Devices and methods of communication
The use of RRC messages with segment information in AI/ML model delivery addresses incomplete delivery methods, ensuring reliable and efficient transitions during mobility and re-establishment in wireless communications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Current implementations of AI/ML model delivery in wireless communications are incomplete, particularly in terms of control plane-based delivery, and lack clear methods for handling mobility, re-establishment, and RRC release/resume scenarios during uncompleted model delivery.
The solution involves using radio resource control (RRC) messages with signaling radio bearers to transmit AI/ML models or datasets, where each message includes segment information such as first/last segment indicators, segment numbers, hyper/sub segment numbers, extended segment numbers, and version IDs, enabling effective segmentation and handling of uncompleted deliveries during mobility or re-establishment.
This approach enhances the delivery and management of AI/ML models by ensuring seamless transitions during mobility and re-establishment, improving the reliability and efficiency of model delivery processes.
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Figure CN2025073755_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model delivery.BACKGROUND
[0002] Application of AI / ML to wireless communications has been far limited to implementation-based approaches, both, at network (NW) and user equipment (UE) sides. Benefits of an air-interface with features enabling improved support of AI / ML based algorithms includes enhanced performance and / or reduced complexity / overhead. Enhanced performance depends on use cases under consideration and includes, e.g., improved throughput, robustness, accuracy or reliability, etc.
[0003] A life cycle management (LCM) of AI / ML model / functionality may include data collection, model training, functionality / model identification, model delivery / transfer, model inference operation, functionality / model selection, activation, deactivation, switching, and fallback operation, functionality / model monitoring, model update, etc.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for AI / ML model delivery.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a first network device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first radio resource control (RRC) messages using a first signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, version identity (ID) information associated with the set of first RRC messages, or an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset; and determine the model or dataset for model training based at least on the segment and the information of the segment.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first RRC messages using a first SRB, a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages, or an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: transmit, to a first network device, a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB, a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, or version ID information associated with the set of third RRC messages.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first network device to: receive, from a terminal device, a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB, a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, or version ID information associated with the set of third RRC messages.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a terminal device. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a first network device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first RRC messages using a first SRB, a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages, or an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset; and determining the model or dataset for model training based at least on the segment and the information of the segment.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication at a first network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first RRC messages using a first SRB, a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages, or an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first network device, a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB, a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, or version ID information associated with the set of third RRC messages.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, from a terminal device, a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB, a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, or version ID information associated with the set of third RRC messages.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fifth to eighth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0014] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 2A illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example mobility procedure in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 2B illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example RRC connection re-establishment procedure in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0019] FIG. 2C illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example RRC resume procedure in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0020] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 4A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) control protocol data unit (PDU) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 4B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example PDCP control PDU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 4C illustrates a diagram illustrating an example PDCP data PDU in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0029] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0030] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0032] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0033] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0034] The term ‘network device’ refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0035] The terminal device or the network device may have AI or ML capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0036] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0037] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, self-organizing networks (SON) / minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0038] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0039] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different RATs. In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, information A may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and information B may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0040] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. The term ‘and / or’ indicates that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate cases includes ‘only A’ , ‘both A and B’ , and ‘only B’ . The term ‘at least one of the following items’ or a similar expression thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, ‘at least one of A, B, or C’ may represent A, B, C, ‘A and B’ , ‘A and C’ , ‘B and C’ , or ‘A, B and C’ . A / B may refer to A or B. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0041] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0042] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘AI / ML-enabled feature’ may refer to a feature where AI / ML may be used. The term ‘AI / ML model’ may refer to a data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.
[0043] The term ‘AI / ML model delivery’ may refer to a generic term referring to delivery of an AI / ML model from one entity to another entity in any manner. It is to be noted that an entity may mean a network node / function (e.g., gNB, location management function (LMF) , etc. ) , UE, proprietary server, etc.
[0044] The term ‘AI / ML model inference’ may refer to a process of using a trained AI / ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs. The term ‘AI / ML training’ may refer to a process to train an AI / ML model (e.g., by learning an input / output relationship) in a data driven manner and obtain the trained AI / ML model for inference. The term ‘data collection’ may refer to a process of collecting data by a network node, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI / ML model training, monitoring, data analytics and inference.
[0045] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘supported functionalities’ may refer to functionalities that UE can indicate by using UE capability information (e.g., via a RRC signaling or a long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) signaling) . The term ‘applicable functionalities’ may refer to functionalities that UE is ready to apply for inference. The term ‘activated functionalities’ may refer to functionalities already enabled for performing inference.
[0046] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘deactivate one functionality’ may be interchangeably used with ‘fallback to no AI / ML behavior’ or ‘fall back to a configuration without AI / ML functionality’ . The term ‘model’ may be interchangeably used with ‘AI / ML model’ . The term ‘functionality’ may be interchangeably used with ‘AI / ML functionality’ . The term ‘reference signal’ may be interchangeably used with “beam” . The term “NW side additional conditions” may be interchangeably used with ‘network side conditions’ . The term “UE side additional conditions” may be interchangeably used with “UE side conditions” . The term ‘target gNB’ may be interchangeably used with ‘new serving gNB’ .
[0047] Currently, a solution of AI / ML model delivery is still incomplete. In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to enhance AI / ML model delivery.
[0048] In one aspect, a terminal device may receive, from a first network device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first RRC messages using a first SRB. A first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment. Based at least on the segment and the information of the segment, the terminal device may determine the model or dataset for model training. The information of the segment may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages, or an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset. In this way, a CP based segmentation solution for downlink (DL) may be carried out.
[0049] In another aspect, a terminal device may transmit, to a first network device, a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB. A third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment. The information of the segment may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, or version ID information associated with the set of third RRC messages. In this way, a CP based segmentation solution for uplink (UL) may be carried out.
[0050] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0051] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120 and 130. The network device 120 may provide one or more cells (for convenience, only a cell 121 is shown) to serve the terminal device 110. The network device 130 may provide one or more cells (for convenience, only a cell 131 is shown) to serve the terminal device 110. In the example of FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 is located in the cell 121 and served by the network device 120.
[0052] The terminal device 110 may have a plurality of beams (not shown) , and each of the network devices 120 and 130 may have a plurality of beams (not shown) . A channel (or called as a sub-channel in this case) may be formed between one of the plurality of beams of the terminal device 110 and one of the plurality of beams of the network device 120 or 130. The terminal device 110 may transmit information to the network device 120 or 130, or receive information from the network device 120 or 130 via one or more sub-channels.
[0053] In some embodiments, the network device 120 and the network device 130 may be different devices. In some embodiments, the network device 120 and the network device 130 may be the same device.
[0054] In some embodiments, the terminal device may establish a dual connectivity (DC) with the network device 120 and the network device 130. For example, the network device 120 serves as a MN, and the network device 130 serves as a SN.
[0055] It is to be understood that the number of devices or cells in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or other network elements and / or cells adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0056] As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 and each of the network devices 120 and 130 may communicate with each other via Uu interface. The network device 120 and the network device 130 may communication with each other via Xn interface. The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0057] FIG. 2A illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example mobility procedure 200A in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. For the purpose of discussion, the procedure 200A will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200A may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. In this example, the network device 120 serves as a source gNB, and the network device 130 serves as a target gNB.
