High-speed electric generator with vertical shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electromechanical engineering, and more particularly to electric generators having a vertical load-bearing rotating shaft. The technical result consists in greater operational reliability and a longer service life. A high-speed electric generator with a vertical shaft comprises a stator, and a rotor seated on the vertical shaft. Mounted on the shaft are magnetic assemblies consisting of annular permanent magnets arranged one completely above another. Radial bearings in the form of radial foil air bearings are mounted on the top and bottom ends of the shaft above and below the magnetic assemblies, respectively. Each magnetic assembly is configured in the form of two annular permanent magnets which are axially magnetized for mutual repulsion, wherein one of the magnets is built into the body of the stator and the other is built into the vertical shaft and is arranged above the annular permanent magnet built into the body of the stator. The bottom end of the vertical shaft is mounted in a recess formed in the body of the stator, with an axial gap between the end of the shaft and the bottom of the recess. Preferably, a thrust bearing in the form of a thrust ball is also mounted in the recess, and two or more magnetic assemblies are mounted on the top and bottom ends of the vertical shaft.

Description

[0001] High-speed vertical shaft generator

[0002] The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to electric generators with a vertically located supporting axis of rotation, and can be used in a wide variety of industries where the generation of electric current is necessary.

[0003] A high-speed electric generator with a vertical shaft is known, comprising a stator, a rotor mounted on a vertical shaft, at the upper and lower ends of which radial bearings and magnetic assemblies are mounted, consisting of annular permanent magnets magnetized axially. (RU Patent 2475928, published 2013).

[0004] The disadvantages of the known high-speed electric generator include the complexity of the design and the high weight and size parameters due to the use of electromagnetic bearings, insufficient operational reliability due to the possibility of damage or even destruction of the hybrid magnetic bearings installed at the ends of the vertical shaft, as well as due to the possibility of irreversible vertical displacement of the shaft.

[0005] The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a high-speed electric generator with a vertical shaft, containing a stator, a rotor mounted on a vertical shaft, on the upper and lower ends of which radial bearings and magnetic assemblies are installed, consisting of ring-shaped permanent magnets, magnetized axially, and located completely one above the other, (Patent of the Russian Federation 2540696, published 2015).

[0006] The disadvantages of the well-known high-speed electric generator also include the complexity of the design and the high weight and size parameters due to the use of electromagnetic bearings, insufficient operational reliability due to the possibility of damage or even destruction of the hybrid magnetic bearings installed at the ends of the vertical shaft, as well as due to the possibility of irreversible vertical displacement of the shaft.

[0007] The proposed invention is aimed at solving a technical problem and achieving a technical result consisting of simplifying the design and reducing the weight and size indicators, increasing operational reliability and increasing the service life, as well as expanding the arsenal of means that have a purpose that coincides with the purpose of the prototype, with a technical result consisting in the implementation of this purpose.

[0008] This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a high-speed electric generator with a vertical shaft, containing a stator, a rotor mounted on a vertical shaft, on the upper and lower ends of which radial bearings and magnetic assemblies are installed, consisting of annular permanent magnets, magnetized axially, and located completely one above the other, the radial bearings are made in the form of radial petal gas-dynamic bearings and are installed on the upper and lower ends of the shaft, respectively, above and below the magnetic assemblies, wherein each magnetic assembly is made in the form of two annular permanent magnets, magnetized axially with the possibility of repulsion from each other, one of which is built into the stator housing, and the other - into the vertical shaft and is located above the annular permanent magnet built into the stator housing, and the lower end of the vertical shaft is installed in a recess made in the stator housing, and is located with an axial gap relative to the bottom of this recess.

[0009] In this case, it is advisable that a thrust bearing, made in the form of a thrust ball, be additionally installed in the recess made in the stator housing between the lower end of the vertical shaft and the bottom of the recess, and that two or more magnetic assemblies be installed on the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft.

[0010] Designing radial bearings as radial flap gas-dynamic bearings, in line with the well-known advantages of such bearings, simplifies the design, extends the service life of the high-speed electric generator, and ensures effective damping of rotor vibrations. This also reduces weight and size.

[0011] The installation of radial petal gas-dynamic bearings at the upper and lower ends of the shaft, respectively, above and below the magnetic assemblies, provides support for the rotor shaft in the parts of the shaft that are most distant from each other, which reduces the load on these bearings and thus increases operational reliability and extends the service life.

[0012] Each magnetic assembly is designed as two axially magnetized annular permanent magnets, one embedded in the stator housing and the other embedded in the vertical shaft and positioned above the annular permanent magnet embedded in the stator housing. This design enhances operational reliability and extends the service life by effectively damping vertical rotor shaft oscillations. For example, if the shaft is undesirably displaced upward, the distance between the annular permanent magnets increases, reducing the repulsive force between the magnets and causing the rotor shaft to shift vertically downward under the rotor's weight.If the shaft is undesirably displaced downwards, given that the permanent magnets must be positioned completely above each other, the distance between the ring-shaped permanent magnets decreases, leading to an increase in the repulsive force between the magnets and a vertical displacement of the rotor shaft. Thus, any undesired displacement of the rotor shaft restores the shaft's vertical position. This prevents the shaft ends from directly contacting the ring-shaped permanent magnets, preventing their destruction.

