set maximum charging time or when the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a set threshold. This ensures that the charging process while the first switch K1 is closed occurs at a slower rate (limited by the first resistive element R1).

[0122] When the first switch K1 is closed, the second switch K2 is open, ensuring that current flows only through the first path for charging, avoiding current conflict caused by current flowing through both paths simultaneously. When the first switch K1 is open (i.e., the first path is fully charged), the second switch K2 is closed. At this time, the charging current flows to the energy storage module 51 through the second path. The design of the second path provides lower resistance, which accelerates the charging process, allowing the energy storage module 51 to complete charging quickly. As shown in Figure 9, the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 can be controlled by the switching unit control module.

[0123] In some embodiments of this application, the presence of the first resistive element R1 limits the initial charging current to a small value. This helps to avoid damage to the battery caused by overcharging in the early stages of charging, ensuring that the energy storage module 51 receives electrical energy smoothly. Once the first path completes the initial charging, the second path begins to provide a larger charging current to quickly complete the remaining charging task. This staged charging method can improve charging efficiency and reduce the risk of overcharging the battery.

[0124] In some embodiments, the second switch K2 is specifically used to be disconnected when the first switch K1 is turned on, turned on and operates in the linear region when the conduction time of the first switch K1 reaches a preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a first preset value, and operates in the amplification region when the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches a second preset value; the second preset value is greater than the first preset value and less than the voltage on the power bus 13.

[0125] In some embodiments, when the second switch K2 is closed, it initially operates in the linear region. In the linear region, the increase in charging current is linear, meaning the charging current increases gradually over time, avoiding sudden changes in charging current and reducing the burden on the battery and circuitry. The current increment is slow and controllable, suitable for providing stable power replenishment to the energy storage module 51. When the voltage of the energy storage module 51 continues to increase and reaches a set second preset value, the operating mode of the second switch K2 switches to the amplification region. At this time, the second switch K2 will be able to support a larger charging current, further accelerating the charging process. The second preset value is greater than the first preset value but less than the voltage on the power bus 13. This setting ensures that the voltage difference during charging is not too large, avoiding instability caused by high current surges.

[0126] During charging, a large inrush current may be generated due to the voltage difference between the power bus 13 and the energy storage module 51. By designing the second switch K2 to operate in a gradual transition mode, especially when operating in the linear region, the second switch K2 can control the current to increase gradually, avoiding sudden inrush currents caused by excessive voltage differences. Near the end of the charging process, the amplification region can provide rapid charging with a larger current, while the inrush current is still effectively controlled due to the gradual transition of the voltage difference.

[0127] The first preset value is set to a relatively low voltage. When the voltage of the energy storage module 51 reaches this value, the second switch K2 starts working to perform linear charging with a low current. This avoids excessive current surges during the initial charging of the battery, protecting it from damage. The second preset value is set higher than the first preset value but lower than the voltage of the power bus 13, allowing for a smooth transition during charging when the battery voltage approaches the power supply voltage, avoiding sudden release of large currents. This setting prevents inrush currents caused by charging too quickly when the battery voltage is still far below the power supply voltage.

[0128] In some embodiments of this application, through this progressive operating mode design, the second switch K2 ensures that the current gradually increases during the charging process without generating excessive current fluctuations at different stages of charging. The transition from the first preset value to the second preset value allows the charging current to gradually increase, while reducing excessive current in the initial stage of charging and potential current surges during the later rapid charging process.

[0129] As shown in Figure 10, the switching unit control module may include a K1 drive unit (for driving K1), a K2 drive unit (for driving K2), a K3 drive unit (for driving K3), an energy storage module voltage detection unit (for detecting the voltage of the energy storage module 51), an energy storage module port current detection unit (for detecting the port current of the energy storage module 51), a power bus 13 voltage detection unit (for detecting the voltage of the power bus 13), and a communication module (for communicating with other modules).