[0058] As shown in step 210 of FIG. 2A, the network device 120 may transmit a handover request message to the network device 130. As shown in step 211 of FIG. 2A, the network device 130 may transmit, to the network device 120, a handover request acknowledge message including handover. As shown in step 212 of FIG. 2A, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a handover command (e.g., a RRC reconfiguration message with reconfiguration with sync information) . As shown in step 213 of FIG. 2A, the terminal device 110 may apply the RRC reconfiguration message and transmit a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the network device 120. So far, an example mobility procedure is described. It is to be noted that the mobility procedure may be a handover procedure or a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure or any other mobility procedures.
[0059] FIG. 2B illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example RRC connection re-establishment procedure 200B in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. For the purpose of discussion, the procedure 200B will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200B may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. In this example, the network device 120 serves as a source gNB or last serving gNB, and the network device 130 serves as a target gNB or new gNB.
[0060] As shown in step 220 of FIG. 2B, the terminal device 110 may transmit a RRC re-establishment request message to the network device 130. As shown in step 221 of FIG. 2B, the network device 130 may transmit a retrieve UE context request message to the network device 120. As shown in step 222 of FIG. 2B, the network device 120 may transmit a retrieve UE context request response message to the network device 130. As shown in step 223 of FIG. 2B, the network device 130 may transmit a RRC re-establishment message to the terminal device 110. As shown in step 224 of FIG. 2B, the terminal device 110 may transmit a RRC re-establishment complete message to the network device 130. So far, an example RRC connection re-establishment procedure is described.
[0061] FIG. 2C illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example RRC resume procedure 200C in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. For the purpose of discussion, the procedure 200C will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200C may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2C are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. In this example, the network device 120 serves as a source gNB or last serving gNB, and the network device 130 serves as a target gNB or new gNB.
[0062] As shown in step 230 of FIG. 2C, the terminal device 110 may transmit a RRC release message to the network device 120. As shown in step 231 of FIG. 2C, the terminal device 110 may transmit a RRC resume request message to the network device 120. As shown in step 232 of FIG. 2C, the network device 130 may transmit a retrieve UE context request message to the network device 120. As shown in step 233 of FIG. 2C, the network device 120 may transmit a retrieve UE context request response message to the network device 130. As shown in step 234 of FIG. 2C, the network device 130 may transmit a RRC resume message to the terminal device 110. As shown in step 235 of FIG. 2C, the terminal device 110 may transmit a RRC resume complete message to the network device 130. So far, an example RRC resume procedure is described.
[0063] Currently, it is still unclear how to support control plane (CP) based AI / ML model delivery. Further, it is unclear how to handle the cases of mobility, re-establishment, and RRC release / resume in case of uncompleted AI / ML model delivery.
[0064] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of AI / ML model delivery so as to overcome the above and other potential issues. For illustration, the solutions will be detailed below with reference to FIGs. 3 and 4.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DL MODEL DELIVERY
[0065] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 300 of communication in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. It is assumed that the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110 initially.
[0066] As shown in FIG. 3, at step 310, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first RRC messages using a first SRB. A first RRC message (e.g., each first RRC message) in the set of first RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment.
[0067] In some embodiments, the segment may be a part of the model or dataset for model training. In some embodiments, the segment may be a part of a second RRC message comprising the model or dataset for model training.
[0068] In some embodiments, the first SRB may be different from SRB1, SRB2, SRB3, SRB4, or SRB5. In some embodiments, the first SRB may have a lower priority than SRB1, SRB2, or SRB3.
[0069] In some embodiments, the first RRC message may be a DLDedicatedMessageSegment message. It is to be noted that any other suitable RRC messages may also be feasible.
[0070] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise an indication of whether the segment is a first segment or not. In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise an indication of whether the segment is a last segment or not.
[0071] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise a segment number. The segment number identifies a segment number of the segment. In some embodiments, a value of the segment number of the segment may be wrapped around based on a maximum segment number (also referred to as a maximum segment number value herein) . In some embodiments, a segment number for the first segment is 0, and a segment number is increased by 1 for each subsequent segment. If the segment number is equal to or greater than the maximum segment number value, the segment number is wrapped around back to 0. In some embodiments, the maximum segment number value is 4. It is to be noted that the maximum segment number value may be any other suitable values, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0072] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise a hyper segment number. The hyper segment number identifies a hyper sequence number of the segment. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine a further number (for convenience, also referred to as a first segment number herein) of the segment based on the hyper segment number, a first maximum value (which is equal to the maximum segment number plus 1) , and the segment number of the segment. The further number of the segment may be used for assemble of the model or dataset. In some embodiments, the first maximum value is 5. It is to be noted that the first maximum value may be any other suitable values, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0073] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the further number of the segment based on an equation (1) or (2) below. Nsegment’ = Nhyper × Nmax1 + Nsegment (1) Nsegment’ = Nhyper × Nmax1 + Nsegment + 1 (2) where Nsegment’ denotes the further number of the segment, Nhyper denotes the hyper segment number, Nmax1 denote the first maximum value, and Nsegment denotes the segment number of the segment.
[0074] It is to be noted that the equations (1) and (2) are merely examples, and any other suitable forms may also be feasible.
[0075] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise a sub segment number. The sub segment number identifies a sub sequence number of the segment. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the further number (i.e., the first segment number) of the segment based on the sub segment number, a maximum sub segment number (also referred to as a second maximum value herein) , and the segment number of the segment. It is to be noted that the second maximum value may be any other suitable values, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0076] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the further number of the segment based on an equation (3) or (4) below. Nsegment’ = Nsegment × Nmax2 + Nsub (3) Nsegment’ = Nsegment × Nmax2 + Nsub + 1 (4) where Nsegment’ denotes the further number of the segment, Nsub denotes the sub segment number, Nmax2 denote the second maximum value, and Nsegment denotes the segment number of the segment.
[0077] It is to be noted that the equations (3) and (4) are merely examples, and any other suitable forms may also be feasible.
[0078] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise an extended segment number. The extended segment number indicates an extended sequence number of the segment. In some embodiments, a value of the extended segment number may be equal to or greater than 4. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the further number of the segment based on one of the segment number and the extended segment number.
[0079] In some embodiments, if the segment number and the extended segment number are comprised in the first RRC message, the terminal device 110 may determine the extended segment number as the further number of the segment. In some embodiments, if the segment number is comprised in the first RRC message and the extended segment number is not comprised in the first RRC message, the terminal device 110 may determine the segment number as the further number of the segment.
[0080] That is, the terminal device 110 may ignore the segment number, if the extended segment number is provided in the first RRC message. In other words, if both of the segment number and the extended segment number are provided in the first RRC message, the terminal device 110 may consider the further number of the segment as the value of the extended segment number, or may use only the extended segment number for assemble of the model or dataset. If only the segment number is provided to the terminal device 110, and the extended segment number is not provided to the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may consider the segment number of the segment as the value of the segment number received, or may use only the segment number for assemble of the model or dataset.
[0081] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages. In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise a model ID which identifies the model. In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise a dataset ID which identifies the dataset. In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise an ID which identifies the second RRC message, e.g., a RRC transaction identifier (RRC-TransactionIdentifier) associated with the second RRC message. It is to be noted that any other suitable forms of IDs may also be feasible.
[0082] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset.
[0083] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above information of the segment may also be feasible.
[0084] In some embodiments, at least one of the first RRC message or the second RRC message may comprise meta information associated with the model or dataset for model training. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise information of a functionality of the model, e.g., ID which identifies the functionality associated with the model. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or dataset, e.g., ID (also referred to as an associated ID herein) which identifies the network side additional condition. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise information of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or dataset, e.g., ID which identifies the terminal device side additional condition. In some embodiments, the terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or dataset may comprise at least one of the memory requirement, power or battery requirement, or other hardware requirement or software requirement. It is to be noted that any combinations of the above meta information may also be feasible.
