Picture-level mirroring and rotation
By applying cross-component down-sampling filters adjusted for picture-level rotations or mirroring, the method enhances chroma prediction accuracy and coding efficiency in video coding standards.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing video coding standards struggle with efficient prediction of chroma components from luma samples, particularly in scenarios involving picture-level rotations or mirroring, leading to suboptimal coding efficiency.
Implementing cross-component down-sampling filters that adjust their orientation and position based on picture-level rotations or mirroring, using methods like CCLM, MMLM, CCCM, GLM, and NoSubCCCM, to accurately predict chroma samples from luma samples.
Improves coding efficiency by aligning chroma sample prediction with picture transformations, reducing computational complexity and enhancing compression performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2026073162_23072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PICTURE-LEVEL MIRRORING AND ROTATIONCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application that claims the priority benefit of U. S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 747, 030, filed on 19 January 2025. Content of above-listed application is herein incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to video coding. In particular, the present disclosure relates to methods of coding pixel blocks by picture-level mirroring and rotation.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is an international video coding standard developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) . HEVC is based on the hybrid block-based motion-compensated DCT-like transform coding architecture. The basic unit for compression, termed coding unit (CU) , is a 2Nx2N square block of pixels, and each CU can be recursively split into four smaller CUs until the predefined minimum size is reached. Each CU contains one or multiple prediction units (PUs) .
[0005] Versatile video coding (VVC) is the latest international video coding standard developed by the Joint Video Expert Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG16 WP3 and ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11. The input video signal is predicted from the reconstructed signal, which is derived from the coded picture regions. The prediction residual signal is processed by a block transform. The transform coefficients are quantized and entropy coded together with other side information in the bitstream. The reconstructed signal is generated from the prediction signal and the reconstructed residual signal after inverse transform on the de-quantized transform coefficients. The reconstructed signal is further processed by in-loop filtering for removing coding artifacts. The decoded pictures are stored in the frame buffer for predicting the future pictures in the input video signal.
[0006] In VVC, a coded picture is partitioned into non-overlapped square block regions represented by the associated coding tree units (CTUs) . The leaf nodes of a coding tree correspond to the coding units (CUs) . A coded picture can be represented by a collection of slices, each comprising an integer number of CTUs. The individual CTUs in a slice are processed in raster-scan order. A bi-predictive (B) slice may be decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most two motion vectors (MVs) and reference indices to predict the sample values of each block. A predictive (P) slice is decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most one motion vector and reference index to predict the sample values of each block. An intra (I) slice is decoded using intra prediction only.
[0007] A CTU can be partitioned into one or multiple non-overlapped coding units (CUs) using the quadtree (QT) with nested multi-type-tree (MTT) structure to adapt to various local motion and texture characteristics.
[0008] Each CU contains one or more prediction units (PUs) . The prediction unit, together with the associated CU syntax, works as a basic unit for signaling the predictor information. The specified prediction process is employed to predict the values of the associated pixel samples inside the PU. Each CU may contain one or more transform units (TUs) for representing the prediction residual blocks. A transform unit (TU) is comprised of a transform block (TB) of luma samples and two corresponding transform blocks of chroma samples and each TB correspond to one residual block of samples from one color component. An integer transform is applied to a transform block. The level values of quantized coefficients together with other side information are entropy coded in the bitstream. The terms coding tree block (CTB) , coding block (CB) , prediction block (PB) , and transform block (TB) are defined to specify the 2-D sample array of one-color component associated with CTU, CU, PU, and TU, respectively. Thus, a CTU consists of one luma CTB, two chroma CTBs, and associated syntax elements. A similar relationship is valid for CU, PU, and TU.
[0009] For each inter-predicted CU, motion parameters consisting of motion vectors, reference picture indices and reference picture list usage index, and additional information are used for inter-predicted sample generation. The motion parameter can be signalled in an explicit or implicit manner. When a CU is coded with skip mode, the CU is associated with one PU and has no significant residual coefficients, no coded motion vector delta or reference picture index. A merge mode is specified whereby the motion parameters for the current CU are obtained from neighbouring CUs, including spatial and temporal candidates, and additional schedules introduced in VVC. The merge mode can be applied to any inter-predicted CU. The alternative to merge mode is the explicit transmission of motion parameters, where motion vector, corresponding reference picture index for each reference picture list and reference picture list usage flag and other needed information are signalled explicitly per each CU.SUMMARY
[0010] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select and not all implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0011] Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for applying cross-component down-sampling filter when the current picture is rotated or mirrored. A video coder receives data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video. The current picture is coded with picture-level rotation or mirroring. The video coder reconstructs luma samples of the current block. The video coder applies a down-sampling filter to the reconstructed luma samples to generate a set of down-sampled luma samples and applies a cross-component model to the set of down-sampled luma samples to generate a set of predicted chroma samples. An orientation or a position of the down-sampling filter is adjusted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring. For example: · When the current picture is horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position. · When the current picture is vertically mirrored, the down-sampling filter is not shifted or rotated if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 90° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 180° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 270° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 270° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 90° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is rotated 270° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.
[0012] In some embodiments, a syntax element is signaled (in e.g., SPS, PPS, PH, SH) to indicate whether the orientation or the position of the cross-component down-sampling filter is to be shifted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring of the current picture. In some embodiments, the video coder uses the syntax element to indicate a direction of the shift in position of the down-sampling filter rather than using the picture-level rotation or mirroring to determine the orientation and shifting of the cross-component down-sampling filter.
