Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

Provided in the present application are laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, an infrared reflective layer, a bonding layer, a second glass plate, and a low-transmittance thermal insulation layer, wherein the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer comprises at least one absorption functional layer, and the laminated glass has a visible light transmittance TL1 of less than or equal to 15%, and a transmission index A of greater than or equal to 10, wherein the transmission index A=TL1 / (TExTL3). In the present application, by providing the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer and the infrared reflective layer for combined use, the laminated glass has a relatively low visible light transmittance TL1 and a relatively low emissivity e, and a deeply colored PVB film in the related art can be omitted, thus enabling the laminated glass to have the effects of low costs, simple manufacturing and production, and privacy protection. The laminated glass has a lower total solar transmittance TTS and can thus insulate heat better, and the provision of a sunshade curtain in a vehicle is omitted, thereby obtaining a larger height space inside the vehicle.

Description

Laminated glass and vehicles

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510075641.1, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on January 17, 2025, entitled "Laminated Glass and Vehicle", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the field of glass technology, specifically relating to laminated glass and vehicles. Background Technology

[0003] As the market demand for new energy vehicles grows, people are increasingly demanding higher standards for vehicle windows to better showcase their intelligence and functionality. In vehicles, to meet the privacy and light-blocking requirements of window glass, dark-tinted PVB films and / or dark-tinted glass are often used to absorb visible light and reduce transmittance. However, the high cost of PVB films contributes to the overall high cost of vehicles.

[0004] Furthermore, because the power battery pack is installed in the chassis of new energy vehicles, the interior height is reduced. Therefore, sunshades are omitted in related technologies to gain more interior height. However, this allows solar heat from outside the vehicle to enter the cabin through the windows, significantly reducing passenger comfort and user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides a laminated glass, the laminated glass comprising a first glass plate, an infrared reflective layer, an adhesive layer, a second glass plate, and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer, the first glass plate having a first side and a second side, the second glass plate having a third side and a fourth side, the adhesive layer connecting the second side and the third side, the infrared reflective layer being disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and the low-transmittance heat insulation layer being disposed on the fourth side;

[0006] The low-transmittance heat insulation layer includes at least one absorption functional layer, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤15%, and the transmittance index A of the laminated glass is ≥10.

[0007] Wherein, the transmittance index A = TL1 / (TE×TL3), TL1 is the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, TE is the direct solar transmittance of the laminated glass, and TL3 is the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate with the low-transmittance heat insulation layer.

[0008] Wherein, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤10%, or ≤8%, or ≤5%, or ≤3%, or ≤1%.

[0009] The total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass is ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤13%, or ≤10%.

[0010] Specifically, the emissivity e of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer, is 0.36 ≤ e < 0.5, or 0.40 ≤ e ≤ 0.48.

[0011] The emissivity e of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer, is 0.15≤e≤0.35 or 0.2≤e≤0.3.

[0012] Specifically, the interior visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer, is ≤5%, ≤3%, ≤2%, or ≤1%.

[0013] Wherein, the visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass measured from the first side is ≤17%, or ≤15%, or ≤13%, or ≤10%.

[0014] The low-transmittance heat insulation layer does not include a transparent conductive oxide layer. The material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), YZO (yttrium-doped zinc oxide), HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), WAZO (tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), or GZO (gallium-doped zinc oxide).

[0015] The second glass plate has a visible light transmittance TL2 and a visible light transmittance TL3 for the second glass plate with the low-transmittance heat insulation layer. TL2≥70% and TL3≤15%.

[0016] Among them, TL2≥80% or TL2≥90%, and TL3≤10%.

[0017] The low-permeability heat insulation layer includes at least two first dielectric layers and at least two absorption functional layers stacked together. Each absorption functional layer is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers. The material of the absorption functional layer is selected from at least one element selected from Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, Mg, as well as its elemental composition, alloy, oxide, nitride, or nitrogen oxide.

[0018] The low-transmittance heat insulation layer further includes an outermost low-refractive-index layer, which is located furthest from the fourth surface, and the refractive index of the outermost low-refractive-index layer is less than or equal to 1.7.

[0019] The physical thickness of the low-permeability heat insulation layer is 150nm to 500nm, or 200nm to 400nm, or 220nm to 300nm.

[0020] The total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 15nm to 100nm, or 18nm to 80nm, or 20nm to 60nm.

[0021] The infrared reflective layer includes at least two stacked metal functional layers, wherein the material of the metal functional layers is selected from at least one element selected from Ag, Au, Cu, Al, and Pt, or an alloy thereof.

[0022] Wherein, the transmittance index A of the laminated glass is ≥20, or ≥50, or ≥70, or ≥90, or ≥100.

[0023] The total physical thickness of the metal functional layer is 10nm to 50nm; the physical thickness of the infrared reflective layer is 70nm to 500nm.

[0024] The ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 0.5 to 1.6, or 0.8 to 1.5, or 0.9 to 1.3.

[0025] The laminated glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0026] (1) The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL4≥70%, or TL4≥80%, or TL4≥90%;

[0027] (2) The first glass plate is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass;

[0028] (3) The second glass plate is transparent glass, ultra-transparent glass, or light-colored glass;

[0029] (4) The visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer is TL5≥70%, or TL5≥80%, or TL5≥85%;

[0030] (5) The adhesive layer is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a light-colored thermoplastic polymer film.

[0031] A second aspect of this application provides a vehicle comprising a body and a laminated glass as provided in the first aspect of this application, the laminated glass being mounted on the body.

