Mobility management based on sensing result

Abstract

This terminal may acquire a measurement result on the basis of measurement of a reference signal, the terminal may acquire a sensing result on the basis of measurement of a sensing signal, and / or the terminal may transmit, to a base station, a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result on the basis that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for report triggering.

Description

Mobility management based on sensing results

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include at least one of: a step in which a terminal obtains a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; a step in which the terminal obtains a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and / or a step in which the terminal transmits a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal may be provided. For example, the terminal may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the terminal to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; obtaining a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and / or transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a terminal to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; obtaining a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and / or transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on execution. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; obtaining a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and / or transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates a measurement report-based handover procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 10 shows an example of a case where a radio link failure (RLF) occurs due to an early handover.

[0019] FIG. 11 shows an example of LOS path loss due to UE movement according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of improved handover performance using UE sensing when an obstacle is present at a Naver base station, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of handover performance improvement using UE sensing when an obstacle is present at a serving base station, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a handover procedure utilizing BS-UE bistatic sensing for improving handover performance according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a handover procedure utilizing UE monostatic sensing for improving handover performance according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a handover procedure utilizing UE-BS bistatic sensing for improved handover performance according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a procedure performed by a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a procedure performed by a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 22 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 23 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0033] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0034] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0035] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0036] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0037] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0038] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0039] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0040] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0041] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0042] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0043] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0046] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0047] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0048] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0049] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0050] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0051] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0052] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0053] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0054] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0055] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0056] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0057] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0058] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0059] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0061] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0062] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) exemplifies.

[0063] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0064] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0065] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0066] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0068] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0069] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0070] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0072] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0073] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0074] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0075] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0076] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0077] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0078] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0079] - Optical wireless technology

[0080] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0081] - Quantum communication

[0082] - Cell-free communication

[0083] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0084] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0085] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0086] - Big data analysis

[0087] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0088] - Metaverse

[0089] - blockchain

[0090] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0091] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0092] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0093] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0094] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0095] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0097] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to an object via a device within the network, they can provide services for object location determination without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, radio sensing may use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0098] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, FIG. 8 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0099] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted by the sensing transmitter. For example, at the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered or reflected signal, and a sensing result may be generated or obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / acquired in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking of objects and / or environments, etc.) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0100] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing transmitter may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing receiver or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing receiver may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing transmitter or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving the characteristics of an object within the environment from the sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than that of a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be a sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist at the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located at different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing where there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is below or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is above or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0101] Conventionally, in an NR system, inter-cell handover is performed based on the UE measuring the quality of signals transmitted from the serving base station (gNB) and the neighbor base station (gNB). Generally, since handover occurs from the serving base station to the neighbor base station, the serving base station is referred to as the source base station and the neighbor base station as the target base station.

[0102] FIG. 9 illustrates a measurement report-based handover procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 9, in step S910, the UE can obtain measurement parameters set for handover. Here, the UE can measure the signal quality of the serving base station and the neighbor base station based on the measurement parameters. In step S920, the UE can send a Measurement Report to the serving base station. Here, the serving base station can perform a handover based on the received Measurement Report.

[0104] For example, various events can exist as trigger conditions for transmitting a Measurement Report for handover. For instance, the following are the transmission conditions for Measurement Reports set for ground UEs at typical ground base stations, as defined in current standards.

[0105] - Event A1 (Serving becomes better than threshold)

[0106] - Event A2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold)

[0107] - Event A3 (Neighbor becomes offset better than SpCell)

[0108] - Event A4 (Neighbor becomes better than threshold)

[0109] - Event A5 (SpCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbor becomes better than threshold2)

[0110] Here, for example, Event A3 corresponds to the case where the measurement value of the Naver base station is better than (than the offset) the measurement value of the serving base station. For example, Event A4 corresponds to the case where the measurement value of the Naver base station is better than a specific threshold. For example, Event A5 corresponds to the case where the measurement value of the serving base station is worse than a specific threshold, and the measurement value of the Naver base station is better than a specific threshold.

[0111] Here, RSRP (reference signal received power) measurements for SSB (synchronization signal block) or CSI-RS may be used, and additionally, RSRQ (reference signal received quality) and / or SINR (signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio) values ​​may also be used. Therefore, although there are slight differences for each event, a trigger action to perform a handover to the Naver base station may be executed when it is determined that the RSRP value of the Naver base station is generally better (above a certain value) than the RSRP of the current serving base station.

