Subblock cross-component prediction
By deriving CCP models for subblocks using neighboring template regions outside the current block, the method addresses inefficiencies in existing video coding standards, leading to improved chroma prediction and enhanced compression efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing video coding standards face challenges in efficiently utilizing cross-component prediction tools, particularly in deriving accurate models for subblocks within a current block, leading to suboptimal compression efficiency.
Implementing cross-component prediction (CCP) models for subblocks by deriving models using reconstructed samples from neighboring template regions outside the current block, allowing parallel and sequential processing of subblocks, and storing these models for subsequent blocks to enhance prediction accuracy.
Improves video coding efficiency by accurately predicting chroma components using CCP models, reducing redundancy and enhancing compression performance.
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Figure CN2026072983_23072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SUBBLOCK CROSS-COMPONENT PREDICTIONCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application that claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 746,300, filed on 17 January 2025. Contents of above-listed applications are herein incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to video coding. In particular, the present disclosure relates to methods of coding pixel blocks by cross-component prediction.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is an international video coding standard developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) . HEVC is based on the hybrid block-based motion-compensated DCT-like transform coding architecture. The basic unit for compression, termed coding unit (CU) , is a 2Nx2N square block of pixels, and each CU can be recursively split into four smaller CUs until the predefined minimum size is reached. Each CU contains one or multiple prediction units (PUs) .
[0005] Versatile video coding (VVC) is the latest international video coding standard developed by the Joint Video Expert Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG16 WP3 and ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11. The input video signal is predicted from the reconstructed signal, which is derived from the coded picture regions. The prediction residual signal is processed by a block transform. The transform coefficients are quantized and entropy coded together with other side information in the bitstream. The reconstructed signal is generated from the prediction signal and the reconstructed residual signal after inverse transform on the de-quantized transform coefficients. The reconstructed signal is further processed by in-loop filtering for removing coding artifacts. The decoded pictures are stored in the frame buffer for predicting the future pictures in the input video signal.
[0006] In VVC, a coded picture is partitioned into non-overlapped square block regions represented by the associated coding tree units (CTUs) . The leaf nodes of a coding tree correspond to the coding units (CUs) . A coded picture can be represented by a collection of slices, each comprising an integer number of CTUs. The individual CTUs in a slice are processed in raster-scan order. A bi-predictive (B) slice may be decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most two motion vectors (MVs) and reference indices to predict the sample values of each block. A predictive (P) slice is decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most one motion vector and reference index to predict the sample values of each block. An intra (I) slice is decoded using intra prediction only.
[0007] A CTU can be partitioned into one or multiple non-overlapped coding units (CUs) using the quadtree (QT) with nested multi-type-tree (MTT) structure to adapt to various local motion and texture characteristics.
[0008] Each CU contains one or more prediction units (PUs) . The prediction unit, together with the associated CU syntax, works as a basic unit for signaling the predictor information. The specified prediction process is employed to predict the values of the associated pixel samples inside the PU. Each CU may contain one or more transform units (TUs) for representing the prediction residual blocks. A transform unit (TU) is comprised of a transform block (TB) of luma samples and two corresponding transform blocks of chroma samples and each TB correspond to one residual block of samples from one color component. An integer transform is applied to a transform block. The level values of quantized coefficients together with other side information are entropy coded in the bitstream. The terms coding tree block (CTB) , coding block (CB) , prediction block (PB) , and transform block (TB) are defined to specify the 2-D sample array of one-color component associated with CTU, CU, PU, and TU, respectively. Thus, a CTU consists of one luma CTB, two chroma CTBs, and associated syntax elements. A similar relationship is valid for CU, PU, and TU.
[0009] For each inter-predicted CU, motion parameters consisting of motion vectors, reference picture indices and reference picture list usage index, and additional information are used for inter-predicted sample generation. The motion parameter can be signalled in an explicit or implicit manner. When a CU is coded with skip mode, the CU is associated with one PU and has no significant residual coefficients, no coded motion vector delta or reference picture index. A merge mode is specified whereby the motion parameters for the current CU are obtained from neighbouring CUs, including spatial and temporal candidates, and additional schedules introduced in VVC. The merge mode can be applied to any inter-predicted CU. The alternative to merge mode is the explicit transmission of motion parameters, where motion vector, corresponding reference picture index for each reference picture list and reference picture list usage flag and other needed information are signalled explicitly per each CU.
[0010] Intra block copy (IBC) or current picture referencing (CPR) refer to coding pixel blocks by referencing pixel positions within same current picture as the current block by using block vectors. Intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) is a special intra prediction mode that copies the best prediction block from the reconstructed part of the current frame, whose L-shaped template matches the L-shaped template of the current block.
[0011] Intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) is a special intra prediction mode that utilizes one or more reference blocks from the reconstructed part of the current frame for predicting a current block. A list of candidate reference blocks is determined based on template matching costs, wherein a template-matching cost between a reference block and a current block corresponds to the sum of absolute transformed differences (SATD) or the sum of absolute differences (SAD) between the reconstructed samples in a L-shaped template region around the reference block and the reconstructed samples in a L-shaped template region around the current block. A video encoder and a video decoder correspondingly search for the most similar reference template to the current template in a predefined search area of the current frame to construct the list of candidate reference blocks. The index of the selected reference block in the candidate list is coded in the bitstream.SUMMARY
[0012] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select and not all implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0013] Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a method for generating and using cross-component prediction (CCP) models for subblocks. A video coder receives data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, the current block comprising a plurality of subblocks. The video coder derives a cross-component prediction (CCP) model for each subblock of the plurality of subblocks using reconstructed samples of a neighboring template region of the subblock. The video coder stores the derived CCP models for the subblocks to be referenced by a subsequent block. The video coder uses the derived CCP model of the subblock to generate a cross-component prediction. The video coder encodes or decodes the current block using the generated cross-component prediction.
[0014] In some embodiments, when the neighboring template of a subblock is within the current block, the CCP model of the subblock is derived using samples of an extrapolated template region that is outside the current block. In some embodiments, the neighboring template region of at least one subblock is within the current block or is different than the neighboring template of the current block. In some embodiments, the neighboring template region of at least one subblock includes samples immediately neighboring the subblock. In some embodiments, the neighboring template of a subblock is defined based on width or height of the subblock.
[0015] In some embodiments, the CCP models of the different subblocks are derived in parallel independent processes based on reconstructed samples outside of the current block. The chroma component of each subblock being predicted based on the derived CCP model and the collocated luma samples of the subblock. In some embodiments, the transform process of the chroma component of the different subblocks may be performed separately. In some embodiments, the transform process of the chroma component of the current block is performed at the block level. In some embodiments, the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks of the current block are derived sequentially in a pre-defined order, with the reconstructed sample values of each subblock being used to derive the CCP model of the next subblock.
[0016] In some embodiments, the CCP model of the subblock is re-derived and stored for the subblock when luma and chroma samples of the subblock are reconstructed. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of CCP models may be stored in association with a subblock position, a subblock width, or a subblock height. In some embodiments, some or all of the CCP models stored for the plurality of subblocks are included in a CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block. For example, in some embodiments, only a CCP model stored for a subblock closest to a neighboring position of the subsequent block is included in the CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block. For another example, in some embodiments, only a CCP model stored for a subblock at a pre-defined position is included in the CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block.
[0017] In some embodiments, the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks are added to a history-based table that is maintained to include recently used cross-component models for CCP merge mode. The CCP models may be added to the history-based table according to a coding order among the plurality of subblocks. In some embodiments, only a subset of the CCP models is / are added to the history-based table. For example, the video coder may add only the CCP models at one or more pre-defined positions of the current block into the history-based table. In some embodiments, only the CCP models at top-left position of the current block is added to the history-based table.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 1, which shows the six neighboring non-downsampled luma samples and a corresponding downsampled chroma sample.
