Method for operating a vehicle energy system

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a vehicle energy system (100) having a fuel-cell system (104) with a plurality of fuel-cell stacks (106) and having at least one energy storage device (110) for storing electrical energy. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring information relating to the vehicle energy system; creating a list of objective functions for operating the vehicle energy system; determining a relevance (Ri) of the objective functions for a predetermined number of sections (Zni) of a vehicle trajectory on the basis of the acquired information; weighting the relevance (Ri) of the objective functions for the predetermined number of sections (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory; determining an operating strategy for operating the vehicle energy system (100) with the fuel-cell system (102) on the basis of a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance (Wi[Zn]) of the objective functions for the predetermined number of sections (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory; and operating the vehicle energy system (100) with the fuel-cell system (104) in accordance with the determined operating strategy in the sections (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory.

Description

[0001] R.417019

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[0003] Description

[0004] title

[0005] Procedures for operating a

[0006]

[0007] State of the art

[0008] Hydrogen-based fuel cell systems are considered a mobility concept of the future, as they emit only water as exhaust gas and enable rapid refueling. Fuel cell systems require air and hydrogen for the chemical reaction. The only reaction product is water, which is released in varying proportions as a gas and a liquid. The water is produced at the catalyst layer on one side of the cathode and transported by a gas diffusion layer (GDL) towards the respective gas flow channels.

[0009] Such a fuel cell system can be integrated into or interact with a vehicle energy system. In addition to the fuel cell system, such a vehicle energy system includes an energy storage device, such as a battery, and can interact with a vehicle drive system, such as an electric motor.

[0010] An operating strategy for a fuel cell system can optimize several requirements simultaneously, for example minimizing hydrogen consumption and system aging at the same time.

[0011] Despite the advantages of the state-of-the-art methods for operating vehicle energy systems with a fuel cell system, these still contain potential for improvement. Operating strategies that use an optimization algorithm to determine operating states in fuel cell systems based on R.417019

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[0013] Controlling multiple objective functions, such as a synthetic efficiency function or a cost function, is classically based on a static, predefined prioritization or weighting. A static prioritization or weighting of objective functions does not optimally address the diverse requirements of driving conditions. For example, during a system warm-up phase, it is particularly important to be able to reach full load quickly, even if this results in increased fuel consumption or accelerated aging. Another example is the consideration of start-stop processes, which is only relevant during low-load phases.

[0014] Disclosure of the invention

[0015] Within the scope of the present invention, a method for operating a vehicle energy system with a fuel cell system comprising multiple fuel cell stacks and at least one energy storage device for storing electrical energy, a vehicle energy system, a motor vehicle, and a computer program product are proposed, which largely avoid the disadvantages of known methods for operating a vehicle energy system, a motor vehicle, and a computer program product, and which, in particular depending on available information, determine an ideal prioritization (and, if necessary, weighting) of objective functions for optimization-based fuel cell system operating strategies.

[0016] An inventive method for operating a vehicle energy system with a fuel cell system having multiple fuel cell stacks and with at least one energy storage device for storing electrical energy comprises the following steps, wherein individual or all steps can be repeated:

[0017] Gathering information regarding the vehicle's energy system, creating a list of objective functions for operating the vehicle's energy system,

[0018] Determining the relevance of the objective functions for a predetermined number of segments of a vehicle trajectory depending on the acquired information, R.417019

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[0020] Weighting the relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory,

[0021] Determining an operating strategy for operating the vehicle energy system with the fuel cell system based on a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of sections of the vehicle trajectory, and operating the vehicle energy system with the fuel cell system according to the determined operating strategy in the sections of the vehicle trajectory.

[0022] This method thus simplifies the optimization problem of the operating strategy. Not all objective functions are relevant in the current driving state, and their evaluations can be completely disregarded, which is implemented within the method. This makes the optimization problem leaner and easier to solve. Ensuring real-time capability of the optimization is also simplified. This further reduces energy consumption due to lower computing power and / or creates the possibility of temporarily executing other processes that require high computing power, such as intermittent diagnostics. Considering special objective functions, such as short warm-up times, which are only relevant in specific cases, can offer direct added value in these situations.Furthermore, the situation-dependent dynamic reweighting of objective functions allows for a tailoring of the overall strategy that better meets requirements and KPIs than a statically defined one, which always represents a compromise.