[0112] As described above, conventional 5G NR handover is performed based on the signal quality of the serving base station and the neighbor base station measured by the UE. To this end, the UE continuously measures signal quality and transmits a Measurement Report message to the serving base station. The serving base station performs a handover to the selected neighbor base station based on the Measurement Report received from the UE. This is because by selecting the base station with the higher RSRP measured by the UE, high transmission speeds and stable communication resulting from high signal quality can be expected. However, the A3 / A4 / A5 handover events used in conventional 5G NR have several problems.

[0113] For example, in the case of an A3 event, the base station with the higher RSRP between the serving base station and the neighbor base station is selected. If the difference in RSRP between the serving base station and the neighbor base station is not significant, frequent handovers may occur due to RSRP fluctuations (ping-pong phenomenon). Continuous handovers degrade communication performance and generate significant signaling overhead. Therefore, to mitigate this ping-pong phenomenon, a fixed offset value is applied so that a handover is performed only when the RSRP value of a base station is higher than that of another base station by more than the offset, thereby reducing unnecessary handovers. However, the offset set to prevent ping-pong may cause the handover to the neighbor base station to become slow (too late handover). For instance, even if a neighbor base station exists with better signal quality than the current serving base station, the handover operation is not performed if it does not meet the offset criteria. In such cases, communication performance degradation may occur. Furthermore, if a UE located at a specific position does not move toward the neighbor base station, the UE remains at the serving base station with lower signal quality, causing the problem of communication performance degradation to persist.

[0114] For example, in the case of the A5 event, a handover is performed when the serving base station is worse than a specific threshold and the neighbor base station is better than a specific threshold. Although not significantly different from the A3 event, by setting the two thresholds to different values, a handover can be performed even if the neighbor base station does not have better signal quality than the serving base station. This enables a faster handover to the neighbor base station. However, if signal attenuation occurs due to an obstacle after the handover to the neighbor base station, the handover process is performed again to the previous serving base station (Too early handover). Figure 10 illustrates an example where a radio link failure (RLF) occurs due to an too early handover. For example, in Figure 10, when a UE moves from location 1 to location 2, a handover to the neighbor base station is performed at some location due to the A3 event or the A4 / A5 event. However, if signal quality degradation occurs due to an obstacle after the handover (e.g., RLF occurs), the handover process is performed again to the previous base station. Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for improving handover performance utilizing UE sensing results (BS-UE bistatic and / or UE monostatic) and an apparatus supporting the same.

[0115] For example, in the present disclosure, "specific threshold" may mean a threshold that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "specific set value" may mean a value that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "set by the network / base station" may mean an action in which a base station sets to a UE (pre-) through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to a UE through MAC CE, or signals to a UE through DCI.

[0116] For example, in this disclosure, a message may be interpreted as being replaced by at least one of a control message, a data message, a signal, a data signal, and / or a control signal. For example, in this disclosure, various names are exemplary and may be replaced by or considered as performing the same or similar function based on the content described in each step (regardless of the name). For example, in this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0117] - BS-BS Sensing: BS-BS sensing may refer to sensing where BS#1 transmits a sensing RS and BS#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are separate BSs, it may refer to BS-BS bistatic operation, and if BS#1 and BS#2 are the same BS, it may refer to BS-BS monostatic operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if BS#1 and / or BS#2 are one or more BSs, it may refer to BS-BS multistatic operation.

[0118] - BS-UE Sensing: BS-UE sensing may refer to sensing in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to BS-UE multistatic sensing operation.

[0119] - UE-BS Sensing: UE-BS sensing may refer to sensing in which a UE transmits a sensing RS and a BS receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to UE-BS multistatic sensing operation.

[0120] - UE-UE Sensing: UE-UE sensing may refer to sensing in which UE#1 transmits a sensing RS and UE#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are separate UEs, it may refer to UE-UE bistatic sensing operation, and if UE#1 and UE#2 are the same UE, it may refer to UE-UE monostatic sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if UE#1 and / or UE#2 are one or more UEs, it may refer to UE-UE multistatic sensing operation.

[0121] - SMF: The sensing management function may be an entity that performs at least one of the following functions: a function to set sensing RS-related parameters, a function to control sensing operations and / or procedures, and / or a function to receive sensing-related measurement results and estimate sensing results (e.g., information such as distance, speed, direction, and object recognition) based on said measurement results. For example, the SMF may be a logical entity defined in a core network or RAN. For example, the SMF may be a base station or a UE capable of performing the role of an SMF. For example, the SMF may be referred to as a sensing function (SF).

