Wireless communication methods of transmission enhancement, user equipment, and base station
By employing multiple transmission beams and flexible uplink channel configurations, the downlink coverage issues in NTN are addressed, enhancing PRACH and PDSCH transmissions and reducing access latency in Non-Terrestrial Networks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN TCL NEW-TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Downlink coverage remains a challenge in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) due to power sharing across multiple beams, leading to reduced coverage and communication stability, particularly for channels like PDCCH, Msg2, and Msg4 PDSCH, and there is a need for enhanced uplink data transmission and reduced access latency.
Implementing multiple transmission beams for PRACH, configuring multiple uplink channels, and reporting UE capabilities to support enhanced PRACH, Msg3/5, and Msg4 PDSCH transmissions, along with flexible SUL channel configurations and beam indications to improve coverage and reduce latency.
Enhances downlink coverage, reduces access latency, and improves uplink data transmission capabilities by optimizing PRACH and PDSCH channels through multiple beam and channel configurations, addressing the limitations of existing NTN systems.
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Figure CN2025073770_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHODS OF TRANSMISSION ENHANCEMENT, USER EQUIPMENT, AND BASE STATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication methods of transmission enhancement, a user equipment (UE) , and a base station.BACKGROUND
[0002] In wireless communication systems, enhancing coverage in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) has become a focus in the evolution of communication technologies. During the RAN-P #104 meeting, the NTN enhancement work item for Release-19 (Rel-19) was approved to address coverage bottlenecks caused by satellite power sharing across multiple beams. Previous Releases 17 and 18 introduced uplink (UL) coverage enhancements, which may reduce access latency and improve transmission reliability. However, downlink (DL) coverage remains a challenge. As satellite systems aim to support more simultaneous active beams to expand service areas, the power per beam decreases, further impacting coverage and communication stability. Therefore, further study and optimization are required to address DL coverage bottlenecks, ensuring efficient NTN deployment and stable communication performance.
[0003] Therefore, there is a need for wireless communication method of transmission enhancement, a user equipment (UE) , and a base station.SUMMARY
[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to propose wireless communication method of transmission enhancement, a user equipment (UE) , and a base station, which can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , includes: determining, by the UE, multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions; transmitting, to a base station, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the determined multiple transmission beams or the multiple PRACH transmissions using multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams; receiving an indication from a base station regarding an optimal transmission beam; and transmitting, to the base station, subsequent transmissions of the multiple PRACH transmissions using the optimal transmission beam.
[0006] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , includes: receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; and determining, by the UE, an uplink (UL) channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting a UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure or a UL channel, wherein upon satisfying a UL channel selection condition, a corresponding UL channel is used or determined to transmit the UL information or the UL channel.
[0007] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , includes: receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; wherein: a DCI is used to indicate a transmission power control for a set of UEs; and a starting position of a block is indicated by the base station, where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers.
[0008] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , includes: reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use multiple uplink (UL) channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across UL channels; and receiving, from the base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell.
[0009] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, a message 3 (Msg3) , a message 5 (Msg5) , a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of a message 4 (Msg4) , a repetition of a message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a Msg2 scheduling, a Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for a Msg4 scheduling; and receiving, from the base station, a Msg2 with or without repetition, a scheduled Msg 2 PDCCH, Msg2, Msg4, or a scheduled Msg4 PDCCH.
[0010] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , an indication of multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions; receiving, from the UE, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the indicated multiple transmission beams or multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams; determining an optimal transmission beam based on the multiple PRACH transmissions received from the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the optimal transmission beam for subsequent transmissions.
[0011] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station, comprising: configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; transmitting the configuration to the UE; and receiving, from the UE, an indication of an uplink (UL) channel selected from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure, wherein the UL channel is determined based on a UL channel selection condition.
[0012] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting a configuration to a user equipment (UE) that includes one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; indicating, via downlink control information (DCI) , transmission power control (TPC) commands for a set of UEs; and indicating a starting position of a block where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers.
[0013] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station (BS) , comprising: configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , a normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell, wherein the BS transmits a configuration message to the UE indicating the capability to use the NUL and the SUL channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across the configured uplink channels.
[0014] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station (BS) , comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration message indicating a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, message 3 (Msg3) , message 5 (Msg5) , hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of message 4 (Msg4) , repetition of message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for Msg2 scheduling, Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a UE includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The UE is configured to perform the above method.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a base station includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The base station is configured to perform the above method.
[0017] In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.
[0018] In a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method.
[0019] In a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0020] In a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0021] In a seventeenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art more clearly, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0023] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one or more user equipments (UEs) and a base station of communication in a communication network system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 2A is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 2B is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 2C is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 3A is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 3B is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 3C is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 4A is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 4B is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4C is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 5A is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 5B is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 5C is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 6A is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 6B is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 6C is a flowchart illustrating wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating mapping rules between Tx beams and multiple PRACH transmissions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating Tx beam mapping to a set of consecutive ROs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating Tx beam mapping to a set of non-consecutive ROs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating Tx beam mapping to a set of non-consecutive ROs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating Tx beam indication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating MAC RAR is used for UL channel indication for Msg3 transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the frequency starting point of RAR is used to indicate the UL index for Msg3 transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the time domain starting point of RAR is used to indicate the UL index for Msg3 transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating connected more than one SUL’s frequency resource as an entity according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the repetition number of Msg4 PDSCH indicated by the starting point of PDCCH according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating repetition number of Msg4 PDSCH indicated by the starting point of PDCCH in time and frequency domain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0052] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.
