Antenna device and terminal device

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna device and a terminal device. The antenna device comprises a PCB, a first antenna, and a second antenna. A radiator of the first antenna is arranged along a first side of the PCB, a radiator of the second antenna is arranged along a second side of the PCB, and the first side and the second side are two opposite sides of the PCB. The resonant frequency band of a first resonance generated by the first antenna and the resonant frequency band of a third resonance generated by the second antenna comprise the same frequency band or adjacent frequency bands, and the resonant frequency band of a second resonance generated by the first antenna and the resonant frequency band of a fourth resonance generated by the second antenna comprise the same frequency band or adjacent frequency bands. In the same frequency band or adjacent frequency bands, the first antenna and the second antenna have good isolation from each other.

Description

An antenna device and a terminal device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on January 5, 2025, with application number 202510070547.7 and entitled "An Antenna Device and Terminal Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to an antenna device and a terminal device. Background Technology

[0003] With the rapid application of fifth-generation wireless systems (5G) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies in vehicles, the number of antennas required in vehicles is increasing, including 4G / 5G antennas, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) antennas, V2X antennas, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) antennas, wireless fidelity (WiFi) antennas, and remote keyless entry (RKE) antennas. In addition to the existing number of antennas, multiple antennas need to be added to meet communication requirements.

[0004] However, placing multiple antennas operating at the same frequency band within the existing antenna space can worsen the isolation between them. Alternatively, the new antennas could be placed in other areas of the vehicle, but this would increase the amount of RF cabling and significantly boost costs. Therefore, figuring out how to accommodate multiple antennas operating at the same frequency band within the existing antenna space has become a major challenge for the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna device and a terminal device. The antenna device includes a PCB, a first antenna, and a second antenna. The radiator of the first antenna is disposed along a first side of the PCB, and the radiator of the second antenna is disposed along a second side of the PCB. The first side and the second side are two opposite sides of the PCB.

[0006] In a first aspect, an antenna device is provided, comprising: a printed circuit board (PCB) including a metal layer; a first antenna including a first radiator, a first feeding circuit, and a capacitive element, wherein the first radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the first radiator including a first ground point and a first feeding point, the first ground point being located in the central region of the first radiator, the capacitive element being coupled between the first ground point and the metal layer, and the first feeding circuit being coupled to the first feeding point; and a second antenna including a second radiator and a second feeding circuit, wherein the second radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the second radiator including a second ground point and a second feeding point, the second ground point being located in the central region of the second radiator. The second grounding point is coupled to the metal layer, and the second power supply circuit is coupled to the second power supply point; wherein, the PCB includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other, the first radiator is arranged along the first side, and the second radiator is arranged along the second side; the length L1 of the first radiator and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×1.05≤L1; the first radiator, the first power supply circuit, and the capacitive element are used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, and the second radiator and the second power supply circuit are used to generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the third resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency band, and / or, the resonant frequency band of the second resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency band.

[0007] According to an embodiment of this application, a capacitive element is coupled between the first ground point and the metal layer. This capacitive element can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the second resonance generated by the line CM mode. The capacitive element can shift the resonant frequency of the second resonance generated by the line CM mode to a higher frequency, exceeding the resonant frequency of the first resonance generated by the line DM mode. In this case, increasing the length of the first radiator shifts both the resonant frequency of the first resonance and the resonant frequency of the second resonance to a lower frequency, so that the first resonance of the first antenna and the third resonance of the second antenna both support at least a portion of the first operating frequency band, and the second resonance of the first antenna and the fourth resonance of the second antenna both support at least a portion of the second operating frequency band. Since the first antenna 300 generates the first and second resonances by the line DM mode and the line CM mode, and the second antenna generates the third and fourth resonances by the line CM mode and the line DM mode, there is good isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna in at least a portion of the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the length L1 of the first radiator and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1 ≤ L2 × 1.3.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the third resonance include a first operating frequency band, the resonant frequency band of the second resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance include a second operating frequency band, and the first operating frequency band is different from the second operating frequency band.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency band of the third resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band.

[0011] According to embodiments of this application, the resonant frequency bands of the first and second resonances are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, thereby enabling the first antenna to have a wider operating frequency band. The resonant frequency bands of the third and fourth resonances are also used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, thereby enabling the second antenna to have a wider operating frequency band.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is less than or equal to the length L1 of the first radiator and / or the length L2 of the second radiator.

[0013] According to an embodiment of this application, the first antenna and the second antenna can be arranged in a relatively compact space, and in this arrangement, the first antenna and the second antenna still have good isolation.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first feed point and the second feed point are located on the same side of the line connecting the first ground point and the second ground point.

[0015] According to the embodiments of this application, as the overall symmetry of the antenna device increases, the first antenna and the second antenna can have better isolation.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, the distance between the first feed point and the first ground point is less than or equal to 10 mm, and / or, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, and the distance between the second feed point and the second ground point is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0017] According to the embodiments of this application, when the resonant frequencies of the antennas are the same, setting the feed point closer to the ground point results in a larger antenna radiating aperture and better radiation efficiency.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is less than the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance, and satisfies: f2-f1≤f2×0.3, and / or, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance is less than the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, and satisfies: f4-f3≤f4×0.3.

[0019] According to an embodiment of this application, when the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode and the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line DM mode are within the above range, the first antenna (second antenna) has a wider operating bandwidth.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance satisfy: |f1-f3|≤f1×0.1, and / or, the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance satisfy: |f2-f4|≤f2×0.1.

[0021] According to the embodiments of this application, the first antenna generates a first resonance and a second resonance by line DM mode and line CM mode, and the second antenna generates a third resonance and a fourth resonance by line CM mode and line DM mode. When the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is close to the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance, and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance is close to the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, the first antenna and the second antenna have good isolation.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the PCB is greater than or equal to 2 mm, and / or, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, and the minimum distance between the second radiator and the PCB is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0023] According to an embodiment of this application, the minimum distance between the radiator and the PCB can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode.

[0024] In this case, since the ground plane (such as the metal layer in the above embodiment) participates in the resonance generated by the line CM mode (which can be understood as the ground plane having a strong current when the line CM mode generates resonance), as the minimum distance between the radiator and the PCB increases, the current path corresponding to the line CM mode increases, and the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode shifts to a lower frequency.

[0025] Correspondingly, when the minimum distance between the radiator and the PCB decreases, the current path corresponding to the line CM mode becomes shorter, and the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode shifts to a higher frequency.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first antenna further includes a grounding element, the first grounding point being coupled to the metal layer through the grounding element; the grounding element has an insulating gap, and the capacitive element includes the insulating gap.

[0027] According to the embodiments of this application, the capacitive element described in the embodiments of this application can be a distributed device or a lumped device. For the sake of brevity, the embodiments of this application only use the example of a distributed capacitive element. The embodiments of this application do not limit this, and can be determined according to actual production or design, and will not be elaborated further.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the equivalent capacitance of the capacitive element is greater than or equal to 0.2pF and less than or equal to 3pF.

[0029] According to the embodiments of this application, the equivalent capacitance value of the capacitive element can be determined according to actual production or design. For example, as the operating frequency increases, the equivalent capacitance value decreases. The embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions on this and can determine it according to actual production or design.

[0030] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is greater than or equal to the length of the first side and / or the length of the second side.

[0031] According to an embodiment of this application, the first radiator and the second radiator can be spaced apart along the length of the PCB. As the distance between the first radiator and the second radiator increases, the first antenna and the second antenna have better isolation.

[0032] In a second aspect, an antenna device is provided, comprising: a printed circuit board (PCB) including a metal layer; a first antenna including a first radiator, a first feeding circuit, and a capacitive element, wherein the first radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the first radiator including a first ground point and a first feeding point, the first ground point being located in the central region of the first radiator, the capacitive element being coupled between a first end and a second end of the first radiator, the first ground point being coupled to the metal layer, and the first feeding circuit being coupled to the first feeding point; and a second antenna including a second radiator and a second feeding circuit, wherein the second radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the second radiator including a second ground point and a second feeding point, the second ground point being located in the central region of the first radiator; and a second antenna including a second radiator and a second feeding circuit, wherein the second radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the second radiator including a second ground point and a second feeding point, the second ground point being located in the central region of the first radiator; and a second antenna including a second radiator and a second feeding circuit, wherein the second radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the second radiator including a second ground point and a second feeding point, the second ground point being located in the central region of the first radiator; and a second antenna including a second radiator and a second feeding circuit, wherein the second ground point is ... ground point is located in the central region of the first radiator; and a second antenna including a second radiator and a In the central region of the radiator, the second grounding point is coupled to the metal layer, and the second power supply circuit is coupled to the second power supply point; wherein, the PCB includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other, the first radiator is arranged along the first side, and the second radiator is arranged along the second side; the length L1 of the first radiator and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1≤L2×0.95; the first radiator, the first power supply circuit, and the capacitive element are used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, and the second radiator and the second power supply circuit are used to generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the third resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency band, and / or, the resonant frequency band of the second resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency band.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the length L1 of the first radiator and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×0.7≤L1.

