Integration of multiple contacts into standard RF and electrical connectors

Abstract

A connector design configuration is presented where multiple signal lines are incorporated in a single connector utilizing standard, well-known attachment schemes. The connectors are adaptable to integrate constant impedance contacts, which may be integrated with standard connections. The internal construction within the standard connector outer casing provides for a plurality of socket contacts or pin contacts, and unique insulator configurations to allow for signal propagation and electrical isolation. The modified or integrated connectors are utilized in various RF and power applications such as medical, military, satellite, aerospace, avionics, broadcast, test and measurement and specialized applications, such as connectors for cryogenically cooled environmental systems, a cryostat system or for quantum computer architecture.

Description

INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE CONTACTS INTO STANDARD RE AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTORSBackground Of The Invention1. Field of the Invention

[0001] This invention relates to electrical connectors, predominantly transmission line connectors, and more specifically connectors for flexible, conformable, semi-rigid coaxial cables including power connectors and printed circuit board connectors. A connector design configuration is presented where multiple signal lines are incorporated in a single connector utilizing standard, well-known attachment schemes, such as BNC, SMA, TNC, and N Type, to name a few. The connectors are adaptable to incorporate constant impedance contacts, which may be integrated with standard connections. These connections are designed for various impedance responses and hence the invention is capable of being utilized in various RF and power applications such as medical, military, satellite, aerospace, avionics, broadcast, test and measurement and specialized applications, such as connectors for cryogenically cooled environmental systems, for example, a cryostat system or for quantum computer architecture. Specialized constant impedance connections can be embedded in the overall connector housing.2. Description of Related Art

[0002] Connectors link the various conductors of transmission lines to equipment or other cables. A coaxial cable connector provides for an electrically conductive contact between conductors of electricity, wherein the joint connection is of a type that may be readily made and broken repeatedly by attachment and detachment of contact supporting structure on each conductor.

[0003] The connectors usually include a small projecting male center conductor or pin and a corresponding female center conductor or socket made to mechanically and electrically receive the male portion or pin.

[0004] The center conductor portion of the connector is quite fragile and prone to damage. The center conductor portion can become damaged when, for example, the connector is misaligned during a connection. This is likely to happen during "blind-mate" connections, remotely located connections, and quick connect / disconnect applications. Generally, the center conductor is made of a bendable copper wire of finite diameter, having little or no mechanical support to resist bending or other forces. In typical coaxial connectors, the male portion of the centerconductor projects and extends out beyond the outer conductor for insertion into the female socket portion. Thus, the center conductor tip of a coaxial cable connector is exposed and vulnerable to handling and deforming during insertion. Furthermore, any connection that is not thoroughly and appropriately attached may have the signal line impedance adversely affected.

[0005] A coaxial cable or connector as identified above has a characteristic impedance determined by the geometry of the cable or connector structure and the corresponding dielectric material between the conductors. The characteristic impedance may be represented by the formula:Z=138 (s)’1 / 2log(D / d),where,Z is the impedance of the line;D is the inner diameter of the outer conductor;d is the outer diameter of the inner conductor; and a is the relative dielectric constant.

[0006] Importantly, the connector must also exhibit this same impedance. Otherwise, signal disruption and reflections will degrade the signal quality due to the impedance mismatch. This is especially true in the higher frequency regimes - in applications where the signal frequency is on the order of 1 gigahertz and higher.Summary of the Invention

[0007] Bearing in mind the problems and deficiencies of the prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide for plug and a receptacle connector design configurations where multiple signal lines are incorporated in a single connector utilizing standard, well-known attachment schemes, such as BNC, SMA, TNC, and N Type, to name a few.

[0008] It is another object of the present invention to provide for reverse polarity plug and receptacle connector design configures to the above-identified connector design configurations.

[0009] A further object of the invention is to provide plug and receptacle designs configurations for power conductors, where single and multiple power lines can be incorporated in single standardized connectors.PHNX110006099

[0010] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide for a computer system incorporating plug and a receptacle connector design configurations where multiple signal lines are incorporated in a single connector.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide the aforementioned design configurations where the multiple signal lines are configured for a constant impedance connection.

[0012] Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification.

[0013] The above and other objects, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, are achieved in the present invention which is directed to a multi-coaxial electrical plug connector which preferably comprises: a conductive outer casing or coupling nut; a plurality of center socket contacts; a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by the outer casing, the conductive plug inner body having individual cavities, one for each of the plurality of center socket contacts, each of the individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of the plurality of center socket contacts; and a plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of the plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within the individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of the plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of the plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of the plurality of center socket contacts to the conductive plug inner body.

[0014] The individual cavities of the plug inner body may be cylindrical, and are preferably cylindrical, and receive one of the plurality of individual insulators, where the insulators are cylindrical and receive one of the plurality of center socket contacts. The conductive plug inner body is in electrical communication with the outer casing or coupling nut, and may provide an electrical ground reference for the plurality of center socket contacts. The center sockets may constitute any number that would feasibly fit in the outer casing, and preferably can range from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing or coupling nut.

[0015] The outer casing or coupling nut is preferably configured for, although not necessarily restricted to, a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC, SMA, Type N, orPHNX110006099TNC, plug connector, and may be configured and adapted for a cable-mount or board-mount design.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to an alternative multi-coaxial electrical plug connector design having a conductive outer casing or coupling nut; a plurality of pin contacts; a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by the outer casing, the conductive plug inner body having individual cavities, one for each of the plurality of pin contacts, each of the individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of the plurality of pin contacts; a plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within the individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of the plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of the plurality of pin contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of the plurality of pin contacts to the conductive plug inner body; and a plurality of conductive outer contacts, each corresponding to one of the plurality of individual insulators, wherein each of the plurality of outer contacts is electrically isolated from each of the plurality of pin contacts, and is in electrical communication with the conductive plug inner body.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to a multi -coaxial electrical receptacle connector comprising: a conductive outer casing; a plurality of pin contacts; a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of the plurality of pin contacts, wherein each individual outer contact is in mechanical and electrical communication with the conductive outer casing; and a plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulators slidably receives one of the plurality of pin contacts, and provides electrical separation for each of the plurality of pin contacts from the conductive outer casing and the conductive outer contacts; wherein the outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for the plurality of pin contacts.

[0018] The conductive outer casing and the plurality of conductive outer contacts preferably provide an electrical ground connection for the plurality of pin contacts.

[0019] This receptacle connector may be configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC, SMA, Type N, or TNC, receptacle connector.

[0020] One of the plurality of pin contacts in conjunction with one of the plurality of individual insulators and one of the plurality of outer contacts may be configured to form a step diameterPHNX110006099construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection, wherein each of the plurality of conductive outer contacts forms an electrical ground or signal return for the constant impedance connection.

[0021] The electrical receptacle connector can be adapted for cable-mount or board mount designs.

[0022] The aforementioned multi -coaxial electrical receptacle and plug connectors may further be configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm or 75-ohm impedances.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to an alternative multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector comprising: a conductive outer casing; a plurality of center socket contacts; and a plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulators slidably receives one of the plurality of center socket contacts, and wherein each of the individual insulators provides electrical separation for each of the plurality of center socket contacts from the conductive outer casing.

[0024] In a fifth aspect, the present invention is directed to a reverse polarity multi-coaxial electrical plug connector comprising: an outer casing or coupling nut; a conductive plug body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter; a conductive cylindrical holding shell having a plurality of cavities therethrough, the holding shell having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the plug body, such that the holding shell is slidably insertable within the plug body; a plurality of conductive tubes, each of the plurality of conductive tubes being slidably insertable within one of the plurality of cavities of the holding shell; a plurality of center socket contacts; and a plurality of individual insulators, wherein each of the plurality of individual insulators receives one of the plurality of center socket contacts and is circumferentially encased within one of the plurality of conductive tubes, providing electrical separation for each of the plurality of center socket contacts to the conductive tubes.

[0025] In this embodiment, the conductive plug inner body is in electrical communication with the outer casing or coupling nut, and provides an electrical ground reference for the plurality of center socket contacts.

[0026] One of the plurality of center socket contacts is preferably in conjunction with one of the plurality of individual insulators and forms a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.PHNX110006099

[0027] In a sixth aspect, the present invention is directed to a reverse polarity multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector comprising: a conductive outer casing; a plurality of pin contacts; a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of the plurality of pin contacts, the outer contacts in electrical communication with the conductive outer casing; a plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator cavity slidably receives one of the plurality of pin contacts, wherein each of the individual insulators provides electrical separation for each of the plurality of pin contacts from the conductive outer casing and the conductive outer contacts; and a cylindrical housing inner shell having cavities therethrough to receive a subassembly of each of the outer contacts, individual insulators, and pin contacts, such that each of the plurality of conductive outer contacts are isolated from each of the plurality of pin contacts by the individual insulators.

[0028] One of the plurality of pin contacts in conjunction with one of the plurality of individual insulators may be configured to form a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

[0029] In a seventh aspect, the present invention is directed to an electrical plug for a power conductor comprising: a conductive outer casing or coupling nut; at least one socket power contact; a conductive plug inner body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter, the plug inner body slidably insertable within and encased by the outer casing or coupling nut, the conductive plug inner body comprising at least one cavity; and an insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within the interior of the conductive plug inner body, the insulating cylindrical shell having at least one cavity for receiving the at least one socket power contact, the at least one cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including an indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning the at least one socket power contact in place; wherein each of the at least one socket power contact includes an outer surface with a circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding the clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with an extended region of the insulated cylindrical shell.

[0030] The conductive plug inner body is preferably in electrical communication with the conductive outer casing or coupling nut.PHNX110006099

[0031] The outer casing or coupling nut can be configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC, SMA, Type N, or TNC, plug connector. The at least one socket power contact in conjunction with the insulating cylindrical shell may be configured to form a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection using the hollow interior of the conductive plug inner body as an outer contact body for the constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

[0032] The at least one socket power contact may be configured for three (3) socket power contacts in this design, and the at least one cavity of the insulating cylindrical shell may be configured for three (3) cavities, one for each of the socket power contacts.

[0033] In an eight aspect, the present invention is directed to an electrical receptacle for a power conductor comprising: a conductive outer casing having a hollow interior; at least one power pin contact; and an insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within the hollow interior of the conductive outer casing, the insulating cylindrical shell having at least one cavity for receiving the at least one power pin contact, the at least one cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including an indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning the at least one power pin contact in place; wherein each of the at least one power pin contact includes an outer surface with a circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding the retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with an extended region of the insulated cylindrical shell.

[0034] The conductive outer casing is preferably configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC, SMA, Type N, or TNC, receptacle connector.

[0035] The at least one power pin contact may be configured for three (3) power pin contacts, and the at least one cavity of the insulating cylindrical shell may be configured for three (3) cavities, one for each of the power pin contacts.

[0036] In a ninth aspect, the present invention is directed to an alternative electrical plug design for a power conductor comprising: a conductive outer casing or coupling nut; at least one socket power contact and at least one signal socket contact; a conductive plug inner body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter, the plug inner body slidably insertable within andPHNX110006099encased by the outer casing or coupling nut, the conductive plug inner body comprising a cylindrical cavity for receiving an insulating cylindrical shell; and the insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within the interior of the conductive plug inner body, the insulating cylindrical shell including: at least one first cavity for receiving the at least one socket power contact, the at least one first cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a first indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a first retaining clip ring, and a first extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning the at least one socket power contact in place; wherein each of the at least one socket power contact includes an outer surface with a first circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding the first retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with the first extended region of the insulated cylindrical shell; and at least one second cavity for receiving the at least one signal socket contact, the at least one second cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a second indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a second retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning the at least one signal socket contact in place; wherein each of the at least one signal socket contact includes an outer surface with a second circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding the second retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with the second extended region of the insulated cylindrical shell.