[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, such as a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS) , a long term evolution (LTE) system, a LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, a LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, an advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a new radio (NR) system, an evolution system of a NR system, a LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, a NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, an universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) , a global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, wireless local area networks (WLAN) , wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) , a future 5th generation (5G) system (may also be called a new radio (NR) system) , a 6G system or other communication systems, etc.
[0054] Optionally, a network such as a base station mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can provide a communication coverage for a specific geographic area and can communicate with a user equipment (UE) located in the coverage area. Optionally, the base station may be a gNB, a base transceiver station (BTS) in the GSM or in the CDMA system, or may be a NodeB (NB) in the WCDMA system, or may be an evolutional Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in the LTE system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) .
[0055] A user equipment (UE) may refer to an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device. The access terminal may be a cellular radio telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) telephone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a handheld device with wireless communication functions, a computing device, other processing devices coupled with a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future 5G network, a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN) , etc.
[0056] Optionally, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum may also be considered as a shared spectrum; or the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to a licensed spectrum, where the licensed spectrum can also be considered an unshared spectrum.
[0057] In the RAN-P #104 meeting, NTN enhancements are approved for Rel-19. One of objectives of this work item is to study potential coverage bottleneck channels and corresponding enhancements, as detailed below.
[0058] Firstly, the study aims to determine whether it is beneficial to implement downlink coverage enhancements by supporting additional reference satellite payload parameters for both GSO and NGSO constellations operating in FR1-NTN or FR2-NTN. These parameters may consider power sharing among satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns / sizes (e.g., wide or narrow) across the satellite footprint. Due to limited power and feeder link bandwidth, some satellite beams may not be simultaneously active or may operate below the nominal EIRP density per beam, as referenced in Section 6.1.1 of TR 38.821.
[0059] Secondly, the study seeks to define power-sharing assumptions and establish the necessary link-level and system-level evaluation methodologies, along with relevant KPIs for assessing coverage. This may help identify which physical channels or signals, as well as system-level aspects, require enhancements, and determine the improvements needed to address the identified bottlenecks.
[0060] Additionally, RAN1 is tasked with studying and, if necessary, specifying solutions. These include link-level enhancements for FR1-NTN (e.g., PDCCH and PDSCH) and system-level enhancements for both FR1-NTN and FR2-NTN. The proposed solutions may enable dynamic and flexible power sharing between satellite beams or different beam patterns / sizes. RAN1 must report the list of targeted physical channels / signals for link-level enhancements and the targeted system-level enhancements by RAN#106. Furthermore, RAN1 may assess the impact of potential SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) periodicity extensions on backward compatibility and provide a report by the same deadline.
[0061] It is important to note that enhancements to the SSB channel, apart from SSB periodicity extension, are not within the scope of this study. For the periodicity extension, RAN1 may consider issues such as UE cell search complexity, initial cell selection latency, and success rates. The SSB periodicity enhancements defined in this Work Item Description (WID) will only apply to NTN operations.
[0062] Regarding assumptions, it is proposed that the UE antenna gain for FR1-NTN be set at -5.5 dBi for smartphones, with the UE assumed to support full-duplex operation and to have at least 2Rx. The study may prioritize NGSO (non-geostationary satellite orbit) systems, particularly the LEO Set-1 constellation at 600 km. Additionally, Rel-18 network energy-saving techniques should serve as a baseline for system-level studies.
[0063] This work item aims to provide technical support and performance improvements for NTN operations by addressing coverage bottlenecks and proposing relevant enhancements to ensure the future success of non-terrestrial networks.
[0064] For FR1, NR can be deployed either in newly allocated spectrums, such as 3.5 GHz, or in spectrums re-farmed from legacy networks, such as 3G and 4G. In both cases, coverage is a critical issue, considering that these spectrums will most likely handle mobile services such as voice and low-rate data services.
[0065] For FR2, coverage is not thoroughly evaluated during the self-evaluation campaign toward the IMT-2020 submission and is not considered in the Rel-16 enhancements. In this regard, a comprehensive understanding of NR coverage performance is important, particularly when taking into account the support of the latest NR specifications. Therefore, in Rel-17 and Rel-18, coverage enhancements for the uplink (UL) channel have been studied. NR coverage has been extended for some of the bottleneck channels identified in Rel-17, specifically for PUSCH, PUCCH, and Msg3. Additionally, in Rel-18, multiple PRACH transmissions using the same transmission beam are introduced to enhance PRACH coverage performance.
[0066] In the current specification, up to two UL channels (e.g., a Normal Uplink (NUL) and a Supplementary Uplink (SUL) ) can be configured within a serving cell or a cell. The center frequency of NUL is usually higher than that of SUL, and the frequency bandwidth part of NUL is also larger than that of SUL. Within the configured UL channels, a UE can use one UL channel for random access and data transmission.
[0067] In Rel-17, several UL coverage enhancements are specified. These include PUSCH repetition, DMRS bundling for joint channel estimation for PUSCH, and TB processing over multiple slots for PUSCH. Msg3 PUSCH with repetition is also adopted, where the number of repetitions for Msg3 PUSCH is indicated by the base station through the 2 MSB bits of the MCS field within an RAR UL grant.
[0068] In Rel-18, enhancements for PUSCH and PRACH are continuously being discussed. Multiple PRACH transmissions using the same beam have been standardized, with the repetition number for PRACH transmissions being one of {1, 2, 4, 8} . RACH Occasions (ROs) with the same frequency-domain resource and different time-domain resources can be used for these multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0069] In the current specification, up to two UL channels (e.g., a Normal Uplink (NUL) and a Supplementary Uplink (SUL) ) can be configured within a cell or serving cell. The center frequency of NUL is usually higher than that of SUL, and the frequency bandwidth of NUL is also typically larger than that of SUL. A UE can use one UL channel from the configured UL channels for random access and data transmission. Additionally, during the random access procedure, the same UL channel must be used by the UE, which limits the flexibility of the UE for random access and increases access latency.