[0085] As shown in step 320 of FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may determine the model or dataset for model training based at least on the segment and the information of the segment.
[0086] In some embodiments, upon reception of one of the set of first RRC messages, the terminal device 110 may store the segment included in the first RRC message. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the model or dataset for model training by assembling the model or dataset for model training from a set of segments received from the set of first RRC messages based on segment number or the further number of each of the set of segments. In some embodiments, upon all the set of first RRC messages are received or upon all the set of segments are received, a RRC layer of the terminal device 110 may assemble the set of segments and deliver the assembled model and the associated meta information to a further layer of the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the further layer may be a lower layer of the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the further layer may be an AI / ML layer.
[0087] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the network device 130 during reception of the model or dataset.
[0088] As shown in step 330 of FIG. 3, upon determination that the mobility procedure, the RRC resume procedure or the RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the network device 130 is performed during the reception of the model or dataset, the terminal device 110 may perform a first operation to handle the uncompleted reception of the model or dataset. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the first operation for the case that not all the segments / set of first RRC messages are received from a source gNB (e.g., the network device 120) .
[0089] In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise triggering, by a PDCP layer of the terminal device 110, a PDCP status report for the first SRB.
[0090] In some embodiments, the PDCP status report for the first SRB may be transmitted by the PDCP layer of the terminal device 110 upon reception an indication from the RRC layer during the mobility procedure. In some embodiments, the indication from the RRC layer may be a request for PDCP re-establishment, or a request of PDCP status report. In some embodiments, whether the terminal device 110 transmits the PDCP status report for the first SRB may be determined based on a network configuration. That is, if the network configures the terminal device 110 to transmit the PDCP status report for the first SRB, the terminal device 110 may transmit the PDCP status report for the first SRB. Here, the PDCP status report for the first SRB may be configured by a target gNB or new gNB (e.g., the network device 130) in the handover command (i.e., RRC reconfiguration message with reconfiguration with sync information) or in the RRC resume message or in the RRC Re-establishment message.
[0091] In some embodiments, the PDCP status report for the first SRB may include a first missing COUNT indicating a COUNT value of the first missing PDCP service data unit (SDU) within a reordering window (e.g., RX_DELIV) , and a bitmap indicating which SDUs are missing and which SDUs are correctly received in a receiving PDCP entity.
[0092] In some embodiments, the PDCP status report may be transmitted as a PDCP control PDU. For illustration, some example formats of the PDCP control PDU for the PDCP status report will be described in connection with FIGs. 4A and 4B below.
[0093] FIG. 4A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example PDCP control PDU 400A in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4A, the PDCP control PDU 400A may comprise a D / C field, a PDU Type field, R fields, one or more FMC fields, and one or more bitmap fields. The D / C field indicates whether the corresponding PDCP PDU is a PDCP data PDU or a PDCP control PDU. The PDU Type field indicates the type of control information included in the corresponding PDCP control PDU. For the first SRB, the PDU Type field may only be set as 000, which indicates that it is a PDCP status report. Each R field is a reserved field. The one or more FMC fields indicate a count value of the first missing PDCP SDU within a reordering window, i.e. RX_DELIV. The one or more bitmap fields indicate which SDUs are missing and which SDUs are correctly received in the receiving PDCP entity.
[0094] FIG. 4B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example PDCP control PDU 400B in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4B, the PDCP control PDU 400B may comprise a D / C field, R fields, one or more FMC fields, and one or more bitmap fields. The D / C field indicates whether the corresponding PDCP PDU is a PDCP data PDU or a PDCP control PDU. Each R field is a reserved field. The one or more FMC fields indicate a count value of the first missing PDCP SDU within a reordering window, i.e. RX_DELIV. The one or more bitmap fields indicate which SDUs are missing and which SDUs are correctly received in the receiving PDCP entity.
[0095] It is to be noted that FIGs. 4A and 4B are merely examples, and any other suitable forms may also be feasible.
[0096] In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise performing a PDCP re-establishment procedure for the first SRB. In some embodiments, during the PDCP re-establishment procedure, the receiving PDCP entity of the first SRB of the terminal device 110 may perform a second operation.
[0097] In some embodiments, the second operation may comprise maintaining all stored PDCP SDUs and PDCP PDUs. For example, the receiving PDCP entity of the first SRB does not discard all stored PDCP SDUs and PDCP PDUs. In some embodiments, the second operation may comprise maintaining values of a state variable indicating a count value of a next PDCP SDU expected to be received and a state variable indicating a count value of a first PDCP SDU not delivered to upper layers. For example, the receiving PDCP entity of the first SRB does not set, to an initial value, the state variable indicating the count value of the next PDCP SDU expected to be received (e.g., RX_NEXT) and the state variable indicating the count value of the first PDCP SDU not delivered to the upper layers, but still waited for (e.g., RX_DELIV) . In some embodiments, the second operation may comprise maintaining a timer for reordering. For example, the receiving PDCP entity of the first SRB does not stop and reset the timer for reordering (e.g., t-Reordering) . It is to be noted that any combinations of the above second operations may also be feasible.
[0098] In other words, during PDCP re-establishment for the first SRB, the terminal device 110 may keep all stored PDCP SDUs and PDCP PDUs, maintain the value of RX_NEXT and RX_DELIV, and maintain the timer for reordering (t-Reordering) . In other works, during PDCP re-establishment, the terminal device 110 may discard all PDCP SDUs and PDCP PDUs, and set the value of RX_NEXT and RX_DELIV to the initial value, and stop and reset the t-Reordering for the SRBs except for the first SRB.
[0099] In other words, during PDCP re-establishment, the terminal device 110 may discard all stored PDCP SDUs and PDCP PDUs, set the RX_NEXT and RX_DELIV to the initial value, and stop and reset a timer for reordering (e.g., t-Reordering) for SRBs, except for the first SRB.
[0100] For illustration, an example format of a PDCP data PDU that the terminal device 110 received from the network device 120 or network device 130 for the first SRB will be described in connection with FIG. 4C below.
[0101] FIG. 4C illustrates a diagram illustrating an example PDCP data PDU 400C in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4C, the PDCP data PDU 400C may comprise a D / C field, R fields, one or more PDCP SN fields, a data field, and one or more MAC-I fields. The D / C field indicates whether the corresponding PDCP PDU is a PDCP data PDU or a PDCP control PDU. Each R field is a reserved field. The one or more PDCP SN fields indicate a PDCP sequence number. The data field includes one of the following uncompressed PDCP SDU for control plane data. The one or more MAC-I fields carry a message authentication code.
[0102] It is to be noted that FIG. 4C is merely an example, and any other suitable forms may also be feasible.
[0103] In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise reporting, to the network device 130 by a RRC layer of the terminal device 110, information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) indicating that not all segments associated with the model or dataset are transmitted to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may report information (i.e., the first information) associated with at least one AI / ML model of which not all the segments are (successfully) transmitted to the terminal device 110 to the target gNB, by a RRC message.
[0104] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise information of a last received first RRC message. For example, the first information may comprise at least one of the segment number, the hyper segment number, the sub segment number, the further number, the extended segment number, the version ID, or the meta information.