[0037] The at least one signal socket contact may be configured for three (3) signal socket contacts, and the at least one cavity of the insulating cylindrical shell may be configured for three (3) cavities, one for each of the signal socket contacts.

[0038] In a tenth aspect, the present invention is directed to an alternative electrical receptacle for a power conductor comprising: a conductive outer casing having a hollow interior; at least one power pin contact and at least one signal pin contact; and the insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within the interior of the conductive plug inner body, the insulating cylindrical shell including: at least one first cavity for receiving the at least one power pin contact, the at least one first cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a first indented region representing a larger internalPHNX110006099diameter for receiving and securing a first retaining clip ring, and a first extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning the at least one power pin contact in place; wherein each of the at least one power pin contact includes an outer surface with a first circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding the first retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with the first extended region of the insulated cylindrical shell; and at least one second cavity for receiving the at least one signal pin contact, the at least one second cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a second indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a second retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning the at least one signal pin contact in place; wherein each of the at least one signal pin contact includes an outer surface with a second circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding the second retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with the second extended region of the insulated cylindrical shell.

[0039] The at least one signal pin contact may be configured for three (3) signal pin contacts, and the at least one cavity of the insulating cylindrical shell may be configured for three (3) cavities, one for the power pin contact and one for each of the at least one signal pin contact.

[0040] In an eleventh aspect, the present invention is directed to a connection system for a computer for transmitting signal cables through tiered stages, comprising: a plurality of first signal cables having a multi-coaxial electrical plug connector including: a first conductive outer casing or coupling nut; a plurality of center socket contacts; a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by the outer casing, the conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of the plurality of center socket contacts, each of the individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of the plurality of center socket contacts; and a first plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of the first plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within the individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of the first plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of the plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of the plurality of center socket contacts to the conductive plug inner body; a first connector housing for securing each of the plurality of firstPHNX110006099signal cables; a hermetic header housing mounted to a first plate, having first and second sides, the hermetic header housing having multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connectors mounted on the first side, and hermetic seals located between each of the hermetic header housing electrical receptacle connectors on the first and second sides for hermetically sealing center conductors passing therethrough, wherein the hermetic header housing connectors on the first side are complementary connectors to the electrical plug connector of the plurality of first signal cables, such that the first connector housing is in a cable connection with the hermetic header housing on the first side; wherein the electrical receptacle connectors include: a second conductive outer casing; a plurality of pin contacts; a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of the plurality of pin contacts, wherein each individual outer contact is in mechanical and electrical communication with one of the plurality of pin contacts, the outer contacts in electrical communication with the second conductive outer casing; and a second plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each of the second plurality of individual insulators slidably receives one of the plurality of pin contacts, such that electrical separation is achieved for each of the plurality of pin contacts from the second conductive outer casing and the conductive outer contacts; wherein the second outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for the plurality of pin contacts; and a second connector housing having a plurality of second signal cables, each of the plurality of second signal cables having the electrical receptacle connector, wherein the second connector housing plurality of second signal cable connectors are complementary connectors to the hermetic header housing connectors on the second side.

[0041] The connection system for a computer may further include a lower housing stage having an upper portion and a lower portion, the lower housing stage mounted to a second plate, the lower housing stage upper portion comprising a plurality of mating connectors for mating with the plurality of second signal cables extending from the hermetic header housing on the second side, the mating connectors being either the multi -coaxial electrical plug connector or the multicoaxial electrical receptacle connectors, each having an attenuator embedded therein for signal attenuation or electrical signal filtering, the lower housing stage lower portion terminating with a plurality of third signal cables.

[0042] The first outer casing or coupling nut of the multi-coaxial electrical plug connector and / or the second outer casing of the multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector may bePHNX110006099configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC, SMA, Type N, or TNC, plug or receptacle connector, respectively.

[0043] The multi-coaxial electrical plug connector may include having one of the plurality of center socket contacts in conjunction with one of the first plurality of individual insulators forming a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection using a cavity in the conductive plug inner body as an outer contact body for the constant impedance (PkZ®) connection, and the multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector may include having one of the plurality of center pin contacts in conjunction with one of the second plurality of individual insulators forming a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

[0044] In a twelfth aspect, the present invention is directed to a cryogenic header assembly, comprising: a plate having a front side and a back side, and a plurality of electrical connectors, wherein the electrical connectors on the front side or back side include either an electrical plug connector or an electrical receptacle connector, such that the electrical plug connector includes: a first conductive outer casing or coupling nut; a plurality of center socket contacts; a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by the first outer casing or coupling nut, the conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of the plurality of center socket contacts, each of the individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of the plurality of center socket contacts; and a first plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of the first plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within the individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of the first plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of the plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of the plurality of center socket contacts to the conductive plug inner body; and such that the electrical receptacle connector includes: a second conductive outer casing; a plurality of pin contacts; a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of the plurality of pin contacts, wherein the outer contacts in electrical communication with the second conductive outer casing; and a second plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator of the second plurality of individual insulators slidably receives one of the plurality of pin contacts, and provides electrical separation for each of the plurality of pin contacts from the second conductive outer casing and the conductive outerPHNX110006099contacts; wherein the second outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for the plurality of pin contacts.

[0045] In a final aspect, the present invention is directed to a cable harness for a connection system for a computer for transmitting signal cables through tiered stages, the cable harness having multiple conductor lines terminating in either an electrical plug connector or an electrical receptacle connector, such that the electrical plug connector includes: a first conductive outer casing or coupling nut; a plurality of center socket contacts; a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by the first outer casing or coupling nut, the conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of the plurality of center socket contacts, each of the individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of the plurality of center socket contacts; and a first plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of the first plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within the individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of the first plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of the plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of the plurality of center socket contacts to the conductive plug inner body; and such that the electrical receptacle connector includes: a second conductive outer casing; a plurality of pin contacts; a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of the plurality of pin contacts, wherein the outer contacts in electrical communication with the second conductive outer casing; and a second plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator of the second plurality of individual insulators slidably receives one of the plurality of pin contacts, and provides electrical separation for each of the plurality of pin contacts from the second conductive outer casing and the conductive outer contacts; wherein the second outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for the plurality of pin contacts.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0046] The features of the invention believed to be novel and the elements characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The figures are for illustration purposes only and are not drawn to scale. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, may best be understood by reference to the detailed description which follows taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:PHNX110006099

[0047] Fig. 1 depicts a standard BNC plug connector (single coaxial construction) typically capable of operating within a frequency range of DC to about 4 GHz;

[0048] Fig. 2 depicts an integrated BNC plug connector of an embodiment of the present invention with multiple signal / power contacts surrounded by a solid metal plug inner body component, where the plug inner body provides electrical ground connection;

[0049] Fig. 3 depicts an assembly view of a constant impedance multi-layered connector system for cryostat computing applications;

[0050] Fig. 4 depicts a cable assembly of an integrated BNC plug to integrated BNC Jack connectors having multiple signal / power lines, including constant impedance connector components for use in a cryostat upgraded system;

[0051] Fig. 5 depicts eight integrated BNC Jack connectors attached to a plate, preferably in a symmetric placement about center aperture, for integration in a system, such as a cryostat system;

[0052] Fig. 6 depicts exemplary integrated BNC plugs with inner pin and socket patterns (reverse polarization) attainable in a single outer connector casing;

[0053] Fig. 7 depicts an integrated BNC receptacle and plug pattern for an eight connection connector;

[0054] Fig. 8 depicts an isometric view of a mated, integrated BNC connector showing eight contact locations;

[0055] Fig. 9 depicts a cross-sectional side view of the mated, integrated BNC connector of Fig. 8;

[0056] Fig. 10 is an isometric view of the integrated BNC plug connector of Fig. 9, depicting eight constant impedance contact sockets;

[0057] Fig. 11 is an exploded view of the integrated BNC plug connector of Fig. 10, depicting the salient components that constitute a multi-coaxial integrated BNC connector having constant impedance contacts;PHNX110006099

[0058] Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the integrated BNC plug connector of Figs. 10 and 11, showing the plug inner body circumferentially surrounding each constant impedance contact and insulator;

[0059] Fig. 13 Ais a perspective view of an integrated BNC receptacle or jack connector, which is complementary to the integrated BNC plug of Figs. 11 and 12;

[0060] Fig. 13B is a cross-sectional view of the integrated BNC receptacle or jack connector ofFig. 13A;

[0061] Fig. 13C depicts an exploded view of the integrated BNC connector having a jack connector outer body ofFig. 13 A;

[0062] Fig. 14 depicts a reverse-polarity configuration of a plug BNC connector encompassing outer contacts that correspond to individual insulators, and house respective pin center contacts within a conductive plug inner body;

[0063] Fig. 15A depicts an isometric view of an integrated BNC jack connector body having a PCB mount for attachment to a printed circuit board, where the mounting structure includes legs extending into the PC board;

[0064] Fig. 15B depicts a cross-section of a mated, constant impedance, integrated BNC connector assembly configured for a PC board mount using the integrated BNC jack connector ofFig. 15A;

[0065] Fig. 16 depicts an alternative embodiment, where the solid, one-piece plug inner body ofFig. 11 is replaced with a multiple piece construction;

[0066] Figs. 17A and 17B depict front and rear views of the integrated BNC plug ofFig. 16 of the exemplary alternative embodiment, respectively;

[0067] Fig. 18 depicts an alternative embodiment in an exploded view of a complementary integrated BNC receptacle connector to the integrated BNC plug connector ofFig. 16 ;

[0068] Fig. 19 depicts a cross-sectional view of the integrated BNC receptacle of the exemplary alternative embodiment, complementary to the integrated BNC plug ofFig. 16;

[0069] Fig. 20 depicts a perspective view of an integrated BNC receptacle jack connector with mounting struts or legs;PHNX110006099

[0070] Fig. 21A depicts a perspective view of a modified BNC plug connector for standard (non-constant impedance) contact configurations;

[0071] Fig. 21B depicts a cross-sectional view of the modified BNC plug connector of Fig.21A;

[0072] Fig. 22 depicts an exploded view of the configuration in Fig. 21A, showing the plug inner body having the cylindrical cavities to receive the insulators and socket center contacts, all secured within the plug coupling nut;

[0073] Fig. 23 depicts a perspective view of a modified BNC plug for standard non-constant impedance (non-PkZ®) contact configurations;

[0074] Fig. 24Ais an exploded view of the jack connector of Fig. 23;

[0075] Fig. 24B depicts an exploded view of a reverse polarity jack connector of a four-contact configuration in contrast to the embodiment of Fig. 24A;

[0076] Fig. 24C depicts the jack connector of Figs. 23 and 24A configured for a PC board mount;

[0077] Fig. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the modified BNC receptacle connector of Fig. 23;

[0078] Fig. 26A is an isometric, perspective view of a mated, modified BNC connector plug and receptacle of Figs. 21 A and 24C;

[0079] Fig. 26B is a cross-sectional view of the mated, modified BNC connector plug and receptacle of Fig. 26A.