[0122] - Target object (TO): The object to be detected through sensing

[0123] - Environment object (EO): An object whose location is known, other than the target object.

[0124] - Clutter: Background or objects whose location cannot be determined, excluding the target object and environment objects.

[0125] - TSA (target sensing area): The area where objects are to be detected through sensing.

[0126] - Moving TSA: From the perspective of the sensing transmitter, the target sensing service area moves in accordance with the target's movement.

[0127] For example, various paths can exist in the wireless segment between a base station and a UE, which can be broadly classified into line-of-sight (LOS) paths and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) paths. When an LOS path exists, the communication quality between the base station and the UE is stable (compared to the case where only an NLoS path exists).

[0128] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of LOS path loss due to UE movement according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0129] For example, in Fig. 11, when a UE moves from an LOS area (location 1) to an NLoS area (location 2), a degradation in communication quality may occur to the UE in the NLoS area (location 2). Therefore, when a UE moves from an LOS area (location 1) to an NLoS area (location 2), the UE can perform a handover operation to another neighbor base station, thereby preventing a degradation in communication quality. In particular, this relationship in communication quality based on LOS characteristics (presence or absence) may be prominent in high frequency bands (e.g., FR2).

[0130] In the present disclosure, a method may be proposed to improve problems such as "too early handover" and "too late handover," which may occur in conventional RSRP measurement-based handovers, through UE sensing operations. To this end, the UE may sense the serving base station and the neighbor base station using UE sensing (BS-UE bistatic or UE monostatic), and the UE may utilize the sensing results (e.g., the probability of an obstruction between the base station and the UE, whether an obstruction is detected between the base station and the UE, etc.) in the handover decision stage. Here, for example, an obstruction may refer to an object that interferes with communication between the base station and the UE and significantly degrades the quality of the communication signal.

[0131] For example, through sensing, it can be predicted whether there are obstacles at a point where a handover to the Naver base station is expected, and based on this, whether to perform the handover can be determined.

[0132] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of improved handover performance using UE sensing when an obstacle is present at a Naver base station, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0133] In FIG. 12, when the UE moves from position 1 to position 2, a handover to the Naver base station may be triggered by the conventional A3 / A4 / A5 event at any position. However, the handover can be performed only when there are no obstacles at the location (position 2) through a sensing operation.

[0134] Through this, by preventing signal quality degradation (i.e., RLF) caused by interference after handover, the problem of communication performance degradation due to unnecessary handovers can be resolved in advance.

[0135] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of handover performance improvement utilizing UE sensing when an obstacle is present at a serving base station, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0136] In FIG. 13, when the UE moves from position 1 to position 2, a handover to the Naver base station may not be triggered by a conventional event at any position. However, if there is an obstacle at that position (position 2) through a sensing operation, a handover may be triggered. By doing so, the problem of communication performance degradation due to handover delay can be resolved by preventing signal quality degradation (i.e., RLF) caused by the obstacle.

[0137] The event conditions proposed in this disclosure may be as follows. Here, for example, an obstruction may refer to an object that interferes with communication between a base station and a UE, thereby significantly degrading the quality of the communication signal.

[0138] - Event S1 (Serving obstacle detection probability becomes higher than threshold): When the probability of an obstacle existing between the serving base station and the UE becomes higher than a specific threshold

[0139] - Event S2 (Serving obstacle detection probability becomes lower than threshold): When the probability of an obstacle existing between the serving base station and the UE becomes lower than a specific threshold

[0140] - Event N1 (Neighbor obstacle detection probability becomes higher than threshold): When the probability of an obstacle existing between the Neighbor base station and the UE becomes higher than a specific threshold

[0141] - Event N2 (Neighbor obstacle detection probability becomes lower than threshold): Case where the probability of an obstacle existing between the Neighbor base station and the UE is lower than a specific threshold

[0142] For example, the above S1 / S2 / N1 / N2 events can be utilized in combination with conventional A3 / A4 / A5 events. For example, the combination of events below is merely an example, and the above S1 / S2 / N1 / N2 events can be used in various combinations with conventional A1-A5 events. For example, at least one of event A1S1, event A1S2, event A1N1, event A1N2, event A2S1, event A2S2, event A2N1, event A2N2, event A3S1, event A3S2, event A3N1, event A3N2, event A4S1, event A4S2, event A4N1, event A4N2, event A5S1, event A5S2, event A5N1, and / or event A5N2 may be used for handover and / or reporting triggering.

