Method for providing a spacer attachment

Abstract

A method is disclosed for providing a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device, wherein the attachment is configured to define, during use, a spacing between a sensing component and an oral surface. The method comprises providing a sizing kit that includes one or more measuring components, operable by a user to acquire physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity. Subsequently, a spacer attachment is provided, with its size and / or shape being chosen based on the physical sizing information.

Description

[0001] 2025PF00029

[0002] 29.09.2025

[0003] METHOD FOR PROVIDING A SPACER ATTACHMENT

[0004] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention relates to the field of personal functional devices attachable to a set of different functional attachments.

[0006] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present invention relates to the field of personal functional devices attachable to a set of different functional attachments.

[0008] One example application relates to intraoral sensing devices, such as intraoral scanners, which are employed to collect sensing data for assessing tooth and gum conditions or the presence of plaque. The sensing data may include optical sensing data such as imaging data. Additionally or alternatively, the sensing data can include sensing data of other modalities such as, by way of nonlimiting example, acoustic sensing data or chemical sensing data.

[0009] When using such devices, quality and reproducibility of sensing data is an important factor in yielding reliable insights. Sensing data reliability is significantly influenced by user handling, particularly the accurate positioning of the intraoral sensing device at an optimal angle and distance relative to a target oral surface. To facilitate correct positioning, a spacer attachment can be provided which is designed to define an optimum minimum spacing between the sensing component and a relevant oral surface. The correct size and / or shape for the spacer attachment may vary depending upon individual characteristics of the user such as tooth size and jaw size. While a larger spacer attachment may be required to ensure sufficient tooth coverage for the sensing component, an incorrectly sized spacer, particularly one that is too large for a user's jaw size, can cause discomfort.

[0010] Consequently, ensuring that the optimal spacer attachment is chosen for a user remains a challenge. Manually selecting from a range of generic spacer attachments often leads to difficulties in achieving precise positioning for reliable scan data and can compromise user comfort. This can result in inconsistent scan quality and diminished user satisfaction due to an inadequate fit or discomfort.

[0011] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The invention is defined by the claims.

[0013] An aspect of the invention is a method for providing a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device. The intraoral sensing device comprises at least one sensing component. The spacer attachment is configured to define, during use, a spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device. The comprises providing a spacer2025PF00029

[0014] 2 29.09.2025

[0015] atachment, wherein a size and / or shape of the spacer atachment is chosen based on physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

[0016] This method provides a systematic approach to selecting or designing an appropriate spacer, thereby enhancing user comfort and improving scan quality by ensuring optimal positioning of the intraoral sensing device.

[0017] The method may be at least partly computer-implemented. For example, the process of choosing (or determining) the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may be computer-implemented.

[0018] In one set of embodiments, the method may comprise providing a sizing kit comprising one or more measuring components operable by a user to acquire the physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity. The size and / or shape of the spacer atachment may be chosen based on physical sizing information acquired by means of the one or more measuring components.

[0019] Optionally, the size and / or shape of the spacer atachment may be chosen based on the physical sizing information in accordance with a pre-determined sizing rule set.

[0020] Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the size and / or shape of the spacer atachment may be chosen based on the physical sizing information and based on application of a recommendation algorithm or module which is configured to determine a size and / or shape of the spacer atachment responsive to an input comprising the physical sizing information. For example, the algorithm may be configured to map from an input comprising the sizing information to an output comprising an indication of a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment. In some embodiments, a trained machine learning algorithm may be employed to map between the size information and a recommendation relating the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment.

[0021] In some embodiments, the recommendation algorithm or module may comprise use of population-level information such that users having similar characteristics as extracted from the physical sizing information are grouped in advance into pre-determined clusters, and the algorithm or module is configured to recommend a spacer size and / or shape based on matching the user to a best matching one of the pre-determined clusters based on the obtained sizing information.

[0022] The oral surface may comprise a tooth surface, a gum surface or any other surface within the oral cavity.

[0023] The spacer atachment may be configured to define, during use, a preferred, optimal, or target spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when atached to the intraoral sensing device.

[0024] The spacer atachment may provide a locating or guidance component for guiding a user in positioning the intraoral sensing device such that there is a predetermined spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface.

[0025] The spacer atachment may comprise a physical structure having a shape and orientation when atached to the intraoral sensing device, the physical structure being configured to define, or to guide a user in defining, a predetermined spacing or separation distance between the at least one sensing2025PF00029

[0026] 3 29.09.2025

[0027] component and an oral surface. For example, the structure may be arranged such that positioning a distal end or tip of the structure on or adjacent to an oral surface acts to establish the predetermined spacing between the at least one sensing component and the oral surface.

[0028] By way of example, the physical structure may comprise a projection, wall, or fin arranged to extend from or upstand relative to the intraoral sensing device, wherein positioning a distal end of the projection, wall, or fin acts to define the predetermined spacing between the at least one sensing component and the oral surface.

[0029] In practice, the spacer attachment may be configured to define, during use, a minimum spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device spacing. Additionally or alternatively, the spacer attachment may define a maximum, or fixed spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of obtaining the obtaining physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity. For example, in cases where a sizing kit is provided (as mentioned above), the method may comprise a step of obtaining the obtaining physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity using the one or more measuring components of the sizing kit. For example, this may be performed by a user or another person. By way of alternative example, the method may comprise a step of obtaining the physical sizing information by receiving image data corresponding to at least a portion of the face, head or oral cavity of a user and deriving the physical sizing information by application of an image analysis algorithm to the image data, the algorithm configured to extract the physical sizing information based on such image data. Thus, in this case, the step of obtaining the physical sizing information may be computer-implemented.

[0031] Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the method may comprise a step of receiving an indication of the physical sizing information. For example, this may be input by a user or received from an output of a measuring device, or received from an output of an algorithm configured to compute the physical sizing information based on an input. The input may optionally comprise an image input.

[0032] In some embodiments, the providing the spacer attachment may comprise selecting one spacer attachment from a set of spacer attachments having different (pre-determined) shapes and / or sizes based on the acquired physical sizing information. This allows for efficient provision of a suitable spacer from a pre-existing set of standardized shapes and / or sizes, accommodating different user anatomies. Alternatively, the spacer attachment may be custom made with a size and / or shape determined based on use of the physical sizing information.

[0033] As noted above, in some embodiments, the method may comprise providing a sizing kit comprising one or more measuring components operable by a user to acquire the physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.2025PF00029

[0034] 4 29.09.2025

[0035] In some embodiments, the one or more measuring components may comprise one or more bite pieces configured to be positioned within the user’s oral cavity. Bite pieces provide a straightforward and intuitive way for users to acquire oral cavity measurements.

[0036] In some embodiments, each of the one or more bite pieces may be configured to leave one or more physical marks responsive to being bitten by a user, indicative of physical engagement by teeth or oral surfaces. The locations of these physical marks relative to the bite piece may provide the physical sizing information. This provides a direct and simple means of capturing physical sizing information from the user’s bite.

[0037] In some embodiments, each of the one or more bite pieces may further comprise preapplied size reference markings. The locations of the bite-induced physical marks relative to the size reference markings may provide the physical sizing information. Pre-applied markings simplify the interpretation of bite marks, allowing for easier and more accurate determination of sizing information by the user or an automated system.