[0032] The laminated glass and vehicle provided in this application, by using a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer and an infrared reflective layer together, give the laminated glass a low visible light transmittance TL1 and a low emissivity e. This eliminates the need for the dark-tinted PVB film in related technologies, resulting in laminated glass that is low-cost, simple to manufacture, and provides privacy protection. Furthermore, the laminated glass has a lower total solar transmittance TTS, allowing it to better block heat and eliminating the need for interior sunshades, thus providing more interior height and improving the user experience. Additionally, the laminated glass has a low interior visible light reflectance RL4. When the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is positioned towards the vehicle interior, it reduces reflections inside the vehicle, avoiding visual interference for passengers, especially rear passengers, and improving visual comfort inside the vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of laminated glass provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of laminated glass provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second glass plate and the low-transparency heat insulation layer provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the second glass plate and the low-transparency heat insulation layer provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the second glass plate and the low-transparency heat insulation layer provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0039] Labeling explanation: laminated glass 1, first glass plate 11, first surface 111, second surface 112, adhesive layer 12, second glass plate 13, third surface 131, fourth surface 132, low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20, first dielectric layer 21, absorption functional layer 22, outermost low refractive index layer 23, infrared reflective layer 30, dimming film 40. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings:

[0042] In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0043] In this application, "one or more" refers to any one, any two, or any two or more of the listed items. "Several" refers to any two or more.

[0044] The value of x in the chemical formula: If it is clearly defined, the defined range shall prevail. If it is not clearly defined, it can be determined according to the stoichiometric, substoichiometric, or superstoichiometric deposition methods used in the magnetron sputtering process.

[0045] Refractive index: The refractive index measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0046] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, please refer to Figures 1-5. This application provides a laminated glass 1, which includes a first glass plate 11, an infrared reflective layer 30, an adhesive layer 12, a second glass plate 13, and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. The first glass plate 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112, the second glass plate 13 has a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132, the adhesive layer 12 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 131, the infrared reflective layer 30 is disposed between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13, and the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is disposed on the fourth surface 132.

[0047] The low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 includes at least one absorption functional layer 22. The absorption functional layer 22 has functions such as reducing the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1, reducing the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1, reducing the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1, and adjusting the appearance color of the laminated glass 1, so that the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤15%, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 is ≤20%, and the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer is ≤0.5, thereby improving the thermal comfort and visual comfort inside the vehicle.

[0048] Specifically, the first glass plate 11 serves as the outer glass plate of the laminated glass 1. The first glass plate 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112. The first surface 111 is away from the adhesive layer 12 and in contact with the external environment of the vehicle, while the second surface 112 is close to the adhesive layer 12. The second glass plate 13 serves as the inner glass plate of the laminated glass 1. The second glass plate 13 has a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132. The third surface 131 is close to the adhesive layer 12, while the fourth surface 132 is away from the adhesive layer 12 and close to the internal environment of the vehicle. The adhesive layer 12 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 131, and the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is disposed on the fourth surface 132.

[0049] The first glass plate 11 has a thickness of 0.7mm to 4.0mm, and its visible light transmittance TL4 is ≥70%, ≥80%, or ≥90%. The first glass plate 11 is either transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass (ultra-clear glass). The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass (standard clear glass) is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and its visible light transmittance is 80% to 95%. The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the ultra-transparent glass (ultra-clear glass) is less than or equal to 0.015%, even less than or equal to 0.01%, and even less than or equal to 50 PPM, and its visible light transmittance is 90% to 95%. For example, the outer glass plate can be 2.1mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%. The thickness of the outer glass plate is preferably 1.6mm to 3.5mm. The application selects transparent or ultra-transparent glass as the first glass plate 11, which helps to reduce the cost of the laminated glass 1 and reduces the absorption of infrared rays when used in conjunction with the infrared reflective layer 30. This maximizes the function of the infrared reflective layer 30 in reflecting infrared rays and improves the heat insulation performance of the laminated glass 1.

[0050] The adhesive layer 12 can be a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a light-colored thermoplastic polymer film, and the thickness of the adhesive layer 12 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. For example, the thickness of the adhesive layer 12 can be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.28 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 2.28 mm. The material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP).

[0051] Optionally, the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≥70%, ≥80%, or ≥85%. When the adhesive layer 12 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 85%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer 12 can be, but is not limited to, 85%, 90%, or 95%.

[0052] In related technologies, the adhesive layer 12 is selected from a dark-colored thermoplastic polymer film with a visible light transmittance ≤44%, such as gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 28%, 12%, 8%, 5%, or 2%. Alternatively, this application may use a light-colored thermoplastic polymer film with a visible light transmittance ≥70% or ≥80%. When the adhesive layer 12 is a light-colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the light-colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than or equal to 70%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer 12 may be, but is not limited to, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The light-colored thermoplastic polymer film may be a light gray, light green, or light blue thermoplastic polymer film.

[0053] Optionally, the adhesive layer 12 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. Examples of multi-layer structures include double-layer, triple-layer, quadruple-layer, and five-layer structures. The adhesive layer 12 can also have other functions, such as adding infrared absorbers to provide sun protection or heat insulation, adding ultraviolet absorbers to provide ultraviolet protection, or having at least one layer of the multi-layer structure with a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation.

[0054] The second glass plate 13 has a thickness of 0.7mm to 3.5mm and a visible light transmittance TL2 ≥ 70%, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The second glass plate 13 is transparent glass, ultra-transparent glass, or light-colored glass. The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass (standard clear glass) is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and the visible light transmittance is 80% to 95%. The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the ultra-transparent glass (ultra-clear glass) is less than or equal to 0.015%, even less than or equal to 0.01%, and even less than or equal to 50 PPM, and the visible light transmittance is 90% to 95%.

[0055] Optionally, the second glass plate 13 may be made of dark-colored glass with a visible light transmittance of ≤60%, such as dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 42%, dark gray glass with a visible light transmittance of 18%, or dark gray glass with a visible light transmittance of 10%.