[0034] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the third resonance include a first operating frequency band, the resonant frequency band of the second resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance include a second operating frequency band, and the first operating frequency band is different from the second operating frequency band.

[0035] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the second resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency bands of the third resonance and the fourth resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band.

[0036] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is less than or equal to the length L1 of the first radiator and / or the length L2 of the second radiator.

[0037] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first feed point and the second feed point are located on the same side of the line connecting the first ground point and the second ground point.

[0038] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, the distance between the first feed point and the first ground point is less than or equal to 10 mm, and / or, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, and the distance between the second feed point and the second ground point is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0039] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is less than the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance, and satisfies: f2-f1≤f2×0.3, and / or, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance is less than the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, and satisfies: f4-f3≤f4×0.3.

[0040] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is less than the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance, satisfying: |f1-f3|≤f1×0.1, and / or, the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance is less than the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, satisfying: |f2-f4|≤f2×0.1.

[0041] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the PCB is greater than or equal to 2 mm, and / or, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, and the minimum distance between the second radiator and the PCB is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0042] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the equivalent capacitance of the capacitive element is greater than or equal to 0.2pF and less than or equal to 3pF.

[0043] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is greater than or equal to the length of the first side and / or the length of the second side.

[0044] Thirdly, an antenna device is provided, comprising: a printed circuit board (PCB) including a metal layer; a first antenna including a first radiator, a first feeding circuit, and a capacitive element, wherein the first radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the first radiator including a first ground point and a first feeding point, the first ground point being coupled to the metal layer, and the first feeding circuit being coupled to the first feeding point, the first radiator, the first feeding circuit, and the capacitive element being used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance; and a second antenna including a second radiator and a second feeding circuit, wherein the second radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the second radiator including a second ground point and a second feeding point, the second ground point being coupled to the metal layer, and the second feeding circuit being coupled to the second feeding point, the second radiator... The radiator and the second feeding circuit are used to generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance; wherein, the PCB includes a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, the first radiator is disposed along the first side, and the second radiator is disposed along the second side; the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the third resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency bands, and / or, the resonant frequency bands of the second resonance and the fourth resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency bands; at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator is in the same direction on both sides of the first ground point, at the resonance point of the third resonance, the current on the second radiator is in opposite directions on both sides of the second ground point; at the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on the first radiator is in opposite directions on both sides of the first ground point, and at the resonance point of the fourth resonance, the current on the second radiator is in the same direction on both sides of the second ground point.

[0045] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the first grounding point is located in the central region of the first radiator, and / or the second grounding point is located in the central region of the second radiator.

[0046] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the capacitive element is coupled between the first end and the second end of the first radiator.

[0047] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the capacitive element is coupled between the first ground point and the metal layer.

[0048] Fourthly, a terminal device is provided, including the antenna device described in any one of the first to third aspects above.

[0049] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the terminal device is a vehicle, the antenna device is the vehicle's in-vehicle communication module, and the first antenna or the second antenna includes at least one of a cellular antenna, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna, a V2X antenna, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) antenna, a Wi-Fi antenna, and a Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of the vehicle 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 2 is an interactive schematic diagram of the vehicle 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the common-mode structure of an antenna provided in this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of an antenna provided in this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.

[0054] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0056] Figure 7 is a side view of an antenna device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first antenna 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0058] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the first antenna 300 at the first resonance point provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0059] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the first antenna 300 at the second resonance point provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0060] Figure 11 shows the S-parameter simulation results of the first antenna 300 in the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 6.

[0061] Figure 12 shows the simulation results of the isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 6.

[0062] Figure 13 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The following explains the terminology that may appear in the embodiments of this application.

[0064] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this document is merely a description of the same field in the related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0065] The phrase "within the range" used in this application, unless otherwise specified, includes both endpoints of the range by default. For example, in the range of 1 to 5, it includes the values ​​1 and 5.

[0066] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as a direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a gap / non-contact method. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive components.

[0067] Components / devices: including at least one of lumped components / devices and distributed components / devices.

[0068] Lumped element / device: This refers to all components whose size is much smaller than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency. For signals, the characteristics of the components remain constant at all times, regardless of frequency.

[0069] Distributed elements / devices: Unlike lumped elements, if the size of an element is similar to or larger than the wavelength of the circuit's operating frequency, then when a signal passes through the element, the characteristics of each point on the element will vary due to the signal change. In this case, the element as a whole cannot be regarded as a single entity with fixed characteristics, but should be called a distributed element.

[0070] Capacitor: can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitor elements; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive components separated by a certain gap.

[0071] Inductance: can be understood as lumped inductance and / or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to inductive components, such as inductor elements; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed through a conductive element of a certain length.

[0072] Radiator: In an antenna, this is the device used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0073] The radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire or sheet, and this application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the wire radiator may be simply referred to as a wire antenna. In one embodiment, the wire radiator may be implemented by a conductive frame, and may also be referred to as a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the wire radiator may be implemented by a support conductor, and may also be referred to as a support antenna. In one embodiment, the wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) of the wire radiator, or the radiator of the wire antenna, is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., the length is around 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna). For example, in a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating stubs, each fed from the feed end of the radiating stub by a feed section. For example, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) can be considered as a monopole antenna with an added ground path. An IFA antenna has one feed point and one ground point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is inverted-F shaped. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (also known as a PIFA). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented using a planar conductor (e.g., a conductive sheet or conductive coating). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as silver paste. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, and annular shapes, and this application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane, wherein the dielectric substrate is disposed between the radiator and the ground plane.

[0074] Radiators may also include slots or gaps formed on a conductor, for example, closed or semi-closed slots or gaps formed on a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slit radiator may be simply referred to as a slot antenna or a gap antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including width) of the slot or gap of the slot antenna / gap antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), while the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., a length of approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or gap may be simply referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or gap (e.g., an opening added to a closed slot or gap) may be simply referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the gap shape is elongated. In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately an integer multiple of a wavelength (e.g., one dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed by transmission lines connected across one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a conductive frame grounded at both ends, also known as a frame antenna; in this embodiment, the slot antenna or gap antenna can be viewed as including a linear radiator, the linear radiator being spaced apart from the ground and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-closed slot or gap. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a support conductor grounded at both ends, also known as a support antenna.

[0075] A power supply circuit is a combination of all circuits used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals. It can include a transceiver and an RF front-end. In some cases, the term "power supply circuit" is narrowly interpreted as a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), which can be considered to include both the RF front-end chip and the transceiver. The power supply circuit has the function of converting radio waves (e.g., RF signals) into electrical signals (e.g., digital signals). It is generally considered part of the RF component.

[0076] In some embodiments, the terminal device may further include a test socket (or, RF socket, or RF test socket). This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable to test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuitry or the radiator of the antenna. The RF front-end circuitry can be considered as the circuitry coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.

[0077] In some embodiments, the radio frequency front-end circuit can be integrated into a radio frequency front-end chip in the terminal device, or the radio frequency front-end circuit and the transceiver can be integrated into a radio frequency chip in the terminal device.

[0078] It should be understood that any two feed circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feed circuit of this application can share the same transceiver, for example, by transmitting signals through a radio frequency channel in a transceiver (e.g., a port (pin) of a radio frequency chip); they can also share a radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, by processing signals through a tuning circuit or amplifier in a radio frequency front-end.

[0079] It should also be understood that the two feed circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feed circuit of this application typically correspond to two RF test sockets in the terminal device.

[0080] The grounding / feeding structure may include connectors, such as metal springs, and the radiator is coupled to the ground / feeding circuit via the grounding structure. In some embodiments, the feeding structure may include a transmission line / feeding wire, and the grounding structure may include a grounding wire.

[0081] End / Point: The term "end / point" in the context of the antenna radiator's first end / second end / feed end / ground end / feed point / grounding point / connection point should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily being a point or end physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, "end / point" can include a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures. For example, a feed end / feed point can be a coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a feed structure or feed circuit (e.g., a region facing a part of the feed circuit). Similarly, a ground end / grounding point can be a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a ground structure or grounding circuit.

[0082] Open terminal, closed terminal: In some embodiments, open terminal and closed terminal are, for example, relative to whether or not they are grounded; the closed terminal is grounded, and the open terminal is not grounded. In some embodiments, open terminal and closed terminal are, for example, relative to other conductors; the closed terminal is electrically connected to other conductors, and the open terminal is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, the open terminal may also be referred to as a floating terminal, free terminal, open terminal, or open-circuit terminal. In one embodiment, the closed terminal may also be referred to as a ground terminal or short-circuit terminal. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open terminal to transfer coupled energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0083] In some embodiments, the understanding of "closed end" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. A closed end or ground end can be understood as a point of high current or low electric field on a radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g., capacitors, inductors, etc.) through a closed end can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point of high current / low electric field. In one embodiment, opening a slit at or near the closed end (e.g., filling the slit with insulating material) can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point of high current / low electric field.