[0070] In Rel-18, UL coverage enhancements have been specified as part of NR NTN enhancements, such as repetition and DMRS bundling for joint channel estimation. However, during the study phase of coverage evaluation for NR NTN in Rel-18, link-level evaluations identified UL coverage bottlenecks for a set of channels. These evaluations, however, did not consider the impact of DL satellite power splitting among multiple DL satellite beams. The reduction in power due to beam splitting is closely related to the specific deployment scenario. A satellite supporting more simultaneous active beams can cover a larger service area but will experience a corresponding reduction in transmission power for each individual beam, which results in a lower per-beam SNR.
[0071] Therefore, when power splitting is taken into account, there is also a need to enhance DL coverage. To verify this requirement, a study phase at the RAN1 level is necessary, taking into account DL satellite power splitting to investigate practical deployment scenarios, DL coverage margins, and the target DL channels or signals that require coverage enhancements.
[0072] In Rel-19, potential DL coverage bottleneck channels have been identified. These include common PDCCH for SIB1, SIB19, Msg2, and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling. However, further evaluation is required to confirm whether these channels are indeed coverage bottleneck channels. If certain DL channels are identified as bottleneck channels, detailed solutions for improving coverage capabilities may need to be studied further.
[0073] For Multiple PRACH Transmissions with More than One Tx Beam, How to Indicate a Tx Beam for Msg3 / Msg5 Transmission.
[0074] In Rel-17 and Rel-18, some UL channels have been identified as coverage bottlenecks, such as PUSCH, PUCCH, Msg3, and PRACH. According to the evaluation results in TR 38.830, in the rural 4 GHz TDD NLOS O2I scenario with an ISD of 1732m -which represents the worst coverage scenario in FR1 -the penetration loss from outdoor to indoor (O2I) poses a significant challenge. The performance gap for PRACH B4, based on the maximum path loss (MPL) from the target value, is -5.72 dB.
[0075] As shown in TR 38.830, performing two or four PRACH transmissions with the same transmission beam at 4 GHz in an urban scenario results in gains of approximately 3.7 dB and 5.2 dB, respectively. In a rural scenario at 2 GHz, a gain of 2 dB is observed when performing two PRACH transmissions with different transmission beams. Compared to the PRACH B4 gap, eight repetitions are sufficient to enhance PRACH coverage in FR1. However, in FR2, the performance gap for PRACH B4 from the target value is about -20.3 dB, which indicates that relying solely on multiple PRACH transmissions is insufficient to achieve adequate coverage.
[0076] A UE that meets the beam correspondence requirement through Tx beam sweeping may not always identify the optimal UL Tx beam based on the DL Rx beam. Therefore, UL beam sweeping is necessary. Enabling multiple PRACH transmissions with different Tx beams allows UEs to efficiently perform UL beam sweeping and access the network. When this is combined with baseline multiple PRACH transmissions using different Tx beams, a more homogeneous UL coverage can be achieved across the cell during random access, regardless of the UE’s capabilities.
[0077] To further improve the coverage capability for Msg3 / Msg5 and HARQ-ACK PUCCH for Msg4 / MsgB, a Tx beam indication for subsequent UL transmissions is required, such as beam indication for Msg3 and Msg5 transmissions. Thus, enabling multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam and providing finer Tx beam indications to UEs would be beneficial.
[0078] The at least one of following two sub-issues need to be addressed.
[0079] When multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam are enabled, how to indicate the Tx beam of a PRACH transmission to the UE needs further study. In this context, the indicated Tx beam of a PRACH transmission (also referred to as the Tx beam) is identified as the one that delivers the highest RSRP / RSRQ / SNR among all beams used in the multiple PRACH transmissions or one with an RSRP / RSRQ / SNR value that exceeds a predefined threshold, as received by the base station.
[0080] How can the base station and the UE achieve a consistent understanding or interpretation of the Tx beam / Tx beam index?
[0081] When multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels are configured within a cell or serving cell, how to indicate one or more SUL channels to a UE needs to be addressed.
[0082] In the current specification, a serving cell can be configured with up to two UL channels: one channel is the normal uplink (NUL) , and the other is the supplementary uplink (SUL) . The candidate SUL bands are shown in Table 1A (as defined in TS 38.101) .
[0083] Table 1A: NR SUL operating bands.
[0084] Based on Table 1A, it is evident that some spectrum currently utilized by LTE can also be configured as SUL for NR. However, the spectrum allocated for these bands is relatively limited. As a result, a single SUL band may not fully meet the rapidly increasing uplink usage demanded by operators, particularly in scenarios involving large packet sizes and low latency. This is especially relevant in next-generation wireless communication systems, such as immersive communication in 6G and XR applications in 5G. These scenarios require both low latency and high uplink capacity to ensure seamless performance. For instance, as agreed in RAN1 meetings for Rel-17, the air interface packet delay budget (PDB) for the downlink video stream has been specified as 10 ms for VR / AR applications and 15 ms for CG applications. This highlights the importance of enhanced uplink configurations to address the growing demands of future communication systems.
[0085] The mean packet size of XR services is very large. Taking AR / VR at 60 Mbps as an example, the mean packet size is 125,000 bytes. This is significantly different from the packet sizes in Rel-15 / 16 URLLC or eMBB services. For URLLC, one of the biggest challenges is latency, without the need to consider both latency and a high data rate simultaneously. For eMBB, the primary challenge is achieving a high transmission data rate, without the additional constraint of low latency. However, for XR services, all three requirements -high transmission data rate, low latency, and high reliability -must be satisfied simultaneously.