[0080] Fig. 27A depicts an isometric view of a single power plug connector, forming one power connection, utilizing a BNC plug coupling nut;

[0081] Fig. 27B is an exploded view of the single power plug connector of Fig. 27A utilizing, for illustrative purposes, the constituent components of a modified BNC design;

[0082] Fig. 27C depicts a cross-sectional view of the single power plug connector, delineating the assembly of its constituent components;

[0083] Fig. 28 A depicts an isometric view of the complementary receptacle or jack connector to the plug connector of Fig. 27A;PHNX110006099

[0084] Fig. 28B is an exploded view of the complementary jack connector of Fig. 28A, where the jack connector includes a receptacle -body, an annular cylindrical insulator, and a power contact pin, preferably with a clip ring;

[0085] Fig. 28C depicts a cross-sectional view of the complementary receptacle or jack connector of Fig. 28 A delineating the assembly of its constituent components;

[0086] Fig. 29A depicts an isometric view of a mated, modified BNC power connector with three power conductor ports;

[0087] Fig. 29B depicts an isometric view of the modified BNC plug connector with the tripower conductor ports configuration identified in Fig. 29A;

[0088] Fig. 29C is an exploded view of the modified BNC plug connector of Fig. 29B;

[0089] Fig. 29D is a selected cross-sectional view of the modified BNC plug connector of Fig.29B depicting a cross section of one of the power socket contacts;

[0090] Fig. 30A depicts an isometric view of the complementary power jack connector for the plug connector of Fig. 29B;

[0091] Fig. 30B is an exploded view of the power jack connector of Fig. 30A;

[0092] Fig. 30C is a selected cross-sectional view of the power jack connector of Fig. 30A depicting the cross section of one of the power pin contacts with a second power pin contact appearing adjacent;

[0093] Fig. 31A depicts an isometric view of a modified BNC power / signal plug connector having three ports adapted for RF signals and power connections;

[0094] Fig. 3 IB is an exploded view of the modified BNC power / signal plug connector of Fig.31 A;

[0095] Fig. 31C is a selected cross-sectional view of the modified power / signal plug connector of Fig. 31 A depicting power socket contact;

[0096] Fig. 3 ID depicts a selected cross-sectional view of the modified power / signal plug connector of Fig. 31 A emphasizing the two RF socket contacts;

[0097] Fig. 32A depicts an isometric view of the modified BNC jack power / signal connector that is complementary to the power / signal plug connector of Fig. 31 A;PHNX110006099

[0098] Fig. 32B is an exploded view of the modified jack power / signal connector of Fig. 32A;

[0099] Fig. 32C depicts a selected side cross-sectional view of the modified jack power / signal connector of Fig. 32A emphasizing the power contact;

[0100] Fig. 32D depicts a selected side cross-sectional view of the modified jack power / signal connector of Fig. 32A emphasizing the two RF pin contacts;

[0101] Fig. 33A depicts a front view of integrated or modified BNC connectors on a cryogenic header assembly 430 as may be utilized as shown in Fig. 3;

[0102] Fig. 33B depicts a rear view of the integrated or modified BNC connectors on the cryogenic header assembly of Fig. 32A;

[0103] Fig. 33C is a side view of the cryogenic header of Fig. 33 A and 33B, depicting both front and back side connections;

[0104] Fig. 33D is an isometric view of the cryogenic header assembly of Fig. 33C;

[0105] Fig. 33E is an exploded view of the cryogenic header assembly of Fig. 33C;

[0106] Fig. 34A depicts a front view of a cryogenic variable attenuator assembly incorporating integrated or modified connectors, such as integrated or modified BNC connectors;

[0107] Fig. 34B depicts a rear view of the integrated or modified BNC connectors on the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly of Fig. 34A;

[0108] Fig. 34C is a side view of the cryogenic header of Fig. 34A and 34B;

[0109] Fig. 34D is an exploded view of the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly;

[0110] Fig. 34E is a partially exploded top rotated view of the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly of Fig. 34A with the integrated or modified BNC connectors inserted in the apertures of the first connector housing plate "A";

[0111] Fig. 34F is a partially exploded bottom rotated view of the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly of Fig. 34A;

[0112] Fig. 34G is an exploded view of the variable attenuator assembly plate, including variable attenuator chips for insertion within cavities or apertures 486 in the variable attenuator assemble plate;PHNX110006099

[0113] Fig. 34H depicts an isometric view of the printed circuit board plate assembly of the cryogenic assembly with integrated or modified BNC jack connectors; and

[0114] Fig. 34J is an exploded view of the printed circuit board plate assembly of Fig. 34H.

[0115] Fig. 35 depicts an isometric view of cable assembly having a cable harness terminated at each end by an integrated or modified BNC plug connector.Description of the Preferred Embodiment(s)

[0116] Embodiments of the present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

[0117] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms "include" and / or "including" when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0118] Relative terms such as "below," "above," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "rear," "front," "side," or the like may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element or component to another element or component as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.

[0119] Additionally, in the subject description, the words "exemplary," "illustrative," or the like are used to mean serving as an example, instance or illustration. Any aspect or designPHNX110006099described herein as "exemplary" or "illustrative" is not necessarily intended to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or design. Rather, use of the words "exemplary" or "illustrative" is merely intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion.

[0120] In describing the embodiment of the present invention, reference will be made herein to Figs. 1 - 35 of the drawings in which like numerals refer to like features of the invention.

[0121] Standard electrical connectors are well known and utilized in many applications in science and industry. Standardized connection schemes include BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (SubMiniature version A), Type N connector, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection) connector, to name a few. These connection schemes allow for easy connect / disconnect attachments by a user.

[0122] For example, a BNC connector is a miniature quick-connect / disconnect radiofrequency connector for coaxial cable. It is widely used in radio systems and as a common type of video connector. It has a twist-to-lock design, where two lugs on the female connector engage slots in the shell of the male one. It is designed to maintain the characteristic impedance of the attached cable across the BNC connection, and is typically made for 50-ohm and 75-ohm connections.

[0123] It is also possible for BNC connectors to have reverse polarity versions (often labeled RP-BNC), which are commonly used in wireless equipment to comply with regulations, such as FCC rules for antennas. These connectors swap the center pin and socket compared to standard BNC connector configurations.

[0124] SMA connectors are semi -preci si on coaxial RF connectors with a screw-type coupling mechanism. The connector is typically designed for 50-ohm impedance connections. It is most commonly used in microwave systems, hand-held radio and mobile telephone antennas, and WiFi antenna systems. SMA connectors may also be available in reverse-polarity versions.

[0125] The N connector (also, type-N connector) is a threaded, weatherproof, medium-size RF connector used to join coaxial cables. The male connector is typically hand-tightened (though versions with a hex nut are also available) and is generally designed with an air gap between the center and outer conductors. The 50-ohm version is widely used in the infrastructure of land mobile, wireless data, paging, and cellular systems. The 75-ohm versionPHNX110006099is primarily used in the infrastructure of cable television systems. The N connector also comes in a reverse-polarity version. The reverse-polarity connectors use the same outer shell, but change the gender of the inner pin contacts.

[0126] The TNC connector is a threaded version of the BNC connector. It generally has better performance than the BNC connector at microwave frequencies. The TNC connector may also be available in reverse-polarity versions. Reverse-polarity TNC (RP-TNC or RTNC) is a variation of the TNC specification which reverses the polarity of the interface.

[0127] BNC, TNC, SMA, N Type connections are commonly used RF Connectors with oversized bodies and a singular coaxial connection. These connectors were developed to meet low frequency requirements. With rapid increase in modes of communication, the size of systems needs to be decreased, and the frequency responses need to be increased.

[0128] Adapting a PkZ® connector within a standardized connection scheme, such as a BNC, SMA, Type N connector, or TNC, to name a few, allows for easy connect / disconnect attachments by a user. Moreover, providing a design to accommodate multiple constant impedance (PkZ®) connectors within a standard connection scheme can allow for a multiple connection situation that can enhance higher frequency applications, including applications with rigorous environmental restrictions, such as in cryogenically cooled systems.

[0129] In general, constant impedance connectors maintain a consistent characteristic impedance — typically 50 or 75 Ohms — across the connection point to minimize signal reflections, optimize power transfer, and reduce return loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), particularly in high-frequency RF applications. They are crucial for maintaining signal integrity, distinguishing them from non-constant impedance types like standard UHF connectors. The Phoenix Company of Chicago offers constant impedance connectors (referred to as PkZ® connectors), providing 50 / 75-ohm impedance with high RF performance (up to 40-50 GHz) for blindmate applications. This constant impedance (PkZ®) connector is designed for high-density microwave, modular military / aerospace, and quantum computing environments, to name a few.

[0130] Applications for this modified contact-to-contact connector integration include, but are not limited to: avionic systems, in-flight entertainment (IFE) and cabin systems; military and defense aviation; industrial applications; fiber optic systems; space and satellite systems;PHNX110006099ground-based military equipment; flight simulators and instrumentation; and cryogenic and quantum computing, to name a few.

[0131] For exemplary purposes, a BNC connector will be described incorporating embodiments of the present invention; however, other standardized connection schemes may be utilized in lieu of a BNC connector, achieving similar results, and the present invention is not limited to any single connector type, and may be applied to other standardized connectors without appreciable design alterations.

[0132] The connectors presented herein are presented in two forms: a modified connector and an integrated connector. The modified connector takes a standard connector configuration, such as a BNC, TNC, SMA, or other standard configuration, and incorporates multiple conductor lines therein, utilizing unique internal construction to accommodate this design. The integrated connector achieves the same consolidation of multiple conductors in a standard cable configuration, while forming a constant impedance connection for each conductor. Connectors herein shall be referred to as either modified or integrated, such as for example a modified BNC or an integrated BNC connector.

[0133] Fig. 1 depicts a standard BNC plug connector 10 (single coaxial construction) typically capable of operating within a frequency range of DC to about 4 GHz.

[0134] As shown, the connector housing has a male pin contact depicted. The connector 10 is shown with a single extended center pin contact 12, surrounded by a dielectric cylindrical shell 14, and outer metal ground casing 16. The cylindrical outer shell 18 is rotatably attached to a complementary connector (not shown) for a standard BNC-type attachment. In this typical BNC connector design, a single center pin contact is demonstrated, which is generally utilized in coaxial connection schemes, where the outer housing provides for ground or zero potential for the signal traversing the center pin contact. The connection provides for impedancematching to minimize signal reflection by ensuring the source, transmission line, and load impedances are essentially equal, allowing signals to pass without bouncing back. This practice, crucial in high-frequency, RF, and PCB design, reduces standing waves and improves signal integrity, maximizing power transfer and preventing distortion.

[0135] The present invention provides a design configuration that introduces multiple signal contacts in a single connector housing. Fig. 2 depicts a modified or integrated BNC plug 20 ofPHNX110006099an embodiment of the present invention with a plurality of signal contacts 22a,b,c,d (four are shown in this particular illustrative embodiment) surrounded by a solid metal inner body component 24, where the inner body provides electrical ground connection.

[0136] Advantageously, this modified BNC connector may be integrated with PkZ® constant impedance connector components. Standardized constant impedance connectors accommodate large radial and axial misalignment tolerances found in modular applications. Constant impedance technology, as found in the PkZ® connectors of The Phoenix Company of Chicago (Naugatuck, Connecticut), provide for impedance matching even during axial misalignment.

