Coordinated TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancement, and fair resource allocation for performance improvements of wireless networks with low-latency traffic
Co-TDMA parameterization and fair resource allocation with spatial reuse techniques address airtime fairness and QoS issues, enhancing latency reduction and throughput in wireless networks by ensuring fair and efficient TXOP sharing among APs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
AI Technical Summary
Co-TDMA systems face issues with airtime fairness and QoS violations due to lack of centralized coordination, leading to prioritization of own traffic over others and non-specification of access category priorities, which affects latency and throughput in wireless networks with low-latency traffic.
Implementing Co-TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancements, and fair resource allocation rules that include a polling phase with Co-TDMA initial control frames and responses, defining allowed AC priorities, and combining with spatial reuse techniques to ensure fair and efficient TXOP sharing among APs.
Enhances latency reduction and throughput by ensuring fair resource allocation and concurrent transmissions, maintaining AC priority fairness, and prioritizing low-latency traffic, thereby improving overall network performance.
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Figure CN2026073615_23072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COORDINATED TDMA PARAMETERIZATION, PROTOCOL ENHANCEMENT, AND FAIR RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS OF WIRELESS NETWORKS WITH LOW-LATENCY TRAFFICCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 63 / 747,116, 63 / 776,357, 63 / 792,389, 63 / 801,229, 63 / 804,720 and 63 / 880,376, filed 20 January 2025, 24 March 2025, 22 April 2025, 07 May 2025, 13 May 2025 and 12 September 2025, respectively, , the contents of which herein being incorporated by reference in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to coordinated time division multiple access (Co-TDMA) parameterization, protocol enhancements, and resource allocation rules for ensuring fairness and performance improvements in wireless networks with low-latency traffic.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communications such as Wi-Fi (or WiFi) and wireless local area networks (WLANs) under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, Co-TDMA allows an AP, namely, Co-TDMA coordinating AP, to allocate a portion of the acquired Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) time sequentially to one or more non-collocated APs, namely, Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) , with which the Co-TDMA coordinating AP has established C-TDMA agreements using Multi-AP Coordination (MAPC) framework. The Co-TDMA coordinating AP becomes is a TXOP holder by gaining access to shared wireless channel for a contention-free TXOP duration. Besides reducing latency, Co-TDMA may also provide throughput gains if Co-TDMA is combined with spatial reuse techniques. Such a combined technique allows concurrent transmissions between multiple APs and their respective STAs by spatially reusing selected resource units (RUs) or the entire bandwidth. A Co-TDMA coordinating AP needs to maintain airtime fairness when allocating TXOP times to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) . Specifying fairness requirements for Co-TDMA is essential as Co-TDMA lacks centralized coordination. Additionally, it is not practically possible to regulate various resource allocation algorithms in the IEEE 802.1 standard. Moreover, the fairness may be a concern in operating Co-TDMA due to a Co-TDMA coordinating AP compute TXOP times independently since the APs cannot employ a common network-wise resource allocation algorithm for all the APs participating in MAPCs. Without these requirements, an issue may arise in Co-TDMA when APs may likely prioritize serving its own traffic over that of the other AP (s) in MAPC. When this happens, C-TDMA may not be operational as a feature.
[0005] Furthermore, when a Co-TDMA coordinated AP is granted access to a channel during the allocated TXOP time, in case the access category (AC) priority fairness is not specified by a Co-TDMA coordinating AP, the Co-TDMA coordinated AP may end up having more airtime than the TXOP limits of corresponding ACs used by the STAs that are not associated with APs participating in Co-TDMA. In addition, when a Co-TDMA coordinating AP gains a TXOP with the AC of voice (VO) or video (VI) while a Co-TDMA coordinated AP uses the TXOP for the AC of best effort (BE) , the quality of service (QoS) fairness would be violated. Since the acquired TXOP may be shared between multiple Co-TDMA coordinated APs, the order in which APs obtain their portion of the TXOP matters. It is desirable to share the TXOP in the order of low-latency urgency so that the APs that have more urgent traffic get the TXOP time before others.
[0006] Therefore, there is a need for a solution of Co-TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancements, and fair resource allocation rules for latency reduction and throughput improvement in wireless communications with low-latency traffic.SUMMARY
[0007] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0008] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods, and apparatuses pertaining to Co-TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancements, and fair resource allocation rules for latency reduction and throughput improvement in wireless communications. It is believed that implementation of one or more schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the aforementioned issue (s) .
[0009] In one aspect, a method may involve a first AP establishing a Co-TDMA procedure with at least a second AP in a MAPC system of a plurality of APs comprising a Co-TDMA coordinating AP, that is, the AP that acquires a TXOP, and at least a Co-TDMA coordinated AP, that is, the AP to which a portion of the acquired TXOP to be allocated. The method may involve the first AP initiating frame exchange (s) with one or more non-AP stations (STAs) associated with the first AP during a TXOP acquired by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for a primary AC. The method may also involve at least the second AP initiating frame exchanges (s) with one or more non-AP STA(s) associated with the second AP during the TXOP time allocated the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. In establishing the Co-TDMA procedure, the method may involve the first AP participating in a polling phase involving: (a) the Co-TDMA coordinating AP transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control frame (ICF) to announce its intention to share a portion of the acquired TXOP; and (b) the Co-TDMA coordinated AP responding to the Co-TDMA ICF by transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control response frame (ICR) . The primary AC may be an AC for which the TXOP is acquired by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. The primary AC may be indicated in the Primary AC field of the Co-TDMA ICF.
[0010] In another aspect, a method involves specifying rules in allocating TXOP times and in defining allowed AC priorities during the shared portion of the TXOP for Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) . Another method characterizes parameterization of the Co-TDMA ICR during the polling phase that may be used by Co-TDMA coordinating AP in allocating TXOP times as well as in finding the order in which Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) may be triggered for operation. Another method involves an enhancement of Co-TDMA return protocol phase. And yet, another method involves designing a feature for providing throughput gains by combining Co-TDMA with spatial reuse techniques along with a channel probing mechanism.