[0038] In some embodiments, each of the one or more bite pieces may comprise a paper-based bite piece. Paper-based bite pieces offer a cost-effective and disposable option for measuring components, suitable for single-use applications and widespread distribution.

[0039] In some embodiments, each of the one or more measuring components may be a one-time-use measuring component. One-time-use components enhance hygiene and can reduce costs, especially when provided as part of an assessment kit.

[0040] In some embodiments, the one or more measuring components may comprise an adjustable measurement device having a mechanically adjustable dimension. For example, the one or more measuring components may comprise an adjustable spacer attachment having mechanically adjustable dimensions. An adjustable measurement device may provide for more precise or adaptable measurement of sizing information compared, for example, to bite pieces.

[0041] In some embodiments, acquiring the physical sizing information using the one or more measuring components may comprise modifying a visibly discernible physical characteristic of a measuring component. The method may further comprise receiving an image of the one or more measuring components captured after acquiring the physical sizing information, and generating a recommendation relating to the size and / or shape for the spacer attachment based on the captured image. This provides an automated process for generating an attachment recommendation following acquisition of the sizing information.

[0042] In some embodiments, modifying a visibly discernible physical characteristic of the measuring component may comprise marking a markable surface by biting. In some embodiments, modifying a visibly discernible physical characteristic of the measuring component may comprise adjusting a positioning or mechanical configuration of the measuring component, for example, an adjustable measurement device having mechanically adjustable dimensions, e.g. an adjustable spacer attachment or a caliper with an adjustable measurement jaw.2025PF00029

[0043] 5 29.09.2025

[0044] In some embodiments, generating the recommendation may comprise use of a recommendation algorithm configured to receive at least a portion of the image of the one or more measuring components as an input and to generate the recommendation as an output. The recommendation algorithm may employ use of a trained machine learning model, for example a trained convolutional neural network model or transformer model. Automated algorithms enable consistent and objective determination of the optimal spacer attachment. In some embodiments, the algorithm may be deployed by a processing device of a mobile computing device, for example by a software application being run by the mobile computing device.

[0045] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise a step of providing the intraoral sensing device. Optionally, in embodiments in which a sizing kit is provided (as discussed above), the sizing kit may be provided at a same time as providing the intraoral sensing device. Providing the sizing kit concurrently with or alongside the intraoral sensing device enables users to obtain the relevant sizing information as soon as they receive the device.

[0046] In some embodiments, the at least one sensing component may comprise an imaging device, for example a camera.

[0047] In some embodiments, the physical sizing information may be indicative of jaw size and / or tooth size information.

[0048] In some embodiments, instead of or in addition to providing a sizing kit for acquiring the sizing information, the method may comprise receiving image data reflective of at least a portion of the user’s face, mouth, jaw or oral cavity, and processing the image data with an image analysis module comprising one or more image analysis algorithms configured to extract from the image data the physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity. The size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may in this case be chosen based on the physical sizing information computed by the image analysis module.

[0049] A further aspect of the invention is a system for selecting a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device based on sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity. The system comprises a set of two or more spacer attachments having different shapes and / or sizes. One spacer attachment is selectable from the set of spacer attachments based on acquired physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

[0050] Optionally, the system may further comprise a sizing kit comprising one or more measuring components operable by a user to acquire physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

[0051] In some embodiments, the system may further comprise the intraoral sensing device, the intraoral sensing device comprising at least one sensing component. Each of the set of spacer attachments may be attachable to the intraoral sensing device and configured to define, during use, a spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device.

[0052] A further aspect of the invention is a method for providing a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device, the intraoral sensing device comprising at least one sensing component and2025PF00029

[0053] 6 29.09.2025

[0054] wherein the spacer attachment is configured to define during use a spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device, the method comprising: obtaining physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity; and providing a spacer attachment, wherein a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment is chosen based on the physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

[0055] The obtaining the physical sizing information may comprise receiving image data reflective of at least a portion of the user’s face, mouth, jaw or oral cavity, and processing the image data with an image analysis module comprising one or more image analysis algorithms configured to extract from the image data the physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

[0056] Additionally or alternatively, the obtaining the physical sizing information may comprise providing a sizing kit comprising one or more measuring components operable by a user to acquire physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity, and further comprises the user using the one or more measuring components to acquire the physical sizing information.

[0057] Any of the optional features, embodiments or implementation details outlined in the disclosure in relation to other aspects of the invention may be applied or incorporated with the present aspect of the invention to define one or more further embodiments of the invention.

[0058] These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment(s) described hereinafter.

[0059] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] For a better understanding of the invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0061] Fig. 1 outlines steps of an example method in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention;

[0062] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of components of an example system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention;

[0063] Fig. 3 schematically illustrates an example set of spacer attachments having different shapes and / or sizes; and

[0064] Fig. 4 schematically illustrates an example measuring component in the form of a bite piece.

[0065] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0066] The invention will be described with reference to the Figures.

[0067] It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the apparatus, systems and methods, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These and other features, aspects,2025PF00029

[0068] 7 29.09.2025

[0069] and advantages of the apparatus, systems and methods of the present invention will become better understood from the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the Figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale. It should also be understood that the same reference numerals are used throughout the Figures to indicate the same or similar parts.

[0070] Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of personal functional devices. More specifically, it relates to such devices which are attachable to a set of different functional attachments. Embodiments of the invention provide a method and a system for providing a spacer attachment. Such a spacer attachment is configured to define, during use, a spacing between at least one sensing component of an intraoral sensing device and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device. An oral surface refers to any surface within a user's mouth, such as teeth or gums. The spacing helps in acquisition of reliable and high quality sensing data, for example high quality oral images and videos, as it helps in positioning an intraoral scanner at the best angle and distance to a tooth. A spacer attachment may be provided in different shapes and / or sizes. The choice of spacer depends on the tooth and / or jaw size of the user. Embodiments of the invention comprise determining a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment based on physical sizing information relating to a user's oral cavity, optionally acquired by means a physical sizing kit.

[0071] Fig. 1 outlines in block diagram form steps of an example method according to one or more embodiments. The steps will be recited in summary, before being explained further in the form of example embodiments.

[0072] The method 10 of Fig. 1 is a method for providing a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device. The intraoral sensing device comprises at least one sensing component. The spacer attachment is configured to define, during use, a spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device.

[0073] The method comprises a step of providing 14 a spacer attachment, wherein a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment is chosen 24 based on physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity. The physical sizing information may be indicative of jaw size and / or tooth size information.

[0074] For example, a larger tooth size may require a larger spacer for the sensing component to achieve sufficient tooth coverage. However, by way of further example, if the jaw size is not sufficiently large, a spacer which is very wide may feel uncomfortable to the user. Thus, a size and / or shape of the spacer may be optimized differently for users with different jaw and mouth characteristics.