[0105] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be the RRC reconfiguration complete message of the mobility procedure, or the RRC re-establishment complete message of the RRC connection re-establishment procedure, or the RRC resume complete message of the RRC resume procedure. Alternatively, the RRC message may be a UE information response message or a UE assistance information message.
[0106] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 130, a configuration indicating the reporting of the first information. For example, the configuration may request the terminal device 110 to report the first information. The terminal device 110 may report the first information based on reception of the configuration.
[0107] For example, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the target gNB (i.e., the network device 130) , a RRC message including the configuration which configures the terminal device 110 to report the first information and keep the stored segments. In some embodiments, after reception of the configuration, the terminal device 110 may consider that the terminal device 110 is configured to report the first information. In some embodiments, the RRC message including the configuration may be the RRC reconfiguration message (i.e., handover command) , or RRC resume message, or RRC re-establishment message, or UE information request message.
[0108] In some embodiments, if the configuration is not received by the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may discard one or more stored segments received from the source gNB (i.e., the network device 120) .
[0109] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above first operations may also be feasible.
[0110] In some embodiments, if a RRC release message is received or the terminal device 110 goes to an idle state, the terminal device 110 may discard all received segments which are not assembled and forwarded to upper or lower layers. In other words, upon reception of the RRC release message or upon going to the idle state, the terminal device 110 may discard all received segments which are not assembled and forwarded to a further layer. In some embodiments, the RRC release message does not include a suspend configuration which indicates the terminal device 110 to go to an inactive state.
[0111] In some embodiments, if a RRC release message with a suspend configuration is received, the terminal device 110 may store one or more received segments which are not assembled and forwarded to the upper or lower layers. In other words, upon reception of the RRC release message with suspend configuration, the terminal device 110 may store one or more previous segments received which are not assembled.
[0112] In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 receives a RRC message including an indication of a full configuration which triggers the terminal device 110 to perform a full configuration procedure, the terminal device 110 may discard all received and stored segments which are not assembled and forwarded to the upper or lower layers. In other words, upon reception of a RRC message including the indication of the full configuration which triggers the terminal device 110 to perform the full configuration procedure, the terminal device 110 may perform the full configuration procedure, and during the full configuration procedure, the terminal device 110 may discard all received and stored segments which are not assembled and forwarded to a further layer. In some embodiments, during the full configuration procedure, the terminal device 110 may also release or clear all current dedicated and common radio configurations except for some particular configurations. In some embodiments, the RRC message may be a RRC reconfiguration message, or a RRC resume message.
[0113] As shown in step 340 of FIG. 3, upon determination that the mobility procedure, the RRC resume procedure or the RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the network device 130 is performed by the terminal device 110 during transmission of the model or dataset, the network device 120 may transmit, to the network device 130, information (also referred to as second information herein) associated with the transmission of the model or dataset. In other words, during the mobility procedure or the RRC connection re-establishment procedure or the RRC resume procedure, the source gNB may forward the second information to the target gNB.
[0114] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise a DL PDCP sequence number (SN) transmitter status associated with the first SRB. For example, different from the other SRBs that the network device 120 does not send associated DL PDCP SN transmitters to the network device 130, for the first SRB, the network device 120 (the source gNB) may send a SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the network device 130 (the target gNB) , which includes the DL PDCP SN transmitter status of the first SRB. In some embodiments, the downlink PDCP SN transmitter status may indicate the next PDCP-SN and hyper frame number that the network device 130 (the target gNB) shall assign to new PDCP SDUs, not having a PDCP SN yet.
[0115] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise one or more DL data packets of the first SRB. In other words, different from other SRBs that the network device 120 does not forward DL data packet to the network device 130, the network device 120 forward to the network device 130 the DL data packets for the first SRB. In some embodiments, the one or more DL data packets may be one or more PDCP SDUs. In some embodiments, the network device 130 (the target / new gNB) may forward, to the network device 120 (the source / last serving gNB) , data forwarding information associated with the first SRB to the source gNB via a handover request acknowledge message or Xn-U address indication message. A downlink forwarding tunnel associated the first SRB may be established by and between the network device 130 (the target gNB) and the network device 120 (the source gNB) . And the network device 120 (the source gNB) may forward in order to the network device 130 (the target gNB) via the downlink forwarding tunnel all downlink data packets of the first SRB with their SN which have not been acknowledged by the terminal device 110. After forwarding all the DL data packets of the first SRB, the network device 120 (the source gNB) may send one or more "end marker"packets to the network device 130 (the target gNB) . And then any U-plane / transport network layer (TNL) resources associated with the first SRB towards the network device 120 (the source gNB) may be released.
[0116] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise information (for convenience, also referred to as third information herein) indicating that not all segments associated with the model or dataset are transmitted to the terminal device 110. For example, the network device 120 may transmit information (i.e., the third information) associated with the at least one AI / ML model or dataset of which not all the segments are (successfully) transmitted to the terminal device 110 by the network device 120 in a RRC message.
[0117] In some embodiments, the third information may comprise information associated with a last first RRC message. In some embodiments, the third information may comprise the information associated with the last first RRC message (successfully) transmitted to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the third information may comprise at least one of the segment number, the hyper segment number, the sub segment number, the further number of segment, the extended segment number, the version ID, or the meta information.
[0118] In some embodiments, the third information may comprise information associated with a next first RRC message. In some embodiments, the third information may comprise the information associated with the next first RRC message that should be transmitted to the terminal device 110 by the network device 130 (the target gNB) , including at least one of the segment number, the hyper segment number, the sub segment number, the further number of the segment, the extended segment number, the version ID, or the meta information. It is to be noted that any combinations of the above third information may also be feasible.
[0119] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise one or more segments or first RRC messages which are unsuccessfully transmitted to the terminal device 110 by the network device 120, or remaining model or dataset, or the entire model or dataset.
[0120] In some embodiments, the one or more segments or first RRC messages or remaining or entire model or dataset may be sent to the network device 130 (the target gNB) by a handover request message during the mobility procedure, or retrieve UE context request message during the RRC connection re-establishment procedure, or inter-node handover preparation information in the handover request message or retrieve UE context request message.
[0121] In some embodiments, the one or more segments or first RRC messages or remaining or entire model or dataset may be sent by a RRC transfer message between the network device 120 (the source gNB) and the network device 130 (the target gNB) during or after the mobility procedure or RRC connection re-establishment procedure or RRC resume procedure.
[0122] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above second information may also be feasible.
[0123] In some embodiments, the second information may be forwarded to the network device 130 (the target gNB) via CN (e.g., AMF or UPF) . In other words, the network device 120 (the source gNB) forwards the second information to the CN first, and then the CN forwards to the network device 130 (the target gNB) .
[0124] So far, a CP based segmentation solution for DL is described. It is to be understood that operations or steps or embodiments described in connection with FIGs. 3 to 4C may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF UL MODEL DELIVERY
[0125] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 500 of communication in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 500 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 5 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. It is assumed that the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110 initially.
[0126] As shown in FIG. 5, at step 510, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB. A third RRC message (e.g., each third RRC message) in the set of third RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment. The collected data may be any data such as measurement results collected by the terminal device 110.
[0127] In some embodiments, the segment may be a part of the model or collected data. In some embodiments, the segment may be a part of a fourth RRC message comprising the model or collected data.
[0128] In some embodiments, the second SRB may be different from SRB1, SRB2, SRB3, SRB4, or SRB5. In some embodiments, the second SRB may have a lower priority than SRB1, SRB2, or SRB3. In some embodiments, the second SRB may be the same as the first SRB.