[0011] In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may function as a first AP in performing various operations. For instance, the processor may establish a Co-TDMA procedure with at least a second AP in a MAPC system of a plurality of APs comprising a Co-TDMA coordinating AP and at least a Co-TDMA coordinated AP. The method may involve the first AP initiating frame exchange (s) with one or more non-AP stations (STAs) associated with the first AP during a TXOP acquired by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for a primary AC. The method may also involve at least the second AP initiating frame exchanges (s) with one or more non-AP STA (s) associated with the second AP during the TXOP time allocated by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. In establishing the Co-TDMA procedure, the method may involve the first AP participating in a polling phase involving: (a) the Co-TDMA coordinating AP transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control frame (ICF) to announce its intention to share a portion of the acquired TXOP; and (b) the Co-TDMA coordinated AP responding to the Co-TDMA ICF by transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control response frame (ICR) . The primary AC may be an AC for which the TXOP is acquired by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and may be indicated in the Primary AC field of the Co-TDMA ICF.
[0012] It is noteworthy that, although the description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as Wi-Fi / WiFi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0015] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that the description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0023] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to Co-TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancements, and fair resource allocation rules for performance improvements in wireless communications with low-latency traffic. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another. The various solutions and schemes implement the proposed schemes at APs to improve communications efficiency between APs and non-AP STAs as well as between APs. Accordingly, the various solutions and schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the issues described above.
[0024] In the present disclosure, an AP that obtains a TXOP with intention to share it with another AP is referred to as a Co-TDMA coordinating AP, while an AP that is allocated a portion of the obtained the TXOP is referred to as the Co-TDMA coordinated AP. That is, the Co-TDMA coordinated AP uses a portion of an acquired TXOP allocated by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. In Co-TDMA, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP allows the acquired TXOP to be shared with one or more Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) sequentially. Co-TDMA may only be initiated between two or more non-collocated APs. An AP may only initiate Co-TDMA procedure with another AP that have established mutual Co-TDMA agreement using MAPC framework. The Co-TDMA coordinating AP becomes is a TXOP holder by gaining access to shared wireless channel for a contention-free TXOP duration. Additionally, to become a Co-TDMA coordinating AP, this AP needs to have at least one existing Co-TDMA agreement with another AP.
[0025] In Co-TDMA, at the start of TXOP, a Co-TDMA coordinating AP is required to perform a polling phase. During the polling phase, a Co-TDMA coordinating AP announces its intentions to share an acquired TXOP and solicits or otherwise polls a response from one or more Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) regarding whether any of the polled AP (s) is interested in obtaining or using a portion of the TXOP. The polling phase involves the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to send a Co-TDMA initial control frame (ICF) , which may be a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame (TF) , to the Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) as polled AP (s) . Upon successful reception of the Co-TDMA ICF, the polled AP (s) respond using a Co-TDMA initial control response frame (ICR) , which may be a multi-station (multi-STA) block acknowledgement (BA) frame.
[0026] The Co-TDMA coordinating AP can only poll those AP (s) that have existing mutual C-TDMA agreement (s) with the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to perform Co-TDMA. During Co-TDMA negotiation, multiple APs establish, close (tear down) or update C-TDMA agreements using MAPCs agreement negotiation procedures, parameters, and protocols. The APs may negotiate and exchange the parameters using a MAPC per scheme parameter set field, and the format of this field depends on which multi-AP (MAP) feature is selected (e.g., coordinated beam forming (Co-BF) , coordinated target wakeup time (Co-RTWT) , or Co-TDMA) .
[0027] Besides reducing latency, Co-TDMA may also improve throughput if combined with spatial reuse techniques such as orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) , coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) , Co-BF) , or legacy spatial reuse (LSR) . Such combined techniques allow concurrent transmissions between multiple APs and their respective STAs by spatially reusing selected resource units (RUs) or the entire bandwidth. Consequently, these combined schemes (Co-TDMA-OFDMA, Co-TDMA-Co-SR, Co-TDMA-Co-BF, and Co-TDMA-LSR may result in throughput gains.
[0028] As different APs participating in Co-TDMA may be built with processors / chips made by different chip vendors using different designs and algorithms, a Co-TDMA coordinating AP needs to meet certain requirements in computing TXOP sharing times. Otherwise, this time allocation issue would result in failure of Co-TDMA to provide a latency gain (e.g., nothing would prevent a sharing AP from allocating 99%of the acquired TXOP to itself while only 1%is allocated to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) . The IEEE 802.11 specifies QoS to serve traffic of different AC priorities using enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameters. The Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) , as part of Co-TDMA C-TDMA operation, are not allowed to violate the AC priority fairness. The proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below, define a mechanism to support AC priority fairness by the APs participating in Co-TDMA.
[0029] The order in which Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) need to be triggered by Co-TDMA coordinating AP for TXOP sharing may depend on the urgency of the Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) in serving their respective low-latency traffic. The urgency-based ordering of Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) during the TXOP allocation phase increases the change of delivering low-latency traffic before expiry time of the low-latency traffic elapses. The Co-TDMA coordinating AP may trigger Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) APs in the urgency-based ordering if the Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) parameterize low-latency traffic in the Co-TDMA ICR by characterizing with parameter (s) in the ICR.
[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 of MAPC utilizing Co-TDMA under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes only and without limiting the scope of the present disclosure, in the example shown in FIG. 1, there are three basic service sets (BSSs) where AP1 serves STA1 and STA2, AP2 serves STA3 and STA4, and AP3 serves STA5 and STA6. STA2 and STA4 are in the transmission range of both AP1 and AP2. STA6 is in the transmission range of both AP2 and AP3. STA1, STA3 and STA5 are assumed to be within the coverage range of only their own APs, respectively. Thus, the transmissions from AP1 to STA1, from AP2 to STA3, and from AP3 to STA5 may happen concurrently as these transmissions are assumed to be interference-free. Moreover, AP1 and AP3 cannot hear each other and, hence, they act as hidden nodes to each other with non-overlapping coverage areas. On the other hand, AP1 and AP2, as well as AP2 and AP3, have partially overlapping coverage areas as they can hear each other (that is, AP1 and AP2 can hear each other, and AP2 and AP3 can hear each other) . Notably, in conventional Co-TDMA (that is, when Co-TDMA is not combined with any spatial reuse techniques) , only one AP can transmit at a time during TXOP sharing.
[0031] Under the proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, by combining Co-TDMA with one or more spatial reuse techniques, multiple APs can transmit concurrently at a time during TXOP sharing. The proposed schemes are related to enhancing the Co-TDMA used in MAPC systems by combining Co-TDMA with one or more spatial reuse techniques such as OFDMA, legacy SR, Co-SR, and Co-BF, along with a general channel probing mechanism to estimate received signal strength indicator (RSSI) -based channel state information (CSI) for techniques that combine Co-TDMA with spatial reuse techniques. To allow flawless TXOP allocation, rules and methods are defined under the proposed schemes. Moreover, AC priority fairness rules at Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) are also defined under the proposed schemes described below.