[0137] In a constant impedance connector, first and second coaxial connector housings form a constant impedance connection, each coaxial connector plug including: an inner contact having an outer diameter and a free end, an outer contact having an inner diameter and a free end, the inner contact coaxial with the outer contact, the inner and outer contact free ends coincident with the connector free end; a fixed end attachable to a coaxial cable having a dielectric between the inner and outer contacts, and extending up to the outer contact free end. The connector plug housings engage and electrically connect the plugs, wherein the inner and outer contacts of the plugs are shaped, and material for the dielectric spacers is chosen, ensuring constant impedance with low insertion forces.

[0138] More particularly, in an exemplary constant impedance connector, the first coaxial connector includes a female connector having a free end and a fixed end, the female connector comprising: an outer contact having an inner diameter Di; an inner contact having an outer diameter di; a portion of the inner contact extending beyond the outer contact at the female connector's free end and having a diameter ds; and a second connector which includes a male connector having a free end and a fixed end, the male connector comprising: an inner contact with an outer diameter d2, an outer contact with an inner diameter D2, wherein a portion of the outer contact extends beyond the inner contact free end, the portion of the outer contact extending beyond the inner contact having an inner diameter D3; such that when the male connector is at least partially engaged with the female connector, the ratios of the diameters: Di / di, D2 / d2, and Ds / ds are substantially equal.

[0139] Typically, one of the outer contacts includes a tip having a variable radius, the radius increasing axially to a point of maximum radial length as the tip extends from a lower axialPHNX110006099position towards the free end, then decreasing approximately linearly as the tip continues to extend from the point of maximum radial length to the free end.

[0140] This geometry follows the characteristic impedance equation identified above, where "Z" is the impedance, and the impedance is maintained substantially constant throughout the central axis of the engaged connection.

[0141] Furthermore, the inner and outer dimensions of a dielectric spacer and the associated conductor diameters throughout the constant impedance connection region are adjusted to maintain constant impedance as the signal passes from one portion of the connection to the next over the length of the connector. For a given dielectric material, in order to maintain constant impedance, the ratio of outer diameters to inner diameters for each region must be held constant. For changing dielectric mediums, for example from one dielectric medium to another, the following equality must be maintained:log(Z>i / t / i)wheresi and 82 are the relative dielectric constants for mediums 1 and 2, respectively.

[0142] As a signal passes through each region, as long as the above equality is maintained, the signal will propagate through mediums of constant and equal impedance as it does in the coaxial cable itself. (When the dielectric constants are the same throughout, only the ratios of the diameters are needed to maintain the impedance equality.)

[0143] Unlike the standard BNC connector, the integrated BNC plug 20 of the present embodiment is capable of achieving an operational frequency range from DC to more than 50 GHz per connection.

[0144] One example of an implementation of the integrated BNC connector is in a cryogenic system, e.g., a cryostat system, where extreme environmental conditions, such as exposure to low temperatures, require a cable type in an arrangement of smaller custom housings to maximize the density of the RF lines, and facilitate rapid attachment and disconnection. Typically, in this type of connection scheme, signals must pass through a hermetic plate, and through multiple layers of thermal zones.PHNX110006099

[0145] Fig. 3 depicts an assembly view of a PkZ® multi-layered connector system 1 for a cryostat application. At the bulkhead level, cryogenic header assembly 3 connects modified BNC plug cable assemblies 2, which are depicted with one end left unterminated. The cryogenic header assembly 3 includes hermetic seals connected to the integrated BNC plug cable assemblies. Shown for illustrious purposes only, the next internal stage or stages include a cryogenic variable attenuator assembly 4, 5 with multiple attenuation chips connected to modified BNC connectors. The last stage 6 connects the cable assembly to a cryogenic printed circuit board via the modified BNC connectors.

[0146] The pass-through levels 3, 4, 5 are internal to the device, and additional connection pass-through layers may allow for zone separation under stringent temperature conditions. The input signals travel through connector system 1 via mounting and connecting blocks with cables extending therebetween.

[0147] Top header assembly 3 receives input modified or integrated BNC plug cable assemblies 2 from an external, uncontrolled or less controlled environment, such as a less controlled temperature environment. The center conductors of the cables pass through the bulkhead level in a manner that secures and maintains the hermetic seal. After traversing through top plate 3, the signals are carried via cabling through at least one additional plate 4, which may be a plate used for heat sinking and / or attenuation, and more preferably, a plurality of plates, to reduce and maintain lower temperature for cryogenic applications. Such plates act as heat sinks for thermal energy, which aid in prohibiting the thermal energy from transmitting further down the connector system. The signals are then connected via cabling to a lower housing stages downstream of the top plate 3, and which may utilize a modified constant impedance connector, such as a PkZ® connector. The signal lines then traverse to a bottom housing stage 6 through which the signal lines then progress to the internal computer electronics.

[0148] Fig. 4 depicts a cable assembly 38 of a modified or integrated BNC connector having multiple signal / power lines, including constant impedance (PkZ®) connector components for use in a cryostat upgraded system.

[0149] In a cryostat utilized for a larger device-under-test (DUT), it is desirable to have at least sixty-four (64) coaxial cable assemblies, preferably with PkZ® interconnections. A cryostat of this size is typically about ten (10) inches in diameter, with a base temperature of PHNX110006099about 2.7 K (degrees Kelvin). In such designs, there are typically at least three temperature zones that follow a hermetic bulkhead (which is generally at room temperature). The hermetic bulkhead provides for the first pass-through of modified coaxial connections on conformable or semi-rigid cables, which traverse to a first plate within the cryostat, below the hermetic bulkhead. Zone 1 is identified as the space between the hermetic bulkhead and the first plate. The temperature is reduced in Zone 1 from the room temperature hermetic bulkhead to the first plate. The first plate includes multiple banks of connector plugs on one surface and corresponding multiple banks of complementary connector receptacles on the opposite surface. In order to accommodate a 64-port connector system, space economy and environmental considerations require a design where fewer pass-through connections can be made through the bulkhead (and other lower tiered plates). The integrated BNC design of the present invention lends itself to this type of application.

[0150] In this exemplary cryostat design, Zone 2 is identified as the space between the first plate and a second plate. The temperature in Zone 2 is reduced from that of Zone 1. The semirigid cables traverse from the first plate plug banks or receptacles to the second plate, where banks of complementary plugs or receptacles receive the semi-rigid cables in further modified BNC connections.

[0151] Zone 3 is identified as the space between the second plate and the plate holding the device-under-test (DUT plate). The temperature in Zone 3 is reduced from that of Zone 2. The semi-rigid cables traverse from the second plate bank of plugs or receptacles to the DUT plate, where complementary receptacles or plugs receive the semi-rigid cables, preferably in a vertical launch configuration.

[0152] The integrated connectors of the present invention, when implemented into the aforementioned cryostat design, reduces the number of plugs and receptacles, insomuch as the connectors now house multiple pin contacts and complementary receptacle contacts.

[0153] Generally, the connector top is circular (cylindrical) with a center hole for accommodating a structural supporting segment. Four connector mounts or banks are situated around the center hole, two connector mounts or banks are opposite in a first direction, the remaining two connector mounts or banks are opposite in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. For illustrative purposes, each connector mount or bank includes a sixteen (16) port connector for a total of sixty-four (64) pass-through connections for each zone.PHNX110006099

[0154] In a preferred embodiment, a standard connector having a standardized attachment design, such as a BNC configuration, is populated with eight coaxial connections 40 on a plate or bulkhead 42. Separate mounts or banks are not necessary in this configuration, but may be employed. As depicted in Fig. 5, eight such modified, standard connectors are attached to a plate 42, preferably in a symmetric placement about center aperture 44 for integration within a system, such as a cryostat system.

[0155] The design of this connector / plate configuration can withstand temperatures as low as, and lower than, 1 K. If this arrangement is utilized for the cryostat bulkhead, that portion is designed to be hermetically sealed with hermetic connectors from the outside environment. Each multi-coaxial connector 40 accommodates, and connects to, semi-rigid, flexible, or conformable cables.

[0156] Although eight contacts are presented in the illustrative embodiment of the modified BNC connector, the number of contacts can range from two (2) to twenty (20) or even higher in similar design constructions, and may be dependent upon the geometry of the standardized connector shell or body. Fig. 6 depicts some exemplary modified or integrated BNC plug and socket patterns A-F.

[0157] As depicted in Fig. 6, Plug A has two internal socket contacts, Plug B three internal socket contacts, and Plug C has four internal socket contacts, Plug D has five internal socket contacts, Plug E has six internal socket contacts, and Plug F has seven internal socket contacts. In this embodiment, Plugs A-C integrate size 12 PkZ® pins, while Plugs D-F integrate size 16 PkZ® sockets, although sizes for pins and sockets need not be restricted.

[0158] Fig. 7 depicts an integrated BNC Plug housing 50 and -Receptacle (jack) housing 52 patterned for an eight-conductor connector. In this example, -Plug housing 50 is integrated with socket contacts 54. Jack housing 52 includes contact pins 56. If utilizing a constant impedance PkZ® design, the sockets and contact pins may be selected from a number of sizes, such as size 16 PkZ® sockets, and size 16 PkZ® contact pins.

[0159] The integration of a constant impedance (PkZ®) contact into the body of a modified, standardized connector, such as the exemplary integrated BNC connector, takes place by using a cavity in the connector housing bodies as the outer constant impedance contact body to increase density and reduce cost.PHNX110006099

[0160] Although the example used in this embodiment is of a 50-ohm modified BNC connector as the housing, this concept can be applied to many standard RF connectors in 50-ohm and 75-ohm impedances, and in cable-mount or board mount designs. Other impedance values can be achieved if needed. The constant impedance (PkZ®) contact provides the typical constant impedance blind mating benefits to this integrated concept. A hermetically-sealed version of this modified connector may also be implemented.

[0161] Notably, the present design need not always include constant impedance (PkZ®) connector designs, and may utilize standard contact pins and contact socket designs in the modified connector housings.

[0162] Fig. 8 depicts an isometric view of a mated, integrated BNC connector 60 showing eight contact (conductor) locations 62. This multiple conductor design within a standardized connector housing is unique to the present invention.

[0163] Fig. 9 depicts an isolated, cross-sectional side view (representative of a half crosssection view) of the mated, integrated BNC connector 60 of Fig. 8. As depicted in this cross-sectional view, two conductor connections are depicted in Fig. 9. Housing connector jack 66 is mated to housing connector plug 64. In this embodiment, a constant impedance (PkZ®) pin socket 68 slidably receives contact pin 70. The inner bodies 72, 74 perform the function of an outer body for the constant impedance contacts for housings 64, 66, respectively.

[0164] Fig. 10 is an isometric view of the integrated BNC plug 64 of Fig. 9, depicting eight constant impedance (PkZ®) contact sockets 68.

[0165] Fig. 11 is an exploded view of the integrated BNC plug 64 of Fig. 10, depicting the salient components that constitute a multi-coaxial integrated BNC connector, shown here with constant impedance socket contacts for illustrative purposes only; however, the contacts need not be of a constant impedance design, such as a PkZ®, and may instead be a standard socket contact.

[0166] Integrated BNC plug connector 64 includes a standard BNC coupling nut 80, followed by a gasket 82, which is preferably elastomeric. Plug inner body 72 functions as the constant impedance (PkZ®) outer body, and is preferably formed of solid metal (a solid metal construction), but other conductive material may be utilized without degradation of performance. Plug inner body 72 is shown formed of a single piece; however, a multiple piecePHNX110006099construction may also be used, and the plug inner body includes at least one, and generally more than one, cavity to receive a constant impedance (PkZ®) socket contacts. Plug inner body 72 provides an electrical ground connection for the plurality of - socket contacts 68, and includes multiple apertures 73, each for receiving a - socket contact 68 and insulator 88.

