Method and apparatus of ALF with fusion and using LUMA correction terms for chroma in video coding
By blending correction terms with the ALF correction term, the method addresses the challenge of suboptimal chroma reconstruction in VVC, achieving enhanced coding performance and quality in video coding systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing video coding systems, particularly in versatile video coding (VVC), face challenges in effectively enhancing coding performance for chroma components due to insufficient adaptive loop filtering methods, leading to suboptimal reconstruction quality.
A method and apparatus that blends one or more correction terms with the Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) correction term, including processes like Fixed Filtering, Cross-Component ALF, Cross-Component Model, Temporal ALF, and Neural-Network-Based Loop Filtering, to improve chroma reconstruction by using luma ALF correction terms.
Enhances coding performance by refining reconstruction quality through a weighted fusion of correction terms, resulting in improved video coding efficiency and quality.
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Figure CN2026071849_23072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS OF ALF WITH FUSION AND USING LUMA CORRECTION TERMS FOR CHROMA IN VIDEO CODINGCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present invention is a non-Provisional Application of and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 744, 901, filed on January 14, 2025. The U.S. Provisional Patent Application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to video coding system using ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) . In particular, the present invention discloses a scheme to improve the coding performance by blending one or more correction terms with the ALF correction term. Also, a scheme is disclosed to improve the coding performance by using a luma ALF correction term for the chroma reconstruction. BACKGROUND AND RELATED ART
[0003] Versatile video coding (VVC) is the latest international video coding standard developed by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO / IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) . The standard has been published as an ISO standard: ISO / IEC 23090-3: 2021, Information technology -Coded representation of immersive media -Part 3: Versatile video coding, published Feb. 2021. VVC is developed based on its predecessor HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) by adding more coding tools to improve coding efficiency and also to handle various types of video sources including 3-dimensional (3D) video signals.
[0004] Fig. 1A illustrates an exemplary adaptive Inter / Intra video encoding system incorporating loop processing. For Intra Prediction, the prediction data is derived based on previously coded video data in the current picture. For Inter Prediction 112, Motion Estimation (ME) is performed at the encoder side and Motion Compensation (MC) is performed based on the result of ME to provide prediction data derived from other picture (s) and motion data. Switch 114 selects Intra Prediction 110 or Inter-Prediction 112 and the selected prediction data is supplied to Adder 116 to form prediction errors, also called residues. The prediction error is then processed by Transform (T) 118 followed by Quantization (Q) 120. The transformed and quantized residues are then coded by Entropy Encoder 122 to be included in a video bitstream corresponding to the compressed video data. The bitstream associated with the transform coefficients is then packed with side information such as motion and coding modes associated with Intra prediction and Inter prediction, and other information such as parameters associated with loop filters applied to underlying image area. The side information associated with Intra Prediction 110, Inter prediction 112 and in-loop filter 130, are provided to Entropy Encoder 122 as shown in Fig. 1A. When an Inter-prediction mode is used, a reference picture or pictures have to be reconstructed at the encoder end as well. Consequently, the transformed and quantized residues are processed by Inverse Quantization (IQ) 124 and Inverse Transformation (IT) 126 to recover the residues. The residues are then added back to prediction data 136 at Reconstruction (REC) 128 to reconstruct video data. The reconstructed video data may be stored in Reference Picture Buffer 134 and used for prediction of other frames.
[0005] As shown in Fig. 1A, incoming video data undergoes a series of processing in the encoding system. The reconstructed video data from REC 128 may be subject to various impairments due to a series of processing. Accordingly, in-loop filter 130 is often applied to the reconstructed video data before the reconstructed video data are stored in the Reference Picture Buffer 134 in order to improve video quality. For example, deblocking filter (DF) , Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) and Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) may be used. The loop filter information may need to be incorporated in the bitstream so that a decoder can properly recover the required information. Therefore, loop filter information is also provided to Entropy Encoder 122 for incorporation into the bitstream. In Fig. 1A, Loop filter 130 is applied to the reconstructed video before the reconstructed samples are stored in the reference picture buffer 134. The system in Fig. 1A is intended to illustrate an exemplary structure of a typical video encoder. It may correspond to the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) system, VP8, VP9, H. 264 or VVC.
[0006] The decoder, as shown in Fig. 1B, can use similar or portion of the same functional blocks as the encoder except for Transform 118 and Quantization 120 since the decoder only needs Inverse Quantization 124 and Inverse Transform 126. Instead of Entropy Encoder 122, the decoder uses an Entropy Decoder 140 to decode the video bitstream into quantized transform coefficients and needed coding information (e.g. ILPF information, Intra prediction information and Inter prediction information) . The Intra prediction 150 at the decoder side does not need to perform the mode search. Instead, the decoder only needs to generate Intra prediction according to Intra prediction information received from the Entropy Decoder 140. Furthermore, for Inter prediction, the decoder only needs to perform motion compensation (MC 152) according to Inter prediction information received from the Entropy Decoder 140 without the need for motion estimation.
[0007] According to VVC, an input picture is partitioned into non-overlapped square block regions referred as CTUs (Coding Tree Units) , similar to HEVC. Each CTU can be partitioned into one or multiple smaller size coding units (CUs) . The resulting CU partitions can be in square or rectangular shapes. Also, VVC divides a CTU into prediction units (PUs) as a unit to apply prediction process, such as Inter prediction, Intra prediction, etc.
[0008] Adaptive Loop Filter in VVC
[0009] In VVC, an Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) with block-based filter adaption is applied. For the luma component, one filter is selected among 25 filters for each 4×4 block, based on the direction and activity of local gradients.