[0032] Additionally, the proposed schemes provide a detailed mechanism for TXOP return mechanism in Co-TDMA applicable to the TXOP return phase that includes a protocol, network allocation vector (NAV) settings, and an acknowledge mechanism. The proposed schemes also provide methods that allow a Co-TDMA coordinating to order Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) for TXOP allocation based on the urgency of low-latency traffic parameterized in the Co-TDMA ICRs that are sent by Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) during the polling phase.
[0033] Moreover, the proposed schemes define simple parameters that help a Co-TDMA coordinating AP to decide which AP (s) to poll from a set of APs that have established Co-TDMA agreements with the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. Along with the parameters, the proposed schemes provide a way to utilize these parameters by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to select which AP (s) to poll using a simple rule during the polling phase of the Co-TDMA procedure. Specifically, there are two options of parameters in the MAPC per scheme parameter set field that indicate: (1) the number of STAs with active AC [VO] and / or AC [VI] streams that are associated with a Co-TDMA requesting AP; and (2) the total number of AC [VO] and / or AC [VI] of active streams that are currently pending at the requesting AP.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 under a proposed scheme (Proposal 1) in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 200 may pertain to TXOP allocation times of a TXOP to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) in a Co-TDMA procedure. The Co-TDMA coordinating AP may acquire a TXOP and allocate TXOP sharing times to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) using a Co-TDMA protocol involving, for example, Co-TDMA ICF frame, Co-TDMA ICR, and, for announcement of its intention to share the TXOP, multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) TXOP sharing (TXS) trigger frame. The APs may exchange frames with their associated STAs only within the allocated times. FIG. 2 shows the TXOP allocation times, denoted by t1, t2 and t3, and the sequence of frame exchanges between a set of APs (t1) , APs (t2) and APs (t3) with their respective STAs. Other APs may start concurrent transmissions and spatially reuse the channel with the Co-TDMA coordinating AP or coordinated AP (s) by using OFDMA, Co-SR, Co-BF, or LSR during the allocated times t1, t2 and t3.
[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario 300 under Proposal 1. Scenario 300 may pertain to a generic protocol for Co-TDMA-OFDMA, Co-TDMA-Co-SR, Co-TDMA-Co-BF, and Co-TDMA-LSR. Under Proposal 1, each spatial reuse technique may have its requirements when other APs may transmit concurrently with the Co-TDMA coordinating AP or Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) . With respect to LSR condition, in mode A, when APs are located far away from each other such that their coverage areas almost do not overlap, whenever such APs transmit concurrently within the same TXOP time allocations their STAs do not experience overlapping basic service set (OBSS) interference. In mode B, APs transmit to STAs that meet legacy spatial reuse (SR) OBSS preamble detection (PD) requirement. This mode (mode B) can be used by APs with overlapping or partially overlapped coverage areas. Both mode A and mode B allow APs to spatially reuse their entire bandwidths. With respect to OFDMA condition, each AP participating in Co-TDMA needs to probe its resource units (RUs) to check whether the OBSS interference meets the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) requirements. This condition needs to employ a per-RU RSSI-based probing mechanism described below. With respect to Co-BF condition, Co-BF allows APs participating in Co-TDMA to null out the OBSS interference. APs are required to perform channel sounding to obtain single-user (SU) / multi-user (MU) precoders. It may be assumed that Co-BF operates according to the IEEE 802.11 standard. Co-TDMA-Co-BF is designed to target MAPCs with overlapping or partially overlapping coverage areas. With respect to Co-SR condition, Co-SR is also designed for MAPCs with partially or fully overlapping coverage areas and Co-SR CSR operates according to the IEEE 802.11 standard. The APs participating in Co-TDMA and Co-BF / Co-SR may be coordinated via ICF / ICR and specialized trigger frames (CR-TF) . APs may be informed about the TXOP allocation times t1, t2 and t3 via ICF and MU-RTS TXS.
[0036] Under Proposal 1, the generic protocol may operate as described below. The Co-TDMA coordinating AP sends an ICF to APs participating in Co-TDMA. Those APs interested in sharing a TXOP each responds with an ICR. The ICF may announce the duration of a first TXOP portion t1. During each TXOP allocated time, there may be a primary AP, specifically during t1 it functions as the coordinating AP, during a second TXOP portion t2 it functions as coordinated AP1, and during a third TXOP portion t3 it functions as coordinated AP2. Before the start of frame exchange (s) , the primary AP may send a CR-TF to the APs participating in Co-TDMA. The CR-TF may serve to initiate data transmission with other APs. The CR-TF may also carry the information necessary for spatial reuse by checking conditions for LSR, OFDMA, and Co-BF / Co-SR. When the conditions are met at other APs, those APs may initiate their frame exchanges concurrently with the primary AP. The other APs (non-primary APs) may obtain the TXOP allocation times, via ICR and MU-RTS TXS, and may be permitted to transmit only within their respective allocated times.
[0037] Under Proposal 1, the CR-TF may carry along information of the TXOP allocation times about STAs so that the coordinated AP (s) may check conditions regarding whether spatial reuse is possible. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, an exemplary operation is described below. In the LSR condition, if AP2 becomes a coordinating AP with AP1 and AP3 acting as coordinated APs, then during t1 coordinating AP2 may announce in a CR-TF, since AP2 acts as primary AP, that it intends to trigger frame exchange (s) with STA3 and STA4. Coordinated AP1 and coordinated AP3 may start respective transmissions as the STAs meet the OBSS / PD threshold (s) . Similar steps may happen during t2 and t3 when AP1 and AP3 act as the primary AP, respectively. For example, coordinated AP1, during t2, acting as primary AP, sends CR-TF announcing that it intends frame exchange (s) with STA1 and STA2. Respectively, coordinated AP2 may start its frame exchange (s) with STA3 and STA4 concurrently with AP1 during t2. One difference is that AP3 and AP1 cannot initiate concurrent transmissions during those TXOP times since both AP1 and AP3 cannot hear their primary APs. Also, in this example, AP1 cannot transmit to STA2 and AP3 cannot transmit to STA5 as the signals do not meet the requirement on OBSS / PD threshold (s) .
[0038] In the OFDMA condition, if AP2 becomes a coordinating AP with AP1 and AP3 acting as coordinated APs, then during t1 coordinating AP2 may announce in a CR-TF it transmits: (1) that it intends to transmit to STA3 and STA4 and (2) the selected RU allocations. Coordinated AP1 and AP3 may start their transmissions if the RSSI threshold meets per RU requirements. In this example, with reference to Fig 1, APs may transmit to all the STAs due to the RSSI levels of RUs permitting such transmissions or the APs use different RU allocations for each STA.
