Communication related to synchronization signal

Abstract

A disclosure of the present specification provides a method. The method may comprise the steps in which: a UE receives, from a PCell, information related to a first SSB of an SCell; the UE receives, from the PCell, information related to a second SSB of the SCell; and the UE receives an SCell activation command from the PCell.

Description

Communication related to synchronization signals

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communication.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communication. Many methods have been proposed to achieve LTE goals, such as reducing costs for users and operators, improving service quality, expanding coverage, and increasing system capacity. As high-level requirements, 3GPP LTE demands reduced cost per bit, improved service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple structure, open interfaces, and appropriate power consumption of terminals.

[0003] Work has begun at the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components necessary to successfully standardize NR in a timely manner, satisfying both urgent market demands and the longer-term requirements presented by the ITU-R (ITU Radio communication sector) IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR must be able to utilize any spectrum band up to at least 110 GHz so that it can be used for wireless communication even in the distant future.

[0004] NR targets a single technical framework that covers all deployment scenarios, usage scenarios, and requirements, including eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband), mMTC (massive Machine Type-Communications), and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications). NR must be forward compatible by nature.

[0005] On-demand Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block (SSB) has been introduced to save network energy. However, according to the prior art, there is a problem in that always-on SSB and / or on-demand SSB are not supported when the terminal performs SCell activation.

[0006] In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method may include the step of a UE receiving information related to a first SSB of a SCell from a PCell; the step of the UE receiving information related to a second SSB of the SCell from the PCell; and the step of the UE receiving a SCell activation command from the PCell.

[0007] In another aspect, a device for implementing the above method is provided.

[0008] In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method may include the step of a PCell transmitting information related to a first SSB of a SCell to a UE; the step of the PCell transmitting information related to a second SSB of the SCell to the UE; and the step of the PCell receiving a SCell activation command from the UE.

[0009] In another aspect, a device for implementing the above method is provided.

[0010] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0011] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0012] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0013] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0014] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0015] FIGS. 6a through 6e illustrate an example of a RACH procedure applicable to one embodiment of the disclosure of this specification.

[0016] FIG. 7 shows an example of an OD-SSB according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 8 shows an example of SSB adaptation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 9 is T according to one embodiment of the present disclosure SMTC_MAX and T FirstSSB_MAX This is an example of.

[0019] FIG. 10 shows T in Case 1 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. SMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0020] FIG. 11 shows T in Case 1 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FirstSMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0021] FIG. 12 shows T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. SMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0022] FIG. 13 is an example of an operation related to an effective period according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIGS. 14a through 14f illustrate T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FirstSMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0024] FIGS. 15a and 15b illustrate T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FirstSMTC_MAX and TEffective_FirstSMTC_MAX are examples.

[0025] FIG. 16 is an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] The following techniques, devices, and systems may be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Multi-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented through wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL).

[0027] The following techniques, devices, and systems may be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented through wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long-term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL). Evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (new radio).

[0028] For convenience of explanation, the implementation of this specification is described primarily in relation to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. However, the technical characteristics of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, the following detailed description is provided based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, but aspects of this specification that are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems may be applied to other mobile communication systems.

[0029] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to this specification.

[0030] In this specification, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Alternatively, in this specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in this specification, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0031] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean “and / or.” For example, “A / B” may mean “A and / or B.” Accordingly, “A / B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B, or C.”

[0032] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as synonymous with “at least one of A and B.”

[0033] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Furthermore, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0034] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “Control Information (PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” In other words, “Control Information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “Control Information (i.e., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.”

[0035] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0036] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be applied to various fields where wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G) is required.

[0037] The present specification will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and / or description, the same reference numerals may refer to the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or function blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0038] In the attached drawings, User Equipment (UE) is illustrated by way of example, but the illustrated UE may also be referred to by terms such as Terminal, Mobile Equipment (ME), etc. Furthermore, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, mobile phone, PDA, smartphone, multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC, vehicle-mounted device, etc.

[0039] Hereinafter, UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device capable of wireless communication (or a wireless device, or a wireless device). Operations performed by the UE may be performed by a wireless communication device. A wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, a wireless device, etc.

[0040] The term "base station" as used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may be referred to by other terms such as eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, and gNB (Next generation NodeB).

[0041] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0042] The 5G usage scenario shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and the technical features of this specification may be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not shown in FIG. 1.

[0043] The three main requirements categories for 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) category.

[0044] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, while others may focus on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases using flexible and reliable methods.

[0045] eMBB far surpasses basic mobile internet access and covers rich interactive tasks and media and entertainment applications in the cloud and augmented reality. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be available for the first time. In 5G, voice processing is expected to be simplified as an application that leverages the data connectivity provided by the communication system. The main cause of traffic growth is the increase in content size and the rise of applications requiring high data transfer speeds. As more devices connect to the internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet access will become more widely used. Many of these applications require an always-on connection to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing on mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the increase in uplink data transfer speeds. 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud. When using haptic interfaces, 5G requires much lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. For example, entertainment such as cloud gaming and video streaming is another key factor increasing the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets in all places, including highly mobile environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality for entertainment and information retrieval. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0046] Furthermore, one of the most anticipated use cases for 5G relates to mMTC, the ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all fields. Potentially, the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is expected to reach 240 million by 2020. Industrial IoT plays a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0047] URLLC includes ultra-reliable, low-latency links for new services that will transform industries through the remote control of primary infrastructure, as well as for autonomous vehicles. Reliability and low latency are essential for controlling smart grids, automating industries, achieving robotics, and controlling and coordinating drones.

[0048] 5G is a means to deliver gigabits per second from streaming rated at hundreds of megabits per second, and it can complement Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or Docsis). Such high speeds are necessary to deliver TV with resolutions of 4K or higher (6K, 8K or higher), as well as virtual and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include highly immersive sports games. Specific applications may require specialized network configurations. For example, in the case of VR games, game companies must integrate core servers with network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0049] Automobiles are expected to become a new and significant driving force in 5G, along with numerous use cases for in-vehicle mobile communication. For example, passenger entertainment requires broadband mobile communication with high simultaneous capacity and high mobility. This is because future users will continue to expect high-quality connectivity regardless of location or speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is the AR dashboard. AR dashboards enable drivers to identify objects in dark areas beyond those visible through the windshield, and display the distance to objects and their movement by overlapping information delivery to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and support infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanying pedestrians). Safety systems reduce the risk of accidents by guiding drivers through alternative behavioral processes to drive more safely. The next step will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This requires extremely high reliability and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles, as well as between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will focus only on abnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot identify. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to raise traffic safety to a level unattainable by humans.

[0050] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, referred to as a smart society, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost-effective and energy-efficient maintenance of cities or homes. A similar configuration can be applied to individual households. All temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances will be wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors generally have low data transmission speeds, low power consumption, and low costs. However, real-time HD video may be required by certain types of devices for monitoring.

[0051] Automated control of distribution sensor networks is required to decentralize energy consumption and distribution, including heat and gas, to a higher level. Smart grids utilize digital information and communication technologies to collect data and interconnect sensors to operate based on the collected information. Since this information may include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels, such as electricity, through methods such as efficiency, reliability, economic viability, production sustainability, and automation. A smart grid can also be regarded as another sensor network with low latency.

[0052] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the 5G use scenarios. The health sector includes many applications that can benefit from mobile communication. Communication systems can support telemedicine, which provides clinical treatment from remote locations. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are not consistently available in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to perform critical treatments and save lives in emergency situations. Mobile communication-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0053] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring incurs high installation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the potential to replace cables with reconfigurable wireless links presents an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, achieving this replacement requires establishing wireless connections with latency, reliability, and capacity comparable to cables, as well as simplifying the management of these connections. With the demand for 5G connections, low latency and a very low probability of error are new requirements.

[0054] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases of mobile communications that utilize location-based information systems to enable inventory and package tracking anywhere. While these use cases generally require low data rates, they necessitate location information with wide range and reliability.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (1) includes wireless devices (100a to 100f), a base station (BS) (200), and a network (300). FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system (1), but the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to a 5G system and can be applied to future communication systems beyond a 5G system.

[0056] The base station (200) and the network (300) can be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device can operate as a base station / network node in relation to another wireless device.

[0057] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) represent devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may also be referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may include, but are not limited to, robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), portable devices (100d), home appliances (100e), IoT devices (100f), and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs) and head-up displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signs, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0058] In this specification, wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA (personal digital assistant), a PMP (portable multimedia player), a navigation system, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a 5G service-related device, or a device related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0059] For example, a UAV can be an aircraft that is not on board and is navigated by radio control signals.

[0060] For example, a VR device may include a device for implementing objects or backgrounds in a virtual environment. For example, an AR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, an MR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them with objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device for implementing a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and playing back stereoscopic information using the phenomenon of light interference that occurs when two laser lights called holograms meet.

[0061] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or an image device that can be worn on a user's body.

[0062] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or operation. For instance, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0063] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used to diagnose, treat, alleviate, or correct an injury or damage. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a therapeutic device, a driving device, a (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid, or a surgical device.

[0064] For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent potential risks and maintain safety. For example, a security device may be a camera, closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0065] For example, a fintech device may be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a POS system.

[0066] For example, a weather / environment device may include a device for monitoring or predicting the weather / environment.

[0067] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a network after 5G. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (200) / network (300). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) / V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0068] Wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and / or between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) and / or between base station (200). Here, the wireless communication / connections can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D (device-to-device) communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access and backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals in this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and a resource allocation process.

[0069] AI refers to the field of researching artificial intelligence or the methodologies to create it, while machine learning refers to the field of researching methodologies to define and solve various problems within the realm of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through continuous experience.

[0070] A robot can refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates given tasks based on its own capabilities. In particular, a robot equipped with the ability to perceive its environment, make independent judgments, and perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, and military types depending on their purpose or field of use. Robots are equipped with drive units, including actuators or motors, to perform various physical movements, such as moving robot joints. Additionally, mobile robots include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., in their drive units, enabling them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0071] Autonomous driving refers to technology that drives itself, and an autonomous vehicle refers to a vehicle that drives without user intervention or with minimal user intervention. For example, autonomous driving can include technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, automatically adjusting speed like adaptive cruise control, driving automatically along a predetermined route, and automatically setting a route and driving once a destination is set. The term "vehicle" encompasses vehicles equipped solely with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped solely with electric motors; it can include not only automobiles but also trains and motorcycles. An autonomous vehicle can be viewed as a robot equipped with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0072] Augmented Reality is a collective term for VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects or backgrounds solely as CG images, AR technology provides virtual CG images superimposed on images of real objects, and MR technology is a CG technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it displays real-world and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference in that while virtual objects in AR technology are used to complement real-world objects, virtual and real objects in MR technology are used as equal entities.