[0010] 1. Filter shape
[0011] Two diamond filter shapes (as shown in Fig. 2) are used. The 7×7 diamond shape 220 is applied for luma component and the 5×5 diamond shape 210 is applied for the chroma components.
[0012] 2. Block classification and geometric transformation
[0013] For luma component, each 4×4 block is categorized into one out of 25 classes. Before filtering each 4×4 luma block, geometric transformations such as rotation or diagonal and vertical flipping are applied to the filter coefficients f (k, l) and to the corresponding filter clipping values c (k, l) depending on gradient values calculated for that block. This is equivalent to applying these transformations to the samples in the filter support region. The idea is to make different blocks to which ALF is applied more similar by aligning their directionality.
[0014] For chroma components in a picture, no classification method is applied.
[0015] More details could be found in VVC specification section 8.8.5.3.
[0016] 3. Filtering process
[0017] At decoder side, when ALF is enabled for a CTB, each sample R (i, j) within the CU is filtered, resulting in sample value R′ (i, j) as shown below, where f (k, l) denotes the decoded filter coefficients, K (x, y) is the clipping function and c (k, l) denotes the decoded clipping parameters. The variable k and l varies between –L / 2 and L / 2, where L denotes the filter length. The clipping function K (x, y) =min (y, max (-y, x) ) which corresponds to the function Clip3 (-y, y, x) . The clipping operation introduces non-linearity to make ALF more efficient by reducing the impact of neighbour sample values that are too different with the current sample value.
[0018] 4. Cross component adaptive loop filter
[0019] CC-ALF uses luma sample values to refine each chroma component by applying an adaptive, linear filter to the luma channel and then using the output of this filtering operation for chroma refinement. Fig. 3A provides a system level diagram of the CC-ALF process with respect to the SAO, luma ALF and chroma ALF processes. As shown in Fig. 3A, each colour component (i.e., Y, Cb and Cr) is processed by its respective SAO (i.e., SAO Luma 310, SAO Cb 312 and SAO Cr 314) . After SAO, ALF Luma 320 is applied to the SAO-processed luma and ALF Chroma 330 is applied to SAO-processed Cb and Cr. However, there is a cross-component term from luma to a chroma component (i.e., CC-ALF Cb 322 and CC-ALF Cr 324) . The outputs from the cross-component ALF are added (using adders 332 and 334 respectively) to the outputs from ALF Chroma 330.
[0020] Filtering in CC-ALF is accomplished by applying a linear, diamond shaped filter (e.g. filters 340 and 342 in Fig. 3B) to the luma channel. In Fig. 3B, a blank circle indicates a luma sample and a dot-filled circle indicate a chroma sample. One filter is used for each chroma channel, and the operation is expressed as: where (x, y) is chroma component i location being refined, (xY, yY) is the luma location based on (x,y) , Si is filter support area in luma component, and ci (x0, y0) represents the filter coefficients.
[0021] As shown in Fig, 3B, the luma filter support is the region collocated with the current chroma sample after accounting for the spatial scaling factor between the luma and chroma planes. In Fig. 3B, circles represent luma samples, while dotted circles represent chroma samples being refined.
[0022] 5. Filter parameters signalling
[0023] ALF filter parameters are signalled in Adaptation Parameter Set (APS) . In one APS, up to 25 sets of luma filter coefficients and clipping value indexes, and up to eight sets of chroma filter coefficients and clipping value indexes can be signalled. To reduce bits overhead, filter coefficients of different classification for luma component can be merged. In slice header, the indices of the APSs used for the current slice are signalled.
[0024] Clipping value indexes, which are decoded from the APS, allow determining clipping values using a table of clipping values for both the luma and chroma components. These clipping values are dependent of the internal bit-depth. More precisely, the clipping values are obtained by the following formula: AlfClip= {round (2B-α*n ) for n∈ [0.. N-1] } with B equal to the internal bitdepth, α is a pre-defined constant value equal to 2.35, and N equal to 4 which is the number of allowed clipping values in VVC. The AlfClip is then rounded to the nearest value with the format of power of 2.
[0025] In slice header, up to 7 APS indices can be signalled to specify the luma filter sets that are used for the current slice. The filtering process can be further controlled at CTB level. A flag is always signalled to indicate whether ALF is applied to a luma CTB. A luma CTB can choose a filter set among 16 fixed filter sets and the filter sets from APSs. A filter set index is signalled for a luma CTB to indicate which filter set is applied. The 16 fixed filter sets are pre-defined and hard-coded in both the encoder and the decoder.
[0026] For the chroma component, an APS index is signalled in slice header to indicate the chroma filter sets being used for the current slice. At CTB level, a filter index is signalled for each chroma CTB if there is more than one chroma filter set in the APS.
[0027] The filter coefficients are quantized with norm equal to 128. In order to restrict the multiplication complexity, a bitstream conformance is applied so that the coefficient value of the non-central position shall be in the range of -27 to 27 -1, inclusive. The central position coefficient is not signalled in the bitstream and is considered as equal to 128.
[0028] Adaptive Loop Filter in ECM
[0029] In ECM8 (Muhammed Coban, et al., “Algorithm description of Enhanced Compression Model 8 (ECM 8) ” , Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG 16 WP 3 and ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 29) , 29th Meeting, by teleconference, 11–20 January 2023, Document: JVET-AC2025) , some changes from the VVC ALF are disclosed. A brief overview is shown below.
