Method for monitoring the condition of a measuring device having a magnetic sensor element, and surplus-energy detection unit and measuring device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the condition of a measuring device (1) comprising a magnetic sensor element (2), in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse-wire sensor element which generates measurement pulses (Is), and comprising an acquisition unit (5) for acquiring the measurement pulses (Is), wherein an amount of energy required for at least partial operation of the acquisition unit (5) is contained in the measurement pulses (Is), wherein surplus energy of the measurement pulses (Is) exceeding the amount of energy required for operation is determined. Instead of temporarily storing all the energy from the measurement pulses in an energy storage device, only the amount of energy required for operation is temporarily stored therein, and the surplus energy that is not required is utilised elsewhere. The invention also relates to a measuring device (1) for determining angular or linear positions or volume flow rates, the measuring device comprising: a magnetic sensor element (2), in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse-wire sensor element; and a surplus-energy detection unit (9) and a surplus-energy processing unit (8).

Description

[0001] 14.01.2026 KS / PW / Mr Our reference 25-13-134

[0002] iC-Haus GmbH

[0003] Am Kuemmerling 18, 55294 Bodenheim

[0004] Method for condition monitoring of a measuring device with a magnetic sensor element as well as energy excess detection unit and measuring device

[0005] The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the condition of a measuring device with a magnetic sensor element, in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse-wire sensor element, which generates measurement pulses, and a detection device for detecting the measurement pulses, wherein an operating energy quantity for the at least partial operation of the detection device is contained in the measurement pulses. The invention further relates to an excess energy detection unit for monitoring the condition of a measuring device with a magnetic sensor element, in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse-wire sensor element. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0006] 2

[0007] The present invention relates to a wire sensor element that generates measurement pulses and a detection device for detecting the measurement pulses, wherein an amount of operating energy for at least partial operation of the detection device is included in the measurement pulses. Finally, the present invention relates to a measuring device for determining angular and linear positions or volumetric flows with a magnetic sensor element and an energy surplus processing unit.

[0008] Measuring devices for determining angular or linear positions or volumetric flow rates are used in many areas of technology and, for example, in industry, medical technology, and similar fields to detect the movements of various objects or volumetric flow rates. Position or length measuring devices can detect rotational and / or translational movements of an object.

[0009] In magnetic position and length measuring devices, it is known to position an excitation magnet, such as a permanent magnet, on the object whose movement is to be detected. To detect the movement of the excitation magnet, the measuring device includes a sensor element. Such a sensor element can be a magnetic sensor element, such as a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse-wire sensor element. Due to the movement of the excitation magnet relative to the sensor element, a spontaneous remagnetization occurs in the sensor element at a specific point in the magnetic field strength. This remagnetization leads to an induced current in an induction coil of the sensor element, the measurement pulse, which can then be detected by a corresponding sensing device. The positioning of the sensor element above the magnetic field source has a significant effect on the resulting measurement pulses.High adjustment accuracy leads to a great deal of effort in manufacturing, whereas 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134.

[0010] 3

[0011] Low adjustment accuracies lead to a reduced efficiency of the measuring device.

[0012] Such magnetic position measuring devices are known, for example, from DE 10 2012 102 308 A1 or DE 10 2014 116 209 A1. In the measuring devices described therein, measurement pulses are detected and evaluated by means of the sensing device and stored in a counter. The operating energy required for the operation of the measuring device is provided by the circuit arrangement itself and is contained, in particular, in the measurement pulses. This allows the measuring device to be used even in safety-critical systems. The measuring device does not require an external power source; it is powered by the measurement pulses themselves. The position of a component can therefore still be measured and stored, for example, in the event of an external power failure of the system, and thus be known when the system is switched back on.

[0013] Problems could arise with this type of measuring device if the measuring pulses did not reliably provide the amount of operating energy required for safe operation. This could be due to various reasons, such as calibration inaccuracies, changing environmental conditions, or aging processes. It is therefore advantageous to dimension the measuring device so that an energy surplus results, meaning that the measuring pulses inherently contain a significantly higher amount of energy than would be required for regular, safe operation. However, in established systems, this energy surplus leads to a voltage increase in the energy storage device, which limits the desirable miniaturization of the structure with regard to the voltage resistance of the components. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0014] 4

[0015] Against this background, the invention aims to achieve and monitor reliable operation of the measuring device.

[0016] The problem is solved by a method of the type mentioned at the outset with the features of claim 1. It is provided that, for the purpose of assessing the state of the system, an energy surplus of the measurement pulses exceeding the operating energy quantity is determined.

[0017] The operating energy quantity includes, in particular, at least the minimum amount of energy required for the operation of at least one part of the recording device. Additionally, the operating energy quantity may include, in particular, a buffer energy quantity that ensures reliable operation. The part of the recording device whose energy requirements are included in the operating energy quantity comprises the functional blocks essential for its basic operation. However, energy-saving modes are conceivable, in which, for example, the surplus energy evaluation is paused in energy-autonomous operating mode. Alternatively or additionally, an external power supply may be provided, by means of which one or more components of the recording device, and in particular an energy surplus processing unit, can be operated in an operating mode with increased energy demand.If the operating energy supply is insufficient for the operation of all components, it may be possible to deactivate one or more components. Therefore, it is not absolutely necessary that all components of the measuring device, and in particular the recording device, are supplied with the operating energy.

[0018] The inventive method enables condition monitoring, which also includes monitoring of components, in particular circuit components. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0019] 5

[0020] Components with lower dielectric strength can be used without losing information about the current state of the measuring device. Furthermore, this approach also makes it possible to reliably determine the excess energy exceeding the operating energy, thus providing information about whether sufficient energy reserves are still available and ensuring safe operation. This allows for a smaller overall setup and, in particular, process optimizations without compromising functionality or energy reserves. Moreover, the requirements for the sensor element itself can be reduced, enabling the use of various sensor elements, including those that provide significantly more energy than would be required for operation in the measuring device.

[0021] An advantageous design in this context provides that only the operating energy is temporarily stored in a primary energy storage device, in particular a capacitor. This eliminates the need to temporarily store the entire energy of the measurement pulse in a single energy storage device. Instead, only the operating energy required for reliable operation needs to be temporarily stored in the primary energy storage device. This makes it possible to manufacture components with lower voltage ratings using a state-of-the-art semiconductor process, which in turn allows for a reduction in the size and chip area of ​​an integrated component.