[0013] In some embodiments, the video coder receives data to be encoded or decoded as a current picture of a video, wherein the current picture is coded with picture-level rotation or mirroring. The video coder reconstructs samples of a first component of the current picture according to a first picture-level rotation or mirroring setting. The video coder reconstructs samples of a second component of the current picture according to a second, different picture-level rotation or mirroring setting. In some embodiments, the first component may be luma and the second component may be chroma. In some embodiments, the first and second components are different chroma components (Cr and Cb) .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 1 conceptually illustrates chroma and luma samples that are used for derivation of linear model parameters.
[0016] FIG. 2 shows an example of classifying the neighbouring samples into two groups for MMLM.
[0017] FIG. 3 conceptually illustrates the spatial components of a convolutional filter.
[0018] FIG. 4, which shows six neighboring non-downsampled luma samples and one down-sampled chroma sample.
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates gradient filters enabled for Gradient Linear Model (GLM) .
[0020] FIGS. 6A-6H illustrates the shifting of a 3x2 down-sampling filter due to picture-level mirroring or rotating for cross-component prediction.
[0021] FIGS. 7A-7H illustrates the shifting of a 3x3 down-sampling filter due to picture-level mirroring or rotating for cross-component prediction.
[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates an example video encoder that may implement cross-component prediction and picture-level mirroring / rotation.
[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates portions of the video encoder that implement cross-component down-sampling filter based on picture-level mirroring or rotation.
[0024] FIG. 10 conceptually illustrates an encoding process that perform cross-component down-sampling filtering based on picture-level mirroring or rotation.
[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates an example video decoder that may implement cross-component prediction and picture-level mirroring / rotation.
[0026] FIG. 12 illustrates portions of the video decoder that implement cross-component down-sampling filter based on picture-level mirroring or rotation.
[0027] FIG. 13 conceptually illustrates a decoding process that perform cross-component down-sampling filtering based on picture-level mirroring or rotation.
[0028] FIG. 14 conceptually illustrates an electronic system with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. Any variations, derivatives and / or extensions based on teachings described herein are within the protective scope of the present disclosure. In some instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and / or circuitry pertaining to one or more example implementations disclosed herein may be described at a relatively high level without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of teachings of the present disclosure. I. Cross-Component Prediction
[0030] A. Cross Component Linear Model (CCLM)
[0031] Cross Component Linear Model (CCLM) or Linear Model (LM) mode is a cross-component prediction mode in which chroma components of a block is predicted from the collocated reconstructed luma samples by linear models. The parameters (e.g., scale and offset) of the linear model are derived from already reconstructed luma and chroma samples that are adjacent to the block. For example, in VVC, the CCLM mode makes use of inter-channel dependencies to predict the chroma samples from reconstructed luma samples. This prediction is carried out using a linear model in the form of: P(i, j) =α·rec′L (i, j) +β (1)
[0032] P (i, j) in eq. (1) represents the predicted chroma samples in a CU (or the predicted chroma samples of the current CU) and rec′L (i, j) represents the down-sampled reconstructed luma samples of the same CU (or the corresponding reconstructed luma samples of the current CU) .
[0033] The CCLM model parameters α (scaling parameter) and β (offset parameter) are derived based on at most four neighboring chroma samples and their corresponding down-sampled luma samples. In LM_A mode (also denoted as LM-T mode) , only the above or top-neighboring template is used to calculate the linear model coefficients. In LM_L mode (also denoted as LM-L mode) , only left template is used to calculate the linear model coefficients. In LM-LA mode (also denoted as LM-LT mode) , both left and above templates are used to calculate the linear model coefficients.
[0034] FIG. 1 conceptually illustrates chroma and luma samples that are used for derivation of linear model parameters. The figure illustrates a current block 100 having luma component samples and chroma component samples in 4: 2: 0 format. The luma and chroma samples neighboring the current block are reconstructed samples. These reconstructed samples are used to derive the cross-component linear model (parameters α and β) . Since the current block is in 4: 2: 0 format, the luma samples are down-sampled first before being used for linear model derivation. In the example, there are 16 pairs of reconstructed luma (down-sampled) and chroma samples neighboring the current block. These 16 pairs of luma versus chroma values are used to derive the linear model parameters.
[0035] To match the chroma sample locations for 4: 2: 0 video sequences, two types of down-sampling filters are applied to luma samples to achieve 2 to 1 down-sampling ratio in both horizontal and vertical directions. The selection of down-sampling filter is specified by a sequence parameter set (SPS) level flag. The two down-sampling filters are as follows, which correspond to “type-0” and “type-2” content, respectively.
[0036] Note that only one luma line (general line buffer in intra prediction) is used to make the down-sampled luma samples when the upper reference line is at the CTU boundary. This parameter computation is performed as part of the decoding process, and is not just as an encoder search operation. As a result, no syntax is used to convey the α and β values to the decoder.