[0143] - Event A3N1 (Neighbor becomes offset better than serving and neighbor obstacle detection probability becomes higher than a threshold)

[0144] - Event A3S2 (Neighbor becomes offset better than serving and serving obstacle detection probability becomes lower than a threshold)

[0145] - Event A4N1 (Neighbor becomes better than threshold1 and Neighbor obstacle detection probability becomes higher than a threshold2)

[0146] - Event A4S2 (Neighbor becomes better than threshold1 and serving obstacle detection probability becomes lower than a threshold2)

[0147] - Event A5N1 (Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbor becomes better than threshold2 and Neighbor obstacle detection probability becomes higher than a threshold3)

[0148] - Event A5S2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbor becomes better than threshold2 and serving obstacle detection probability becomes lower than a threshold3)

[0149] FIG. 14 illustrates a handover procedure utilizing BS-UE bistatic sensing for improved handover performance according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 14, the UE is communicating with the serving base station, and the UE may also be in a state ready for BS-UE bistatic sensing with both the serving base station and the neighbor base station. Here, for example, the state ready for sensing may mean a state in which the UE and the base station support and are capable of performing a sensing operation. For example, if sensing is being performed based on a sensing session established between a sensing server and a base station, it can be assumed that a sensing session is established between the sensing server and the base station. However, since sensing operations without establishing a sensing session are possible, the establishment of a sensing session itself may not be a prerequisite for the operation. For example, it can be assumed that the Sensing Server (Sensing Function, SF) is located on the serving base station. For example, for UE sensing, the base station may inform the UE of configuration values ​​related to the sensing resources capable of performing the sensing operation. Here, for example, it can be assumed that all sensing resource information used by both the serving base station and the neighbor base station is configured.

[0151] Here, for example, the UE can set a moving target sensing area (TSA) by considering its direction of travel and speed / velocity. For example, in FIGS. 12 and 13, the UE / base station (or sensing server) can set area 2 as the moving target sensing area (TSA). For example, the moving TSA may change continuously as the UE moves. In this case, for example, the UE / base station (or sensing server) can notify the changing moving TSA value. For example, the UE / base station (or sensing server) can periodically notify the changing moving TSA value. For example, the UE / base station (or sensing server) can non-periodically notify the changing moving TSA value.

[0152] For example, in Step 1, the serving / neighbor base station may transmit a reference signal and a sensing signal for RSRP measurement. For example, the UE may measure the reference signal and the sensing signal transmitted by the serving / neighbor base station. Here, for example, the UE may receive measurement and sensing configuration parameters for handover from the serving base station, and the UE may perform RSRP measurement and sensing signal measurement according to the configuration values. Here, for example, the serving / neighbor base station may transmit the sensing signal to the configured TSA area. Here, for example, the UE may predict the RSRP measurement value and the sensing result value of the configured TSA area. To this end, for example, a prediction algorithm of AI / ML (artificial intelligence and machine learning) may be used. Here, for example, the UE may receive at least one of Event A3N1, Event A3S2, Event A4N1, Event A4S2, Event A5N1, and / or Event A5S2 for the predicted RSRP value of the configured TSA area and for a sensing-based handover operation. Here, for example, the UE may perform a measurement according to parameters configured during reference signal measurement. For example, the measurement value may be RSRP / RSRQ / SINR. For convenience, in this disclosure, RSRP may be used as the reference signal measurement value for handover.

[0153] For example, in Step 2, the UE can check whether the set event conditions are satisfied based on the RSRP measurement results and sensing results. For example, if one or more event conditions are satisfied, the UE can send a Measurement and Sensing Report (MeasurementAndSensingReport message) to the serving base station.

[0154] For example, Event A3N1 may be an event that combines and utilizes Event A3 and Event N1. For example, Event A3N1 may correspond to a case where the conditions of the conventional Event A3 are satisfied while simultaneously satisfying Event N1. For example, Event A3N1 may correspond to a case where the RSRP of the Naver base station is better than the RSRP of the serving base station by more than the offset (Event A3) and the probability of an obstacle existing at the Naver base station is higher than a specific threshold (Event N1). Here, for example, the meaning of the probability of an obstacle existing at the Naver base station being higher than a specific threshold may mean that no object capable of causing signal attenuation from the Naver base station is detected when the UE moves in the direction of movement. Therefore, since the signal power / quality of the Naver base station is sufficiently better than that of the serving base station (e.g., by more than the offset), and the UE can determine that there will be no sudden signal attenuation due to obstacles even if it performs a handover to the Naver base station, a handover to the Naver base station may be performed.