[0022] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the operating energy quantity is predefined, particularly by means of a limit. The predefined operating energy quantity can also be higher than the minimum energy quantity required for actual operation. (Moreover, 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134)

[0023] 6

[0024] The system can be dimensioned as desired so that the predefined operating energy quantity enables reliable, and in particular energy-autonomous, operation even under unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g., high ambient temperature). Accordingly, a certain buffer can be provided to ensure reliable operation at all times. Any unused residual energy from the operating energy quantity can be dissipated before the next measurement pulse. It is also conceivable that the predefined operating energy quantity corresponds to the minimum energy quantity.

[0025] The following can be achieved by limiting the energy: The energy of the measurement pulses is divided into a predefined and therefore essentially fixed operating energy quantity for safe operation and a variable energy surplus, which is used for condition assessment.

[0026] The limitation can be implemented, for example, by a component itself, such as the primary energy storage device and / or a rectifier unit. The limitation can relate to a voltage and / or a current. It is particularly preferred if the voltage applied to the primary energy storage device, especially the capacitor, is limited. If an integrated circuit is used as a sensing device and as an excess energy detection unit, a limitation to voltage ratings common in standard CMOS processes (e.g., 10 ...

[0027] 3.6V) can be selected.

[0028] A design that is advantageous from a structural point of view provides for the limitation to be implemented via a circuit. For example, a limiting circuit can be provided by means of which the amount of operating energy required for safe operation can be specified. Furthermore, the limitation can be achieved by means of a clamping circuit, in particular a 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0029] 7

[0030] The limiting circuit is integrated into the rectifier. Alternatively or additionally, other limiting circuits can also be used. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the excess energy exceeding the predefined operating energy be redirected and routed to another area of ​​the circuit. There, it can be used for condition monitoring. Here, too, the advantages arise that a lower dielectric strength is required, thus allowing for a further reduction in size. It has proven particularly advantageous if the limiting circuit is located downstream of the rectifier.

[0031] The excess energy can be detected in an excess energy detection unit. With the help of an excess energy detection unit, the excess energy exceeding the operating energy can be easily recorded and subsequently monitored. In this way, it can be determined whether the amount of energy generated is still sufficient for the operation of the measuring device and, in particular, individual components of the measuring device, thus ensuring that the measuring device is still functioning correctly. The information obtained in the excess energy detection unit can provide insight into the condition of the sensor element and thus reduce or prevent malfunctions. The excess energy detection unit can preferably include components that serve to detect and / or limit the excess energy.

[0032] The energy surplus can also be determined via the charge surplus of the measurement pulses, as this is directly related to the energy surplus. Determining the charge surplus is therefore functionally equivalent to other methods of energy surplus determination, since it is based on the same physical principle of electromagnetic induction and provides an equivalent informational quantity. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0033] 8

[0034] can deliver the measurement pulse.

[0035] In this context, it is preferred if the excess detection unit includes an excess detection element by means of which the excess energy exceeding the operating energy quantity can be detected and / or the operating energy quantity can be additionally limited. The excess detection element can, for example, be designed like an operational amplifier which, upon detection of a predefined voltage value, in particular a voltage value associated with the operating energy quantity, generates a control signal that, in turn, allows the current induced in the magnetic sensor element to be at least partially diverted to the excess energy detection unit. In this way, it can be ensured that only the amount of energy required for safe operation is temporarily stored on the primary energy storage device.Therefore, it is no longer necessary to use high-voltage processes; instead, energy-saving modern technologies and, in particular, small structures can be used.

[0036] It is further preferred if the excess energy is diverted to an excess dissipation unit. In the excess dissipation unit, the excess energy can then be further processed. In particular, depending on the application, the excess energy can be consumed, for example, by using it for other areas of the measuring device or by energy dissipation, such as conversion into heat or the like.

[0037] From a design perspective, it is advantageous in this context if the excess discharge unit includes an excess reduction unit, which is configured as an oscillator unit and / or as a secondary energy storage unit. The excess energy can then preferably be reduced in the excess reduction unit. Alternatively or additionally, other configurations are also possible. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0038] 9

[0039] Several configurations are conceivable in which the excess energy is utilized. Preferably, the excess energy exceeding the operating energy quantity can, for example, be converted into counting pulses in the oscillator unit, thus dissipating the excess energy. Alternatively or additionally, the excess energy can also be temporarily stored in a secondary energy storage unit and subsequently dissipated.

[0040] In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the secondary energy storage unit comprises a plurality of secondary energy storage devices, in particular storage capacitors. These can be suitably charged, e.g., sequentially, with the excess energy. In this way, it is possible to use smaller components with lower dielectric strength. This allows the overall design to be further miniaturized and adapted to modern technologies.

[0041] In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the energy surplus be determined in a surplus detection unit. This provides information about how much energy is present in the system in addition to the required operating energy. Subsequent evaluation can then provide information about the condition of the measuring device.

[0042] It has proven advantageous if the excess energy quantity and / or an auxiliary variable including the excess energy quantity is determined, in particular measured, in the surplus determination unit for calculating the energy surplus. For this purpose, current and / or voltage measuring devices can be provided, for example, by means of which the energy surplus, and in particular the excess energy quantity or a corresponding auxiliary variable, can be determined. Alternatively or additionally, the energy surplus determination unit can include a counting unit. - 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0043] 10

[0044] indicate which, for example, can evaluate the clock pulses generated by an oscillator unit of the excess dissipation unit, in particular the excess reduction unit.

[0045] An advantageous embodiment in this context provides that the energy surplus is determined by means of an oscillator unit that specifies a clock frequency and a counter unit that counts the clock cycles, whereby the clock frequency of the oscillator unit can be selected proportionally to the energy input of the surplus dissipation unit. In this way, it is possible to count the excess and thus dissipated energy and thereby obtain information about the energy surplus. In particular, the clock frequency of the oscillator unit can be selected depending on the magnitude of the dissipation current, given a known voltage. For example, a high clock frequency can be specified for the oscillator unit in the case of a high dissipation current, and a low clock frequency in the case of a low dissipation current.