[0037] B. Multi-Model CCLM (MMLM)
[0038] Multiple model CCLM mode (MMLM) uses two models for predicting the chroma samples from the luma samples for the whole CU. In MMLM, neighbouring luma samples and neighbouring chroma samples of the current block are classified into two or more groups, each group is used as a training set to derive a linear model (i.e., a particular α and β are derived for a particular group) . FIG. 2 shows an example of classifying the neighbouring samples into two groups for MMLM. Furthermore, the samples of the current luma block are also classified based on the same rule for the classification of neighbouring luma samples. Predc [x, y] = α1×RecˊL [x, y] + β1 if Rec′L [x, y] ≤ Threshold Predc [x, y] = α2×RecˊL [x, y] + β2 if Rec′L [x, y] > Threshold
[0039] C. Convolutional Cross-Component Model (CCCM)
[0040] A convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) may be applied to improve the cross-component prediction performance. For some embodiment, the convolutional model has 7-tap filter having a 5-tap plus sign shape spatial component, a non-linear term and a bias term. The input to the spatial 5-tap component of the filter includes a center (C) luma sample (which is collocated with the chroma sample to be predicted) and the center luma sample’s above / north (N) , below / south (S), left / west (W) and right / east (E) neighbors. FIG. 3 conceptually illustrates the spatial components of a convolutional filter. The nonlinear term (denoted as P) is represented as power of two of the center luma sample C and scaled to the sample value range of the content: P = (C*C + midVal ) >> bitDepth
[0041] Thus, for 10-bit content the non-linear term P is calculated as: P = (C*C + 512 ) >> 10
[0042] The bias term (denoted as B) represents a scalar offset between the input and output (similarly to the offset term in CCLM) and is set to middle chroma value (512 for 10-bit content) . Output of the filter is calculated as a convolution between the filter coefficients ci and the input values and clipped to the range of valid chroma samples: predChromaVal = c0C + c1N + c2S + c3E + c4W + c5P + c6B
[0043] D. CCCM using Non-Downsampled Luma Samples (NoSubCCCM)
[0044] In some embodiments, CCCM mode with 3x2 filter using non-downsampled luma samples (NoSubCCCM) is used. NoSubCCCM uses 6-tap spatial terms, four nonlinear terms and a bias term. The 6-tap spatial terms correspond to 6 neighboring luma samples (i.e., L0, L1, …, L5) around the chroma sample (i.e., C) to be predicted. FIG. 4, which shows the six neighboring non-downsampled luma samples L0, L1, …, L5 and the down-sampled chroma sample. The four non-linear terms are derived from the samples L0, L1, L2, and L3 according to:
[0045] where αi is the coefficient, β is the offset. In some embodiments, NoSubCCCM is signaled as an additional CCCM model.
[0046] E. Gradient Linear Model (GLM)
[0047] For YUV 4: 2: 0 color format, a gradient linear model (GLM) method can be used to predict the chroma samples from luma sample gradients. Two modes are supported: a two-parameter GLM mode and a three-parameter GLM mode.
[0048] Compared with the CCLM, instead of down-sampled luma values, the two-parameter GLM utilizes luma sample gradients to derive the linear model. Specifically, when the two-parameter GLM is applied, the input to the CCLM process, i.e., the down-sampled luma samples L, are replaced by luma sample gradients G. C = α·G + β
[0049] The other parts of the CCLM (e.g., parameter derivation, prediction sample linear transform) are kept unchanged. In the three-parameter GLM, a chroma sample can be predicted based on both the luma sample gradients and down-sampled luma values with different parameters: C = α0·G + α1·L + α2·β
[0050] The model parameters of the three-parameter GLM are derived from 6 rows and columns adjacent samples by the LDL decomposition based MSE minimization method as used in the CCCM.
[0051] For signaling, when the CCLM mode is enabled to the current CU, one flag is signaled to indicate whether GLM is enabled for both Cb and Cr components; if the GLM is enabled, another flag is signaled to indicate which of the two GLM modes is selected and one syntax element is further signaled to select one of 4 gradient filters for the gradient calculation. FIG. 5 illustrates gradient filters enabled for Gradient Linear Model (GLM) , specifically, the figure illustrates four Sobel based gradient patterns 501-504 for GLM. II. Picture-Level Mirroring and Rotation
[0052] Research indicates that it can be beneficial, in terms of coding efficiency, to rotate or mirror the input frame before encoding. Following modification could be applied to the input frame: · vertical mirroring · horizontal mirroring · rotation by 90 degrees · rotation by 90 degrees and horizontal mirroring · rotation by 180 degrees · rotation by 270 degrees · rotation by 270 degrees and horizontal mirroring.
[0053] A. Component-level Mirroring and Rotation
[0054] In some embodiments, the luma component of a picture and the chroma components of a picture may have different picture-level mirroring and rotation settings. For one example, the luma component may be vertical-mirrored, and the chroma components may be rotated by 90 degrees. For another example, the luma component is rotated by 90 degrees, and the chroma components are rotated by 180 degrees. For another example, the luma component is vertical mirrored, and the chroma components are not modified. In some embodiments, the two chroma components of a picture may have different picture-level mirroring and rotation settings.
[0055] In some embodiments, one flag may be signaled in SPS, PPS, PH or SH to indicate whether the picture-level mirroring and rotation method is used or not. If the flag is true, one syntax may be further signaled in SPS, PPS, PH or SH to indicate which type of mirroring or rotation method is applied to the luma component of the picture, and another syntax could be further signaled in SPS, PPS, PH or SH to indicate which kind of mirroring or rotation method is applied to the chroma components of the picture.
[0056] For some embodiments, cross-component down-sampling filtering refers to (1) applying a down-sampling filter to the luma reconstructed samples recL to obtain the down-sampled luma reconstructed samples with the same size as chroma, and (2) using the down-sampled luma reconstructed samples as the input to cross-component prediction models. In some embodiments, if a picture-level mirroring and rotation method is applied, the cross-component down-sampling filtering is adjusted accordingly. This is because the positions of the chroma samples relative to the luma samples are shifted by the picture-level mirroring and rotation. For example, the position where the cross-component down-sampling filtering is applied may be right shifted by one, the position where the cross-component down-sampling filtering is applied may be moved down by one, the cross-component down-sampling filter could be rotated by 90 degrees clockwise, or the cross-component down-sampling filter could be rotated by 270 degrees clockwise.