[0073] NR supports multiple numerologies or subcarrier spacings (SCS) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0074] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (e.g., FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, as illustrated in the examples in Tables 1 and 2.

[0075] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0076] As described above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0077] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0078] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE MTC, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. For example, ZigBee technology may create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0079] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals to / from an external device via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR).

[0081] In FIG. 2, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to at least one of the {wireless devices (100a~100f) and base station (200)}, {wireless devices (100a~100f) and wireless devices (100a~100f)} and / or {base station (200) and base station (200)} of FIG. 1.

[0082] The first wireless device (100) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (106), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (101), and / or one or more antennas (108).

[0083] The processing chip (101) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (102), and at least one memory, such as a memory (104). FIG. 2 is shown as an example in which the memory (104) is included in the processing chip (101). Additionally and / or generally, the memory (104) may be placed outside the processing chip (101).

[0084] The processor (102) can control the memory (104) and / or the transceiver (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). The processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and process the second information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (104).

[0085] Memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) so as to be operable. Memory (104) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (104) may store software code (105) that implements instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, software code (105) may implement instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more protocols. For example, software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0086] Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (108). Each transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be interchangeably used with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this specification, the first wireless device (100) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0087] The second wireless device (200) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (206), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (201), and / or one or more antennas (208).

[0088] The processing chip (201) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (202), and at least one memory, such as a memory (204). FIG. 2 is shown as an example in which the memory (204) is included in the processing chip (201). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (204) may be placed outside the processing chip (201).

[0089] The processor (202) can control the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). The processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and process the fourth information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (204).

[0090] Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) so as to be operable. Memory (204) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (204) may store software code (205) that implements instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, software code (205) may implement instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more protocols. For example, software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0091] Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (208). Each transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeably used with an RF unit. In this specification, the second wireless device (200) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0092] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a PHY (physical) layer, a MAC (media access control) layer, a RLC (radio link control) layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a RRC (radio resource control) layer, and an SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more PDUs (protocol data units) and / or one or more SDUs (service data units) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification.

[0093] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and / or microcomputers. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, and / or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). Descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware and / or software, and the firmware and / or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, and functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0094] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may consist of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0095] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, wireless signals, etc., to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, wireless signals, etc. from one or more other devices.

[0096] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas (108, 208) may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0097] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can up-convert an OFDM baseband signal into an OFDM signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal into an OFDM baseband signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202).

[0098] In an implementation of this specification, the UE may operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL; uplink) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL; downlink). In an implementation of this specification, the base station may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. For technical convenience, it is generally assumed that the first wireless device (100) operates as a UE and the second wireless device (200) operates as a base station. For example, a processor (102) connected to, mounted on, or released to the first wireless device (100) may be configured to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (106) to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification. A processor (202) connected to, mounted on, or released to the second wireless device (200) may be configured to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (206) to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification.

[0099] In this specification, the base station may be referred to as Node B, eNode B, or gNB.

[0100] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0101] Wireless devices can be implemented in various forms depending on the use example / service (see FIG. 1).

[0102] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (100, 200) may correspond to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 2 and may be composed of various components, devices / parts and / or modules. For example, each wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication device (110), a control device (120), a memory device (130), and additional components (140). The communication device (110) may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 2. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication device (110), the memory device (130), and the additional component (140) and controls the overall operation of each wireless device (100, 200). For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of each wireless device (100, 200) based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory device (130). The control device (120) can transmit information stored in the memory device (130) to an external (e.g., other communication device) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external (e.g., other communication device) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface in the memory device (130).

[0103] The additional component (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device (100, 200). For example, the additional component (140) may include at least one of a power device / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The wireless device (100, 200) may be implemented in the form of, but is not limited to, a robot (100a in FIG. 1), a vehicle (100b-1 and 100b-2 in FIG. 1), an XR device (100c in FIG. 1), a portable device (100d in FIG. 1), a home appliance (100e in FIG. 1), an IoT device (100f in FIG. 1), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (400 in FIG. 1), a base station (200 in FIG. 1), or a network node. The wireless device (100, 200) may be used in a mobile or fixed location depending on the use example / service.

[0104] In FIG. 3, the entirety of the various components, devices / parts and / or modules of the wireless device (100, 200) may be connected to each other via a wired interface, or at least some of them may be connected wirelessly via a communication device (110). For example, in each wireless device (100, 200), the control device (120) and the communication device (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control device (120) and the first device (e.g., 130 and 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication device (110). Each component, device / part and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control device (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. As an example, the control device (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory device (130) may be composed of RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0105] <NR에서의 동작 대역>

[0106] The operating band in NR is as follows.

[0107] The operating bands in Table 3 below are operating bands that have been refarmed from the LTE / LTE-A operating bands. These are called the FR1 bands.

[0108] NR Operating Band Uplink (UL) Operating Band Downlink (DL) Operating Band Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_highn11920 MHz - 1980 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDDn21850 MHz - 1910 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzFDDn31710 MHz - 1785 MHz1805 MHz - 1880 MHzFDDn5824 MHz - 849 MHz869 MHz - 894 MHzFDDn72500 MHz - 2570 MHz2620 MHz - 2690 MHzFDDn8880 MHz - 915 MHz925 MHz - 960 MHzFDDn12699 MHz - 716 MHz729 MHz - 746 MHzFDDn20832 MHz - 862 MHz791 MHz - 821 MHzFDDn251850 MHz - 1915 MHz1930 MHz - 1995 MHzFDDn28703 MHz - 748 MHz758 MHz - 803 MHzFDDn342010 MHz - 2025 MHz2010 MHz - 2025 MHzTDDn382570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzTDDn391880 MHz - 1920 MHz1880 MHz - 1920 MHzTDDn402300 MHz - 2400 MHz2300 MHz - 2400 MHzTDDn412496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDDn501432 MHz - 1517 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzTDD1n511427 MHz - 1432 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzTDDn661710 MHz - 1780 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDDn701695 MHz - 1710 MHz1995 MHz - 2020 MHzFDDn71663 MHz - 698 MHz617 MHz - 652 MHzFDDn741427 MHz - 1470 MHz1475 MHz - 1518 MHzFDDn75N / A1432 MHz - 1517 MHzSDLn76N / A1427 MHz - 1432 MHzSDLn773300 MHz - 4200 MHz3300 MHz - 4200MHzTDDn783300 MHz - 3800 MHz3300 MHz - 3800 MHzTDDn794400 MHz - 5000 MHz4400 MHz - 5000 MHzTDDn801710 MHz - 1785 MHzN / ASULn81880 MHz - 915 MHzN / ASULn82832 MHz - 862 MHzN / ASULn83703 MHz - 748 MHzN / ASULn841920 MHz - 1980 MHzN / ASULn861710 MHz - 1780 MHzN / ASUL

[0109] The table below shows the NR operating band defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0110] NR Uplink (UL) Operation Downlink (DL) Operation Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high n25726500 MHz - 29500 MHz26500 MHz - 29500 MHzTDDn25824250 MHz - 27500 MHz24250 MHz - 27500 MHzTDDn25937000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzTDDn26037000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzFDDn26127500 MHz - 28350 MHz27500 MHz - 28350 MHzFDD

[0111] <6G System General>

[0112] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be seen in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 5 below. In other words, Table 5 is a table representing an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0113] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0114] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0115] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0116] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. Unlike the frequently used area spectrum efficiency, 6G systems will exhibit significantly superior volume spectrum efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, meaning mobile devices in 6G systems will not require separate charging. New network characteristics in 6G may include the following.

[0117] - Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0118] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0119] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0120] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0121] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0122] - Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0123] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0124] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0125] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0126] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0127] <Key Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0128] Artificial Intelligence

[0129] The most critical and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in 4G systems. 5G systems will support AI partially or to a very limited extent. However, 6G systems will be supported by AI for complete automation. Advancements in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0130] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0131] Recently, attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems have emerged, but these have primarily focused on the application and network layers, particularly deep learning in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, such research is increasingly advancing toward the MAC and physical layers, with attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly at the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers rather than traditional communication frameworks in terms of fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0132] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0133] Machine learning refers to a series of operations for training machines to create machines capable of performing tasks that humans can or find difficult to do. Machine learning requires data and learning models. Data learning methods in machine learning can be broadly classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0134] The purpose of neural network training is to minimize output errors. It is a process that repeatedly inputs training data into a neural network, calculates the error between the network's output and the target for the training data, and updates the weights of each node by backpropagating the error from the output layer to the input layer in a direction that reduces the error.

[0135] Supervised learning uses training data with correct answers labeled, whereas unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning regarding data classification, the training data may consist of data where each training data point is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input into a neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the network's output (category) with the labels of the training data. The calculated error is backpropagated within the neural network (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated according to this backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weights of each node being updated can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculations on the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, efficiency can be increased by using a high learning rate in the early stages of neural network training to enable the network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and accuracy can be improved by using a low learning rate in the later stages of training.

[0136] The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted from the transmitting end at the receiving end in a communication system, it is desirable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0137] A learning model corresponds to the human brain, and while the most basic linear model can be considered, a machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

[0138] The neural network cores used for learning methods are broadly classified into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN), and spiking neural networks (SNN).

[0139] THz Communication (Terahertz Communication)

[0140] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the broadband, it lies at the boundary of the broadband and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0141] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0142] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0143] Large-scale MIMO

[0144] One of the key technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is the application of MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology utilizes multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and operation technology suitable for the THz band must also be given important consideration to enable data signals to be transmitted through one or more paths.

[0145] Hologram Beam Forming (HBF)

[0146] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit wireless signals in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, such as a high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Holographic Beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it utilizes software-defined antennas. HBF is expected to be a highly effective approach for the efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0147] Optical wireless technology

[0148] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that transmits signals using visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV). OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390–750 nm) is generally referred to as Visible Light Communication (VLC). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be utilized for VLC implementation. VLC can be used in various applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and vehicle networks.

[0149] VLC offers the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is in the free / unlicensed band and can provide extensive bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC causes minimal interference to other electromagnetic devices. Therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers strengths in communication security and privacy protection. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks, namely visible light, cannot penetrate walls or other opaque obstacles. Consequently, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, thereby protecting users' personal and sensitive information. Fourth, since VLC can utilize lighting sources as base stations, expensive base stations are not required.