[0129] In some embodiments, the third RRC message may be a ULDedicatedMessageSegment message. It is to be noted that any other suitable RRC messages may also be feasible.
[0130] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise an indication of whether the segment is a first segment or not. In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise an indication of whether the segment is a last segment or not.
[0131] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise a segment number. The segment number identifies a segment number of the segment. In some embodiments, a value of the segment number of the segment may be wrapped around based on a maximum segment number value. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may set a segment number to 0 for the first segment, and increment a segment number by 1 for each subsequent segment. If a segment number of a subsequent segment is equal to or greater than the maximum segment number value, the terminal device 110 may set the segment number of the subsequent segment to be wrapped around back to 0. In some embodiments, the maximum segment number value is 15. It is to be noted that the maximum segment number value may be any other suitable values, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0132] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise a hyper segment number. The hyper segment number identifies a hyper sequence number of the segment. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may set the hyper segment number to 0 for the first segment, and increment the hyper segment number by 1 if a segment number of a subsequent segment is equal to or greater than the maximum segment number value, or is wrapped around back to 0, the terminal device 110 may increment the hyper segment number by 1 for the subsequent segment.
[0133] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise a sub segment number. The sub segment number identifies a sub sequence number of the segment. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may set the sub segment number to 0 for the first segment, and increment the sub segment number by 1 for each subsequent segment. If the sub segment number of a subsequent segment is equal to or greater than a maximum sub segment number, the terminal device 110 may set a value of the sub segment number as wrapped around back to 0, and increment the segment number by 1.
[0134] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise an extended segment number. The extended segment number indicates an extended sequence number of the segment. In some embodiments, a value of the extended segment number may be equal to or greater than 16. In some embodiments, if number of segments is larger than or equal to a maximum value (e.g., 16) , the terminal device 110 may cause the segment number set to be a default / special value (e.g., 0 or 15) and the extended segment number to be included in the third RRC message. If number of segments is smaller than or equal to the maximum value, the terminal device 110 may cause the extended segment number to be not included in the third RRC message. In other words, if the number of segments is larger than or equal to the maximum value (e.g., 16) , the terminal device 110 may include the extend segment number in the third RRC message, and set the segment number as a default / special value, e.g., 0 or 15. Otherwise, if the number of segments is smaller than the maximum value, the terminal device 110 may not include the extend segment number in the third RRC message.
[0135] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages. In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise a model ID which identifies the model. In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise a dataset ID which identifies the collected data. In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise an ID which identifies the fourth RRC message, e.g., a RRC transaction identifier (RRC-TransactionIdentifier) associated with the fourth RRC message. It is to be noted that any other suitable forms of IDs may also be feasible.
[0136] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above information of the segment may also be feasible.
[0137] In some embodiments, at least one of the third RRC message or the fourth RRC message may comprise meta information associated with the model or collected data. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise information of a functionality of the model, e.g., ID which identifies the functionality of the model or collected data. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or collected data, e.g., ID (also referred to as an associated ID herein) which identifies the network side additional condition. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise information of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or collected data, e.g., ID which identifies the terminal device side additional condition. In some embodiments, the terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or dataset may comprise at least one of the memory requirement, power or battery requirement, or other hardware requirement or software requirement. It is to be noted that any combinations of the above meta information may also be feasible.
[0138] In some embodiments, the RRC layer of the terminal device 110 may determine a set of segments of the model or collected data, and include the set of segments into the set of third RRC messages.
[0139] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the network device 130 during transmission of the model or collected data.
[0140] As shown in step 520 of FIG. 5, upon determination that the mobility procedure, the RRC resume procedure or the RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the network device 130 is performed during the transmission of the model or dataset, the terminal device 110 may perform a third operation to handle the uncompleted transmission of the model or collected data. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the third operation for the case that not all the segments / set of third RRC messages are (successfully) transmitted to a source gNB (e.g., the network device 120) .
[0141] In some embodiments, the third operation may comprise retransmitting, to the network device 130, the model or collected data in a further set of third RRC messages. In other words, the terminal device 110 may retransmit the model or collected data in a new set of third RRC messages to a target gNB (new serving gNB) . In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the remaining segments or third RRC messages which are not transmitted to the source gNB (last serving gNB) . In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the source gNB or target gNB, a configuration indicating whether terminal device 110 re-transmits the model or collected data in a new set of third RRC messages or transmits the remaining third RRC messages which are not transmitted to the source gNB.
[0142] In some embodiments, the third operation may comprise performing a PDCP re-establishment procedure for the second SRB. In some embodiments, during the PDCP re-establishment procedure, a transmitting PDCP entity of the second SRB of the terminal device 110 may perform a fourth operation.
[0143] In some embodiments, the fourth operation may comprise maintaining a value of a state variable indicating a count value of a next PDCP SDU to be transmitted. For example, the transmitting PDCP entity for the second SRB does not set the state variable indicating the count value of the next PDCP SDU to be transmitted (TX_NEXT) to the initial value. In other words, during PDCP re-establishment for the second SRB, the terminal device 110 may maintain the TX_NEXT value. In other words, during PDCP re-establishment, the terminal device 110 may set the TX_NEXT to the initial value for SRBs, except for the second SRB.
[0144] In some embodiments, the fourth operation may comprise: from a first PDCP SDU for which successful delivery of a corresponding PDCP data PDU has not been confirmed by lower layers, performing a retransmission or transmission of all PDCP SDUs already associated with PDCP SNs in an ascending order of count values associated to the PDCP SDUs prior to PDCP re-establishment. In other words, different from the handling of other SRBs during PDCP re-establishment that no retransmission or transmission of PDCP PDUs already associated with PDCP SN is performed, the PDCP entity of the second SRB of the terminal device 110 performs retransmission or transmission of all PDCP SDUs already associated with PDCP SNs in an ascending order of count values associated to the PDCP SDUs prior to PDCP re-establishment.
[0145] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above fourth operations may also be feasible. It is also to be noted that any combinations of the above third operations may also be feasible.
[0146] As shown in step 530 of FIG. 5, upon determination that the mobility procedure, the RRC resume procedure or the RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the network device 130 is performed by the terminal device 110 during reception of the model or dataset, the network device 120 may transmit, to the network device 130, information (also referred to as fourth information herein) associated with the reception of the model or dataset. In other words, during the mobility procedure or the RRC connection re-establishment procedure or the RRC resume procedure, the source gNB may forward the fourth information to the target gNB.
[0147] In some embodiments, the fourth information may comprise a UL PDCP SN receiver status associated with the second SRB. For example, for the second SRB, the network device 120 (the source gNB) may send a SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the network device 130 (the target gNB) , which includes the UL PDCP SN receiver status of the second SRB. In other words, different from the handling of other SRBs that no UL PDCP SN receiver status is forwarded to the target NB, the source gNB forwards to the target gNB UL PDCP SN receiver status associated with the second SRB. In some embodiments, the UL PDCP SN receiver status may include at least the PDCP SN and hyper frame number of the first missing UL PDCP SDU. And the target gNB may start delivering to the 5G core (5GC) / AMF or operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) from the first missing PDCP SDU. In some embodiments, the UL PDCP SN receiver status may include a bit map of the receiver status of the out of sequence UL PDCP SDUs that the terminal device 110 needs to retransmit in the target gNB / cell, if any.