[0075] Regarding the 'physical sizing information', this may encompass quantitative or qualitative data relating to anatomical dimensions or spatial characteristics of the user's oral cavity. Such information may include metrics indicative of jaw size, such as, by way of non-limiting example, one or more of: an inter-molar width (a horizontal distance between left and right first molars within the same arch), inter-canine width (a horizontal distance between left and right canines within the same arch), arch length (distance from the midpoint of the incisal edge of central incisors to the line connecting first molars), and / or arch perimeter (curvilinear distance along the arch from one molar around to the2025PF00029

[0076] 8 29.09.2025

[0077] contralateral molar). The physical sizing information may include one or more metrics relating to arch curvature or shape (e.g. tapered, ovoid, square) based on relative tooth positions. The physical sizing information may include one or more metrics relating to tooth width of one or more teeth (e.g. mesio-distal width of anterior or posterior teeth, e.g. averaged across a group). The physical sizing information may include one or more metrics relating to orientation of one or more teeth (e.g. where a user exhibits significant occlusion or misaligned teeth, it may be advantageous to employ a smaller or more flexible spacer in order to facilitate access to all relevant areas). The physical sizing information may include one or more metrics indicative of an occlusal vertical dimension or bite clearance (vertical distance between upper and lower jaws when in occlusion or rest position).

[0078] Optionally (and as illustrated in Fig. 1), in some embodiments the method 10 may comprise a step of providing 16 a sizing kit comprising one or more measuring components operable by a user to acquire 22 the physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity. The acquisition of the physical sizing information using the one or more measuring components may be performed by a user at home, or it may be performed in a retail environment or clinical practice.

[0079] Optionally (and as illustrated in Fig. 1), the method may comprise a step of obtaining 22 the physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity.

[0080] For example, in cases where a sizing kit is provided 12, the method may comprise a step of obtaining the physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity using the one or more measuring components of the sizing kit. For example, this may be performed by a user or another person. The size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may be chosen 24 based on the physical sizing information acquired by means of the one or more measuring components.

[0081] By way of alternative example, the optional step of obtaining 22 the physical sizing information may comprise receiving image data reflective of at least a portion of the user's face, mouth, jaw or oral cavity, and processing the image data with an image analysis module comprising one or more image analysis algorithms configured to extract from the image data the physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity. Thus, in this case, the step of obtaining the physical sizing information may be computer-implemented. The size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may in this case be chosen 24 based on the physical sizing information computed by the image analysis module.

[0082] Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the method may comprise a step of receiving an indication of the physical sizing information. For example, this may be input by a user or received from an output of a measuring device, or received from an output of an algorithm configured to compute the physical sizing information based on an input. The input may optionally comprise an image input. The size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may in this case be chosen 24 based on the received physical sizing information.

[0083] The method may be at least partly computer-implemented. For example, the process of choosing 24 (or determining) the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may be computer-implemented.2025PF00029

[0084] 9 29.09.2025

[0085] Optionally, the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment is chosen 24 based on the physical sizing information in accordance with a pre-determined sizing rule set.

[0086] Additionally or alternatively, the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may be chosen 24 based on the physical sizing information and based on application of a recommendation algorithm or module which is configured to determine a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment responsive to an input comprising the physical sizing information. For example, the algorithm may be configured to map from an input comprising the sizing information to an output comprising an indication of a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment.

[0087] In some embodiments, the providing 14 the spacer attachment comprises selecting one spacer attachment from a set of spacer attachments having different shapes and / or sizes, based on the physical sizing information. Alternatively, the spacer attachment may be custom made, with a size and / or shape determined based on the physical sizing information.

[0088] Optionally, the method may further comprise a step of providing the intraoral sensing device. In embodiments where a sizing kit is provided, the sizing kit may optionally be provided at the same time as the intraoral sensing device, or may be provided separately.

[0089] As used herein, the term 'sizing kit' is intended to refer to a set of one or more measuring components configured to be operated by a user to acquire physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity. The measuring components may comprise physical measuring components. The measuring components may comprise, for example, a bite piece configured to receive bite-induced marks relative to pre-applied reference markings, or an adjustable measurement device having mechanically adjustable dimensions. The sizing kit may optionally include alignment guides, reference markings, and / or instructions for use. The sizing kit may be provided as a disposable, single-use kit (for example formed from low-cost materials), or as a reusable kit (for example fabricated from more durable components). In all cases, the sizing kit functions to provide physical sizing information which serves as a basis for determining a size and / or shape of a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device.

[0090] As noted above, in some embodiments, the optional step of obtaining 22 the physical sizing information may comprise receiving image data reflective of at least a portion of the user's face, mouth, jaw or oral cavity, and processing the image data with an image analysis module comprising one or more image analysis algorithms configured to extract from the image data the physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity.

[0091] The image analysis module may be executed by a software application running on a processor comprised by a processing device. In some embodiments, the processing device may be a processing device of a mobile computing device. In other embodiments, the processing device may be a processing device of a remote server to which the image data is transmitted.

[0092] Any of the optional features, or implementation details outlined in this disclosure in relation to embodiments comprising providing a sizing kit may be applied or incorporated with embodiments of the invention which do not comprise providing a sizing kit.2025PF00029

[0093] 10 29.09.2025

[0094] As discussed above, embodiments of the invention comprise providing 14 a spacer attachment, wherein a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment is chosen based on the physical sizing information.

[0095] As used herein, the size of a spacer attachment may refer to one or more dimensional parameters of the spacer, for example a width and / or height of at least a portion of the spacer attachment. The size of the spacer may refer to a maximum width and / or maximum height of the spacer attachment. In some embodiments, the spacer attachment may comprise a wall element extending in an annular or tubular shape around the sensing component. In this case, the size of the spacer attachment may refer to one or more dimensional parameters of the wall element, such as an inner diameter, outer diameter, and / or wall height of the wall element. Different sizes may therefore define different spacing distances between the sensing component and the oral surfaces (which may vary as a function of a height parameter of the spacer), and / or provide different levels of coverage across teeth (which may vary as a function of a width parameter of the spacer).

[0096] As used herein, the shape of a spacer attachment may refer to one or more characteristics of a geometry or morphology of the spacer attachment, for example an outer shape and / or a cross-sectional shape. The shape of a spacer attachment may refer to the cross-sectional geometry of the annular or tubular wall element referred to above. By way of non-limiting example, the cross-section may be square, rectangular, oval, circular, or rounded-rectangular. The proportions of the cross-section may also be varied, for example by adjusting the relative ratio of height to width in the case of a rectangular or oval section, thereby producing geometrically distinct shapes adapted for different oral cavity dimensions or arch forms.

[0097] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of components of an example system 30 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention. Fig. 2 illustrates a system 30 for selecting a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device. The selection is based on sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity. The system 30 comprises a set 60 of two or more spacer attachments 62a, 62b, 62c having different shapes and / or sizes. One spacer attachment is selectable from this set 60 of spacer attachments based on acquired physical sizing information. By way of illustration, Fig. 2 shows a set 60 of three spacer attachments, but the set may comprise a greater or fewer number of spacer attachments.

[0098] Optionally, but not necessarily, the system 30 comprises a sizing kit 40 comprising one or more measuring components 42 operable by a user to acquire physical sizing information (represented schematically by element 50 in Fig. 2) relating to the user's oral cavity.

[0099] The system 30 may optionally further comprise the intraoral sensing device 70. This intraoral sensing device 70 comprises at least one sensing component. Each of the set 60 of spacer attachments 62a, 62b, 62c is attachable to the intraoral sensing device 70. When attached, the spacer attachment is configured to define, during use, a spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface.2025PF00029

[0100] 11 29.09.2025

[0101] As mentioned briefly above, optionally, the step of providing 14 the spacer attachment comprises selecting one spacer attachment from a set of spacer attachments having different shapes and / or sizes based on the acquired physical sizing information. The system of Fig. 2 facilitates implementation of such an embodiment of the method by providing the set 60 of two or more spacer attachments 62a, 62b, 62c having different shapes and / or sizes from which one may be chosen based on the physical sizing information 50.