[0155] For example, Event A3S2 may be an event that combines and utilizes Event A3 and Event S2. For example, Event A3S2 may correspond to a case where the conditions of the conventional Event A3 are satisfied while simultaneously satisfying Event S2. For example, Event A3S2 may correspond to a case where the RSRP of the neighbor base station is better than the RSRP of the serving base station by more than the offset (Event A3) and the probability of an obstacle existing at the serving base station is lower than a specific threshold. Here, for example, the meaning that the probability of an obstacle existing at the serving base station is lower than a specific threshold may mean that an object capable of causing signal attenuation from the serving base station is detected when the UE moves in the direction of movement. Therefore, if the signal power / quality of the neighbor base station is sufficiently better than that of the serving base station (e.g., by more than the offset) and the UE does not hand over to the neighbor base station, it can be determined that there will be sudden signal attenuation due to an obstacle at the serving base station, so a handover to the neighbor base station may be performed.

[0156] In the embodiment of FIG. 14, for convenience of explanation, the operation of a UE transmitting a Measurement and Sensing Report (MeasurementAndSensingReport message) to a serving base station based on event A3N1 or event A3S2 is described. However, the embodiment of FIG. 14 is not limited to applying only to event A3N1 or event A3S2, and may be extended to at least one of event A1S1, event A1S2, event A1N1, event A1N2, event A2S1, event A2S2, event A2N1, event A2N2, event A3S1, event A3S2, event A3N1, event A3N2, event A4S1, event A4S2, event A4N1, event A4N2, event A5S1, event A5S2, event A5N1, and / or event A5N2.

[0157] For example, in Step 3, if a handover is determined, the serving base station (or sensing server) may send a handover request message to an appropriate neighbor base station. Subsequent operations may be similar or identical to conventional handover operations. Therefore, a detailed description of operations after Step 3 is omitted in this disclosure.

[0158] For example, the common provisions applicable to the above procedure may be as follows. For instance, the various event-specific thresholds used in the above procedure may be set to different values. For instance, to compensate for the probability of instantaneously changing obstacles existing in the above procedure, the procedure may operate by taking an average over a specific period of time, or by triggering an event only when the state above or below the threshold is maintained for a specific period. To this end, when setting the threshold value, a specific time for taking the average and / or a specific time during which the state above or below the threshold must be maintained may be set together. For instance, in the above procedure, parameters such as thresholds and specific times may be set by the Serving / Naver Base Station or the Sensing Server, or may be (explicitly) defined as specific values ​​in a standard document. Alternatively, for instance, the above parameters may be set by changing to optimized values ​​calculated by AI / ML. Furthermore, for instance, when a sensing request is made to the Naver Base Station, the Serving / Naver Base Station or the Sensing Server may transmit a message including these parameter values.

[0159] In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may include one or more TRPs. Although the present disclosure is based on handover between different base stations, handover between TRPs at a single base station may be equally supported.

[0160] In the above method and procedure, it is assumed that the UE can pair serving base station information with sensing results. For example, it is assumed that the UE can determine the (absolute or relative) location of the base station, etc., and distinguish the sensing results of the base stations in the sensing results. For example, in FIGS. 12 and 13, the UE / base station (or sensing server) can set area 2 as the mobile TSA (target sensing area).

[0161] The above method and procedure are described based on the BS-UE bistatic sensing mode. However, the proposal is not limited to the BS-UE bistatic sensing mode and can also operate in the UE monostatic sensing mode. FIG. 15 illustrates a handover procedure utilizing UE monostatic sensing for improved handover performance according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the above embodiments may be omitted. Referring to FIG. 15, in the case of the UE monostatic sensing mode, the UE can perform both transmission and measurement of the sensing signal. Even in this case, since the UE uses the RSRP measurement result and the sensing result simultaneously, the core content of the method and procedure proposed in the present disclosure can be applied in the same way.