[0084] In some embodiments, the understanding of "open terminal" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. An open terminal or a floating terminal can be understood as a point with a small current or a point with a large electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g., capacitors, inductors, etc.) through an open terminal can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point with a small current or a large electric field.

[0085] It should be understood that when an electronic device (e.g., capacitor, inductor, etc.) is coupled at the radiator end of a gap (which, from the perspective of the radiator's structure, is similar to the radiator at the opening of an open or floating end), the radiator end can be a point with a large current / small electric field. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

[0086] The "floating radiator" mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a radiator that is not directly connected to the feed line / feed branch and / or ground line / ground branch, but is fed and / or grounded through indirect coupling.

[0087] It should be understood that "suspended" in "suspended end" or "suspended radiator" does not mean that there is no structure around the radiator to support it. In one embodiment, the suspended radiator may be, for example, a radiator disposed on the inner surface of an insulating back cover.

[0088] The current in the same direction / opposite direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application should be understood as the main current on the same side of the conductor being in the same direction / opposite direction. For example, when a current distributed in the same direction is excited on a conductor that is bent or looped (e.g., the current path is also bent or looped), it should be understood that, for example, the main current excited on the conductors on both sides of a looped conductor (e.g., on the conductors on both sides of a gap) is opposite in direction, but it still falls under the definition of current distributed in the same direction in the embodiments of this application. In one embodiment, current in the same direction on a conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has no reverse point. In one embodiment, current in opposite direction on a conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has at least one reverse point. In one embodiment, current in the same direction on two conductors can mean that the current on both conductors has no reverse point and flows in the same direction. In one embodiment, current in opposite direction on two conductors can mean that the current on both conductors has no reverse point and flows in opposite directions. Current in the same direction / opposite direction on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.

[0089] The "same direction / opposite direction" of electric fields mentioned in the embodiments of this application should be understood as the direction of the main electric field generated by the conductor in space (e.g., the electric field between the conductor and the ground) being the same direction / opposite direction. For example, when a unidirectionally distributed electric field is excited on a conductor that is bent or ring-shaped (e.g., the gap formed between the ground and the conductor is also bent or ring-shaped), it should be understood that, for example, the direction of the electric field in the gap is from the ground to the conductor, or from the conductor to the ground. Although the main electric field excited in the gaps on both sides of the ring-shaped conductor (e.g., the gaps on both sides of the gap surrounding a slit) is opposite in direction, it still falls under the definition of a unidirectionally distributed electric field in the embodiments of this application. In one embodiment, a unidirectional electric field between a conductor and the ground can mean that the electric field between the conductor and the ground has no opposite point. In one embodiment, an opposite electric field between a conductor and the ground can mean that the electric field between the conductor and the ground has at least one opposite point. In one embodiment, a unidirectional electric field between two conductors and the ground can mean that the electric fields between the two conductors and the ground have no opposite points and radiate in the same direction (e.g., the positive z-axis). In one embodiment, the opposite electric fields between two conductors and the ground can mean that the electric fields between the two conductors and the ground have no point of reversal and flow in opposite directions. Correspondingly, the same / opposite electric fields between multiple conductors and the ground can be understood.

[0090] Resonance / Resonant Frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, when the antenna / radiator mentioned in this application generates "first / second...resonance," the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to a specific design, and each antenna mode can correspond to a fundamental mode resonance.

[0091] Resonant frequency band: The range of resonant frequencies is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristics at any frequency point within the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.

[0092] Communication band / operating band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating band.

[0093] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band can be the same or can partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna can cover one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0094] Electrical length: can be the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. Electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0095] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0096] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency from 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0097] It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁻⁶. 8 m / s. The wavelength of the radiated signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: in, ε The wavelength is the relative permittivity of the medium. In the embodiments of this application, the wavelength typically refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, the "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be simply calculated using the relative permittivity of the medium filling one or more sides of the radiator.

[0098] Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.

[0099] Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by an antenna (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. Active power input to the antenna = antenna input power - loss power; loss power mainly includes return loss power and ohmic loss power of metals and / or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0100] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0101] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0102] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy the antenna reflects back, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna's system efficiency. Conversely, the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the antenna's system efficiency.

[0103] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0104] Ground (GND): Generally refers to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within a terminal device (such as a vehicle), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground" can be used for grounding components within the terminal device. In one embodiment, "ground" can be the grounding layer of the terminal device's circuit board, or a grounding metal layer formed by a ground plane formed within the frame of the terminal device or a metal film formed beneath the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and grounding layer electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace layers and / or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, an RF source is disposed on a trace layer.

[0105] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0106] Grounding: refers to coupling with the aforementioned ground / floor in any way. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as through a structural component of the mid-frame to achieve a physical ground at a specific location on the frame (or, physical ground). In another embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through devices like capacitors / inductors / resistors connected in series or parallel (or, device ground).

[0107] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0108] Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of the terminal device 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0109] It should be understood that the terminal device 100 may be a vehicle. For the sake of brevity, this embodiment of the application will only use the example of the terminal device 100 being a vehicle for explanation.

[0110] In one embodiment, vehicle 100 is configured in a fully or partially autonomous driving mode. For example, vehicle 100 can control itself while in autonomous driving mode, and can determine the current state of the vehicle and its surrounding environment through human intervention, determine the possible behaviors of at least one other vehicle in the surrounding environment, and determine the confidence level corresponding to the probability of that other vehicle performing the possible behavior, and control vehicle 100 based on the determined information. When vehicle 100 is in autonomous driving mode, vehicle 100 can be configured to operate without human interaction.

[0111] Vehicle 100 may include various subsystems, such as a mobility system 102, a sensor system 104, a control system 106, one or more interface devices 108, a power supply 110, a computer system 112, and a user interface 116. In one embodiment, vehicle 100 may include more or fewer subsystems, and each subsystem may include multiple components. Furthermore, each subsystem and component of vehicle 100 may be interconnected via wired or wireless means.

[0112] The propulsion system 102 may include components that provide powered motion to the vehicle 100. In one embodiment, the propulsion system 102 may include an engine 118, an energy source 119, a transmission 120, and wheels / tires 121. The engine 118 may be an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, an air-compressed engine, or other types of engine combinations, such as a hybrid engine consisting of a gasoline engine and an electric motor, or a hybrid engine consisting of an internal combustion engine and an air-compressed engine. The engine 118 converts the energy source 119 into mechanical energy.

[0113] Sensor system 104 may include several sensors for sensing information about the environment surrounding vehicle 100. For example, sensor system 104 may include a positioning system 122 (which may be a GPS system, a BeiDou system, or another positioning system), an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 124, radar 126, a laser rangefinder 128, and a camera 130. Sensor system 104 may also include sensors for the internal systems of the monitored vehicle 100 (e.g., an in-vehicle air quality monitor, fuel gauge, oil temperature gauge, etc.). Sensor data from one or more of these sensors can be used to detect objects and their corresponding characteristics (position, shape, orientation, speed, etc.). This detection and identification is a key function for the safe operation of autonomous vehicle 100.

[0114] The control system 106 controls the operation of the vehicle 100 and its components. The control system 106 may include various elements, including a steering system 132, a throttle 134, a braking unit 136, a sensor fusion algorithm 138, a computer vision system 140, a route control system 142, and an obstacle avoidance system 144.

[0115] Vehicle 100 interacts with external sensors, other vehicles, other computer systems, or users via interface device 108. Interface device 108 may include wireless communication system 146, on-board computer 148, microphone 150, and / or speaker 152.

[0116] In some embodiments, interface device 108 provides a means for a user of vehicle 100 to interact with user interface 116. For example, on-board computer 148 may provide information to the user of vehicle 100. User interface 116 may also operate on-board computer 148 to receive user input. On-board computer 148 may be operated via a touchscreen. In other cases, interface device 108 may provide a means for vehicle 100 to communicate with other devices located within the vehicle. For example, microphone 150 may receive audio (e.g., voice commands or other audio input) from a user of vehicle 100. Similarly, speaker 152 may output audio to a user of vehicle 100.

[0117] The wireless communication system 146 can communicate wirelessly with one or more devices directly or via a communication network. For example, the wireless communication system 146 can achieve wireless communication via an onboard antenna, such as using 3G cellular communication, or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), 4G cellular communication (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G cellular communication, etc.). The wireless communication system 146 can communicate with a wireless local area network (WLAN) via the onboard antenna using WiFi. In some embodiments, the wireless communication system 146 can communicate directly with devices using an infrared link, Bluetooth, or ZigBee. Other wireless protocols, such as various vehicle communication systems, are also possible. For example, the wireless communication system 146 may include one or more dedicated short range communications (DSRC) devices, which may include public and / or private data communications between the vehicle and / or roadside stations.