[0130] As shown in Figure 11, a specific workflow is as follows: The communication module communicates with the fault management module in real time to transmit the fault status of the charging and discharging modules and the discharging module; when an abnormality is detected in the charging and discharging module, the K1 drive unit controls the K1 to close, and the energy storage module is charged through K1 and R1 in the auxiliary module. Through the voltage detection of the energy storage module and the voltage detection of the power bus, when the voltage difference between the energy storage module and the power bus is less than the difference threshold, the K2 drive unit controls the K2 to close and detects the port current of the energy storage module. First, K2 is controlled to work in the linear region, and then K2 is gradually controlled to work in the amplification region. When K2 is working in the amplification region, the energy storage module directly charges the power bus through K2.

[0131] In some embodiments, the auxiliary module 54 is further provided with a discharge path, and the auxiliary module 54 is further configured to provide a discharge path when the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13 and the discharge module 53 stops working, so that the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13 through the discharge path.

[0132] If the discharge module 53 in the system fails to function properly due to a fault or other reasons, this will typically result in the inability to supply energy from the energy storage module 51 to the power bus 13 through the discharge module 53.

[0133] In some embodiments of this application, to ensure continuous power supply to the power bus 13, in the event of a failure of the discharge module 53, the auxiliary module 54 provides a backup discharge path, thereby enabling energy transfer from the energy storage module 51 to the power bus 13. That is, the function of the auxiliary module 54 is extended to provide a discharge path under specific circumstances, ensuring that even when the discharge module 53 stops working (e.g., due to a fault or abnormality), the energy storage module 51 can still provide energy to the power bus 13 through other means. When the discharge module 53 stops working, the discharge path of the auxiliary module 54 takes over this function, ensuring that energy flows from the energy storage module 51 to the power bus 13 without affecting the stability of the power system.

[0134] In this scenario, the energy storage module 51 remains operational and is ready to provide the necessary energy to the power bus 13. When the discharge module 53 stops operating, the discharge path provided by the auxiliary module 54 ensures that the system can continue to supply energy even without the discharge module 53.

[0135] To ensure the stability and safety of energy transmission, the discharge path may be equipped with overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and other measures to prevent abnormal current or voltage fluctuations during the discharge process.

[0136] The auxiliary module 54 adds a redundancy mechanism to the system, ensuring that even if a critical component such as the discharge module 53 fails, the system's power supply can still function normally. This redundancy design avoids power outages or instability caused by the failure of a single component, greatly enhancing the overall reliability of the system.

[0137] In some embodiments, the discharge path in the auxiliary module 54 includes a third path, the input of which is connected to the output of the energy storage module 51 and the output of which is connected to the power bus 13. The third path is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13 and the discharge module 53 stops working.

[0138] In some embodiments, the discharge path of the auxiliary module 54 includes a third path. This path is designed to ensure that when the discharge module 53 stops working, the necessary energy can be supplied from the energy storage module 51 to the power bus 13 through this path, thereby maintaining the normal operation of the system.

[0139] The third path ensures that the energy storage module 51 continues to supply energy to the power bus 13 when the discharge module 53 stops working. This path enhances system reliability by providing a backup energy transmission path, preventing power outages due to discharge module 53 failure.

[0140] The third path can be the same as the second path mentioned in the above embodiments. Specifically, in the latter half of the charging phase, this path charges the energy storage module 51, while in the discharging phase, it provides energy to the power bus 13. In this way, the path plays multiple roles in the system design, serving as both a charging and discharging circuit, further simplifying the circuit design.

[0141] In some embodiments of this application, the design of the third path enables the system to quickly switch to the backup path in the event of a failure in the discharge module 53, ensuring that the system can maintain power supply at critical moments and avoiding shutdowns or instability. This redundancy design effectively improves the reliability and fault tolerance of the system.

[0142] As shown in Figure 9, in some embodiments, the third path includes a third switch, the first end of which is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module 51, and the second end of which is connected to the power bus 13. The third switch is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13 and the discharge module 53 stops working.