[0039] In the Co-BF / Co-SR condition, if AP2 becomes a coordinating AP with AP1 and AP3 acting as coordinated APs, then during t1 coordinating AP2 may announce in a CR-TF it transmits: (1) that it intends to transmit to STA3 and STA4 and (2) that it selects to coordinate with AP1 using Co-BF or Co-SRF scheme. In case of Co-BF, AP1 and AP2 may use MU beamforming precoders to null out the OBSS interference obtained during sounding. In case of Co-SR, AP1 and AP2 may adjust their transmission powers to allow concurrent transmissions from AP1 and AP2. During t2 and t3, the primary AP1 and AP3 may send MU-RTS TXS to inform coordinated APs about the TXOP time allocation and coordinate Co-BF or Co-SR via CR-TF to initiate concurrent Co-BF / Co-SR transmissions.
[0040] Under Proposal 1, the combined schemes of Co-TDMA with OFDMA, Co-SR or LSR, the APs may need to estimate channel quality between STAs and APs. For this, a channel probing mechanism may be utilized. The information may be used to estimate which STA (s) can be scheduled concurrently during a frame exchange between the primary AP and its associated STAs. In case of Co-TDMA-Co-BF, the channel sounding procedure may be reused for the channel probing mechanism. During channel sounding, APs need to perform periodic sequential null data packet announcement (NDPA) -based sounding. When APs obtain CSIs, APs may select STAs for Co-BF transmission. Alternatively, an RSSI-based probing mechanism may be used for Co-SR, LSR and OFDMA.
[0041] FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario 400 under Proposal 1. Scenario 400 may pertain to an RSSI-based channel probing protocol sequence. Referring to FIG. 4, with this RSSI-based method, each AP may aim to estimate the RSSI between the AP and STAs. The RSSIs acquiring phase may have very low overhead and long interval. It may be done on some events such as when a new STA joins the MAPC system.
[0042] In this RSSI-based method, the procedure may be split in phases for each AP to acquire RSSI estimates for STAs associated with other APs. An AP may send a trigger frame to request trigger-based (TB) physical-layer (PHY) protocol data units (PPDUs) from STAs associated with other APs. This may be requested like compressed beamforming (BF) reports or buffer status reports. The information about STAs and RUs may be specified in the trigger frame. The other APs may also receive the trigger frame and be ready to measure RSSI based on the TB PPDUs sent from the STAs. The TB PPDUs may be sent concurrently on uplink (UL) using MU multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) . The APs may estimate RSSIs based on the transmitted TB PPDUs. The estimator AP may send a request to other (OBSS) APs to obtain their measured RSSIs. The estimation of a channel using channel quality indicator (CQI) or RSSI may be performed on a per-RU basis. The decision on selection of STAs for OFDMA may be made for each RU j for STA i with respect to a certain threshold, as expressed by CQIj (i) > CQIthreshold or RSSIj (i) >RSSIthreshold. Notably, there may be multiple ways on how APs can obtain information on what STAs are being transmitted. For instance, an AP may extract information on RU allocation from a signal B field (SIG-B) from a MU PPDU. Alternatively, or additionally, the AP may extract information from association identifications (AIDs) of STAs from a signal A field (SIG-A) (e.g., partial AIDs combined with BSS identification (BSSID) ) .
[0043] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Proposal 2) , when the Co-TDMA coordinating AP is not constrained by any rules in allocating TXOP times, then the Co-TDMA coordinating AP may act in an unconstrained way in allocating airtime resources and as a result, it may violate airtime fairness. Basically, nothing may prevent the sharing AP from causing Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) to starve by allocating all the airtime resources to itself for serving only its own low-latency traffic or to violate fairness by allocating to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) more airtime than is allowed by the TXOP limit specified by the TXOP gaining AC. Under the proposed scheme, new rules may be implemented to prevent the aforementioned scenario by setting upper and lower bounds on the time the Co-TDMA coordinating AP considers for allocating to itself, tsharing, and on the time the Co-TDMA coordinated AP considers for allocating to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) , tshared. The parameter tthreshold may be defined as a TXOP allocation threshold. The value of tthreshold may be advertised during MAPC negotiation and may be reconfigured by the network layer, network application, or a user. Moreover, tthreshold may be subject to negotiation and agreement between APs during MAPC negotiation and may be fixed for the entire duration of Co-TDMA operation / agreement. In another method, the value of tthreshold may be set by a Co-TDMA coordinating AP independently from other APs without the need to establish it through MAPC negotiations with other AP (s) . In this method, the value of tthreshold may be not fixed for the entire Co-TDMA agreement and therefore the value of tthreshold may vary per each acquired TXOP.
[0044] Under Proposal 2, TXOP times tsharing and tshared denote the amount of time that is allocated to Co-TDMA coordinating AP and coordinated AP (s) , respectively, (e.g., for frame exchange (s) between the AP and non-AP STA (s) associated with that AP) may need to satisfy the following allocation rules: tsharing ≤ tthreshold x TXOPduration (AC) tshared ≤ TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing such that TXOPduration (AC) ≤ TXOPlimit (AC)
[0045] Here, TXOPlimit (AC) and TXOPduration (AC) denote the TXOP duration limit and the duration of a TXOP acquired by a Co-TDMA coordinating AP for the primary AC, respectively. The primary AC indicates a traffic AC that wins contention and for which a TXOP is obtained by Co-TDMA coordinating AP. Moreover, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP using the Primary AC field in the Co-TDMA ICF may indicate to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) the primary AC of the obtained TXOP during the polling phase. That is, TXOPduration (AC) may not exceed the TXOP duration limit TXOPlimit (AC) advertised by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to its associated non-AP STA (s) in the EDCA Parameter Set element for the primary AC of the obtained TXOP.
[0046] The allocation rule tsharing ≤ tthreshold x TXOPduration (AC) restricts the amount of time a Co-TDMA coordinating AP may allocate to itself with that it cannot exceed the upper bound of tthreshold x TXOPduration (AC) , that is it, the maximum portion of the TXOP the coordinating AP may allocate to itself is tsharing = tthreshold x TXOPduration (AC) . This implies another allocation rule tshared ≤TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing, that is it, the maximum TXOP duration that the Co-TDMA coordinating AP may consider to allocate to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) is TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing . From this, it follows that a Co-TDMA coordinating AP is enabled to indicate to coordinated AP (s) that the maximum TXOP duration under consideration for allocation to coordinated AP (s) during the polling phase -is the upper bound expressed as the total TXOP duration minus the time the coordinating AP allocates to itself (tsharing) , which is also bounded by the TXOP duration limit of the primary AC.