[0118] Some or all of the functions of vehicle 100 are controlled by computer system 112. Computer system 112 may include at least one processor 113, which executes instructions 115 stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as data storage device 114. Computer system 112 may also be multiple computing devices that control individual components or subsystems of vehicle 100 in a distributed manner.

[0119] User interface 116 is used to provide information to or receive information from a user of vehicle 100. In one embodiment, user interface 116 may include one or more input / output devices within a set of interface devices 108, such as wireless communication system 146, on-board computer 148, microphone 150, and speaker 152.

[0120] In one embodiment, one or more of these components may be installed or associated separately from vehicle 100. For example, data storage device 114 may exist partially or completely separately from vehicle 100. The components may be communicatively coupled together in a wired and / or wireless manner.

[0121] In one embodiment, the above components are just an example. In actual applications, the components in the above modules may be added or deleted according to actual needs. Figure 1 should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0122] The aforementioned vehicle 100 can be a car, truck, motorcycle, bus, ship, airplane, helicopter, lawnmower, recreational vehicle, amusement park vehicle, construction equipment, tram, golf cart, train, or handcart, etc., and this application embodiment does not impose any special limitations.

[0123] With the development of communication technology, the number of antennas that need to be installed on vehicles is increasing. In the 5G era, vehicle antennas need to include 4G / 5G antennas, GNSS antennas, V2X antennas, BLE antennas, WiFi antennas, RKE antennas, etc. For example, V2X antennas can be used in V2X systems for communication within the system, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-people (V2P), and vehicle-to-network (V2N), as shown in Figure 2. Among these, V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) communication refers to direct communication between vehicles, allowing the vehicle to act as a terminal device capable of receiving and sending basic vehicle data. V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) communication refers to communication between vehicles and surrounding infrastructure, such as traffic lights and roadside equipment at intersections. V2P (Vehicle-to-Person) communication primarily occurs through wearable devices, mobile phones, and computers. V2N (Vehicle-to-Nearby) communication refers to communication between vehicles and the edge cloud. For example, at an intersection, if two vehicles traveling in opposite directions fail to slow down due to blind spots, an accident could occur. If there is a building separating the two vehicles, the edge cloud can receive basic vehicle data from both vehicles through roadside equipment, process the data, and then send the results back to the vehicles to warn the drivers. 4G / 5G antennas can be used for vehicle-to-cellular network communication, such as making voice calls. GNSS antennas can be used for vehicle-to-satellite communication to obtain the vehicle's current location information. WiFi antennas can be used for vehicle-to-device communication within the same WiFi environment for data exchange. BLE antennas can be used for communication between vehicles and Bluetooth-enabled terminal devices to exchange data. RKE antennas can be used for communication between vehicles using keys, enabling users to utilize keyless entry functionality.

[0124] In vehicle design, antennas are typically mounted on a shark fin antenna mounted on the vehicle's roof or within a built-in communication module (Telematics Box, or vehicle Tbox). However, the internal space of the shark fin or communication module is limited, and placing multiple antennas operating on the same frequency band within that space can lead to poor isolation between them. Therefore, figuring out how to fit multiple antennas operating on the same frequency band within the available space has become a major challenge in the industry.

[0125] This application provides an antenna device and a terminal device. The antenna device includes a PCB, a first antenna, and a second antenna. The radiator of the first antenna is disposed along a first side of the PCB, and the radiator of the second antenna is disposed along a second side of the PCB, the first side and the second side being two opposite sides of the PCB. The resonant frequency bands of the first resonance generated by the first antenna and the resonant frequency bands of the third resonance generated by the second antenna include at least a portion of the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency bands of the second resonance generated by the first antenna and the resonant frequency bands of the fourth resonance generated by the second antenna include at least a portion of the second operating frequency band. The first antenna and the second antenna have good isolation.

[0126] First, Figures 3 and 4 will be used to introduce the four antenna modes involved in this application. Figure 3 shows the structure of the common-mode antenna provided in this application and a schematic diagram of the corresponding current and electric field distribution. Figure 4 shows the structure of the differential-mode antenna provided in this application and a schematic diagram of the corresponding current and electric field distribution. The antenna radiators in Figures 3 and 4 are open at both ends; their common-mode and differential-mode modes can be referred to as the line common-mode and line differential-mode, respectively.

[0127] It should be understood that the “common-differential mode” or “CM-DM mode” in this application refers to the linear common-mode mode and the linear differential-mode mode generated on the same radiator.

[0128] 1. Common mode (CM) mode

[0129] Figure 3(a) shows an antenna 40 with open ends to the radiator and a feed circuit (not shown) connected at the middle position 41. In one embodiment, the antenna 40 is fed in a symmetrical feed configuration. The feed circuit can be connected to the middle position 41 of the antenna 40 via a feed wire 42. It should be understood that a symmetrical feed can be understood as one end of the feed circuit being connected to the radiator and the other end being grounded, wherein the connection point between the feed circuit and the radiator (the feed point) is located at the center of the radiator, which may be, for example, the midpoint of the geometric structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or a certain area within a certain range near the aforementioned midpoint).

[0130] The middle position 41 of the antenna 40 may be, for example, the geometric center of the antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the connection point between the feed line 42 and the antenna 40, which covers the middle position 41.

[0131] Figure 3(b) shows the current and electric field distribution of antenna 40. As shown in Figure 3(b), the current exhibits an opposite distribution on both sides of the middle position 41, for example, a symmetrical distribution; the electric field exhibits a same-direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41. As shown in Figure 3(b), the current at the feed line 42 exhibits a same-direction distribution. Based on the same-direction current distribution at the feed line 42, the feeding method shown in Figure 3(a) can be called a line CM feed. Based on the opposite current distribution on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feed line 42, the antenna mode shown in Figure 3(b) can be called a line CM mode (or simply CM mode; for example, for a line antenna, CM mode refers to the line CM mode). The current and electric field shown in Figure 3(b) can be referred to as the current and electric field of the line CM mode, respectively.

[0132] The current is stronger at the middle position 41 of antenna 40 (the current is larger near the middle position 41 of antenna 40), and weaker at both ends of antenna 40, as shown in Figure 3(b). The electric field is weaker at the middle position 41 of antenna 40, and stronger at both ends of antenna 40.

[0133] 2. Differential mode (DM)

[0134] As shown in Figure 4(a), the two radiators of antenna 50 have open ends on both sides, and a feed circuit is connected at the middle position 51. In one embodiment, the antenna 50 is fed using an anti-symmetrical feed. One end of the feed circuit is connected to one of the radiators via a feed wire 52, and the other end of the feed circuit is connected to the other radiator via a feed wire 52. The middle position 51 can be the geometric center of antenna 50, or the gap formed between the radiators.

[0135] It should be understood that the "center-antisymmetric feeding" mentioned in this application can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit being connected to two connection points near the midpoint of the radiator. In one embodiment, the signal amplitudes output by the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are the same, but the phases are opposite, for example, the phase difference is 180°±10°.

[0136] Figure 4(b) shows the current and electric field distribution of antenna 50. As shown in Figure 4(b), the current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 51 of antenna 50, for example, an antisymmetric distribution; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 51. As shown in Figure 4(b), the current at the feed line 52 is distributed in opposite directions. Based on the opposite current distribution at the feed line 52, the feeding method shown in Figure 4(a) can be called a line DM feed. Based on the current being distributed in the same direction on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feed line 52, the antenna mode shown in Figure 4(b) can be called a line DM mode (or simply DM mode; for example, for a line antenna, DM mode refers to the line DM mode). The current and electric field shown in Figure 4(b) can be referred to as the current and electric field of the line DM mode, respectively.

[0137] The current is stronger at the middle position 51 of antenna 50 (the current is larger near the middle position 51 of antenna 50), and weaker at both ends of antenna 50, as shown in Figure 4(b). The electric field is weaker at the middle position 51 of antenna 50, and stronger at both ends of the linear antenna 50.

[0138] It should be understood that an antenna radiator can be considered as a metal structural component that generates radiation. The number of radiators can be one, as shown in Figure 3, or two, as shown in Figure 4, depending on actual design or production needs. For example, in a linear CM mode, two radiators can be used as shown in Figure 4, with their ends facing each other and separated by a gap. Symmetrical feeding is used at the two ends that are close to each other; for example, feeding the same feed source signal at the two ends that are close to each other can achieve a similar effect to the antenna structure shown in Figure 3. Correspondingly, in a linear DM mode, one radiator can be used as shown in Figure 3, with two feed points located in the middle of the radiator and using anti-symmetrical feeding. For example, feeding signals with the same amplitude but opposite phase to the two symmetrical feed points on the radiator can achieve a similar effect to the antenna structure shown in Figure 4.