[0046] Alternatively or additionally, the state of charge of the secondary energy storage unit, in particular the voltage applied to the secondary energy storage unit, can be determined. Determining the state of charge of the secondary energy storage unit also provides information about the energy surplus and thus subsequently about the state of the measuring device. The secondary energy storage unit can preferably be designed as a secondary energy storage unit comprising at least one energy storage device. However, it is particularly preferred if the secondary energy storage unit has several secondary energy storage devices among which the energy surplus can be distributed. In this way, the circuit can be further optimized, and components with a low dielectric strength can also be used in this context. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0047] 11

[0048] In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the energy surplus be evaluated in a surplus evaluation unit. The information determined in the energy surplus detection unit can then be evaluated, thus enabling condition monitoring of the current state of the measuring device. In this way, it is possible to obtain information about changes in condition long before a (partial) failure and, if necessary, to implement countermeasures should it become apparent that the measuring device might no longer be able to reach the required amount of operating energy. In this way, impending failures can be detected and prevented at an early stage.

[0049] The excess energy evaluation unit can be designed as part of the excess energy processing unit or independently. In particular, it can be provided that the excess energy evaluation unit is not powered, or only partially powered, by the operating energy, but additionally or entirely by an external power supply. In this respect, it can be provided that the excess energy evaluation unit is supplied by an external energy source as an alternative or in addition to the operating energy. Since it is not absolutely necessary that all components of the detection system be supplied by the operating energy provided by the measurement pulses, it can also be provided, alternatively or additionally, that one or more components of the detection system, and in particular the excess energy processing unit, are operated by an external power supply.Furthermore, it may be provided that if no external power supply is provided or available, one or more components, in particular the excess energy processing unit, such as the excess determination unit, the excess evaluation unit and / or the metering unit, are switched off.

[0050] It has proven advantageous that for the evaluation of the energy data, January 14, 2025, our reference: 25-13-134

[0051] 12

[0052] The excess energy is determined by the discharge current measured in the excess determination unit, in particular the integral of the discharge current over time, and evaluated in the excess evaluation unit. The energy surplus can be determined directly by evaluating the discharge current.

[0053] In this context, it is advantageous if, with a constant voltage across the sensor element, the sensor current flowing from the sensor element is observed and the integral of this current is converted into an equivalent measured quantity. In particular, the energy content can be calculated from the measured integral of the current if the voltage is known. Details of the measurement pulse processing will be explained further below: The sensor current generated in the magnetic sensor element initially flows into the primary energy storage device, specifically as the primary storage current. The voltage at the rectifier or at the primary energy storage device increases until the desired operating energy quantity, and especially the minimum energy quantity, is stored in the primary storage device. The desired operating energy quantity can be an application-specific value, which may depend on several factors, such as the application, the device size, or similar considerations.Whether the desired value has been reached can be monitored, in particular, using the excess detector. Once the target value is reached, the excess discharge unit, and especially the excess current arrester, becomes active and discharges the excess current as a discharge current. The discharge current represents a partial current of the sensor current. The sensor current can thus be split into a primary storage current and a discharge current. In this respect, the energy surplus can be defined as follows:

[0054] Energy surplus E(t): E(t) = ∫0 t U G (t) · I A (t)dt14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0055] 13

[0056] where for constant and known voltage U G (t) = U0:

[0057] rt

[0058] E(t) = U o II A (t)dt

[0059]

[0060] Yes

[0061] I A(t): Leakage current as a function of time

[0062] U G (t): Voltage across the rectifier as a function of time

[0063] For example, if the oscillator unit is designed such that the clock frequency is proportional to the leakage current, the counter reading increases proportionally to the integral of the leakage current. In the alternative or additional implementation, the excess leakage current is diverted to additional secondary energy storage devices, whose state of charge can be measured as a voltage value.

[0064] C: Capacity of the secondary energy storage

[0065] I A (t): Current flowing into the secondary energy storage system as a function of time

[0066] Q C (t): Amount of charge on the secondary energy storage device as a function of time

[0067] UA(t): Voltage between the terminals of the secondary energy storage device as a function of time

[0068] Charge quantity Q

[0069]

[0070] Q C (t) = ∫0 t I A (t)dt = C · U A (t)

[0071] The voltage UA (t) is then also a measure of the excess energy:

[0072] U A (t) = 1 / C • ​​II A (t)dt =

[0073]

[0074] U0· C

[0075] In a further development of the invention, it is further proposed that at least 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0076] 14

[0077] A parameter of the energy surplus is evaluated across multiple measurement pulses. In particular, the average energy yield and / or the range of variation of successive measurement pulses can be evaluated. Such observation of the energy surplus across multiple measurement pulses is advantageous because both properties allow predictions to be made regarding performance under changing operating conditions and / or the aging of the system. The statement "the desired operating energy quantity has been achieved" would be disadvantageous compared to the described condition monitoring, as it would then no longer allow for any statements about the range of variation.

[0078] It is preferred that measures are taken when a threshold for excess energy is undershot and / or when the operating energy level falls below a certain threshold. This ensures reliable operation of the measuring device. Problems and / or defects can be detected early and rectified if necessary. It is therefore no longer necessary to wait for the measuring device to fail in order to obtain information about its current state. This allows for a more robust measuring device with a smaller footprint. In particular, the excess energy can be compared with threshold values, generating comparative signals that can be used for condition assessment.

[0079] In an energy surplus detection unit of the type mentioned above, the task is solved by providing a surplus determination unit to ascertain the energy surplus exceeding the operating energy quantity. The surplus determination unit is selected to match the surplus reduction unit. If secondary energy storage units, such as capacitors, are used as surplus reduction elements, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that determines the voltages across the capacitors is a suitable surplus determination unit. (14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134)

[0080] 15

[0081] If an oscillator unit is used as an excess reduction element, a counting unit that counts the clock cycles of the oscillator unit is suitable as an excess determination unit.

[0082] An advantageous embodiment provides that in the excess energy determination unit, the energy surplus exceeding the operating energy quantity is determined by measuring the total energy quantity of the measurement pulses. This results in the same advantages already described in connection with the method. All features can be used individually or in combination in the energy surplus detection unit as well.