[0162] Additionally, for example, a UE-BS bistatic sensing mode may be utilized. FIG. 16 illustrates a handover procedure utilizing UE-BS bistatic sensing for improved handover performance according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted. In this case, for example, the UE may transmit a sensing signal, and the base station may perform reception and measurement of the sensing signal. For example, the UE may transmit the measured / predicted RSRP result to the serving base station, and the serving base station may determine the handover by mixing the UE's RSRP measurement result with the serving / neighbor's sensing measurement / prediction result. In this case as well, a handover may be determined using at least one of Event A1S1, Event A1S2, Event A1N1, Event A1N2, Event A2S1, Event A2S2, Event A2N1, Event A2N2, Event A3S1, Event A3S2, Event A3N1, Event A3N2, Event A4S1, Event A4S2, Event A4N1, Event A4N2, Event A5S1, Event A5S2, Event A5N1, and / or Event A5N2, in the same manner as the above method and procedure. However, in this case, the events defined above are not used as triggers for transmitting the UE's measurement report, but may be used by the serving base station to determine the handover for the neighbor base station and the UE.

[0163] The sensing results (LOS information obtained by sensing measurement) used in the present disclosure may be 3GPP sensing results using 3GPP signals, as well as sensing results obtained from non-3GPP sensing such as radar / camera / lidar. In addition, parameters such as thresholds and specific times used in the above procedure may be set differently depending on the type of sensor used (e.g., 3GPP sensing or non-3GPP sensing).

[0164] For example, in the above procedure, the UE can trigger a 3GPP sensing operation based on non-3GPP sensing results. For example, if the LOS probability decreases in the non-3GPP sensing results, the UE can perform a 3GPP sensing operation to obtain more accurate sensing results. Conversely, for example, the UE can trigger a non-3GPP sensing operation based on 3GPP sensing results. This can be configured by considering the difference in accuracy between the 3GPP sensing operation and the non-3GPP sensing operation, as well as the required current consumption. Additionally, for example, this operation can be used as a trigger condition for the sensing operation of a Naver base station.

[0165] FIG. 17 illustrates a procedure performed by a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 17, in step S1710, the terminal can obtain a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal. In step S1720, the terminal can obtain a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal. In step S1730, based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering, the terminal can transmit a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station.

[0167] For example, an obstacle between the terminal and the base station may be detected or not detected based on the sensing result.

[0168] For example, obstacles between the terminal and neighboring base stations may be detected or not detected based on the sensing results.

[0169] For example, the reference signal may include at least one of a reference signal from the base station or a reference signal from a neighboring base station.

[0170] For example, the sensing signal may include at least one of the sensing signal from the base station or the sensing signal from a neighboring base station.

[0171] For example, the above measurement result may include at least one of a first measurement result obtained based on a measurement of a reference signal from the base station or a second measurement result obtained based on a measurement of a reference signal from a neighboring base station.

[0172] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value associated with the second measurement result being greater than the value associated with the first measurement result by an offset, and (ii) no obstacle being detected between the terminal and the neighboring base station based on the sensing result.

[0173] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value associated with the second measurement result being greater than the value associated with the first measurement result by an offset, and (ii) the detection of an obstruction between the terminal and the base station based on the sensing result.

[0174] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value related to the first measurement result being smaller than the first threshold, (ii) the value related to the second measurement result being larger than the second threshold, and (iii) no obstacle being detected between the terminal and the neighboring base station based on the sensing result.

[0175] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value related to the first measurement result being smaller than the first threshold, (ii) the value related to the second measurement result being larger than the second threshold, and (iii) the detection of an obstruction between the terminal and the base station based on the sensing result.

[0176] Additionally, for example, the terminal may determine a target sensing area based on the mobility of the terminal. For example, at least one of an obstacle between the terminal and the base station or an obstacle between the terminal and a neighboring base station may be detected or not detected based on the sensing result for the target sensing area.

[0177] Additionally, for example, the terminal may receive a radio resource control (RRC) reset message from the base station in response to a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result. Additionally, for example, the terminal may switch cells. Additionally, for example, the terminal may transmit an RRC reset completion message to a neighboring base station.

[0178] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a processor (102) of a terminal (100) may obtain a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal and / or a processor (102) of a terminal (100) may obtain a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal and / or, based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering, the processor (102) of the terminal (100) may control a transceiver (106) to transmit a reporting message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station.

[0179] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal may be provided. For example, the terminal may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the terminal to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; obtaining a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and / or transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0180] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a terminal to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; obtaining a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and / or transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0181] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions may cause a terminal to perform an operation based on execution. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; obtaining a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and / or transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0182] FIG. 18 illustrates a procedure performed by a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0183] Referring to FIG. 18, in step S1810, the base station may receive a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result from the terminal. In step S1820, the base station may determine a handover for the terminal based on the report message. In step S1830, the base station may transmit a radio resource control (RRC) reset message to the terminal. For example, the report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result may be received from the terminal based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

[0184] For example, an obstacle between the terminal and the base station may be detected or not detected based on the sensing result.