[0056] Preferably, the second glass plate 13 can also be light-colored glass with a visible light transmittance of ≥70%, ≥80%, or ≥85%. For example, the second glass plate 13 can be 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%, or 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%. Using transparent glass, ultra-transparent glass, or light-colored glass as the second glass plate 13 in this application helps reduce the cost of the laminated glass 1 and maximizes the function of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 when used in conjunction with it. Compared with dark-colored glass, it also reduces the difficulty of glass forming processes and improves the quality of glass forming.

[0057] Optionally, a dimming film 40 is provided between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13. The dimming film 40 can be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), a suspended particle film (SPD), an electrochromic film (EC), a dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. The minimum visible light transmittance of the dimming film 40 is less than or equal to 3%, for example, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0%. In addition, the maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming film 40 can be set as needed, for example, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, or 80%. Specifically, for example, the visible light transmittance of the dimming film 40 can be adjusted between 0% and 20%, between 0.5% and 50%, or between 1% and 70%, etc. The dimming film 40 can meet the visible light transmittance requirements in multiple scenarios. For example, when black border display is required, the dimming film 40 is in an opaque state (visible light transmittance is less than or equal to 3%, or even 0%), which improves the contrast between the displayed image and the displayed background. When no display is required, the dimming film 40 is in a transparent state (visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to 70%), which enables a larger area of ​​the laminated glass 1 to be transparent. The dimming film 40 is disposed in the adhesive layer 12. For example, the adhesive layer 12 can be two thermoplastic polymer films, and the dimming film 40 is sandwiched between the two thermoplastic polymer films.

[0058] The visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤15%, specifically, it can be 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1%, etc. Preferably, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤10%, more preferably, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤8%. Further, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤5%. Even further, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤2%. The laminated glass 1 provided in this application has a low visible light transmittance TL1, thereby preventing occupants of the vehicle from being glared by sunlight, and has the effect of protecting privacy and preventing glare.

[0059] The total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 1 is ≤20%, specifically, it can be 20%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, or 8%, etc. Preferably, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 1 is ≤18%, more preferably, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 1 is ≤15%. Further, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 1 is ≤13%. Even further, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 1 is ≤10%. The laminated glass 1 provided in this application has a low total solar transmittance (TTS), which can reduce the transmission of heat radiation in sunlight, block heat, and thereby obtain a larger interior height space and improve the thermal comfort of the user without the need for a sunshade in the vehicle.

[0060] In some embodiments, the laminated glass 1 has a medium emissivity, that is, the emissivity e of the laminated glass measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is 0.36 ≤ e < 0.5. The emissivity of the laminated glass without the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is around 0.9. The laminated glass 1 with medium emissivity can achieve the effect of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter. The emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is less than 0.5, and specific examples can be 0.5, 0.48, 0.47, 0.46, 0.45, 0.44, 0.43, 0.42, 0.41, 0.40, 0.39, 0.38, 0.37, or 0.36, etc.; preferably, the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is 0.40 ≤ e ≤ 0.48. The laminated glass 1 provided in this application has a moderate emissivity e, which can effectively block the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the vehicle, achieving the effect of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter without the need for a sunshade in the vehicle.

[0061] In other embodiments, the laminated glass 1 has a low emissivity, specifically, the emissivity e of the laminated glass measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is 0.15 ≤ e ≤ 0.35. The emissivity of the laminated glass without the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is around 0.9. The laminated glass 1 with low emissivity can achieve the effect of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter. The emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is 0.15 ≤ e ≤ 0.35, and can be specifically exemplified as 0.35, 0.34, 0.33, 0.32, 0.31, 0.30, 0.29, 0.28, 0.27, 0.26, 0.25, 0.20, 0.18, or 0.15, etc.; preferably, the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is 0.2 ≤ e ≤ 0.3. The laminated glass 1 provided in this application has a low emissivity e, which can effectively block the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the vehicle, achieving the effect of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter without the need for a sunshade in the vehicle.

[0062] In this application, the laminated glass 1 has a medium or low emissivity. The low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 enables the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 to be ≤0.5. The low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 includes at least one absorption functional layer 22, which can reduce the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1, thereby replacing the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer in the related art. That is, the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 does not include the transparent conductive oxide layer. The material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), YZO (yttrium-doped zinc oxide), HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), WAZO (tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), or GZO (gallium-doped zinc oxide). This application utilizes an absorption functional layer 22 to replace the transparent conductive oxide layer in related technologies, which can achieve the effect of reducing visible light transmittance without the need to add additional visible light absorbing materials. Furthermore, compared with the magnetron sputtering efficiency of transparent conductive oxide, the absorption functional layer 22 used in this application can further improve the magnetron sputtering efficiency, thereby improving the production efficiency of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20.

[0063] Specifically, the visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is ≤5%, and can be exemplified as 5%, 4%, 3%, 2.5%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, or 0.5%, etc. Preferably, the visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is ≤3%. More preferably, the visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is ≤2%. Further, the visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20 is ≤1%.

[0064] When laminated glass 1 is installed in a vehicle, the low-transparency heat-insulating layer 20 faces inwards. The visible light reflectivity of automotive glass using this technology generally exceeds 8%. When this glass is used for a sunroof without a sunshade, passengers and objects inside the vehicle (such as center console displays or displays of other electronic devices) are reflected sharply on the sunroof due to mirror reflection, causing visual interference, especially for rear passengers, and discomfort. Furthermore, as sunroof glass becomes larger and its visible light transmittance decreases—for example, the reflections on panoramic sunroofs or panoramic sunroofs in electric vehicles become increasingly clear—if passengers use mobile phones or other electronic devices, the content of these devices may be clearly displayed on the sunroof and observed by other passengers, leading to privacy breaches.

[0065] The laminated glass 1 provided in this application has a low visible light reflectance RL4 inside the vehicle, which reduces the visible light reflectance inside the vehicle, can reduce the reflection phenomenon inside the vehicle, avoid visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improve the visual comfort inside the vehicle.