[0086] These requirements are similar to those of 6G immersive services, which are more demanding compared to NR. For instance, the required air interface latency is expected to be less than 1 ms, the required reliability must be greater than or equal to 99.9999%, and the required data rate must exceed x Gbps, where x is an integer. Meeting all these requirements simultaneously is extremely challenging, and relying on a single SUL to support such stringent demands is difficult.
[0087] One potential approach to address this issue is based on carrier aggregation (CA) . In Rel-18, NR CA configurations specify the use of two SUL band combinations -that is, two SUL bands across two cells, combined with other TDD NR bands. However, due to the current restriction that one serving cell can only configure one SUL carrier, utilizing two SUL bands requires the UE to support two-carrier DL CA capability. To reduce the complexity of DL CA while maximizing the utilization of SUL bands, decoupling DL CA from SUL usage should be considered.
[0088] Therefore, supporting more than two SUL bands within a single serving cell should be explored in the future, particularly for 5G-Advanced, 6G, or next-generation wireless communication systems.
[0089] In addition, with the increasing number of UEs in future wireless communication systems (e.g., next-generation wireless communication or 6G) , a set of uplink channels with repetition will be needed to improve coverage capability. For instance, physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission with repetition has been supported in Rel-18, with the maximum number of repetitions reaching up to eight. Compared to UEs without repetition, this means eight times more RACH resources will be required for enhanced UEs. Similarly, Msg3 PUSCH transmission with repetition has been supported in Rel-17, with the maximum number of repetitions also up to eight. This means that, for UEs with enhanced Msg3 PUSCH repetition, eight times more Msg3 PUSCH resources will be required compared to UEs without repetition.
[0090] As a result, the collision probability for uplink channels during the random access procedure will increase significantly, potentially leading to greater random access latency for UEs. To address this issue, providing more uplink resources for initial access or random access is a straightforward solution. Therefore, configuring multiple SULs within a cell or serving cell can be considered, particularly in 5G-Advanced, 6G, or next-generation wireless communication systems.
[0091] Furthermore, since some spectrum currently utilized by LTE can also be configured as SUL for NR, situations may arise where the same band is used for both NR and LTE services within the same time window or simultaneously. In such cases, the base station must avoid collisions between LTE and NR transmissions through scheduling mechanisms. However, this limits scheduling flexibility and can result in service drops or postponed services. To mitigate this issue, the most straightforward solution is to configure more than one SUL channel within a cell or serving cell and allow the base station to flexibly schedule the SULs for NR or next-generation wireless radio communications.
[0092] Based on the analysis above, configuring more than one SUL channel within a cell or serving cell is a suitable approach to address uplink resource limitations, avoid collisions between LTE and NR, enhance system capability, reduce access latency, and minimize collisions during the random access procedure. When more than one SUL is supported within a serving cell, the at least one of following issues need further study:
[0093] For SRS power control, when more than one SUL is configured within a cell or serving cell, it is necessary to study how to design detailed signaling to avoid ambiguity between the UE and the base station regarding SRS power control.
[0094] For random access, it needs to be studied how to determine the resources for Msg1 and MsgA transmissions to a UE when multiple SULs are configured within a serving cell or cell.
[0095] To provide flexible access resources to a UE during the random access procedure, flexible uplink resources can be utilized for UL transmissions. How to indicate these UL resources to the UE requires further study.
[0096] How to configure and enable more than one SUL for data transmission to a UE needs to be studied. For example, whether to permit only one SUL for UL transmission, more than one SUL for data transmission, or a combination of more than one SUL and a normal uplink (NUL) for UL data transmission should be explored. Additionally, the impact on DCI size when more than one SUL is configured within a serving cell must be examined.
[0097] How to Reduce the Signaling Overhead for UE Capability Reporting and Enhance the Coverage Capability for Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH.
[0098] In Rel-18, uplink coverage enhancements have been specified as part of NR NTN enhancements, including repetition and Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) bundling for joint channel estimation. During the NR NTN Rel-18 study phase, link-level evaluations identified a set of uplink channels as coverage bottlenecks. However, the evaluation assumptions did not consider the downlink (DL) satellite power split among multiple satellite beams, which significantly affects DL coverage. The reduction in transmission power due to beam splitting is directly related to the satellite deployment configuration. A satellite that supports more simultaneous active beams can serve a larger area but will also experience more power reduction per beam, leading to a lower per-beam signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . For example, based on TR 38.821, the maximum beam footprint size for LEO-based NTN, regardless of the elevation angle, is 1000 km, and the satellite beam diameter at the S-band for LEO-600 is 50 km. Using this data, the beam diameter (D) can be calculated as approximately 43.3 km, and the number of required beams (N) to cover a footprint of 1710 km is approximately 40 beams, resulting in a total of 1058 beams across the maximum beam footprint. This beam split would cause more than a 30 dB power reduction relative to the total power for each beam, making DL channels a coverage bottleneck that requires enhancement.
[0099] Potential DL coverage bottleneck channels in NTN include at least one of the following: PDCCH for SIB1, Msg2, Msg4, and SIB19 scheduling; Msg4 PDSCH; Msg2 PDSCH; SIB1; SIB19; and Msg5 PUSCH. To enhance the DL coverage, one of the most straightforward approaches is to enable PDCCH repetition for these channels. Similar to PDCCH repetition, repetition can also be applied to the PDSCH channels for SIB1, Msg2, Msg4, and SIB19, as well as to Msg5 PUSCH. Additionally, joint channel estimation should be considered when these channels are enabled with repetition. For this to be effective, the base station needs to know the UE’s capability for handling repetition and DMRS bundling for SIB1, Msg2, Msg4, SIB19, and Msg5 PDSCH / PUSCH channels. The UE must report its capabilities to the base station; otherwise, the base station will be unable to configure repetition transmissions for the corresponding channels, which would result in low DL coverage capability. Furthermore, when the UE supports Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH with repetition, it is important to study how to indicate the number of repetitions required for Msg4 PDSCH to optimize the coverage enhancement process.