[0148] In some embodiments, the fourth information may comprise one or more UL data packets of the second SRB. In some embodiments, the one or more UL data packets may be one or more PDCP SDUs. In some embodiments, the network device 130 (the target gNB) may establish a tunnel associated with the second SRB. And the network device 120 (the source gNB) may forward in order to the network device 130 (the target gNB) uplink data packets with their SNs for the second SRB via the tunnel.
[0149] In some embodiments, the fourth information may comprise information (for convenience, also referred to as fifth information herein) indicating that not all segments associated with the model or collected data are received from the terminal device 110. For example, the network device 120 may transmit information (i.e., the fifth information) associated with the at least one AI / ML model of which not all the segments are (successfully) received from the terminal device 110 by the network device 120.
[0150] In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise information associated with the last third RRC message. In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise the information associated with the last third RRC message (successfully) received from the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise at least one of the segment number, the hyper segment number, the sub segment number, the further number of segment, the extended segment number, the version ID, or the meta information.
[0151] In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise information associated with a next third RRC message. In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise the information associated with the next third RRC message that should be received from the terminal device 110 by the network device 130 (the target gNB) , including at least one of the segment number, the hyper segment number, the sub segment number, the further number of the segment, the extended segment number, the version ID, or the meta information. It is to be noted that any combinations of the above fifth information may also be feasible.
[0152] In some embodiments, the fourth information may comprise one or more segments or third RRC messages received from the terminal device 110 by the network device 120.
[0153] In some embodiments, the one or more segments or third RRC messages may be sent to the network device 130 (the target gNB) by a handover request message during the mobility procedure, or a retrieve UE context request message during the RRC connection re-establishment procedure, or inter-node handover preparation information in the handover request message or the retrieve UE context request message.
[0154] In some embodiments, the one or more segments or third RRC messages may be sent by a RRC transfer message between the network device 120 (the source gNB) and the network device 130 (the target gNB) during or after the mobility procedure or RRC connection re-establishment procedure or RRC resume procedure.
[0155] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above fourth information may also be feasible.
[0156] In some embodiments, the fourth information may be forwarded to the network device 130 (the target gNB) via CN (e.g., AMF or UPF) . In other words, the network device 120 (the source gNB) forwards the fourth information to the CN first, and then the CN forwards to the network device 130 (the target gNB) .
[0157] In some embodiments, the network device 130 (the target gNB) may forward, to the network device 120 (the source gNB) or CN (e.g., AMF) , one or more segments or third RRC messages received from the terminal device 120, or the entire model or collected data.
[0158] So far, a CP based segmentation solution for UL is described. It is to be understood that operations or steps or embodiments described in connection with FIG. 5 may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0159] It is also to be understood that solutions or processes or operations or steps described above may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0160] Corresponding to the above processes, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 6 to 9.
[0161] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0162] At block 610, a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) may receive, from a first network device (e.g., the network device 120) , a model or dataset for model training via a set of first RRC messages using a first SRB. A first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment.
[0163] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages, or an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset.
[0164] At block 620, the terminal device may determine the model or dataset for model training based at least on the segment and the information of the segment.
[0165] In some embodiments, the segment may be a part of the model or dataset for model training, or the segment is a part of a second RRC message comprising the model or dataset for model training.
[0166] In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise at least one of the following: a model ID which identifies the model, a dataset ID which identifies the dataset, or an ID which identifies the second RRC message.
[0167] In some embodiments, at least one of the first RRC message or the second RRC message may comprise meta information associated with the model or dataset for model training. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise at least one of the following: information of a functionality of the model, information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or dataset, or information of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or dataset.
[0168] In some embodiments, a value of the segment number of the segment may be wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.
[0169] In some embodiments, the terminal device may determine the model or dataset for model training by: determining a first segment number of the segment based on the hyper or sub segment number, a maximum hyper or sub segment number, and the segment number of the segment; and assembling the model or dataset for model training from a set of segments received from the set of first RRC messages based on the first segment number of each of the set of segments.
[0170] In some embodiments, the terminal device may determine the model or dataset for model training by determining a first segment number of the segment and assembling the model or data set for model training from a set of segments received from the set of first RRC messages based on the first segment number of each of the set of segments. In some embodiments, the terminal device may determine the first segment number of the segment based on one of the following: in accordance with a determination that the segment number and the extended segment number are comprised in the first RRC message, determining the extended segment number as the first segment number of the segment; or in accordance with a determination that the segment number is comprised in the first RRC message and the extended segment number is not comprised in the first RRC message, determining the segment number as the first segment number of the segment.
[0171] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device (e.g., the network device 130) is performed during reception of the model or dataset, the terminal device may perform a first operation comprising at least one of the following: triggering, by a PDCP layer of the terminal device, a PDCP status report for the first SRB; performing a PDCP re-establishment procedure for the first SRB; or reporting, to the second network device by a RRC layer of the terminal device, first information indicating that not all segments associated with the model or dataset are transmitted to the terminal device.
[0172] In some embodiments, the terminal device may perform, by a receiving PDCP entity of the terminal device during the PDCP re-establishment procedure, a second operation comprising at least one of the following: maintaining all stored PDCP SDUs and PDCP PDUs; maintaining values of a state variable indicating a count value of a next PDCP SDU expected to be received and a state variable indicating a count value of a first PDCP SDU not delivered to upper layers; or maintaining a timer for reordering.
[0173] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise information of a last received first RRC message.
[0174] In some embodiments, the terminal device may report the first information by: receiving, from the second network device, a configuration indicating the reporting of the first information; and reporting the first information based on reception of the configuration.
[0175] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the configuration is not received by the terminal device, the terminal device may discard one or more stored segments received from the first network device.
[0176] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be further caused to at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that a RRC release message is received or the terminal device goes to an idle state, discard all received segments which are not assembled and forwarded to upper or lower layers; in accordance with a determination that a RRC release message with a suspend configuration is received, store one or more received segments which are not assembled and forwarded to the upper or lower layers; or in accordance with a determination that the terminal device receives a RRC message including an indication of a full configuration which triggers the terminal device to perform a full configuration procedure, discard all received and stored segments which are not assembled and forwarded to the upper or lower layers.
[0177] With the method 600, a CP based segmentation solution for DL at a terminal device may be achieved.
[0178] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 700 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0179] At block 710, a first network device (e.g., the network device 120) may transmit, to a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , a model or dataset for model training via a set of first RRC messages using a first SRB. A first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment.
[0180] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, version ID information associated with the set of first RRC messages, or an indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset.
[0181] In some embodiments, the segment is a part of the model or dataset for model training, or the segment is a part of a second RRC message comprising the model or dataset for model training.
[0182] In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise at least one of the following: a model ID which identifies the model, a dataset ID which identifies the dataset, or an ID which identifies the second RRC message.
[0183] In some embodiments, at least one of the first RRC message or the second RRC message may comprise meta information associated with the model or dataset for model training. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise at least one of the following: information of a functionality of the model, information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or dataset, or information of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or dataset.
[0184] In some embodiments, a value of the segment number of the segment may be wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.
[0185] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device is performed by the terminal device during transmission of the model or dataset, the first network device may transmit, to the second network device, second information comprising at least one of the following: a downlink PDCP SN transmitter status associated with the first SRB; one or more downlink data packets of the first SRB; third information indicating that not all segments associated with the model or dataset are transmitted to the terminal device; or one or more segments or first RRC messages which are unsuccessfully transmitted to the terminal device by the first network device, or the model or dataset.
[0186] In some embodiments, the third information may comprise at least one of the following: information associated with a last first RRC message; or information associated with a next first RRC message.