[0057] FIGS. 6A-6H illustrates the adjusting of a 3*2 down-sampling filter due to picture-level mirroring or rotating for cross-component prediction. FIG. 6A shows the default luma positions and default chroma positions without picture-level mirroring or rotating. FIG. 6B-6H show the luma and chroma positions for horizontal mirror, vertical mirror, rotate 90°, rotate 180°, rotate 270°, rotate 90°+horizontal mirror, and rotate 270°+horizontal mirror, respectively. FIGS. 6A-6H also illustrate the position of a 3*2 down-sampling filter that encompasses luma positions 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, and 21, which are shifted or rotated based on the picture-level mirroring and rotating.
[0058] FIGS. 7A-7H illustrates the adjusting of a 3*3 down-sampling filter in a diamond shape due to picture-level mirroring or rotating for cross-component prediction. FIG. 7A shows the default luma positions without picture-level mirroring or rotating. FIG. 7B-7H show the luma positions for horizontal mirror, vertical mirror, rotate 90°, rotate 180°, rotate 270°, rotate 90°+horizontal mirror, and rotate 270°+horizontal mirror, respectively. FIGS. 7A-7H also illustrate the position of 3*3 down-sampling filter in a diamond shape that encompasses luma sample positions 8, 13, 14, 15, and 20, which are shifted or rotated based on the picture-level mirroring and rotating. (The down-sampled luma positions / chroma positions are not shown. )
[0059] In some embodiments, if the picture is horizontally mirrored, the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied may be right shifted by one. For example, if the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*2 filter as the Eq. (2) , the luma reconstructed samples recL (i, j) are adjusted (as shown in FIG. 6B) according to the following: If the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*3 diamond shape filter as Eq. (3) , the luma reconstructed samples recL may be adjusted (as shown in FIG. 7B) according to the following:
[0060] In some embodiments, if the picture is vertically mirrored, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*2 filter as Eq. (2) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied does not need to be adjusted, as shown in FIG. 6C.
[0061] In some embodiments, if the picture is vertically mirrored, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*3 diamond shape filter as Eq. (3) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied could be moved down by one as shown FIG. 7C. For example, the 3*3 diamond shape filter could be adjusted according to the following:
[0062] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*2 filter as the Eq. (2) , the cross-component down-sampling filter could also be rotated by 90 degrees clockwise. For example, the filter may be rotated to a 2*3 filter as shown in the following (and shown in FIG. 6D) :
[0063] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*3 diamond shape filter as Eq. (3) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied could be right shifted by one as shown in FIG. 7D. For example, the 3*3 diamond shape filter could be adjusted to the following:
[0064] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*2 filter as the Eq.(2) , the cross-component down-sampling filter could also be rotated by 90 degrees clockwise as shown in FIG. 6G. For example, the filter could be rotated to a 2*3 filter as shown in the following:
[0065] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 90 degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*3 diamond shape filter as the Eq. (3) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied does not need to be adjusted, as shown in FIG. 7G.
[0066] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 180 degrees clockwise, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*2 filter as the Eq. (2) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied could be right shifted by one, as shown in FIG. 6E. In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 180 degrees clockwise, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*3 diamond shape filter as the Eq. (3) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied could be right shifted by one and then moved down by one as shown in FIG. 7E. For example, the 3*3 diamond shape filter could be adjusted to the following formula.
[0067] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 270 degrees clockwise, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*2 filter as the Eq. (2) , the cross-component down-sampling filter could also be rotated by 90 degrees clockwise and then moved down by one, as shown in FIG. 6F. For example, the filter could be rotated to a 2*3 filter as shown in the following:
[0068] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 270 degrees clockwise, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*3 diamond shape filter as the Eq. (3) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied could be moved down by one as shown in FIG. 7F.
[0069] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 270 degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*2 filter as the Eq.(2) , the cross-component down-sampling filter could also be rotated by 90 degrees clockwise and then moved down by one, as shown in FIG. 6H. For example, the filter may be rotated to a 2*3 filter as shown in the following:
[0070] In some embodiments, if the picture is rotated by 270 degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, and the original cross-component down-sampling filter is a 3*3 diamond shape filter as the Eq. (3) , the position where the cross-component down-sampling filter is applied could be right shifted by one and then moved down by one, as shown in FIG. 7H.
[0071] In some embodiments, the cross-component down-sampling filter adjustment methods mentioned above may also be applied to the gradient down-sampling filter used in GLM mode. In some embodiments, the cross-component down-sampling filter adjustment methods mentioned above could also be applied to the filter kernel of the NoSubCCCM mode.
[0072] In some embodiments, the cross-component down-sampling filter adjustment could not depend on the picture-level mirroring and rotation. There could be a flag or syntax signaled in the SPS, PPS, PH, or SH to indicate which cross-component down-sampling filter adjustment method is used for the current picture. For example, if the syntax is equal to the first value, the cross-component down-sampling filter is right shifted by one. If the syntax is equal to the second value, the cross-component down-sampling filter is moved down by one. If the syntax is equal to the third value, the cross-component down-sampling filter is right shifted by one and then moved down by one.