[0150] Free-space Optical Communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, or a vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for communication or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near-infrared frequencies (750–1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used for FSO implementation, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0151] These OWC technologies were planned for 6G communication in addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul / fronthaul network connections. Although OWC technologies have already been in use since 4G communication systems, they will be used more widely to meet the demands of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and broadband-based FSO communication are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical radio technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0152] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be utilized for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communication based on wide bandwidth. LiDAR refers to a remote sensing method that measures distance by illuminating an object with near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light and detecting the reflected light through an optical sensor. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0153] FSO Backhaul Network

[0154] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Consequently, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems in conjunction with fiber optic networks. Using FSO enables very long-distance communication over distances of more than 10,000 km. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote areas such as the ocean, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular backhaul connectivity.

[0155] Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

[0156] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and air networks to support vertically scalable user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. By adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom, 3D connectivity differs significantly from existing 2D networks. In NR, the Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) is considered as one method for this. An NTN refers to a network or network segment that utilizes RF resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). There are two common scenarios for NTNs that provide access to user equipment: transparent payload and regenerative payload. The following are the basic elements of an NTN.

[0157] - One or more sat-gateways connecting NTN to a public data network

[0158] - GEO satellites are supplied by one or more satellite gateways deployed across a satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental range). We assume that the UEs in a cell are serviced by only one satellite gateway.

[0159] - Non-GEO satellites providing continuous service from one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between continuous service satellite gateways with a time duration sufficient to perform mobility anchoring and handover.

[0160] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0161] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0162] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. Satellite (or UAS platform) generated beams typically produce multiple beams for a designated service area based on the line of sight. The beam footprint is generally elliptical. The satellite (or UAS platform)'s line of sight depends on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0163] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload is not altered.

[0164] - Playback Payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. This is virtually equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB).

[0165] - For satellite deployments, Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) are optional. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the broadband.

[0166] - User equipment is serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0167] Generally, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0168] Generally, LEO and MEO constellations are used to provide services in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations may provide global coverage, including the polar regions. For this to work, appropriate orbital inclination, a sufficiently generated beam, and inter-satellite links are required.

[0169] Quantum Communication

[0170] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that applies quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communications to overcome the limitations of existing technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computing. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be represented in the form of 0 and 1 based on binary bits used in conventional communication technologies, or that is difficult to represent. While conventional communication technologies utilize wavelength or amplitude for information transmission between a transmitter and a receiver, quantum communication, in contrast, utilizes photons—the smallest unit of light—for this purpose. In particular, since quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be applied to the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), quantum communication possesses the characteristic of enabling communication with guaranteed perfect security. Furthermore, under specific conditions, quantum communication may enable ultra-high-speed communication by utilizing quantum entanglement.

[0171] Cell-free Communication

[0172] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial in 6G systems. Consequently, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without the need for any manual configuration on their devices. The best network among available communication technologies is automatically selected. This will break the limitations of the cellular concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes excessive handovers in high-density networks, leading to handover failures, delays, data loss, and the "ping-pong" effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these issues and provide better QoS.

[0173] Cell-free communication is defined as a “system in which multiple geographically distributed access points (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time and frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU.” A single terminal is served by a set of multiple APs, which is called an AP cluster. There are various ways to form an AP cluster; among them, the method of configuring an AP cluster with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the terminal's reception performance is called terminal-centric clustering. When using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By introducing this terminal-centric AP clustering technique, the terminal is always located at the center of the AP cluster, thereby becoming free from inter-cluster interference that can occur when a terminal is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies, as well as heterogeneous radios used by different devices.

[0174] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0175] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transmission during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifespan of wireless battery charging systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

[0176] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0177] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously detecting dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0178] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0179] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected via backhaul connections such as fiber optics and FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

[0180] Big Data Analysis

[0181] Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large-scale data sets or big data. This process ensures perfect data management by uncovering information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer preferences. Big data is collected from various sources, such as video, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process vast amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0182] Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0183] Numerous studies have been conducted that treat the wireless environment, along with transmitters and receivers, as a variable to be optimized. To emphasize the fundamental difference between wireless environments created through this approach and past design and optimization standards, they are referred to as Smart Radio Environments (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environments (IRE). Regarding reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) as a technology for realizing SRE, various terms have been proposed, such as Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0184] THz band signals exhibit strong directivity, which can lead to numerous dead zones caused by obstacles. Consequently, RIS technology becomes crucial as it allows for the expansion of communication coverage, enhanced communication stability, and the provision of additional value-added services by installing RIS near these dead zones. An RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials capable of altering the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS may appear to be an extension of massive MIMO, it differs from massive MIMO in its array structure and operational mechanism. Furthermore, RIS offers the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements—meaning it reflects signals passively without using an active RF chain. Additionally, since each passive reflector in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, this can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift through the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0185] There are also RISs that can control transmission and refraction characteristics as well as reflect wireless signals, and such RISs are mainly used for O2I (Outdoor to Indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides transmission and reflection simultaneously, is also being actively researched.

[0186] Metaverse

[0187] Metaverse is a compound word formed from 'Meta,' meaning virtual or transcendent, and 'Universe,' meaning the universe. Generally, the term metaverse is used to mean something like 'a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities similar to those in the real world are prevalent.'

[0188] Extended Reality (XR), a core technology for implementing the metaverse, can expand real-world experiences and provide a unique sense of immersion through the convergence of the virtual and the real. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks enable users to experience Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) with enhanced immersion.

[0189] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0190] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to alert one another to dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to verify information like parking locations and signal change times. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, including wireless communication between vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I).

[0191] Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety. Furthermore, as the amount of information to be transmitted and received increases significantly in the future—moving beyond the level of delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations—it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving through faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0192] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0193] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones will become a critical element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity is provided using UAV technology. BS entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled degrees of freedom for mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most critical technologies for 6G communication.

[0194] Blockchain

[0195] Blockchain will become a critical technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. As a form of distributed ledger technology, a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed via a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data in a blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. These blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain inherently complements large-scale IoT perfectly through enhanced interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides various capabilities such as inter-device interoperability, large-scale data traceability, autonomous interaction with other IoT systems, and the large-scale connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0196] <Random Access Channel (RACH) 절차>

[0197] FIGS. 6a through 6e illustrate an example of a RACH procedure applicable to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0198] With reference to FIGS. 6a through 6e, a RACH procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is described. The embodiment of FIGS. 6a through 6e may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0199] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, where RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements) are described, the UE may satisfy these RF requirements. For example, the UE may be tested to satisfy RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a UE satisfying these RF requirements may perform a RACH procedure. When the UE transmits a message, data, signaling, etc. to a gNB, the UE satisfies the Tx RF performance requirements described in the first embodiment of this specification. When the UE receives a message, data, signaling, etc. from a gNB, the UE satisfies the Rx RF performance requirements described in the first embodiment of this specification.

[0200] To connect a UE to a 5G network, the UE and the 5G network must be synchronized in the uplink and downlink. Downlink synchronization is performed when the UE successfully decodes the SSB transmitted by the gNB. To establish uplink synchronization and an RRC connection, the UE must perform the RACH random access procedure.

[0201] Two types of random access procedures are supported. The two types of random access procedures are a 4-stage Random Access (RA) type using MSG1 and a 2-stage RA type using MSGA.

[0202] The two types of RA procedures can support Contention Based Random Access (CBRA) and Contention Free Random Access (CFRA), respectively, as shown in Figures 6a through 6e below. The UE can select the random access type when starting the random access procedure according to the network configuration.

[0203] Referring to Figures 6a and 6c, a four-step RA type using MSG1 is described.

[0204] The MSG1 of the 4-step RA type includes a PRACH preamble. The UE transmits the MSG1. After the UE transmits the MSG1, the UE monitors the network for a response within a set period.

[0205] In the case of a CBRA according to the example of Fig. 6a, when the UE receives a random access response (MSG2) from the gNB, the UE can transmit MSG3 using a UL grant scheduled by the response message. The UE can then monitor contention resolution. If contention resolution is not successful even after MSG3 (re)transmission, the UE performs MSG1 transmission again.

[0206] In the case of CFRA according to the example of Fig. 6c, a dedicated preamble for transmitting MSG1 is allocated by the network. The gNB transmits the RA preamble allocation to the UE. The UE transmits MSG1 containing the random access preamble to the gNB. When the UE receives a random access response from the network, it terminates the random access procedure.

[0207] Referring to FIGS. 6b, 6d, and 6e, a two-stage RA type is described. The MSGA of the two-stage RA type includes a random access preamble of PRACH and a PUSCH payload. After the UE transmits the MSGA, the UE monitors the response of the network within a set window.

[0208] In the case of a CBRA according to the example of Fig. 6b, if the UE successfully resolves a race after receiving a network response (e.g., MSGB), the UE terminates the random access procedure. If a fallback indication is received within MSGB, the UE performs an MSG3 transmission using the UL grant reserved in the fallback indication as in Fig. 6e and monitors race resolution. If the resolution is not successful after the MSG3 (re)transmission, the UE performs an MSGA transmission again.

[0209] In the case of CFRA according to the example of Fig. 6d, the UE can receive an RA preamble allocation and a PUSCH allocation from the gNB. Then, dedicated preamble and PUSCH resources can be set for MSGA transmission. The UE transmits MSGA. When the UE receives a network response, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0210] If the random access procedure of the 2-stage RA type is not completed even after several MSGA transfers, the UE may be configured to switch to the CBRA of the 4-stage RA type.

[0211] Various examples of some procedures and / or technical specifications related to the present disclosure are as follows. For the various examples below, standard documents may also be referenced.

[0212] In NR-based communication systems, unlike LTE-based communication systems, always-on signals have been significantly reduced. For example, in LTE, base stations always transmitted CRS. In contrast, in NR, base stations can transmit Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) based on the network configuration, with a period of at least 5ms to a maximum of 160ms. For reference, SSB may also refer to Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block.

[0213] As the number of Always-on signals that can always be transmitted regardless of traffic decreases, NR-based communication systems have achieved superior power saving benefits in terms of network compared to LTE-based communication systems.

[0214] Nevertheless, even in NR-based communication systems, there was a disadvantage in that the SSB settings could not be changed based on the presence or absence of a terminal and / or traffic. For example, when a terminal is not present in a cell, or even when a terminal is present but there is no traffic and the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the base station may periodically transmit SSBs and consume power.

[0215] For reference, in this disclosure, the term terminal may be used with the same meaning as UE.

[0216] If, in NR-based communication, the base station can turn the SSB on / off as needed or change the SSB cycle more dynamically, it will be possible to obtain greater power saving benefits from a network perspective.

[0217] To obtain the aforementioned benefits, an on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) is being discussed. In the disclosure of this specification, on-demand SSB, OD-SSB, on-demand SSB, OD SSB, and on demand SSB may all be used as terms with the same meaning.