[0083] It is particularly preferred if the total energy quantity is determined and / or evaluated in a detection unit, especially one without a capacitor. The detection unit may preferably comprise a measuring unit and / or a processing unit by means of which the total energy quantity can be determined and / or evaluated. Alternatively or additionally, the total charge quantity can also be evaluated. It is advantageous if the evaluation is performed to determine how much energy was generated in the sensor element and, in particular, what the total energy quantity is. By comparing the required operating energy quantity with the total energy quantity, it can be determined whether safe operation is possible. The detection unit may particularly preferably be a separate unit from the detection unit.Furthermore, it is possible to determine the energy quantity without a capacitor and, in particular, without using the primary energy storage device. This ensures that any residual energy remaining from previous cycles does not distort the measurement result. In this way, safe operation can be guaranteed. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134.

[0084] 16

[0085] Furthermore, an excess discharge unit can be provided to dissipate excess energy. This unit can be designed as an excess detector with an attached excess discharge device. The excess detector can be implemented with an operational amplifier that sends a control signal to the excess discharge device when a set voltage is exceeded, causing the device to dissipate enough energy to prevent the set voltage from being exceeded. The excess discharge device can also be implemented as a controlled current source that discharges the required amount of current based on the control signal from the excess detector. Additionally, the excess discharge device can contain multiple current sources, each directing predefined fractions of the total discharge current to individual excess dissipation elements.This allows for the advantageous integration of both an oscillator unit with an associated excess determination unit and one or more secondary energy storage units.

[0086] The energy surplus detection unit offers the advantages already described in connection with the process. All embodiments of the process can be implemented individually or in combination within a single energy surplus detection unit.

[0087] In an energy surplus processing unit of the type mentioned above, the task is solved by an energy surplus detection unit according to one of the aforementioned configurations and a surplus evaluation unit for evaluating the energy surplus. Here, too, the same advantages arise as previously described.

[0088] All features can also be used individually or alone.

[0089] The excess energy evaluation unit can include a data logger that stores the measured values ​​from the excess energy detection unit. Advantageous-14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0090] 17

[0091] In this way, such a data logger can be powered by the energy of the measurement pulse, so that the function of logging measured values ​​is maintained during operating phases without an external supply voltage.

[0092] The excess energy evaluation unit can include a data processing unit that iteratively updates selected parameters with each measurement pulse based on the current energy excess. Typical parameters can be mean values ​​of the energy excess, outliers of high and / or low energy excess, standard deviations of the energy excess, and / or approximations of such parameters. Advantageously, such a data processing unit can be powered by the energy of the measurement pulse.

[0093] Furthermore, the excess evaluation unit can be designed so that measured values ​​and / or characteristic data can be stored in non-volatile memory. Advantageously, the storage can be carried out using the energy of the measurement pulse.

[0094] The excess power evaluation unit can include, for example, a microprocessor to perform the evaluation. A microprocessor can also be used in addition to a primary data processing unit. For instance, a basic evaluation of the measurement pulses can be performed in the primary data processing unit, while a more complex evaluation takes place in the microprocessor. The more complex evaluation can be deactivated depending on the available operating power. For example, the more complex evaluation can be activated when an external power supply is applied.

[0095] The excess energy evaluation unit can issue an error and / or warning signal as soon as the energy surplus falls below a predefined reference level. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0096] 18

[0097] The limit value is reduced. The reference limit value can be predefined and stored in the excess evaluation unit.

[0098] Furthermore, the excess energy evaluation unit can be designed as part of the recording device and / or the excess energy processing unit. However, configurations are also conceivable in which the excess energy evaluation unit is wholly or partially independent of these units and, in particular, is not supplied, or only partially supplied, by the operating energy quantity, but, for example, by means of an external energy source.

[0099] Finally, in a measuring device of the type mentioned above, the task is solved by an excess energy detection unit or an excess energy processing unit of the type already described. This offers the same advantages as already described in connection with the method or the excess energy detection unit.

[0100] An advantageous embodiment of the measuring device provides that the sensor element comprises a hysteresis element, in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse-wire sensor element, and an induction coil wound around the hysteresis element. The combination of these two elements provides a magnetic sensor element capable of converting the excitation of an excitation magnet into a detection signal.

[0101] A hysteresis element within the meaning of the invention is an element that exhibits a magnetic hysteresis curve similar to that of a ferromagnetic material. Hysteresis elements are preferably used in which, due to a shape or crystal anisotropy, only one magnetic hysteresis curve is present. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0102] 19

[0103] A single Weiss domain, i.e., a single magnetic domain, can form. Such hysteresis elements preferably exhibit a nearly rectangular hysteresis curve. The hysteresis element can be spontaneously remagnetized by the magnetic field of the moving excitation magnet, provided that the magnetic field of the excitation magnet exceeds the coercive field strength of the hysteresis element. In a hysteresis element with a nearly rectangular hysteresis curve, the remagnetization occurs instantaneously and thus independently of the rate of change of the excitation magnet's magnetic field.

[0104] The hysteresis element can advantageously be magnetically coupled to the induction coil, in which a sensor current can be induced when the hysteresis element is remagnetized. Good magnetic coupling can be achieved by winding the induction coil around the hysteresis element.

[0105] A preferred embodiment further provides that the measuring device includes a detection circuit for detecting measurement pulses generated in the sensor element. With such a detection circuit, the measurement pulses induced in the sensor element can be detected and processed. In this way, the detected measurement pulses can serve as counting pulses for the measuring device. These provide information about the current counter value of the measuring device.

[0106] It is further preferred if the sensor element can be remagnetized by an excitation magnet that is movable relative to the sensor element. This remagnetization induces measurement pulses in the induction coil of the sensor element. The remagnetization generates a measurement pulse which can then be detected, thus triggering a counting process. The counter value of the measuring device can be displayed. (14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134)

[0107] 20

[0108] The value is changed and written to a memory of the measuring device. The counter value can then be read by a user.

[0109] Another preferred embodiment provides that the various units and / or the detection circuit are designed as integrated circuits, and in particular as a single integrated circuit. Designing them as integrated circuits reduces the size of the measuring device, and it can be particularly advantageous if the circuits are designed as a single integrated circuit, allowing for a further reduction in size.

[0110] The advantageous embodiments of the measuring device described above can be applied equally to the method as well as to the excess energy detection unit and the excess energy processing unit.

[0111] Further advantages and details will be explained in more detail below using the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. These show:

[0112] Fig. 1a a schematic block diagram of a measuring device,

[0113] Fig. 1b shows a schematic block diagram of another measuring device,

[0114] Fig. 2a shows a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of an energy surplus processing unit,

[0115] Fig. 2b a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of an excess energy processing unit, 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0116] 21

[0117] Fig. 2c shows a schematic block diagram of a third embodiment of an energy surplus processing unit, and

[0118] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of exemplary current and voltage waveforms of the measuring device.