[0185] For example, obstacles between the terminal and neighboring base stations may be detected or not detected based on the sensing results.

[0186] For example, the above measurement result may include at least one of a first measurement result obtained based on a measurement of a reference signal from the base station or a second measurement result obtained based on a measurement of a reference signal from a neighboring base station.

[0187] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value associated with the second measurement result being greater than the value associated with the first measurement result by an offset, and (ii) no obstacle being detected between the terminal and the neighboring base station based on the sensing result.

[0188] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value associated with the second measurement result being greater than the value associated with the first measurement result by an offset, and (ii) the detection of an obstruction between the terminal and the base station based on the sensing result.

[0189] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value related to the first measurement result being smaller than the first threshold, (ii) the value related to the second measurement result being larger than the second threshold, and (iii) no obstacle being detected between the terminal and the neighboring base station based on the sensing result.

[0190] For example, the event for the reporting triggering can be satisfied based on (i) the value related to the first measurement result being smaller than the first threshold, (ii) the value related to the second measurement result being larger than the second threshold, and (iii) the detection of an obstruction between the terminal and the base station based on the sensing result.

[0191] Additionally, for example, the base station may determine a target sensing area based on the mobility of the terminal. Additionally, for example, the sensing function may determine a target sensing area based on the mobility of the terminal. For example, at least one of an obstacle between the terminal and the base station or an obstacle between the terminal and a neighboring base station may be detected or not detected based on the sensing result for the target sensing area.

[0192] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a processor (202) of a base station (200) may control a transceiver (206) to receive a report message related to a measurement result and a sensing result from a terminal, and / or the processor (202) of the base station (200) may determine a handover for the terminal based on the report message, and / or the processor (202) of the base station (200) may control the transceiver (206) to transmit a radio resource control (RRC) reset message to the terminal. For example, the report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result may be received from the terminal based on the measurement result and the sensing result satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0193] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station may be provided. For example, the base station may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the base station to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving a report message related to measurement results and sensing results from a terminal; determining a handover for the terminal based on the report message; and / or transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) reset message to the terminal. For example, the report message related to the measurement results and the sensing results may be received from the terminal based on the measurement results and the sensing results satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0194] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a base station to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving a report message related to measurement results and sensing results from a terminal; determining a handover for the terminal based on the report message; and / or transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) reset message to the terminal. For example, the report message related to the measurement results and the sensing results may be received from the terminal based on the measurement results and the sensing results satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0195] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions may cause a base station to perform an operation based on execution. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving a report message related to measurement results and sensing results from a terminal; determining a handover for the terminal based on the report message; and / or transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) reset message to the terminal. For example, the report message related to the measurement results and the sensing results may be received from the terminal based on the measurement results and the sensing results satisfying an event for reporting triggering.

[0196] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, not only channel quality obtained from a reference signal but also surrounding environment information obtained from a sensing signal (e.g., presence of obstacles, direction of movement of obstacles, speed, etc.) may be considered in the handover procedure. In this case, for example, by detecting obstacles present on the movement path of a UE in advance and predicting abrupt changes in channel quality, the problem of communication performance degradation caused by too early handover or too late handover can be resolved. Furthermore, for example, by performing a handover preemptively at a time when signal blocking by obstacles is expected, the frequency of RLF occurrence can be reduced, and the handover success rate and connection stability can be improved.

[0197] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0198] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0199] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0200] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0201] FIG. 19 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0202] Referring to FIG. 19, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0203] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0204] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0205] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0206] FIG. 20 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0207] Referring to FIG. 20, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 19.

[0208] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0209] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0210] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0211] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0212] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0213] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0214] FIG. 21 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0215] Referring to FIG. 21, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 21 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. The hardware elements of FIG. 21 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20.

[0216] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 21. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0217] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0218] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0219] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 21. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 20) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0220] FIG. 22 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 19). The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0221] Referring to FIG. 22, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 20 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 20. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 20. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0222] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 19, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 19, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 19, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 19, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 19, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 19, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 19, 400), a base station (Fig. 19, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0223] In FIG. 22, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0224] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 22 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0225] FIG. 23 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as an MS (Mobile Station), UT (User Terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), or WT (Wireless Terminal). The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0226] Referring to FIG. 23, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 22.