[0073] Any of the foregoing proposed methods can be implemented in encoders and / or decoders. For example, any of the proposed methods can be implemented in an inter / intra / prediction module of an encoder, and / or an inter / intra / prediction module of a decoder. Alternatively, any of the proposed methods can be implemented as a circuit coupled to the inter / intra / prediction module of the encoder and / or the inter / intra / prediction module of the decoder, so as to provide the information needed by the inter / intra / prediction module. III. Example Video Encoder
[0074] FIG. 8 illustrates an example video encoder 800 that may implement cross-component prediction and picture-level mirroring / rotation. As illustrated, the video encoder 800 receives input video signal from a video source 805 and encodes the signal into bitstream 895. The video encoder 800 has several components or modules for encoding the signal from the video source 805, at least including some components selected from a transform module 810, a quantization module 811, an inverse quantization module 814, an inverse transform module 815, an intra estimation module 824, an intra prediction module 825, a motion compensation module 830, a motion estimation module 835, an in-loop filter 845, a reconstructed picture buffer 850, a MV buffer 865, and a MV prediction module 875, and an entropy encoder 890. The motion compensation module 830 and the motion estimation module 835 are part of an inter-prediction module 840. The intra-prediction module 825 and the intra-estimation module 824 are part of a current picture prediction module 820, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0075] In some embodiments, the modules 810 –890 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device or electronic apparatus. In some embodiments, the modules 810 –890 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more integrated circuits (ICs) of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 810 –890 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0076] The video source 805 provides a raw video signal that presents pixel data of each video frame without compression. A subtractor 808 computes the difference between the raw pixel data 802 of the video source 805 and the predicted pixel data 813 from the inter-prediction module 840 or the current picture prediction module 820 as prediction residual 809. The transform module 810 converts the difference (or the residual pixel data or residual signal 809) into transform coefficients (e.g., by performing Discrete Cosine Transform, or DCT) . The quantization module 811 quantizes the transform coefficients into quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 812, which is encoded into the bitstream 895 by the entropy encoder 890.
[0077] The inverse quantization module 814 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 812 to obtain transform coefficients 818, and the inverse transform module 815 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 818 to produce reconstructed residual 819. The reconstructed residual 819 is added with the predicted pixel data 813 to produce reconstructed pixel data 817. In some embodiments, the reconstructed pixel data 817 is temporarily stored in a line buffer 827 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction. The reconstructed pixels are filtered by the in-loop filter 845 and stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 850. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 850 is a storage external to the video encoder 800. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 850 is a storage internal to the video encoder 800.
[0078] The intra estimation module 824 derives intra-prediction data (e.g., intra prediction modes) based on the reconstructed pixel data 817 (stored in the line buffer 827) . The intra-prediction data is provided to the entropy encoder 890 to be encoded into bitstream 895. The intra-prediction data is also used by the intra-prediction module 825 to produce the predicted pixel data 813.
[0079] The motion estimation module 835 performs inter-prediction by producing MVs to reference pixel data of previously decoded frames stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 850. These MVs are provided to the motion compensation module 830 to produce predicted pixel data.
[0080] Instead of encoding the complete actual MVs in the bitstream, the video encoder 800 uses MV prediction to generate predicted MVs, and the difference between the MVs used for motion compensation and the predicted MVs is encoded as residual motion data and stored in the bitstream 895.
[0081] The MV prediction module 875 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for encoding previously video frames, i.e., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 875 retrieves reference MVs from previous video frames from the MV buffer 865. The video encoder 800 stores the MVs generated for the current video frame in the MV buffer 865 as reference MVs for generating predicted MVs.
[0082] The MV prediction module 875 uses the reference MVs to create the predicted MVs. The predicted MVs can be computed by spatial MV prediction or temporal MV prediction. The difference between the predicted MVs and the motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) of the current frame (residual motion data) are encoded into the bitstream 895 by the entropy encoder 890.
[0083] The entropy encoder 890 encodes various parameters and data into the bitstream 895 by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman encoding. The entropy encoder 890 encodes various header elements, flags, along with the quantized transform coefficients 812, and the residual motion data as syntax elements into the bitstream 895. The bitstream 895 is in turn stored in a storage device or transmitted to a decoder over a communications medium such as a network.
[0084] The in-loop filter 845 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the reconstructed pixel data 817 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 845 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) . In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters.
[0085] FIG. 9 illustrates portions of the video encoder 800 that implement cross-component down-sampling filter based on picture-level mirroring or rotation. As illustrated, prediction modules, such as the current picture prediction module 820 and / or the inter-prediction module 840 may use the content of the reconstructed picture buffer 850 and / or the line buffer 827 to generate predicted luma samples 913 (i.e., the luma component of the predicted pixel data 813) . The predicted luma samples 913 are combined with luma residual 919 (i.e., the luma component of the reconstructed residual 819) to form reconstructed luma samples 917 (i.e., the luma portion of the reconstructed pixel data 817) .
[0086] A down-sampling filter 910 is applied to the reconstructed luma samples 917 to generate down-sampled reconstructed luma samples. A cross-component model 930 is applied to the down-sampled reconstructed luma samples to generate predicted chroma samples 923 (i.e., the chroma component of the predicted pixel data 813) . In some embodiments, the down-sampling filter 910 and the cross-component model 930 may be jointly referred to as a cross-component down-sampling filter 940. ) The down-sampling filter 910 may be a rectangular 3*2 filter or a diamond shaped 3*3 filter. The down-sampling filter 910 may be shifted and / or rotated according to picture-level mirror / rotate settings 920 to encompass the correct sets of luma samples for generating the predicted chroma samples 923. The shifting / rotating of the down-sampling filter based on picture-level mirror / rotate settings is further described in Section II by reference to FIGS. 6A-6H and FIGS. 7A-7H. In some embodiments, the shifting / rotating of the down-sampling filter 910 is directly controlled by the entropy encoder 890 and signaled as syntax elements in the bitstream, rather than be determined based on the picture-level mirroring / rotation settings 920. In some other embodiments, the different components (luma and chroma) of the current picture may have different picture-level mirroring / rotation settings.