[0218] Specifically, 3GPP is discussing on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) as a method of instructing a terminal on the presence or absence of an SSB transmitted from a secondary cell (SCell). Referring to Figure 7 below, examples of assumptions and / or scenarios regarding on-demand SSB will be explained in more detail.

[0219] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0220] FIG. 7 shows an example of an OD-SSB according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0221] The example in Fig. 7 is an example of a scenario in which an on-demand SSB is transmitted.

[0222] In the example of FIG. 7, an OD-SSB indication is illustrated. The OD-SSB indication may be interpreted as an OD-SSB instruction. The OD-SSB indication may also be referred to as information related to OD-SSB. Hereinafter, OD-SSB indication, information related to OD-SSB, OD-SSB information, OD-SSB instruction, OD-SSB activation instruction, OD-SSB activation information, and information related to OD-SSB activation may all be described as terms with the same meaning.

[0223] The terminal may receive an OD-SSB indication from the network. For example, the serving cell may transmit an OD-SSB indication to the terminal. For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, the term terminal may be used interchangeably with User Equipment (UE).

[0224] Referring to FIG. 7, the terminal can receive SCell settings from the NW. For example, the terminal can receive SCell-related settings from the PCell. When the terminal receives SCell settings from the NW, the terminal can receive OD-SSB instructions. For example, a base station (e.g., PCell) can transmit OD-SSB instructions to the terminal.

[0225] In this situation, the terminal may not expect to detect or measure the OD-SSB before receiving the OD-SSB instruction. For example, the terminal may not expect to receive the OD-SSB before receiving the OD-SSB instruction.

[0226] The terminal may receive instructions for OD-SSB based on Medium Access Control Element (MAC-CE) or Radio Resource Control (RRC) settings (or RRC signaling). For example, the terminal may receive a MAC-CE containing an OD-SSB indication (e.g., OD-SSB enable indication) or an RRC message containing an OD-SSB indication (e.g., OD-SSB enable indication).

[0227] If the terminal receives an instruction for an OD-SSB based on MAC-CE or RRC settings, the terminal may perform detection or measurement of the OD-SSB. The terminal may also receive information related to the period and / or frequency associated with the OD-SSB (e.g., information about the frequency at which the OD-SSB is transmitted) in advance prior to the OD-SSB instruction (e.g., before the terminal receives the OD-SSB instruction). For example, a network (e.g., PCell) may transmit information related to the period and / or frequency associated with the OD-SSB (e.g., information about the frequency at which the OD-SSB is transmitted) to the terminal.

[0228] In some implementations, for OD-SSB, a non-cell defining SSB (NCD-SSB) may be assumed. For example, OD-SSB may be based on NCD-SSB.

[0229] In some implementations, the center frequency of the SSB may not be located in the sync raster used by existing terminals.

[0230] Below, Case 1 and Case 2 illustrated in FIG. 7 are described. Case 1 and Case 2 are examples of scenarios in which OD-SSB is used. The manner in which OD-SSB is used is not limited to Case 1 and Case 2.

[0231] In Case 1 of FIG. 7, the terminal may not receive an Always-on SSB (AO-SSB, or default SSB, or reference SSB) from (or in relation to) the SCell. In this case, the terminal may not expect to detect and measure an SSB before receiving an OD-SSB instruction. For example, before receiving an OD-SSB, the terminal may not expect to detect and / or measure an SSB in relation to the SCell. If the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction in Case 1, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB. For example, if the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time.

[0232] For example, the network can obtain power saving benefits by initiating SSB transmission (e.g., OD-SSB transmission) only when necessary.

[0233] For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, Always-on SSB, AO-SSB, default SSB, or reference SSB may all be used as terms with the same meaning. AO-SSB may refer to a conventional SSB that is always transmitted in a network. For example, the following description may apply to an AO-SSB (e.g., first SSB). Based on the frequency position provided by the absoluteFrequencySSB on the SCell, the transmission of the first SS / PBCH block (SSB) to the UE may be indicated.

[0234] In Case 2 of Fig. 7, the terminal may receive an AO-SSB from the SCell (or in relation to the SCell). For reference, the AO-SSB may be a cell defining SSB (CD-SSB) or an NCD-SSB. The center frequency of the AO-SSB may exist above the sync raster (or be located on the sync raster). The terminal may detect the AO-SSB based on a set period (e.g., a period related to the AO-SSB). For example, the terminal may detect the SCell's SO-SSB based on a set period. The NW may wish to use an OD-SSB as needed. In this case, the NW (e.g., PCell) may transmit an OD-SSB instruction to the terminal. If the NW wishes to send SSBs more frequently as needed, the NW may transmit an OD-SSB instruction. For example, in this case, the NW may transmit an OD-SSB instruction to the terminal. When a terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB. For example, when a terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time.

[0235] For example, a network (e.g., PCell) can transmit SSB (e.g., OD-SSB) at long intervals and, if necessary, change the SSB transmission to be more dense (e.g., change the SBB transmission interval to be shorter) to obtain power saving benefits.

[0236] However, according to the prior art, there is a problem in that the terminal is not supported to perform measurements based on always-on SSB and / or on-demand SSB. Additionally, according to the prior art, there is a problem in that when the terminal performs SCell activation, the always-on SSB and / or on-demand SSB are not effectively and / or accurately supported.

[0237] Referring to Fig. 8, an example of SSB adaptation is explained.

[0238] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0239] FIG. 8 shows an example of SSB adaptation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0240] To gain power consumption, a method in which the NW dynamically changes the period of the SSB is also being discussed. As shown in the example in Fig. 8, the terminal can receive an SSB adaptation indication at a certain point in time. In this case, the terminal can receive the SSB based on the changed period.

[0241] The terminal can receive an SSB adaptation indication for an SSB transmitted from a Primary Cell (PCell) and / or a Secondary Cell (SCell). The PCell and / or SCell can transmit the SSB adaptation indication to the terminal.

[0242] Explains an example of the SCell activation delay requirement.

[0243] The terminal may receive a SCell activation instruction (or command) from a base station (e.g., PCell). After receiving the SCell activation instruction, the terminal must perform valid CSI reporting and / or actions related to the SCell to be activated within the required delay time at the latest. The SCell activation delay requirement includes, in slots, the HARQ-ACK time for the SCell activation instruction, the activation time, and / or the CSI reporting preparation time. In this case, the required delay time is, for example, the activation time (T activation_time It may include ) activation time (T activation_time Depending on the respective conditions, ) may be as shown in Table 6 for the FR1 band and Table 7 for the FR2 band. The activation time includes the time taken for the terminal to perform automatic gain control (AGC) adjustment, cell detection, and / or time / frequency tracking, etc., taking into account multiple serving cells.

[0244] Case Target SCell Rule Legacy Requirement 12400ms or less based on FR1 known SCell (FR1 known SCell with measurement period <= 2400ms) Known, measurement period T FirstSSB FR1 known SCell based on a measurement period greater than 22,400ms (FR1 known SCell with measurement period > 2,400ms)T FirstSSB_MAX + T rs 3 FR1 unknown SCell with active serving cell(s) on the same band (FR1 unknown SCell with active serving cell(s) on the same band) Unknown, with ssb-PositionInBurst, TCI indication T FirstSSB_MAX + T SMTC_MAX + T rs4 FR1 unknown SCell without active serving cell(s) on the same band (FR1 unknown SCell without active serving cell(s) on the same band)T FirstSSB_MAX + T SMTC_MAX + 2T rs 5. FR1 unknown SCell without TCI indication in MAC-CE, and with SP CSI-RS for CSI reporting. FirstSSB_MAX + T SMTC_MAX + T rs + T L1-RSRP, measure + T L1-RSRP,report + T HARQ + max(T uncertainty_MAC + T FineTiming + 2ms, T uncertainty_SP )6FR1 unknown SCell without TCI indication in MAC-CE, and with P CSI-RS for CSI reporting (FR1 unknown SCell without TCI indication in MAC-CE, and with P CSI-RS for CSI reporting)3ms + T FirstSSB_MAX + T SMTC_MAX + T rs + T L1-RSRP,measure + T L1-RSRP,report + max(T HARQ + T uncertainty_MAC + 5ms + T FineTiming , T uncertainty_RRC + T RRC_delay )7 FR1 cell with active serving cell(s) on the same band (FR1 cell with active serving cell(s) on the same band) SSB-less 3ms

[0245] Table 6 shows the T included in the FR1 SCell activation delay requirements. activation_timeThis is an example. MAC-CE stands for Medium Access Control Element. SP CSI-RS stands for Semi-Persistent CSI Reference Signal. CSI stands for Channel State Information. TCI indication stands for Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) indication. P CSI-RS stands for Periodic CSI Reference Signal.

[0246] T FirstSSB_MAX represents the end point of the first complete SSB burst designated by SMTC. T SMTC_MAX represents the longer of the SMTC cycles between the active serving cell and the SCell to be activated within a single slot. T rs represents the SMTC cycle between activated SCells. T L1-RSRP, measure represents the L1-RSRP measurement delay. T L1-RSRP,report represents the delay in obtaining CSI reporting resources. T HARQ represents the timing between DL data transmission and ACK as defined in TS 38.213. T uncertainty_MAC represents the time interval between the PDCCH TCI, PDSCH TCI (if applicable), and the receipt of the last SCell enable command (known case), or the time interval with the first valid L1-RSRP report (unknown case) for the SCell enable command. FineTiming represents the period between the time when the terminal completes processing of the last PDCCH TCI and PDSCH TCI (if applicable) enable command and the timing of the first fully available SSB corresponding to the TCI state. uncertainty_SPrepresents the time interval between receiving an enable command for a semi-static CSI-RS resource set and receiving the last SCell enable command (known case), or the time interval since the first valid L1-RSRP report (unknown case). uncertainty_RRC represents the time interval between the receipt of the RRC configuration message for TCI's periodic CSI-RS and the receipt of the last SCell enable command (known case), or the time interval from the first valid L1-RSRP report (unknown case). RRC_delay represents the RRC procedure delay specified in TS38.331 (e.g., 10ms).