[0102] In practice, it is anticipated that the process of selecting one attachment from the set 60 of attachments 62a, 62b, 62c may be performed at a different location to the location where the physical sizing information is obtained. For example, a user may obtain the physical sizing information at a home location or in a retail environment. The set 60 of different possible spacer attachments may be located at a different site, e.g. a storage site, and wherein one attachment is chosen based on communication of the physical sizing information to the different site.

[0103] As discussed, the spacer attachment is for attaching to an intraoral sensing device.

[0104] Example implementation details relating to the intraoral sensing device will now be discussed.

[0105] In some embodiments, the intraoral sensing device comprises an intraoral imaging device. The at least one sensing component in this case may comprise an imaging sensor and / or a camera. The camera may be sensitive to visible light. The camera may additionally or alternatively be sensitive to light in other wavelength ranges, such as infrared. Oral image and / or video data may thereby be acquired. The acquired data may be used for determining at least one oral health indicator, for example relating to tooth and / or gum conditions. By way of one non-limiting example, the data may be used for detecting the presence of plaque. One or more data analysis algorithms may be provided for computing the at least one oral health indicator, implemented by a processing device comprised by the intraoral device, by a communicatively associated mobile computing device or by a cloud-based system.

[0106] Image quality may depend to some extent on the position and orientation of the imaging device. Image quality may also be dependent on the distance between the imaging device and the teeth. A spacer element provided by the spacer attachment may serve to stabilize the imaging device during use. The spacer element may define a spacing between the sensing area of the camera and an oral surface. A more reliable angle and distance for image acquisition may thereby be achieved. The spacer element may also reduce variation caused by user handling.

[0107] In alternative embodiments, the at least one sensing component may comprise an optical component which is not an imaging component. By way of non-limiting example, the optical component may comprise, for example, a light source and detector pair for reflectance measurements.

[0108] In other embodiments, the at least one sensing component may comprise a different sensing modality. For example, an acoustic sensing component may be provided. Acoustic data may be acquired in the form of reflected or transmitted acoustic signals. By way of non-limiting examples, such data may be used to characterize tooth density or to detect structural anomalies such as cracks.2025PF00029

[0109] 12 29.09.2025

[0110] The intraoral sensing device may comprise a mouth-insertable portion carrying the at least one sensing component. A stem portion may extend from the mouth-insertable portion. The stem portion may provide a handle portion to enable a user to hold and maneuver the device. In operation, the mouth-insertable portion is placed manually inside the oral cavity of the user. Sensing data is acquired by the at least one sensing component.

[0111] The spacer attachment comprises a spacer element that defines a minimum spacing between oral surfaces and the sensing area of the sensing component. Where the sensing component is an imaging device, the spacer element may define spacing relative to the light input area of the camera. Images of teeth, gums, and other oral structures may thereby be acquired at a consistent distance. Where the sensing component is an alternative optical or acoustic component, the spacer element similarly defines spacing relative to the sensing area, thereby ensuring repeatable acquisition of, for example, reflectance or acoustic data.

[0112] The spacer attachment may be designed to define a preferred, optimal, or target spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device.

[0113] The spacer attachment may provide a locating or guidance component for guiding a user in positioning the intraoral sensing device such that there is a predetermined spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface.

[0114] The spacer attachment may comprise a physical structure having a shape and orientation when attached to the intraoral sensing device, the physical structure being configured to define, or to guide a user in defining, a predetermined spacing or separation distance between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface. For example, the structure may be arranged such that positioning a distal end or tip of the structure on or adjacent to an oral surface acts to establish the predetermined spacing between the at least one sensing component and the oral surface.

[0115] By way of example, the physical structure may comprise a projection, wall, or fin arranged to extend from or upstand relative to the intraoral sensing device, wherein positioning a distal end of the projection, wall, or fin acts to define the predetermined spacing between the at least one sensing component and the oral surface.

[0116] In practice, the spacer attachment may define a minimum spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device spacing.

[0117] Additionally or alternatively, the spacer attachment may define a maximum, or fixed spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device.

[0118] In some embodiments, the spacer attachment may define a variable or adjustable spacing, for example by incorporating compressible, resilient, or movable components.

[0119] In some embodiments, the spacer attachment may define a spacing that is different for different sensing components, for example to optimize sensor performance relative to anatomical structures.2025PF00029

[0120] 13 29.09.2025

[0121] In some embodiments, the spacer attachment may serve as a protective barrier, ensuring that the at least one sensing component does not come into direct contact with oral surfaces while still maintaining a functional measurement distance.

[0122] In some embodiments, the spacer attachment may be removable, replaceable, or disposable, enabling different spacings to be achieved for different users or applications.

[0123] As discussed above, in some embodiments, the step of providing 14 the spacer attachment may comprise selecting one spacer attachment from a set of spacer attachments having different shapes and / or sizes based on the acquired physical sizing information.

[0124] Fig. 3 schematically illustrates an example set of spacer attachments 62a, 62b, and 62c having different shapes and / or sizes to accommodate various anatomical considerations. Each of the spacer attachments 62a, 62b, and 62c may be configured to be releasably connectable to a same intraoral sensing device, for example to the mouth-receivable portion of the intraoral sensing device. The different shapes and / or sizes of spacers are designed to accommodate different jaw sizes, different tooth shapes or sizes, or personal feel and preference.

[0125] In the illustration of Fig. 3, an example set of spacer attachments 62a, 62b, 62c are illustrated, each shown attached to an example intraoral sensing device. The at least one sensing component 72 is shown relative to each spacer attachment. The lower set of images shows a schematic front view of each spacer attachment. The upper set of images shows a schematic cross-section view through each of the spacer attachments.

[0126] In the illustrated example, each spacer attachment comprises a wall structure 64. The wall structure extends annularly around the at least one sensing component 72. The at least one sensing component 72 may be carried by a mouth-receivable portion of the intraoral sensing device. The attachment is configured such that, when attached to the intraoral sensing device, the wall structure is upstanding relative to the surface of the mouth-receivable portion which carries the sensing area of the sensing component 72. The wall structure acts to define the minimum spacing between the sensing component 72 and the oral surface. A cross-sectional shape or geometry of the wall structure may vary between different spacer attachments. One or more dimensions of the wall structure may vary between the different spacer attachments, for example, an outer or inner diameter or width, and / or a height. A ratio between a length and a width of the wall structure cross-section may additionally or alternatively vary, for example changing a ratio of length-to-width of a rectangular or oval wall structure cross-section.

[0127] Where the sensing component 72 comprises an imaging device, the wall structure 64 defines a minimum spacing between a light input area of the imaging device and oral surfaces. A shading function may also be provided by the wall structure. Ambient light or stray reflections may be blocked from reaching the input area of the imaging device. This improves image quality and reliability of subsequent analysis.

[0128] In alternative embodiments, the spacer attachment need not comprise an annular wall. By way of non-limiting example, the spacer attachment may instead comprise one or more prongs,2025PF00029

[0129] 14 29.09.2025

[0130] protrusions, or frame segments. These features may define contact points with oral surfaces while not defining a continuous boundary around the sensing component.