[0066] Specifically, the visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤17%, and can be exemplified by 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, or 10%, etc. Preferably, the visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤15%. More preferably, the visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤13%. Further, the visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤10%.

[0067] When the laminated glass 1 is installed in a vehicle, the first glass panel 11 is positioned facing the outside of the vehicle. Therefore, this application sets the visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first side 111 to be ≤17%, which can reduce light pollution outside the vehicle and improve environmental friendliness to pedestrians or other vehicles outside the vehicle.

[0068] The second glass plate 13 has a visible light transmittance TL2 and a visible light transmittance TL3 provided with the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. TL2 ≥ 70% and TL3 ≤ 15%. The low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 described in this application can reduce the visible light transmittance TL3 of the second glass plate 13, thereby replacing the dark-tinted PVB film and dark-tinted glass in related technologies. This results in the laminated glass 1 having the effects of low cost, simple manufacturing, and privacy protection, as well as reducing the difficulty of glass forming process and improving glass forming quality. The visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 can be specifically exemplified as 70%, 75%, 80%, 83%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, or 95%, etc. The visible light transmittance TL3 of the second glass plate 13, which has a low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20, can be exemplified by 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0.5%, etc. Preferably, TL2 ≥ 80% or TL2 ≥ 90%, and TL3 ≤ 10%.

[0069] The structure of the low-permeability insulation layer 20 is described in detail below. The low-permeability insulation layer 20 includes at least two first dielectric layers 21 and at least two absorption functional layers 22 stacked together, with each absorption functional layer 22 located between two adjacent first dielectric layers 21.

[0070] Furthermore, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 also includes an outermost low-refractive-index layer 23, which is disposed furthest away from the fourth surface 132.

[0071] As shown in Figure 3, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 can be composed of two first dielectric layers 21, two absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low refractive index layer 23; for example, it can be composed of "first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / outermost low refractive index layer 23". Alternatively, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 can also be composed of three first dielectric layers 21, two absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low refractive index layer 23, for example, it can be composed of "first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / outermost low refractive index layer 23".

[0072] As shown in Figure 4, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 can also be composed of three first dielectric layers 21, three absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low refractive index layer 23; for example, it can be composed of "first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / outermost low refractive index layer 23". Alternatively, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 can also be composed of four first dielectric layers 21, three absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low refractive index layer 23; for example, it can be composed of "first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / outermost low refractive index layer 23".

[0073] As shown in Figure 5, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 can also be composed of four first dielectric layers 21, four absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low refractive index layer 23; for example, it can be composed of "first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / outermost low refractive index layer 23". Alternatively, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 can also be composed of five first dielectric layers 21, four absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low refractive index layer 23; for example, it can be composed of "first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / outermost low refractive index layer 23".

[0074] Optionally, in the low-permeability insulation layer 20, the number of first dielectric layers 21 is 2 to 6, specifically 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; the number of absorption functional layers 22 is 2 to 5, specifically 2, 3, 4, or 5. The ratio of the number of first dielectric layers 21 to the number of absorption functional layers 22 is 1.0 to 1.5, that is, the number of first dielectric layers 21 is greater than or equal to the number of absorption functional layers 22, specifically 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5, etc.

[0075] The first dielectric layer 21 protects the absorption functional layer 22 and adjusts the mechanical properties, chemical resistance, high-temperature heat treatment resistance, optical properties, and appearance color of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. The material of the first dielectric layer 21 is selected from nitrides, oxides, or oxynitrides of at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V, and Ta. Specific examples include SiNx, SiOx, ZnSnOx, TiOx, SiNx, ZrOx, and NbOx. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the first dielectric layer 21 is ≥1.8, specifically 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, or 2.7. Preferably, the refractive index of the first dielectric layer 21 is ≥2.0, ≥2.2, or ≥2.4.

[0076] The absorption layer 22 is used to reduce the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1, reduce the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1, reduce the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1, and adjust the appearance color of the laminated glass 1. The material of the absorption layer 22 is selected from at least one element selected from Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, and Mg, or an alloy, oxide, nitride, or oxynitride. Meanwhile, in this application, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is exposed on the fourth surface 132, and the absorption layer 22 is not selected from silver, silver alloys, or gold.

[0077] In some embodiments, the material of the absorbing functional layer 22 is selected from at least one element or alloy of Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, Mg, such as NiCr, Si, TiZr, ZnSn, Nb, etc.

[0078] In other embodiments, the material of the absorbent functional layer 22 is selected from at least one substoichiometric oxide, substoichiometric nitride, or substoichiometric nitrogen oxide of Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, and Mg, such as substoichiometric NiCrOx, substoichiometric NiCrNx, etc.

[0079] The outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is used to reduce the visible light reflectance RL4 inside the laminated glass 1. The refractive index of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is less than or equal to 1.7, specifically examples being 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, or 1.2, etc. Preferably, the refractive index of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is ≤1.6 or ≤1.4. The material of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is selected from oxides of at least one element selected from Al, Mg, Zn, Si, Zr, Sn, Ca, and V. Specific examples include Al2O3, SiO2, SiBOx, SiTiOx, SiAlOx, and SiZrOx.

[0080] The physical thickness of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is 150nm to 500nm, which helps to balance the performance and production cost of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. Specific examples include 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, or 500nm, etc. Preferably, the physical thickness of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is 200nm to 400nm. More preferably, the physical thickness of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is 220nm to 300nm.