[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates the spatial samples used for Gradient and Location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) .
[0021] FIG. 3 illustrates various downsampling filters used in cross-component models.
[0022] FIG. 4 illustrates the InterCCCM method at the decoder side.
[0023] FIG. 5 illustrates the luma samples in relation to the chroma sample that are used for an 8 tap-filter.
[0024] FIGS 6A-6B show examples of sub-partitioning for CUs depending on block size.
[0025] FIG. 7 illustrates the templates of subblocks that are used to derive the cross-component prediction (CCP) models for the subblocks.
[0026] FIG. 8 illustrates using already reconstructed samples neighboring the subblocks to extrapolate samples neighboring the current block for determining the CCP models of the subblocks.
[0027] FIG. 9 illustrates an example video encoder that may implement cross-component prediction.
[0028] FIG. 10 illustrates portions of the video encoder that implement subblock cross-component prediction.
[0029] FIG. 11 conceptually illustrates a video encoding process that derives and uses cross-component models for encoding pixel blocks.
[0030] FIG. 12 illustrates an example video decoder that may implement cross-component prediction.
[0031] FIG. 13 illustrates portions of the video decoder that implement subblock cross-component prediction.
[0032] FIG. 14 conceptually illustrates a video decoding process that derives and uses cross-component models for decoding pixel blocks.
[0033] FIG. 15 conceptually illustrates an electronic system with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. Any variations, derivatives and / or extensions based on teachings described herein are within the protective scope of the present disclosure. In some instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and / or circuitry pertaining to one or more example implementations disclosed herein may be described at a relatively high level without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of teachings of the present disclosure. I. Cross-Component Prediction (CCP)
[0035] Cross-component prediction tools are widely adopted in video coding standards. In cross-component prediction (CCP) tools, the redundancy between cross-components is exploited by generating the prediction of a second color component based on a first color component. Examples of cross-component prediction tools include CCLM, MMLM, GLM, CCCM, NoSub-CCCM, BVG-CCCM, GL-CCCM, MDF-CCCM, InterCCCM, CCP merge mode, and chroma fusion. A model used for cross-component prediction may be referred to as cross-component model or CCP model.
[0036] A. Cross Component Linear Model (CCLM)
[0037] Cross Component Linear Model (CCLM) or Linear Model (LM) mode is a cross-component prediction mode in which chroma components of a block is predicted from the collocated reconstructed luma samples by linear models. The parameters (e.g., scale and offset) of the linear model are derived from already reconstructed luma and chroma samples that are adjacent to the block. For example, in VVC, the CCLM mode makes use of inter-channel dependencies to predict the chroma samples from reconstructed luma samples. This prediction is carried out using a linear model in the form of: P (i, j) =α·rec′L (i, j) +β (1)
[0038] P (i, j) in eq. (1) represents the predicted chroma samples in a CU (or the predicted chroma samples of the current CU) and rec′L (i, j) represents the down-sampled reconstructed luma samples of the same CU (or the corresponding reconstructed luma samples of the current CU) .
[0039] B. Multi-Model CCLM (MMLM)
[0040] Multiple model CCLM mode (MMLM) uses two models for predicting the chroma samples from the luma samples for the whole CU. In MMLM, neighbouring luma samples and neighbouring chroma samples of the current block are classified into two or more groups, each group is used as a training set to derive a linear model (i.e., a particular α and β are derived for a particular group) . Furthermore, the samples of the current luma block are also classified based on the same rule for the classification of neighbouring luma samples. Predc [x, y] = α1×Rec′L [x, y] + β1 if Rec′L [x, y] ≤Threshold Predc [x, y] = α2×Rec′L [x, y] + β2 if Rec′L [x, y] > Threshold
[0041] C. Convolutional Cross-Component Model (CCCM)
[0042] A convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) may be applied to improve the cross-component prediction performance. For some embodiment, the convolutional model has 7-tap filter having a 5-tap plus sign shape spatial component, a non-linear term and a bias term. The input to the spatial 5-tap component of the filter includes a center (C) luma sample (which is collocated with the chroma sample to be predicted) and the center luma sample’s above / north (N) , below / south (S) , left / west (W) and right / east (E) neighbors. The nonlinear term (denoted as P) is represented as power of two of the center luma sample C and scaled to the sample value range of the content: P = (C*C + midVal ) >> bitDepth
[0043] Thus, for 10-bit content the non-linear term P is calculated as: P = (C*C + 512 ) >> 10
[0044] The bias term (denoted as B) represents a scalar offset between the input and output (similarly to the offset term in CCLM) and is set to middle chroma value (512 for 10-bit content) . Output of the filter is calculated as a convolution between the filter coefficients ci and the input values and clipped to the range of valid chroma samples: predChromaVal = c0C + c1N + c2S + c3E + c4W + c5P + c6B
[0045] The filter coefficients ci are calculated by minimising MSE between predicted and reconstructed chroma samples in the reference area. In some embodiments, Reference sample values just outside of the top-left corner of the PU are used as the offsets (offsetLuma, offsetCb and offsetCr) for simplicity. The samples values used in both model creation and final prediction (i.e., luma and chroma in the reference area, and luma in the current PU) are reduced by these fixed values, as follows: C'= C –offsetLuma N'= N –offsetLuma S'= S –offsetLuma E'= E –offsetLuma W'= W –offsetLuma P'= nonLinear (C') B = midValue = 1 << (bitDepth -1)
[0046] and the chroma value is predicted using the following equation, where offsetChroma is equal to offsetCr and offsetCb for Cr and Cb components, respectively: predChromaVal = c0C'+ c1N'+ c2S'+ c3E'+ c4W'+ c5P'+ c6B + offsetChroma
[0047] D. CCCM using Non-Downsampled Luma Samples (NoSubCCCM)
[0048] In some embodiments, CCCM mode with 3x2 filter using non-downsampled luma samples (NoSubCCCM) is used. NoSubCCCM uses 6-tap spatial terms, four nonlinear terms and a bias term. The 6-tap spatial terms correspond to 6 neighboring luma samples (i.e., L0, L1, …, L5) around the chroma sample (i.e., C) to be predicted. FIG. 1, which shows the six neighboring non-downsampled luma samples L0, L1, …, L5 and the down-sampled chroma sample. The four non-linear terms are derived from the samples L0, L1, L2, and L3,
[0049] where αi is the coefficient, β is the offset. In some embodiments, NoSubCCCM is signaled as an additional CCCM model.
[0050] E. Gradient Linear Model (GLM)
[0051] For YUV 4: 2: 0 color format, a gradient linear model (GLM) method can be used to predict the chroma samples from luma sample gradients. Two modes are supported: a two-parameter GLM mode and a three-parameter GLM mode.
[0052] Compared with the CCLM, instead of down-sampled luma values, the two-parameter GLM utilizes luma sample gradients to derive the linear model. Specifically, when the two-parameter GLM is applied, the input to the CCLM process, i.e., the down-sampled luma samples L, are replaced by luma sample gradients G. C = α·G + β
[0053] The other parts of the CCLM (e.g., parameter derivation, prediction sample linear transform) are kept unchanged. In the three-parameter GLM, a chroma sample can be predicted based on both the luma sample gradients and down-sampled luma values with different parameters: C = α0·G + α1·L + α2·β
[0054] The model parameters of the three-parameter GLM are derived from 6 rows and columns adjacent samples by the LDL decomposition based MSE minimization method as used in the CCCM.