[0131] As mentioned above, in some embodiments, a plurality of spacer attachments may be provided, each having a different size, height, or shape. One spacer attachment may be selected from the set based on the physical sizing information. By way of alternative to this approach, the spacer attachment may instead be custom made. The size and / or shape of the custom spacer may be determined based on physical sizing information acquired by a sizing kit or obtained in another way. In such embodiments, the step of providing the spacer attachment comprises fabricating a spacer with geometry selected or generated on the basis of the sizing information. By way of example, fabrication may be carried out by additive manufacturing, subtractive machining, or molding. A custom spacer may thereby provide a more accurate fit and improved stabilization for the intraoral sensing device.

[0132] In embodiments in which a sizing kit 40 is provided, the sizing kit may be provided separately from the intraoral sensing device or together with the intraoral sensing device. For example, in practice, the sizing kit may be provided as an independent product or provided together with the intraoral sensing device as a bundle.

[0133] The method in accordance with embodiments of the present invention avoids a need to provide to each user a complete set of spacer attachments of different sizes and shapes. Instead, the sizing information may be used to determine an appropriate spacer attachment size or shape and this single spacer attachment, determined based on the sizing information, may then be provided to the user. In this way, efficiency of provision is improved since only the relevant spacer attachment is manufactured or supplied, rather than a plurality of attachments of different sizes and shapes for each user.

[0134] In some embodiments, the method comprises the step of providing a sizing kit at a first location, acquiring the physical sizing information at the first location by operation of the user, and transmitting the sizing information, or a representation thereof, to a second location. At the second location, the physical sizing information is received, and on the basis of the received sizing information, a spacer attachment is selected or fabricated. The selected or fabricated spacer attachment may then be provided from the second location back to the first location for use with the intraoral sensing device.

[0135] In this way, the process of acquiring sizing information may be carried out at a user site or retailer site, while the steps of interpreting the sizing information, selecting an attachment, and providing the attachment may be performed at a separate site, for example a manufacturer site or distribution site. This division of steps allows low-cost sizing kits to be widely distributed, while ensuring that only appropriately sized spacer attachments are ultimately shipped to the user.

[0136] As discussed above with reference to Fig. 1, the method comprises a step of providing 14 a spacer attachment wherein a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment is chosen 24 based on the physical sizing information previously acquired 22.

[0137] As mentioned briefly above, in some embodiments, the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment is chosen on the basis of the physical sizing information in accordance with a pre-determined2025PF00029

[0138] 15 29.09.2025

[0139] sizing rule set. The sizing rule set may be defined prior to deployment of the method and, for example, stored in a memory or datastore. The rule set may, for example, comprise one or more thresholds, look-up tables, or mapping functions that permit correlating acquired physical sizing information, e.g. measurement values, with corresponding spacer attachment parameters.

[0140] In one example implementation, the providing 14 the spacer attachment comprises selecting one spacer attachment from a discrete set of spacer attachments having predefined shapes and / or sizes, as discussed previously with reference to Fig. 3. In such embodiments, the sizing rule set may define mappings between the physical sizing information and a selection of one of the spacer attachments from the set 60. The rule set may employ various approaches to achieve this mapping. In a first approach, a lookup table may be utilized wherein specific measurement values or ranges of measurement values obtained from the one or more measuring components 42 are directly correlated with corresponding spacer attachment identifiers. For example, jaw width measurements falling within a first range may be mapped to a first spacer attachment 62a, while measurements within a second range may be mapped to a second spacer attachment 62b.

[0141] Alternatively, the sizing rule set may apply threshold-based rules wherein the physical sizing information is evaluated against one or more predetermined threshold values to determine the appropriate spacer attachment selection. For instance, if a measured jaw width exceeds a first threshold but remains below a second threshold, a medium-sized spacer attachment may be selected.

[0142] In further embodiments, the sizing rule set may incorporate a regression model or other mathematical function that maps continuous measurement values (obtainable by the one or more measurement components as part of the physical sizing information) to discrete spacer attachment categories. The regression model may be trained using empirical data correlating user anatomical measurements with optimal spacer attachment performance, thereby enabling automated classification of new measurement data into appropriate spacer attachment categories.

[0143] In some embodiments, the sizing rule set may be derived, at least in part, from population statistics or preference data. For example, physical sizing information features observed across a representative user population may be collected and processed to form a statistical basis for recommending a suitable spacer attachment. Such statistical data may be used directly to generate a lookup table or indirectly to inform a recommendation model that maps acquired physical sizing information to an appropriate spacer attachment selection.

[0144] In one example implementation, the sizing rule set may incorporate a recommendation system constructed from population preference statistics. For instance, empirical data may be collected from a plurality of users, each providing both physical sizing information data (e.g., jaw width, arch height, or occlusion characteristics) and feedback regarding spacer attachment comfort or performance. This dataset may be aggregated to determine correlations between physical sizing information and preferred spacer attachment types. A resulting lookup table may then encode, for each measurement range or combination of features, the most commonly preferred or statistically optimal spacer attachment.2025PF00029

[0145] 16 29.09.2025

[0146] In another example implementation, the recommendation algorithm or module may comprise use of population-level clustering techniques. In such embodiments, users having similar characteristics, as extracted from the physical sizing information, are grouped in advance into a plurality of predetermined clusters. Each cluster may be associated with one or more preferred spacer attachment sizes and / or shapes derived from statistical analysis of the cluster population. When new sizing information is obtained for an individual user, the algorithm or module may be configured to identify a best-matching cluster and to recommend a corresponding spacer attachment option associated with that cluster. This approach enables efficient mapping from continuous measurement data to discrete spacer attachment selections by leveraging similarities within population-level groupings.

[0147] In some embodiments, the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment may be chosen on the basis of the physical sizing information by application of a recommendation algorithm or module. The recommendation algorithm is configured to receive, as an input, a digital representation of the physical sizing information and to output an indication of a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment.

[0148] In cases where a sizing kit is provided, in some embodiments, the input to recommendation algorithm or module may comprise an image of a part or whole of a measurement component of the sizing kit, e.g. a bite piece bearing bite-induced marks. Additionally or alternatively, the input may comprise one or more values manually input by a user based on reading off from a measurement component of the sizing kit or obtained in any other way. Additionally or alternatively, the input may comprise digital measurement information output by an electronic measurement component, e.g. an adjustable measurement device. The input may take any other form of representation, direct or indirect, of the physical sizing information.

[0149] If the input to the recommendation algorithm is an image, the algorithm may include a sizing information extraction stage in which, for example, reference markings on the measuring component are detected and measurement values are extracted to obtain a data representation of the sizing information.

[0150] The recommendation algorithm may include a mapping function, statistical model, or trained machine-learning model which is configured to associate the data representation of the sizing information with spacer attachment size and / or shape recommendations. By way of non-limiting example, the output may take the form of a recommendation specifying a discrete attachment size and / or shape class (e.g. small, medium, large), or a dimensional parameter associated with the spacer attachment (e.g., spacer height, width, etc., e.g. in millimeters), or a geometric profile associated with the spacer attachment.

[0151] The recommendation algorithm may be executed by a software application running on a processor comprised by a processing device. In some embodiments, the processing device may be a processing device of a mobile computing device. In other embodiments, the processing device may be a processing device of a remote server to which the sizing information is transmitted. In either case, the2025PF00029

[0152] 17 29.09.2025

[0153] output of the recommendation algorithm directly determines the size and / or shape of the spacer attachment to be provided to the user.