[0081] The total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 15nm to 100nm to balance the performance and production cost of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. Specific examples include 15nm, 18nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, or 100nm. Preferably, the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 18nm to 80nm. More preferably, the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 20nm to 60nm. If the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is too small, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 will not be able to achieve its intended function. If the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is too large, the production difficulty and cost of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 will increase. Compared with the low-emissivity layers in related technologies, the total physical thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer is usually greater than 100 nm, or even greater than 200 nm. The absorption functional layer 22 provided in this application has a thinner total physical thickness, which can significantly reduce production costs and improve production efficiency.

[0082] Optionally, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 on the fourth surface 132 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 5nm to 35nm, specifically 35nm, 30nm, 25nm, 20nm, 15nm, 10nm, or 5nm, etc. The absorption functional layer 22 closest to the fourth surface 132 is also referred to as the innermost absorption functional layer 22. If the thickness of the innermost absorption functional layer 22 is too small, it is not conducive to achieving the intended function of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20; if the thickness of the innermost absorption functional layer 22 is too large, it is not conducive to the film system design and manufacturing of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 8nm to 30nm. More preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 10nm to 25nm.

[0083] Optionally, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 on the fourth surface 132 furthest from the second glass plate 13 is 1nm to 16nm, specifically, examples include 16nm, 15nm, 13nm, 12nm, 10nm, 8nm, 6nm, 5nm, 3nm, or 1nm. This absorption functional layer 22 furthest from the fourth surface 132 is also referred to as the outermost absorption functional layer 22. If the thickness of the outermost absorption functional layer 22 is too small, it will be detrimental to achieving the intended function of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 and increase manufacturing difficulty. If the thickness of the outermost absorption functional layer 22 is too large, it will result in an excessively high visible light reflectance RL4 inside the laminated glass 1, leading to severe reflections inside the vehicle. Preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 furthest from the fourth surface 132 is 2nm to 12nm. More preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 furthest from the fourth surface 132 is 3nm to 8nm.

[0084] In some embodiments, the low-permeability heat insulation layer 20 includes at least three absorption functional layers 22, and the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 located between two adjacent absorption functional layers 22 is 5 nm to 30 nm. The absorption functional layer 22 located between the innermost and outermost absorption functional layers 22 is also referred to as the intermediate absorption functional layer 22. The low-permeability heat insulation layer 20 includes at least one intermediate absorption functional layer 22. If the thickness of the intermediate absorption functional layer 22 is too small, it is not conducive to achieving the intended function of the low-permeability heat insulation layer 20; if the thickness of the intermediate absorption functional layer 22 is too large, it is not conducive to the membrane system design and manufacturing of the low-permeability heat insulation layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the intermediate absorption functional layer 22 is 7.5 nm to 25 nm.

[0085] The physical thickness of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is ≥20nm, specifically, examples include 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, or 100nm, etc. Preferably, the physical thickness of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is ≥40nm, more preferably, the physical thickness of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is ≥60nm. If the physical thickness of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is too small, it will be difficult to reduce the visible light reflectance RL4 inside the laminated glass 1. From the perspective of production convenience, the physical thickness of the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is ≤200nm, preferably ≤150nm, more preferably ≤120nm.

[0086] The physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 on the fourth surface 132 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 20nm to 100nm, specifically, it can be 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm, or 100nm, etc. The first dielectric layer 21 on the fourth surface 132 closest to the second glass plate 13 is also called the innermost first dielectric layer 21. The innermost first dielectric layer 21 is located between the fourth surface 132 and the innermost absorption functional layer 22, and is in direct contact with the fourth surface 132. The innermost first dielectric layer 21 is used to protect the innermost absorption functional layer 22 and improve the mechanical properties of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20, etc. Preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 25nm to 90nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 30nm to 80nm.

[0087] The physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 located between two adjacent absorption functional layers 22 is 20nm to 100nm, specifically, examples include 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm, or 100nm. This first dielectric layer 21 located between two adjacent absorption functional layers 22 is also referred to as the intermediate first dielectric layer 21. The intermediate first dielectric layer 21 is used to protect the absorption functional layers 22 and to adjust the mechanical properties, optical properties, and appearance color of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 30nm to 80nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 35nm to 75nm.

[0088] In one embodiment, the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is in direct contact with the absorption functional layer 22 on the fourth surface 132 furthest from the second glass plate 13, that is, the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is in direct contact with the outermost absorption functional layer 22, and the number of first dielectric layers 21 is equal to the number of absorption functional layers 22.

[0089] In other implementations of reflection, a first dielectric layer 21 is provided between the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 and the absorption functional layer 22 on the fourth surface 132 furthest from the second glass plate 13. This first dielectric layer 21, also referred to as the outermost first dielectric layer 21, has a physical thickness of 5 nm to 50 nm. The intermediate first dielectric layer 21 is used to protect the absorption functional layer 22 and to adjust the mechanical properties, optical properties, and appearance color of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 furthest from the fourth surface 132 is 8 nm to 40 nm; more preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 10 nm to 35 nm.

[0090] In order to better achieve the comprehensive requirements of vehicle window glass in terms of optical performance, mechanical performance and appearance color of the low-transparency heat insulation layer 20, the first dielectric layer 21 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, for example, including at least two dielectric sub-layers, and the difference in refractive index between two adjacent dielectric sub-layers can be greater than or equal to 0.1.

[0091] The laminated glass 1 described in this application further includes an infrared reflective layer 30, which is disposed between the first glass plate 11 and the adhesive layer 12. The infrared reflective layer 30 may include at least two stacked metal functional layers, the material of which is selected from at least one element selected from Ag, Au, Cu, Al, and Pt. Specifically, the infrared reflective layer 30 can be directly disposed on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11, or it can be first disposed on an organic resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with the organic resin film containing the infrared reflective layer 30 sandwiched between the second surface 112 and the third surface 131, for example, located in the adhesive layer 12. The material of the metal functional layer is preferably silver or a silver alloy, and examples of silver alloys include silver-gold alloys, silver-aluminum alloys, silver-copper alloys, and silver-platinum alloys. It is understood that the infrared reflective layer 30 also includes at least three second dielectric layers, with each metal functional layer located between two adjacent second dielectric layers. The second dielectric layers are used to ensure that the optical performance, mechanical performance, and appearance color of the infrared reflective layer 30 meet the comprehensive requirements of vehicle window glass. The material of the second dielectric layer is selected from at least one oxide, nitride, or oxynitride selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm, such as ZnSnOx, TiOx, SiNx, SiOx, NbOx, etc.