[0055] F. Block Vector Guided CCCM (BVG-CCCM)
[0056] Block Vector guided CCCM (BVG-CCCM) is a coding mode in which the block vectors of co-located luma blocks (coded in IBC or intraTMP) are used to determine the reference area for calculating the CCCM parameters. The prediction is performed using the calculated model parameters and co-located luma samples. When the co-located luma prediction is coded with IBC or IntraTMP in Intra slices, the BVG-CCCM mode can be used. The BVG-CCCM mode uses an 11-tap filter for cross-component prediction as below: predChromaVal = c0C + c1N + c2S + c3E + c4W + c5P (C) + c6P (N) + c7P (S) + c8P (W) + c9P (E) + c10B
[0057] The input to the spatial 5-tap component of the filter consists of a center (C) luma sample which is collocated with the chroma sample to be predicted and its above / north (N) , below / south (S) , left / west (W) and right / east (E) neighbors. The nonlinear term P is represented as power of two of the corresponding luma sample and B is the bias term.
[0058] Similar to Direct Block Vector (DBV) mode, five locations in the collocated luma block area are scanned and the associated block vectors are then used for determining the reference area for parameter calculation in BVG-CCCM method.
[0059] G. Gradient and Location based CCCM (GL-CCCM)
[0060] GL-CCCM is a coding tool that maps luma values into chroma values using a filter with inputs consisting of one spatial luma sample, two gradient values, two location information, a nonlinear term, and a bias term. The GL-CCCM method uses gradient and location information instead of the 4 spatial neighbor samples used in the CCCM filter. The GL-CCCM filter used for the prediction is: predChromaVal = c0C + c1Gy + c2Gx + c3Y + c4X + c5P + c6B (2)
[0061] Where Gy and Gx are the vertical and horizontal gradients, respectively. Gy and Gx are calculated according to the following:
[0062] Gy = (2N + NW + NE) – (2S + SW + SE)
[0063] Gx = (2W + NW + SW) – (2E + NE + SE)
[0064] FIG. 2 illustrates the spatial samples used for GL-CCCM, including N, S, W, E, NW, NE, SW, SE that surround the current chroma sample C. Y and X are the spatial coordinates of the center luma sample. Other parameters (c0 through c6, P, and B) of Eq. (2) are the same as CCCM tool. The reference area for the parameter calculation is the same as CCCM method described in Section I. C.
[0065] H. CCCM with Multiple Down-Sampling Filters (MDF-CCCM)
[0066] Multiple downsampling filters are applied to a group of reconstructed luma samples in a CCCM. The linear combination of these down-sampled reconstructed samples is multiplied by derived filter coefficients to form the final chroma predictor. The horizontal or vertical location of the center luma sample are also considered in the tested model. The cross-component models shown below are tested as additional CCCM modes with a mode index signalled in the bitstream: Model 1: predChroma = c0 *H (C) + c1 * G1 (C) + c2 * G2 (C) + c3 * G3 (C) + c4 * P (H (C) ) + c5 * P (G1 (C) ) + c6 *P (G2 (C) ) + c7 *X + c8 *Y + c9 *B Model 2: predChroma = c0 *H (C) + c1 * H (W) + c2 * H (E) + c3 * G1 (C) + c4 * G1 (W) +c5 * G1 (E) + c6 * P (H (C) ) + c7 * P (H (W) ) + c8 * P (H (E) ) + c9 *X + c10 *B Model 3: predChroma = c0 *H (C) + c1 * H (NE) + c2 * H (SW) + c3 * G3 (C) + c4 * G3 (NE) + c5 * G3 (SW) + c6 * P (H (C) ) + c7 * P (H (NE) ) + c8 * P (H (SW) ) + c9 *Y + c10 *B
[0067] where H (·) , G1 (·) , G2 (·) , G3 (·) are various downsampling filters. FIG. 3 illustrates various downsampling filters used in cross-component models, including H (·) , G1 (·) , G2 (·) , G3 (·) . C denotes the current chroma sample position, and N, S, W, E, NE, SW are the positions around C, ci are filter coefficients, P and B are nonlinear term and bias term, and X and Y are the horizontal and vertical locations of the center luma sample with respect to the top-left coordinates of the block.
[0068] J. InterCCCM
[0069] InterCCCM applies the CCCM method for predicting chroma samples from reconstructed luma samples when the CU uses inter prediction or intra block copy (IBC) . FIG. 4 illustrates the InterCCCM method at the decoder side.
[0070] The cross-component filters are derived using the prediction blocks of luma and chroma. The derived filters are applied to the reconstructed luma block and blended with the prediction blocks of chroma to produce the final chroma prediction blocks. In the blending process the filtered reconstructed luma blocks use blending weight of 0.75 and chroma prediction blocks use blending weight of 0.25.
[0071] The 8-tap filter consist of 6 spatial luma samples, a nonlinear term, and a bias term. The spatial luma samples (L0, …, L5) are obtained from the luma grid selecting the 6 luma samples closest to the chroma position C without down sampling. FIG. 5 illustrates the luma samples (L0, .., L5) in relation to the chroma sample C that are used for the 8 tap-filter. The predicted chroma value is obtained as, predChromaVal = c0L0+ c1L1 + c2L2 + c3L3 + c4L4 + c5L5+ c6*nonlinear ( (L0+L3+1) >> 1) + c7 B
[0072] where nonlinear is CCCM’s nonlinear operator and B is bias. The filter coefficients are derived using ECM’s division-free Gaussian elimination method and the necessary offsets are applied to samples prior to filter derivation. The offsets for division-free Gaussian elimination method are obtained using a four-point average of the luma and chroma prediction blocks, where the four points correspond to the top-left, top-right, bottom-left and bottom-right corners of the blocks. For filter coefficient derivation at most 256 chroma samples are used. Usage of InterCCCM mode is signalled with a CABAC coded TU level flag. One new CABAC context was included to support this. The InterCCCM flag is only signalled if the TU’s luma Cbf is non-zero and the CU’s predMode is either MODE_INTER or MODE_IBC.
[0073] K. Subblock-based CCCM
[0074] In some embodiments, a subblock-based model is used to further improve coding efficiency of CCCM. Specifically, CCCM is applied on subblock basis sequentially inside CU. This is to improve the accuracy of CCCM parameter derivation because the reference samples are closer to the predicted samples.
[0075] Specifically, the current chroma prediction blocks are split into subblocks while maintaining the original ratio between width and height. Correspondently, the reference area is also divided into smaller reference area while keeping the same reference type. For each subblock, similar CCCM model derivation and chroma prediction process are applied sequentially in a zigzag scanning order. The subdivision does not require any rate-distortion (RD) optimization at the encoder and no additional signaling is required. To avoid high complexity, subblock partitioning is only applied for chroma PUs with area size (width x height) greater than 256 samples and smaller than 128x128 samples. The maximum number of partitions is restricted to be 4.Table 1 depicts an example of predefined partitioning used in the test. BlkW and BlkH denote the original PU width and height, and SubW and SubH denote the width and height of the partitions.
[0076] Table 1: Example of predefined CCCM subblock partitioning.
[0077] L. CCP merge (Non-Local CCCP) mode
[0078] For chroma coding, a CCP merge candidate list may be constructed from the spatial adjacent, temporal, spatial non-adjacent, history-based m or shifted temporal candidates. After including these candidates, default models are further included to fill the remaining empty positions in the merge list. Pruning operation is applied. After constructing the list, the CCP models in the list are reordered depending on the SAD costs, which are obtained using the neighbouring template of the current block. Aflag is signaled to indicate whether the CCP merge mode is applied or not. If CCP merge mode is applied, an index is signaled to indicate which candidate model is used by the current block.