[0047] Notably, both tsharing and tshared may be lower bounded by a minimum time (tmin) as follows: tmin ≤ tsharing tmin ≤ tshared
[0048] Here, tmin may denote the minimum amount of time required for the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and Co-TDMA coordinated AP to exchange at least one data frame or management frame with its associated STA (s) .
[0049] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Proposal 3) , when a TXOP is acquired or obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP with the Primary AC, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP may indicate to the Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) the primary AC in the primary AC field of: (1) the Extremely-High-Throughput (EHT) variant of the User Info field of a MU-RTS TXS; or (2) the Co-TDMA ICF (e.g., BSRP frame) during the polling phase. In order to maintain fairness Co-TDMA, the following rules may be defined. Firstly, the Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) may only exchange frames with its associated non-AP STA (s) that are from the same or higher priority AC as the primary AC of the TXOP obtained and indicated by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP during the polling phase in the Primary AC field of the Co-TDMA ICF. Secondly, tshared, the amount of time intended for allocation to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) shall not exceed the value of the TXOP duration limit for the primary AC of the TXOP obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. This rule is directly derived from above TXOP allocation rules above, that is it, tshared ≤TXOPduration (AC) and TXOPduration (AC) ≤ TXOPlimit (AC) so then tshared ≤ TXOPlimit (AC) .
[0050] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Proposal 4) , when a Co-TDMA coordinating AP indicates to Co-TDMA coordinated AP (s) to return a remainder of the allocated TXOP time back to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP using the TXOP return mechanism, the C-TDMA protocol sequence may be as described below. Firstly, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP may indicate a time portion tshared of the acquired TXOP intended for sharing with a Co-TDMA coordinated AP in the allocation field in the MU-RTS TXS and address a Co-TDMA coordinated AP in a specific 12-bit portion of a full association identification (AID) , or AID12, of the User Info field of the MU-RTS TXS during the allocation phase. Secondly, the shared AP may send a clear-to-send (CTS) in response to receiving the MU-RTS TXS. Then, the Co-TDMA coordinated AP may perform in-BSS frame exchanges with its associated STA (s) over a period of time tshared. During the Co-TDMA coordinated AP’s in-BSS frame exchanges, the coordinated AP may employ any baseline NAV protection mechanism such as: (a) the Co-TDMA coordinated AP setting an intra-BSS short NAV until the start of the next in-BSS frame; or (b) the Co-TDMA coordinated AP setting the intra-BSS for the estimated duration of its in-BSS frame exchanges. In case that the Co-TDMA coordinated AP has not used entirely the TXOP allocated time tshared, it may return the unused time to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP, provided that the coordinating AP is capable of receiving the TXOP return frame.
[0051] FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 under Proposal 4. Scenario 500 may pertain to a frame sequence of a TXOP return mechanism in Co-TDMA. Referring to FIG. 5, a Co-TDMA coordinated AP may announce its intention to return a remainder of allocated TXOP time to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP at the end of the shared in-BSS frame exchange. For instance, the coordinated AP may send an initial TXOP return frame. The initial TXP return frame may solicit a response from the coordinating AP to acknowledge the successful reception of the TXOP return frame and to indicate to the coordinated AP that it can reclaim the unused portion of the allocated TXOP.
[0052] Under Proposal 4, a Co-TDMA coordinated AP may identify a Co-TDMA coordinating AP by using the AP ID carried the AID12 field of the User Info field of the initial TXOP return frame. Additionally, the initial TXOP return frame may carry TXOP sharing information that is necessary for a Co-TDMA coordinating AP to reclaim the remainder of the allocated TXOP, if any. For instance, it may include an indicator flag indicating that a Co-TDMA coordinated AP intends to return the TXOP. The initial TXOP return frame may provide protection until the start of the first in-BSS frame that follows the immediate initial TXOP return frame from the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. The duration field of the initial TXOP return frame may be set to one short interframe spacing (SIFS) plus the additional time required to transmit a solicited response from the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. Since the duration field of the initial TXOP response frame is based on the duration field of the initial TXOP return frame, it may also be set until the start of the first in-BSS frame from the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. If the Co-TDMA coordinated AP does not receive a response from the Co-TDMA coordinating AP, the Co-TDMA coordinated AP may retransmit the initial TXOP return frame.
[0053] Under Proposal 4, a BSRP TF or MU-RTS TXS TF may be used for the initial TXOP return frame. As for the initial TXOP response frame, a multi-STA BA frame (in case the TXOP return is initiated using BSRP TF) or a CTS frame (in case the TXOP return is initiated using MU-RTS TXS TF) may be used. The initial TXOP response frame may specify the remainder, tunused, of the allocated TXOP time that was not utilized by the Co-TDMA coordinated AP with tunused = tsharing –tused –tcontrol, with tused denoting the amount of time spent by a Co-TDMA coordinated AP on its in-BSS frame exchange, and with tcontrol denoting the amount of time required to transmit the initial TXOP return and response frames. For instance, tcontrol may be specified in the allocation duration field of MU-RTS TXS or in the User Info field or in the Specifical Info field of a BSRP GI3 TF.
[0054] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Proposal 5) , in the Co-TDMA ICR, a Co-TDMA coordinated AP may indicate to a Co-TDMA coordinating AP the urgency to serve its low-latency (LL) traffic in the LL Traffic Urgency field. Using this parameter, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP may prioritize coordinated APs to serve according to the urgency of their low-latency traffics during the TXOP allocation phase. Under Proposal 5, there may be multiple options to represent the LL Traffic Urgency field as a parameter. In a first option, LL delay bound may represent the lowest bound value among all the delay bounds associated with medium access control (MAC) service data unit (MSDU) or aggregate MSDU (A-MSDU) frames in the queue of a Co-TDMA coordinated AP corresponding to LL traffic or to a specific traffic identifier (TID) . While being relatively simple, a Co-TDMA coordinated AP may have rather loose information on LL serving needs of the coordinated APs. The assumption of this option may be that, on average, frames have somewhat equal arrival times at the MAC of the shared APs.