[0013] In the device (prototype) according to Russian Patent 2540696, when the shaft is undesirably displaced upward, the distance between the lower ring permanent magnets increases, which leads to a decrease in the force of repulsion of the magnets from each other, and between the upper ones, it decreases, which leads to an increase in the force of attraction of the magnets to each other and contributes to further undesirable displacement of the rotor shaft vertically upward.

[0014] The installation of a thrust bearing, made in the form of a thrust ball, in a recess made in the stator housing between the lower end of the vertical shaft and the bottom of the recess allows for the elimination of direct axial impact of the shaft end on the stator housing and increases the operational reliability and service life of the normal operation of the high-speed electric generator.

[0015] The possible installation of two or more magnetic assemblies on the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft allows the use of the required number of magnetic assemblies of certain parameters in accordance with the rotor weight, ensuring levitation suspension of the rotor.

[0016] The technical problem of expanding the range of means having a purpose that coincides with the purpose of the prototype is solved by achieving a technical result consisting of the implementation of this purpose, namely a generator for generating electricity.

[0017] Fig. 1 schematically shows the general view of the proposed high-speed electric generator; Fig. 2 - general view of the proposed high-speed electric generator with a thrust bearing in the form of a ball; Fig. 3 - general view of the proposed high-speed electric generator with additional thrust bearings.

[0018] A high-speed electric generator comprises a stator 1 and a rotor 2 provided with corresponding windings, which is mounted on a vertical shaft 3, on the upper and lower ends of which radial bearings 4 are mounted, made in the form of radial petal gas-dynamic bearings, and magnetic assemblies consisting of annular permanent magnets 5 and 6, magnetized axially and located completely above each other. The radial bearings 4 are mounted on the upper and lower ends of the shaft 3, respectively, above and below the magnetic assemblies. In this case, each magnetic assembly is made in the form of two annular permanent magnets 5 and 6, magnetized axially with the possibility of repulsion from each other, one 5 of which is built into the stator housing 1, and the other 6 - into the vertical shaft 3 and is located above the annular permanent magnet 5 built into the stator housing. Two or more magnetic assemblies can be mounted on the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft 3.

[0019] The lower end of the vertical shaft 3 is mounted in a recess 7 formed in the stator housing 1 and is positioned with an axial clearance relative to the bottom of this recess 7. A thrust bearing 8, formed in the form of a thrust ball, may be additionally installed in the recess 7 formed in the stator housing 1 between the lower end of the vertical shaft 3 and the bottom of the recess 7. Furthermore, additional thrust petal gas-dynamic bearings 9 may be installed between the ends of the rotor 2 and the inner ends of the stator housing 1 to eliminate the possible effect of precession instability of permanent magnet bearings.

[0020] The high speed electric generator works as follows.

[0021] Using, for example, gas turbines, vertical shaft 3 with rotor 2 mounted thereon reaches its nominal rotational speed, and electrical energy is generated as a result of the corresponding interaction between the windings of rotor 2 and stator 1. Contactless rotation of shaft 3 with rotor 2 is ensured by magnetic assemblies consisting of ring-shaped permanent magnets 5 and 6, magnetized axially with the ability to repel each other, providing levitation suspension of rotor 2. As shown above, any undesirable displacement of rotor shaft 3 results in the shaft's vertical position being restored. There is no direct contact between the ends of shaft 3 and ring-shaped permanent magnets 5 and 6, which prevents their destruction. If necessary, thrust bearing 8 and additional thrust flap gas-dynamic bearings 9 may be used.

[0022] The proposed high-speed electric generator has a simple design, low weight and dimensions, and ensures high operational reliability and a long service life.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A high-speed electric generator with a vertical shaft, comprising a stator, a rotor mounted on a vertical shaft, on the upper and lower ends of which radial bearings and magnetic assemblies are mounted, consisting of annular permanent magnets, magnetized axially, and located completely one above the other, characterized in that the radial bearings are made in the form of radial petal gas-dynamic bearings and are mounted on the upper and lower ends of the shaft, respectively, above and below the magnetic assemblies, wherein each magnetic assembly is made in the form of two annular permanent magnets, magnetized axially with the possibility of repulsion from each other, one of which is built into the stator housing, and the other - into the vertical shaft and is located above the annular permanent magnet built into the stator housing, and the lower end of the vertical shaft is mounted in a recess made in the stator housing and is located with an axial clearance relative to the bottom of this recess.

2. A high-speed electric generator with a vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that a thrust bearing made in the form of a thrust ball is additionally installed in the recess made in the stator housing between the lower end of the vertical shaft and the bottom of the recess.

3. A high-speed electric generator with a vertical shaft according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that two or more magnetic assemblies are installed on the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft.

Images