[0092] The infrared reflective layer 30 effectively reflects infrared rays from sunlight, thereby blocking heat transfer and reducing the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 1 to ≤20%. The physical thickness of the infrared reflective layer 30 ranges from 70 nm to 500 nm. Specifically, the physical thickness of the infrared reflective layer 30 can be, but is not limited to, 70 nm, 80 nm, 140 nm, 160 nm, 220 nm, 280 nm, 330 nm, 380 nm, 440 nm, 480 nm, and 500 nm.

[0093] When the infrared reflective layer 30 has two metallic functional layers and three second dielectric layers, it can be called a double-silver infrared reflective layer. Similarly, when the infrared reflective layer 30 has three metallic functional layers and four second dielectric layers, it can be called a triple-silver infrared reflective layer, and so on, there can be quadruple-silver infrared reflective layers and pentaple-silver infrared reflective layers.

[0094] Optionally, the total physical thickness of the metal functional layers is 10nm to 50nm, specifically examples being 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, and 50nm. The total physical thickness of the metal functional layers is equal to the sum of the physical thicknesses of all the metal functional layers in the infrared reflective layer 30. A total physical thickness of 10nm to 50nm allows the infrared reflective layer 30 to have good infrared reflection performance, while also reducing the design complexity of the infrared reflective layer 30 and ensuring that it can withstand high-temperature heat treatment and bending processes, meeting the automotive-grade requirements for vehicle window glass. Specifically, the physical thickness of each metal functional layer is 4nm to 16nm, specifically examples being 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 8nm, 10nm, 12nm, 14nm, and 16nm.

[0095] The visible light reflected color of the laminated glass 1, measured from the first surface 111, has a Lab value where a ≤ 0 and b ≤ 0. Examples of specific values ​​include a ≤ 0 and b ≤ 0, or a ≤ 0 and b ≤ -1, or a ≤ 0 and b ≤ -5, or a ≤ -1 and b ≤ -1, or a ≤ -1 and b ≤ -5, or a ≤ -1 and b ≤ -10, or a ≤ -2 and b ≤ -3, or a ≤ -1 and b ≤ -5, or a ≤ -2 and b ≤ -5, or a ≤ -2 and b ≤ -10, or a ≤ -3 and b ≤ -3, or a ≤ -3 and b ≤ -5, or a ≤ -3 and b ≤ -10. The visible light reflected color of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 is also referred to as the exterior visible light reflected color, where a ≤ 0 and b ≤ 0, thus making the visible light reflected color of the laminated glass 1 close to a neutral color or a visually comfortable color.

[0096] The transmittance index A of the laminated glass 1 is ≥10, specifically 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or 110, etc. Preferably, the transmittance index A of the laminated glass 1 is ≥20, ≥50, ≥70, ≥90, or ≥100, etc. It should be noted that a transmittance index A ≥10 for the laminated glass 1 can better meet the comprehensive requirements of lower visible light transmittance TL1, lower emissivity e, lower total solar transmittance TTS, lower interior visible light reflectance RL4, and lower exterior visible light reflectance RL1, etc., which can omit the dark-tinted PVB film and dark-tinted glass in related technologies, and improve the design freedom of the laminated glass 1. Wherein, the transmittance index A = TL1 / (TE×TL3), TL1 is the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 1, TE is the direct solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass 1, and TL3 is the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 13 provided with the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20.

[0097] In some embodiments, the laminated glass 1 is simultaneously provided with a low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 and an infrared reflective layer 30. To better obtain laminated glass 1 with excellent comprehensive performance in terms of visible light transmittance TL1, emissivity e, total solar transmittance TTS, interior visible light reflectance RL4, exterior visible light reflectance RL1, and appearance color, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metallic functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is preferably 0.5 to 1.6, specifically 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, etc. More preferably, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metallic functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 0.8 to 1.5. Even more preferably, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metallic functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 0.9 to 1.3.

[0098] This application also provides a vehicle, the vehicle including a body and a laminated glass 1 as described above, the laminated glass 1 being mounted on the body.

[0099] When laminated glass 1 is installed on a vehicle, it is preferably used as a sunroof. However, it is not limited to this; laminated glass can also be used as a rear windshield, side window, or corner window, thus providing more display application scenarios for the vehicle.

[0100] To make the objectives and advantages of this application clearer, the effects of the laminated glass of this application will be further explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0101] Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-12

[0102] Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3: 2.1 mm thick transparent glass was used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13. The visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 was ≥88%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 was ≥88%; wherein, TL4 = TL2.

[0103] Comparative Example 1: A 0.76 mm thick gray PVB was used as the adhesive layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 was ≤10%.

[0104] Examples 1-3: A 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB is used as the adhesive layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≥88%.

[0105] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automotive glass manufacturing process, an infrared reflective layer 30 is deposited on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11, a low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 in Examples 1-3, and an ITO low-emissivity layer is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 in Comparative Example 1.

[0106] The structural parameters of the laminated glass in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.

[0107] Table 1: Structural parameters of the laminated glass in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3

[0108] Examples 4-6: A 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the first glass plate 11, and the visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is ≥88%; a 2.1 mm thick green glass is used as the second glass plate 13, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is ≥83%; wherein, TL4 > TL2; a 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB is used as the adhesive layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≥88%.