[0087] The predicted chroma samples 923 are subtracted from the chroma component of the raw pixel data 802 from the video source 805 to generate the chroma component of the prediction residual 809 to be transformed by the transform module 810 and encoded in the bitstream 895. The predicted chroma samples 923 are also combined with chroma residual 929 (i.e., the chroma component of the reconstructed residual 819) to become the reconstructed chroma samples 927. The reconstructed chroma samples 927 and the reconstructed luma samples are components of the reconstructed pixel data 817 to be stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 850.
[0088] FIG. 10 conceptually illustrates a process 1000 that performs down-sampling filtering based on picture-level mirroring or rotation for cross-component prediction. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the encoder 800 performs the process 1000 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the encoder 800 performs the process 1000.
[0089] The encoder receives (at block 1010) raw pixel data to be encoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video into a bitstream, the raw pixel data of the current picture being picture-level rotated or mirrored. The encoder reconstructs (at block 1020) luma samples of the current block.
[0090] The encoder applies (at block 1030) a down-sampling filter to the reconstructed luma samples to generate a set of down-sampled luma samples, by adjusting the orientation and / or the position of the down-sampling filter based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring. For example: · When the current picture is horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position. · When the current picture is vertically mirrored, the down-sampling filter is not shifted or rotated if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 90° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 180° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 270° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 270° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 90° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is rotated 270° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.
[0091] In some embodiments, a syntax element is signaled (in e.g., SPS, PPS, PH, SH) to indicate whether the orientation or the position of the down-sampling filter is to be shifted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring of the current picture. In some embodiments, the encoder uses the syntax element to indicate a direction of the shift in position of the down-sampling filter rather than using the picture-level rotation or mirroring to determine the orientation and shifting of the down-sampling filter.
[0092] The encoder applies (at block 1035) a cross-component filter to the down-sampled luma samples to generate a set of predicted chroma samples. The encoder encodes (at block 1040) the current block based on the set of predicted chroma samples to produce chroma prediction residuals. IV. Example Video Decoder
[0093] In some embodiments, an encoder may signal (or generate) one or more syntax element in a bitstream, such that a decoder may parse said one or more syntax element from the bitstream.
[0094] FIG. 11 illustrates an example video decoder 1100 that may implement cross-component prediction and picture-level mirroring / rotation. As illustrated, the video decoder 1100 is an image-decoding or video-decoding circuit that receives a bitstream 1195 and decodes the content of the bitstream into pixel data of video frames for display. The video decoder 1100 has several components or modules for decoding the bitstream 1195, including some components selected from an inverse quantization module 1114, an inverse transform module 1115, an intra-prediction module 1125, a motion compensation module 1130, an in-loop filter 1145, a decoded picture buffer 1150, a MV buffer 1165, a MV prediction module 1175, and a parser 1190. The motion compensation module 1130 is part of an inter-prediction module 1140. The intra-prediction module 1125 is part of a current picture prediction module 1120, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0095] In some embodiments, the modules 1114 –1190 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device. In some embodiments, the modules 1114 –1190 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more ICs of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 1114 –1190 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0096] The parser 1190 (or entropy decoder) receives the bitstream 1195 and performs initial parsing according to the syntax defined by a video-coding or image-coding standard. The parsed syntax element includes various header elements, flags, as well as quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1112. The parser 1190 parses out the various syntax elements by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman encoding.
[0097] The inverse quantization module 1114 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1112 to obtain transform coefficients, and the inverse transform module 1115 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 1118 to produce reconstructed residual signal 1119. The reconstructed residual signal 1119 is added with predicted pixel data 1113 from the intra-prediction module 1125 or the motion compensation module 1130 to produce decoded pixel data 1117. The decoded pixels data are filtered by the in-loop filter 1145 and stored in the decoded picture buffer 1150. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 1150 is a storage external to the video decoder 1100. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 1150 is a storage internal to the video decoder 1100.
[0098] The intra-prediction module 1125 receives intra-prediction data from bitstream 1195 and according to which, produces the predicted pixel data 1113 from the decoded pixel data 1117 stored in the decoded picture buffer 1150. In some embodiments, the decoded pixel data 1117 is also stored in a line buffer 1127 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction.
[0099] In some embodiments, the content of the decoded picture buffer 1150 is used for display. A display device 1105 either retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer 1150 for display directly, or retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer to a display buffer. In some embodiments, the display device receives pixel values from the decoded picture buffer 1150 through a pixel transport.
[0100] The motion compensation module 1130 produces predicted pixel data 1113 from the decoded pixel data 1117 stored in the decoded picture buffer 1150 according to motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) . These motion compensation MVs are decoded by adding the residual motion data received from the bitstream 1195 with predicted MVs received from the MV prediction module 1175.
[0101] The MV prediction module 1175 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for decoding previous video frames, e.g., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 1175 retrieves the reference MVs of previous video frames from the MV buffer 1165. The video decoder 1100 stores the motion compensation MVs generated for decoding the current video frame in the MV buffer 1165 as reference MVs for producing predicted MVs.
[0102] The in-loop filter 1145 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the decoded pixel data 1117 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 1145 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) . In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters.
[0103] FIG. 12 illustrates portions of the video decoder 1100 that implement down-sampling filter based on picture-level mirroring or rotation for cross-component prediction. As illustrated, prediction modules, such as the current picture prediction module 1120 and / or the inter-prediction module 1140 may use the content of the decoded picture buffer 1150 and / or the line buffer 1127 to generate predicted luma samples 1213 (i.e., the luma component of the predicted pixel data 1113) . The predicted luma samples 1213 are combined with luma residual 1219 (i.e., the luma component of the reconstructed residual 1119) to form reconstructed luma samples 1217 (i.e., the luma portion of the reconstructed pixel data 1117) .