[0055] In a second option, LL expiration time may represent the shorted expiration time among all the expiration times associated with MSDU / A-MSDU frames in the queue of a Co-TDMA coordinated AP corresponding to LL traffic or to at least a specific TID. The expiration time of a MSDU / A-MSDU may be an arrival time of the frame at the MAC plus the delay bound of the LL frame. This option may require the coordinated APs to find enqueue times of arriving LL frames at the MAC. In spite of that, this may not be very challenging in practice. Alternatively, this field may adopt and reuse a mechanism along with expressions described in the IEEE 802.11 standard that allows STAs to provide the delay report of LL buffered data to its AP. The delay report or similar may describe expiration times of MSDUs / A-MSDUs.
[0056] In a third option, LL urgency indication may serve to indicate to a Co-TDMA coordinating AP that a Co-TDMA coordinated AP has urgent LL traffic to deliver. There may be two approaches to represent this parameter as a subfield in the Co-TDMA ICR frame. In a first approach, LL urgency indication may be represented by a bit that serves only to indicate the presence of urgent LL traffic. In a second approach, LL urgency indication may be represented by two bits that allow categorization of the urgent LL traffic in categories. For instance, a value of “0” may indicate no urgent LL traffic, a value of “1” may indicate low urgent LL traffic, a value of “2” may indicate moderate urgent LL traffic, and a value of “3” may indicate high urgent LL traffic. The categorized indication may allow a Co-TDMA coordinating AP to sort or otherwise prioritize the Co-TDMA coordinated APs. This option may be simple, and the coordinated AP (s) may obtain information on uplink traffic via the stream classification service (SCS) agreements with their STAs.
[0057] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Proposal 6) , a LL Load Information parameter may be used to represent the potential or expected LL traffic at an AP, and this parameter may be exchanged or requested during the MAPC negotiation procedure with other APs that have with this AP Co-TDMA agreements. Under Proposal 6, there may be two options to represent this parameter. In a first option, the low-latency load information parameter may be represented by the number of STAs with active AC [VO] and / or AC [VI] streams that are associated with a Co-TDMA requesting AP. In a second option, the low-latency load information parameter may be represented by the total number of AC [VO] and / or AC [VI] of streams that are active at the time of an AP sending a MAPC request. FIG. 6 illustrates an example design 600 under Proposal 6. Design 600 may pertain to an exemplary format of a MAPC per scheme Parameter Set field that contains the low-latency load field that represents the LL Load Info parameter as part of the MAPC negotiation procedure.
[0058] Whenever the number of STAs with active low-latency traffic or the total number of AC[VO] and / or AC [VI] at a given AP changes, this AP may precede MAPC procedure to update other APs with a new value for the LL Info field parameter. The parameter may help to determine which APs to poll by a Co-TDMA coordinating AP by finding a polling rate that is proportional to the number of STAs with active low-latency streams or to the total number of low-latency streams as Here, i denotes a coordinating AP, i denotes a coordinated AP, L denotes the total number of Co-TDMA agreements the coordinating AP i has with other APs, Nj denotes either the total number of STAs with active low-latency traffic or the total number of low-latency streams associated with the coordinated AP j, and ti (j) represents how often the coordinating AP i may poll the coordinated AP j. Illustrative Implementations
[0059] FIG. 7 illustrates an example system 700 having at least an example apparatus 710 and an example apparatus 720 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes, and methods described herein pertaining to Co-TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancements, and fair resource allocation rules for performance improvements in wireless communications, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus 710 may be implemented in a first AP (e.g., AP1) and apparatus 720 may be implemented in a second AP (e.g., AP2) , or vice versa.
[0060] Each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented in a STA, each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker, or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 710 and / or apparatus 720 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN or a mesh device.
[0061] In some implementations, each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 7 such as a processor 712 and a processor 722, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 are neither shown in FIG. 7 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0062] In one aspect, each of processor 712 and processor 722 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 712 and processor 722, each of processor 712 and processor 722 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 712 and processor 722 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 712 and processor 722 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to Co-TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancements, and fair resource allocation rules for performance improvements in wireless communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0063] In some implementations, apparatus 710 may also include a transceiver 716 coupled to processor 712. Transceiver 716 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 720 may also include a transceiver 726 coupled to processor 722. Transceiver 726 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 716 and transceiver 726 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 712 and processor 722, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 716 may be an integral part of processor 712 as a system on chip (SoC) and / or transceiver 726 may be an integral part of processor 722 as a SoC.
[0064] In some implementations, apparatus 710 may further include a memory 714 coupled to processor 712 and capable of being accessed by processor 712 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 720 may further include a memory 724 coupled to processor 722 and capable of being accessed by processor 722 and storing data therein. Each of memory 714 and memory 724 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 714 and memory 724 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 714 and memory 724 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0065] Each of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of the capabilities of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720, functioning as a coordinating / sharing AP and a coordinated / shared AP, respectively, is provided below in the context of example processes 800 and 900. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and / or technical features of either of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 is provided below, the same may be applied to the other of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks. Illustrative Processes
[0066] FIG. 8 illustrates an example process 800 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 800 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods described above. More specifically, process 800 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to Co-TDMA parameterization, protocol enhancements, and fair resource allocation rules for latency reduction and throughput improvement in wireless communications. Process 800 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 800 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 800 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 8 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 800 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 800 may be implemented by or in apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 800 is described below in the context of apparatus 710 and apparatus 720 implemented in or as a first AP (e.g., AP1) and a second AP (e.g., AP2) or a first STA (e.g., STA1) , respectively, in a wireless network such as a WLAN in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 800 may begin at block 810.
[0067] At 810, process 800 may involve processor 712 of apparatus 710, as a first AP in a MAPC system of a plurality of APs comprising a Co-TDMA coordinating AP and one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, establishing, via transceiver 716, a Co-TDMA procedure with at least a second AP in the MAPC system. For instance, in establishing the Co-TDMA procedure, process 800 may involve processor 712 participating in a polling phase involving: (a) the Co-TDMA coordinating AP transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control frame (ICF) to announce its intention to share a portion of the TXOP; and (b) each of the Co-TDMA coordinated APs responding to the Co-TDMA ICF by transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control response frame (ICR) . Process 800 may proceed from 810 to 820.
[0068] At 820, process 800 may involve processor 712 performing, via transceiver 716, one or more frame exchanges with one or more non-AP STAs associated with the first AP during a TXOP acquired or otherwise obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for a primary AC. In some implementations, the primary AC may be an AC for which the TXOP is obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. Moreover, the Co-TDMA ICF may contain a Primary AC field indicating the primary AC.