[0143] In some embodiments of this application, the third path includes a third switch (in one specific embodiment, the third switch and the second switch K2 are the same switch). The function of the third switch is to ensure that the energy storage module 51 can continue to provide energy to the power bus 13 when the discharge module 53 stops working. When an abnormal stop of the discharge module 53 is detected, the third switch will automatically close, forming an effective current path, allowing the energy storage module 51 to supply power to the power bus 13 through the third path, ensuring the normal operation of the system and avoiding power supply interruption due to the failure of the discharge module 53.

[0144] In some embodiments, the auxiliary module 54 further includes an energy release circuit, the input of which is connected to the output of the energy storage module 51 and the output of which is connected to the power bus 13. The energy release circuit is configured to conduct when the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is zero and the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13 through the discharge path or the discharge module 53, and the load connected to the power bus 13 completes a preset task, until the voltage of the energy storage module 51 is less than a voltage threshold.

[0145] In some embodiments of this application, the auxiliary module 54 further includes an energy release circuit, the input of which is connected to the output of the energy storage module 51, and the output of which is connected to the power bus 13. The function of the energy release circuit is to allow the energy storage module 51 to release its remaining energy to the power bus 13 under specific conditions. Specifically, when the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is zero, and the energy storage module 51 has already provided energy to the power bus 13 through the discharge path or the discharge module 53, if the load connected to the power bus 13 has completed its preset task (e.g., the load demand has been met), and there is a demand for energy release from the energy storage module, the energy release circuit will be activated to release the remaining electrical energy of the energy storage module 51 until the voltage of the energy storage module 51 drops below a set voltage threshold.

[0146] As shown in Figure 9, in some embodiments, the energy release circuit includes a second resistor element R2 and a fourth switch K3; the first end of the second resistor element R2 is connected to the output end of the energy storage module 51, the second end of the second resistor element R2 is connected to the first end of the fourth switch K3, and the second end of the fourth switch K3 is connected to the power bus 13; the fourth switch K3 is configured to be turned on when the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is zero and the energy storage module 51 provides energy to the power bus 13 through the discharge path or the discharge module 53, and the load connected to the power bus 13 completes the preset task, until the voltage of the energy storage module 51 is less than the voltage threshold.

[0147] In some embodiments of this application, the energy release circuit includes a second resistive element R2 and a fourth switch K3, which are used to release the remaining energy and, under certain conditions, release the energy from the energy storage module 51 to the power bus 13.

[0148] The second resistor R2 ensures that energy is gradually released through the resistor when the energy storage module 51 has remaining energy. The main function of the fourth switch K3 is to control the timing of energy release. It closes when the current output current of the long-term power supply module 11 is zero and the energy storage module 51 has already supplied energy to the power bus 13 through the discharge path or the discharge module 53. At this time, if the load connected to the power bus 13 has completed its preset task (e.g., the load no longer needs power or the work is completed), the fourth switch K3 will close, and the remaining energy will begin to be released through the second resistor R2.

[0149] When the voltage of the energy storage module 51 drops below the preset voltage threshold, the fourth switch K3 will automatically disconnect, stop releasing energy, prevent over-discharge, and thus protect the energy storage module 51 from damage.

[0150] Some embodiments of this application can safely release excess electrical energy after the load has completed its task, optimizing overall energy efficiency and system operational safety.

[0151] As shown in Figure 12, a specific process is as follows: The communication module communicates with the fault management module in real time to transmit the fault status of the charging and discharging module and the discharging module; when both the charging and discharging module and the discharging module are detected to be abnormal, the voltage of the energy storage module is detected to be less than the voltage difference of the power bus, and the voltage difference between the two is not less than 0.1V (this is just a specific embodiment and is not limited to this implementation method); the K1 drive unit controls K1 to close, slowly charging the energy storage module; when the voltage difference between the energy storage module and the power bus is less than 0.1V, K2 is controlled to close, and K2 first operates in the linear region and then in the amplification region; when the voltage of the energy storage module is higher than the voltage of the power bus, the K3 drive unit controls K3 to close, slowly discharging the energy storage module; when the voltage difference between the energy storage module and the power bus is less than 0.1V, K2 is controlled to close, and K2 first operates in the linear region and then in the amplification region; when K2 is fully turned on, the energy storage module directly discharges to the power bus through K2.