[0100] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the property of uplink (UL) channels, such as capacity and latency, which are factors that operators consider when commercializing cellular communication networks due to their direct impact on service quality, capital expenditure (CAPEX) , and operational expenditure (OPEX) . NR supports a wide range of spectrum across different frequency ranges, and it is anticipated that there will be an increasing availability of spectrum in the market for 5G Advanced and 6G, possibly due to re-farming of bands originally used for previous cellular generations.
[0101] Particularly for low-frequency FR1 bands, the available spectrum blocks tend to be more fragmented and scattered, with narrower bandwidths. In contrast, for FR2 bands and some FR1 bands, the available spectrum can be wider, making multiple UL channel operations necessary. To meet varying spectrum demands, it is crucial to ensure that these scattered spectrum bands or wider bandwidths are utilized in a more spectral-and power-efficient manner to provide higher throughput and reliable coverage within the network.
[0102] One motivation is to increase flexibility and spectral / power efficiency in scheduling data across multiple UL channels. With more available scattered spectrum bands or wider bandwidths, the need for simultaneous scheduling of more than one UL channel is expected to increase.
[0103] Coverage is one of the factors that operators consider when commercializing cellular communication networks due to its direct impact on service quality, as well as capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) . Despite the importance of coverage in the success of NR commercialization, a thorough coverage evaluation and comparison with legacy radio access technologies (RATs) , considering all NR specification details, has not been conducted to date.
[0104] Compared to LTE, New Radio (NR) is designed to operate at much higher frequencies, such as 28 GHz or 39 GHz in FR2. Additionally, many countries are making more spectrum available in FR1, such as the 3.5 GHz band, which typically operates at higher frequencies than LTE or 3G. Due to these higher frequencies, the wireless channel inevitably experiences higher path loss, making it more challenging to maintain adequate quality of service (QoS) that is at least equal to that of legacy RATs.
[0105] One mobile application of particular importance is voice service, for which a typical subscriber will always expect ubiquitous coverage, regardless of location. For FR1, NR can be deployed either in newly allocated spectrum, such as the 3.5 GHz band, or in spectrum re-farmed from legacy networks, such as 3G and 4G. In both cases, coverage will be a critical issue, especially since these spectrum bands are likely to handle mobile services such as voice and low-rate data services.
[0106] For FR2, coverage was not thoroughly evaluated during the self-evaluation campaign for the IMT-2020 submission and was not considered in Rel-16 enhancements. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of NR coverage performance is necessary, taking into account the latest NR specifications. The objective of coverage evaluation is to study potential coverage enhancement solutions for specific scenarios in both FR1 and FR2 bands.
[0107] Some embodiments of the disclosures relate to wireless communication systems, particularly focusing on coverage enhancement and performance improvement for uplink (UL) transmission.
[0108] Multiple PRACH Transmissions with Different Beams.
[0109] To further improve the coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, the use of multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam is proposed. When more than one Tx beam is enabled at the UE side for multiple PRACH transmissions, a methodology to determine the number of Tx beams is introduced. Additionally, to enhance the coverage capability of subsequent UL transmissions during the random access procedure, a mapping rule between Tx beams and ROs (Random Access Opportunities) for multiple PRACH transmissions is defined. Furthermore, the method for indicating the Tx beam to the UE is also proposed.
[0110] Multiple SULs Configured Within a Cell / Serving Cell.
[0111] To address at least one of the issues in the above, multiple UL channels (including one normal uplink (NUL) and more than one supplementary uplink (SUL) ) can be configured within a cell or serving cell. When more than one SUL is configured within a cell or serving cell, a methodology for determining which UL channel the UE should use to transmit UL data or signaling during the initial access procedure is proposed.
[0112] Additionally, for data transmission (e.g., when the UE is in an RRC connected state) , methods for indicating the SUL (s) to the UE and a detailed common PDCCH design for SRS power control when more than one SUL is configured within a serving cell are proposed. Moreover, techniques for handling transport blocks (TB) across UL channels for retransmission, HARQ-ID determination between two UL channels within a serving cell, PUSCH processing time when more than one UL / SUL channel with different subcarrier spacing (SCS) is configured, and PUSCH frequency hopping across multiple UL channels are also proposed.
[0113] Combination of UE Capability Reporting and Unified Coverage Enhancement Solutions for Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH.
[0114] To address at least one of the issues analyzed in the above, a solution is proposed where more than one UE capability can be reported to the base station via Msg1 and / or Msg3 simultaneously. Additionally, a methodology for indicating the repetition number for Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH is introduced to further enhance coverage performance.
[0115] Multiple PRACH Transmissions with Different Beams.
[0116] To further improve the coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, the use of multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam is proposed. In this way, the coverage capability of PRACH transmissions can be significantly enhanced. Additionally, the mapping rule between Tx beams and ROs (Random Access Opportunities) for multiple PRACH transmissions is defined, and the method for indicating the Tx beam to the UE is also proposed. By applying these methods, the coverage capability for subsequent UL transmissions after PRACH during the random access procedure can be further improved.
[0117] Multiple SULs Configured Within a Cell / Serving Cell.
[0118] To address at least one of the issues analyzed in the above, multiple UL channels (including one normal uplink (NUL) and more than one supplementary uplink (SUL) ) can be configured within a cell or serving cell. When more than one SUL is configured, a methodology for determining which UL channel the UE should use to transmit UL data or signaling during the initial access procedure is proposed.