[0109] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automotive glass manufacturing process, an infrared reflective layer 30 is deposited on the second side 112 of the first glass plate 11, and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is deposited on the fourth side 132 of the second glass plate 13.

[0110] The structural parameters of the laminated glass in Examples 4-6 are shown in Table 2.

[0111] Table 2: Structural parameters of the laminated glass in Examples 4-6

[0112] Examples 7-9: 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13. The visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is ≥88%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is ≥88%. Wherein, TL4 = TL2. 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB is used as the adhesive layer 12. The visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≥88%.

[0113] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automotive glass manufacturing process, an infrared reflective layer 30 is deposited on the second side 112 of the first glass plate 11, and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is deposited on the fourth side 132 of the second glass plate 13.

[0114] The structural parameters of the laminated glass in Examples 7-9 are shown in Table 3.

[0115] Table 3: Structural parameters of the laminated glass in Examples 7-9

[0116] Examples 10-12: 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13. The visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is ≥88%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is ≥88%. Wherein, TL4 = TL2. 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB is used as the adhesive layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≥88%.

[0117] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automotive glass manufacturing process, an infrared reflective layer 30 is deposited on the second side 112 of the first glass plate 11, and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 is deposited on the fourth side 132 of the second glass plate 13.

[0118] The structural parameters of the laminated glass in Examples 10-12 are shown in Table 4.

[0119] Table 4: Structural parameters of the laminated glass in Examples 10-12

[0120] Prepare laminated glass for Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-12, measure and calculate visible light transmittance, total solar transmittance, emissivity, visible light reflectance, direct solar transmittance, and visible light reflection color, and record the measurement results in Tables 5 and 6.

[0121] Visible light transmittance TL1: The visible light transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated according to standard ISO9050.

[0122] Visible light transmittance TL3: The visible light transmittance of a second glass panel with a low-transmittance heat insulation layer is measured and calculated according to standard ISO9050.

[0123] Direct solar transmittance (TE): The direct solar transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated according to standard ISO 9050.

[0124] Transmission index A: Calculated according to the formula A = TL1 / (TE × TL3).

[0125] Interior visible light reflectance RL4: The visible light reflectance of laminated glass is measured and calculated from the low-transparency insulation layer side according to standard ISO9050.

[0126] Visible light reflectance RL1 outside the vehicle: The visible light reflectance of the laminated glass is measured and calculated from the first side according to standard ISO9050.

[0127] Total Solar Transmittance (TTS): The total solar transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated according to standard ISO 9050.

[0128] Emissivity e: The emissivity of the laminated glass is measured and calculated from the low-transmittance insulation layer side using an emissivity meter.

[0129] Visible light reflection color Lab: Based on CIE1976, D65 light source, 10° field of view, the visible light reflection color of laminated glass is measured from one side of the first surface.

[0130] The measured results of the visible light transmittance TL1, visible light transmittance TL3, direct solar transmittance TE, and transmittance index A of the laminated glass are included in Table 5.

[0131] Table 5: Measurement results of laminated glass in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-12 (I)

[0132] The measurement results of total solar transmittance (TTS), emissivity (e), interior visible light reflectance (RL4), exterior visible light reflectance (RL1), and exterior visible light reflectance color are included in Table 6.

[0133] Table 6: Measurement results of laminated glass in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-12 (II)

[0134] Comparative Example 1 uses an ITO low-emissivity layer from related technologies. The total physical thickness of the ITO functional layer is greater than 100 nm. The visible light transmittance TL3 of the second glass plate with the ITO low-emissivity layer is ≥60%. In order to make the visible light transmittance TL1 of the final laminated glass ≤15%, expensive dark-colored thermoplastic polymer films, such as dark gray PVB, are usually selected. Furthermore, the transmittance index A of the laminated glass is less than 5, which makes the design freedom of the laminated glass 1 in Comparative Example 1 relatively low.

[0135] Compared with Comparative Example 1, Examples 1-12 employ a low-transmittance heat insulation layer including an absorption functional layer, enabling the laminated glass 1 to have a low visible light transmittance TL1, such as TL1≤8%, TL1≤6%, TL1≤4%, or TL1≤2%, even if transparent glass, transparent PVB, or light-colored glass is selected. This eliminates the need for dark-colored PVB film and dark-colored glass in related technologies, which helps to reduce the cost of laminated glass 1, as well as reduce the difficulty of glass forming process and improve glass forming quality.

[0136] Among them, Examples 1-12 employ an infrared reflective layer and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer to give the laminated glass 1 a higher transmittance index A, such as A≥20, or A≥40, or A≥60, or A≥80, or A≥100, which can better meet the comprehensive requirements of lower visible light transmittance TL1, lower emissivity e, lower total solar transmittance TTS, lower interior visible light reflectance RL4, and lower exterior visible light reflectance RL1, and improve the design freedom of the laminated glass 1.

[0137] In Examples 1-12, an infrared reflective layer and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer are used to give the laminated glass 1 a low total solar transmittance (TTS), such as TTS≤18%, or TTS≤16%, or TTS≤14%, or TTS≤12%, etc. This can reduce the transmission of heat radiation in sunlight, block heat, and obtain a larger interior height space and improve the thermal comfort of users without the need for a sunshade in the vehicle.

[0138] In Examples 1-12, an infrared reflective layer and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer are used. The ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 0.5-1.5, or 0.55-1.35, or 0.8-1.2, etc., so as to better obtain laminated glass 1 with excellent comprehensive performance such as visible light transmittance TL1, emissivity e, total solar transmittance TTS, visible light reflectance inside the vehicle RL4, visible light reflectance outside the vehicle RL1, and appearance color.