[0154] If the input to the recommendation algorithm is image data, the algorithm may in some embodiments omit the sizing information extraction stage mentioned above, and wherein the algorithm may instead implement a trained machine learning model trained to receive the image data as input and to generate as output the recommended size and / or shape of the spacer attachment. More details relating to this example implementation will be discussed later.

[0155] Optional implementation details regarding the one or more measuring components 42 of the optional sizing kit 40 will now be discussed.

[0156] Regarding the one or more measuring components 42 of the sizing kit 40, in some embodiments, each of the one or more measuring components may comprise a one-time-use measuring component. For example, the one or more measuring components may be disposable.

[0157] In some embodiments, the one or more measuring components, which form part of the sizing kit 40, may comprise one or more bite pieces configured to be positioned within the user's oral cavity. Such bite pieces may be designed to interact with a user's teeth. For example, each of the one or more bite pieces may be configured to leave one or more physical marks responsive to being bitten by a user. These marks are indicative of physical engagement by teeth or oral surfaces. The locations of these physical marks relative to the bite piece itself provide the physical sizing information. For instance, a bite piece may include areas that are visibly modified upon biting. Each of the one or more bite pieces may optionally further comprise pre-applied size reference markings. In such embodiments, the locations of the bite-induced physical marks relative to these size reference markings provide the physical sizing information.

[0158] For example, in one example implementation, the one or more measuring components of the sizing kit include a bite piece formed at least in part from a pressure-sensitive marking material, such as articulating paper or a similar substrate configured to produce visible marks upon engagement by a user's teeth. The bite piece may be configured as a sheet or strip sized to be comfortably positioned between the upper and lower dental arches of the user.

[0159] In Fig. 4, first 82a and second 82b sides of an example paper-based bite piece are schematically illustrated. The bite piece in this example includes paper which, when bitten by the user, leaves bite-induced physical marks 84a, 84b corresponding to the specific locations where the teeth engage the paper. In the illustrated embodiment, the paper further comprises grid markings that serve as pre-applied size reference markings. The relative positions of the bite-induced physical marks 84a, 84b with respect to these grid markings are indicative of physical sizing information, such as jaw width, arch form, or relative tooth spacing.

[0160] In the illustrated example, the bite piece is double-sided such that both the first side 82a and the second side 82b record markings upon biting. Following engagement by the user, the respective bite-induced physical marks 84a, 84b may be observed on both sides of the bite piece. These marks are2025PF00029

[0161] 18 29.09.2025

[0162] overlaid atop the grid markings, thereby enabling straightforward visual correlation between tooth engagement points and the reference scale. This dual-sided configuration may facilitate improved accuracy by capturing both upper and lower arch contacts within a single biting action.

[0163] The bite piece may further include one or more alignment indicators (e.g., a central line, notch, or printed alignment feature) to assist the user in correctly positioning the bite piece relative to their dental midline prior to biting. By standardizing orientation, the recorded marks can be reliably compared across users or analyzed with respect to known anatomical reference points.

[0164] In certain embodiments, the bite piece is formed from a paper-based, single-use material, ensuring sterility and convenient disposal. In alternative embodiments, the bite piece may be reusable. By way of non-limiting example, the bite piece may comprise a resilient or polymeric sheet capable of receiving either pigmented transfer marks or physical indentations, and may be reusable following appropriate cleaning. In either configuration, the bite-induced marks generated on the bite piece provide a record of oral dimensions and features.

[0165] As an alternative to bite pieces, the one or more measuring components may include an adjustable measurement device having mechanically adjustable dimensions. In this embodiment, the sizing information is obtained by resizing a measurement device that can be mechanically adjusted and modified. For example, the user can manually or digitally change the width or height, and possibly the shape, of the measurement device. Examples of such components include, for instance, a caliper with an adjustable measurement jaw, or a mouthpiece-type unit with expandable or adjustable contact surfaces. The adjustable measurement device may comprise a body portion with movable arms or jaws that can be positioned to contact opposing teeth or jaw structures. By way of non-limiting example, a mouthpiecetype unit may include flexible or articulated segments that conform to the user's dental arch, with adjustment mechanisms to accommodate different jaw widths or tooth spacing. The adjusted dimensions correspond to the user's oral geometry and thus provide the physical sizing information.

[0166] In one example implementation, the adjustable measurement device comprises a body portion and one or more adjustable arms or jaws that may be displaced relative to one another. By way of non-limiting example, the arms may be mechanically linked through a threaded screw mechanism, sliding track, or other adjustable linkage, thereby allowing the user to vary the distance between opposing contact surfaces. The user places the measurement device within or adjacent to the oral cavity, and incrementally adjusts the arms until the contact surfaces correspond to anatomical reference points (for example, contacting opposing molars, canine teeth, or vertical bite clearance). The dimensions at which proper contact is achieved may in some embodiments be read from an integrated scale, dial, or digital display, and wherein these values constitute the sizing information. Alternatively, and as will be explained in more detail to follow, an image may be taken of the adjusted measurement device and wherein the image is used by a software application to estimate the sizing information from the adjusted configuration of the measurement device.2025PF00029

[0167] 19 29.09.2025

[0168] In some embodiments, the adjustable measurement device may be implemented as an adjustable spacer attachment. Here, a spacer attachment is provided having one or more shape and / or dimension parameters which are configurable. The user can adjust these dimensions until certain criteria are met, e.g. a certain lateral tooth coverage or a certain fit relative to the jaw or oral cavity. The resulting adjusted shape and / or dimension parameters of the adjustable spacer attachment thereby provide an indication of the physical sizing information.

[0169] As briefly mentioned above, in some embodiments, the process of determining the spacer attachment size and / or shape based on the sizing information may comprise a user acquiring one or more images of a sizing component after acquiring the sizing information and wherein the image data is computationally processed to generate a spacer attachment size and / or shape recommendation.

[0170] In this regard, as will already be apparent from descriptions presented above, in some embodiments, acquiring the physical sizing information using the one or more measuring components comprises modifying a visibly discernible physical characteristic of a measuring component. For example, modifying a visibly discernible physical characteristic of the measuring component may comprise marking a markable surface by biting. Alternatively, modifying a visibly discernible physical characteristic of the measuring component may comprise adjusting a positioning or mechanical configuration of the measuring component, e.g. an adjustable measurement device having mechanically adjustable dimensions, e.g. a caliper with an adjustable measurement jaw.

[0171] The method may further comprise receiving an image of the one or more measuring components captured after acquiring the physical sizing information. A recommendation relating to the size and / or shape for the spacer attachment may then be generated based on the captured image.

[0172] Generating the recommendation may comprise use of a recommendation algorithm configured to receive at least a portion of the image as an input and to generate the recommendation as an output. In some embodiments, the algorithm may be executed by a processor of a processing device. The processing device may be a processing device of a mobile computing device in some embodiments, or a processing device of a remote server, e.g. a cloud-based server. The algorithm may be implemented by a software application running on the processing device.

[0173] By way of example, one example implementation may be provided as follows. An image of a measuring component from the sizing kit may be received by a processing device. The image is acquired after the physical sizing information has been obtained using the component. By way of nonlimiting example, the image might depict bite-induced physical marks overlaid on grid markings, as discussed above. The image may alternatively depict the position of a movable measurement piece of an adjustable measurement device, as discussed above.