[0119] Furthermore, for data transmission (e.g., when the UE is in an RRC connected state) , methods for indicating the SUL (s) to the UE and a detailed common PDCCH design for SRS power control when more than one SUL is configured within a serving cell are proposed. Additionally, techniques for handling transport blocks (TB) across UL channels for retransmission, HARQ-ID determination between two UL channels within a serving cell, PUSCH processing time when more than one UL / SUL channel with different subcarrier spacing (SCS) is configured, and PUSCH frequency hopping across multiple UL channels are also introduced.
[0120] By configuring more than one SUL channel within a cell or serving cell, scheduling flexibility can be improved, collisions between LTE and NR can be avoided, and UL data transmission capability can be enhanced. Additionally, this approach can help reduce access latency and avoid collisions during the random access procedure.
[0121] Combination of UE Capability Reporting and Unified Coverage Enhancement (CovE) Solutions for Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH.
[0122] To address at least one of the issues analyzed in the above, more than one UE capability can be reported to the base station via Msg1 and / or Msg3 simultaneously. Additionally, a methodology for indicating the repetition number of Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH is proposed.
[0123] By applying these methods, the coverage capability of Msg2 / Msg4 can be significantly improved. Furthermore, this approach can reduce signaling overhead and simplify the UE capability reporting process when more than one UE capability is supported simultaneously.
[0124] FIG. 1 illustrates that, in some embodiments, one or more user equipments (UEs) 10 and a base station 20 such as a base station (e.g., next generation NodeB (gNB) or eNB) of communication in a communication network system 30 (e.g., an NR system) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system 30 includes the one or more UEs 10 and the base station 20. The one or more UEs 10 may include a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a processor 11 coupled to the memory 12 and the transceiver 13. The base station 20 may include a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a processor 21 coupled to the memory 22 and the transceiver 23. The processor 11 or 21 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 11 or 21. The transceiver 13 or 23 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21, and the transceiver 13 or 23 transmits and / or receives a radio signal.
[0125] The processor 11 or 21 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 12 or 22 may include read-only memory (ROM) , random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 13 or 23 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 12 or 22 and executed by the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 can be implemented within the processor 11 or 21 or external to the processor 11 or 21 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 11 or 21 via various means as is known in the art.
[0126] In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to determining, by the UE, multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions; transmitting, to a base station, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the determined multiple transmission beams or the multiple PRACH transmissions using multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams; receiving an indication from a base station regarding an optimal transmission beam; and transmitting, to the base station, subsequent transmissions of the multiple PRACH transmissions using the optimal transmission beam.
[0127] In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; and determining, by the UE, an uplink (UL) channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting a UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure or a UL channel, wherein upon satisfying a UL channel selection condition, a corresponding UL channel is used or determined to transmit the UL information or the UL channel.
[0128] In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; wherein: a DCI is used to indicate a transmission power control for a set of UEs; and a starting position of a block is indicated by the base station, where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers.
[0129] In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use multiple uplink (UL) channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across UL channels; and receiving, from the base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell.
[0130] In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, a message 3 (Msg3) , a message 5 (Msg5) , a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of a message 4 (Msg4) , a repetition of a message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a Msg2 scheduling, a Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for a Msg4 scheduling; and receiving, from the base station, a Msg2 with or without repetition, a scheduled Msg 2 PDCCH, Msg2, Msg4, or a scheduled Msg4 PDCCH.
[0131] This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0132] In some embodiments, the transceiver 23 is configured to transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , an indication of multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions; receiving, from the UE, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the indicated multiple transmission beams or multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams; determining an optimal transmission beam based on the multiple PRACH transmissions received from the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the optimal transmission beam for subsequent transmissions.
[0133] In some embodiments, the transceiver 23 is configured to configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; transmitting the configuration to the UE; and receiving, from the UE, an indication of an uplink (UL) channel selected from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure, wherein the UL channel is determined based on a UL channel selection condition.
[0134] In some embodiments, the transceiver 23 is configured to transmitting a configuration to a user equipment (UE) that includes one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; indicating, via downlink control information (DCI) , transmission power control (TPC) commands for a set of UEs; and indicating a starting position of a block where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers.
[0135] In some embodiments, the transceiver 23 is configured to configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , a normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell, wherein the BS transmits a configuration message to the UE indicating the capability to use the NUL and the SUL channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across the configured uplink channels.
[0136] In some embodiments, the transceiver 23 is configured to transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration message indicating a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, message 3 (Msg3) , message 5 (Msg5) , hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of message 4 (Msg4) , repetition of message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for Msg2 scheduling, Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling.
[0137] This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0138] FIG. 2A is an example of a wireless communication method 200A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 200A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 200A of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 200A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE includes: an operation 202A, determining, by the UE, multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions; an operation 204A, transmitting, to a base station, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the determined multiple transmission beams or the multiple PRACH transmissions using multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams; an operation 206A, receiving an indication from a base station regarding an optimal transmission beam; and an operation 208A, transmitting, to the base station, subsequent transmissions of the multiple PRACH transmissions using the optimal transmission beam. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0139] FIG. 2B is an example of a wireless communication method 200B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 200B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 200B of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 200B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station includes: an operation 202B, transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , an indication of multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions; an operation 204B, receiving, from the UE, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the indicated multiple transmission beams or multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams; an operation 206B, determining an optimal transmission beam based on the multiple PRACH transmissions received from the UE; and an operation 208B, transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the optimal transmission beam for subsequent transmissions. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0140] In some embodiments, the optimal transmission beam is determined based on a quality parameter, and the quality parameter comprises at least one of following parameters: a reference signal received power (RSRP) , a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , and / or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . In some embodiments, the indication comprises different random-access radio network temporary identifiers (RA-RNTIs) used to indicate different transmission beam indices or random access channel (RACH) sequence set indices. In some embodiments, one of the different RA-RNTIs is defined based on at least one of following parameters: a symbol index, a slot index, a frequency index, an uplink carrier identifier, and / or a transmission beam index, a random access occasion (RO) index, or a RACH sequence group index.