[0247] Case Target SCell Rule Legacy Requirement 8 FR2 cell with active serving cell(s) on the same band based on configured SMTC (FR2 cell with active serving cell(s) on the same band with configured SMTC) Active serving cell in the same band (SSB-less) T FirstSSB+ 5ms 9. An FR2 cell with active serving cell(s) on the same band but without configured SMTC, and the RS(s) of the activated SCell being activated is QCL-TypeD with the RS of one active serving cell on that FR2 band 3ms 10. An FR2 known SCell without an active serving cell on the same band, and with SP-CSI-RS for CSI reporting First active FR2 SCell P1: Known and unknown P2: SP-CSI-RS, P-CSI-RS 3ms + max(T uncertainty_MAC + T FineTiming + 2ms, T uncertainty_SP )11 FR2 known SCell without active serving cell on the same band, and with P-CSI-RS for CSI reporting (FR2 known SCell without active serving cell on the same band, and with P-CSI-RS for CSI reporting)max(T uncertainty_MAC + 5ms + T FineTiming , T uncertainty_RRC + T RRC_delay -T HARQ)12 FR2 unknown SCell without active serving cell on the same band, and with SP-CSI-RS for CSI reporting (FR2 unknown SCell without active serving cell on the same band, and with SP-CSI-RS for CSI reporting) 6ms + T FirstSSB_MAX + 15*T SMTC_MAX + 8*T rs + T L1-RSRP, measure + T L1-RSRP, report + T HARQ + max(T uncertainty_MAC + T FineTiming + 2ms, T uncertainty_SP )13 FR2 unknown SCell without active serving cell on the same band, and with P-CSI-RS for CSI reporting (FR2 unknown SCell without active serving cell on the same band, and with P-CSI-RS for CSI reporting)6ms + T FirstSSB_MAX + 23*T SMTC_MAX + 12*T rs + T L1-RSRP, measure + T L1-RSRP, report + T HARQ + max(T uncertainty_MAC + T FineTiming + 2ms, T uncertainty_SP )

[0248] Table 7 shows the T included in the FR2 SCell activation delay requirements. activation_time This is an example of.

[0249] In the activation delay requirements of Table 6 and / or Table 7, T SMTC_MAX It is explained as follows.

[0250] T SMTC_MAX :

[0251] - In FR1, in the case of in-band contiguous SCell activation or in the case of in-band non-contiguous SCell activation for a UE that does not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, or if the UE supports intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 and nonCollocatedTypeNR-CA-r18 is provided, T SMTC_MAX represents a longer SMTC periodicity between the active serving cell and the activated SCell, provided that the cell-specific reference signals of the active serving cell and the activated or deactivated SCell are available in the same slot; for UEs with intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 and nonCollocatedTypeNR-CA-r18 capabilities, if in-band discontinuous SCell activation is not provided or in the case of inter-band SCell activation, T SMTC_MAX is the SMTC cycle of the activated SCell. T SMTC_MAX is the SMTC cycle of the activated SCell; or

[0252] - In FR2, for in-band SCell activation, assuming Rel-15 supports only FR2 in-band CA, T SMTC_MAX is the longer SMTC period between the active serving cell and the activated SCell. In the case of SCell activation between FR2 bands, T SMTC_MAX is the SMTC cycle of the activated SCell; or

[0253] - T SMTC_MAX is limited to a minimum value of 10ms.

[0254] For reference, intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 excludes the UE Time Division Duplex (TDD)-TDD intra-band non-collocated NR-CA operation, Maximum Transmitted Timing Difference (MTTD) / Maximum Received Timing Difference (MRTD) requirements according to Table 7.5.4-1 / Table 7.6.4-2 in TS 38.133 V18.7.0, UE RF requirements for intra-band non-collocated NR-CA including 7.10A in TS 38.101-1 V18.7.0, and TDD-TDD intra-band NR-CA operation with MRTD according to Table 7.6.4-1 in TS 38.133 V18.7.0, 7.10A in TS 38.101-1 V18.7.0 (i.e., Type 2 UE). Indicates whether it supports UE RF requirements for intra-band NR-CA.

[0255] In some implementations, nonCollocatedTypeNR-CA-r18 refers to the MRTD requirements of Table 7.6.4.1 in TS38.133 V18.7.0.

[0256] In the activation delay requirements of Table 6 and / or Table 7, T FirstSSB_MAX It is explained as follows.

[0257] T FirstSSB_MAX : Time until the end of the first complete SSB burst indicated by SMTC, or slot n + (T HARQ If SMTC is not set after +3ms) / (NR slot length), it is within 5ms, and the following conditions are additionally satisfied:

[0258] - In FR1, when an in-band continuous SCell is enabled or when an in-band discontinuous SCell is enabled for a UE that does not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, an occasion where all active serving cells and the SCell being enabled or disabled transmit an SSB burst in the same slot; in the case of in-band discontinuous SCell enable or cross-band SCell enable for a UE with intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 capability, the first occasion where the active SCell begins transmitting an SSB burst; or

[0259] - In FR2, an occupancy where all active serving cells and SCells being activated or deactivated transmit SSB bursts in the same slot.

[0260] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0261] FIG. 9 is T according to one embodiment of the present disclosure SMTC_MAX and T FirstSSB_MAX This is an example of.

[0262] Fig. 9 is T SMTC_MAX and T FirstSSB_MAX Illustrates an example of.

[0263] For example, in the example of Fig. 9, T FirstSSB_MAX corresponds to the following case: the time until the end of the first complete SSB burst indicated by SMTC, or slot n + (T HARQ If SMTC is not set after +3ms) / (NR slot length), it is within 5ms, and the following conditions are additionally satisfied:

[0264] - In FR1, when an in-band continuous SCell is enabled or when an in-band non-continuous SCell is enabled for a UE that does not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, an occasion in which all active serving cells and the SCell being enabled or disabled transmit an SSB burst in the same slot; and / or

[0265] - In FR2, an occupancy where all active serving cells and SCells being activated or deactivated transmit SSB bursts in the same slot.

[0266] For example, in the example of Fig. 9, T SMTC_MAX is applicable to the following cases.

[0267] - In FR1, for contiguous SCell activation or for non-contiguous SCell activation for a UE that does not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, or if the UE supports intraBandNRCA-non-collocated-r18 and nonCollocatedTypeNR-CA-r18 is provided, T SMTC_MAX means a longer SMTC periodicity between the active serving cell and the SCell being activated, provided that the cell-specific reference signals of the active serving cell and the SCell being activated or deactivated are available in the same slot; and / or

[0268] - In FR2, for in-band SCell activation, assuming Rel-15 supports only FR2 in-band CA, T SMTC_MAX is the longer SMTC period between the active serving cell and the activated SCell. In the case of SCell activation between FR2 bands, T SMTC_MAX is the SMTC cycle of the activated SCell.

[0269] For reference, in the activation delay requirements of Table 6 and / or Table 7, Trs is described as follows.

[0270] T rs is the SMTC period of the SCell that is activated if the UE receives SMTC settings for the corresponding SCell within the SCell add message. Otherwise, T rs is the SS / PBCH block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) set in a measObjectNR having the same SSB frequency and subcarrier spacing. If the SMTCs of measObjectNRs having the same SSB frequency and subcarrier spacing set by the Master Node (MN) and the Secondary Node (SN) are different, T r s is one SMTC period depending on the UE implementation. For reference, measObjectNR is defined in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.7.0. If no SMTC configuration or measurement object is provided to the UE at the corresponding frequency, assuming the SSB transmission period is 5ms, T rs is T rs = 5ms is applied. If the SSB transmission period is not 5ms, there is no requirement.

[0271] Hereinafter, an example of a SCell activation delay requirement for an OD-SSB according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is described.

[0272] The terminal may receive a SCell activation instruction (or command). For example, after receiving the SCell activation instruction, the terminal must perform valid CSI reporting and / or actions related to the SCell to be activated within a delay time at the latest.

[0273] In this case, the relevant operation may vary depending on the assumptions regarding the terminal's Radio Frequency (RF) chain. If intra-band CA is configured on the terminal and the terminal receives a SCell activation instruction, the terminal may assume a single RF chain. In this case, the terminal can calculate the maximum delay time by considering all activated serving cells for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adjustment. On the other hand, even if intra-band CA is configured on the terminal, if the terminal can use multiple RF chains, or if inter-band CA is configured on the terminal, the terminal can calculate the maximum delay time by considering only the SCell to be activated.

[0274] In Case 1 and Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation, the terminal must derive the maximum delay time for SCell activation. Here, Case 1 and Case 2 may be Case 1 and Case 2 of FIG. 7. For example, Case 1 is the case where the terminal receives only OD-SSB, and Case 2 is the case where the terminal receives both OD-SSB and AO-SSB. However, if conventional terminal operation is applied, there is a problem that the terminal operation becomes ambiguous or incorrect for the following reasons.

[0275] - In Case 1, for the terminal to operate OD-SSB, it may receive OD-SSB related settings via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC). In this case, the terminal may not have received SMTC (SSB-based RRM Measurement Timing Configuration). In this case, the terminal's operation may become ambiguous when an SMTC period is required to derive the maximum delay time, or it may be set to a default value (e.g., 5ms), resulting in the incorrect delay time not being derived.

[0276] - In Case 2, since AO-SSB exists, the terminal may have SMTC settings. In Case 2, the terminal must derive the maximum delay time in three cases. The first is when only AO-SSB is used for SCell activation. In this case, conventional terminal operation may be applied. The second is when only OD-SSB is used for SCell activation. If conventional terminal operation is applied in this case, the period of OD-SSB is not applied, and the period of the SMTC associated with AO-SSB may be applied instead. Therefore, the correct delay time may not be derived. Finally, there is the case where both AO-SSB and OD-SSB are used for SCell activation. In this case, the terminal may perform measurements by combining AO-SSB and OD-SSB into a single SSB, depending on the situation. In this case, if conventional terminal operation is applied, the period of the SMTC associated with AO-SSB may be applied. Therefore, the correct delay time may not be derived in this case either. This is because, in reality, the terminal can perform measurements by combining the AO-SSB and OD-SSB into a single SSB.

[0277] In conclusion, when OD-SSB is used, there is a problem in that the terminal cannot apply the maximum delay time according to conventional technology. It is necessary to apply a maximum delay time that takes OD-SSB into account. Below, a solution to this problem is explained in more detail.

[0278] For reference, Case 1 and Case 2 below may be Case 1 and Case 2 of FIG. 7. For example, Case 1 is the case where the terminal receives only OD-SSB, and Case 2 is the case where the terminal receives both OD-SSB and AO-SSB.

[0279] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in Case 1, the terminal can derive the maximum SCell activation delay time. In this case, the terminal replaces the part related to the terminal's SMTC period with the OD-SSB period, and T SMTC_MAX ...can be derived. In this case, the terminal may apply at least one of the following methods:

[0280] - Method 1: For faster SCell activation, the terminal does not compare SMTC periodicity or OD-SSB periodicity with multiple serving cells, and T SMTC_MAX OD-SSB periodicity can be used for this purpose. For example, the following description may apply. In FR1 or FR2-1, if SMTC or AO-SSB is not set for the active SCell, for a UE that supports OD-SSB, T SMTC_MAX may be the OD-SSB cycle of the active SCell.