[0139] 3. Line CM-DM mode

[0140] Figures 3 and 4 above show the line CM mode and line DM mode generated by different feeding methods when both ends of the radiator are open.

[0141] When the antenna is fed asymmetrically (the feed point is off-center from the radiator, including side-feed or offset feed), or when the grounding point of the radiator (coupled to the ground) is asymmetrical (off-center from the radiator), the antenna can simultaneously generate a first resonance and a second resonance, corresponding to the line CM mode and the line DM mode, respectively. For example, the first resonance corresponds to the line CM mode, and the current and electric field distribution is shown in Figure 3(b). The second resonance corresponds to the line DM mode, and the current and electric field distribution is shown in Figure 4(b).

[0142] Since the above antennas can generate two operating modes (the electric field is orthogonal (the electric field product in the far field is zero, which is an integral orthogonal distribution)) with symmetrical or antisymmetric electric field distribution, the isolation between the two operating modes of this antenna structure is good, and it can be applied to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems in terminal equipment.

[0143] Meanwhile, when the two antenna structures operate in two different modes (the electric field is symmetrically distributed or antisymmetrically distributed) with orthogonal electric fields (the electric field product in the far field is zero (integral orthogonal)), the two antenna structures also have good isolation and can be used as sub-units in the MIMO antenna system of terminal equipment.

[0144] It should be understood that the two antenna structures can be interpreted as antenna structures fed with signals by a first feed circuit and a second feed circuit, respectively. The first feed circuit and the second feed circuit are different. In the terminal device, the first feed circuit and the second feed circuit can be different radio frequency channels in the radio frequency chip (RF IC).

[0145] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0146] It should be understood that the antenna device 200 described in the embodiments of this application can all be used in the terminal device 100 in the above embodiments. For example, the terminal device 100 can be a vehicle. In one embodiment, the antenna device 200 can be a shark fin antenna or a communication module in the terminal device 100. For example, the antenna device 200 can be an in-vehicle communication module (e.g., an in-vehicle TBOX) in a vehicle. For example, the first antenna or the second antenna includes at least one of a vehicle's cellular antenna, GNSS antenna, WiFi antenna, BLE antenna, or RKE antenna.

[0147] As shown in Figure 5, the antenna device 200 includes a first antenna 300, a second antenna 400, and a printed circuit board (PCB) 500.

[0148] PCB 500 includes a metal layer 510, as shown in FIG7. In one embodiment, the metal layer 510 may serve as the ground plane for the antenna in antenna device 200.

[0149] PCB 500 may also include a first side 501 and a second side 502 that are positioned opposite each other. The first side 501 and the second side 502 can be connected by at least one side.

[0150] The first antenna 300 includes a first radiator 310, a first feed circuit 320, and a capacitive element 330.

[0151] In one embodiment, the first radiator 310 can be bent to save layout space for the first antenna 300, as shown in FIG6.

[0152] The first radiator 310 and PCB 500 are spaced apart. The first and second ends of the first radiator 310 are open ends.

[0153] The first radiator 310 is disposed along the first side 501 of the PCB 500.

[0154] It should be understood that the first radiator 310 being disposed along the first side 501 can be interpreted as the extension direction of the first radiator 310 being in the same direction as the extension direction of the first side 501, and the first radiator 310 being disposed close to the first side 501. Wherein, the extension direction of the first radiator 310 being in the same direction as the extension direction of the first side 501 can be understood as the angle between the extension direction of more than 50% of the first radiator 310 and the extension direction of the first side 501 being less than or equal to 30°. The first radiator 310 being disposed close to the first side 501 can be understood as the minimum distance between the first radiator 310 and the first side 501 in a first direction being less than or equal to a first threshold, where the first direction can be understood as a direction perpendicular to the first side 501, such as the x-direction. Alternatively, the first radiator 310 being disposed close to the first side 501 can be understood as the minimum distance between the projection of the first radiator 310 on the PCB 500 and the first side 501 being less than or equal to the first threshold. In one embodiment, the first threshold is 20mm, 10mm, or 5mm. For the sake of brevity, the description of setting along a certain edge in the embodiments of this application can be understood accordingly, and will not be repeated one by one.

[0155] The first radiator 310 includes a first ground point 311 and a first feed point 312. The first ground point 311 is located in the central region of the first radiator 310. A capacitive element 330 is coupled between the first ground point 311 and the metal layer 510. A first feed circuit 320 is coupled to the first feed point 312.

[0156] It should be understood that the central region of the first radiator 310 can be understood as the region within 5 mm of the center of the first radiator 310, and the lengths of the first radiators 310 on both sides of the center of the first radiator 310 are the same. For the sake of brevity, the central region mentioned in the embodiments of this application can all be understood accordingly, and will not be described in detail again.

[0157] In one embodiment, the first antenna 300 further includes a first grounding element 331. A first grounding point 311 is coupled to the metal layer 510 through the first grounding element 331. A first end of the first grounding element 331 is coupled to the first grounding point 311. A second end of the first grounding element 331 is coupled to the metal layer 510.

[0158] It should be understood that when the first end of the first grounding member 331 is coupled to the first grounding point 311, the fact that the first grounding point 311 is located in the central region of the first radiator 310 can be understood as at least a portion of the first end of the first grounding member 331 being located in the central region. For the sake of brevity, similar descriptions in the embodiments of this application can be understood accordingly and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0159] In one embodiment, the first antenna 300 further includes a first feed element 321. The first feed point 312 is coupled to the first feed circuit 320 through the first feed element 321.

[0160] The second antenna 400 includes a second radiator 410 and a second feed circuit 420.

[0161] In one embodiment, the second radiator 410 can be bent to save layout space for the second antenna 400, as shown in Figure 6.

[0162] The second radiator 310 and PCB 500 are spaced apart. The first and second ends of the second radiator 310 are open ends.

[0163] The second radiator 410 is disposed along the second side 502 of the PCB 500.

[0164] The second radiator 410 includes a second ground point 411 and a second feed point 412. The second ground point 411 is located in the central region of the second radiator 410. The second ground point 411 is coupled to the metal layer 510. The second feed circuit 420 is coupled to the second feed point 412.

[0165] In one embodiment, the second antenna 400 further includes a second grounding element 431. A second grounding point 411 is coupled to the metal layer 510 via the second grounding element 431. A first end of the second grounding element 431 is coupled to the second grounding point 411. A second end of the second grounding element 431 is coupled to the metal layer 510.

[0166] In one embodiment, the second antenna 400 further includes a second feed element 421. The second feed point 412 is coupled to the second feed circuit 420 via the second feed element 421.

[0167] The length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×1.05≤L1.

[0168] It should be understood that, due to the limited internal space of the antenna device 200, the radiator can be in the form of a broken line. The length of the radiator can be understood as the length of the radiator after it is unfolded, or as the sum of the lengths of the radiator extending in all directions, as shown in Figure 8.

[0169] The first radiator 310, the first feed circuit 320, and the capacitive element 330 are used to generate the first resonance and the second resonance. The second radiator 410 and the second feed circuit 420 are used to generate the third resonance and the fourth resonance.

[0170] The resonant frequency bands of the first and third resonances include frequency bands of the same or adjacent frequencies. And / or, the resonant frequency bands of the second and fourth resonances include frequency bands of the same or adjacent frequencies.

[0171] It should be understood that the resonant frequency bands of the first and third resonances including co-frequency bands can be interpreted as the first and third resonances including the same communication frequency band. In one embodiment, the first and third resonances can be applied to a MIMO antenna system. For example, if both the first and third resonance frequency bands include the sub-6GHz band in 5G, then the first and third resonance frequency bands can be considered to include co-frequency bands. The first and third resonance frequency bands at least partially overlap in frequency. For example, if the first resonance frequency band includes B35 (1.85-1.91GHz) in LTE and the third resonance frequency band includes B39 (1.88-1.92GHz) in LTE, and their frequencies partially overlap, then the first and third resonance frequency bands can be considered to include co-frequency bands.

[0172] The resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the resonant frequency bands of the third resonance, including adjacent frequency bands, can be understood as having no frequency overlap between the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the resonant frequency bands of the third resonance, and the minimum frequency difference between the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the resonant frequency bands of the third resonance is less than or equal to one-tenth of the resonant frequency of the first resonance or one-tenth of the resonant frequency of the third resonance.

[0173] For the sake of brevity, the same-frequency or adjacent-frequency bands mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be understood accordingly, and will not be described in detail.

[0174] According to an embodiment of this application, the first antenna 300 generates a first resonance and a second resonance using a line DM mode and a line CM mode. The second antenna 400 can generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance using a line CM mode and a line DM mode.