[0152] As shown in Figure 13, the process of releasing energy from the energy storage module 51 is as follows: When power is lost, a system shutdown signal is detected; the discharge module is activated, and all energy is provided by the energy storage module; the energy storage module releases energy to the power bus through the discharge module to ensure the working requirements of all loads in the cabinet when powered off; when power is lost, all tasks of the loads are completed, and the energy storage module still has energy; K2 is disconnected, and K1 is disconnected at the same time; K3 is closed; the energy storage module is discharged through R2; the energy storage module automatically shuts down when the voltage of the energy storage module is lower than the threshold.

[0153] As shown in Figure 5, in some embodiments, the peak compensation module 12 further includes a fault management module 55, whose input terminal is connected to the energy storage module 51, and whose output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the charging and discharging module 52, the input terminal of the discharging module 53, and the input terminal of the auxiliary module 54, respectively. The fault management module 55 is configured to disconnect the connection between its own input terminal and its own output terminal when the energy storage module 51, the charging and discharging module 52, the discharging module 53, or the auxiliary module 54 is abnormal.

[0154] In some embodiments of this application, the peak compensation module 12 further includes a fault management module 55, which monitors the various sub-modules in the system for faults and takes corresponding protective measures when an anomaly occurs to ensure the stability and safety of the system. The fault management module 55 monitors the operating status of the energy storage module 51 in real time. If an anomaly is detected in the energy storage module 51 (such as overvoltage, overcurrent, or overtemperature), the fault management module 55 can respond promptly and take disconnection measures to prevent the fault from spreading or affecting the safe operation of the entire system.

[0155] The fault management module 55 promptly disconnects from the charging / discharging module 52 or discharging module 53 when they malfunction, or from the auxiliary module 54 when it malfunctions. When the charging / discharging module 52, discharging module 53, or auxiliary module 54 malfunctions (e.g., the charging / discharging module 52 fails to function properly, the discharging module 53 fails to function properly, or the auxiliary module 54 experiences a short circuit or open circuit), the fault management module 55 automatically disconnects from the system to prevent the fault from spreading and ensure that other parts of the system are not affected.

[0156] The fault management module 55 ensures the stable operation of key components such as the energy storage module 51, the charging and discharging module 52, and the auxiliary module 54 through real-time monitoring and timely response. In the event of an anomaly, it immediately disconnects the connection between its input and output terminals, thereby achieving rapid protection and preventing the fault from spreading to other system parts or affecting the normal operation of the entire system.

[0157] Secondly, this application provides a server, including the power supply circuit described above.

[0158] For further details regarding the server, please refer to the above embodiments; this application will not repeat them here.

[0159] Thirdly, this application provides a timing control method applied to the aforementioned power supply circuit. The timing control method includes: controlling a long-term power supply module to transform the power supply on the input bus according to the load demand of the power bus, so as to provide energy to the power bus; obtaining the operating state of the long-term power supply module; and controlling a peak compensation module to provide energy to the power bus or obtain energy from the power bus according to the load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module.

[0160] In some embodiments, according to load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module, controlling the peak compensation module to provide energy to the power bus or obtain energy from the power bus includes: controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in a discharging mode to enable the energy storage module to provide energy to the power bus; or controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in a charging mode to enable the energy storage module to obtain energy from the power bus.

[0161] In some embodiments, controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in charging mode so that the energy storage module can obtain energy from the power bus includes: controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in charging mode so that the energy storage module can obtain energy from the power bus when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is greater than the bus current value on the power bus; and adjusting the charging current value of the energy storage module according to the current output current value and the maximum allowable output current value of the long-term power supply module.