[0141] FIG. 2C is an example of a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2C illustrates that, in some embodiments, a Tx beam indication for Msg3 / Msg5 can be used when multiple PRACH transmissions with multiple beams are enabled.
[0142] Tx Beam Indication for Msg3 / Msg5 When Multiple PRACH Transmissions with Multiple Beams Are Enabled.
[0143] Multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam are determined at the base station side, and a Tx beam for a PRACH transmission can be indicated to the UE. Based on the proposed procedure, at least one of the following solution steps would be included.
[0144] In some examples, the base station determines that multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam are used at the UE side. This can be enabled based on an SSB-RSRP threshold, allowing the base station to trigger multiple PRACH transmissions when the threshold is met.
[0145] In some examples, the base station configures the necessary parameters or resources for multiple PRACH transmissions and the random access procedure. The number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions can be indicated via SIB1. A scale factor can be used to determine the number of Tx beams, where the number of Tx beams is equal to the scale factor multiplied by the number of multiple PRACH transmissions. The base station can also indicate the number of Tx beams based on the number of RACH sequence sets.
[0146] In some examples, the UE transmits multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam. A mapping rule between Tx beams and ROs (Random Access Opportunities) is proposed. The ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions can be split into N groups, with each group using the same Tx beam. The number of groups (N) is equal to the number of Tx beams. Each group of ROs can include one or more ROs, where the number of ROs within a group can be calculated as ceil (number of ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions / number of Tx beams) .
[0147] In some examples, the base station determines a Tx beam for subsequent transmissions during the random access procedure. The Tx beam of a PRACH transmission is identified as the one that delivers the highest RSRP / RSRQ / SNR among all beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions or one that meets a predefined threshold. These subsequent transmissions refer to the transmissions after Msg1 in the random access procedure.
[0148] In some examples, the base station indicates the Tx beam used for a PRACH transmission to the UE. This indication can be done in various ways: A field within the Random Access Response (RAR) message can be used to indicate the Tx beam index or the RACH sequence set index. Different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate different Tx beam indexes or RACH sequence set indexes. The RA-RNTI can be calculated using the following formula: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × Tx beam index. Alternatively, it can be calculated as: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × RACH sequence group index. Different DMRS sequences for RAR can also be used to indicate different Tx beam indexes or RACH sequence set indexes.
[0149] In some examples, the UE can use the indicated Tx beam to transmit the subsequent uplink transmissions after Msg1 during the random access procedure.
[0150] In summary, FIG. 2C illustrates a wireless communication method where Tx beam indications for Msg3 / Msg5 are utilized when multiple PRACH transmissions with multiple beams are enabled. Key solutions include enabling multiple PRACH transmissions based on SSB-RSRP thresholds, configuring Tx beam parameters via SIB1, mapping Tx beams to random access opportunities (ROs) , and determining the optimal Tx beam based on RSRP / RSRQ / SNR or predefined thresholds. The base station may indicate the Tx beam to the UE through RAR messages, RA-RNTI calculations, or DMRS sequences, allowing the UE to use the indicated Tx beam for subsequent uplink transmissions in the random access procedure. The proposed method provides at least one of several advantages, including enhanced transmission reliability through the use of optimal Tx beams, efficient resource allocation by mapping beams to random access opportunities, and improved communication performance by dynamically adapting to SSB-RSRP thresholds. Additionally, the flexibility in beam indication methods ensures compatibility with diverse deployment scenarios, supporting robust and efficient random access procedures.
[0151] FIG. 3A is an example of a wireless communication method 300A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 300A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 300A of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 300A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE includes: an operation 302A, receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; and an operation 304A, determining, by the UE, an uplink (UL) channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting a UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure or a UL channel, wherein upon satisfying a UL channel selection condition, a corresponding UL channel is used or determined to transmit the UL information or the UL channel. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0152] FIG. 3B is an example of a wireless communication method 300B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 300B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 300B of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 300B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station includes: an operation 302B, configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; transmitting the configuration to the UE; and an operation 304B, receiving, from the UE, an indication of an uplink (UL) channel selected from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure, wherein the UL channel is determined based on a UL channel selection condition. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0153] In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises transmitting, by the UE, a RACH sequence for a message 1 (Msg1) over a determined UL channel. In some embodiments, determining, by the UE, the UL channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting the UL information or the UL channel comprises: determining, by the UE, the UL channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting a RACH sequence based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signal received power (RSRP) or multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions.
[0154] FIG. 3C is an example of a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3C illustrates that, in some examples, a solution for Tx beam indication for PRACH transmissions can be determined at the UE side.
[0155] Multiple PRACH Transmissions with More than One Tx Beam Determined at the UE Side.
[0156] In this solution, multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam are determined at the UE side, and a Tx beam for a PRACH transmission can be indicated to the UE. This solution is similar to Solution #1 but focuses on the determination of Tx beams by the UE. Based on the proposed procedure, at least one of the following solution steps would be included.
[0157] In some examples, the base station configures the necessary parameters or resources for multiple PRACH transmissions. This ensures that the UE has the required configuration to perform multiple PRACH transmissions with different Tx beams.