[0104] A down-sampling filter 1210 is applied to the reconstructed luma samples 1217 to generate down-sampled reconstructed luma samples. A cross-component model 1230 is applied to the down-sampled reconstructed luma samples to generate predicted chroma samples 1223 (i.e., the chroma component of the predicted pixel data 1113) . (In some embodiments, the down-sampling filter 1210 and the cross-component model 1230 may be jointly referred to as a cross-component down-sampling filter 1240. ) The down-sampling filter 1210 may be a rectangular 3*2 filter or a diamond shaped 3*3 filter. The down-sampling filter 1210 may be shifted and / or rotated according to picture-level mirror / rotate settings 1220 to encompass the correct sets of luma samples for generating the predicted chroma samples 1223. The shifting / rotating of the down-sampling filter based on picture-level mirror / rotate settings is further described in Section II by reference to FIGS. 6A-6H and FIGS. 7A-7H. In some embodiments, the shifting / rotating of the down-sampling filter 1210 is controlled by the entropy decoder 1190, which parses bitstream for relevant syntax elements signaled thereof, rather than be determined based on the picture-level mirroring / rotation settings 1220. In some other embodiments, the different components (luma and chroma) of the current picture may have different picture-level mirroring / rotation settings.
[0105] The predicted chroma samples 1223 generated by the down-sampling filter 1210 are combined with chroma residual 1229 (i.e., the chroma component of the reconstructed residual 1119) to become the reconstructed chroma samples 1227. The reconstructed chroma samples 1227 and the reconstructed luma samples are components of the reconstructed pixel data 1117 to be stored in the decoded picture buffer 1150.
[0106] FIG. 13 conceptually illustrates a process 1300 that perform down-sampling filtering based on picture-level mirroring or rotation. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the decoder 1100 performs the process 1300 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the decoder 1100 performs the process 1300.
[0107] The decoder receives (at block 1310) data to be decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video into a bitstream. The current picture is coded with picture-level rotation or mirroring. The decoder reconstructs (at block 1320) luma samples of the current block.
[0108] The decoder applies (at block 1330) a down-sampling filter to the reconstructed luma samples to generate a set of down-sampled luma samples, by shifting the orientation and / or the position of the down-sampling filter based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring. For example: · When the current picture is horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position (for both 3*2 filter and 3*3 filter) . · When the current picture is vertically mirrored, the down-sampling filter is not shifted or rotated if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 90° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 180° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 270° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 270° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape. · When the current picture is rotated by 90° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is rotated 270° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.
[0109] In some embodiments, a syntax element is signaled (in e.g., SPS, PPS, PH, SH) in the bitstream to indicate whether the orientation or the position of the down-sampling filter is to be shifted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring of the current picture. In some embodiments, the decoder uses the syntax element to determine a direction of the shift in position of the down-sampling filter rather than using the picture-level rotation or mirroring to determine the orientation and shifting of the down-sampling filter.
[0110] The decoder applies (at block 1335) a cross-component filter to the down-sampled luma samples to generate a set of predicted chroma samples. The decoder reconstructs (at block 1340) the current block based on the set of predicted chroma samples (and a set of chroma prediction residuals. ) The decoder may then provide the reconstructed current block for display or output as part of the reconstructed current picture. V. Example Electronic System
[0111] Many of the above-described features and applications are implemented as software processes that are specified as a set of instructions recorded on a computer readable storage medium (also referred to as computer readable medium) . When these instructions are executed by one or more computational or processing unit (s) (e.g., one or more processors, cores of processors, or other processing units) , they cause the processing unit (s) to perform the actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, random-access memory (RAM) chips, hard drives, erasable programmable read only memories (EPROMs) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) , etc. The computer readable media does not include carrier waves and electronic signals passing wirelessly or over wired connections.
[0112] In this specification, the term “software” is meant to include firmware residing in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storage which can be read into memory for processing by a processor. Also, in some embodiments, multiple software inventions can be implemented as sub-parts of a larger program while remaining distinct software inventions. In some embodiments, multiple software inventions can also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combination of separate programs that together implement a software invention described here is within the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the software programs, when installed to operate on one or more electronic systems, define one or more specific machine implementations that execute and perform the operations of the software programs.
[0113] FIG. 14 conceptually illustrates an electronic system 1400 with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented. The electronic system 1400 may be a computer (e.g., a desktop computer, personal computer, tablet computer, etc. ) , phone, PDA, or any other sort of electronic device. Such an electronic system includes various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. Electronic system 1400 includes a bus 1405, processing unit (s) 1410, a graphics-processing unit (GPU) 1415, a system memory 1420, a network 1425, a read-only memory 1430, a permanent storage device 1435, input devices 1440, and output devices 1445.
[0114] The bus 1405 collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of the electronic system 1400. For instance, the bus 1405 communicatively connects the processing unit (s) 1410 with the GPU 1415, the read-only memory 1430, the system memory 1420, and the permanent storage device 1435.
[0115] From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 1410 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the present disclosure. The processing unit (s) may be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different embodiments. Some instructions are passed to and executed by the GPU 1415. The GPU 1415 can offload various computations or complement the image processing provided by the processing unit (s) 1410.
[0116] The read-only-memory (ROM) 1430 stores static data and instructions that are used by the processing unit (s) 1410 and other modules of the electronic system. The permanent storage device 1435, on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the electronic system 1400 is off. Some embodiments of the present disclosure use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 1435.