[0139] In Examples 1-12, a low-transmittance heat insulation layer including an absorption functional layer is used to give the laminated glass 1 a low emissivity e, such as e = 0.4-0.5, or e = 0.41-0.46, or e = 0.2-0.3, or e = 0.22-0.32, etc. The low-transmittance heat insulation layer does not include an ITO functional layer. The absorption functional layer with a total physical thickness of 20nm-40nm is used to replace the ITO functional layer with a total physical thickness of more than 100nm. This can effectively reduce the emissivity e of the interior side of the laminated glass 1. It can also achieve the effect of reducing visible light transmittance without the need to add additional visible light absorbing materials, and can further improve the magnetron sputtering efficiency, thereby improving the production efficiency of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20.

[0140] Among them, Examples 1-12 employ a low-transparency heat insulation layer including an absorption functional layer, which makes the laminated glass 1 have a low visible light reflectance RL4 inside the vehicle, such as RL4≤3%, or RL4≤3%, or RL4≤2%, or RL4≤1%, or RL4≤0.5%, etc., which reduces the visible light reflectance inside the vehicle, can reduce the reflection phenomenon inside the vehicle, avoid visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improve the visual comfort inside the vehicle.

[0141] Among them, embodiments 1-12 employ an infrared reflective layer including a metal functional layer, which enables the laminated glass 1 to have a low visible light reflectance RL1 outside the vehicle, such as RL1≤15%, or RL1≤14%, or RL1≤13%, or RL1≤12%, etc., which can reduce light pollution outside the vehicle and improve environmental friendliness to pedestrians or other vehicles outside the vehicle.

[0142] In embodiments 1-12, an infrared reflective layer including a metal functional layer is used to give the laminated glass 1 a visible light reflective color Lab value that is comfortable for the eyes, such as a≤0 and b≤0, or a≤0 and b≤-5, or a≤-1 and b≤-10, or a≤-2 and b≤-3, or a≤-2 and b≤-10, etc., so that the visible light reflective color of the laminated glass 1 is close to a neutral color or a visually comfortable color.

[0143] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings:

[0144] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0145] In this application, the terms "embodiment" and "implementation" mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of these phrases in various locations throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they independent or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand, explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that the features, structures, or characteristics described in the various embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined to form another embodiment that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this application, provided there is no contradiction between them.

[0146] The above description represents some embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that, The laminated glass includes a first glass plate, an infrared reflective layer, an adhesive layer, a second glass plate, and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer. The first glass plate has a first side and a second side, the second glass plate has a third side and a fourth side, the adhesive layer connects the second side and the third side, the infrared reflective layer is disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and the low-transmittance heat insulation layer is disposed on the fourth side. The low-transmittance heat insulation layer includes at least one absorption functional layer, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤15%, and the transmittance index A of the laminated glass is ≥10. Wherein, the transmittance index A = TL1 / (TE×TL3), TL1 is the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, TE is the direct solar transmittance of the laminated glass, and TL3 is the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate with the low-transmittance heat insulation layer.

2. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤10%, or ≤8%, or ≤5%, or ≤3%, or ≤1%.

3. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass is ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤13%, or ≤10%.

4. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The emissivity e of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the low-transparency insulation layer, is 0.36 ≤ e < 0.5, or 0.40 ≤ e ≤ 0.

48.

5. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The emissivity e of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the low-transparency insulation layer, is 0.15 ≤ e ≤ 0.35, or 0.2 ≤ e ≤ 0.

3.

6. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The interior visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the low-transparency heat insulation layer, is ≤5%, ≤3%, ≤2%, or ≤1%.

7. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass measured from the first side is ≤17%, or ≤15%, or ≤13%, or ≤10%.

8. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-transmittance heat insulation layer does not include a transparent conductive oxide layer. The material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), YZO (yttrium-doped zinc oxide), HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), WAZO (tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), or GZO (gallium-doped zinc oxide).

9. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second glass plate has a visible light transmittance TL2, and the second glass plate with the low-transmittance heat insulation layer has a visible light transmittance TL3, where TL2≥70% and TL3≤15%.

10. The laminated glass as described in claim 9, characterized in that, TL2 ≥ 80% or TL2 ≥ 90%, TL3 ≤ 10%.

11. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-permeability insulation layer includes at least two first dielectric layers and at least two absorption functional layers stacked together. Each absorption functional layer is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers. The material of the absorption functional layer is selected from at least one element selected from Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, Mg, as well as its elemental composition, alloy, oxide, nitride, or nitrogen oxide.

12. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The low-transmittance heat insulation layer also includes an outermost low-refractive-index layer, which is located furthest from the fourth surface, and the refractive index of the outermost low-refractive-index layer is less than or equal to 1.

7.

13. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The physical thickness of the low-permeability heat insulation layer is 150nm to 500nm, or 200nm to 400nm, or 220nm to 300nm.

14. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 15nm to 100nm, or 18nm to 80nm, or 20nm to 60nm.

15. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared reflective layer includes at least two stacked metal functional layers, the material of which is selected from metals or alloys of at least one element selected from Ag, Au, Cu, Al, and Pt.

16. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The transmittance index A of the laminated glass is ≥20, ≥50, ≥70, ≥90, or ≥100.

17. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The total physical thickness of the metal functional layer is 10nm to 50nm; the physical thickness of the infrared reflective layer is 70nm to 500nm.

18. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 0.5 to 1.6, or 0.8 to 1.5, or 0.9 to 1.

3.

19. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL4≥70%, or TL4≥80%, or TL4≥90%; (2) The first glass plate is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass; (3) The second glass plate is transparent glass, ultra-transparent glass, or light-colored glass; (4) The visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer is TL5≥70%, or TL5≥80%, or TL5≥85%; (5) The adhesive layer is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a light-colored thermoplastic polymer film.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a body and a laminated glass as described in any one of claims 1-19, the laminated glass being mounted on the body.

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