[0281] - Method 2: For AGC adjustment, the terminal compares multiple serving cells with SMTC periodicity (or SSB periodicity, if applicable) or OD-SSB periodicity, and T SMTC_MAX The largest periodicity can be used for. In FR1 or FR2-1, if the SMTC or AO-SSB of the active SCell is not set, for UEs supporting OD-SSB, T SMTC_MAX is the longer of the SMTC period of the active serving cell or the SSB period of the active serving cell (if applicable) and the OD-SSB period of the activated SCell. Provided, however, that the cell-specific reference signal of the active serving cell and the OD-SSB of the activated or deactivated SCell must be available in the same slot.

[0282] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0283] FIG. 10 shows T in Case 1 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. SMTC_MAX This is an example.

[0284] Figure 10 shows T in Case 1 related to OD-SSB operation. SMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0285] For example, according to Method 1, the terminal is T SMTC_MAX OD-SSB periodicity can be used for this. In the example of Fig. 10, T SMTC_MAX is OD-SSB periodicity.

[0286] For example, according to Method 2, T SMTC_MAX is the longer of the SMTC period or the SSB period of the active serving cell (if applicable) and the OD-SSB period of the activated SCell. In the example of Fig. 10, since the PCell SMTC period and the SCell OD-SSB period are the same, T SMTC_MAX is the PCell SMTC cycle or the SCell OD-SSB cycle.

[0287] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the terminal derives the SCell activation maximum delay time in Case 1, T FirstSSB_MAX The following explanation may apply to . The following is T for Case 1 FirstSSB_MAX It can be referred to as the first example of.

[0288] T FirstSSB_MAX : slot n + (T HARQIt is the time until the end of the first complete OD-SSB burst, which is not earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay indicated by the OD-SSB of the active SCell, after +3ms) / (NR slot length). The following conditions must additionally be met:

[0289] - Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot containing the index of the first SSB actually transmitted within the first possible on-demand SSB burst.

[0290] - Additional_delay is the delay for additional preparation time for receiving OD-SSB.

[0291] - In FR1, for UEs that do not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, an occupancy where all serving cells and the active or deactivated SCell transmit SSB bursts in the same slot during intra-band continuous SCell activation or intra-band discontinuous SCell activation. In this case, this occupancy is the first complete OD-SSB occupancy where the OD-SSB of the active SCell is not earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay after the OD-SSB activation indication; for UEs that support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 capability during intra-band discontinuous SCell activation, or during cross-band SCell activation, the first complete OD-SSB occupancy where the active SCell transmits an SSB burst that is not earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay after the OD-SSB activation indication; or

[0292] - In FR2, an occupancy where the active serving cell and all SCells being activated or deactivated transmit an SSB burst in the same slot. In this case, this occupancy is the first complete OD-SSB occupancy where the OD-SSB of the active SCell is not earlier than Time_instance_A+Additional_delay after the OD-SSB activation indication.

[0293] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0294] FIG. 11 shows T in Case 1 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FirstSMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0295] Figure 11 shows T in Case 1 related to OD-SSB operation. FirstSMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0296] According to the example in Fig. 11, the two OD-SSBs of SCell received within Time_instance_A + Additional_delay after the terminal receives the OD-SSB activation indication are not considered. After the terminal receives the OD-SSB activation indication, the time until the end of the first complete OD-SSB burst after Time_instance_A + Additional_delay may be the time when the third OD-SSB burst among the OD-SSBs of SCell ends. Additionally, if the following condition is applied, T in Fig. 11 FirstSMTC_MAX...is derived: - in FR1, for a UE that does not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, an occupancy where all serving cells and the SCell that is active or being deactivated transmit SSB bursts in the same slot during continuous in-band SCell activation or non-continuous in-band SCell activation; or - in FR2, an occupancy where the active serving cell and all SCells that are active or being deactivated transmit SSB bursts in the same slot. The time at which these conditions are satisfied is, in the example of FIG. 11, when the second AO-SSB burst of the PCell is completed and when the fourth OD-SSB burst of the SCell is completed. Accordingly, in the example of FIG. 11, from the time of slot n+HARQ+3ms, the time at which the second AO-SSB burst is completed and the time at which the fourth OD-SSB burst of the SCell is completed is T FirstSMTC_MAX am.

[0297] As another alternative, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, if the OD-SSB activation instruction and the SCell activation instruction are included and indicated in the same DL-SCH or PDSCH, when the terminal derives the SCell activation maximum delay time in Case 1, T FirstSSB_MAX The following explanation may apply to . The following example is T for Case 1 FirstSSB_MAX It can be referred to as a second example of.

[0298] T FirstSSB_MAX : slot n + (T HARQ It is the time of the first complete OD-SSB burst termination indicated by the OD-SSB indication (e.g., OD-SSB activation indication) of the activated SCell from +3ms) / (NR slot length). The following conditions must additionally be satisfied:

[0299] - The SCell enable command and the OD-SSB enable indication are contained in the same PDSCH or Downlink Shared Channel (DL_SCH);

[0300] - Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot containing the index of the first SSB actually transmitted within the first possible on-demand SSB burst;

[0301] - Additional_delay is the delay for additional preparation time for OD-SSB reception;

[0302] - In FR1, for UEs that do not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, when an in-band continuous SCell is enabled or an in-band discontinuous SCell is enabled, an occupancy where all active serving cells and SCells being enabled or disabled transmit SSB bursts in the same slot; for UEs that support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 capability, when an in-band discontinuous SCell is enabled or an inter-band SCell is enabled, the first occupancy where the enabled SCell transmits an SSB burst; and / or

[0303] - In FR2, an application where all active serving cells and all SCells being activated or deactivated transmit SSB bursts in the same slot.

[0304] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the terminal derives the SCell activation maximum delay time in Case 1, T rs It is as follows.

[0305] T rs : OD-SSB cycle of SCell being activated

[0306] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the terminal derives the maximum delay time for SCell activation in Case 2, and when AO-SSB is applied to SCell activation without applying OD-SSB during the SCell activation process (e.g., when SMTC is configured), the terminal is a conventional T SMTC_MAX, T FirstSSB_MAX , T rs You can also apply .

[0307] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in Case 2, the terminal can derive the maximum SCell activation delay time. In this case, if the terminal does not apply AO-SSB during the SCell activation process and applies OD-SSB to SCell activation, regardless of SMTC settings, the terminal can derive the maximum SCell activation delay time by replacing the part related to the SMTC period in the conventional maximum SCell activation delay time with the OD-SSB period. At this time, the terminal is T as described in the example related to Case 1 above. SMTC_MAX, T FirstSSB_MAX , Trs can be applied.

[0308] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in Case 2, the terminal can derive the maximum SCell activation delay time. In this case, when the terminal applies both AO-SSB and OD-SSB in combination during the SCell activation process, the terminal T SMTC_MAX Regarding this, replace the part related to the SMTC period with Effective Periodicity and T SMTC_MAX...can be derived. In this case, Effective periodicity may refer to the actual period of SSBs combined with AO-SSB or SMTC and OD-SSB. For example, assuming the combination of AO-SSB and OD-SSB as one type of SSB, the period of the SSBs assumed as one type may be the Effective periodicity. For example, referring to Fig. 13 to be described later, if AO-SSB is configured for a terminal, the terminal receives an activation instruction for OD-SSB, and has an actual period of the combined SSBs (e.g., a constant period of the combination of AO-SSB and OD-SSB), the terminal may apply Effective periodicity. Effective periodicity may be configured by the NW, or, if the periods of AO-SSB and OD-SSB are the same, it may be half of that period. Other terms having a similar or identical meaning may be used in addition to Effective periodicity. The terminal may include at least one of the following methods. For reference, the SCell activation process is described as an example in this disclosure, but this is merely an example. Effective periodicity according to this disclosure may also be applied to L1 measurements (L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, Candidate beam detection) and / or L3 measurements (deactivated SCell L3 measurement, intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency measurement).

[0309] Method 1 related to Effective Periodicity: To achieve faster SCell activation and to maximize SCell activation latency, the terminal may use Effective Periodicity without comparing SMTC periodicity or OD-SSB periodicity with multiple serving cells. For example, the following description may apply. In FR1 or FR2-1, if SMTC or AO-SSB is configured for the SCell currently being activated, for a UE supporting OD-SSB, T SMTC_MAX is the effective_periodicity for the OD-SSB cycle of the SCell being activated.

[0310] Method 2 related to Effective Periodicity: For the maximum SCell activation latency, the terminal may use the largest periodicity by comparing the SMTC periodicity or Effective Periodicity with multiple serving cells for AGC coordination. For example, the following description may apply. In FR1 or FR2-1, if SMTC or AO-SSB is configured for the activated SCell, for a UE supporting OD-SSB, T SMTC_MAX is the longer of the SMTC period of the active serving cells or the SSB period of the active serving cells (if applicable) and the effective_periodicity of the active SCell. This applies only if the cell-specific reference signal of the active serving cell and the AO-SSB or OD-SSB of the SCell being activated or deactivated are available in the same slot.

[0311] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0312] FIG. 12 shows T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. SMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0313] Figure 12 shows T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation. SMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0314] According to the example in FIG. 12, SCell can transmit AO-SSB and OD-SSB. That is, the example in FIG. 12 illustrates an example of Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation. The UE can receive AO-SSB and OD-SSB from SCell.

[0315] In the example of Fig. 12, the period of AO-SSB and the period of OD-SSB are the same, and the period of the combination of AO-SSB and OD-SSB is half the period of AO-SSB or half the period of OD-SSB. According to the example of Fig. 12, the period of the combination of AO-SSB and OD-SSB of SCell is the Effective Periodicity.

[0316] According to Method 1 regarding Effective Periodicity explained earlier, T SMTC_MAX is the effective_periodicity for the OD-SSB cycle of the SCell being activated.

[0317] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0318] FIG. 13 is an example of an operation related to an effective period according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0319] Figure 13 illustrates an example of terminal operation related to effective periodicity.

[0320] In step (S1301), the terminal can receive information related to the AO-SSB. For example, the terminal can receive the absoluteFrequencySSB. Information related to the AO-SSB can be provided by the absoluteFrequencySSB.

[0321] In step (S1302), the terminal may receive information related to OD-SSB. For example, the terminal may receive od-ssb-config or MAC-CE. od-ssb-config or MAC-CE may include OD-SSB activation information.

[0322] In step (S1302), the terminal can determine the effective periodicity based on the union of OD-SSB and AO-SSB. For example, the effective periodicity may be one of the union periods of OD-SSB and AO-SSB, which is {5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, 160ms}.