[0174] In one set of embodiments, a sizing-information extraction step may be performed in which the image of the measuring component is computationally processed to identify and quantify one or more parameters or metrics which are indicative of physical sizing information. The image may first be pre-processed to normalize brightness and contrast and to reduce noise. A region of interest2025PF00029

[0175] 20 29.09.2025

[0176] corresponding to the measuring component may then be segmented, for example using edge detection, contour analysis, or template matching. Reference features such as printed grid lines, fiducial markers, or scale indicators may be detected and mapped to a coordinate system, thereby enabling dimensional calibration of the image. Visible modifications of the measuring component, such as bite-induced marks or the position of a movable measurement jaw, may be identified by feature detection or thresholding algorithms. The positions of these modifications relative to the calibrated reference features may then be recorded, thereby generating measurement values in real -world units.

[0177] By way of example, the one or more parameters or metrics computed by the algorithm may correspond to one or more anatomical metrics. By way of example, the horizontal distance between bite marks corresponding to opposing first molars may be computed to yield an inter-molar width.

[0178] Additionally or alternatively, the distance between bite marks corresponding to the canines may be used to determine an inter-canine width. Additionally or alternatively, a measurement from the central incisor position to the molar line may be used to compute an arch length. Additionally or alternatively, a curvilinear path along successive bite marks may be used to estimate arch perimeter. Additionally or alternatively, relative positions of anterior and posterior bite marks may be used to classify arch curvature or form as tapered, ovoid, or square. In some examples, the width of individual bite marks may additionally or alternatively be analyzed to estimate tooth width, for example mesio-distal width of incisors or molars.

[0179] In the case of adjustable mechanical measurement devices, the position of a movable element may be identified in the image and mapped to a calibrated scale to yield a measure of, by way of non-limiting example, occlusal vertical dimension or bite clearance.

[0180] In all cases, the algorithm processes the captured image to extract defined physical sizing information in the form of quantitative metrics or categorical indices suitable for subsequent determination of a spacer attachment size and / or shape.

[0181] A recommendation mapping step may subsequently be performed. In a first option, a predetermined sizing rule set may be applied. The rule set may be stored in a local or remote memory for example. The rule set may, by way of non-limiting example, contain thresholds, lookup tables, and / or mapping functions by which the sizing information may be mapped or transformed to recommended size and / or shape information for the spacer attachment. In a second option, a trained machine-learning model may be used to perform the mapping. The model may be trained to receive the extracted sizing information values as input features. The model may be trained to output a size and / or shape designation for the spacer attachment. The model may, by way of non-limiting example, comprise a gradient-boosted tree, a logistic regression, or a small multilayer perceptron.

[0182] By way of an alternative implementation, the explicit step of extracting sizing information from the image data may be omitted. Instead, a trained machine learning model may be used to map directly from the captured image to an output recommendation for spacer attachment size and / or shape. In such embodiments, an image of the measuring component is received by a processing device.2025PF00029

[0183] 21 29.09.2025

[0184] The image may be captured by a camera of a mobile computing device and may depict, for example, bite-induced marks overlaid on reference grid markings, or a movable element of an adjustable measurement device positioned relative to a calibrated scale. The image data is provided directly to the machine learning model without the need for an intermediate measurement extraction stage.

[0185] The machine learning model may comprise, by way of example, a convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN may include a plurality of convolutional layers configured to extract spatial features from the image, pooling layers configured to reduce dimensionality, and fully connected layers configured to map extracted features to an output prediction. The output layer may generate a discrete class label corresponding to a spacer attachment size and / or shape (for example, small, medium, or large, for example combined with a shape class such as square or circular). Alternatively, the output layer may generate one or more continuous parameters, such as wall height in millimeters, wall diameter, or a curvature index indicative of the cross-sectional geometry of the spacer attachment. In some embodiments, the CNN may further be configured to receive, in addition to the image data, one or more auxiliary input features, such as one or more user-specific inputs such as user height, facial measurements, or even a face embedding generated from a captured facial image. Such auxiliary data may be concatenated with features extracted from the image data or processed through a parallel input pathway within the network, thereby enabling the model to leverage both image-derived and user-derived information when generating the spacer attachment recommendation.

[0186] The CNN is trained prior to deployment using a supervised learning procedure. A training dataset is compiled comprising images of measuring components after acquisition of physical sizing information. The dataset may include images of paper-based bite pieces marked by tooth engagement, optionally aligned with pre-applied grid markings, and / or images of adjustable measurement devices with movable jaws positioned relative to calibrated scales. In embodiments where auxiliary user information is incorporated, the training dataset may further include structured data entries such as user height values, anthropometric facial measurements, or face embeddings aligned with corresponding image data. Each image in the dataset is labeled with a ground-truth spacer attachment size and / or shape. Such labels may be generated by expert annotation using a pre-determined sizing rule set, by direct measurement of the adjustable device, or by validated clinical fitting outcomes. Training may be performed on a server, and one or more loss functions may be applied depending on the output format. For discrete outputs, a crossentropy loss may be employed. For continuous outputs, a mean-squared error loss may be employed. A composite loss function may be used if both discrete and continuous outputs are required.

[0187] At inference, a software application may preprocess the captured image prior to submission to the trained model. Preprocessing may include resizing the image, normalization of pixel values, and optionally detection and cropping of the measuring component within the frame. The processed image is then provided to the trained CNN, optionally together with auxiliary user-specific inputs such as height, facial measurements, or a face embedding if the model has been configured to receive these, which outputs the recommended spacer attachment size and / or shape directly. In some2025PF00029

[0188] 22 29.09.2025

[0189] embodiments, the CNN further generates a confidence score associated with the recommendation. If the confidence score falls below a defined threshold, the system may generate a request for the user to recapture the image and / or supply additional information. The output recommendation, once accepted, forms the basis for selecting or fabricating the appropriate spacer attachment to be provided to the user.

[0190] Deployment of the model may be performed locally by a local processing device, for example a processing device comprised by a mobile computing device. Alternatively, deployment of the model may be performed by a remote server and wherein a user interface is implemented by a local mobile computing device to permit input / output to the model. The output of the model may comprise a recommendation indicating the spacer attachment size and / or shape to be provided to the user.

[0191] As noted above, it is not essential to provide a sizing kit for obtaining the physical sizing information.

[0192] In some embodiments, instead of or in addition to providing a sizing kit for acquiring the sizing information, the method may comprise computing the physical sizing information from image data of the user. For example, in some embodiments, the method may comprise receiving image data reflective of at least a portion of the user's face, mouth, jaw or oral cavity, and processing the image data with an image analysis module comprising one or more image analysis algorithms configured to extract from the image data the physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity.

[0193] The image analysis module may be executed by a software application running on a processor comprised by a processing device. In some embodiments, the processing device may be a processing device of a mobile computing device. In other embodiments, the processing device may be a processing device of a remote server to which the image data is transmitted.

[0194] In one example implementation, the step of obtaining physical sizing information may comprise a user capturing one or more images of their own oral or facial region using a mobile computing device, such as a smartphone or tablet comprising an integrated digital camera. The software application running on the mobile device may guide the user through the image acquisition process by presenting onscreen instructions or overlays.