[0069] In some implementations, in response to the first AP functioning as one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, the one or more frame exchanges with the one or more non-AP STAs may involve exchanging one or more frames of a same or higher priority AC compared to that of the primary AC indicated in the Primary AC field of the Co-TDMA ICF during the polling phase.
[0070] In some implementations, in establishing the Co-TDMA procedure, process 800 may further involve processor 712 participating in a MAPC negotiation phase involving: (a) the plurality of APs establishing, closing and tearing down, or updating Co-TDMA agreements; and (b) the plurality of APs negotiating and exchanging parameters related to the Co-TDMA procedure. In some implementations, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP allocates a portion of the obtained TXOP to itself and one or more other portions of the obtained TXOP to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs using allocation rules.
[0071] In some implementations, the allocation rules may include: tsharing ≤ tthreshold x TXOPduration (AC) ; tshared ≤ TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing; and TXOPduration (AC) ≤ TXOPlimit (AC) . In such cases, TXOPlimit (AC) and TXOPduration (AC) may denote a TXOP duration limit and a duration of a TXOP obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for the primary AC, respectively. The primary AC may indicate an AC that wins contention and for which the TXOP is obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. TXOPduration (AC) may not exceed TXOPlimit (AC) that is advertised by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to its one or more associated non-AP STAs in an EDCA Parameter Set element for the primary AC of the obtained TXOP. tsharing and tshared may denote an amount of time that is allocated to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, respectively. tthreshold may denote a portion of the TXOP allocated to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP. The allocation rule of tshared ≤ TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing may indicate that the amount of time the Co-TDMA coordinating AP allocates to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs cannot exceed TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing which is a maximum TXOP duration intended for allocation to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs under consideration by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP during the polling phase.
[0072] In some implementations, the allocation rules may further include: tmin ≤ tsharing; and tmin ≤ tshared. In such cases, tmin may denote a minimum amount of time required for each of the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs to exchange at least one data frame or management frame with its one or more associated non-APL STAs.
[0073] In some implementations, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP may indicate a time portion tshared of the obtained TXOP intended for sharing with each of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs in an allocation field of a MU-RTS TXS frame during an allocation phase.
[0074] In some implementations, each of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs may be addressed in a specific 12-bit portion of a full AID, or AID12, in the MU-RTS TXS frame.
[0075] In some implementations, responsive to the first AP functioning as one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, process 800 may further involve processor 712 returning, via transceiver 716, to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP an unused portion of time of tshared provided that the Co-TDMA coordinating AP is capable of receiving a TXOP return frame.
[0076] In some implementations, in returning the unused portion of time, process 800 may involve processor 712 announcing an intention to return a remainder of an allocated TXOP to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP at an end of a shared in-BSS frame exchange by transmitting an initial TXOP return frame. In some implementations, the initial TXOP return frame may solicit a response from the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to acknowledge a successful reception of the TXOP return frame to the one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs so that the Co-TDMA coordinating AP can reclaim an unused portion of the allocated TXOP.
[0077] In some implementations, the initial TXOP return frame may carry TXOP sharing information that is necessary for the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to reclaim the remainder of the allocated TXOP. In some implementations, the TXOP sharing information may include an indicator flag indicating that the one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs intends to return the remainder of the allocated TXOP.
[0078] In some implementations, in establishing the Co-TDMA procedure, process 800 may further involve processor 712 combining the Co-TDMA procedure with one or more spatial reuse techniques.
[0079] In some implementations, in combining the Co-TDMA procedure with the one or more spatial reuse techniques, process 800 may involve processor 712 combining the Co-TDMA procedure with one or more of OFDMA, CSR, CBF, or LSR.
[0080] In some implementations, in establishing the Co-TDMA procedure, process 800 may further involve the Co-TDMA coordinating AP transmitting a trigger frame to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs to initiate data transmission. In some implementations, the trigger frame may carry information for the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs to check conditions for the one or more spatial reuse techniques.
[0081] In some implementations, an urgency in serving a LL traffic may be indicated by a parameter in a LL Traffic Urgency field of the Co-TDMA ICR. In some implementations, the Co-TDMA coordinating AP may use the parameter in scheduling the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs for TXOP sharing in an urgency-based order.
[0082] In some implementations, the parameter may include: (a) a bit indicating a presence of an urgent LL traffic; or (b) two bits that allow categorization of the urgent LL traffic such that the categorization allows the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to prioritize the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs based on respective urgencies. Additional Notes
[0083] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0084] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0085] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0086] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:establishing, by a first access point (AP) , a coordinated time division multiple access (Co-TDMA) procedure with at least a second AP in a multi-AP coordination (MAPC) system of a plurality of APs comprising a Co-TDMA coordinating AP and one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs; andperforming, by the first AP, one or more frame exchanges with one or more non-AP stations (STAs) associated with the first AP during a transmission opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for a primary access category (AC) ,wherein the establishing of the Co-TDMA procedure comprises participating in a polling phase involving:the Co-TDMA coordinating AP transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control frame (ICF) to announce its intention to share a portion of the obtained TXOP; andeach of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs responding to the Co-TDMA ICF by transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control response frame (ICR) ,wherein the primary AC is an AC for which the TXOP is obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP, andwherein the Co-TDMA ICF contains a Primary AC field indicating the primary AC.2.The method of Claim 1, where, responsive to the first AP functioning as one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, the one or more frame exchanges with the one or more non-AP STAs involve exchanging one or more frames of a same or higher priority AC compared to that of the primary AC indicated in the Primary AC field of the Co-TDMA ICF during the polling phase.3.The method of Claim 1, wherein the establishing of the Co-TDMA procedure further comprises participating in a MAPC negotiation phase involving:the plurality of APs establishing, closing and tearing down, or updating Co-TDMA agreements; andthe plurality of APs negotiating and exchanging parameters to the Co-TDMA procedure,wherein the Co-TDMA coordinating AP allocates a portion of the obtained TXOP to itself and one or more other portions of the obtained TXOP to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs using allocation rules.4.The method of Claim 3, wherein the allocation rules comprise: tsharing ≤ tthreshold x TXOPduration (AC) ; tshared ≤ TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing; and TXOPduration (AC) ≤ TXOPlimit (AC) ,wherein:TXOPlimit (AC) and TXOPduration (AC) denote a TXOP duration limit and a duration of a TXOP obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for the