[0030] 1. ALF simplification removal
[0031] ALF gradient subsampling and ALF virtual boundary processing are removed. Block size for classification is reduced from 4x4 to 2x2. Filter size for both the luma and chroma, for which ALF coefficients are signalled, is increased.
[0032] 2. ALF with fixed filters
[0033] To filter a luma sample, three different classifiers (C0, C1 and C2) and three different sets of filters (F0, F1 and F2) are used. Sets F0 and F1 contain fixed filters, with coefficients trained for classifiers C0 and C1. Coefficients of filters in F2 are signalled. Which filter from a set Fi is used for a given sample is decided by a class Ci assigned to this sample using classifier Ci.
[0034] The number of bits used to represent the fractional part of a luma coefficient is adaptive from 5 to 8, inclusively. For each luma filter set, which contains up to 25 filters, a 2-bit syntax element is signalled in APS to indicate the number of bits used for the coefficients in this set. The value range of a coefficient is not changed.
[0035] 3. Filtering
[0036] First, two 13x13 diamond shape fixed filters F0 and F1 are applied to derive two intermediate samples R0 (x, y) and R1 (x, y) . After that, F2 is applied to R0 (x, y) , R1 (x, y) , and neighbouring samples to derive a filtered sample as where fi, j is the clipped difference between a neighbouring sample and current sample R (x, y) and gi is the clipped difference between Ri-20 (x, y) and current sample. The filter coefficients ci, i=0,…21, are signalled.
[0037] 4. Classification
[0038] Based on directionality Di and activity a class Ci is assigned to each 2x2 block: where MD, i represents the total number of directionalities Di.
[0039] As in VVC, values of the horizontal, vertical, and two diagonal gradients are calculated for each sample using 1-D Laplacian. The sum of the sample gradients within a 4×4 window that covers the target 2×2 block is used for classifier C0 and the sum of sample gradients within a 12×12 window is used for classifiers C1 and C2. The sums of horizontal, vertical and two diagonal gradients are denoted, respectively, as and The directionality Di is determined by comparing with a set of thresholds. The directionality D2 is derived as in VVC using thresholds 2 and 4.5. For D0 and D1, horizontal / vertical edge strength and diagonal edge strength are calculated first. Thresholds Th= [1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4.5, 8] are used. Edge strength is 0 if otherwise, is the maximum integer such that Edge strength is 0 if otherwise, is the maximum integer such that When i.e., horizontal / vertical edges are dominant, the Di is derived by using Table 1A; otherwise, diagonal edges are dominant, the Di is derived by using Table 1B. Table 1A. Mapping of and to Di Table 1B. Mapping of and to Di
[0040] To obtain the sum of vertical and horizontal gradients Ai is mapped to the range of 0 to n, where n is equal to 4 for and 15 for and
[0041] In an ALF_APS, up to 4 luma filter sets are signalled, each set may have up to 24 filters.
[0042] 5. Alternative 2x2 ALF classifier
[0043] Classification in ALF is extended with an additional alternative classifier. For a signalled luma filter set, a flag is signalled to indicate whether the alternative classifier is applied. Geometrical transformation is not applied to the alternative band classifier. When the band-based classifier is applied, the sum of sample values of a 2x2 luma block is calculated at first. Then the class index is calculated as below, class_index = (sum *12) >> (sample bit depth + 2) .
[0044] 6. Residual based classifier
[0045] A third classifier is based on luma residual sample values. For each 2x2 luma block, the sum of absolute values of the residual samples in a neighbouring 8x8 window is calculated, and the class index is derived as: classIdx = sum >> (sample bit depth - 3) .
[0046] The value of classIdx is in the range of 0 to 24, same as in ECM-8.0. The classifier usage is signalled for each luma filter set in APS.
[0047] 7. Coding information-based classifier
[0048] For the online filters (signalled filters) , each 2×2 unit is classified into 2 noise levels according to the partitioning information. For a 2×2 unit, it is classified into noise level-1 if it is located at a CU or TU boundary; and into noise level-0 if it is not. The class number of existing classifiers is reduced from 25 to 12. For the texture-based classifier, the 25 classes are mapped to 12 classes with a pre-defined LUT. For the band-based and residual based classifiers, the 25 classes are decreased to 12 classes by enlarging the band width. These 12 classes are further combined with the proposed 2 noise levels to generate final 12×2 = 24 classes in total. The number of classifiers for online filters is kept as 3 and no additional encoder selection is introduced.
[0049] For the offline filters (fixed filters) , each 2×2 unit is classified into 2 noise levels in the same way as the classification of online filters. Besides, each 2×2 unit is further classified into 2 residual levels based on a predefined threshold also in the same way as the classifier of online filters. Furthermore, the generated offset of offline filters is adjusted based on the boundary level and residual level accordingly, where a stronger offset is applied on the positions at boundaries or with higher residuals.
[0050] 8. CCALF with long tap filter
[0051] The CCALF process uses a linear filter to filter luma sample values, luma residual samples and generate a residual correction for the chroma samples. In addition, the CCALF filter shape is constructed by 23 luma spatial taps (410) and 5 luma residual taps (420) , which is illustrated in Fig. 4. For a given slice, the encoder can collect the statistics of the slice, analyse them and signal up to 16 filters through APS. The number of bits used to represent the fractional part of a CCALF coefficient can vary from 7 to 10 adaptively.
[0052] Chroma SAO output samples applied to 4 taps (430) in a 3x3 asymmetric cross shape are added as additional inputs to CCALF, as illustrated in Fig. 4.