[0187] With the method 700, a CP based segmentation solution for DL at a network device may be achieved.
[0188] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 600 and 700 correspond to that described in connection with FIG. 3 to 4C, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0189] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 800 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 800 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0190] At block 810, a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) may transmit, to a first network device (e.g., the network device 120) , a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB. A third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment.
[0191] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, or version ID information associated with the set of third RRC messages.
[0192] In some embodiments, the segment is a part of the model or collected data, or the segment is a part of a fourth RRC message comprising the model or collected data.
[0193] In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise at least one of the following: a model ID which identifies the model, a dataset ID which identifies the collected data, or an ID which identifies the fourth RRC message.
[0194] In some embodiments, at least one of the third RRC message or the fourth RRC message may comprise meta information associated with the model or collected data, the meta information comprising at least one of the following: information of a functionality of the model, information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or collected data, or information of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or collected data.
[0195] In some embodiments, a value of the segment number of the segment may be wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.
[0196] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be further caused to at least one of the following: set the hyper segment number to zero for a first segment; or in accordance with a determination that a segment number of a subsequent segment is equal to or larger than a maximum segment number, or is wrapped around back to zero, increment the hyper segment number by 1 for the subsequent segment.
[0197] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be further caused to at least one of the following: set the sub segment number to zero for a first segment; increment the sub segment number by 1 for a subsequent segment; or in accordance with a determination that the sub segment number of the subsequent segment is equal to or larger than a maximum sub segment number, set a value of the sub segment number as wrapped around back to zero, and increment the segment number by 1.
[0198] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be further caused to at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that number of segments is larger than or equal to a maximum value, cause the segment number set to be a default value and the extended segment number to be included in the third RRC message; or in accordance with a determination that number of segments is smaller than or equal to the maximum value, cause the extended segment number to be not included in the third RRC message.
[0199] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device is performed during transmission of the model or collected data, the terminal device may perform a third operation comprising at least one of the following: retransmitting, to the second network device, the model or collected data in a further set of third RRC messages; or performing a PDCP re-establishment procedure for the second SRB.
[0200] In some embodiments, the terminal device may perform, by a transmitting PDCP entity of the terminal device during the PDCP re-establishment procedure, a fourth operation comprising at least one of the following: maintaining a value of a state variable indicating a count value of a next PDCP SDU to be transmitted; or performing, from a first PDCP SDU for which successful delivery of a corresponding PDCP data PDU has not been confirmed by lower layers, a retransmission or transmission of all PDCP SDUs already associated with PDCP SNs in an ascending order of count values associated to the PDCP SDUs prior to PDCP re-establishment.
[0201] With the method 800, a CP based segmentation solution for UL at a terminal device may be achieved.
[0202] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 900 of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 900 may be performed at the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 900 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 900 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0203] At block 910, a first network device (e.g., the network device 120) may receive, from a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , a model or collected data via a set of third RRC messages using a second SRB. A third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages may comprise a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment.
[0204] In some embodiments, the information of the segment may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment, a segment number of the segment, a hyper or sub segment number of the segment, an extended segment number of the segment, or version ID information associated with the set of third RRC messages.
[0205] In some embodiments, the segment is a part of the model or collected data, or the segment is a part of a fourth RRC message comprising the model or collected data.
[0206] In some embodiments, the version ID information may comprise at least one of the following: a model ID which identifies the model, a dataset ID which identifies the collected data, or an ID which identifies the fourth RRC message.
[0207] In some embodiments, at least one of the third RRC message or the fourth RRC message may comprise meta information associated with the model or collected data. In some embodiments, the meta information may comprise at least one of the following: information of a functionality of the model, information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or collected data, or information of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or collected data.
[0208] In some embodiments, a value of the segment number of the segment may be wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.
[0209] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device is performed by the terminal device during reception of the model or collected data, the first network device may transmit, to the second network device, fourth information comprising at least one of the following: an uplink PDCP SN receiver status associated with the second SRB; one or more uplink data packets of the second SRB; fifth information indicating that not all segments associated with the model or collected data are received from the terminal device; or one or more segments or third RRC messages received from the terminal device.
[0210] In some embodiments, the fifth information may comprise at least one of the following: information associated with a last third RRC message; or information associated with a next third RRC message.
[0211] With the method 900, a CP based segmentation solution for UL at a network device may be achieved.
[0212] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 800 and 900 correspond to that described in connection with FIG. 5, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0213] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or the network device 130 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1000 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or the network device 130.
[0214] As shown, the device 1000 includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, a suitable transceiver 1040 coupled to the processor 1010, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1040. The memory 1010 stores at least a part of a program 1030. The transceiver 1040 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1040 may include at least one of a transmitter 1042 or a receiver 1044. The transmitter 1042 and the receiver 1044 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an access node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / access and mobility management function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0215] The program 1030 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1010, enable the device 1000 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 9. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1010 of the device 1000, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1010 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1010 and memory 1020 may form processing means 1050 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0216] The memory 1020 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1020 is shown in the device 1000, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1000. The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0217] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to perform any of the methods 600 to 900 as described above. The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0218] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0219] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 9. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0220] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0221] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0222] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0223] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a first network device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first radio resource control (RRC) messages using a first signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment,version identity (ID) information associated with the set of first RRC messages, oran indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset; anddetermine the model or dataset for model training based at least on the segment and the information of the segment.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the segment is a part of the model or dataset for model training, orwherein the segment is a part of a second RRC message comprising the model or dataset for model training.3.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the version ID information comprises at least one of the following:a model ID which identifies the model,a dataset ID which identifies the dataset, oran ID which identifies the second RRC message.4.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first RRC message or the second RRC message comprises meta information associated with the model or dataset for model training, the meta information comprising at least one of the following:information of a functionality of the model,information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or dataset, orinformation of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or dataset.5.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein a value of the segment number of the segment is wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.6.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine the model or dataset for model training by:determining a first segment number of the segment based on the hyper or sub segment number, a maximum hyper or sub segment number, and the segment number of the segment; andassembling the model or dataset for model training from a set of segments received from the set of first RRC messages based on the first segment number of each of the set of segments.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine the model or dataset for model training by:determining a first segment number of the segment based on one of the following:in accordance with a determination that the segment number and the extended segment number are comprised in the first RRC message, determining the extended segment number as the first segment number of the segment, orin accordance with a determination that the segment number is comprised in the first RRC message and the extended segment number is not comprised in the first RRC message, determining the segment number as the first segment number of the segment; andassembling the model or data set for model training from a set of segments received from the set of first RRC messages based on the first segment number of each of the set of segments.8.