[0079] For spatial adjacent and non-adjacent candidates, the positions and inclusion order of the spatial adjacent and non-adjacent candidates are the same as those defined for regular inter merge prediction candidates.
[0080] For temporal and shifted temporal candidates, the temporal candidates are selected from the collocated picture. The position and inclusion order of the temporal candidates are the same as those defined for regular inter merge prediction candidates. The shifted temporal candidates are also selected from the collocated picture. The position of temporal candidates is shifted by a selected motion vector which is derived from motion vectors of neighboring blocks.
[0081] For history-based candidates, a history-based table is maintained to include the recently used CCP models, and the table is reset at the beginning of each CTU row. If the current list is not full after including spatial adjacent and non-adjacent candidates, the CCP models in the history-based table are added into the list.
[0082] For default candidates, CCLM candidates with default scaling parameters are considered, only when the list is not full after including the spatial adjacent, spatial non-adjacent, or history-based candidates. If the current list has no candidates with the single model CCLM mode, the default scaling parameters are {0, 1 / 8, -1 / 8, 2 / 8, -2 / 8, 3 / 8, -3 / 8, 4 / 8, -4 / 8, 5 / 8, -5 / 8, 6 / 8} . Otherwise, the default scaling parameters are {0, the scaling parameter of the first CCLM candidate + {1 / 8, -1 / 8, 2 / 8, -2 / 8, 3 / 8, -3 / 8, 4 / 8, -4 / 8, 5 / 8, -5 / 8, 6 / 8} } .
[0083] In some embodiments, the cross-component prediction merge mode is extended to chroma inter coding. The CCP models including CCLM, MMLM, CCCM, GLM, chroma fusion, CCP merge modes, and inter CCCM are stored and inherited for the following coding chroma intra and inter blocks. Similar to the CCP merge for chroma intra blocks, a flag is signaled to indicate whether a chroma inter block is coded using this mode. If the CCP merge mode is used, a CCP merge list is constructed in a similar way as that for chroma intra blocks except that additional shifted temporal candidate and on-the-fly derived candidates are included in the CCP merge list. The additional shifted temporal candidates are derived from the collocated picture, and the position of these candidates are the same as those defined for regular inter merge prediction candidates with a shift obtained from the motion vector of the current block. The on-the-fly derived candidates are only used for low delay pictures and are obtained using the neighboring reconstructed samples of the current block. At most 1 on-the-fly derived candidates including single / multi-model CCCM and single / multi-model CCLM are added to the CCP merge list. After the CCP merge list is constructed, the candidate with the lowest template cost is selected for the chroma inter block. The chroma inter block is then predicted in the same way as that of inter CCCM. That is, the motion compensation predicted samples are blended with the cross-component predicted samples to form the final prediction. II. Subblock Cross-Component Prediction
[0084] A. Intra Sub-partitions (ISP)
[0085] The intra sub-partitions (ISP) divides luma intra-predicted blocks vertically or horizontally into 2 or 4 sub-partitions depending on the block size. The CU sizes that can use ISP is restricted to a maximum of 64x64. FIGS 6A-6B show examples of sub-partitioning for CUs depending on block size. FIG. 6A shows examples of sub-partitions for 4x8 and 8x4 CUs. FIG. 6B shows examples of sub-partitions for CUs other than 4x8, 8x4, and 4x4. All sub-partitions fulfill the condition of having at least 16 samples.
[0086] For each sub-partition, reconstructed samples are obtained by adding the residual signal to the prediction signal. Here, a residual signal is generated by the processes such as entropy decoding, inverse quantization and inverse transform. Therefore, the reconstructed sample values of each sub-partition are available to generate the prediction of the next sub-partition, and each sub-partition is processed repeatedly. In addition, the first sub-partition to be processed is the one containing the top-left sample of the CU and then continuing downwards (horizontal split) or rightwards (vertical split) . As a result, reference samples used to generate the sub-partitions prediction signals are only located at the left and above sides of the lines. All sub-partitions share the same intra mode.
[0087] B. Deriving CCP Models for Subblocks
[0088] In some embodiments, the current block is partitioned into subblocks, and CCP models are derived and applied on subblock basis. For each subblock, the CCP model derivation is performed, and the derived CCP models are applied on each subblock respectively. CCP models of each subblock are then stored and can be referenced or inherited by a subsequent block coded in CCP merge mode.
[0089] Cross-component prediction tools, such as CCLM and CCCM, derive the model parameters based on the reconstructed samples in neighboring templates of the current block. In some embodiments, when the current block is split into subblocks, for each subblock, the CCP model is derived respectively based on reconstructed samples in neighboring templates of the current subblock. The neighboring templates used to derive CCP models can be defined for each subblock. The neighboring templates of the subblock can be different from the neighboring template of the current block. The neighboring templates can be defined based on the block width and height of the subblock. For example, the top-template can be N x subblock width, and the left-template can be subblock height x M, where N and M are integers. N and M can be 1, 2, 3, 4…. The neighboring templates can be the immediate neighboring samples of the current subblock.
[0090] FIG. 7 illustrates the templates of subblocks that are used to derive the CCP models for the subblocks. As illustrated, a current block 700 is split into 4 subblocks A, B, C and D. The CCP model of subblock Ais derived based on reconstructed samples in template regions 710 and 730 neighboring subblock A. The CCP model of subblock B is derived based on reconstructed samples in template regions 720 and 735 neighboring subblock B. The CCP model of subblock C is derived based on reconstructed samples in template regions 715 and 740 neighboring subblock C. The CCP model of subblock D is derived based on reconstructed samples in template regions 725 and 745 neighboring subblock D. It is worth noting that, subblocks B, C, and D uses template regions that are not template regions of the current block. Rather, subblocks B, C, and D uses template regions 715, 725, 735, and 745, which encompass samples that are available only after neighboring subblocks are already reconstructed. In the example of FIG. 7, subblock Ais reconstructed for template regions 715 and 735 to be available for deriving the cross-component models of subblocks B and C. Subblock B and C are reconstructed for template regions 725 and 745 to be available for deriving the cross-component model (s) of subblock D. Thus, in some embodiments, the CCP models of the subblocks of the current block are derived sequentially in a pre-defined order, e.g., first for subblock A (in stage 701) , then for subblock B (in stage 702) , then for subblock C (in stage 703) , then finally for subblock D (in stage 704) .
[0091] After the CCP model is derived for a subblock, the subblock CCP model is applied on (luma samples of) the subblock to generate a prediction (for chroma samples) . Reconstructed samples of the subblock are obtained by adding the residual signal to the prediction. Here, a residual signal is generated by the processes such as entropy decoding, inverse quantization and inverse transform. Therefore, the reconstructed sample values of each subblocks are available to derive the CCP model of the next subblock, and each subblock is processed repeatedly. Since the transform process is also performed separately for each subblock, the transform block of the current block is split into transform subblocks.
[0092] In some embodiments, the CCP models are based on only reconstructed samples outside of the current block. This allows the CCP models of the different subblocks to be derived in parallel, since none of the template regions used for CCP model derivation depend on other subblocks to be reconstructed. If the transform block of the current block is split into transform subblocks, using only template regions outside of the current block for CCP model derivation allows the transform process to be done independently for each subblock. Using only template regions outside of the current block for CCP model derivation also allows the transform process to be done at the block level such that the transform block of the current block is not split into transform subblocks.
[0093] In some embodiments, when the current block is split into subblocks, for each subblock, the CCP model is derived respectively based on reconstructed samples in neighboring templates of the current subblock. The neighboring templates of each subblock only include reconstructed samples outside of the current block. If the pre-defined neighboring template of the current subblock is inside the current block, an extrapolated neighboring template is used for the current subblock. For the top-template, an extrapolated template at the top of the current block is used instead. For the left-template, an extrapolated template left of the current block is used instead.