[0053] 9. New luma ALF filter shape
[0054] In ALF online-trained filters consist of 4 kinds of filter taps: spatial taps (510) , reconstruction-before-DBF based taps (540) , residual based taps (550) and fixed-filter-output based taps (520 and 530) as shown in Fig. 5, where the fixed-filter-output based taps are extended, the residual based taps contain the clipped residual sample and the clipped residual sample filtered by the fixed filters, and the reconstruction-before-DBF (pre-DBF) based taps contain the clipped pre-DBF samples and the pre-DBF samples filtered by a Gaussian fixed filter. The shape of Gaussian fixed filter is a diamond 7x7 shape, and the filter parameters are stored at both encoder and decoder. There is no classification for this fixed filter.
[0055] 10. ALF residuals scaling
[0056] A scaling factor is signalled in slice header, the scaling factors is applied to the difference between the ALF input and ALF output, and the scaled residual is added to the ALF input (it produces a scaled ALF filtering) . A similar scaling process is applied to NN filtering in NNVC.
[0057] Different luma scaling factors may be associated with different group of class indexes, and the ALF output is derived as follows: rec’ (s) = rec (s) + (corr (s) *tab [sfi [class (s) ] ] + 4 ) >> 3, where ALF residual correction ‘corr (s) ’ is scaled using the scaling factor associated to the class index of the sample, ‘tab’ is the predefined LUT for mapping scaling index ‘sfi’ to scaling factor.
[0058] 11. Improved fixed filters for ALF
[0059] Two Laplacian-based classifiers (one for each fixed filter) are applied to a 2x2 block. In each classifier, activity and directionality values are derived based on vertical, horizontal, and diagonal gradients using a window surrounding each 2x2 block. For each 2x2 block, the mean value of a surrounding window is calculated. Then, for each sample of this window, the difference between the sample value and the mean value is calculated. A scaling factor is determined based on the activity value derived from a Laplacian classifier. The square root of the sum of the squared differences is further quantized to C′ by a scaling factor. The value of C′is an integer between 0 and 7, inclusively. With i=0, 1, let Ci denote the classifier from the classifier of i-th fixed filter in ECM-9.0. Then the proposed class index Ci′is derived as Ci′= C′*896+Ci.
[0060] The total number of the fixed filters is not changed.
[0061] Then a class index is determined based on the activity and directionality values. Two diamond shaped fixed filters are selected from the two filter sets by using the derived two class indices. Both fixed filters are applied to samples before DBF and ALF input, where additional diamond 9x9 filter is used for the samples before DBF. The shape of the first fixed filter applied to the ALF input samples is reduced from 13x13 to 9x9, and the shape of the second fixed filter, which is 13x13, applied to ALF input is unchanged as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Comparison of fixed filters between ECM-9.0 and JVET-AE0139
[0062] Fixed filter f1 is applied to outputs of f0 (instead of ALF input) and samples before DBF.
[0063] Finally, a signalled filter is applied to the ALF input samples, samples before the deblocking filter (DBF) , outputs of the two fixed filters, output of a Gaussian filter and the residual data.
[0064] 12. Chroma ALF Fixed Filter
[0065] A classifier based on Laplacian values and variance is applied to a 2x2 chroma block. Compared to the luma classifier of a fixed filter, when calculating the activity value, the sum of the chroma vertical and horizontal Laplacian values is multiplied by 2 before scaling. Similarly, the chroma variance is multiplied by 2 before scaling. The derived class index is then used to select a fixed filter from a chroma filter set. A chroma fixed filter is applied to chroma ALF input samples in a 13x13 diamond shape and DBF input samples in a 7x7 diamond shape. The first luma classifier is applied to each 2x2 chroma block. The derived class index is then used to select a fixed filter from the luma fixed filter set related to this classifier. A fixed filter is applied to chroma ALF input sample in a 9x9 diamond shape and DBF input samples in a 9x9 diamond shape. In a signalled chroma filter, 5x5 crossing extra taps are introduced, which are applied to the fixed filter output.
[0066] 13. Adaptive Loop Filter and Convolutional Cross-Component (ALF-CCCM)
[0067] In JVET-AK0088, ALF-CCCM is disclosed to improve the quality of the reconstructed chroma samples. A decoder-side diagram of the proposed method is illustrated in Fig. 6, where SAO processing modules (SAO luma 610, CCSAO Y 620, CCSAO Cb 622, CCSAO Cr 624, SAO Cb 632 and SAO Cr 634) are shown on the left side of the drawing and ALF processing modules (ALF Luma 640, CC-ALF Cb 662, CC-ALF Cr, and ALF Chroma 670) are shown in the right side of the drawing. The operations also include CCCM filtering 652 and CCCM filter derivation 650.
[0068] In the proposed filtering scheme, each CTU is divided into non-overlapping blocks and for each block the cross-component filter coefficients are derived using the SAO outputs. The output samples of luma ALF are used as input to the CCCM filtering. To obtain a correction signal, the SAO chroma samples are subtracted from the CCCM output samples. The correction is weighted by 0.5 and added to the ALF chroma output to improve chroma reconstruction samples (i.e., the reconstruction becomes chromaRec = alfChroma + ccAlf + 0.5*cccmCorrection) .
[0069] The encoder decides the best block size for each CTU using a rate-distortion optimization (RDO) loop. There are eight possible blocks sizes 4x4, 8x2, 2x8, 8x8, 16x16, 32x32, 64x64, 128x128. For filter derivation the blocks are extended by one sample on each side. The extension is clipped against CTU boundaries.