[0323] According to Method 1 and / or Method 2 related to Effective periodicity, the terminal may determine a maximum SCell activation delay time based on Effective periodicity. The maximum SCell activation delay time based on Effective periodicity may be applied to the terminal. After receiving a SCell activation command, the terminal must perform valid CSI reporting and / or actions related to the SCell to be activated within the maximum SCell activation delay time.

[0324] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in Case 2, the terminal can derive a maximum SCell activation delay time. In this case, when the terminal applies both AO-SSB and OD-SSB in combination during the SCell activation process (e.g., when the terminal receives both AO-SSB and OD-SSB during the SCell activation process), for the terminal, T FirstSSB_MAX The following explanation related to may apply. The following example is T for Case 2. FirstSSB_MAX It can be referred to as the first example of.

[0325] T FirstSSB_MAX : The time until the end of the first complete SSB burst (AO-SSB or OD-SSB), slot n + (T HARQ It is after +3ms) / (NR slot length) and additionally satisfies the following conditions:

[0326] - i-1) In FR1, for a UE that does not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, an occupancy where all active serving cells and the SCell being enabled or disabled transmit SSB bursts in the same slot when intra-band continuous SCell is enabled or when intra-band discontinuous SCell is enabled; or in FR1, for a UE with intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 capability, the first occupancy where the active SCell begins transmitting SSB bursts when intra-band discontinuous SCell is enabled or when cross-band SCell is enabled; or

[0327] - i-2) In FR2, an application where all active serving cells and SCells that are activated or deactivated transmit SSB bursts in the same slot; and

[0328] - ii-1) If the OD-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, said SSB burst (e.g., the first complete SSB burst) must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay specified by the OD-SSB of the active SCell. Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot containing the index of the first SSB actually transmitted within the first available on-demand SSB burst. Additional_delay is a delay for additional preparation time for receiving the OD-SSB; or

[0329] - ii-2) If the AO-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, the SSB burst must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A indicated by the OD-SSB of the activating SCell, provided that the AO-SSB period of the activating SCell is equal to the longer of the SMTC periods of the active serving cells, and that the SSB occupations of all active serving cells and the AO-SSB occupations of the activating SCell transmit SSB bursts in the same slot. T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ It is the time from +3ms) / (NR slot length) until the end of the first complete AO-SSB burst.

[0330] For reference, the conditions described above may be satisfied based on “i-1) or i-2” and “ii-1) or ii-2)”.

[0331] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0332] FIGS. 14a through 14f illustrate T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FirstSMTC_MAX This is an example of.

[0333] FIGS. 14a through 14f show T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation. FirstSMTC_MAX These are various examples of. FIGS. 14a through 14f are T for Case 2. FirstSSB_MAX T according to the first example of FirstSSB_MAX , Time instance A, Additional delay is plotted.

[0334] Referring to FIG. 14a, Time_instance_A in FIG. 14a is the start time of the first slot containing the index of the first SSB actually transmitted within the first available on-demand SSB burst after the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication (e.g., OD-SSB enable indication). After Time_instance_A has elapsed, Additional_delay is considered. The first OD-SSB of SCell is slot n + (T HARQ It is the first complete SSB burst after +3ms) / (NR slot length). If the OD-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, the said SSB burst (e.g., the first complete SSB burst) must not occur earlier than the specified Time_instance_A + Additional_delay of the OD-SSB of the activated SCell. Therefore, the SCell's first OD-SSB is not considered. T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ It is the time from (+3ms) / (NR slot length) to the first occurrence where the SCell's OD-SSB (e.g., the second OD-SSB) and the PCell's AO-SSB are transmitted simultaneously.

[0335] Referring to FIG. 14b, Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot in which the first OD-SSB of SCell is transmitted after the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication (e.g., OD-SSB enable indication). FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ Among the SCell SSBs received after +3ms) / (NR slot length), the SSB transmitted in the same slot as the PCell SSB is an AO-SSB, so this is the time until the first occation where the AO-SSB (e.g., the first AO-SSB) and the PCell's first AO-SSB are transmitted simultaneously. In this case, the OD-SSB transmitted from the SCell may not be used for SCell activation because it is not transmitted in the same slot as the SSB transmitted from the PCell.

[0336] Referring to FIG. 14c, Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot in which the SCell's first OD-SSB is transmitted after the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication (e.g., an OD-SSB activation indication). If the OD-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, said SSB burst (e.g., the first complete SSB burst) must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay specified by the OD-SSB of the SCell being activated. Therefore, the SCell's first OD-SSB is not considered. T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ From +3ms) / (NR slot length), it is the time until the first occurrence in which the AO-SSB of SCell (e.g., the first AO-SSB of SCell) and the AO-SSB of PCell (e.g., the second AO-SSB of PCell) received after Time_instance_A are transmitted simultaneously.

[0337] Referring to FIG. 14d, Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot in which the SCell's first OD-SSB is transmitted after the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication (e.g., an OD-SSB activation indication). If the AO-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, the SCell's first AO-SSB is not considered because the SSB burst must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A indicated by the OD-SSB of the SCell being activated. Additionally, after Time_instance_A has elapsed, Additional_delay is considered. The SCell's first OD-SSB occurs in slot n + (T HARQ It is the first complete SSB burst after +3ms) / (NR slot length). If the OD-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, the said SSB burst (e.g., the first complete SSB burst) must not occur earlier than the specified Time_instance_A + Additional_delay of the OD-SSB of the activated SCell. Therefore, the SCell's first OD-SSB is not considered. T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ It is the time from (+3ms) / (NR slot length) to the first occurrence where the AO-SSB of the SCell received after Time_instance_A (e.g., the second AO-SSB) and the third AO-SSB of the PCell are transmitted simultaneously.

[0338] Referring to FIG. 14e, Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot in which the SCell's first OD-SSB is transmitted after the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication (e.g., an OD-SSB activation indication). If the OD-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, said SSB burst (e.g., the first complete SSB burst) must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay specified by the OD-SSB of the SCell being activated. Therefore, the SCell's first OD-SSB is not considered. T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ From +3ms) / (NR slot length), it is the time until the first occurrence in which the AO-SSB of SCell (e.g., the first AO-SSB of SCell) and the AO-SSB of PCell (e.g., the third AO-SSB of PCell) received after Time_instance_A are transmitted simultaneously.

[0339] Referring to Fig. 14f, Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot in which the SCell's first OD-SSB is transmitted after the terminal receives an OD-SSB indication (e.g., an OD-SSB activation indication). If the AO-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, the SCell's first AO-SSB is not considered because the SSB burst must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A indicated by the OD-SSB of the SCell being activated. Additionally, Additional_delay is considered after Time_instance_A has elapsed. The SCell's first OD-SSB occurs in slot n + (T HARQIt is the first complete SSB burst after +3ms) / (NR slot length). If the OD-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, the said SSB burst (e.g., the first complete SSB burst) must not occur earlier than the specified Time_instance_A + Additional_delay of the OD-SSB of the activated SCell. Therefore, the SCell's first OD-SSB is not considered. T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ From +3ms) / (NR slot length), it is the time until the first occurrence in which the AO-SSB of the SCell received after Time_instance_A (e.g., the second AO-SSB) and the sixth AO-SSB of the PCell are transmitted simultaneously.

[0340] T for Case 2 FirstSSB_MAX According to the first example of, T FirstSSB_MAX Valid samples within may not be usable. As a result, SCell activation latency may increase. As another alternative, T for Case 2 FirstSSB_MAX A second example of is proposed. For example, to solve this problem, T FirstSSB_MAX The delay for the OD-SSB affected by the internally included Time_instance_A and Additional_delay can be considered as an independent interval. For example, this independent interval can be referred to as TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX. T for Case 2 FirstSSB_MAX According to the second example of, for a terminal, T FirstSSB_MAX The following descriptions may apply to TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX.

[0341] T FirstSSB_MAX The definition of can be as follows.

[0342] T FirstSSB_MAX : slot n + (T HARQIt is the time from (+3ms) / (NR slot length) until the end of the first complete SSB burst (e.g., AO-SSB or OD-SSB). The following conditions must additionally be met:

[0343] - In FR1, for UEs that do not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, an occupancy where all serving cells and the active or deactivated SCell transmit SSB bursts in the same slot during intra-band continuous SCell activation or intra-band discontinuous SCell activation. In this case, this occupancy is the first complete OD-SSB occupancy where the OD-SSB of the active SCell is not earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay after the OD-SSB activation indication; for UEs that support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 capability during intra-band discontinuous SCell activation, or during cross-band SCell activation, the first complete OD-SSB occupancy where the active SCell transmits an SSB burst that is not earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay after the OD-SSB activation indication; or

[0344] - In FR2, an occupancy where the active serving cell and all SCells being activated or deactivated transmit an SSB burst in the same slot. In this case, this occupancy is the first complete OD-SSB occupancy where the OD-SSB of the active SCell is not earlier than Time_instance_A+Additional_delay after the OD-SSB activation indication.

[0345] The definition of TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX may be as follows.

[0346] TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX: T FirstSSB_MAXThe time until the end of the first complete SSB burst (AO-SSB or OD-SSB) thereafter additionally satisfies the following conditions:

[0347] - i-1) In FR1, for a UE that does not support intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18, when an in-band continuous SCell is enabled or an in-band discontinuous SCell is enabled, an occupancy where all active serving cells and the SCell being enabled or disabled transmit SSB bursts in the same slot; in FR1, for a UE with intraBandNR-CA-non-collocated-r18 capability, when an in-band discontinuous SCell is enabled or an inter-band SCell is enabled, the first occupancy where the active SCell begins transmitting SSB bursts; or

[0348] - i-2) In FR2, an application where all active serving cells and SCells that are activated or deactivated transmit SSB bursts in the same slot; and

[0349] - ii-1) If the OD-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, said SSB burst (e.g., the first complete SSB burst) must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A + Additional_delay specified by the OD-SSB of the active SCell. Time_instance_A is the start time of the first slot containing the index of the first SSB actually transmitted within the first available on-demand SSB burst. Additional_delay is a delay for additional preparation time for receiving the OD-SSB; or

[0350] - ii-2) If AO-SSB is the first complete SSB burst, the SSB burst must not occur earlier than Time_instance_A as directed by the OD-SSB of the activated SCell.

[0351] - The point in time of Time_instance_A is T FirstSSB_MAX If earlier, TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX= 0

[0352] For reference, the conditions described above may be satisfied based on “i-1) or i-2” and “ii-1) or ii-2)”. T for Case 2 FirstSSB_MAX According to the second example, the activation time (T) for the SCell activation delay of the terminal activation_time ) to T FirstSSB_MAX It can be expressed as the sum of and TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX.