[0094] In some embodiments, for each subblock, the CCP models of each subblock can be derived in parallel, since deriving the CCP models will only be based on reconstructed samples outside of the current block. For some instances, transform process can be done separately for each subblock, and transform block of the current block is split into transform subblocks. For some other instances, transform process can be done at the block level instead of at the subblock level, and transform block of the current block is not split.
[0095] FIG. 8 illustrates using already reconstructed samples in extrapolated templates to determine the CCP models of the subblocks. As illustrated, a current block 800 includes subblocks A, B, C, and D. Neighboring template regions 810, 820, 830, and 840 of the current block 800 are used to determine the CCP models of the subblocks. The CCP models of the subblocks A, B, C, and D may be determined by independent processes 801, 802, 803, and 804 in parallel.
[0096] In the process 801, the reconstructed luma and chroma samples of template regions 810 and 830 are used to determine the CCP for subblock A.
[0097] In the process 802, the template region 835 that immediately neighbors the subblock B is in the current block 800. Thus, an extrapolated template region 838 is used to provide the reconstructed luma and chroma samples for determining the CCP model for subblock B, in conjunction with samples in the neighboring template region 820. The extrapolated template region 838 may or may not be the same as the neighboring template region 830 of the current block.
[0098] In the process 803, the template region 815 that immediately neighbors the subblock C is in the current block 800. Thus, an extrapolated template region 818 is used to provide the reconstructed luma and chroma samples for determining the CCP model for subblock C, in conjunction with samples in the neighboring template region 840. The extrapolated template region 818 may or may not be the same as the neighboring template region 810 of the current block.
[0099] In the process 804, the template regions 825 and 845 that immediately neighbors the subblock D are both in the current block 800. Thus, extrapolated template regions 828 and 848 are used to provide the reconstructed luma and chroma samples for determining the CCP model for subblock D. The extrapolated template regions 828 and 848 may or may not be the same as the neighboring template regions 820 and 840 of the current block.
[0100] C. Storing CCP Models for Subblocks
[0101] After a block finishes coding, the CCP model associated with this block is stored and can be referenced / inherited by a subsequent block coded in CCP merge mode. In CCP merge mode, a CCP merge candidate list is constructed by including neighboring CCP models. The CCP models are obtained by referencing blocks at neighboring positions, such as the spatial adjacent, temporal, spatial non-adjacent, history-based or shifted temporal candidates.
[0102] In some embodiments, when the current block is coded in CCP and is split into subblocks, the CCP models of each subblock are all stored. The CCP models of each subblock may be stored associated with the subblock position, subblock width and / or subblock height, or the CCP model of each subblock is stored in each subblock respectively. When a subsequent block coded in CCP merge mode references a neighboring position that points to the current block, for some instances, all the CCP models of the current block are included in the CCP merge candidate list of the subsequent block. In some instances, only the CCP model associated with the subblock pointed by the neighboring position is included into the CCP merge candidate list. In some embodiments, the CCP model closest to the neighboring position is included into the CCP merge candidate list. In some embodiments, only the CCP model associated with a subblock at a pre-defined position is added into the CCP merge candidate list. For example, in some embodiments, only the CCP model of the top-left subblock is added into the CCP merge candidate list.
[0103] In some embodiments, when the current block is coded in CCP and is split into subblocks, for each subblock, after reconstructed samples of the subblock are obtained, CCP models are re-derived based on the reconstructed luma and chroma samples of the subblock. The re-derived CCP models of each subblock may be stored associated with the subblock position, subblock width and / or subblock height, or the re-derived CCP model of each subblock is stored in each subblock respectively. When a subsequent block coded in CCP merge mode references a neighboring position that points to the current block, for some instances, all the re-derived CCP models of the current block are included in the CCP merge candidate list of the subsequent block. In some embodiments, only the re-derived CCP model associated with the subblock pointed by the neighboring position is included into the CCP merge candidate list. In some embodiments, the re-derived CCP model closest to the neighboring position is included into the CCP merge candidate list. In some instances, only the re-derived CCP model associated with a subblock at a pre-defined position is added into the CCP merge candidate list. For example, in some embodiments, only the re-derived CCP model of the top-left subblock is added into the CCP merge candidate list.
[0104] In some embodiments, when the current block is coded in CCP and is split into subblocks, the CCP models of each subblock are added into the history-based table that is maintained to include the recently used CCP models for CCP merge mode. The CCP models may be added into the history-based table in a pre-defined order. The pre-defined order may be the same as the pre-defined order to code each subblock. The pre-defined order may be the same as the pre-defined order to derive CCP models for each subblock. The pre-defined order may be according to the position of each subblock.
[0105] In some embodiments, when the current block is coded in CCP and is split into subblocks, only one (or some) of the CCP models of each subblock are added into the history-based table that is maintained to include the recently used CCP models for CCP merge mode. The CCP models that are added into the history-based table may be at a pre-defined position of the current block. For example, only the CCP model of the subblock at the top-left position of the current block is added to the history-based table.
[0106] The term “block” in this invention can refer to TU / TB, CU / CB, PU / PB, pre-defined region, or CTU / CTB. Any combination of the proposed methods in this invention can be applied. Any of the foregoing proposed methods can be implemented in encoders and / or decoders. For example, any of the proposed methods can be implemented in an inter / intra / IBC / prediction / transform module of an encoder, and / or an inter / intra / IBC / prediction / transform module of a decoder. Alternatively, any of the proposed methods can be implemented as a circuit coupled to the inter / intra / IBC / prediction / transform module of the encoder and / or the inter / intra / IBC / prediction / transform module of the decoder, so as to provide the information needed by the inter / intra / IBC / prediction / transform module. III. Example Video Encoder
[0107] FIG. 9 illustrates an example video encoder 900 that may implement cross-component prediction. As illustrated, the video encoder 900 receives input video signal from a video source 905 and encodes the signal into bitstream 995. The video encoder 900 has several components or modules for encoding the signal from the video source 905, at least including some components selected from a transform module 910, a quantization module 911, an inverse quantization module 914, an inverse transform module 915, an intra estimation module 924, an intra prediction module 925, a motion compensation module 930, a motion estimation module 935, an in-loop filter 945, a reconstructed picture buffer 950, a MV buffer 965, and a MV prediction module 975, and an entropy encoder 990. The motion compensation module 930 and the motion estimation module 935 are part of an inter-prediction module 940. The intra-prediction module 925 and the intra-estimation module 924 are part of a current picture prediction module 920, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0108] In some embodiments, the modules 910 –990 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device or electronic apparatus. In some embodiments, the modules 910 –990 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more integrated circuits (ICs) of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 910 –990 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0109] The video source 905 provides a raw video signal that presents pixel data of each video frame without compression. A subtractor 908 computes the difference between the raw pixel data 902 provided by the video source 905 and the predicted pixel data 913 from the inter-prediction module 940 or the current picture prediction module 920 as prediction residual 909. The transform module 910 converts the difference (or the residual pixel data or residual signal 909) into transform coefficients (e.g., by performing Discrete Cosine Transform, or DCT) . The quantization module 911 quantizes the transform coefficients into quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 912, which is encoded into the bitstream 995 by the entropy encoder 990.