[0167] Plug inner body 72 comprises a cylindrical body having a predetermined radius and apertures 73 extended therethrough. A radial disc 75 extending outwards beyond the predetermined radius of the cylindrical body forms a shelf-like structure for seating gasket 82. Below disc 75, the lower cylindrical body of plug inner body 72 forms at least one indented ring 75 for attachment of spring washer 84 and retaining ring 86.

[0168] Spring washer 84 and retaining ring 86 secure the plug inner body 72 within the plug connector nut 80. The electrical conductor (in this embodiment, a constant impedance PkZ® conductor) is formed with pin sockets 68, each surrounded by individual insulators 88 to keep them individually isolated from the conductive plug inner body 72 upon insertion therein.

[0169] Socket Contacts 68 may be replaced with pin contacts in a reverse polarity design, where the connector jack holds the male pin contacts for a receiving plug with complementary sockets . As discussed in further detail below, the reverse polarity design effectively changes (reverses) the center contact - from socket to pin contact or vice-versa.

[0170] In this manner an electrical plug connector is formed having an outer casing or coupling nut of a standard connector design, such as BNC, Type N, TNC, SMA, and the like, adapted to receive a conductive plug inner body 72. The conductive plug inner body is encased by the outer casing, and in electrical communication with the outer casing. The plug inner body includes individual cavities, one for each of the plurality of center contacts (socket or pin contact), where each of said individual cavities circumferentially surrounds and incorporates one of the plurality of center contacts.

[0171] A plurality of individual insulators are introduced, wherein each individual insulator is circumferentially encased within the individual cavities of the plug inner body, providing electrical separation for each of the plurality of center contacts to the conductive plug inner body.PHNX110006099

[0172] This electrical connector is adaptable for cable-mount or board mount designs. Although not limited to any particular count, the plurality of center contacts are preferably in a range from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing.

[0173] Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the integrated BNC plug connector of Figs. 10 and 11, showing the plug inner body 72 circumferentially surrounding each representative contact 68 and insulator 88, where the contact is a constant impedance contact (PkZ®).

[0174] A perspective view of an integrated BNC jack connector 90 is shown in Fig. 13A, which is complementary to the integrated plug BNC connector of Figs. 10 and 11. Socket Contacts 68 are replaced with pin contacts 94. Fig. 13B depicts a cross-sectional view of the integrated BNC receptacle or jack connector of Fig. 13A.

[0175] Fig. 13C depicts an exploded view of an integrated BNC connector 90, which for exemplary purposes is shown having jack connector outer body. In this configuration, the outer body 92 generally functions as a constant impedance (PkZ®) connector outer body. The outer body 92 houses pin center contacts 94. In this embodiment, the electrical isolation of the center contacts 94 is achieved by individual insulators 96. Individual outer contacts 98 each receive a pin center contact 94, and form a ground connection to the connector outer body 92.

[0176] As depicted in Fig. 13C, an electrical receptacle or jack connector comprises a conductive outer casing 92, which may be ground potential, and houses a plurality of center pin contacts 94. A plurality of insulators 96 are encased by the conductive outer casing, each of the plurality of insulators 96 having an aperture 97 to receive one of the plurality of center pin contacts, where each aperture 97 circumferentially surrounds and incorporates one of the plurality of center pin contacts 94, forming electrical separation for each of the plurality of center pin contacts from one another and from the conductive outer casing 92.

[0177] Associated with each center pin contact 94 is an individual outer contact 98, which is electrically isolated from the center pin contact, and in electrical communication with, and of the same potential as, the outer casing 92.

[0178] In this embodiment, the multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector includes a conductive outer casing, a plurality of pin contacts, a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of the pin contacts, with the outer contacts being in electrical communication with the conductive outer casing, and a plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavityPHNX110006099therethrough, wherein each individual insulator slidably receives one of the pin contacts, wherein each of the individual insulators provides electrical separation for each pin contact from the conductive outer casing and the conductive outer contacts. The outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for said plurality of pin contacts.

[0179] Alternatively, a reverse-polarity configuration is shown in Fig. 14, depicting a plug BNC coupling nut 101 encompassing outer contacts 103 that correspond to individual insulators 105, and house respective pin center contacts 107 within a conductive plug inner body 109. The components are secured within coupling nut 101 by a locking spring 111. In these embodiments, the plug connector and jack connector may have reverse polarity contact configurations (socket contacts or pin contacts).

[0180] In this reverse polarity configuration, the multi-coaxial electrical plug connector is shown with a conductive outer casing or coupling nut, a plurality of pin contacts, and a conductive plug inner body that is slidably inserted within and encased by the outer casing, where the conductive plug inner body includes individual cavities, one for each of the plurality of pin contacts, each of said individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of said plurality of pin contacts. A plurality of individual insulators is provided, wherein each individual insulator of is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within the individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, and each of the individual insulators includes a cavity for receiving one of the pin contacts in order to provide electrical separation for each of the plurality of pin contacts to the conductive plug inner body.

[0181] A plurality of conductive outer contacts form the outer ground component for each pin contact, each outer contact corresponding to one of the individual insulators and one of the pin contacts, wherein each of the outer contacts is electrically isolated from each of the pin contacts and is in electrical communication with the conductive plug inner body.

[0182] The integrated BNC connector body may form a PCB mount 93 for attachment to a printed circuit board, where the mounting structure includes legs 95 extending into the PC board. An isometric view of a PCB mount outer body is depicted in Fig. 15 A.

[0183] A cross-section of a mated, constant impedance, integrated BNC connector assembly configured for a PC board mount is depicted in Fig. 15B.PHNX110006099

[0184] In an alternative embodiment, the solid, one-piece plug inner body may be replaced with a multiple piece construction. In this manner, the integrated plug inner body is substituted with multiple components forming the same function as the solid plug inner body, and in the same manner. An exemplary embodiment of this substitution is shown in Fig. 16.

[0185] Fig. 16 is an exploded view of an alternative integrated BNC plug 100, depicting the salient components that constitute a multi-coaxial BNC connector with constant impedance (PkZ®) pin sockets (shown for exemplary purposes). Integrated BNC plug 100 includes a standard BNC coupling nut 80, followed by a gasket 82, which is preferably elastomeric. In contrast to the plug inner body 72 of integrated BNC plug 64 of Fig. 11, integrated BNC plug 100 incorporates a hollow plug inner body 102 that receives a tube holding shell 104 that has cylindrical cavities 106 configured to receive individual conductive (metal) tubes 108 that function as a constant impedance connector (PkZ®) outer body for each constant impedance connector socket contact. The constant impedance (PkZ®) outer body / conductive metal tubes 108 are isolated from pin sockets 68 by insulators 88. The metal tubes 108 are preferably formed of solid metal, but other conductive material may be utilized.

[0186] Spring washer 84 and retaining ring 86 secure the hollow plug inner body 102, the individual metal tubes 108, and the PkZ® pin sockets 68 within plug 100.

[0187] In this embodiment, the multi-coaxial electrical plug connector has an outer casing or coupling nut, a conductive plug body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter, a conductive cylindrical holding shell having a plurality of cavities therethrough, the holding shell having an outer diameter less than said inner diameter of the plug body, such that the holding shell is slidably insertable within the plug body, a plurality of conductive tubes, each being slidably insertable within one of the cavities of the holding shell, a plurality of center socket contacts, and a plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator receives one of the center socket contacts and is circumferentially encased within one of the conductive tubes, providing electrical separation for each of the center socket contacts to said conductive tubes.

[0188] Figs. 17A and 17B depict front and rear views of the integrated BNC plug 100 of the exemplary alternative embodiment, respectively. Tube holding shell 104 is shown receiving individual conductive tubes 108, insulators 88, and socket contacts 68.PHNX110006099

[0189] Fig. 18 depicts an exploded view of an alternative integrated BNC the complementary integrated BNC receptacle (jack) 110 to the integrated BNC plug 100.

[0190] Receptacle or jack outer housing body 122 receives a housing inner shell 118 that includes a plurality of apertures or cavities configured for receiving individual insulators 114 and contact pins 116. Insulators 114 are designed to receive individual contact pins 116 and isolate the contact pins 116 from the housing inner shell return or ground. Housing inner shell 118 is a cylindrical shell with cavities 120 to receive the outer contact / insulator / pin subassembly collectively. Outer contacts 112 are isolated from the contact pins 116 by insulators 114, respectively. The hollow receptacle outer body 122 receives the aforementioned components to form the complementary receptacle connector to the modified BNC connector ofFig. 16.

[0191] In this embodiment, the multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector includes a conductive outer casing, a plurality of pin contacts, a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of the pin contacts, with the outer contacts in electrical communication with the conductive outer casing, a plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator cavity slidably receives one of the pin contacts, wherein each of the individual insulators provides electrical separation for each of the pin contacts from the conductive outer casing and said conductive outer contacts, and a cylindrical housing inner shell having cavities therethrough to receive a subassembly of each of the outer contacts, individual insulators, and pin contacts, such that each of the conductive outer contacts are isolated from each of the pin contacts by said individual insulators.

[0192] Fig. 19 depicts a cross-sectional view of the integrated BNC receptacle or jack of the exemplary alternative embodiment ofFig. 18. Receptacle outer body 122 encompasses housing shell 118, having cylindrical cavities to house outer ground contacts 112. These outer contacts are isolated from the constant impedance (PkZ®) contact pins 116 by insulators 114. The outer contacts 112 configuration may be in electrical communication with the receptacle outer body 122.

[0193] Other BNC housing configurations can be adapted to the integrated BNC versions disclosed above. For example, as previously discussed, Fig. 15 depicts the perspective view of an integrated BNC receptacle jack connector 93 with mounting struts or legs 95.PHNX110006099

[0194] Fig. 20 is an exploded view of the integrated BNC receptacle jack connector of Fig.15. For a constant impedance connector, the receptacle body 134 as depicted functions as the constant impedance connector (PkZ®) outer body. Pin center contacts 136, insulators 138, and outer contacts 140 function in a similar manner as their representative components in the embodiment of Fig. 15A.

[0195] The aforementioned designs for an integrated BNC connector can also be applied to standard (non-PkZ®) contact integration without a constant impedance, PkZ®, configuration (hereinafter, "modified BNC connector"). In these designs, the receptacle body is a cylindrical housing with cylindrical cavities that are formed to receive insulators around center contacts. Fig. 21 A depicts a perspective view of a modified BNC plug connector 200 for standard (non-PkZ®) contact configurations. Fig. 2 IB depicts a cross-sectional view of the modified BNC plug connector 200 of Fig. 21 A.

[0196] An exploded view of this configuration in Fig. 22 shows the plug inner body 202 having the cylindrical cavities 204 to receive the insulators 206 and socket center contacts 208, all secured within the plug coupling nut 210. (For exemplary purposes, Fig. 14 depicts a four (4) coaxial connector plug that is a reverse polarity configuration of the eight (8) coaxial connector plug of Fig. 22.)

[0197] Similarly, the receptacle jack connector that is complementary to the plug of Figs. 21 and 22 is shown with eight pin center contacts 222 in eight insulators 224 that are housed in the modified BNC receptacle body 220. Fig. 23 depicts a perspective view of the modified receptacle jack connector 220 that mates with the plug connector of Fig. 21 A.