[0119] Fig. 1a shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the measuring device 1 according to the invention, in which the energy surplus processing unit 8 according to the invention is used for condition monitoring of a measuring device 1 with a magnetic sensor element 2.

[0120] The measuring device 1, in particular a rotary encoder or linear encoder, can be used to determine angular or length positions in position measuring devices or to detect volumetric flow rates. Such measuring devices 1 have a magnetic sensor element 2 for detection, as well as a detection unit 14, by means of which the measurement pulses induced in the sensor element 2 can be detected and subsequently evaluated, counted and / or displayed.

[0121] When measurement pulses are detected by the detection unit 14, a detection signal is generated, which can be fed to a counter of the detection unit 14, preferably designed as a non-volatile memory. The counter can also be connected to the detection unit 14. The number of detected measurement pulses can be counted using the counter. The counter can then be read by a user via an output circuit (not shown) so that the user can obtain information about the current status of the measuring device 1. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0122] 22

[0123] In addition to the detection unit 14 and the sensor element 2, the measuring device 1 includes an excitation magnet 13, which can be designed as a permanent magnet. To detect the movement of an object (not shown in detail), the excitation magnet 13 is attached to the object itself and moves with it. (See Fig. 1.)

[0124] Figure 1 illustrates an angle measurement application, in which the excitation magnet 13 can be mounted about a rotational axis R. The sensor element 2 is arranged in close proximity to the excitation magnet 13, and the movements of the excitation magnet 13 generate measurement pulses in the sensor element 2. These pulses can then be converted into a digital signal by the detection unit 14. The sensor element 2 is a magnetic, specifically ferromagnetic, sensor element 2. Therefore, the sensor element 2 essentially consists of a hysteresis element 3 and an induction coil 4 surrounding the hysteresis element 3.

[0125] The hysteresis element 3 can be alternately remagnetized by the rotational movement of the excitation magnet 13. The magnetic hysteresis element 3 can be designed, for example, as a Wiegand sensor element or as a pulse-wire sensor element, which is penetrated by the magnetic field H of the excitation magnet 13. Such hysteresis elements 3 have the advantage that they exhibit a substantially rectangular hysteresis curve, resulting in two distinct discontinuities. When the coercive field strength of the hysteresis element 3 is exceeded, a sudden remagnetization of the hysteresis element 3 occurs, which generates measurement pulses in the induction coil 4, which are then detected by the detection unit 14.

[0126] The measuring device 1 of the schematically shown embodiment is a position measuring device 1 in which the magnetization reversal occurs with every half rotation of the excitation magnet 13. For example, a rotating diametral magnet 13 can be used to measure a position. (14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134)

[0127] 23

[0128] A measurement pulse is generated that repeats every 180°. The resolution can be refined by using additional pole pairs.

[0129] The second component of the sensor element 2 is an induction coil 4 wound around the hysteresis element 3. The remagnetization of the hysteresis element 3 induces a measurement pulse in the induction coil 4, which can be detected and processed by the detection unit 14. The hysteresis element 3 and the induction coil 4 are arranged such that good magnetic coupling between the two elements 3 and 4 is achieved.

[0130] As can be further seen in Fig. 1a, the sensor element 2 can be connected to a detection device 5 at terminals S1 and S2. In the present embodiment, the detection device 5 comprises, on the one hand, the detection unit 14, which detects the measurement pulses for position determination, and, on the other hand, further components such as a rectifier 7, a primary energy storage unit 6, and an excess energy processing unit 8. The detection unit 14 can also be connected to terminals E1 and E2 at terminals D1 and D2. In this respect, limiting the maximum voltage at the rectifier also leads to a limitation in the detection unit 14.

[0131] The following section will discuss individual units of the energy surplus processing unit 8. As can be seen in Fig. 1a, the measurement pulses generated by the sensor element 2 are fed to a rectifier 7. This also serves to unify the different polarities of the measurement pulses. In the present embodiment, the rectifier 7 is not designed using a high-voltage process, resulting in a lower dielectric strength and a smaller component size. However, this in turn leads to the following: 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0132] 24

[0133] The voltage drop UG across rectifier 7 is limited. Nevertheless, the system tolerates an energy surplus, which provides information about the current state of the measuring device 1. From a technical perspective, this is advantageous because the requirements for the sensor element 2 can now be reduced: various sensor elements 2 may be used, including those that provide significantly more energy than is needed in the system. This is not the case in established systems, because as the charge level of the primary energy storage device 6 increases, the voltage rises, and thus, above a certain charge level, even in higher-blocking processes, the voltage withstand capability of the connected detection device 5 is exceeded.

[0134] The measuring pulses themselves provide an amount of operating energy for the reliable operation of at least part of the detection device 5, with this operating energy being contained within the measuring pulses. This method of providing the operating energy from the measuring pulses themselves is generally referred to as energy harvesting. Energy harvesting is particularly advantageous in applications where position changes are possible when the device is not powered.

[0135] Ideally, all components of the detection device 5 should be powered by the operating energy. However, it is quite possible that a sensor element 2 is to be used in a measuring device 1 whose measuring pulses do not contain sufficient energy to power all components of the detection device 5 using the operating energy provided by the measuring pulses. Therefore, as an alternative or additional measure, it is possible for one or more components of the detection device 5, and in particular the energy surplus processing unit 8, to be operated via an external power supply. Specifically, it may be provided that the 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0136] 25

[0137] The excess energy evaluation unit 12 is supplied alternatively or additionally to the operating energy via an external energy source (not shown in detail). Furthermore, it may be provided that if no external energy supply is provided or available and the operating energy required is insufficient for the operation of all components, one or more components of the excess energy processing unit 8 are deactivated, such as the excess determination unit 11, the excess evaluation unit 12, and / or the counting unit 17.