[0110] The inverse quantization module 914 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 912 to obtain transform coefficients 918, and the inverse transform module 915 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 918 to produce reconstructed residual 919. The reconstructed residual 919 is added with the predicted pixel data 913 to produce reconstructed pixel data 917. In some embodiments, the reconstructed pixel data 917 is temporarily stored in a line buffer 927 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction. The reconstructed pixels are filtered by the in-loop filter 945 and stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 950. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 950 is a storage external to the video encoder 900. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 950 is a storage internal to the video encoder 900.
[0111] The intra estimation module 924 derives intra-prediction data (e.g., intra prediction modes) based on the reconstructed pixel data 917 (stored in the line buffer 927) . The intra-prediction data is provided to the entropy encoder 990 to be encoded into bitstream 995. The intra-prediction data is also used by the intra-prediction module 925 to produce the predicted pixel data 913.
[0112] The motion estimation module 935 performs inter-prediction by producing MVs to reference pixel data of previously decoded frames stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 950. These MVs are provided to the motion compensation module 930 to produce predicted pixel data.
[0113] Instead of encoding the complete actual MVs in the bitstream, the video encoder 900 uses MV prediction to generate predicted MVs, and the difference between the MVs used for motion compensation and the predicted MVs is encoded as residual motion data and stored in the bitstream 995.
[0114] The MV prediction module 975 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for encoding previously video frames, i.e., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 975 retrieves reference MVs from previous video frames from the MV buffer 965. The video encoder 900 stores the MVs generated for the current video frame in the MV buffer 965 as reference MVs for generating predicted MVs.
[0115] The MV prediction module 975 uses the reference MVs to create the predicted MVs. The predicted MVs can be computed by spatial MV prediction or temporal MV prediction. The difference between the predicted MVs and the motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) of the current frame (residual motion data) are encoded into the bitstream 995 by the entropy encoder 990.
[0116] The entropy encoder 990 encodes various parameters and data into the bitstream 995 by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman encoding. The entropy encoder 990 encodes various header elements, flags, along with the quantized transform coefficients 912, and the residual motion data as syntax elements into the bitstream 995. The bitstream 995 is in turn stored in a storage device or transmitted to a decoder over a communications medium such as a network.
[0117] The in-loop filter 945 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the reconstructed pixel data 917 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 945 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) . In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters.
[0118] FIG. 10 illustrates portions of the video encoder 900 that implement subblock cross-component prediction. As illustrated, a model constructor 1020 uses luma and chroma samples of template regions neighboring the current block (template luma samples 1012 and template chroma samples 1014) to generate a CCP model 1030 of a current block or current subblock. A template provider 1010 provides the template luma samples 1012 and the template chroma samples 1014 to the model constructor 1020. The template provider 1010 may provide reconstructed luma samples and reconstructed chroma samples fetched from the reconstructed picture buffer 950 as the template luma samples 1012 and template chroma samples 1014. In some embodiments, when the neighboring template of a subblock is within the current block, the CCP model1030 of the subblock is derived using samples of an extrapolated template region that is outside the current block.
[0119] The current CCP model 1030 may also be provided by a CCP merge list 1040, which includes stored CCP models 1055 associated with various neighboring positions of the current block or pre-defined positions as candidates in the list. The current CCP model 1030 used for the current block or subblock is stored in the CCP model storage 1050 to be used for cross-component prediction of subsequent blocks or subblocks. In some embodiments, only subblock CCP models associated with certain specific positions are stored and used as candidates for CCP merge mode. In some embodiments, once the current block or subblock is entirely reconstructed, the model constructor 1020 may use reconstructed luma and chroma samples of the current block or subblock to re-derive the CCP model for the current block or subblock. The re-derived CCP model is then stored in the CCP model storage 1050. In some embodiments, only (re-derived) subblock CCP models associated with certain specific positions are stored and used as candidates for CCP merge mode. CCP merge mode is described in Section II. C above.
[0120] The current CCP model 1030 is then applied to reconstructed luma samples 1017 by a cross-component prediction generator 1060 to generate predicted chroma samples 1013. The reconstructed luma samples 1017 are part of the reconstructed pixel data 917. The predicted chroma samples 1013 become part of the predicted pixel data 913.
[0121] FIG. 11 conceptually illustrates a video encoding process 1100 that derives and uses cross-component models for encoding pixel blocks. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the encoder 900 performs the process 1100 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the encoder 900 performs the process 1100.
[0122] The encoder receives (at block 1110) data to be encoded as a current block of pixels in a current picture of a video, the current block having a plurality of subblocks. The encoder derives (at block 1120) a cross-component prediction (CCP) model for each subblock of the plurality of subblocks using reconstructed samples of a neighboring template region of the subblock.
[0123] In some embodiments, when the neighboring template of a subblock is within the current block, the CCP model of the subblock is derived using samples of an extrapolated template region that is outside the current block. In some embodiments, the neighboring template region of at least one subblock is within the current block or is different than the neighboring template of the current block. In some embodiments, the neighboring template region of at least one subblock includes samples immediately neighboring the subblock. In some embodiments, the neighboring template of a subblock is defined based on width or height of the subblock.
[0124] In some embodiments, the CCP models of the different subblocks are derived in parallel independent processes based on reconstructed samples outside of the current block. The chroma component of each subblock being predicted based on the derived CCP model and the collocated luma samples of the subblock. In some embodiments, the transform process of the chroma component of the different subblocks may be performed separately. In some embodiments, the transform process of the chroma component of the current block is performed at the block level. In some embodiments, the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks of the current block are derived sequentially in a pre-defined order, with the reconstructed sample values of each subblock being used to derive the CCP model of the next subblock. Derivation of CCP models is described in Section II. B above.
[0125] The encoder stores (at block 1130) the derived CCP model for the subblock to be referenced or inherited by a subsequent block (for when the subsequent block is coded in CCP merge mode and references a neighboring position that points to the current block. ) In some embodiments, the CCP model of the subblock is re-derived and stored for the subblock when luma and chroma samples of the subblock are reconstructed.
[0126] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of CCP models may be stored in association with a subblock position, a subblock width, or a subblock height. In some embodiments, some or all of the CCP models stored for the plurality of subblocks are included in a CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block. For example, in some embodiments, only a CCP model stored for a subblock closest to a neighboring position of the subsequent block is included in the CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block. For another example, in some embodiments, only a CCP model stored for a subblock at a pre-defined position is included in the CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block.
[0127] In some embodiments, the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks are added to a history-based table that is maintained to include recently used cross-component models for CCP merge mode. The CCP models may be added to the history-based table according to a coding order among the plurality of subblocks. In some embodiments, only a subset of the CCP models is / are added to the history-based table. For example, the video coder may add only the CCP models at one or more pre-defined positions of the current block into the history-based table. In some embodiments, only the CCP models at top-left position of the current block is added to the history-based table. Storing CCP models as candidates for CCP merge mode is described Section II. C above.
[0128] The encoder uses (at block 1140) the derived CCP model of the subblock to generate a cross-component prediction. The encoder encodes (at block 1150) the current block using the generated cross-component prediction (e.g., to generate residuals for chroma components) . IV. Example Video Decoder
[0129] In some embodiments, an encoder may signal (or generate) one or more syntax element in a bitstream, such that a decoder may parse said one or more syntax element from the bitstream.