[0162] In some embodiments, adjusting the charging current value of the energy storage module based on the current output current value and the maximum allowable output current value of the long-term power supply module includes: reducing the charging current value of the energy storage module when the current output current value is greater than the maximum allowable output current value, until the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is reduced to below the maximum allowable output current value; and increasing the charging current value of the energy storage module when the current output current value is less than the maximum allowable output current value, until the current output current of the long-term power supply module is increased to a target output current value, where the target output current is less than the maximum allowable output current value.

[0163] In some embodiments, controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in charging mode so that the energy storage module can obtain energy from the power bus includes: controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in charging mode so that the energy storage module can obtain energy from the power bus when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is greater than the bus current value on the power bus; and adjusting the charging current value for charging the energy storage module according to the current charging current value for charging the energy storage module and a charging current threshold.

[0164] In some embodiments, adjusting the charging current value for charging the energy storage module based on the current charging current value and the charging current threshold includes: when the current charging current value for charging the energy storage module is greater than the charging current threshold, adjusting the charging current value for charging the energy storage module to the charging current threshold or a target charging current value less than the charging current threshold.

[0165] In some embodiments, according to load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module, controlling the peak compensation module to provide energy to the power bus includes: when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is less than the bus current value on the power bus, determining a first discharge current based on the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value; controlling the discharge module to be turned on so that the energy storage module provides the first discharge current to the power bus through the discharge module.

[0166] In some embodiments, controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in a discharge mode so that the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus includes: controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in a discharge mode when the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is less than the bus current value on the power bus and the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value is greater than a first threshold; determining a second discharge current based on the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value and a first discharge current; and controlling the energy storage module to provide the second discharge current to the power bus through the charging and discharging module.

[0167] For a description of the timing control method, please refer to the above embodiments; this application will not repeat it here.

[0168] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit, characterized in that, Applied to servers, including: A power bus whose output end is connected to a load, the power bus being configured to provide energy to the load; The long-term power supply module has its input terminal connected to the input bus and its output terminal connected to the power bus. The long-term power supply module is configured to transform the power on the input bus according to the load demand on the power bus, so as to provide energy to the power bus. A peak compensation module, the output of which is connected to the power bus, is configured to provide energy to the power bus or obtain energy from the power bus according to the load demand and the operating status of the long-term power supply module.

2. The power supply circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The peak compensation module includes: Energy storage module, configured to store energy; The charging and discharging module has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module and its output terminal connected to the power bus. The charging and discharging module is configured to operate in a discharging mode to provide energy to the power bus, or to operate in a charging mode to obtain energy from the power bus, depending on the load demand and the operating state of the long-term power supply module.

3. The power supply circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The charging and discharging module includes four controllable switches and a first inductor; The first terminal of the first controllable switch is connected to the positive output terminal of the energy storage module. The second terminal of the first controllable switch is connected to the first terminal of the second controllable switch and the first terminal of the first inductor. The second terminal of the first inductor is connected to the first terminal of the third controllable switch and the first terminal of the fourth controllable switch. The second terminal of the third controllable switch is connected to the positive input terminal of the power bus. The second terminal of the second controllable switch is connected to the second terminal of the fourth controllable switch, the negative output terminal of the energy storage module, and the negative input terminal of the power bus.

4. The power supply circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The peak compensation module also includes: The discharge module has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module and its output terminal connected to the power bus. The discharge module is configured to turn on when the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus based on the load demand and the working state of the long-term power supply module.

5. The power supply circuit as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The discharge module includes four controllable switches and a second inductor; The first terminal of the fifth controllable switch is connected to the positive output terminal of the energy storage module. The second terminal of the fifth controllable switch is connected to the first terminal of the sixth controllable switch and the first terminal of the second inductor. The second terminal of the second inductor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh controllable switch and the first terminal of the eighth controllable switch. The second terminal of the seventh controllable switch is connected to the positive input terminal of the power bus. The second terminal of the sixth controllable switch is connected to the second terminal of the eighth controllable switch, the negative output terminal of the energy storage module, and the negative input terminal of the power bus.