[0175] Because there is good isolation between the resonances generated by the line CM mode and the resonances generated by the line DM mode, the resonant frequency bands of the first and third resonances include co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands, and there is good isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands. Similarly, the resonant frequency bands of the second and fourth resonances include co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands, and there is good isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands.

[0176] The first antenna 300 generates a first resonance in line DM mode. At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator 310 is in the same direction on both sides of the first grounding point 311, as shown in Figure 9.

[0177] The first antenna 300 generates a second resonance in the line CM mode. At the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on the first radiator 310 reverses on both sides of the first ground point 311, as shown in Figure 10.

[0178] It should be understood that the current in the second radiator 410 can also be understood accordingly when the second antenna 400 generates the third and fourth resonances. When the second antenna 400 generates the third resonance in line CM mode, the current in the second radiator 410 is reversed on both sides of the second ground point 411 at the resonance point of the third resonance. When the second antenna 400 generates the fourth resonance in line DM mode, the current in the second radiator 410 is in the same direction on both sides of the second ground point 411 at the resonance point of the fourth resonance.

[0179] In the above embodiments, the characteristics of the resonances generated by the line CM mode and the line DM mode are shown only in terms of current. In one embodiment, the characteristics of the resonances generated by the line CM mode and the line DM mode may further include the radiation pattern.

[0180] For example, at the resonant point of the first resonance (fourth resonance), the radiation pattern generated by the first antenna 300 (second antenna 400) is circular (e.g., similar to a donut), and has good radiation characteristics in the yoz plane. The radiation characteristics are poor (radiation null point) located in the first direction, which can be understood as the direction from the first radiator 310 to the second radiator 410, for example, the x direction.

[0181] At the resonant point of the second resonance (third resonance), the radiation pattern generated by the first antenna 300 (second antenna 400) is spindle-shaped, with good radiation characteristics in the second direction. The radiation characteristics are poor (radiation null point) located in the yoz plane. The second direction can be understood as the direction perpendicular to PCB500, for example, the z direction.

[0182] When the antenna can resonate in both linear CM mode and linear DM mode, the current path corresponding to the linear CM mode is longer because the ground plane (e.g., the metal layer 510 in the above embodiment) participates in the resonance generated by the linear CM mode (which can be understood as having a strong current on the ground plane when the linear CM mode resonates). Therefore, the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the linear CM mode is usually lower, while the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the linear DM mode is higher.

[0183] In the above embodiment, a capacitive element 330 is coupled between the first ground point 311 and the metal layer 510. The capacitive element 330 can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the second resonance generated by the line CM mode. The capacitive element 330 can shift the resonant frequency of the second resonance generated by the line CM mode to a higher frequency, greater than the resonant frequency of the first resonance generated by the line DM mode. In this case, increasing the length of the first radiator 310 shifts both the resonant frequency of the first resonance and the second resonant frequency to a lower frequency, so that the first resonance of the first antenna 300 and the third resonance of the second antenna 400 both include the same or adjacent frequency bands, and the second resonance of the first antenna 300 and the fourth resonance of the second antenna 400 both include the same or adjacent frequency bands. Since the first antenna 300 generates the first and second resonances by the line DM mode and the line CM mode, and the second antenna 400 generates the third and fourth resonances by the line CM mode and the line DM mode, there is good isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in the aforementioned same or adjacent frequency bands.

[0184] In one embodiment, the length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1 ≤ L2 × 1.3.

[0185] It should be understood that when the length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator are approximately the same, the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 have better symmetry and good isolation.

[0186] In one embodiment, the resonant frequency bands of the first and third resonances include a first operating frequency band. The resonant frequency bands of the second and fourth resonances include a second operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is different from the second operating frequency band.

[0187] It should be understood that an operating frequency band includes a frequency range, such as the low band (LB) (698MHz-960MHz), middle band (MB) (1710MHz-2170MHz), or high band (HB) (2300MHz-2690MHz) in a cellular network. Taking the operating frequency band of antenna device 200 as LB (698MHz-960MHz) as an example, this operating frequency band may include multiple communication frequency bands belonging to this frequency range, such as B5, B8, etc., which can all be understood accordingly in the embodiments of this application.

[0188] The resonant frequency band of the first resonance is used to support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance is used to support the second operating frequency band. The first antenna 300 has two different operating frequency bands. The resonant frequency band of the third resonance is used to support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance is used to support the second operating frequency band. The second antenna 400 has two different operating frequency bands.

[0189] In one embodiment, the resonant frequency bands of the first and second resonators are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency bands of the third and fourth resonators are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band.

[0190] It should be understood that the resonant frequency bands of the first and second resonances are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band so that the first antenna 300 has a wider operating frequency band. The resonant frequency bands of the third and fourth resonances are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band so that the second antenna 400 has a wider operating frequency band. In one embodiment, the first operating frequency band includes the LB (698MHz-960MHz) in the cellular network.

[0191] In one embodiment, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is less than the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance, and satisfies: f2 - f1 ≤ f2 × 0.3. In another embodiment, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is less than the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance, and satisfies: f2 - f1 ≤ f2 × 0.2. In yet another embodiment, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is less than the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance, and satisfies: f2 × 0.05 ≤ f2 - f1 ≤ f2 × 0.15.

[0192] In one embodiment, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance is less than the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, and satisfies: f4 - f3 ≤ f4 × 0.3. In another embodiment, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance is less than the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, and satisfies: f4 - f3 ≤ f4 × 0.2. In yet another embodiment, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance is less than the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, and satisfies: f4 × 0.05 ≤ f4 - f3 ≤ f4 × 0.15.

[0193] It should be understood that when the resonant frequencies of the resonances generated by the line CM mode and the resonant frequencies of the resonances generated by the line DM mode are within the aforementioned ranges, the first antenna 300 (the second antenna 400) has a wider operating bandwidth. For example, when the center frequency of the first operating frequency band is less than or equal to 1 GHz, f2-f1 ≤ 300 MHz, or f4-f3 ≤ 300 MHz. When the center frequency of the first operating frequency band is greater than or equal to 1 GHz and less than or equal to 2 GHz, f2-f1 ≤ 600 MHz, or f4-f3 ≤ 600 MHz. When the center frequency of the first operating frequency band is greater than or equal to 2 GHz and less than or equal to 3 GHz, f2-f1 ≤ 900 MHz, or f4-f3 ≤ 900 MHz.

[0194] In one embodiment, the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance satisfy: |f1-f3|≤f1×0.1.

[0195] In one embodiment, the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance satisfy: |f2-f4|≤f2×0.1.

[0196] It should be understood that the first antenna 300 generates the first and second resonances through line DM mode and line CM mode, and the second antenna 400 generates the third and fourth resonances through line CM mode and line DM mode. When the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is close to the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance, and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance is close to the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 have good isolation. For example, |f1-f3|≤50MHz, |f2-f4|≤50MHz.

[0197] In one embodiment, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 is greater than or equal to 2 mm, as shown in Figure 7. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 is greater than or equal to 5 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 is greater than or equal to 10 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to 30 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to 20 mm.

[0198] It should be understood that the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 in the above embodiments is only exemplified when the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz. When the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are greater than 3 GHz, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 can be less than 2 mm, for example, less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0199] In one embodiment, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to one-fifth of the length L1 of the first radiator 310. In another embodiment, the minimum distance H1 between the first radiator 310 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to one-eighth of the length L1 of the first radiator 310.

[0200] In one embodiment, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 is greater than or equal to 2 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 is greater than or equal to 5 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 is greater than or equal to 10 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to 30 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to 20 mm.

[0201] It should be understood that the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 in the above embodiments is only exemplified when the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz. When the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are greater than 3 GHz, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 can be less than 2 mm, for example, less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0202] In one embodiment, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to one-fifth of the length L2 of the second radiator 410. In another embodiment, the minimum distance H2 between the second radiator 410 and the PCB 500 is less than or equal to one-eighth of the length L2 of the second radiator 410.

[0203] It should be understood that the minimum distance between the radiator and PCB500 can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode.

[0204] In this case, since the ground plane (such as the metal layer 510 in the above embodiment) participates in the resonance generated by the line CM mode (which can be understood as the ground plane having a strong current when the line CM mode generates resonance), as the minimum distance between the radiator and the PCB 500 increases, the current path corresponding to the line CM mode increases, and the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode shifts to a lower frequency.

[0205] Correspondingly, when the minimum distance between the radiator and PCB500 decreases, the current path corresponding to the line CM mode becomes shorter, and the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode shifts to a higher frequency.

[0206] In one embodiment, the minimum distance between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 410 is less than or equal to the length L1 of the first radiator 310 and / or the length L2 of the second radiator 410.

[0207] It should be understood that the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 can be arranged in a relatively compact space, in which the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 still have good isolation.