[0198] Fig. 24 A is an exploded view of the jack connector of Fig. 23. Eight pin center contacts 222 are isolated in individual insulators 224 that are secured in the BNC receptacle body 220. The outer receptacle jack body 220 provides for ground contact for the signal lines of the pin center contacts 222. Fig. 24B depicts an exploded view of a reverse polarity jack connector of a four-contact configuration in contrast to the embodiment of Fig. 24A. Jack connector 225 houses insulators 227 and socket pin contacts 229. Fig. 24C depicts the jack connector 221 of Figs. 23 and 24A configured for a PC board mount 223.

[0199] In this embodiment, the multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector includes a conductive outer casing or coupling nut, a plurality of center socket contacts, and a plurality ofPHNX110006099individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator slidably receives one of the center socket contacts, wherein each of the individual insulators provides electrical separation for each center socket contact from the conductive outer casing or coupling nut.

[0200] Fig. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the modified BNC receptacle connector of Fig.23. As shown, the BNC inner receptacle body 228 acts as the standard contact's (non-PkZ®) outer body.

[0201] Fig. 26A is an isometric, perspective view of a mated, modified BNC connector plug and receptacle of Figs. 21 A and 24C. Fig. 26B is a cross-sectional view of the mated, modified BNC connector plug and receptacle of Fig. 26A.

[0202] In addition to the above embodiments, utilizing the aforementioned connector designs, it is possible to incorporate power contacts into standard connections. This is a unique kind of integration where a singular to multiple power contacts may reside in a modified, potentially larger, external connector body. In this way, multiple power connections are possible within a limited area. This also paves way for utilizing standard BNC, TNC, N-Type, and SMA connections as plug-in and plug-out power connections. This is a novel approach for such connectors, which can now enter into power concepts dealing with current.

[0203] Fig. 27A depicts an isometric view of a single modified BNC power plug connector 300, forming one power connection, utilizing a BNC plug coupling nut. Fig. 27B is an exploded view of the single power plug connector of Fig. 27 A.

[0204] In this embodiment, a BNC coupling nut 302 receives a plug inner body 304 that is typically at the same electrical potential as the coupling nut. Plug inner body 304 is internally a hollow cylindrical shell that is designed to receive an insulating cylindrical shell 306. In this illustrious embodiment, the insulating cylindrical shell 306 receives a socket power contact 308, which may include a clip ring 310 for attachment purposes. The insulating cylinder 306 and socket power contact 308 are slidably inserted within plug inner body 304, and retained therein in part by a retaining ring 312 and spring washer 314. Fig. 27C depicts a cross-sectional view of the single power plug connector 300, delineating the assembly of its constituent components.PHNX110006099

[0205] The internal cavity of insulating cylindrical shell 306 has multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including an indented region 303a (larger internal diameter) for receiving and "locking in" retaining clip ring 310, and an extended region 303b (smaller internal diameter) for positioning socket power contact 308 in place. The outer surface of socket power contact 308 has a circumferential indent 307 for holding clip ring 310, and an extended diameter portion 309 that interfaces with extended region 303b.

[0206] An isomeric view of the complementary receptacle or jack connector 320 to the plug connector of Fig. 27A is depicted in Fig. 28A. Fig. 28B is an exploded view of the complementary jack connector 320 of Fig. 28A. Jack connector 320 includes a receptacle body 322, an annular cylindrical insulator shell 324, and a power contact pin 326, preferably with clip rings formations 328.

[0207] Fig. 28C depicts a cross-sectional view of the complementary receptacle or jack connector 320 of Fig. 28 A delineating the assembly of its constituent components. The inside surface of annular cylindrical insulator 324 is configured (shaped) to receive the retaining clip ring 328 of power contact pin 326. The internal cavity of insulator 324 has multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including an indented region 325a (larger diameter) for receiving and "locking in" retaining clip ring 328, and an extended region 325b (internally smaller diameter) for positioning power contact pin 326 in place. The outer surface of power contact pin 326 has a circumferential indent 327 for holding clip ring 328, and an extended diameter portion 329 that interfaces with extended region 325b.

[0208] An advantage of the present invention is the capability of accommodating a plurality of contacts in a single "standardized" connector. In a similar fashion to the power contact embodiment described above, a three-power connector may be fabricated within a standard connector shell, such as a BNC connector shell. Fig. 29A depicts an isometric view of a mated, modified BNC power connector 330 with three power conductor ports 332.

[0209] Fig. 29B depicts an isometric view of a modified BNC plug connector 330 with the tri-power conductor ports 332 configuration identified in Fig. 29A. Fig. 29C is an exploded view of the modified BNC plug connector 330. A BNC plug coupling nut 334 houses a plug inner body 336, an insulating cylindrical shell 338 having three cavities 340 extending therethrough, and three power socket contacts 342. Each power socket contact 342 is inserted and retained within a cavity 340 of the insulating cylindrical shell 338. Spring washer 344 and PHNX110006099retaining spring 346 secure the subassembly within the BNC coupling nut 334. Fig. 29D is a selected cross-sectional view of the modified BNC plug connector 330 of Fig. 29B depicting a cross section of one of the power socket contacts 342.

[0210] In this embodiment, the electrical plug for a power conductor comprises a conductive outer casing or coupling nut, at least one socket power contact, and preferably three socket power contacts, a conductive plug inner body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter, the plug inner body slidably insertable within and encased by the outer casing or coupling nut, the conductive plug inner body including at least one cavity, and preferably thee cavities, where the cavity surrounds and incorporates the socket power contact, and an insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within the hollow interior of the conductive plug inner body, the insulating cylindrical shell having a cavity(ies) for receiving the socket power contact(s).

[0211] Fig. 30A depicts an isometric view of the complementary power jack connector 350 for the plug connector of Fig. 29B. Fig. 30B is an exploded view of the power jack connector 350 of Fig. 30A. BNC jack coupling nut 352 houses an insulating cylinder 354 having three cavities 356 extending therethrough, and three power pin contacts 358. Each power pin contact 358 is inserted and retained within a cavity 356 of the insulating cylinder 354. Clip rings on each power pin contact secure each power pin contact within its respective insulating cylinder aperture. Fig. 30C is a selected cross-sectional view of the power jack connector of Fig. 30A depicting the cross section of one of the power pin contacts 358 with a second power pin contact appearing adjacent but further away.

[0212] In this embodiment, the electrical receptacle for a power conductor includes a conductive outer casing having a hollow interior, at least one power pin contact, and an insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within the hollow interior of the conductive outer casing, the insulating cylindrical shell having at least one cavity for receiving the power pin contact, and the cavity having a formed interior sidewall for receiving the one power pin contact.

[0213] The modified BNC power connectors delineated above may also be adapted to include signal connections in the same connector. Fig. 31A depicts an isometric view of a modified BNC power / signal plug connector 400 having three ports adapted for signals 402a, b and power 404 connections. In this embodiment, power contact 404 is located adjacent two signal contacts (RF contacts) 402a, b, where the RF contacts may further comprise constant PHNX110006099impedance (PkZ®) contacts. Fig. 3 IB is an exploded view of the modified BNC power / signal plug connector of Fig. 31 A. BNC coupling nut 406 encompasses plug inner body 408 having an internal cylindrical shell design, and a cylindrical insulator 410 having three cavities 412 for receiving a power (socket) contact 414 and two constant impedance RF socket contacts 416a,b.

[0214] Fig. 31C is a selected cross-sectional view of the modified power / signal plug connector of Fig. 31A depicting power socket contact 414. Fig. 3 ID depicts a selected cross-sectional view of the modified power / signal plug connector of Fig. 31A emphasizing the two RF socket contacts 416a,b.

[0215] In this embodiment, the electrical plug for a power conductor includes a conductive outer casing or coupling nut, at least one socket power contact and at least one signal socket contact, a conductive plug inner body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter, the plug inner body slidably insertable within and encased by the outer casing or coupling nut, the conductive plug inner body including a cylindrical cavity for receiving an insulating cylindrical shell, with the insulating cylindrical shell being slidably insertable within a hollow interior of the conductive plug inner body, and having at least one cavity for receiving the at least one socket power contact, and at least one cavity for receiving the at least one signal socket contact.

[0216] Fig. 32A depicts an isometric view of the modified BNC jack power / signal connector 420 that is complementary to the power / signal plug connector 400 of Fig. 31 A. Fig. 32B is an exploded view of the modified jack power / signal connector 420 of Fig. 32A. Cylindrical insulator 424 is slidably insertable within the jack body 422. Cylindrical insulator 424 includes three cavities 426a, b,c for receiving three separate contacts, herein represented by one power pin contact 428 and two constant impedance pin contacts 430a, b. Fig. 32C depicts a selected side cross-sectional view of the modified jack power / signal connector 420 of Fig. 32A emphasizing the power contact 428. Fig. 32D depicts a selected side cross-sectional view of the modified jack power / signal connector 420 of Fig. 32A emphasizing the two RF pin contacts 430a,b.

[0217] The utilization of the modified power / signal connector scheme allows for diverse applications where efficiency of space and quick interconnection is desirable. This composite power / signal connector design allows a user to incorporate connectors in a much smaller footprint across several applications.PHNX110006099

[0218] In this embodiment, the electrical receptacle for a power conductor includes a conductive outer casing having a hollow interior, at least one power pin contact and at least one signal pin contact, an insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within said hollow interior of said conductive outer casing, the insulating cylindrical shell having at least one cavity for receiving the at least one power pin contact, and the at least one cavity for receiving the at least one signal pin contact.

[0219] As previously noted above, the modified and / or integrated standardized connectors of the present invention, such as for example a modified or integrated BNC connector, may be applied to cryogenic systems for quantum computing applications. As depicted in Fig. 3, the cable assembly constitutes a set of tiered connections. Fig. 33A depicts a front view of integrated or modified BNC connectors 432 on a cryogenic header assembly 430 as may be utilized as shown in Fig. 3.

[0220] Fig. 33B depicts a rear view of the integrated or modified BNC connectors 432 on the cryogenic header assembly 430 of Fig. 32A. Fig. 33C is a side view of the cryogenic header of Fig. 33 A and 33B, depicting both front and back side connections. In this embodiment, multiple integrated or modified BNC connectors are populated on the header assembly, with each integrated or modified BNC connector having a plurality of contacts, here, for exemplary purposes, depicting 8 conductors or contacts per connector.

[0221] Fig. 33D is an isometric view of the cryogenic header assembly 430 of Fig. 33C. Fig.33E is an exploded view of the cryogenic header assembly. A first connector holder plate "A" 440 includes a center aperture 441 that extends through the entire header assembly 430, and multiple surrounding apertures 443, placed in predetermined locations, for receiving integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 442, each having respective conductor contacts. Hermetic seals 444 are introduced at the cryogenic header plate 446 to maintain hermetic isolation from one side of the plate to the other. Adjoining integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 448 are depicted on the other side of the cryogenic header plate 446, having complementary conductor contacts for mating with the conductors of the integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 442. A second connector holder plate "B" 450 having multiple receiving apertures 452 for securing the integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 448. Multiple screws and bolts 454 are used to complete the cryogenic header assembly. This embodiment describes using integrated or modified BNC jack connectors; however, it is also possible to use thePHNX110006099complementary integrated or modified BNC plug connectors in lieu of the jack connectors, and the present invention does not limit this cryogenic application to a single directional connection.