6. The power supply circuit as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The peak compensation module also includes: An auxiliary module has its input end connected to the energy storage module and its output end connected to the power bus. The auxiliary module is provided with a charging path. The auxiliary module is configured to provide energy to the energy storage module through the power bus and the charging / discharging module when the energy storage module obtains energy from the power bus and the charging / discharging module stops working.

7. The power supply circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The charging path in the auxiliary module includes: a first path and a second path; The first end of the first path is connected to the output end of the energy storage module and the first end of the second path, respectively. The second end of the first path is connected to the power bus and the second end of the second path, respectively. The resistance of the first path when it is turned on is greater than the resistance of the second path when it is turned on. The first path is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module obtains energy from the power bus, and to be turned off when its own on-time reaches a preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module reaches a first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module can charge the energy storage module through the power bus and the first path. The second path is configured to be cut off when the first path is turned on, and turned on when the first path is turned on for a preset time or when the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module can charge the energy storage module through the power bus and the second path.

8. The power supply circuit as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first path includes a first switch and a first resistive element, and the second path includes a second switch; The first resistive element is connected in series with the first switch, and the first end of the series connection is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module and the first end of the second switch, respectively, and the second end of the series connection is connected to the power bus and the second end of the second switch, respectively. The first switch is configured to turn on when the energy storage module obtains energy from the power bus and the charging and discharging module stops working, and to turn off when its own on-time reaches the preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module charges the energy storage module through the power bus, the first switch and the first resistive element; The second switch is configured to be disconnected when the first switch is turned on, and to be turned on when the on time of the first switch reaches the preset time or the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the first preset value, so that the long-term power supply module charges the energy storage module through the power bus and the second switch.

9. The power supply circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The auxiliary module is also provided with a discharge path, and the auxiliary module is further configured to provide energy to the power bus through the discharge path when the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus and the discharge module stops working.

10. The power supply circuit as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The discharge path in the auxiliary module includes a third path, the input of which is connected to the output of the energy storage module and the output of which is connected to the power bus. The third path is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus and the discharge module stops working.

11. The power supply circuit as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The third path includes a third switch, the first end of which is connected to the output end of the energy storage module, and the second end of which is connected to the power bus. The third switch is configured to be turned on when the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus and the discharge module stops working.

12. The power supply circuit as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The auxiliary module also includes: An energy release circuit is configured such that its input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module and its output terminal is connected to the power bus. The energy release circuit is configured to conduct if the load connected to the power bus completes a preset task after the current output current of the long-term power supply module is zero and the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus through the discharge path or the discharge module, until the voltage of the energy storage module is less than a voltage threshold.

13. The power supply circuit as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The energy release circuit includes a second resistive element and a fourth switch; The first end of the second resistor element is connected to the output end of the energy storage module, the second end of the second resistor element is connected to the first end of the fourth switch, and the second end of the fourth switch is connected to the power bus. The fourth switch is configured to be turned on when the current output current of the long-term power supply module is zero and the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus through the discharge path or the discharge module, and the load connected to the power bus completes a preset task, until the voltage of the energy storage module is less than a voltage threshold.

14. The power supply circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The peak compensation module also includes: The fault management module has its input end connected to the energy storage module, and its output end connected to the input end of the charging / discharging module, the input end of the discharging module, and the input end of the auxiliary module, respectively. The fault management module is configured to disconnect the connection between its own input end and its own output end when the energy storage module, the charging / discharging module, the discharging module, or the auxiliary module malfunctions.

15. The power supply circuit as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The number of input buses is at least two, and the long-term power supply module includes: Multiple power modules, each power module's output terminal is connected to the power bus, and each power module is configured to transform the power on the input bus according to the load demand on the power bus, so as to provide energy to the power bus; A bus switching module, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of each of the input buses, and the output terminal of which is connected to the input terminal of each of the power supply modules, the bus switching module being configured to control at most one of the input buses that meets preset requirements to be connected to the power supply module.