[0023] The information can include at least one and preferably several pieces of information selected from the group consisting of current and / or predicted values ​​of: ambient temperature, ambient humidity, ambient pressure, fuel cell stack conditions, energy storage state of charge, energy storage temperature, fuel cell stack aging state, battery aging state, drive system aging state, component aging state, trailer load, predicted future power demand of the electric machines, driving speed, R.417019

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[0025] Road gradient, history of operating conditions. Such inputs allow for reliable planning of the target functions.

[0026] The objective functions can include at least one, and preferably several, selected from the following group: consumption, aging mechanisms of the fuel cell system, aging mechanisms for the energy storage system, dynamics, start times, stop times, warm-up, fastest possible cool-down, runtime balancing, and temperature maintenance. These are important objective functions that must be prioritized so that their prioritization allows for optimization of the operating strategy.

[0027] The vehicle trajectory segments can include distance segments and / or time segments of a vehicle's route. This allows both spatial and temporal aspects of a route to be considered for optimizing the operating strategy.

[0028] The sections can be discrete or continuous. Therefore, the optimization of the operating strategy can be implemented for individual discrete sections or continuously.

[0029] The predetermined proportion of weighted relevance can include a predetermined weighting value for the weighted relevance or a predetermined threshold for the weighted relevance. This allows, for example, more important objective functions to be considered while less important ones are neglected, or only those exceeding a relevance threshold are included.

[0030] The weighting of the relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of vehicle trajectory segments can be achieved using at least one predetermined function or at least one predetermined table. The relationship between the weighted relevance and the segments can be implemented in various ways, i.e., using any function, such as linear, quadratic, or similar, or via pre-designed tables.

[0031] Determining the operating strategy for operating the vehicle energy system with the fuel cell system can be based on a predetermined R.417019

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[0033] The weighted relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of vehicle trajectory segments is determined using at least one quality function. The method is preferably implemented such that a weight of zero results in the corresponding functions and data not being evaluated or calculated.

[0034] The procedure can further include blending the weighted relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of vehicle trajectory segments during transitions between these segments or when the objective functions change. This prevents abrupt changes in the performance function and ensures robustness.

[0035] Furthermore, a vehicle energy system is proposed comprising a fuel cell system with multiple fuel cell stacks, at least one energy storage device, and at least one control unit. The control unit is configured to perform a method according to one of the embodiments described above or below.

[0036] Furthermore, a motor vehicle is proposed that incorporates such a vehicle energy system.

[0037] The control unit can comprise an objective function prioritization module and an operational management module, wherein the objective function prioritization module is configured to determine, based on a given vehicle trajectory, the relevance of objective functions for a predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory, depending on the acquired information, and to determine weights of the relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory, wherein the operational management module is configured to determine an operating strategy for operating the fuel cell system based on a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory and to operate the fuel cell system according to the determined operating strategy in the segments of the vehicle trajectory.

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[0039] The control unit may further include a driving state estimation module, wherein the driving state estimation module is configured to supply predicted driving state data to the objective function prioritization module, wherein the objective function prioritization module is configured to consider the predicted driving state data for creating the list of objective functions for operating the vehicle energy system.

[0040] Finally, a computer program product is proposed with program code means which, when the computer program product is executed on a computer, configure the computer to perform a method according to one of the embodiments described above or below.

[0041] The proposed computer program product could be, for example, a file to be downloaded from a server or a data carrier, such as a CD-ROM or a USB stick.

[0042] The advantages which have been described in detail with regard to the operating method for operating a fuel cell system according to the invention apply equally to the vehicle according to the invention and to the computer program product according to the invention.