[0138] In order to obtain information about the condition, and in particular for condition monitoring, of the measuring device 1, the invention provides that any energy surplus of the measurement pulses exceeding the operating energy quantity is determined. For this purpose, the operating energy quantity required for operation is temporarily stored in a primary energy storage device 6, in particular a capacitor. Instead of temporarily storing the entire energy of the measurement pulse in an energy storage device, a minimum amount of energy is temporarily stored in this primary energy storage device 6, and the unused surplus is utilized elsewhere. The minimum amount of energy is the amount of energy that enables at least energy-autonomous signal processing in the system, with a certain buffer advantageously being provided as well.The amount of excess energy, or an auxiliary quantity from which the excess energy can be calculated, is measured and available for evaluating the energy harvesting system. This ensures reliable operation of the measuring device 1.

[0139] By specifying the desired operating energy quantity, the maximum required voltage on the primary energy storage device 6 is known, so that the voltage withstand capability of the connected components can be selected appropriately. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0140] 26

[0141] This is advantageous compared to the state of the art, as the excess energy required for safe operation no longer needs to be considered when determining the dielectric strength. Reduced dielectric strength requirements generally also lead to a reduction in the size or chip area of ​​an integrated component.

[0142] A further embodiment of the measuring device 1 is shown in Fig. 1b. In contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1a, an additional resistor RM is provided here, which is arranged between the sensor element 2 and the rectifier 7. Otherwise, the statements made with regard to Fig. 1a apply equally. With regard to the design of Fig. 1a, it can also be assumed that the resistor RM, and thus the voltage drop UR across it, is set to zero and is therefore eliminated from the circuit design. In this case, the measuring unit 21 can also be omitted.

[0143] The following section will describe in detail the configuration shown in Fig. 1b. The total energy is determined from the total charge of the measurement pulses, as these are directly related.

[0144] Such a circuit arrangement 1 has proven advantageous when the total charge quantity of the measuring pulses is to be determined. In this case, the excess energy exceeding the operating energy quantity can be determined by calculating the total charge quantity of the measuring pulses.

[0145] By determining the total charge of each measurement pulse generated by sensor element 2, it is possible to ascertain how much energy is available at the input of circuit 1. The excess energy can then be calculated, in particular by subtracting the operating energy, and especially the energy required for operation. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0146] 27

[0147] The required minimum energy quantity is determined from the total energy quantity. By evaluating the total charge quantity, it is then possible to easily deduce the other energy quantities present in the system and thus gain information about the state of measuring device 1.

[0148] Especially when the operating energy quantity is predefined, particularly by a limitation, such a measuring device offers advantages. In this case, the operating energy quantity can be assumed to be known, so that the energy surplus can be easily deduced from the total charge quantity.

[0149] From a metrological perspective, the total charge quantity can be determined as follows: To determine the total charge quantity of the measurement pulses, the voltage across a resistor RM is measured. The voltage UR thus measured allows for a simple deduction of the sensor current Is and therefore also the total charge quantity. To determine the sensor current Is, the voltage UR across the measuring resistor RM can be measured and evaluated. Knowing the resistance value of the resistor RM, the sensor current Is can be calculated from the measured voltage UR. Integrating such a resistor RM represents a simple solution.

[0150] Since the total energy and charge of the measurement pulses are directly related, it is also possible to determine the total energy. For example, the sensor current Is can be continuously measured and the integral calculated over these measurements. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable to measure the sensor current Is at sufficiently short intervals using many individual measurements and to sum the measurements. (14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134)

[0151] 28

[0152] to obtain a sufficiently good approximation of the integral over the sensor current Is.

[0153] To determine the voltage drop UR across the resistor RM, and thus indirectly the sensor current Is, a measuring unit 21 can be provided by means of which this data can be determined and evaluated. For this purpose, an additional measuring unit 21 can be provided, which is connected in parallel to the resistor RM and connected to the terminals S1 and S3. The measuring unit 21 can also be part of the sensing device 5, the detection unit 14, the excess energy processing unit 8, or the excess energy detection unit 9, or it can be configured as a standalone circuit.

[0154] As can be seen in Fig. 1b, the resistor RM is arranged, for example, between the sensor element 2 and the other circuit components, in particular the primary energy storage device 6 and / or the rectifier 7. This ensures that, for the calculation of the total energy or charge, essentially the entire sensor current Is is considered, and that no losses and / or residual energy are erroneously included in the determination and evaluation. This allows for high accuracy. To determine the total charge of the measurement pulses, the sensor current Is can be measured, in particular continuously, and the integral of the sensor current Is over time can be evaluated.

[0155] Here too, excess energy from the measurement pulses can be diverted to the excess discharge unit 10. However, it is not absolutely necessary that the excess energy be diverted to the excess discharge unit and, in particular, dissipated there. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0156] 29

[0157] To determine the amount of energy exceeding the operating energy quantity, and in particular the energy surplus exceeding the operating quantity, this is determined in an energy surplus processing unit 8. This energy surplus processing unit 8 will be discussed in more detail below:

[0158] Figures 2a to 2c show various configurations of corresponding excess energy processing units 8. A discharge current IA, which represents a partial current of the sensor current Is, in particular the measuring pulse, is fed into the excess energy processing unit 8. The sensor current Is consists in particular of the current IPC discharged into the primary energy storage device and the discharge current IA.

[0159] For example, Fig. 2a shows a first embodiment in which the excess energy is diverted to the excess energy processing unit 8. An excess detector 18.1, which can detect the fill level of the primary energy storage, can determine whether there is any excess energy exceeding the operating energy quantity. If this detection provides a positive signal, it is ensured that the excess energy is diverted by means of an excess drain 18.2 and subsequently processed further. The excess detector 18.1 and the excess drain 18.2 are part of an excess discharge unit 10, into which the excess energy is diverted. The discharge current IAI then flows from the excess drain 18.2 into an excess reduction unit 16.1, in which the excess energy can be reduced.In this case, the partial leakage current IAI essentially corresponds to the leakage current IA. In the embodiment according to Fig. 2a, the excess reduction unit 16.1, which is also part of the excess discharge unit 10, is designed as an oscillator circuit in which the excess energy is reduced by a counting process. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134.

[0160] 30

[0161] The energy dissipated in the excess reduction unit 16.1 can then be determined in an excess determination unit 11. For this purpose, a counting unit 17 can be provided, for example, which can count the pulses generated by the oscillator circuit of the excess reduction unit 16.1. The pulses counted in this way can then be used as an auxiliary variable and directly correlated with the energy excess, for example, and evaluated in the excess evaluation unit 12.