16. The power supply circuit as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The bus switching module includes: A detection module, the input of which is connected to the output of each of the input buses, is configured to detect the power status of each of the input buses and send all the power statuses to the switching control module. The switching control module has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the detection module and its output terminal connected to the control terminal of the switching switch. The switching control module is configured to select at most one input bus with normal power status as the target input bus according to all the power statuses and send a switch control signal to the switching switch. The switching switch has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of each of the input buses, and its output terminal connected to the input terminal of the power module. The switching switch is configured to connect the target input bus to the power module according to the switching control signal.

17. The power supply circuit as described in claim 16, characterized in that, Also includes: A supporting energy source has its output terminals connected to the output terminal of the switching switch and the input terminal of the power bus, respectively. The supporting energy source is configured to provide energy to the power module when the switching switch switches the target input bus to a new target input bus.

18. A server, characterized in that, Includes the power supply circuit as described in any one of claims 1-17.

19. A timing control method, characterized in that, Applied to a power supply circuit as described in any one of claims 1-17, the timing control method includes: The long-term power supply module is controlled to transform the power supply on the input bus according to the load demand of the power bus, so as to provide energy to the power bus. Obtain the operating status of the long-term power supply module; Based on the load demand and the operating status of the long-term power supply module, the peak compensation module is controlled to provide energy to the power bus or obtain energy from the power bus.

20. The timing control method as described in claim 19, characterized in that, Based on the load demand and the operating status of the long-term power supply module, control the peak compensation module to provide energy to the power bus, or to obtain energy from the power bus, including: Based on the load demand and the working state of the long-term power supply module, the charging and discharging module is controlled to work in the discharging mode so that the energy storage module can provide energy to the power bus. Alternatively, the charging / discharging module can be controlled to operate in charging mode so that the energy storage module can obtain energy from the power bus.

21. The timing control method as described in claim 20, characterized in that, Controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in charging mode so that the energy storage module obtains energy from the power bus includes: When the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is greater than the bus current value on the power bus, the charging and discharging module is controlled to operate in the charging mode so that the energy storage module can obtain energy from the power bus. The charging current value for charging the energy storage module is adjusted based on the current output current value and the maximum allowable output current value of the long-term power supply module.

22. The timing control method as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The charging current value for charging the energy storage module is adjusted based on the current output current value and the maximum allowable output current value of the long-term power supply module, including: When the current output current value is greater than the maximum allowable output current value, the charging current value for charging the energy storage module is reduced until the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is reduced to below the maximum allowable output current value. When the current output current value is less than the maximum allowable output current value, the charging current value for charging the energy storage module is increased until the current output current of the long-term power supply module increases to the target output current value, which is less than the maximum allowable output current value.

23. The timing control method as described in claim 20, characterized in that, Controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in charging mode so that the energy storage module obtains energy from the power bus includes: When the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is greater than the bus current value on the power bus, the charging and discharging module is controlled to operate in the charging mode so that the energy storage module can obtain energy from the power bus. The charging current value for charging the energy storage module is adjusted based on the current charging current value and the charging current threshold value.

24. The timing control method as described in claim 23, characterized in that, The charging current value for charging the energy storage module is adjusted based on the current charging current value and the charging current threshold, including: When the current charging current value of the energy storage module is greater than the charging current threshold, the charging current value of the energy storage module is adjusted to the charging current threshold or a target charging current value that is less than the charging current threshold.

25. The timing control method as described in claim 20, characterized in that, Based on the load demand and the operating status of the long-term power supply module, control the peak compensation module to provide energy to the power bus, including: When the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is less than the bus current value on the power supply bus, the first discharge current is determined based on the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value. The discharge module is turned on so that the energy storage module provides the first discharge current to the power bus through the discharge module.

26. The timing control method as described in claim 25, characterized in that, Controlling the charging and discharging module to operate in discharge mode so that the energy storage module provides energy to the power bus includes: When the current output current value of the long-term power supply module is less than the bus current value on the power bus, and the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value is greater than a first threshold, the charging and discharging module is controlled to operate in the discharging mode. The second discharge current is determined based on the difference between the bus current value and the current output current value, and the first discharge current. The energy storage module is controlled to supply the second discharge current to the power bus through the charging and discharging module.

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