[0070] For each CTU, the encoder’s RDO decides the best cross-component model from eight possible models. The list of all models can be found in Table 2, where the cardinal directions indicate co-located luma sample position in the chroma grid (north up, south down) . The nonlinear and bias terms are the same as in the 7-tap CCCM model. The CCCM solver is used for deriving the filter coefficients. The 6-tap down sampling filter (used in CCCM and CCLM) is used for mapping the co-located luma into the chroma grid.
[0071] For each CTU, the choice of the block size and the choice of the cross-component model are signalled using CABAC coded flags. The proposed method and the signalling are skipped for CTUs where luma ALF is not applied.
[0072] For intra-coding, a CTU may inherit both the block size and the model type from the above or left CTU. This choice is signalled using a single CABAC coded flag for each CTU when ALF-CCCM is present in the left and / or above CTU. If two CTU candidates available, another CABAC coded flag is signalled to indicate the choice.
[0073] For inter-coding, a picture may inherit the block sizes and model types for all CTUs from a reference picture. The reference picture is derived from the L0 and L1 lists. Only reference pictures with ALF-CCCM present in at least one CTU are considered. The reference picture with the smallest POC distance to the current POC is selected. If activated, the picture level inheritance will skip the CTU-level signalling completely for the current picture. This choice is signalled using a single CABAC coded flag if a reference picture with at least one CTU utilizing ALF-CCCM is present. Table 3. The eight cross-component models of ALF-CCCM
[0074] 14. Temporal ALF (JVET-AK0065)
[0075] A temporal adaptive loop filter (TALF) that uses the reconstructed pixels (e.g. SAO / CCSAO / BIF 710 processed pixels) in the reference pictures 712 is utilized to improve the quality of the current picture as shown in Fig. 7. Similar to ALF, the filter coefficients and related information are transmitted in the APS. TALF 724 generates offsets to the output of luma ALF 720 as shown in the Fig. 7. The usage of TALF for each CTB is signalled by a CTB-level flag.
[0076] TALF has six filtering modes and two filter shapes both with 13 coefficients. More details can be found in JVET-AK0065.
[0077] 15. Neural-Network-Based In-Loop Filtering (NNLF) in ALF
[0078] NNLF is introduced in JVET-AK0183 as an extension of the ALF filter. NN-filter operates on input reconstructed pixels in parallel to existing Fixed, Residual and Gaussian filters and provides additional coding gain on top of these filters. More details can be found in JVET-AK0183.
[0079] In the present invention, a scheme to improve the coding performance by blending one or more correction terms with the ALF correction term is disclosed. Also, a scheme to improve the coding performance by using a luma ALF correction term for the chroma reconstruction is disclosed. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0080] A method and apparatus for improving the coding performance by blending one or more correction terms with the ALF correction term is disclosed. According to the method, input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components is received, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block. An ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term is derived for a target sample of the current block. One or more correction terms are derived for the target sample of the current block. A final correction term is derived by blending the ALF correction term and said one or more correction terms. A filtered target sample is generated by using the target sample and the final correction term.
[0081] In one embodiment, said one or more correction terms are generated by using one or more processes from a group comprising Fixed Filtering (FF) , Cross-Component ALF (CCALF) , Cross-Component Model (CCM) , Temporal ALF (TALF) , Neural-Network-Based Loop Filtering (NNLF) , another ALF, another in-loop filtering, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, said one or more correction terms correspond to a CCM correction term and a CCALF correction term, wherein the CCM and CCALF processes use samples from one chroma component and another component. In one embodiment, said one or more correction terms correspond to a TALF correction term, wherein the TALF process uses samples from one or more reference pictures. In one embodiment, said one or more correction terms correspond to a FF correction term, a CCM correction term, or a NNLF correction term, wherein the FF, CCM, or NNLF process uses the ALF correction term as input.
[0082] In one embodiment, the final correction term is generated by blending the ALF correction term and said one or more correction terms using blending weights. In one embodiment, the blending weights are explicitly signalled or implicitly derived.
[0083] In one embodiment, the blending weights are explicitly signalled at an SPS (Sequence Parameter Set) , VPS (Video Parameter Set) , APS (Adaptation Parameter Set) , PPS (Picture Parameter Set) , PH (Picture Header) , SH (Slice Header) , CTU (Coding Tree Unit) , CTB (Coding Tree Block) , block, or sample level. In one embodiment, the blending weights are explicitly signalled at the APS level and the blending weights are reused for said one or more correction terms in following coded frames. In one embodiment, the blending weights are explicitly signalled at the slice level and the blending weights for said one or more correction terms are conditionally signalled according to a tool on-off flag. In one embodiment, the blending weights are explicitly signalled at the CTU or CTB level and a merge coding tool is used to indicate whether the current block shares the blending weights from a merged block.
[0084] In one embodiment, the blending weights are implicitly derived at the block or sample level. In one embodiment, values of the blending weights are signalled separately for each correction term. In one embodiment, values of the blending weights are signalled jointly by using multiple pre-defined tables for the values of the blending weights and selection of the multiple pre-defined tables is signalled.
[0085] In one embodiment, an offset term is used in blending said one or more correction terms, wherein the offset term is pre-defined or signalled. In one embodiment, said one or more correction terms have a bit-depth larger than the input data, wherein the bit-depth is pre-defined or signalled.