[0043] Within the scope of the present invention, a fuel cell system can be understood to be a system comprising at least one fuel cell stack, at least one anode path comprising an anode, an anode gas supply line and an anode gas return line, at least one cathode path comprising a cathode, a cathode gas supply line and a cathode gas return line, at least one thermal system comprising a radiator, a sensor unit for acquiring data to determine the performance of the fuel cell system, a processing unit for determining the performance of the fuel cell system, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to regulate the operation of the fuel cell system or the fuel cell stack. A fuel cell stack comprises at least two fuel cells, preferably at least 10 fuel cells, and more preferably at least 100 fuel cells.

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[0045] A fuel cell consists of electrodes with an electrolyte (ion conductor) between them. The electrodes are the anode and cathode, as mentioned previously. The electrolyte can be a liquid, such as alkalis or acids, or molten alkali carbonate. In high-temperature fuel cells, a solid is used as the electrolyte, such as ion-conducting ceramic, which then forms a solid electrolyte. Membranes are also used. These are semipermeable membranes that are only permeable to one type of ion, e.g., protons. A membrane can also separate two different liquid electrolytes. The energy is supplied by a reaction of oxygen with the fuel. This is often hydrogen, but organic compounds such as methane or methanol are also used. Both reactants are continuously supplied via the electrodes.The fuel cell system may further comprise a housing in which the at least one fuel cell stack is accommodated. The fuel cell system may further comprise a control unit for activating a device for the targeted adjustment of the water loading of a membrane of the fuel cell system, as well as a device for the targeted adjustment of the water loading of a membrane of the fuel cell system.

[0046] The fuel cell system has several subsystems, such as the anode subsystem, which includes the anode path and one or more hydrogen tanks, the cathode subsystem, which includes the cathode path, an air compressor and a humidifier, the electrical subsystem, which includes electrical components such as electrical connections, and the thermal system, which includes heating, cooling system, coolant, coolant pump and fan or ventilator.

[0047] Within the scope of the present invention, a vehicle energy system can be understood to be a system comprising at least one fuel cell system and at least one energy storage device, such as a battery. R.417019

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[0049] Within the scope of the present invention, an objective function can be understood as a mathematical formulation that uses variables to describe the goal to be achieved during optimization. The objective function is then either minimized or maximized. In many cases, one-dimensional objective functions are formulated, defined, for example, by costs, revenues, sales, or capacity utilization. In route planning, an objective function might, for example, require minimizing the distance traveled, the sum of travel times, the maximum travel time, or the number of vehicles used. These are sometimes competing goals: minimizing the distance traveled often conflicts with minimizing the number of vehicles used. Similarly, when dealing with time window problems, the shortest route is not achieved if the goal is to minimize the tour duration (instead of waiting, for example, you could...).Taking detours to save time). When several goals are pursued simultaneously, this is referred to as multi-criteria optimization. An example of this is achieving, for instance, that all sales employees work approximately the same amount of time while simultaneously ensuring that the potential revenue per employee is also equal. The objective functions within the scope of the present invention can include consumption, aging mechanisms for the fuel cell system, aging mechanisms for the energy storage system, dynamics, start times, stop times, warm-up, fastest possible cool-down, runtime balancing, and temperature maintenance. Regarding aging mechanisms, only those relevant to the respective driving segment can be selected for the fuel cell system and / or the energy storage system, such as start-stop, avoiding high voltage levels (OCV), pressure cycling, and temperature cycling.

[0050] The objective functions can be described by a performance function or a cost function. Within the scope of the present invention, a performance function can be understood as a function from the theory of optimal control, a subfield of applied mathematics. Control signals are determined using optimization methods that lead to performance-function-optimal operation while respecting boundary conditions. Numerical solution methods can be used for this purpose. R.417019

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[0052] Within the scope of the present invention, an objective function prioritization module can be understood as a module configured to determine, based on a given vehicle trajectory, the relevance of objective functions for a predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory, depending on the acquired information, and to determine weights of the relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory. The objective function prioritization module can be an economical model predictive (MPC) controller extended by the multi-horizon approach.