primary AC, respectively;the primary AC indicates an AC that wins contention and for which the TXOP is obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP;TXOPduration (AC) does not exceed TXOPlimit (AC) that is advertised by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to its one or more associated non-AP STAs in an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) Parameter Set element for the primary AC of the obtained TXOP;tsharing and tshared denote an amount of time that is allocated to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, respectively;tthreshold denotes a portion of the TXOP allocated to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP;the allocation rule of tshared ≤ TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing indicates that the amount of time the Co-TDMA coordinating AP allocates to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs cannot exceed TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing which is a maximum TXOP duration intended for allocation to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs under consideration by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP during the polling phase.5.The method of Claim 4, wherein the allocation rules further comprise:tmin ≤ tsharing; andtmin ≤ tshared,wherein tmin denotes a minimum amount of time required for each of the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs to exchange at least one data frame or management frame with its one or more associated non-APL STAs.6.The method of Claim 4, wherein the Co-TDMA coordinating AP indicates a time portion tshared of the obtained TXOP intended for sharing with each of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs in an allocation field of a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) TXOP sharing (TXS) frame during an allocation phase.7.The method of Claim 6, wherein each of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs is addressed in a specific 12-bit portion of a full association identification (AID) , or AID12, in the MU-RTS TXS frame.8.The method of Claim 4, responsive to the first AP functioning as one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, further comprising:returning, by the first AP, to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP an unused portion of time of tshared provided that the Co-TDMA coordinating AP is capable of receiving a TXOP return frame.9.The method of Claim 8, wherein the returning of the unused portion of time comprises announcing an intention to return a remainder of an allocated TXOP to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP at an end of a shared in-basic service set (in-BSS) frame exchange by transmitting an initial TXOP return frame, and wherein the initial TXOP return frame solicits a response from the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to acknowledge a successful reception of the TXOP return frame to the one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs so that the Co-TDMA coordinating AP can reclaim an unused portion of the allocated TXOP.10.The method of Claim 9, wherein the initial TXOP return frame carries TXOP sharing information that is necessary for the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to reclaim the remainder of the allocated TXOP, and wherein the TXOP sharing information comprises an indicator flag indicating that the one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs intends to return the remainder of the allocated TXOP.11.The method of Claim 1, wherein the establishing of the Co-TDMA procedure further comprises combining the Co-TDMA procedure with one or more spatial reuse techniques.12.The method of Claim 11, wherein the combining of the Co-TDMA procedure with the one or more spatial reuse techniques comprises combining the Co-TDMA procedure with one or more of orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) , coordinated spatial reuse (CSR) , coordinated beamforming (CBF) , or legacy spatial reuse (LSR) .13.The method of Claim 11, wherein the establishing of the Co-TDMA procedure further involves the Co-TDMA coordinating AP transmitting a trigger frame to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs to initiate data transmission, and wherein the trigger frame carries information for the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs to check conditions for the one or more spatial reuse techniques.14.The method of Claim 1, wherein an urgency in serving a low-latency (LL) traffic is indicated by a parameter in a LL Traffic Urgency field of the Co-TDMA ICR, and wherein the Co-TDMA coordinating AP uses the parameter in scheduling the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs for TXOP sharing in an urgency-based order.15.The method of Claim 14, wherein the parameter comprises:a bit indicating a presence of an urgent LL traffic; ortwo bits that allow categorization of the urgent LL traffic such that the categorization allows the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to prioritize the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs based on respective urgencies.16.An apparatus implementable in a first access point (AP) , comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising:establishing, via the transceiver, a coordinated time division multiple access (Co-TDMA) procedure with at least a second AP in a multi-AP coordination (MAPC) system of a plurality of APs comprising a Co-TDMA coordinating AP and one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs; andperforming, via the transceiver, one or more frame exchanges with one or more non-AP stations (STAs) associated with the first AP during a transmission opportunity (TXOP) obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for a primary access category (AC) ,wherein the establishing of the Co-TDMA procedure comprises participating in a polling phase involving:the Co-TDMA coordinating AP transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control frame (ICF) to announce its intention to share a portion of the obtained TXOP; andeach of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs responding to the Co-TDMA ICF by transmitting a Co-TDMA initial control response frame (ICR) ,wherein the primary AC is an AC for which the TXOP is obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP, andwherein the Co-TDMA ICF contains a Primary AC field indicating the primary AC.17.The apparatus of Claim 16, where, responsive to the first AP functioning as one of the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, the one or more frame exchanges with the one or more non-AP STAs involve exchanging one or more frames of a same or higher priority AC compared to that of the primary AC indicated in the Primary AC field of the Co-TDMA ICF during the polling phase.18.The apparatus of Claim 16, wherein the establishing of the Co-TDMA procedure further comprises participating in a MAPC negotiation phase involving:the plurality of APs establishing, closing and tearing down, or updating Co-TDMA agreements; andthe plurality of APs negotiating and exchanging parameters to the Co-TDMA procedure,wherein the Co-TDMA coordinating AP allocates a portion of the obtained TXOP to itself and one or more other portions of the obtained TXOP to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs using allocation rules.19.The apparatus of Claim 18, wherein the allocation rules comprise:tsharing ≤ tthreshold x TXOPduration (AC) ;tshared ≤ TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing; andTXOPduration (AC) ≤ TXOPlimit (AC) ,wherein:TXOPlimit (AC) and TXOPduration (AC) denote a TXOP duration limit and a duration of a TXOP obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP for the primary AC, respectively;the primary AC indicates an AC that wins contention and for which the TXOP is obtained by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP;TXOPduration (AC) does not exceed TXOPlimit (AC) that is advertised by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP to its one or more associated non-AP STAs in an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) Parameter Set element for the primary AC of the obtained TXOP;tsharing and tshared denote an amount of time that is allocated to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs, respectively;tthreshold denotes a portion of the TXOP allocated to the Co-TDMA coordinating AP;the allocation rule of tshared ≤ TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing indicates that the amount of time the Co-TDMA coordinating AP allocates to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs cannot exceed TXOPduration (AC) -tsharing which is a maximum TXOP duration intended for allocation to the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs under consideration by the Co-TDMA coordinating AP during the polling phase.20.The apparatus of Claim 19, wherein the allocation rules further comprise:tmin ≤ tsharing; andtmin ≤ tshared,wherein tmin denotes a minimum amount of time required for each of the Co-TDMA coordinating AP and the one or more Co-TDMA coordinated APs to exchange at least one data frame or management frame with its one or more associated non-APL STAs.