[0162] As the figures further illustrate, the excess evaluation unit 12 in the present example is not designed as part of the excess energy processing unit 8 or the recording device 5. In this case, the excess evaluation unit 12 can be operated wholly or partially, in particular in addition to the operating energy, by means of an external power supply. However, as is meant to be clarified by the dashed line, configurations are also conceivable in which the excess evaluation unit 12 is wholly or partially part of the excess energy processing unit 8 or the recording device 5. In this case, these components can also be operated wholly or partially by means of the operating energy and / or an external power source.

[0163] An alternative embodiment of the excess energy processing unit 8 is shown in Fig. 2b. Instead of the oscillator unit of the excess energy reduction unit 16.1, in this example a secondary energy storage unit 20 is provided in the excess energy reduction unit 16.2, which has at least one secondary storage device C1, preferably several secondary energy storage devices C1 to CN. In this case, several discharge currents IAI, IA2 are generated in the excess discharge current 18.2, which are then each directed to the associated 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0164] 31

[0165] Secondary energy storage C1 and C2 are derived. The total derivation current IA corresponds to the sum of the individual currents IAI and IA2.

[0166] The excess determination unit 11 of the second embodiment again comprises measuring devices M1 to MN, which can evaluate the charge of the secondary energy storage devices C1 to CN, e.g., via a voltage measurement, as an auxiliary variable for the energy excess. The charge and / or voltage value thus measured can then be made available to the excess evaluation unit 12 and evaluated there.

[0167] A third embodiment is shown in Fig. 2c, which represents a combination of embodiments 2a and 2b. In this case, the excess discharge unit 10 consists of both an excess reduction unit 16.1 designed as an oscillator circuit and an excess reduction unit 16.2 comprising a secondary energy storage unit 20. Here, too, the excess energy is divided by means of the excess energy arrester 18.2 and supplied to the individual units 16.1 and 16.2. The excess energy is again determined in the excess energy determination unit 11, which in this case can comprise a combination of a counting unit 17 and measuring devices M1 to MN. Preferably, the excess energy arrester 18.2 is designed such that a fixed proportion of the excess energy is fed into unit 16.1, so that the evaluation in the counting unit 17 is sufficient for excess energy determination and the measuring devices M1 to MN can be dispensed with.Here too, the signals generated in this way can be fed to the excess evaluation unit 12 for the evaluation of the energy surplus.

[0168] As can be seen by way of example in Figures 2a and 2b, in addition to the described components, further optional surplus consumers 19 can be provided, which can serve to further consume the surplus energy. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0169] 32

[0170] Figure 3 shows five exemplary waveforms of currents or voltages that occur in the measuring device 1. The sensor current Is, which is induced in the induction coil 4 and flows into the detection device 5, is shown at the top. This current Is represents the actual measuring pulse. The sensor current Is is thus determined by the magnetic sensor element 2.

[0171] The diagram below shows the voltage drop UG across the rectifier 7 or the primary energy storage device 6, where it can be seen that this voltage is limited by predefined guideline values, in this example at 3 volts. This limit is determined by the excess detector 18.1, as will be described later.

[0172] As described in detail above, a current IPC is first directed to a primary energy storage device 6. The operating energy quantity is reached as soon as this primary energy storage device 6 is charged to the specified limit, in this example 3V. Subsequently, the excess energy exceeding the operating energy quantity is discharged into the excess current arrester 18.2 in the form of the discharge current IA. By specifying values ​​such as the size of the primary energy storage device, the primary energy storage current IPC, and / or the permissible total voltage UG at the rectifier 7 and / or at the primary energy storage device 6, a corresponding limit can be imposed, and in particular, it can be determined from which point a discharge current IA is discharged into the excess energy processing unit 8. This discharge current IA is shown in the penultimate curve.It can be seen that a discharge current IA continues to flow over a period of time, which represents an auxiliary variable for the energy surplus. Accurate condition monitoring is possible through the recording and evaluation of the discharge current IA. If several surplus reduction units 16.1, 16.2 are provided, as is the case on January 14, 2025, our reference: 25-13-134.

[0173] 33

[0174] As described in Fig. 2c, two partial leakage currents IAI and IA2 result, which ultimately represent the total leakage current IA.

[0175] Finally, the lowest voltage curve shows the capacitor voltage Use, which occurs when the leakage current IA is diverted into an excess reduction unit 16.2 designed as a secondary storage unit 20.

[0176] The sequence of individual steps will be briefly summarized below in connection with Fig. 3:

[0177] As can be seen from the current and voltage waveforms, the sensor current Is is initially zero. If a measurement pulse is generated by the sensor element 2 at time T1, the sensor current Is of the measurement pulse increases. This, in turn, causes the primary energy storage device 6 to charge, and the voltage UG increases until the primary energy storage device 6 is charged to a predetermined charge level, which corresponds to the predefined operating energy quantity. This occurs at time T2.

[0178] The predefinition of the operating energy quantity is achieved by limiting the voltage UG at the primary energy storage device 6 to a predetermined value.

[0179] The excess detector 18.1 detects when the specified voltage UG at the primary energy storage unit 6, and thus the operating energy quantity in the primary energy storage unit 6, is reached. The excess detector 18.1 outputs a signal indicating that the excess current arrester 18.2 should become active and discharge the discharge current IA. Consequently, the current IPC through the primary energy storage unit 6 drops to zero, so that the primary energy storage unit can no longer operate. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0180] 34

[0181] The system is charged, and the leakage current IA increases accordingly. The leakage current IA can then be directed into one excess reduction unit 16.1, 16.2 (Fig. 2a and 2b) or several excess reduction units 16.1 and 16.2 (Fig. 2c), resulting in the partial leakage currents IAI and IA2, which together form the leakage current IA.

[0182] If a surplus reduction unit 16.2 designed as a secondary storage unit 20 is provided (Fig. 2b and 2c), the secondary energy storage units C1 to CN located there are charged according to the voltage profile Use shown.

[0183] At time T3, the current Is of the measurement pulse drops again until the measurement pulse is complete. Subsequently, the operating energy stored in the primary energy storage device 6 can be used to operate the detection device 5 for acquiring the measurement pulse, causing the voltage across the primary energy storage device 6 to decrease again (not shown) until the acquisition of the measurement pulses is finished. Any remaining unused energy in the primary energy storage device 6 could then be discharged, causing the voltage UG to drop back to zero. Alternatively, the remaining energy could also be stored in the primary energy storage device 6.