[0222] A front view of a cryogenic variable attenuator assembly 460 incorporating integrated or modified connectors 462, such as integrated or modified BNC connectors, is depicted in Fig.34A. Fig. 34B depicts a rear view of the integrated or modified BNC connectors 462 on the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly 460 of Fig. 34A. Fig. 34C is a side view of the cryogenic header of Fig. 34A and 34B. In this embodiment, multiple integrated or modified BNC connectors are populated on the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly 460, with each integrated or modified BNC connector 462 having a plurality of contacts, depicting 8 conductors or contacts per connector (see Fig. 34B).

[0223] Fig. 34D is an exploded view of the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly 460. A first connector holder plate "A" 470 includes a center aperture 471 and multiple surrounding apertures 473 for receiving integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 472, each having respective conductor contacts. A first connector housing plate "A" 474 includes apertures for receiving the integrated or modified BNC j ack connectors 472. A cryogenic variable attenuator plate 476 is situated between the connector housing plate "A" 474 and the connector housing plate "B" 478. Adjoining integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 480 are depicted on the opposite side of the cryogenic header plate 478, having complementary conductor contacts for mating with the conductor contacts of the integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 472. A second connector holder plate "B" 482 helps secure the assembly using screws and bolts 484.

[0224] Fig. 34E is a partially exploded top rotated view of the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly 460 of Fig. 34A with the integrated or modified BNC connectors inserted in the apertures of the first connector housing plate "A" 474. Fig. 34F is a partially exploded bottom rotated view of the cryogenic variable attenuator assembly 460 of Fig. 34A showing the integrated or modified BNC connectors inserted in the apertures of the second connector housing plate "B" 482.

[0225] Fig. 34G is an exploded view of the variable attenuator assembly plate 476, including attenuator blocks with variable attenuator chips 484 for insertion within cavities or apertures 486 in the variable attenuator assemble plate. Each attenuator block chip 484 is in electricalPHNX110006099communication with a signal from a conductor of an integrated or modified BNC jack connector.

[0226] Fig. 34H depicts an isometric view of the printed circuit board plate assembly 490 of the cryogenic assembly with integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 492. Fig. 34J is an exploded view of the printed circuit board plate assembly 490 of Fig. 34H, depicting a printed circuit board 494 having signal connections with vias 496 for connection with the integrated or modified BNC jack connectors 492.

[0227] In this illustrative embodiment of a cryogenic system using the integrated or modified standard connectors (shown as BNC in this embodiment), connecting cabling is required to connect each stage of the cryogenic system. Essentially, as shown in Fig. 35, the complementary mating plugs 500 for the integrated or modified BNC jack connectors at each stage terminate a cable harness assembly 502. Fig. 35 depicts an isometric view of cable assembly 502 having a cable harness 504 terminated at each end by an integrated or modified BNC plug connector 500. Multiple cable harness assemblies are constructed for utilization within the cryogenic system. In this embodiment, each cable harness assembly accommodates the conductor connections for all eight conductors within each integrated or modified BNC connector.

[0228] While the present invention has been particularly described, in conjunction with a specific preferred embodiment, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will embrace any such alternatives, modifications and variations as falling within the true scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0229] Thus, having described the invention, what is claimed is:PHNX110006099

Claims

Claims1. A multi-coaxial electrical plug connector comprising:a conductive outer casing or coupling nut;a plurality of center socket contacts;a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by said outer casing, said conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of said plurality of center socket contacts, each of said individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of said plurality of center socket contacts; anda plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of said plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within said individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of said plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of said plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of said plurality of center socket contacts to said conductive plug inner body.

2. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein said individual cavities of said conductive plug inner body are cylindrical and receive one of said plurality of individual insulators.

3. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein each of said cavities of said plurality of individual insulators are cylindrical and receive one of said plurality of center socket contacts.

4. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein said conductive plug inner body is in electrical communication with said outer casing or coupling nut.

5. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein said conductive plug inner body is a solid metal construction.PHNX1100060996. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein said conductive plug inner body provides an electrical ground reference for said plurality of center socket contacts.

7. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein said outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug connector.

8. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein one of said plurality of center socket contacts in conjunction with one of said plurality of individual insulators forms a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection using a cavity in said conductive plug inner body as an outer contact body for said constant impedance connection.

9. The electrical plug connector of claim 7 configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm or 75 -ohm impedances.

10. The electrical plug connector of claim 9 having said outer casing or coupling nut configured for cable-mount or board-mount designs.

11. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 wherein said plurality of center socket contacts range in number from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing or coupling nut.

12. The electrical plug connector of claim 1 including a gasket located between said conductive plug inner body and said outer casing or coupling nut.

13. The electrical connector of claim 12 wherein said gasket comprises an elastomeric material.

14. A multi-coaxial electrical plug connector comprising:a conductive outer casing or coupling nut;a plurality of pin contacts;PHNX110006099a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by said outer casing, said conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of said plurality of pin contacts, each of said individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of said plurality of pin contacts;a plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of said plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within said individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of said plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of said plurality of pin contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of said plurality of pin contacts to said conductive plug inner body; anda plurality of conductive outer contacts, each corresponding to one of said plurality of individual insulators, wherein each of said plurality of outer contacts is electrically isolated from each of said plurality of pin contacts, and is in electrical communication with said conductive plug inner body.

15. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein said individual cavities of said conductive plug inner body are cylindrical and receive one of said plurality of individual insulators.

16. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein each of said cavities of said plurality of individual insulators are cylindrical and receive one of said plurality of pin contacts.

17. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein said conductive plug inner body is in electrical communication with said outer casing or coupling nut.

18. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein said conductive plug inner body is a solid metal construction.

19. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein said conductive plug inner body provides an electrical ground reference for said plurality of pin contacts.PHNX11000609920. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein said outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug connector.

21. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein one of said plurality of pin contacts in conjunction with one of said plurality of individual insulators and one of said plurality of outer contacts forms a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection using a cavity in said conductive plug inner body as an outer body for said constant impedance connection.

22. The electrical plug connector of claim 20 configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm or 75 -ohm impedances.

23. The electrical plug connector of claim 22 having said outer casing or coupling nut configured for cable-mount or board-mount designs.

24. The electrical plug connector of claim 14 wherein said plurality of pin contacts range in number from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing or coupling nut.

25. A multi -coaxial electrical receptacle connector comprising:a conductive outer casing;a plurality of pin contacts;a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of said plurality of pin contacts, wherein each individual outer contact is in mechanical and electrical communication with said conductive outer casing; anda plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulators slidably receives one of said plurality of pin contacts, wherein each of said individual insulators provides electrical separation for each of said plurality of pin contacts from said conductive outer casing and said conductive outer contacts;PHNX110006099wherein said outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for said plurality of pin contacts.

26. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 25 wherein each of said plurality of conductive outer contacts is a solid metal construction.

27. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 25 wherein said conductive outer casing and said plurality of conductive outer contacts provide an electrical ground connection for said plurality of pin contacts.

28. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 25 wherein said receptacle connector is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), receptacle connector.

29. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 25 wherein one of said plurality of pin contacts in conjunction with one of said plurality of individual insulators and one of said plurality of outer contacts forms a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection, wherein each of said plurality of conductive outer contacts forms an electrical ground or signal return for said constant impedance connection.

30. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 25 configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm and 75 -ohm impedances.

31. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 29 adapted for cable-mount or board mount designs.

32. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 25 wherein an amount of said plurality of pin contacts range from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing.

33. A multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector comprising:a conductive outer casing;PHNX110006099a plurality of center socket contacts; anda plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator slidably receives one of said plurality of center socket contacts, wherein each of said individual insulators provides electrical separation for each of said plurality of center socket contacts from said conductive outer casing.

34. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 33 wherein said conductive outer casing provides an electrical ground connection for said plurality of center socket contacts.

35. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 33 wherein said outer casing is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), receptacle connector.

36. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 33 wherein one of said plurality of center socket contacts in conjunction with one of said plurality of individual insulators and said conductive outer casing form a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection, wherein said outer casing forms an electrical ground or signal return for said constant impedance connection.

37. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 33 configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm and 75 -ohm impedances.

38. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 35 adapted for cable-mount or board mount designs.

39. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 33 wherein an amount of said plurality of center socket contacts range from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing.

40. A multi-coaxial electrical plug connector comprising:an outer casing or coupling nut;PHNX110006099a conductive plug body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter;a conductive cylindrical holding shell having a plurality of cavities therethrough, said holding shell having an outer diameter less than said inner diameter of said plug body, such that said holding shell is slidably insertable within said plug body;a plurality of conductive tubes, each of said plurality of conductive tubes being slidably insertable within one of said plurality of cavities of said holding shell;a plurality of center socket contacts; anda plurality of individual insulators, wherein each of said plurality of individual insulators receives one of said plurality of center socket contacts and is circumferentially encased within one of said plurality of conductive tubes, providing electrical separation for each of said plurality of center socket contacts to said conductive tubes.

41. The electrical plug connector of claim 40 wherein said conductive plug inner body is in electrical communication with said outer casing or coupling nut.

42. The electrical plug connector of claim 40 wherein said conductive plug inner body is a solid metal construction.

43. The electrical plug connector of claim 40 wherein said conductive plug inner body provides an electrical ground reference for said plurality of center socket contacts.

44. The electrical plug connector of claim 40 wherein said outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug connector.

45. The electrical plug connector of claim 40 wherein one of said plurality of center socket contacts in conjunction with one of said plurality of individual insulators forms a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.PHNX11000609946. The electrical plug connector of claim 40 configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm or 75 -ohm impedances.

47. The electrical plug connector of claim 45 having said outer casing or coupling nut configured for cable-mount or board-mount designs.

48. The electrical plug connector of claim 40 wherein said plurality of center socket contacts range in number from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing or coupling nut.

49. A multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector comprising:a conductive outer casing;a plurality of pin contacts;a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of said plurality of pin contacts, said outer contacts in electrical communication with said conductive outer casing;a plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator cavity slidably receives one of said plurality of pin contacts, wherein each of said individual insulators provides electrical separation for each of said plurality of pin contacts from said conductive outer casing and said conductive outer contacts; anda cylindrical housing inner shell having cavities therethrough to receive a subassembly of each of said outer contacts, individual insulators, and pin contacts, such that each of said plurality of conductive outer contacts are isolated from each of said plurality of pin contacts by said individual insulators.

50. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 49 wherein each of said plurality of conductive outer contacts provides an electrical ground reference for said plurality of center socket contacts.

51. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 49 wherein said outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (BayonetPHNX110006099Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug connector.

52. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 49 wherein one of said plurality of pin contacts in conjunction with one of said plurality of individual insulators forms a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

53. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 49 configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm or 75-ohm impedances.

54. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 49 having said outer casing configured for cable-mount or board-mount designs.

55. The electrical receptacle connector of claim 49 wherein said plurality of pin contacts range in number from two (2) to twenty (20) in a single outer casing.

56. An electrical plug for a power conductor comprising:a conductive outer casing or coupling nut;at least one socket power contact;a conductive plug inner body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter, said plug inner body slidably insertable within and encased by said outer casing or coupling nut, said conductive plug inner body comprising at least one cavity; andan insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within said interior of said conductive plug inner body, said insulating cylindrical shell having at least one cavity for receiving said at least one socket power contact, said at least one cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including an indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning said at least one socket power contact in place;PHNX110006099wherein each of said at least one socket power contact includes an outer surface with a circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding said clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with an extended region of said insulated cylindrical shell.

57. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 56 wherein said conductive plug inner body is in electrical communication with said conductive outer casing or coupling nut.

58. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 56 wherein said outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug connector.

59. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 56 wherein said at least one socket power contact in conjunction with said insulating cylindrical shell forms a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection using said hollow interior of said conductive plug inner body as an outer contact body for said constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

60. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 58 having said outer casing or coupling nut configured for cable-mount or board-mount designs.

61. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 56 wherein said at least one socket power contact comprises three (3) socket power contacts.

62. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 61 wherein said at least one cavity of said insulating cylindrical shell comprises three (3) cavities, one for each of said socket power contacts.

63. An electrical receptacle for a power conductor comprising:a conductive outer casing or coupling nut having a hollow interior;at least one power pin contact; andPHNX110006099an insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within said hollow interior of said conductive outer casing or coupling nut, said insulating cylindrical shell having at least one cavity for receiving said at least one power pin contact, said at least one cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including an indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning said at least one power pin contact in place;wherein each of said at least one power pin contact includes an outer surface with a circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding said retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with an extended region of said insulated cylindrical shell.

64. The electrical receptacle for a power conductor of claim 64 wherein said conductive outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to aBNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), receptacle connector.

65. The electrical receptacle for a power conductor of claim 63 wherein said at least one power pin contact comprises three (3) power pin contacts.

66. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 65 wherein said at least one cavity of said insulating cylindrical shell comprises three (3) cavities, one for each of said power pin contacts.

67. An electrical plug for a power conductor comprising:a conductive outer casing or coupling nut;at least one socket power contact and at least one signal socket contact;a conductive plug inner body having a hollow interior and an inner diameter, said plug inner body slidably insertable within and encased by said outer casing or coupling nut, saidPHNX110006099conductive plug inner body comprising a cylindrical cavity for receiving an insulating cylindrical shell; andsaid insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within said interior of said conductive plug inner body, said insulating cylindrical shell including:at least one first cavity for receiving said at least one socket power contact, said at least one first cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a first indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a first retaining clip ring, and a first extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning said at least one socket power contact in place;wherein each of said at least one socket power contact includes an outer surface with a first circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding said first retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with said first extended region of said insulated cylindrical shell; andat least one second cavity for receiving said at least one signal socket contact, said at least one second cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a second indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a second retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning said at least one signal socket contact in place;wherein each of said at least one signal socket contact includes an outer surface with a second circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding said second retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with said second extended region of said insulated cylindrical shell.

68. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 67 wherein said conductive plug inner body is in electrical communication with said conductive outer casing or coupling nut.PHNX11000609969. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 67 wherein said outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug connector.

70. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 67 having said outer casing or coupling nut configured for cable-mount or board-mount designs.

71. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 67 wherein said at least one signal socket contact comprises three (3) signal socket contacts.

72. The electrical plug for a power conductor of claim 67 wherein said at least one cavity of said insulating cylindrical shell comprises three (3) cavities, one for each of said signal socket contacts.

73. An electrical receptacle for a power conductor comprising:a conductive outer casing having a hollow interior;at least one power pin contact and at least one signal pin contact; andsaid insulating cylindrical shell, slidably insertable within said interior of said conductive plug inner body, said insulating cylindrical shell including:at least one first cavity for receiving said at least one power pin contact, said at least one first cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a first indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a first retaining clip ring, and a first extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning said at least one power pin contact in place; wherein each of said at least one power pin contact includes an outer surface with a first circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding said first retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with said first extended region of said insulated cylindrical shell; andPHNX110006099at least one second cavity for receiving said at least one signal pin contact, said at least one second cavity including multiple widths of different diameters that form stepped diameter patterns including a second indented region representing a larger internal diameter for receiving and securing a second retaining clip ring, and an extended region representing a smaller internal diameter for positioning said at least one signal pin contact in place;wherein each of said at least one signal pin contact includes an outer surface with a second circumferential indent representing a smaller external diameter for holding said second retaining clip ring, and an extended diameter portion representing a larger external diameter that interfaces with said second extended region of said insulated cylindrical shell.

74. The electrical receptacle for a power conductor of claim 73 wherein said conductive outer casing or coupling nut is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to aBNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), receptacle connector.

75. The electrical receptacle for a power conductor of claim 73 wherein said at least one signal pin contact comprises three (3) signal pin contacts.

76. The electrical receptacle for a power conductor of claim 73 wherein said at least one cavity of said insulating cylindrical shell comprises three (3) cavities, one for said power pin contact and one for each of said at least one signal pin contact.

77. A connection system for a computer for transmitting signal cables through tiered stages, comprising:a plurality of first signal cables having a multi-coaxial electrical plug connector including:a first conductive outer casing or coupling nut;a plurality of center socket contacts;PHNX110006099a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by said outer casing, said conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of said plurality of center socket contacts, each of said individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of said plurality of center socket contacts; anda first plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of said first plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within said individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of said first plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of said plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of said plurality of center socket contacts to said conductive plug inner body;a first connector housing for securing each of said plurality of first signal cables;a hermetic header housing mounted to a first plate, having first and second sides, said hermetic header housing having multi -coaxial electrical receptacle connectors mounted on said first side, and hermetic seals located between each of said hermetic header housing electrical receptacle connectors on said first and second sides for hermetically sealing center conductors passing therethrough, wherein said hermetic header housing connectors on said first side are complementary connectors to said electrical plug connector of said plurality of first signal cables, such that said first connector housing is in a cable connection with said hermetic header housing on said first side; wherein said electrical receptacle connectors include:a second conductive outer casing;a plurality of pin contacts;a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of said plurality of pin contacts, wherein each individual outer contact is in mechanical and electrical communication with one of said plurality of pin contacts, said outer contacts in electrical communication with said second conductive outer casing; and a second plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each of said second plurality of individual insulators slidably receives one of said plurality of pin contacts, such that electrical separation is achieved for each of said PHNX110006099plurality of pin contacts from said second conductive outer casing and said conductive outer contacts;wherein said second outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for said plurality of pin contacts; anda second connector housing having a plurality of second signal cables, each of said plurality of second signal cables having said electrical receptacle connector, wherein said second connector housing plurality of second signal cable connectors are complementary connectors to said hermetic header housing connectors on said second side.

78. The connection system of claim 77 including:a lower housing stage having an upper portion and a lower portion, said lower housing stage mounted to a second plate, said lower housing stage upper portion comprising a plurality of mating connectors for mating with said plurality of second signal cables extending from said hermetic header housing on said second side, said mating connectors being either said multi-coaxial electrical plug connector or said multicoaxial electrical receptacle connectors, each having an attenuator embedded therein for signal attenuation or electrical signal filtering, said lower housing stage lower portion terminating with a plurality of third signal cables.

79. The connection system of claim 77, wherein said first outer casing or coupling nut of said multi-coaxial electrical plug connector and / or said second outer casing of said multicoaxial electrical receptacle connector is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub-Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug or receptacle connector, respectively.

80. The connection system of claim 77, wherein said multi-coaxial electrical plug connector includes having one of said plurality of center socket contacts in conjunction with one of said first plurality of individual insulators forming a step diameter construct for aPHNX110006099constant impedance (PkZ®) connection using a cavity in said conductive plug inner body as an outer contact body for said constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

81. The connection system of claim 80, wherein said multi -coaxial electrical receptacle connector includes having one of said plurality of center pin contacts in conjunction with one of said second plurality of individual insulators forming a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

82. The connection system of claim 77 wherein said multi-coaxial electrical plug connector and said multi -coaxial electrical receptacle connector are each configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm or 75-ohm impedances.

83. The connection system of claim 78 wherein said second plate is a heat sink or a ground potential or both for said attenuators.

84. A cryogenic header assembly, comprising:a plate having a front side and a back side, and a plurality of electrical connectors, wherein said electrical connectors on said front side or back side include either an electrical plug connector or an electrical receptacle connector, such that said electrical plug connector includes:a first conductive outer casing or coupling nut;a plurality of center socket contacts;a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by said first outer casing or coupling nut, said conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of said plurality of center socket contacts, each of said individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of said plurality of center socket contacts; and a first plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of said first plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within said individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of said first plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of said plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of said plurality of center socket contacts to said conductive plug inner body; andPHNX110006099such that said electrical receptacle connector includes:a second conductive outer casing;a plurality of pin contacts;a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of said plurality of pin contacts, wherein said outer contacts in electrical communication with said second conductive outer casing; anda second plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator of said second plurality of individual insulators slidably receives one of said plurality of pin contacts, and provides electrical separation for each of said plurality of pin contacts from said second conductive outer casing and said conductive outer contacts;wherein said second outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for said plurality of pin contacts.

85. The cryogenic header assembly of claim 84 wherein said first outer casing or coupling nut of said multi-coaxial electrical plug connector and / or said second outer casing or coupling nut of said multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector is configured for a standardized connection scheme for connection to a BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connection), SMA (Sub -Miniature A Connection), Type N, or TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman Connection), plug or receptacle connector, respectively.

86. The cryogenic header assembly of claim 84, wherein said multi-coaxial electrical plug connector includes having one of said plurality of center socket contacts in conjunction with one of said first plurality of individual insulators forming a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection using a cavity in said conductive plug inner body as an outer contact body for said constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

87. The cryogenic header assembly of claim 84, wherein said multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector includes having one of said plurality of center pin contacts in conjunctionPHNX110006099with one of said second plurality of individual insulators forming a step diameter construct for a constant impedance (PkZ®) connection.

88. The cryogenic header assembly of claim 84 wherein said multi-coaxial electrical plug connector and said multi-coaxial electrical receptacle connector are each configured for an RF connector in 50-ohm or 75 -ohm impedances.

89. The cryogenic header assembly of claim 84 including hermetic seals located between said electrical connectors on said front side and said electrical connectors on said back side.

90. A cable harness for a connection system for a computer for transmitting signal cables through tiered stages, said cable harness having multiple conductor lines terminating in either an electrical plug connector or an electrical receptacle connector, such that said electrical plug connector includes:a first conductive outer casing or coupling nut;a plurality of center socket contacts;a conductive plug inner body slidably inserted within and encased by said first outer casing or coupling nut, said conductive plug inner body comprising individual cavities, one for each of said plurality of center socket contacts, each of said individual cavities surrounding and incorporating one of said plurality of center socket contacts; and a first plurality of individual insulators, wherein each individual insulator of said first plurality of individual insulators is slidably inserted and circumferentially encased within said individual cavities of the conductive plug inner body, each of said first plurality of individual insulators having a cavity for receiving one of said plurality of center socket contacts, and providing electrical separation for each of said plurality of center socket contacts to said conductive plug inner body; andsuch that said electrical receptacle connector includes:a second conductive outer casing;a plurality of pin contacts;PHNX110006099a plurality of conductive outer contacts, one for each of said plurality of pin contacts, wherein said outer contacts in electrical communication with said second conductive outer casing; anda second plurality of individual insulators, each having a cavity therethrough, wherein each individual insulator of said second plurality of individual insulators slidably receives one of said plurality of pin contacts, and provides electrical separation for each of said plurality of pin contacts from said second conductive outer casing and said conductive outer contacts;wherein said second outer casing and outer contacts provide an electrical ground potential for said plurality of pin contacts.PHNX110006099

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