[0117] Other embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash memory device, etc., and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device. Like the permanent storage device 1435, the system memory 1420 is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device 1435, the system memory 1420 is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. The system memory 1420 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor uses at runtime. In some embodiments, processes in accordance with the present disclosure are stored in the system memory 1420, the permanent storage device 1435, and / or the read-only memory 1430. For example, the various memory units include instructions for processing multimedia clips in accordance with some embodiments. From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 1410 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some embodiments.
[0118] The bus 1405 also connects to the input and output devices 1440 and 1445. The input devices 1440 enable the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. The input devices 1440 include alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices” ) , cameras (e.g., webcams) , microphones or similar devices for receiving voice commands, etc. The output devices 1445 display images generated by the electronic system or otherwise output data. The output devices 1445 include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD) , as well as speakers or similar audio output devices. Some embodiments include devices such as a touchscreen that function as both input and output devices.
[0119] Finally, as shown in FIG. 14, bus 1405 also couples electronic system 1400 to a network 1425 through a network adapter (not shown) . In this manner, the computer can be a part of a network of computers (such as a local area network ( “LAN” ) , a wide area network ( “WAN” ) , or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system 1400 may be used in conjunction with the present disclosure.
[0120] Some embodiments include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (alternatively referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media) . Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM) , recordable compact discs (CD-R) , rewritable compact discs (CD-RW) , read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM) , a variety of recordable / rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc. ) , flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc. ) , magnetic and / or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable discs, ultra-density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media may store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter.
[0121] While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, many of the above-described features and applications are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) . In some embodiments, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself. In addition, some embodiments execute software stored in programmable logic devices (PLDs) , ROM, or RAM devices.
[0122] As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer” , “server” , “processor” , and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium, ” “computer readable media, ” and “machine readable medium” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals.
[0123] While the present disclosure has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present disclosure can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, a number of the figures (including FIG. 10 and FIG. 13) conceptually illustrate processes. The specific operations of these processes may not be performed in the exact order shown and described. The specific operations may not be performed in one continuous series of operations, and different specific operations may be performed in different embodiments. Furthermore, the process could be implemented using several sub-processes, or as part of a larger macro process. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the present disclosure is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims. Additional Notes
[0124] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated"such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with"each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected", or "operably coupled", to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable", to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0125] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0126] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one"and "one or more"to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a"or "an"limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more"or "at least one"and indefinite articles such as "a"or "an, "e.g., “a”and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, "without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
[0127] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A video coding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, wherein the current picture is coded with picture-level rotation or mirroring;reconstructing luma samples of the current block;applying a down-sampling filter to the reconstructed luma samples to generate a set of down-sampled luma samples, wherein an orientation or a position of the down-sampling filter is adjusted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring;applying a cross-component model to the set of down-sampled luma samples to generate a set of predicted chroma samples; andencoding or decoding the current block based on the set of predicted chroma samples.2.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein a syntax element is signaled to indicate whether the orientation or the position of the down-sampling filter is to be shifted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring of the current picture.3.The video coding method of claim 2, wherein the syntax element further indicates a direction of the shift in position of the down-sampling filter.4.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein when the current picture is horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position.5.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein when the current picture is vertically mirrored, the down-sampling filter is not shifted or rotated if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.6.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein when the current picture is rotated by 90° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.7.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein when the current picture is rotated by 180° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.8.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein when the current picture is rotated by 270° clockwise, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.9.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein when the current picture is rotated by 270° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and rotated 90° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted right by one pixel position and shifted down by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.10.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein when the current picture is rotated by 90° degrees clockwise and horizontally mirrored, the down-sampling filter is rotated 270° clockwise if the down-sampling filter encompasses 3x2 luma samples, the down-sampling filter is shifted down by one pixel position and shifted right by one pixel position if the down-sampling filter encompasses 5 luma samples in 3x3 diamond shape.11.An electronic apparatus comprising:a video coder circuit configured to perform operations comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, wherein the current picture is coded with picture-level rotation or mirroring;reconstructing luma samples of the current block;applying a down-sampling filter to the reconstructed luma samples to generate a set of down-sampled luma samples, wherein an orientation or a position of the down-sampling filter is adjusted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring;applying a cross-component model to the set of down-sampled luma samples to generate a set of predicted chroma samples; andencoding or decoding the current block based on the set of predicted chroma samples.12.A video decoding method comprising:receiving data to be decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video, wherein the current picture is coded with picture-level rotation or mirroring;reconstructing luma samples of the current block;applying a down-sampling filter to the reconstructed luma samples to generate a set of down-sampled luma samples, wherein an orientation or a position of the down-sampling filter is adjusted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring;applying a cross-component model to the set of down-sampled luma samples to generate a set of predicted chroma samples; anddecoding the current block based on the set of predicted chroma samples.13.A video encoding method comprising:receiving raw pixel data to be encoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video into a bitstream, wherein the raw pixel data of the current picture is picture-level rotated or mirrored;reconstructing luma samples of the current block;applying a down-sampling filter to the reconstructed luma samples to generate a set of down-sampled luma samples, wherein an orientation or a position of the down-sampling filter is adjusted based on the picture-level rotation or mirroring;applying a cross-component model to the set of down-sampled luma samples to generate a set of predicted chroma samples; andencoding the current block based on the set of predicted chroma samples.14.A video coding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current picture of a video, wherein the current picture is coded with picture-level rotation or mirroring;reconstructing samples of a first component of the current picture according to a first picture-level rotation or mirroring setting; andreconstructing samples of a second component of the current picture according to a second, different picture-level rotation or mirroring setting.15.The video coding method of claim 14, wherein the first component is luma and the second component is chroma.16.The video coding method of claim 14, wherein the first and second components are different chroma components.