[0353] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0354] FIGS. 15a and 15b illustrate T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FirstSMTC_MAX and TEffective_FirstSMTC_MAX are examples.

[0355] FIGS. 15a and 15b show T in Case 2 related to OD-SSB operation. FirstSMTC_MAX and various examples of TEffective_FirstSMTC_MAX. Figures 15a and 15b show T for Case 2. FirstSSB_MAX T according to the second example of FirstSSB_MAX , TEffective_FirstSMTC_MAX, Time instance A, Additional delay is displayed.

[0356] Referring to the example in Fig. 15a, T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQIt is the time from +3ms) / (NR slot length) until the end of the first complete burst (e.g., the time until the end of the first OD-SSB of the SCell). Since the OD-SSB of an activated SCell is earlier than Time_instance_A+Additional_delay after the OD-SSB activation indication, the first OD-SSB of the SCell is not considered. T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ It is the time from (+3ms) / (NR slot length) until the first occation where the SCell's OD-SSB (e.g., the second OD-SSB) and the PCell's second AO-SSB are transmitted simultaneously. The point in Time_instance_A is T FirstSSB_MAX Since it is earlier, TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX= 0.

[0357] Referring to the example in Fig. 15b, T FirstSSB_MAX is slot n + (T HARQ After +3ms) / (NR slot length), it is the time until the end of the first complete burst (e.g., the time until the end of the first AO-SSB of SCell), and the time until the first occation in which the AO-SSB of SCell (e.g., the first AO-SSB) and the first AO-SSB of PCell are transmitted simultaneously.

[0358] T for Case 2 FirstSSB_MAX In the second example, there may be a case where TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX=0. In this case, the maximum delay time is consistently T FirstSSB_MAX It may cause confusion because it is not expressed as TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX. In this case, as another alternative, T for Case 2 FirstSSB_MAX In the second example of, 'If the occasion of Time_instance_A is earlier than T FirstSSB_MAX, 'TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX=0' may be deleted. In this case, if the terminal needs to measure the SSB for one more period, the terminal T FirstSSB_MAX Always after that You can also apply TEffective_FirstSSB_MAX. In this case, the activation time (T) for the SCell activation delay activation_time T required to keep the total delay time of ) the same SMTC_MAX The number may decrease.

[0359] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the terminal derives the maximum delay time for SCell activation in Case 2, and when both AO-SSB and OD-SSB are applied in combination during the SCell activation process, Trs is as follows.

[0360] T rs : Effective periodicity of the activated SCell

[0361] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0362] FIG. 16 is an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0363] FIG. 16 is an example of the disclosure of this specification. The scope of the disclosure of this specification is not limited by the procedure illustrated in FIG. 16. For example, the operation, content, etc. described in the various examples of the disclosure of this specification above may apply to the example of FIG. 16.

[0364] The UE can perform the random access procedure described in the examples of FIGS. 6a through 6e. For example, the UE can transmit a random access preamble to a base station. The base station can transmit a response message to the UE.

[0365] In the example of FIG. 16, the first cell may be a PCell. The first cell may also send a SCell activation command to the UE.

[0366] The second cell may be a cell associated with the SCell activation command transmitted by the first cell. For example, the second cell may be added as a SCell but be in a disabled state. When the SCell activation procedure is performed, the second cell may become an activated SCell.

[0367] The first cell and the second cell may be included in a single base station (e.g., gNB). Alternatively, the first cell and the second cell may be included in different base stations (e.g., gNB).

[0368] In some implementations, the UE may transmit capability information to the first cell. For example, the capability information may include information related to supporting the On-demand SSB.

[0369] In step (S1601), the first cell can transmit information related to the first SSB of the second cell to the UE.

[0370] In some implementations, the first SSB may be an Always On SSB (AO-SSB).

[0371] In step (S1602), the first cell can transmit information related to the second SSB of the second cell to the UE.

[0372] For example, information related to the second SSB may be information related to the On Demand SSB (OD-SSB).

[0373] In step (S1603), the first cell can send a SCell activation command to the UE.

[0374] In step (S1604), the second cell can transmit the first SSB and / or the second SSB to the UE.

[0375] For reference, step (S1604) is depicted as being performed after step (S1603), but this is merely an example. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the order shown in FIG. 16. For example, the second cell may transmit the first SSB to the UE before step (S1603). Additionally, the second cell may transmit the first SSB to the UE even after step (S1603). For example, the second cell may transmit the first SSB and the second SSB to the UE before step (S1603). For example, the second cell may transmit the first SSB to the UE before step (S1603) and transmit the first SSB and the second SSB to the UE after step (S1603).

[0376] Based on the reception of the SCell activation command, SCell activation delay requirements may be applied to the UE. For example, the SCell activation delay requirements may include a SCell activation delay based on the time associated with the OD-SSB. For example, the time associated with the OD-SSB may be based on a periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB.

[0377] In some implementations, the time associated with the OD-SSB may be the effective periodicity of the periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB.

[0378] In some implementations, the time associated with the OD-SSB may be the longer of i) the period of the SMTC of the active serving cell or the period of the SSB of the active serving cell and ii) the effective period of the periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB.

[0379] In some implementations, based on the fact that the period of the first SSB and the period of the second SSB are the same, the effective period of the periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB may be half the period of the second SSB.

[0380] In some implementations, based on the SCell enable command being received in slot n, the UE may transmit a valid CSI report and apply actions related to the SCell enable command within a time based on the SCell enable delay from slot n.

[0381] This specification may have various effects.

[0382] For example, when the terminal performs SCell activation, always-on SSB and / or on-demand SSB can be effectively supported. For example, it can be supported for the terminal to perform measurements based on always-on SSB and / or on-demand SSB.

[0383] For example, if SCell transmits both AO-SSB and OD-SSB, SCell delay requirements are effectively and / or accurately defined.

[0384] The effects obtainable through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person with ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0385] For reference, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be implemented by the device of FIGS. 1 to 3 described above. For example, the terminal (e.g., UE) may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operation of the terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of an instruction / program (e.g., instruction, executable code) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) can control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (105 or 206) and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform the operation of a terminal (e.g., UE) as described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0386] Additionally, instructions for performing the operation of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be contained in one or more memories (104 or 204). And, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may perform the operation of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification by being executed by one or more processors (102 or 202).

[0387] For reference, the operation of a network node (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) or a base station (e.g., base station, NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, serving cell, PCell, SCell, gNB(PCell), gNB(SCell), etc.) described in this specification may be implemented by the device of FIGS. 1 to 3, which will be described below. For example, the network node or base station may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operation of a network node or base station described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operation of a terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of an instruction / program (e.g., instruction, executable code) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) can control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (106 or 206) and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform the operation of a network node or base station as described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0388] Additionally, instructions for performing the operation of a network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transient) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be contained in one or more memories (104 or 204). And, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may perform the operation of a network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification by being executed by one or more processors (102 or 202).

[0389] Although preferred embodiments have been described by way of example above, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiments, and may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope of the spirit and claims of this specification.

[0390] In the exemplary system described above, methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks, but are not limited to the order of the described steps, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps as described above. Furthermore, a person skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive, and that other steps may be included, or that one or more steps of the flowchart may be omitted without affecting the scope of rights.

[0391] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

A step in which User Equipment (UE) receives information related to the first Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) of a secondary cell (SCell) from a primary cell (PCell); The step of the above UE receiving information related to the second SSB of the above SCell from the above PCell, The information related to the above-mentioned second SSB is information related to the On Demand SSB (OD-SSB); and The above UE includes the step of receiving a SCell enable command from the PCell, and Based on the receipt of the above SCell activation command, SCell activation delay requirements are applied to the above UE, and The SCell activation delay requirement includes a SCell activation delay based on the time related to the above OD-SSB, and A method in which the time related to the above OD-SSB is based on the periodic pattern of the above first SSB and the above second SSB. In paragraph 1, The above first SSB is an Always On SSB (AO-SSB) method. In paragraph 1 or 2, A method in which the time related to the above OD-SSB is the effective periodicity of the periodic pattern of the above 1 SSB and the above 2 SSB. In any one of paragraphs 1 through 3, The time related to the OD-SSB is the longer of i) the period of the SMTC of the active serving cell or the period of the SSB of the active serving cell and ii) the effective period of the periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB. In any one of paragraphs 1 through 4, A method in which, based on the fact that the period of the first SSB and the period of the second SSB are the same, the effective period of the periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB is half the period of the second SSB. In any one of paragraphs 1 through 5, A method in which, based on the SCell enable command being received in slot n, the UE transmits a valid CSI report and applies actions related to the SCell enable command within a time based on the SCell enable delay from slot n. As a device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and It includes one or more memories that store instructions and can be connected to operate with one or more processors, and The above at least one processor is: a device adapted to perform one of the methods of claims 1 to 6. At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions and is operablely electrically connected to at least one processor, and The above at least one processor is: an apparatus adapted to perform one of the methods of claims 1 to 6. As a non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) recording instructions, The above instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, a CRM. A step in which the primary cell (PCell) transmits information related to the first Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) of the secondary cell (SCell) to the User Equipment (UE); The step of the PCell transmitting information related to the second SSB of the SCell to the UE, The information related to the above-mentioned second SSB is information related to the On Demand SSB (OD-SSB); and The above PCell includes the step of receiving a SCell activation command from the UE, and Based on the receipt of the above SCell activation command, SCell activation delay requirements are applied to the above UE, and The SCell activation delay requirement includes a SCell activation delay based on the time related to the above OD-SSB, and A method in which the time related to the above OD-SSB is based on the periodic pattern of the above first SSB and the above second SSB. In Paragraph 10, The above first SSB is an Always On SSB (AO-SSB) method. In Article 10 or Article 11, A method in which the time related to the above OD-SSB is the effective periodicity of the periodic pattern of the above 1 SSB and the above 2 SSB. In any one of paragraphs 10 through 12, The time related to the OD-SSB is the longer of i) the period of the SMTC of the active serving cell or the period of the SSB of the active serving cell and ii) the effective period of the periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB. In any one of paragraphs 10 through 13, A method in which, based on the fact that the period of the first SSB and the period of the second SSB are the same, the effective period of the periodic pattern of the first SSB and the second SSB is half the period of the second SSB. In any one of paragraphs 10 through 14, A method in which, based on the SCell enable command being received in slot n, the UE transmits a valid CSI report and applies actions related to the SCell enable command within a time based on the SCell enable delay from slot n. One or more transmitters / receivers; One or more processors; and It includes one or more memories that store instructions and can be connected to operate with one or more processors, and The above at least one processor is a device adapted to perform one of the methods of claims 10 to 15.

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