[0130] FIG. 12 illustrates an example video decoder 1200 that may implement cross-component prediction. As illustrated, the video decoder 1200 is an image-decoding or video-decoding circuit that receives a bitstream 1295 and decodes the content of the bitstream into pixel data of video frames for display. The video decoder 1200 has several components or modules for decoding the bitstream 1295, including some components selected from an inverse quantization module 1214, an inverse transform module 1215, an intra-prediction module 1225, a motion compensation module 1230, an in-loop filter 1245, a decoded picture buffer 1250, a MV buffer 1265, a MV prediction module 1275, and a parser 1290. The motion compensation module 1230 is part of an inter-prediction module 1240. The intra-prediction module 1225 is part of a current picture prediction module 1220, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0131] In some embodiments, the modules 1214 –1290 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device. In some embodiments, the modules 1214 –1290 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more ICs of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 1214 –1290 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0132] The parser 1290 (or entropy decoder) receives the bitstream 1295 and performs initial parsing according to the syntax defined by a video-coding or image-coding standard. The parsed syntax element includes various header elements, flags, as well as quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1212. The parser 1290 parses out the various syntax elements by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman encoding.
[0133] The inverse quantization module 1214 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1212 to obtain transform coefficients, and the inverse transform module 1215 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 1218 to produce reconstructed residual signal 1219. The reconstructed residual signal 1219 is added with predicted pixel data 1213 from the intra-prediction module 1225 or the motion compensation module 1230 to produce decoded pixel data 1217. The decoded pixels data are filtered by the in-loop filter 1245 and stored in the decoded picture buffer 1250. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 1250 is a storage external to the video decoder 1200. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 1250 is a storage internal to the video decoder 1200.
[0134] The intra-prediction module 1225 receives intra-prediction data from bitstream 1295 and according to which, produces the predicted pixel data 1213 from the decoded pixel data 1217 stored in the decoded picture buffer 1250. In some embodiments, the decoded pixel data 1217 is also stored in a line buffer 1227 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction.
[0135] In some embodiments, the content of the decoded picture buffer 1250 is used for display. A display device 1205 either retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer 1250 for display directly, or retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer to a display buffer. In some embodiments, the display device receives pixel values from the decoded picture buffer 1250 through a pixel transport.
[0136] The motion compensation module 1230 produces predicted pixel data 1213 from the decoded pixel data 1217 stored in the decoded picture buffer 1250 according to motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) . These motion compensation MVs are decoded by adding the residual motion data received from the bitstream 1295 with predicted MVs received from the MV prediction module 1275.
[0137] The MV prediction module 1275 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for decoding previous video frames, e.g., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 1275 retrieves the reference MVs of previous video frames from the MV buffer 1265. The video decoder 1200 stores the motion compensation MVs generated for decoding the current video frame in the MV buffer 1265 as reference MVs for producing predicted MVs.
[0138] The in-loop filter 1245 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the decoded pixel data 1217 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 1245 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) . In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters.
[0139] FIG. 13 illustrates portions of the video decoder 1200 that implement subblock cross-component prediction. As illustrated, a model constructor 1320 uses luma and chroma samples of template regions neighboring the current block (template luma samples 1312 and template chroma samples 1314) to generate a CCP model 1330 of a current block or current subblock. A template provider 1310 provides the template luma samples 1312 and the template chroma samples 1314 to the model constructor 1320. The template provider 1310 may provide reconstructed luma samples and reconstructed chroma samples fetched from the decoded picture buffer 1250 as the template luma samples 1312 and template chroma samples 1314. In some embodiments, when the neighboring template of a subblock is within the current block, the CCP model1330 of the subblock is derived using samples of an extrapolated template region that is outside the current block.
[0140] The current CCP model 1330 may also be provided by a CCP merge list 1340, which includes stored CCP models 1355 associated with various neighboring positions of the current block or pre-defined positions as candidates in the list. The current CCP model 1330 used for the current block or subblock is stored in the CCP model storage 1350 to be used for cross-component prediction of subsequent blocks or subblocks. In some embodiments, only subblock CCP models associated with certain specific positions are stored and used as candidates for CCP merge mode. In some embodiments, once the current block or subblock is entirely reconstructed, the model constructor 1320 may use reconstructed luma and chroma samples of the current block or subblock to re-derive the CCP model for the current block or subblock. The re-derived CCP model is then stored in the CCP model storage 1350. In some embodiments, only (re-derived) subblock CCP models associated with certain specific positions are stored and used as candidates for CCP merge mode. CCP merge mode is described in Section II. C above.
[0141] The current CCP model 1330 is then applied to reconstructed luma samples 1317 by a cross-component prediction generator 1360 to generate predicted chroma samples 1313. The reconstructed luma samples 1317 are part of the reconstructed pixel data 1217. The predicted chroma samples 1313 become part of the predicted pixel data 1213.
[0142] FIG. 14 conceptually illustrates a video decoding process 1400 that derives and uses cross-component models for decoding pixel blocks. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the decoder 1200 performs the process 1400 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the decoder 1200 performs the process 1400.
[0143] The decoder receives (at block 1410) data to be decoded as a current block of pixels in a current picture of a video, the current block having a plurality of subblocks. The decoder derives (at block 1420) a cross-component prediction (CCP) model for each subblock of the plurality of subblocks using reconstructed samples of a neighboring template region of the subblock.
[0144] In some embodiments, when the neighboring template of a subblock is within the current block, the CCP model of the subblock is derived using samples of an extrapolated template region that is outside the current block. In some embodiments, the neighboring template region of at least one subblock is within the current block or is different than the neighboring template of the current block. In some embodiments, the neighboring template region of at least one subblock includes samples immediately neighboring the subblock. In some embodiments, the neighboring template of a subblock is defined based on width or height of the subblock.
[0145] In some embodiments, the CCP models of the different subblocks are derived in parallel independent processes based on reconstructed samples outside of the current block. The chroma component of each subblock being predicted based on the derived CCP model and the collocated luma samples of the subblock. In some embodiments, the transform process of the chroma component of the different subblocks may be performed separately. In some embodiments, the transform process of the chroma component of the current block is performed at the block level. In some embodiments, the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks of the current block are derived sequentially in a pre-defined order, with the reconstructed sample values of each subblock being used to derive the CCP model of the next subblock. Derivation of CCP models is described in Section II. B above.
[0146] The decoder stores (at block 1430) the derived CCP model for the subblock to be referenced or inherited by a subsequent block (for when the subsequent block is coded in CCP merge mode and references a neighboring position that points to the current block. ) In some embodiments, the CCP model of the subblock is re-derived and stored for the subblock when luma and chroma samples of the subblock are reconstructed.
[0147] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of CCP models may be stored in association with a subblock position, a subblock width, or a subblock height. In some embodiments, some or all of the CCP models stored for the plurality of subblocks are included in a CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block. For example, in some embodiments, only a CCP model stored for a subblock closest to a neighboring position of the subsequent block is included in the CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block. For another example, in some embodiments, only a CCP model stored for a subblock at a pre-defined position is included in the CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block.
[0148] In some embodiments, the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks are added to a history-based table that is maintained to include recently used cross-component models for CCP merge mode. The CCP models may be added to the history-based table according to a coding order among the plurality of subblocks. In some embodiments, only a subset of the CCP models is / are added to the history-based table. For example, the video coder may add only the CCP models at one or more pre-defined positions of the current block into the history-based table. In some embodiments, only the CCP models at top-left position of the current block is added to the history-based table. Storing CCP models as candidates for CCP merge mode is described Section II. C above.
[0149] The decoder uses (at block 1440) the derived CCP model of the subblock to generate a cross-component prediction. The decoder reconstructs (at block 1450) the current block using the generated cross-component prediction (e.g., to generate residuals for chroma components) . The reconstructed current block may then be outputted or displayed as part of the reconstructed current picture. V. Example Electronic System
[0150] Many of the above-described features and applications are implemented as software processes that are specified as a set of instructions recorded on a computer readable storage medium (also referred to as computer readable medium) . When these instructions are executed by one or more computational or processing unit (s) (e.g., one or more processors, cores of processors, or other processing units) , they cause the processing unit (s) to perform the actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, random-access memory (RAM) chips, hard drives, erasable programmable read only memories (EPROMs) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) , etc. The computer readable media does not include carrier waves and electronic signals passing wirelessly or over wired connections.