[0086] Another method to improve the coding performance by using a luma ALF correction term for the chroma reconstruction is disclosed. According to this method, input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components is received, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block. A luma ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term is derived for a target chroma sample of the current block. A filtered target chroma sample is generated by using the luma ALF correction term.
[0087] In one embodiment, the luma ALF correction term is used in one or more chroma reconstruction processes from a group comprising Chroma Fixed Filtering, Chroma ALF, Cross-Component ALF (CCALF) , Cross-Component Model (CCM) , Chroma Temporal ALF (TALF) , Chroma Neural-Network-Based Loop Filtering (NNLF) , ALF Fusion, a combination thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE D RAWINGS
[0088] Fig. 1A illustrates an exemplary adaptive Inter / Intra video coding system incorporating loop processing.
[0089] Fig. 1B illustrates a corresponding decoder for the encoder in Fig. 1A.
[0090] Fig. 2 illustrates the ALF filter shapes for the chroma (left) and luma (right) components.
[0091] Fig. 3A illustrates the placement of CC-ALF with respect to other loop filters.
[0092] Fig. 3B illustrates a diamond shaped filter for the chroma samples.
[0093] Fig. 4 illustrates the cross 9x9 CCALF filter shape, luma residual based taps and 4 taps in a 3x3 asymmetric cross shape as additional inputs to CCALF.
[0094] Fig. 5 illustrates the filter shape of ALF in ECM-7.0.
[0095] Fig. 6 illustrates a decoder-side block diagram of EE2-4.9 ALF-CCCM with the new functionality highlighted by the dashed rectangle.
[0096] Fig. 7 illustrates a block diagram of TALF (Temporal ALF) in loop filters.
[0097] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of ALF fusion using a CCM correction term and a CCALF correction term according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0098] Fig. 9 illustrates an example of blending a TALF correction term with the ALF correction term.
[0099] Fig. 10 illustrates an example of blending the ALF correction term with CCM / TALF / NNLF correction term.
[0100] Fig. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary video coding system that improves the according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0101] Fig. 12 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary video coding system that improves the coding performance by using a luma ALF correction term for the chroma reconstruction according to an embodiment of the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0102] It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the systems and methods of the present invention, as represented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. References throughout this specification to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” or similar language mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
[0103] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention. The illustrated embodiments of the invention will be best understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of apparatus and methods that are consistent with the invention as claimed herein.
[0104] PROPOSED METHOD
[0105] ALF with Fusion and Using Luma Correction Terms for Chroma Reconstruction
[0106] In ECM, various processes are proposed to enhance the performance of ALF, such as fixed filtering, CCALF, CCM, temporal ALF, and even neural-network-based filtering. Those processes generate a correction term to refine the reconstruction samples. In this invention, we propose a fusion mechanism in ALF, where the weighted sum of the correction terms is used to further improve the reconstruction.
[0107] Embodiment 1
[0108] In one embodiment, for reconstructing a sample, one or more correction terms are generated and blended with an ALF correction term to provide a refined correction term, where said one or more correction terms are generated by one or more filtering processes. Specifically, the filtering process can be one of the following. 1.Fixed filtering (FF) 2.Cross-component ALF (CCALF) 3.Cross-component model (CCM) 4.Temporal ALF (TALF) 5.Neural-network-based loop filtering (NNLF) 6.Another ALF 7.Another in-loop filtering such as deblocking filtering (DBF) , sample-adaptive offset (SAO) , cross-component SAO (CCSAO) , and bilateral filtering (BIF)
[0109] Example 1.
[0110] For a target sample to be corrected from a chroma component, a CCM correction term rCCM and a CCALF correction term rCCALF are blended with the chroma ALF correction term rALF, where the CCM and the CCALF use samples from the chroma component and samples from another component as input. Fig. 8 illustrates an example of ALF fusion using a CCM correction term and a CCALF correction term, where ALF 820, CCALF 822 and CCM 824 are added to the post-SAO component A 810 to form post-ALF component A 830. Both CCALF and CCM use inputs from post-SAO component A 810 and post-SAO component B 812.
[0111] The blended correction term a*rALF + b*rCCM + c*rCCALF will be used to reconstruct the sample, where a, b, and c are blending weights.
[0112] Example 2.
[0113] For a target sample to be corrected, a TALF correction term rTALF is blended with the ALF correction term rALF, where the TALF utilizes samples from reference pictures to generate the correction term. Fig. 9 illustrates an example of blending a TALF correction term with the ALF correction term. The blended correction terms from ALF 920 and TALF 922 are blended to correct the post-SAO component A 910 to form post-ALF component A 930.
[0114] The blended correction term a*rALF + b*rTALF will be used to reconstruct the sample, where a and b are blending weights.
[0115] Example 3.
[0116] For a target sample to be corrected, a fixed filter correction term rFF or an NNLF correction term rNNLF can be blended with the ALF correction term rALF. Fig. 10 illustrates an example of blending the ALF correction term 1020 with CCM / TALF / NNLF correction term 1022. The blended correction term is used to correct the post-SAO component A 1010 to form post-ALF component A 1030. The input to the CCM / TALF / NNLF correction term 1022 corresponds to the ALF correction term 1020.
[0117] Note that although the illustrative diagrams in the above examples show that the filtering processes are conducted in parallel with ALF, the fusion mechanism is still applicable when the processes are conducted before or after ALF.
[0118] Embodiment 2
[0119] based on Embodiment 1, the blending weights are explicitly signalled or implicitly derived at an SPS (Sequence Parameter Set) , VPS (Video Parameter Set) , APS (AdaptationParameter Set) , PPS (Picture Parameter Set) , PH (Picture Header) , SH (Slice Header) , CTU (Coding Tree Unit) , CTB (Coding Tree Block) , block, or sample level.