[0195] Once acquired, the image data may be provided to an image analysis module, which may be executed locally on a processing device of the mobile computing device or remotely on a processing device comprised by a server via data transmission. In either case, the image analysis module is configured to process the image data to extract the physical sizing information relating to the user's oral cavity.

[0196] The image analysis module may employ a pipeline of one or more image processing and / or analysis algorithms. For instance, a first algorithm may be configured to perform face or mouth detection using a trained neural network, thereby isolating regions of interest within the image. A subsequent segmentation algorithm may delineate specific anatomical structures such as lips, teeth, gingiva, or jaw contours. In some embodiments, classical image processing techniques such as edge detection, Hough transforms, or contour fitting may be combined with machine learning-based techniques2025PF00029

[0197] 23 29.09.2025

[0198] such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained for semantic segmentation of dental features. This combination of approaches provides robustness to variability in lighting, pose, and image quality.

[0199] Alternatively, a convolutional neural network may be trained to map directly from an image input to an output comprising a representation of the physical sizing information.

[0200] Following segmentation, the image analysis module may be configured to execute one or more feature extraction algorithms configured to derive quantitative measurements from the identified anatomical landmarks. For instance, by way of non-limiting example, the one or more feature extraction algorithms may be configured to detect the positions of the left and right first molars, the canines, and / or the central incisors, and compute linear distances such as inter-molar width, inter-canine width, arch length, and / or arch perimeter. Shape analysis algorithms may in some examples be configured to classify the arch form as tapered, ovoid, or square by fitting geometric models to the detected tooth positions. One or more algorithms may be provided configured to estimate mesio-distal tooth widths by measuring pixel distances between identified crown boundaries and optionally applying scale factors derived from calibration references.

[0201] In some embodiments, calibration may be achieved by including a reference marker within the image. For example, the mobile application may be configured to instruct the user to hold a calibration card, a disposable bite stick, or another object of known dimensions within the field of view during image capture. The image analysis module may detect this reference object and use it to convert pixel measurements into metric units (e.g., millimeters). In alternative embodiments, scale factors may be estimated from known average dimensions of specific teeth, or from device-specific camera calibration parameters stored within the software.

[0202] The output of the image analysis module is the physical sizing information, which may encompass any one or more of the metrics defined above, such as (by way of non-limiting example) intermolar width, inter-canine width, arch length, arch perimeter, arch curvature, tooth width, tooth orientation, or occlusal vertical dimension. This sizing information may then be passed to subsequent steps of the method for use in selecting, recommending, or fabricating a spacer attachment of appropriate size and / or shape. In this way, the acquisition of simple image data by the user, coupled with automated image analysis, enables generation of reliable physical sizing information without the need for clinical measurement instruments.

[0203] Any of the optional features or implementation details outlined in this disclosure in relation to embodiments of the invention employing the sizing kit to acquire the physical sizing information may be applied also to embodiments which do not employ a sizing kit. Embodiments of the invention described above employ a processing device. The processing device may in general comprise a single processor or a plurality of processors. It may be located in a single containing device, structure or unit, or it may be distributed between a plurality of different devices, structures or units.

[0204] Reference therefore to the processing device being adapted or configured to perform a particular step or task may correspond to that step or task being performed by any one or more of a plurality of processing2025PF00029

[0205] 24 29.09.2025

[0206] components, either alone or in combination. The skilled person will understand how such a distributed processing device can be implemented. The processing device includes a communication module or input / output for receiving data and outputting data to further components.

[0207] The one or more processors of the processing device can be implemented in numerous ways, with software and / or hardware, to perform the various functions required. A processor typically employs one or more microprocessors that may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform the required functions. The processor may be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry to perform other functions.

[0208] Examples of circuitry that may be employed in various embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, conventional microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0209] In various implementations, the processor may be associated with one or more storage media such as volatile and non-volatile computer memory such as RAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. The storage media may be encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more processors and / or controllers, perform the required functions. Various storage media may be fixed within a processor or controller or may be transportable, such that the one or more programs stored thereon can be loaded into a processor.

[0210] Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality.

[0211] A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims.

[0212] The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0213] A computer program may be stored / distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.

[0214] If the term “adapted to” is used in the claims or description, it is noted the term “adapted to” is intended to be equivalent to the term “configured to”.

[0215] Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

2025PF0002925 29.09.2025CLAIMS:

1. A method (10) for providing a spacer attachment (62) for an intraoral sensing device (70), the intraoral sensing device comprising at least one sensing component (72) and wherein the spacer attachment is configured to define during use a spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device, the method comprising:providing (14) a spacer attachment (62), wherein a size and / or shape of the spacer attachment is chosen (24) based on physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing the spacer attachment comprises selecting one spacer attachment from a set (60) of spacer attachments (62a, 62b, 62c) having different shapes and / or sizes based on the acquired physical sizing information.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising providing (16) a sizing kit (40) comprising one or more measuring components (42) operable by a user to acquire (22) the physical sizing information (50) relating to the user’s oral cavity.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more measuring components comprise one or more bite pieces (82) configured to be positioned within the user’s oral cavity.

5. The method of claim 4,wherein each of the one or more bite pieces is configured to leave one or more physical marks (84) responsive to being bitten by a user, indicative of physical engagement by teeth or oral surfaces, and wherein locations of the physical marks relative to the bite piece provides the physical sizing information.optionally wherein each of the one or more bite pieces further comprises pre-applied size reference markings, and wherein the locations of the bite-induced physical marks relative to the size reference markings provides the physical sizing information.

6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein each of the one or more bite pieces comprises a paper-based bite piece.

7. The method of any of claims 3-6, wherein the one or more measuring components comprise an adjustable measurement device having a mechanically adjustable dimension.2025PF0002926 29.09.20258. The method of any of claims 3-7,wherein acquiring the physical sizing information using the one or more measuring components comprises modifying a visibly discernible physical characteristic of a measuring component; andwherein the method further comprises:receiving an image of the one or more measuring components captured after acquiring the physical sizing information, andgenerating a recommendation relating to the size and / or shape for the spacer attachment based on the captured image.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein generating the recommendation comprises use of a recommendation algorithm configured to receive at least a portion of the image as an input and to generate the recommendation as an output.

10. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising a step of providing the intraoral sensing device, and optionally wherein the sizing kit is provided at a same time as providing the intraoral sensing device.

11. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one sensing component comprises an imaging device.

12. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the physical sizing information is indicative of jaw size and / or tooth size information.

13. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the method comprises:receiving image data reflective of at least a portion of the user’s face, mouth, jaw or oral cavity, andprocessing the image data with an image analysis module comprising one or more image analysis algorithms configured to extract from the image data the physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

14. A system for selecting a spacer attachment for an intraoral sensing device based on sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity, the system comprising:a set of two or more spacer attachments having different shapes and / or sizes, wherein one spacer attachment is selectable from the set of spacer attachments based on acquired physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity; and2025PF0002927 29.09.2025optionally further comprising a sizing kit comprising one or more measuring components operable by a user to acquire the physical sizing information relating to the user’s oral cavity.

15. The system of claim 14,wherein the system further comprises the intraoral sensing device, the intraoral sensing device comprising at least one sensing component; andwherein each of the set of spacer attachments is attachable to the intraoral sensing device and configured to define, during use, a spacing between the at least one sensing component and an oral surface when attached to the intraoral sensing device.

Images