[0053] Within the scope of the present invention, an operating control module can be understood as a module configured to determine an operating strategy for the fuel cell system based on a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory, and to operate the fuel cell system according to the determined operating strategy in the segments of the vehicle trajectory. The objective function prioritization module and the operating control module interact with each other and / or exchange information. The operating control module can be an economical model predictive (MPC) controller that optimizes the operation of the fuel cell stack using the degrees of freedom stack current, cathode pressure, and stoichiometry.

[0054] Brief description of the drawings

[0055] Further optional details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the figures.

[0056] They show:

[0057] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a vehicle, and R.417019

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[0059] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a method for operating a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Embodiments of the invention

[0061] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a vehicle energy system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle energy system 100 is shown by way of example arranged in a vehicle 102. The vehicle 102 can be a passenger car or a truck, although other types of vehicles are conceivable in principle.

[0062] The vehicle energy system 100 comprises a fuel cell system 104 with several fuel cell stacks 106. Each fuel cell stack 106 includes several fuel cells, which are not shown in detail for clarity. Each fuel cell stack 106 is connected to further subsystems. Specifically, each fuel cell stack 106 is connected to an electrical system, an air system, a hydrogen system, and a thermal system. Each fuel cell stack 106 is connected via the electrical subsystems to at least one electric motor 108 of the vehicle 102 and an energy storage device 110, such as a battery.

[0063] The vehicle energy system 100 also includes a control unit 112. The control unit 112 is designed to control the operation of the fuel cell system 100 or the fuel cell stacks 106. The control unit 112 can be implemented in a control unit 114 of the vehicle 102.

[0064] The control unit 112 receives information concerning the vehicle energy system 100. This information is provided by at least one unspecified information source within and / or outside the vehicle energy system 100. The information includes at least one, and preferably several, pieces of information selected from the group consisting of current and / or predicted values ​​of: ambient temperature, ambient humidity, R.417019

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[0066] Ambient pressure, fuel cell stack conditions, state of charge of the energy storage system 110, temperature of the energy storage system 110, aging state of the fuel cell stacks, aging state of the energy storage system 110, aging state of the drive system, aging state of the components, trailer load, predicted future power demand of the electric motors, driving speed, road gradient, and operating state history. In particular, one or more sensors (not shown) in the vehicle 102 can acquire information about the current environmental and system state, or such information can be transmitted to the control unit 112.The information includes: current ambient temperature, current ambient humidity, current ambient pressure, current fuel cell stack conditions, such as fuel cell stack temperature, air pressure, air mass flows, estimated membrane humidity and the like, current battery charge level, current battery temperature, current aging state of the fuel cell stacks, current aging state of the battery, current aging state of the drive system, current aging state of the components, trailer load.

[0067] The control unit 112 creates a list of objective functions for operating the vehicle's energy system. The control unit 112 also includes an objective function prioritization module 116 and an operational management module 118. The objective function prioritization module 116 can create the list of objective functions for operating the vehicle's energy system. The objective function prioritization module 116 is configured to determine the relevance of objective functions for a predetermined number of segments of a given vehicle trajectory, based on the acquired information, and to determine weights of the relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory.

[0068] The Operations Management Module 118 is configured to determine an operating strategy for the fuel cell system based on a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of vehicle trajectory segments, and to operate the fuel cell system according to the determined operating strategy in those vehicle trajectory segments. The aforementioned information is also fed to Operations Management Module 118. R.417019

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[0070] Optionally, the control unit 112 also includes a driving state estimation module 120. The driving state estimation module 120 is configured to supply predicted driving state data to the objective function prioritization module 116. The objective function prioritization module 116 is configured to consider the predicted driving state data when creating the list of objective functions for operating the vehicle's energy system. Thus, the objective function prioritization module 116 can receive information regarding a predicted future power demand from the electric motors, as well as vehicle speed and road gradient. The driving state estimation module 120 is also configured to supply predicted driving state data to the operational management module 118.