[0208] In one embodiment, the minimum distance between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 410 is greater than or equal to the length of the first side 501. In another embodiment, the minimum distance between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 410 is greater than or equal to the length of the second side 502.

[0209] It should be understood that the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 410 can be spaced apart along the length of the PCB 500. As the distance between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 410 increases, the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 have better isolation.

[0210] In one embodiment, the PCB can be rectangular, and the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 410 can extend along the width direction of the PCB 500 (set along the short side of the PCB) and be spaced apart along the length direction of the PCB 500.

[0211] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity, the PCB in this embodiment is only described as a rectangle. In actual production or design, the PCB may also be other shapes, which will not be elaborated on here.

[0212] In one embodiment, the first feed point 312 and the second feed point 412 are located on the same side of the line connecting the first ground point 311 and the second ground point 411.

[0213] It should be understood that as the overall symmetry of the antenna device 200 increases, the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 can have better isolation.

[0214] In one embodiment, the distance between the first power supply point 312 and the first grounding point 311 is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0215] It should be understood that the distance between the first feed point 312 and the first ground point 311 in the above embodiments is only exemplified when the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3GHz. When the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are greater than 3GHz, the distance between the first feed point 312 and the first ground point 311 can be less than 10mm, for example, less than or equal to 5mm.

[0216] In one embodiment, the distance between the second power supply point 412 and the second grounding point 411 is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0217] It should be understood that the distance between the second feed point 412 and the second ground point 411 in the above embodiments is only exemplified when the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3GHz. When the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are greater than 3GHz, the distance between the second feed point 412 and the second ground point 411 can be less than 10mm, for example, less than or equal to 5mm.

[0218] In one embodiment, the first feed point 312 is located in the central region of the first radiator 310.

[0219] In one embodiment, the second feed point 412 is located in the central region of the second radiator 410.

[0220] It should be understood that when the resonant frequencies of the antennas are the same, setting the feed point closer to the ground point results in a larger antenna radiating aperture and better radiation efficiency.

[0221] In the case where the feed point is coupled to the feed circuit through the feed element and the ground point is coupled to the metal layer 510 through the ground element, the distance between the feed point and the ground point can be understood as the minimum distance between the feed element and the ground element. When the feed point is coupled to the feed circuit through the feed element, the feed point being located in the central region of the radiator can be understood as at least a portion of the end of the feed element connected to the radiator being located in the aforementioned central region.

[0222] In one embodiment, PCB 500 includes a virtual axis, and PCB 500 is symmetrical on both sides of the virtual axis. First antenna 300 and second antenna 400 are located on both sides of the virtual axis, respectively.

[0223] It should be understood that as the overall symmetry of the antenna device 200 increases, the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 can have better isolation.

[0224] In engineering design, due to factors such as conventional avoidance and errors, if the overlap of the PCB500 on both sides of the virtual axis is greater than or equal to 90%, the PCB500 on both sides of the virtual axis can be considered symmetrical. The symmetry along the virtual axis described in the embodiments of this application can be understood accordingly, and will not be elaborated further.

[0225] In one embodiment, the PCB 500 including a virtual axis can also be understood as the metal layer 510 including a virtual axis, and the metal layers 510 on both sides of the virtual axis are symmetrical.

[0226] It should be understood that since the metal layer 510 has multiple openings or irregular clearance grooves, the symmetry of the metal layer 510 can be understood as the symmetry of the outer contour of the metal layer 510.

[0227] In one embodiment, the first grounding element 331 includes an insulating gap 332, as shown in FIG7. The capacitive element 330 includes an insulating gap 332.

[0228] It should be understood that the capacitive element 330 described in the embodiments of this application can be a distributed device or a lumped device. For the sake of brevity, this embodiment of the application only uses the example of the capacitive element 330 being a distributed device for explanation. This embodiment of the application does not impose any restrictions on this, and can be determined according to actual production or design, and will not be elaborated further.

[0229] When the capacitive element 330 is a distributed device, the equivalent capacitance value of the capacitive element 330 can be understood as the equivalent capacitance value between the metal conductors on both sides of the capacitive element 330. For example, when the capacitive element 330 includes an insulating gap 332, the equivalent capacitance value of the capacitive element 330 is the equivalent capacitance value between the metal conductors on both sides of the insulating gap 332.

[0230] In one embodiment, the equivalent capacitance of the capacitive element 330 is greater than or equal to 0.2 pF and less than or equal to 3 pF. In another embodiment, the equivalent capacitance of the capacitive element 330 is greater than or equal to 0.5 pF and less than or equal to 2 pF.

[0231] It should be understood that the equivalent capacitance value of the capacitive element 330 can be determined according to actual production or design. For example, as the operating frequency increases, the equivalent capacitance value decreases. This application embodiment does not limit this and can determine it according to actual production or design.

[0232] Figures 11 and 12 show the simulation results of the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 6. Figure 11 shows the S-parameter simulation results of the first antenna 300 in the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 6. Figure 12 shows the simulation results of the isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 6.

[0233] As shown in Figure 11, the first antenna can resonate around 1.05 GHz and 1.25 GHz. The resonance around 1.05 GHz corresponds to the first resonance described in the above embodiments, which can be generated by the line DM mode. The resonance around 1.25 GHz corresponds to the second resonance described in the above embodiments, which can be generated by the line CM mode.

[0234] With S11 < -4dB as the boundary, the resonant frequency band of the first antenna can include 1GHz to 1.5GHz.

[0235] As shown in Figure 12, the figure indicates the frequencies at which the isolation between the first and second antennas is high, as well as the specific isolation levels. Referring to the markings in the figure, the first and second antennas can have two high isolation points: around 1.11 GHz and 1.19 GHz.

[0236] Between 1 GHz and 1.5 GHz, there is good isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna, with an isolation greater than 8 dB.

[0237] Figure 13 is a structural schematic diagram of another antenna device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0238] As shown in Figure 13, the antenna device 200 includes a first antenna 300, a second antenna 400, and a PCB 500.

[0239] PCB500 includes a metal layer. In one embodiment, the metal layer may serve as the ground plane for the antenna in antenna device 200.

[0240] PCB 500 may also include a first side 501 and a second side 502 that are positioned opposite each other. The first side 501 and the second side 502 can be connected by at least one side.

[0241] The first antenna 300 includes a first radiator 310, a first feed circuit 320, and a capacitive element 330.

[0242] The first radiator 310 and PCB 500 are spaced apart. The first and second ends of the first radiator 310 are open ends.

[0243] The first radiator 310 is disposed along the first side 501 of the PCB 500.

[0244] The first radiator 310 includes a first ground point 311 and a first feed point 312. The first ground point 311 is located in the central region of the first radiator 310. The first ground point 311 is coupled to a metal layer. The first feed circuit 320 is coupled to the first feed point 312.

[0245] The capacitive element 330 is coupled between the first end and the second end of the first radiator 310.

[0246] The second antenna 400 includes a second radiator 410 and a second feed circuit 420.

[0247] The second radiator 310 and PCB 500 are spaced apart. The first and second ends of the second radiator 310 are open ends.

[0248] The second radiator 410 is disposed along the second side 502 of the PCB 500.

[0249] The second radiator 410 includes a second ground point 411 and a second feed point 412. The second ground point 411 is located in the central region of the second radiator 410. The second ground point 411 is coupled to the metal layer 510. The second feed circuit 420 is coupled to the second feed point 412.

[0250] The length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1≤L2×0.95.

[0251] The first radiator 310, the first feed circuit 320, and the capacitive element 330 are used to generate the first resonance and the second resonance. The second radiator 410 and the second feed circuit 420 are used to generate the third resonance and the fourth resonance.

[0252] The resonant frequency bands of the first and third resonances include frequency bands of the same or adjacent frequencies. And / or, the resonant frequency bands of the second and fourth resonances include frequency bands of the same or adjacent frequencies.

[0253] According to an embodiment of this application, the first antenna 300 generates a first resonance and a second resonance using a line DM mode and a line CM mode. The second antenna 400 can generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance using a line CM mode and a line DM mode.

[0254] Because there is good isolation between the resonances generated by the line CM mode and the resonances generated by the line DM mode, the resonant frequency bands of the first and third resonances include co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands, and there is good isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands. Similarly, the resonant frequency bands of the second and fourth resonances include co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands, and there is good isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in co-frequency or adjacent frequency bands.

[0255] The first antenna 300 generates a first resonance in line DM mode. At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator 310 is in the same direction on both sides of the first grounding point 311.

[0256] The first antenna 300 generates a second resonance in the line CM mode. At the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on the first radiator 310 reverses on both sides of the first ground point 311.