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device is performed during reception of the model or dataset, perform a first operation comprising at least one of the following:triggering, by a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the terminal device, a PDCP status report for the first SRB;performing a PDCP re-establishment procedure for the first SRB; orreporting, to the second network device by a RRC layer of the terminal device, first information indicating that not all segments associated with the model or dataset are transmitted to the terminal device.9.The terminal device of claim 8, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:perform, by a receiving PDCP entity of the terminal device during the PDCP re-establishment procedure, a second operation comprising at least one of the following:maintaining all stored PDCP service data units (SDUs) and PDCP protocol data units (PDUs) ;maintaining values of a state variable indicating a count value of a next PDCP SDU expected to be received and a state variable indicating a count value of a first PDCP SDU not delivered to upper layers; ormaintaining a timer for reordering.10.The terminal device of claim 8, wherein the first information comprises information of a last received first RRC message.11.The terminal device of claim 8, wherein the terminal device is caused to report the first information by:receiving, from the second network device, a configuration indicating the reporting of the first information; andreporting the first information based on reception of the configuration.12.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the configuration is not received by the terminal device, discard one or more stored segments received from the first network device.13.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that a RRC release message is received or the terminal device goes to an idle state, discard all received segments which are not assembled and forwarded to upper or lower layers;in accordance with a determination that a RRC release message with a suspend configuration is received, store one or more received segments which are not assembled and forwarded to the upper or lower layers; orin accordance with a determination that the terminal device receives a RRC message including an indication of a full configuration which triggers the terminal device to perform a full configuration procedure, discard all received and stored segments which are not assembled and forwarded to the upper or lower layers.14.A first network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first network device to:transmit, to a terminal device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first radio resource control (RRC) messages using a first signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment,version identity (ID) information associated with the set of first RRC messages, oran indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset.15.The first network device of claim 14, wherein the segment is a part of the model or dataset for model training, orwherein the segment is a part of a second RRC message comprising the model or dataset for model training.16.The first network device of claim 15, wherein the version ID information comprises at least one of the following:a model ID which identifies the model,a dataset ID which identifies the dataset, oran ID which identifies the second RRC message.17.The first network device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first RRC message or the second RRC message comprises meta information associated with the model or dataset for model training, the meta information comprising at least one of the following:information of a functionality of the model,information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or dataset, orinformation of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or dataset.18.The first network device of claim 14, wherein a value of the segment number of the segment is wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.19.The first network device of claim 14, wherein the first network device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device is performed by the terminal device during transmission of the model or dataset, transmit, to the second network device, second information comprising at least one of the following:a downlink packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) sequence number (SN) transmitter status associated with the first SRB;one or more downlink data packets of the first SRB;third information indicating that not all segments associated with the model or dataset are transmitted to the terminal device; orone or more segments or first RRC messages which are unsuccessfully transmitted to the terminal device by the first network device, or the model or dataset.20.The first network device of claim 19, wherein the third information comprises at least one of the following:information associated with a last first RRC message; orinformation associated with a next first RRC message.21.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:transmit, to a first network device, a model or collected data via a set of third radio resource control (RRC) messages using a second signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment, orversion identity (ID) information associated with the set of third RRC messages.22.The terminal device of claim 21, wherein the segment is a part of the model or collected data, orwherein the segment is a part of a fourth RRC message comprising the model or collected data.23.The terminal device of claim 22, wherein the version ID information comprises at least one of the following:a model ID which identifies the model,a dataset ID which identifies the collected data, oran ID which identifies the fourth RRC message.24.The terminal device of claim 22, wherein at least one of the third RRC message or the fourth RRC message comprises meta information associated with the model or collected data, the meta information comprising at least one of the following:information of a functionality of the model,information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or collected data, orinformation of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or collected data.25.The terminal device of claim 21, wherein a value of the segment number of the segment is wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.26.The terminal device of claim 21, wherein the terminal device is further caused to at least one of the following:set the hyper segment number to zero for a first segment; orin accordance with a determination that a segment number of a subsequent segment is equal to or larger than a maximum segment number, or is wrapped around back to zero, increment the hyper segment number by 1 for the subsequent segment.27.The terminal device of claim 21, wherein the terminal device is further caused to at least one of the following:set the sub segment number to zero for a first segment;increment the sub segment number by 1 for a subsequent segment; orin accordance with a determination that the sub segment number of the subsequent segment is equal to or larger than a maximum sub segment number, set a value of the sub segment number as wrapped around back to zero, and increment the segment number by 1.28.The terminal device of claim 21, wherein the terminal device is further caused to at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that number of segments is larger than or equal to a maximum value, cause the segment number set to be a default value and the extended segment number to be included in the third RRC message; orin accordance with a determination that number of segments is smaller than or equal to the maximum value, cause the extended segment number to be not included in the third RRC message.29.The terminal device of claim 21, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device is performed during transmission of the model or collected data, perform a third operation comprising at least one of the following:retransmitting, to the second network device, the model or collected data in a further set of third RRC messages; orperforming a PDCP re-establishment procedure for the second SRB.30.The terminal device of claim 29, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:perform, by a transmitting PDCP entity of the terminal device during the PDCP re-establishment procedure, a fourth operation comprising at least one of the following:maintaining a value of a state variable indicating a count value of a next PDCP service data unit (SDU) to be transmitted; orperforming, from a first PDCP SDU for which successful delivery of a corresponding PDCP data PDU has not been confirmed by lower layers, a retransmission or transmission of all PDCP SDUs already associated with PDCP sequence numbers (SNs) in an ascending order of count values associated to the PDCP SDUs prior to PDCP re-establishment.31.A first network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first network device to:receive, from a terminal device, a model or collected data via a set of third radio resource control (RRC) messages using a second signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment, orversion identity (ID) information associated with the set of third RRC messages.32.The first network device of claim 31, wherein the segment is a part of the model or collected data, orwherein the segment is a part of a fourth RRC message comprising the model or collected data.33.The first network device of claim 32, wherein the version ID information comprises at least one of the following:a model ID which identifies the model,a dataset ID which identifies the collected data, oran ID which identifies the fourth RRC message.34.The first network device of claim 32, wherein at least one of the third RRC message or the fourth RRC message comprises meta information associated with the model or collected data, the meta information comprising at least one of the following:information of a functionality of the model,information of a network side additional condition associated with the model or collected data, orinformation of a terminal device side additional condition associated with the model or collected data.35.The first network device of claim 31, wherein a value of the segment number of the segment is wrapped around based on a maximum segment number.36.The first network device of claim 31, wherein the first network device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a mobility procedure, a RRC resume procedure or a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards a second network device is performed by the terminal device during reception of the model or collected data, transmit, to the second network device, fourth information comprising at least one of the following:an uplink packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) sequence number (SN) receiver status associated with the second SRB;one or more uplink data packets of the second SRB;fifth information indicating that not all segments associated with the model or collected data are received from the terminal device; orone or more segments or third RRC messages received from the terminal device.37.The first network device of claim 36, wherein the fifth information comprises at least one of the following:information associated with a last third RRC message; orinformation associated with a next third RRC message.38.A method of communication at a terminal device, comprising:receiving, from a first network device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first radio resource control (RRC) messages using a first signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment,version identity (ID) information associated with the set of first RRC messages, oran indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset; anddetermining the model or dataset for model training based at least on the segment and the information of the segment.39.A method of communication at a first network device, comprising:transmitting, to a terminal device, a model or dataset for model training via a set of first radio resource control (RRC) messages using a first signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a first RRC message in the set of first RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or dataset for model training and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment,version identity (ID) information associated with the set of first RRC messages, oran indication indicating that the first RRC message is for a transmission of the model or dataset.40.A method of communication at a terminal device, comprising:transmitting, to a first network device, a model or collected data via a set of third radio resource control (RRC) messages using a second signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment, orversion identity (ID) information associated with the set of third RRC messages.41.A method of communication at a first network device, comprising:receiving, from a terminal device, a model or collected data via a set of third radio resource control (RRC) messages using a second signaling radio bearer (SRB) , a third RRC message in the set of third RRC messages comprising a segment associated with the model or collected data and information of the segment, the information of the segment comprising at least one of the following:an indication of whether the segment is a first or last segment,a segment number of the segment,a hyper or sub segment number of the segment,an extended segment number of the segment, orversion identity (ID) information associated with the set of third RRC messages.