[0184] Alternatively or additionally, the energy surplus can also be determined indirectly via the charge surplus of the measurement pulses, since this is directly related to the energy surplus. Therefore, measuring the energy surplus and the charge surplus generated by the measurement pulses can be considered technically equivalent methods.

[0185] This process can then be repeated for each measurement pulse, thus providing information about the current state of measuring device 1. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0186] 35

[0187] The innovation of the proposed method encompasses a monitoring procedure and its advantages. Instead of temporarily storing the entire energy of the measurement pulses on an energy storage device, only an operating energy quantity is temporarily stored, and the unused surplus is utilized elsewhere. The operating energy quantity can be selected to ensure reliable, energy-autonomous signal processing within the system. The energy contained in the surplus, or an auxiliary quantity from which the surplus energy can be calculated, is measured and available for system evaluation. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0188] 36

[0189] Reference symbol:

[0190] 1 Position measuring device

[0191] 2 Sensor element

[0192] 3 Magnetic Hysteresis Element

[0193] 4 induction coil

[0194] 5. Data collection device

[0195] 6 Primary energy storage

[0196] 7 rectifiers

[0197] 8 Energy surplus processing unit

[0198] 9 Energy Excess Detection Unit

[0199] 10 Excess Discharge Unit

[0200] 11 Surplus Determination Unit

[0201] 12 surplus evaluation units

[0202] 13 Excitation magnet

[0203] 14 Detection unit

[0204] 15 Masse

[0205] 16.1 Excess reduction unit with oscillator circuit 16.2 Excess reduction unit with secondary storage unit 17 Counting unit

[0206] 18.1 Excess Detector

[0207] 18.2 Excess discharger

[0208] 19 optional excess consumers

[0209] 20 Secondary energy storage units

[0210] 21 Investigation Unit

[0211] R axis of rotation

[0212] H Magnetic field

[0213] USC capacitor voltage at the secondary energy storage unit is sensor current

[0214] UG Rectifier Voltage 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134

[0215] 37

[0216] UR resistance voltage RM resistance

[0217] IPC Primary Storage Current

[0218] IA derivation current

[0219] IAI, IA2 partial leakage current

[0220] C1 - CN Secondary storage elements M1 - MN Measuring units

[0221] E1, E2 connection terminals S1, S2, S3 connection terminals

[0222] D1, D2 connection terminals

[0223] T1, T2, T3 Time Points

Claims

January 14, 2025 Our reference: 25-13-134 38 Patent claims:

1. Method for monitoring the condition of a measuring device (1) with a magnetic sensor element (2), in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse wire sensor element that generates measuring pulses, and a detection device (5) for detecting the measuring pulses (Is), wherein an amount of operating energy for the at least partial operation of the detection device (5) is contained in the measuring pulses (Is), dadu rc hge ke nnz ei chnet, that an energy surplus of the measurement pulses exceeding the operating energy quantity is determined.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of operating energy is temporarily stored in a primary energy storage device (6), in particular a capacitor.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of operating energy is predefined.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the amount of operating energy is limited by circuit technology.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy surplus is determined in an energy surplus detection unit (9).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excess energy is diverted into an excess discharge unit (10). 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134 39 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the excess discharge unit (10) has an excess reduction unit (16.1, 16.2) which is designed as an oscillator unit (16.1) and / or as a secondary energy storage unit (16.2).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy surplus is determined in a surplus determination unit (11), wherein, for the purpose of determining the energy surplus, the amount of surplus energy and / or an auxiliary quantity including the amount of surplus energy is determined, in particular measured.

9. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the state of charge of the secondary energy storage unit (20), in particular the voltage (Uc) applied to the secondary energy storage unit 20), is determined.

10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the energy surplus is determined by means of an oscillator unit (16.1) specifying a clock frequency and a counting unit (17) counting the clocks, wherein the clock frequency of the oscillator unit (16.1) is proportional to the discharge current (IA) of the surplus discharge unit (10).

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy surplus is evaluated in a surplus evaluation unit (12), wherein, for the evaluation of the energy surplus, a discharge current (IA) determined in the surplus determination unit (11), in particular the integral of the discharge current (IA) over time, is evaluated. 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134 40 12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excess energy exceeding the operating energy quantity is determined by determining the total energy quantity of the measuring pulses.

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the voltage (UR) across a resistance (RM) is measured to determine the total energy of the measuring pulses.

14. Method according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the resistor (RM) is arranged upstream between the sensor element (2) and the further circuit components, in particular a primary energy storage device (6) and / or rectifier (7).

15. Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that, to determine the total charge quantity of the measuring pulses, the sensor current (Is) is determined, in particular continuously, and the integral of the sensor current (Is) over time is evaluated.

16. Method according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that an excess energy of the measuring pulses is diverted into an excess diversion unit (10).

17. Energy surplus detection unit for condition monitoring of a measuring device (1) with a magnetic sensor element (2), in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulse-wire sensor element, which generates measurement pulses, and a detection device (5) for detecting the measurement pulses, wherein an operating energy quantity for the at least partial operation of the detection device (5) is contained in the measurement pulses, 14.01.2025 Our reference: 25-13-134 41 characterized by a surplus determination unit (11) for determining an energy surplus exceeding the operating energy quantity.

18. Energy surplus detection unit according to claim 17, characterized in that in the surplus determination unit (11) the energy surplus exceeding the operating energy quantity is determined by determining the total energy quantity of the measuring pulses.

19. Energy surplus detection unit according to claim 18, characterized in that the total amount of energy is determined and / or evaluated in a detection unit (21), in particular without a capacitor.

20. Energy excess detection unit according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized by an excess discharge unit (10) for discharging the energy excess.

21. Energy surplus processing unit, characterized by an energy surplus detection unit (9) according to one of claims 17 to 20 and an surplus evaluation unit (12) for evaluating the energy surplus.

22. Measuring device for determining angular or linear positions or volumetric flow rates, comprising a magnetic sensor element (2), in particular a Wiegand sensor element or a pulsed wire sensor element generating measurement pulses, and a detection device (5) for detecting the measurement pulses, wherein an operating energy quantity for the operation of the detection device (5) is contained in the measurement pulses, characterized by an excess energy detection unit (9) according to one of claims 17 to 20 or an excess energy processing unit (8) according to claim 21.

Images