[0227] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0228] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0229] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, A step in which the terminal obtains a measurement result based on a measurement of a reference signal; The above terminal acquires a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and A method comprising the step of: the terminal transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which an obstacle between the terminal and the base station is detected or not detected based on the sensing result.

3. In Paragraph 1, A method in which an obstacle between the terminal and a neighboring base station is detected or not detected based on the sensing result.

4. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the reference signal comprises at least one of a reference signal from the base station or a reference signal from a neighboring base station.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the sensing signal comprises at least one of the sensing signal from the base station or the sensing signal from a neighboring base station.

6. In Paragraph 1, A method comprising at least one of a first measurement result obtained based on a measurement of a reference signal from the base station or a second measurement result obtained based on a measurement of a reference signal from a neighboring base station.

7. In Paragraph 6, (i) the value associated with the second measurement result is greater than the value associated with the first measurement result by an offset, and (ii) the event for the reporting triggering is satisfied based on the fact that no obstruction is detected between the terminal and the neighboring base station based on the sensing result.

8. In Paragraph 6, (i) the value associated with the second measurement result is greater than the value associated with the first measurement result by an offset, and (ii) the event for the reporting triggering is satisfied based on the detection of an obstruction between the terminal and the base station based on the sensing result.

9. In Paragraph 6, (i) a value related to the first measurement result is smaller than a first threshold, (ii) a value related to the second measurement result is larger than a second threshold, and (iii) an event for the reporting triggering is satisfied based on the fact that no obstacle is detected between the terminal and the neighboring base station based on the sensing result.

10. In Paragraph 6, (i) a value related to the first measurement result is smaller than a first threshold, (ii) a value related to the second measurement result is larger than a second threshold, and (iii) an event for the reporting triggering is satisfied based on the detection of an obstruction between the terminal and the base station based on the sensing result.

11. In Paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of the terminal determining a target sensing area based on the mobility of the terminal.

12. In Paragraph 11, A method in which at least one of an obstacle between the terminal and the base station or an obstacle between the terminal and a neighboring base station is detected or not detected based on the sensing result for the target sensing area.

13. In Paragraph 1, The terminal receives a radio resource control (RRC) reset message from the base station in response to a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result; The above terminal, the step of switching cells; and A method further comprising the step of the terminal transmitting an RRC reset completion message to a neighboring base station.

14. In the terminal, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The device includes at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the terminal is enabled to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, and the operation is: Obtaining measurement results based on measurements of a reference signal; Acquiring a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and A terminal comprising: transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

15. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The device includes at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the terminal is enabled to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, and the operation is: Obtaining measurement results based on measurements of a reference signal; Acquiring a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and A processing device comprising: transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The above commands cause the terminal to perform an operation based on execution, wherein the operation is: Obtaining measurement results based on measurements of a reference signal; Acquiring a sensing result based on a measurement of a sensing signal; and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium comprising: transmitting a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result to a base station based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

17. Regarding the method, A base station receiving a report message related to measurement results and sensing results from a terminal; The above base station determines a handover for the terminal based on the above report message; and The above base station includes the step of transmitting an RRC (radio resource control) reset message to the terminal; A method in which a report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result is received from the terminal, based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

18. Regarding base stations, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The base station is configured to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operation comprises: at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor. Receiving report messages related to measurement results and sensing results from a terminal; Determining a handover for the terminal based on the above report message; and Transmitting an RRC (radio resource control) reset message to the terminal; including, Based on the fact that the above measurement result and the above sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering, the above reporting message related to the above measurement result and the above sensing result is received from the terminal, a base station.

19. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The base station is configured to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operation comprises: at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor. Receiving report messages related to measurement results and sensing results from a terminal; Determining a handover for the terminal based on the above report message; and Transmitting an RRC (radio resource control) reset message to the terminal; including, A processing device that receives the report message related to the measurement result and the sensing result from the terminal, based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The above commands cause the base station to perform an operation based on execution, wherein the operation is: Receiving report messages related to measurement results and sensing results from a terminal; Determining a handover for the terminal based on the above report message; and Transmitting an RRC (radio resource control) reset message to the terminal; including, A non-transient computer-readable storage medium, wherein the reporting message related to the measurement result and the sensing result is received from the terminal, based on the fact that the measurement result and the sensing result satisfy an event for reporting triggering.

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