[0071] The objective function prioritization module 116 runs on the control unit together with the optional driving state estimation module 120 and the operating control module 118. A driving state estimation module 120, as required in predictive operating strategies, allows the prioritization of objective functions over an entire planning period, but is only optional for this invention. The operating strategy controls the vehicle, consisting of the fuel cell system and battery. The measured operating states are reported to the control unit.

[0072] An exemplary sequence of the inventive method for operating the vehicle energy system is described below in general form.

[0073] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a specific exemplary embodiment of a method for operating a vehicle energy system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] In Figure 2, the electrical power P of the fuel cell stack 106 is plotted on the Y-axis in the upper part, and time t is plotted on the X-axis. Curve 122 shows the time course of the electrical power P of the fuel cell stack 106.

[0075] In the central part of Figure 2, the temperature T of the fuel cell stack 106 is plotted on the Y-axis and the time t on the X-axis. The curve R.417019

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[0077] 124 indicates the time course of the temperature T of the fuel cell stack 106.

[0078] In the lower part of Figure 2, the relevance Ri of the objective functions is plotted on the y-axis and time t on the x-axis. Curve 126 shows the time course of the relevance of the stress-induced aging mechanisms. Curve 128 shows the time course of the relevance of the start-stop-induced aging mechanisms. Curve 130 shows the time course of the relevance of hydrogen consumption. Curve 132 shows the time course of the relevance of heating.

[0079] The objective function prioritization module 116 receives the aforementioned information regarding the vehicle energy system 100 and creates a list of objective functions for operating the vehicle energy system 100 in order to transmit an objective function priority and weighting to the operations management module 118. The objective functions to be prioritized can include consumption, aging mechanisms of the fuel cell system 104, aging mechanisms of the energy storage system 110, dynamics, start times, stop times, warm-up, fastest possible cool-down, runtime balancing, and temperature maintenance.

[0080] For a predetermined number of segments Zni of a vehicle trajectory, depending on the acquired information (such as discrete route segments Zn or, alternatively, continuous), the relevance Ri of the individual objective functions for the corresponding segment is evaluated. This involves creating a function Ri[Zn] = f(route, environmental conditions, traffic, vehicle state, system state, time requirement, etc.). The information mentioned above can be evaluated to derive the relevance Ri.

[0081] The figure shows an exemplary representation of a driving trajectory with three sections Zn1 to Zn3. Figure 2 shows an exemplary visualization of the temperature T of the fuel cell stack 106 and the electrical power P of the fuel cell system 100. Also shown is the determined respective relevance Ri of the objective functions in sections Zn1 to Zn3. R.417019

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[0083] Initially, at time tO, the fuel cell stack 106 is cold, so the temperature T is low. To achieve rapid power and efficiency, it must be heated as quickly as possible. Time interval Zn1 is therefore characterized by a rapid increase in temperature T and a high relevance of heating. The other objective functions are of subordinate importance in time interval Zn1, so their relevance lies below a threshold value Rlim.

[0084] In the second section, Zn2, power P and temperature T are within a nominal range. The relevance of hydrogen consumption and voltage-related aging mechanisms is high here. In contrast, the heating and start-stop objectives are irrelevant because the load is so high that no fuel cell stack can be shut down.

[0085] In the last section Zn3, the temperature T is still high, but the power P is very low due to stop-and-go traffic. This increases the relevance of degradation-promoting start-stop cycles.

[0086] Then, a ranking of the relevance Ri[Zn] is performed, and the more important ones are taken into account, while unimportant ones are neglected or compared with a threshold Ri[Zn] > Rlim. Here, a maximum number of goals can also be considered, so that robustness of the optimization and real-time capability are ensured, for example in the form nSelected < nmaxLimForOpt, such as nmaxLimForOpt = 3, where at most the top 3 goal functions or fewer are optimized.

[0087] The next step involves deriving a weight Wi[Zn] from the relevance Ri[Zn]. The relationship between Wi[Zn] can be structured in various ways, such as by any function (e.g., linear, quadratic, or similar) or via pre-designed tables. These weights Wi[Zn] are then fed into the operational management module 118 and incorporated into a corresponding performance function for operational strategy optimization. The procedure is preferably implemented such that a weight of zero results in the associated functions and data not being evaluated or calculated. R.417019

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[0089] When transitioning between discrete path segments or when changing the objective functions, the weights can be blended to prevent abrupt changes in the performance function and ensure robustness.