[0257] It should be understood that the current in the second radiator 410 can also be understood accordingly when the second antenna 400 generates the third and fourth resonances. When the second antenna 400 generates the third resonance in line CM mode, the current in the second radiator 410 is reversed on both sides of the second ground point 411 at the resonance point of the third resonance. When the second antenna 400 generates the fourth resonance in line DM mode, the current in the second radiator 410 is in the same direction on both sides of the second ground point 411 at the resonance point of the fourth resonance.

[0258] In the above embodiments, the characteristics of the resonances generated by the line CM mode and the line DM mode are shown only in terms of current. In one embodiment, the characteristics of the resonances generated by the line CM mode and the line DM mode may further include the radiation pattern.

[0259] For example, at the resonant point of the first resonance (fourth resonance), the radiation pattern generated by the first antenna 300 (second antenna 400) is circular (e.g., similar to a donut), and has good radiation characteristics in the yoz plane. The radiation characteristics are poor (radiation null point) located in the first direction, which can be understood as the direction from the first radiator 310 to the second radiator 410, for example, the x direction.

[0260] At the resonant point of the second resonance (third resonance), the radiation pattern generated by the first antenna 300 (second antenna 400) is spindle-shaped, with good radiation characteristics in the second direction. The radiation characteristics are poor (radiation null point) located in the yoz plane. The second direction can be understood as the direction perpendicular to PCB500, for example, the z direction.

[0261] When the antenna can resonate in both linear CM mode and linear DM mode, the current path corresponding to the linear CM mode is longer because the ground plane (e.g., the metal layer 510 in the above embodiment) participates in the resonance generated by the linear CM mode (which can be understood as having a strong current on the ground plane when the linear CM mode resonates). Therefore, the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the linear CM mode is usually lower, while the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the linear DM mode is higher.

[0262] The only difference between the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 13 and the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 6 is the position of the capacitive element 330.

[0263] In the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 6, a capacitive element 330 is coupled between the first ground point 311 and the metal layer 510. The capacitive element 330 can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the second resonance generated by the line CM mode. The capacitive element 330 can shift the resonant frequency of the second resonance generated by the line CM mode to a higher frequency, greater than the resonant frequency of the first resonance generated by the line DM mode. In this case, increasing the length of the first radiator 310 shifts both the resonant frequency of the first resonance and the resonant frequency of the second resonance to a lower frequency, so that the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance of the first antenna 300 and the third resonance of the second antenna 400 both include the same or adjacent frequency bands, and the resonant frequency bands of the second resonance of the first antenna 300 and the fourth resonance of the second antenna 400 both include the same or adjacent frequency bands. Since the first antenna 300 generates the first and second resonances in line DM mode and line CM mode, and the second antenna 400 generates the third and fourth resonances in line CM mode and line DM mode, there is good isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in the same or adjacent frequency bands.

[0264] In the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 13, a capacitive element 330 is coupled between the first and second ends of the first radiator 310. The capacitive element 330 can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the first resonance generated by the line DM mode. The capacitive element 330 can shift the resonant frequency of the first resonance generated by the line DM mode to a lower frequency, making it lower than the resonant frequency of the second resonance generated by the line CM mode. In this case, reducing the length of the first radiator 310 shifts both the resonant frequency of the first resonance and the resonant frequency of the second resonance to a higher frequency, so that the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance of the first antenna 300 and the third resonance of the second antenna 400 both include the same or adjacent frequency bands, and the resonant frequency bands of the second resonance of the first antenna 300 and the fourth resonance of the second antenna 400 both include the same or adjacent frequency bands. Since the first antenna 300 generates the first and second resonances in line DM mode and line CM mode, and the second antenna 400 generates the third and fourth resonances in line CM mode and line DM mode, there is good isolation between the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 in the above-mentioned same-frequency or adjacent-frequency bands.

[0265] In one embodiment, the length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×0.7≤L1.

[0266] It should be understood that when the length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator are approximately the same, the first antenna 300 and the second antenna 400 have better symmetry and good isolation.

[0267] For the sake of brevity, similar parts of the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 13 and the antenna device 200 shown in Figure 5 will not be described in detail. For example, similar parts include: grounding points coupled to the metal layer through grounding components; feed points coupled to the feed circuit through feed components; the first feed point 312 and the second feed point 412 located on the same side of the line connecting the first ground point 311 and the second ground point 411; the resonant frequency bands of the first and second resonances used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency bands of the third and fourth resonances used to jointly support the first operating frequency band; the relationship between the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance, the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance, the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance, and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance; the minimum distance between the radiator and the PCB 500; the distance between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 410; and so on.

[0268] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna device, characterized in that, include: A printed circuit board (PCB), the PCB including a metal layer; A first antenna, comprising a first radiator, a first feeding circuit, and a capacitive element, wherein the first radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the first radiator includes a first ground point and a first feeding point, the first ground point is located in the central region of the first radiator, the capacitive element is coupled between the first ground point and the metal layer, and the first feeding circuit is coupled to the first feeding point. The second antenna includes a second radiator and a second feeding circuit. The second radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart. The second radiator includes a second ground point and a second feeding point. The second ground point is located in the central region of the second radiator. The second ground point is coupled to the metal layer. The second feeding circuit is coupled to the second feeding point. The PCB includes a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, the first radiator is disposed along the first side, and the second radiator is disposed along the second side; The lengths L1 of the first radiator and L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×1.05≤L1; The first radiator, the first feed circuit, and the capacitive element are used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, and the second radiator and the second feed circuit are used to generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance. The resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the third resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency bands, and / or the resonant frequency bands of the second resonance and the fourth resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency bands.

2. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lengths L1 of the first radiator and L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1 ≤ L2 × 1.

3.

3. The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the third resonance include a first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance include a second operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is different from the second operating frequency band.

4. The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the second resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency bands of the third resonance and the fourth resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band.

5. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is less than or equal to the length L1 of the first radiator and / or the length L2 of the second radiator.

6. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first feed point and the second feed point are located on the same side of the line connecting the first ground point and the second ground point.

7. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3GHz, the distance between the first feed point and the first ground point is less than or equal to 10mm, and / or, The resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3GHz, and the distance between the second feed point and the second ground point is less than or equal to 10mm.

8. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance is less than the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance, and satisfies: f2-f1≤f2×0.3, and / or, The resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance is less than the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance, and satisfies: f4-f3≤f4×0.

3.

9. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance satisfy: |f1-f3|≤f1×0.1, and / or, The resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance satisfy: |f2-f4|≤f2×0.

1.

10. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance are less than or equal to 3GHz, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the PCB is greater than or equal to 2mm, and / or, The resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance are less than or equal to 3 GHz, and the minimum distance between the second radiator and the PCB is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

11. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The first antenna further includes a grounding element, and the first grounding point is coupled to the metal layer through the grounding element; The grounding element has an insulating gap, and the capacitive element includes the insulating gap.

12. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The equivalent capacitance of the capacitive element is greater than or equal to 0.2pF and less than or equal to 3pF.

13. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is greater than or equal to the length of the first side and / or the length of the second side.

14. An antenna device, characterized in that, include: A printed circuit board (PCB), the PCB including a metal layer; A first antenna, comprising a first radiator, a first feed circuit, and a capacitive element, wherein the first radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart, the first radiator comprising a first ground point and a first feed point, the first ground point being located in the central region of the first radiator, the capacitive element being coupled between a first end and a second end of the first radiator, the first ground point being coupled to the metal layer, and the first feed circuit being coupled to the first feed point. The second antenna includes a second radiator and a second feeding circuit. The second radiator and the metal layer are spaced apart. The second radiator includes a second ground point and a second feeding point. The second ground point is located in the central region of the second radiator. The second ground point is coupled to the metal layer. The second feeding circuit is coupled to the second feeding point. The PCB includes a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, the first radiator is disposed along the first side, and the second radiator is disposed along the second side; The lengths L1 of the first radiator and L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1 ≤ L2 × 0.95; The first radiator, the first feed circuit, and the capacitive element are used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, and the second radiator and the second feed circuit are used to generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance. The resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the third resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency bands, and / or the resonant frequency bands of the second resonance and the fourth resonance include the same frequency or adjacent frequency bands.

15. The antenna device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The lengths L1 of the first radiator and L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×0.7≤L1.

16. The antenna device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the third resonance include a first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance include a second operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is different from the second operating frequency band.

17. The antenna device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the second resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band, and the resonant frequency bands of the third resonance and the fourth resonance are used to jointly support the first operating frequency band.

18. The antenna device according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that, The first feed point and the second feed point are located on the same side of the line connecting the first ground point and the second ground point.

19. A terminal device, characterized in that, Including the antenna device as described in any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. The terminal device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The terminal device is a vehicle, and the antenna device is the vehicle's in-vehicle communication module. The first antenna or the second antenna includes at least one of the following: a cellular antenna, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna, a V2X antenna, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) antenna, a Wi-Fi antenna, and a Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) antenna.

Images