[0151] In this specification, the term “software” is meant to include firmware residing in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storage which can be read into memory for processing by a processor. Also, in some embodiments, multiple software inventions can be implemented as sub-parts of a larger program while remaining distinct software inventions. In some embodiments, multiple software inventions can also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combination of separate programs that together implement a software invention described here is within the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the software programs, when installed to operate on one or more electronic systems, define one or more specific machine implementations that execute and perform the operations of the software programs.
[0152] FIG. 15 conceptually illustrates an electronic system 1500 with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented. The electronic system 1500 may be a computer (e.g., a desktop computer, personal computer, tablet computer, etc. ) , phone, PDA, or any other sort of electronic device. Such an electronic system includes various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. Electronic system 1500 includes a bus 1505, processing unit (s) 1510, a graphics-processing unit (GPU) 1515, a system memory 1520, a network 1525, a read-only memory 1530, a permanent storage device 1535, input devices 1540, and output devices 1545.
[0153] The bus 1505 collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of the electronic system 1500. For instance, the bus 1505 communicatively connects the processing unit (s) 1510 with the GPU 1515, the read-only memory 1530, the system memory 1520, and the permanent storage device 1535.
[0154] From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 1510 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the present disclosure. The processing unit (s) may be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different embodiments. Some instructions are passed to and executed by the GPU 1515. The GPU 1515 can offload various computations or complement the image processing provided by the processing unit (s) 1510.
[0155] The read-only-memory (ROM) 1530 stores static data and instructions that are used by the processing unit (s) 1510 and other modules of the electronic system. The permanent storage device 1535, on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the electronic system 1500 is off. Some embodiments of the present disclosure use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 1535.
[0156] Other embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash memory device, etc., and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device. Like the permanent storage device 1535, the system memory 1520 is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device 1535, the system memory 1520 is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. The system memory 1520 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor uses at runtime. In some embodiments, processes in accordance with the present disclosure are stored in the system memory 1520, the permanent storage device 1535, and / or the read-only memory 1530. For example, the various memory units include instructions for processing multimedia clips in accordance with some embodiments. From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 1510 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some embodiments.
[0157] The bus 1505 also connects to the input and output devices 1540 and 1545. The input devices 1540 enable the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. The input devices 1540 include alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices” ) , cameras (e.g., webcams) , microphones or similar devices for receiving voice commands, etc. The output devices 1545 display images generated by the electronic system or otherwise output data. The output devices 1545 include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD) , as well as speakers or similar audio output devices. Some embodiments include devices such as a touchscreen that function as both input and output devices.
[0158] Finally, as shown in FIG. 15, bus 1505 also couples electronic system 1500 to a network 1525 through a network adapter (not shown) . In this manner, the computer can be a part of a network of computers (such as a local area network ( “LAN” ) , a wide area network ( “WAN” ) , or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system 1500 may be used in conjunction with the present disclosure.
[0159] Some embodiments include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (alternatively referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media) . Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM) , recordable compact discs (CD-R) , rewritable compact discs (CD-RW) , read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM) , a variety of recordable / rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc. ) , flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc. ) , magnetic and / or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable discs, ultra-density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media may store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter.
[0160] While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, many of the above-described features and applications are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) . In some embodiments, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself. In addition, some embodiments execute software stored in programmable logic devices (PLDs) , ROM, or RAM devices.
[0161] As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer” , “server” , “processor” , and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium, ” “computer readable media, ” and “machine readable medium” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals.
[0162] While the present disclosure has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present disclosure can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, a number of the figures (including FIG. 11 and FIG. 14) conceptually illustrate processes. The specific operations of these processes may not be performed in the exact order shown and described. The specific operations may not be performed in one continuous series of operations, and different specific operations may be performed in different embodiments. Furthermore, the process could be implemented using several sub-processes, or as part of a larger macro process. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the present disclosure is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims. Additional Notes
[0163] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0164] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0165] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0166] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A video coding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, the current block comprising a plurality of subblocks;deriving a cross-component prediction (CCP) model for each subblock of the plurality of subblocks using reconstructed samples of a neighboring template region of the subblock;storing the derived CCP models for the subblocks to be referenced by a subsequent block;using the derived CCP model of the subblock to generate a cross-component prediction; andencoding or decoding the current block using the generated cross-component prediction.2.The video coding claim of claim 1, wherein when the neighboring template of a subblock is within the current block, the CCP model of the subblock is derived using samples of an extrapolated template region that is outside the current block.3.The video coding method of claim 2, wherein the CCP models of the different subblocks are derived in parallel independent processes based on reconstructed samples outside of the current block.4.The video coding method of claim 2, wherein transform process of chroma component of the different subblocks are performed separately, the chroma component of each subblock being predicted based on the derived CCP model and the collocated luma samples of the subblock.5.The video coding method of claim 2, wherein transform process of chroma component of the current block is performed at the block level, the chroma component of each subblock being predicted based on the derived CCP model and the collocated luma samples of the subblock.6.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the subsequent block is coded in CCP merge mode and references a neighboring position that points to the current block.7.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the CCP model of the subblock is re-derived and stored for the subblock when luma and chroma samples of the subblock are reconstructed.8.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of CCP models is stored in association with a subblock position, a subblock width, or a subblock height.9.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein some or all of the CCP models stored for the plurality of subblocks are included in a CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block when the subsequent block references the current block.10.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein only a CCP model stored for a subblock closest to a neighboring position of the subsequent block is included in a CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block, wherein the neighboring position is within the current block.11.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein only a CCP model stored for a subblock at a pre-defined position of the current block is included in a CCP merge mode candidate list for coding the subsequent block, when the subsequent block references the current block.12.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks are added to a history-based table that is maintained to include recently used cross-component models for CCP merge mode.13.The video coding method of claim 12, wherein only a subset of the CCP models are added to the history-based table.14.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the CCP models of the plurality of subblocks of the current block are derived sequentially in a pre-defined order, wherein the reconstructed sample values of each subblock are used to derive the CCP model of the next subblock.15.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the neighboring template region of at least one subblock is within the current block or different from the neighboring template of the current block.16.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the neighboring template region of at least one subblock comprises samples immediately neighboring the subblock.17.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the neighboring template of a subblock is defined based on width or height of the subblock.18.An electronic apparatus comprising:a video coder circuit configured to perform operations comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, the current block comprising a plurality of subblocks;deriving a cross-component prediction (CCP) model for each subblock of the plurality of subblocks using reconstructed samples of a neighboring template region of the subblock;storing the derived CCP models for the subblocks to be referenced by a subsequent block;using the derived CCP model of the subblock to generate a cross-component prediction; andencoding or decoding the current block using the generated cross-component prediction.19.A video decoding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, the current block comprising a plurality of subblocks;deriving a cross-component prediction (CCP) model for each subblock of the plurality of subblocks using reconstructed samples of a neighboring template region of the subblock;storing the derived CCP models for the subblocks to be referenced by a subsequent block;using the derived CCP model of the subblock to generate a cross-component prediction; andreconstructing the current block using the generated cross-component prediction.20.A video encoding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, the current block comprising a plurality of subblocks;deriving a cross-component prediction (CCP) model for each subblock of the plurality of subblocks using reconstructed samples of a neighboring template region of the subblock;storing the derived CCP models for the subblocks to be referenced by a subsequent block;using the derived CCP model of the subblock to generate a cross-component prediction; andencoding the current block using the generated cross-component prediction.