[0120] Example 4.
[0121] The blending weights are explicitly signalled at an APS level. In such case, the weights for each correction term can be reused for the following coded frames in a manner similar to the other parameters in APS.
[0122] Example 5.
[0123] The blending weights are explicitly signalled at a slice level. In such case, the weights for each correction term are conditionally signalled according to tool on / off flag. For instance, if CCM is off at the slice level, there is no need to signal the corresponding weight for the CCM correction term.
[0124] Example 6.
[0125] The blending weights are explicitly signalled at a CTU / CTB level. In such a case, the merge mechanism, which is widely utilized to provide a shortcut for CTU / CTB-level syntax signalling, may be applied.
[0126] Example 7.
[0127] The blending weights are implicitly derived at a block / sample level. Specifically, some coding information, such as local statistics (e.g. gradient, variance, etc. ) , boundary strength, partition, and coding unit mode, can be used to determine the weights.
[0128] Embodiment 3
[0129] based on Embodiment 2, when the blending weights are explicitly signalled, the values of the weights are signalled separately for each correction term.
[0130] Embodiment 4
[0131] Based on Embodiment 2, when the blending weights are explicitly signalled, the values of the weights are signalled jointly for all correction terms. Specifically, multiple weight tables are pre-defined, and the selection of the table is signalled.
[0132] Embodiment 5
[0133] Based on Embodiment 1, one offset term is used in the blending process. The offset term is pre-defined or signalled with the blending weights.
[0134] Embodiment 6
[0135] Based on Embodiment 1, the correction terms have a bit-depth larger than the reconstruction signal. The bit-depth can be pre-defined or signalled, and the offset term mentioned in Embodiment 5 can be adaptively changed according to the bit-depth.
[0136] Embodiment 7
[0137] In this Embodiment, for reconstructing a chroma sample, luma ALF correction terms are used. Specifically, the luma ALF correction terms are used in at least one of the following chroma reconstruction processes. 1.Chroma fixed filtering 2.Chroma ALF 3.Cross-component ALF (CCALF) 4.Cross-component model (CCM) 5.Chroma temporal ALF (TALF) 6.Chroma neural-network-based loop filtering (NNLF) 7.ALF fusion: blending corrections from multiple processes described in embodiment 1
[0138] Example 8.
[0139] For a chroma sample, when performing chroma filtering (FF, CCALF, CCM, TALF, NNLF) for the sample, the luma correction term at the corresponding position or the luma correction terms near the corresponding position are used as filter taps.
[0140] Example 9.
[0141] For a target chroma sample to be corrected, when performing ALF fusion, the luma correction term rLUMA at the corresponding position is used as one of the correction terms as well. For instance, in Example 1, in addition to ALF, CCM, and CCALF correction terms, luma correction term is also used, resulting in the blended correction term a*rALF + b*rCCM + c*rCCALF + d*rLUMA, where a, b, c, and d are blending weights.
[0142] Example 10.
[0143] For a target chroma sample to be corrected, when performing ALF fusion, the luma correction term rLUMA at the corresponding position is used as one of the correction terms as well. For instance, in Example 2, in addition to ALF and TALF correction terms, luma correction term is used, resulting in the blended correction term a*rALF + b*rTALF + c*rLUMA, where a, b, and c are blending weights.
[0144] Example 11.
[0145] For a target chroma sample to be corrected, when performing ALF fusion, the luma ALF correction term rALF_LUMA and the luma TALF correction term rTALF_LUMA at the corresponding position are used as one of the correction terms as well. For instance, in Example 1, in addition to ALF, CCM, and CCALF correction terms, luma correction terms are used, resulting in the blended correction term a*rALF + b*rCCM + c*rCCALF + d*rALF_LUMA + e*rTALF_LUMA, where a, b, c, d, and e are blending weights.
[0146] The foregoing proposed methods of ALF processing can be implemented in encoders and / or decoders. For example, the proposed method can be implemented in an in-loop filtering module of an encoder, and / or an in-loop filtering module of a decoder. For example, any of the proposed methods can be implemented in the in-loop filter module (e.g. ILPF 130 in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B) of an encoder or a decoder. Alternatively, any of the proposed methods can be implemented as circuits coupled to the inter coding module of an encoder and / or motion compensation module, a merge candidate derivation module of the decoder. The methods may also be implemented using executable software or firmware codes stored on a media, such as hard disk or flash memory, for a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or programmable devices (e.g. DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)) .
[0147] Fig. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary video coding system that improves the according to an embodiment of the present invention. The steps shown in the flowchart may be implemented as program codes executable on one or more processors (e.g., one or more CPUs) at the encoder side. The steps shown in the flowchart may also be implemented based hardware such as one or more electronic devices or processors arranged to perform the steps in the flowchart. According to the method, input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components is received in step 1110, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block. An ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term is derived for a target sample of the current block in step 1120. One or more correction terms are derived for the target sample of the current block in step 1130. A final correction term is derived by blending the ALF correction term and said one or more correction terms in step 1140. A filtered target sample is generated by using the target sample and the final correction term in step 1150.
[0148] Fig. 12 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary video coding system that improves the coding performance by using a luma ALF correction term for the chroma reconstruction according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to this method, input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components is received in step 1210, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block. A luma ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term is derived for a target chroma sample of the current block in step 1220. A filtered target chroma sample is generated by using the luma ALF correction term in step 1230.