Claims

R.417019 - 16 - Claims 1. Method for operating a vehicle energy system (100) with a fuel cell system (104) with multiple fuel cell stacks (106) and with at least one energy storage device (110) for storing electrical energy, comprising the steps: Gathering information regarding the vehicle's energy system, creating a list of objective functions for operating the vehicle's energy system, Determining the relevance (Ri) of the objective functions for a predetermined number of segments (Zni) of a vehicle trajectory depending on the acquired information, Weights of the relevance (Ri) of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory, Determining an operating strategy for operating the vehicle energy system (100) with the fuel cell system (104) based on a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance (Wi[Zn]) of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory, and Operating the vehicle energy system (100) with the fuel cell system (104) according to the determined operating strategy in the sections (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory.

2. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the information comprises at least one and preferably several pieces of information selected from the group consisting of current and / or predicted values ​​of: ambient temperature, ambient humidity, ambient pressure, fuel cell stack conditions, state of charge of the energy storage device (110), temperature of the energy storage device (110), aging state of the fuel cell stacks, aging state of the energy storage device (110), Alte-R.417019 - 17 - Operating condition of the drive, aging condition of the components, trailer load, predicted power requirement of the electric machines for the future, driving speed, road gradient, history of operating conditions.

3. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the objective functions comprise at least one and preferably several objective functions selected from the group consisting of: consumption, aging mechanisms for the fuel cell system (104), aging mechanisms for the energy storage (110), dynamics, start times, stop times, warm-up, fastest possible cooling, runtime balancing, temperature maintenance.

4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the sections (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory comprise route sections and / or time sections of a journey route of a vehicle (102).

5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the sections (Zni) are discrete sections or continuous sections.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance (Wi[Zn]) comprises a predetermined weighting value of the weighted relevance (Wi[Zn]) or a predetermined threshold (Rlim) of the weighted relevance (Wi[Zn]).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the weighting of the relevance (ri) of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory is carried out by means of at least one predetermined function or by means of at least one predetermined table.

8. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of the operating strategy for operating the vehicle energy system (100) with the fuel cell system (104) is based on a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance (Wi[Zn]) of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory by means of at least one quality function. R.417019 - 18 - 9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the method further comprises blending the weighted relevance (Wi[Zn]) of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory during a transition between the segments (Zni) of the vehicle trajectory or during a change of the objective functions.

10. Vehicle energy system (100) comprising a fuel cell system (104) comprising multiple fuel cell stacks (106) and comprising at least one control unit (112), wherein the control unit (112) is configured to perform a method according to one of the preceding claims.

11. Vehicle (102) comprising a vehicle energy system (100) according to the preceding claim.

12. Vehicle (102) according to the preceding claim, wherein the control unit (112) comprises an objective function prioritization module (116) and an operational management module (118), wherein the objective function prioritization module (116) is configured to determine, based on a predetermined vehicle trajectory of the vehicle, the relevance of objective functions for a predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory depending on the acquired information and to determine weights of the relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory, wherein the operational management module (118) is configured toto determine an operating strategy for operating the fuel cell system based on a predetermined proportion of the weighted relevance of the objective functions for the predetermined number of segments of the vehicle trajectory, and to operate the fuel cell system according to the determined operating strategy in the segments of the vehicle trajectory.

13. Vehicle energy system according to the preceding claim, wherein the control unit (112) further comprises a driving state estimation module (120), wherein the driving state estimation module (120) is configured to provide the objective function prioritization module (116) with predicted driving state data. - 19 - to supply, wherein the objective function prioritization module (116) is configured to consider the predicted driving state data for creating the list of objective functions for operating the vehicle energy system.

14. Computer program product comprising program code means which, when the computer program product is executed on a computer, configure the computer to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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