[0149] The flowcharts shown are intended to illustrate an example of video coding according to the present invention. A person skilled in the art may modify each step, re-arranges the steps, split a step, or combine steps to practice the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the disclosure, specific syntax and semantics have been used to illustrate examples to implement embodiments of the present invention. A skilled person may practice the present invention by substituting the syntax and semantics with equivalent syntax and semantics without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0150] The above description is presented to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to practice the present invention as provided in the context of a particular application and its requirement. Various modifications to the described embodiments will be apparent to those with skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments shown and described, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed. In the above detailed description, various specific details are illustrated in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. Nevertheless, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced.
[0151] Embodiment of the present invention as described above may be implemented in various hardware, software codes, or a combination of both. For example, an embodiment of the present invention can be one or more circuit circuits integrated into a video compression chip or program code integrated into video compression software to perform the processing described herein. An embodiment of the present invention may also be program code to be executed on a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to perform the processing described herein. The invention may also involve a number of functions to be performed by a computer processor, a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, or field programmable gate array (FPGA) . These processors can be configured to perform particular tasks according to the invention, by executing machine-readable software code or firmware code that defines the particular methods embodied by the invention. The software code or firmware code may be developed in different programming languages and different formats or styles. The software code may also be compiled for different target platforms. However, different code formats, styles and languages of software codes and other means of configuring code to perform the tasks in accordance with the invention will not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.
[0152] The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described examples are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims
A method of processing colour pictures, the method comprising:receiving input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block;deriving an ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term for a target sample of the current block;deriving one or more correction terms for the target sample of the current block;deriving a final correction term by blending the ALF correction term and said one or more correction terms; andgenerating a filtered target sample by using the target sample and the final correction term.The method of Claim 1, wherein said one or more correction terms are generated by using one or more processes from a group comprising Fixed Filtering (FF) , Cross-Component ALF (CCALF) , Cross-Component Model (CCM) , Temporal ALF (TALF) , Neural-Network-Based Loop Filtering (NNLF) , another ALF, another in-loop filtering, or a combination thereof.The method of Claim 2, wherein said one or more correction terms correspond to a CCM correction term and a CCALF correction term, wherein the CCM and CCALF processes use samples from one chroma component and another component.The method of Claim 2, wherein said one or more correction terms correspond to a TALF correction term, wherein the TALF process uses samples from one or more reference pictures.The method of Claim 2, wherein said one or more correction terms correspond to a FF correction term, a CCM correction term, or a NNLF correction term, wherein the FF, CCM, or NNLF process uses the ALF correction term as input.The method of Claim 1, wherein the final correction term is generated by blending the ALF correction term and said one or more correction terms using blending weights.The method of Claim 6, wherein the blending weights are explicitly signalled or implicitly derived.The method of Claim 7, wherein the blending weights are explicitly signalled at an SPS (Sequence Parameter Set) , VPS (Video Parameter Set) , APS (AdaptationParameter Set) , PPS (Picture Parameter Set) , PH (Picture Header) , SH (Slice Header) , CTU (Coding Tree Unit) , CTB (Coding Tree Block) , block, or sample level.The method of Claim 7, wherein the blending weights are explicitly signalled at the APS level and the blending weights are reused for said one or more correction terms in following coded frames.The method of Claim 7, wherein the blending weights are explicitly signalled at the slice level and the blending weights for said one or more correction terms are conditionally signalled according to a tool on-off flag.The method of Claim 7, wherein the blending weights are explicitly signalled at the CTU or CTB level and a merge coding tool is used to indicate whether the current block shares the blending weights from a merged block.The method of Claim 7, wherein the blending weights are implicitly derived at the block or sample level.The method of Claim 7, wherein values of the blending weights are signalled separately for each correction term.The method of Claim 7, wherein values of the blending weights are signalled jointly by using multiple pre-defined tables for the values of the blending weights and selection of the multiple pre-defined tables is signalled.The method of Claim 1, wherein an offset term is used in blending said one or more correction terms, wherein the offset term is pre-defined or signalled.The method of Claim 1, wherein said one or more correction terms have a bit-depth larger than the input data, wherein the bit-depth is pre-defined or signalled.An apparatus for processing of coded video, the apparatus comprising one or more electronics or processors arranged to:receive input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block;derive an ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term for a target sample of the current block;derive one or more correction terms for the target sample of the current block;derive a final correction term by blending the ALF correction term and said one or more correction terms; andgenerate a filtered target sample by using the target sample and the final correction term.A method of processing colour pictures, the method comprising:receiving input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block;deriving a luma ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term for a target chroma sample of the current block; andgenerating a filtered target chroma sample by using the luma ALF correction term.The method of Claim 18, wherein the luma ALF correction term is used in one or more chroma reconstruction processes from a group comprising Chroma Fixed Filtering, Chroma ALF, Cross-Component ALF (CCALF) , Cross-Component Model (CCM) , Chroma Temporal ALF (TALF) , Chroma Neural-Network-Based Loop Filtering (NNLF) , ALF Fusion, a combination thereof.An apparatus for processing of coded video, the apparatus comprising one or more electronics or processors arranged to:receive input data associated with a current block comprising a luma component and / or one or more chroma components, wherein the input data comprises reconstructed or processed-reconstructed data associated with the current block;derive a luma ALF (Adaptive Loop Filter) correction term for a target chroma sample of the current block; andgenerate a filtered target chroma sample by using the luma ALF correction term.