[0158] In some examples, when multiple PRACH transmissions are used, the UE determines the number of Tx beams required. The number of Tx beams is equal to the number of PRACH transmissions. The UE then transmits multiple PRACH transmissions using more than one Tx beam.
[0159] In some examples, the base station determines the Tx beam to be used for subsequent transmissions during the random access procedure. The Tx beam of a PRACH transmission is identified as the one that delivers the highest RSRP / RSRQ / SNR among all beams used for the multiple PRACH transmissions or one that meets a predefined threshold. These subsequent transmissions refer to the transmissions after Msg1 in the random access procedure.
[0160] In some examples, the base station indicates the Tx beam used for a PRACH transmission to the UE. This can be done through several methods: A field within the Random Access Response (RAR) message can be used to indicate an RO (Random Access Opportunity) index within the ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions. Different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate an RO index. The RA-RNTI can be calculated using the following formula: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × RO_index. Different DMRS sequences for the RAR can also be used to indicate an RO index.
[0161] In some examples, once the Tx beam is indicated by the base station, the UE can use the specified Tx beam to transmit the subsequent uplink transmissions after Msg1 during the random access procedure.
[0162] FIG. 3C demonstrates a wireless communication method where the determination of Tx beams for PRACH transmissions is performed at the UE side. This solution allows the UE to dynamically configure and utilize multiple Tx beams for PRACH transmissions, with the base station providing necessary configurations and indicating optimal Tx beams for subsequent uplink transmissions. The method ensures efficient and adaptive communication during the random access procedure. This approach enhances system flexibility by empowering the UE to determine Tx beams, reduces reliance on base station-side calculations, and optimizes uplink transmission quality through the use of high-RSRP / RSRQ / SNR beams. It also ensures robust communication by leveraging dynamic resource allocation and multiple indication methods for seamless PRACH transmission.
[0163] FIG. 4A is an example of a wireless communication method 400A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 400A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 400A of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 400A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE includes: an operation 402A, receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; wherein: a DCI is used to indicate a transmission power control for a set of UEs; and a starting position of a block is indicated by the base station, where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0164] FIG. 4B is an example of a wireless communication method 400B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 400B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 400B of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 400B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station includes: an operation 402B, transmitting a configuration to a user equipment (UE) that includes one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; an operation 404B, indicating, via downlink control information (DCI) , transmission power control (TPC) commands for a set of UEs; and an operation 406B, indicating a starting position of a block where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0165] FIG. 4C is an example of a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4C illustrates that, in some examples, multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels can be configured within a cell or serving cell, and methods for indicating one or more SULs to a UE are proposed.
[0166] How to Indicate One or More SULs to a UE When Multiple SUL Channels Are Configured.
[0167] Selection / Indication of One UL Channel for Network Access.
[0168] In this solution, the base station configures multiple uplink (UL) channels, including one normal uplink (NUL) and more than one supplementary uplink (SUL) channel within a serving cell. The corresponding parameters for the random access procedure are also configured. The process involves several key steps, as outlined below.
[0169] In some examples, the base station configures multiple UL channels within a serving cell and defines the parameters for random access. Each SUL or NUL channel can be associated with a specific range of SSB-RSRP values. A set of SSB-RSRP values is configured, where each range of SSB-RSRP values is linked to a particular UL channel.
[0170] In some examples, the UE selects a suitable UL channel for transmitting the RACH sequence based on various factors, including SSB-RSRP and PRACH transmissions. The UL channel is determined based on the received RSRP of the SSB. The UL channel can also be selected based on the number of multiple PRACH transmissions. An SSB-RSRP threshold can be used to determine whether to use an NUL or SUL. The specific SUL channel is then selected based on the number of PRACH transmissions or the generated RACH sequence.
[0171] In some examples, the UE transmits the RACH sequence (e.g., Msg1) over the determined UL channel. The UE’s capability to support using different UL channels for Msg1, Msg3, Msg5, or HARQ-ACK of Msg4 / MsgB can be conveyed through Msg1. This capability can be transmitted using separate RACH sequences, RACH ROs, or different RACH formats.
[0172] In some examples, the base station responds to the RACH request by transmitting a RACH access response (Msg2) to the UE. It may also indicate a UL channel for Msg3 transmission. A field within the RAR or a newly introduced MAC-CE in the RAR UL grant can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission. The starting point of time and / or frequency resources for RAR or the scheduling PDCCH for RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission. An RA-RNTI can also be used to indicate a UL channel for Msg3 transmission. The RA-RNTI can be calculated using the following formula: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × sul_carrier_id. The repetition number of Msg3 PUSCH can also be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission.
[0173] In some examples, the UE transmits Msg3 PUSCH using the UL channel indicated by the base station.
[0174] In some examples, the base station transmits Msg4 PDSCH, which includes the UE’s contention resolution identity. The base station can also indicate a UL channel to be used for HARQ-ACK of Msg4. A field within Msg4 can be used to indicate the UL channel for HARQ-ACK transmission. The repetition number of PUCCH for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK can also be used to determine the UL channel for this transmission.
[0175] In some examples, the UE provides a HARQ-ACK for the corresponding PDSCH (Msg4) using the UL channel indicated in Msg4 or the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4.
[0176] In some examples, the UE transmits Msg5 PUSCH on the UL channel indicated by the base station. The starting point of time and / or frequency resources for the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4, Msg4 PDSCH, or the scheduling PDCCH of Msg5 can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. The repetition number of Msg5 PUSCH can also be used to determine the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0177] FIG. 4C presents a method for managing multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell, offering solutions for indicating and selecting appropriate UL channels for network access. The process involves the base station configuring UL channels and linking them to specific SSB-RSRP thresholds, enabling the UE to dynamically select and use suitable channels for various transmissions (e.g., Msg1, Msg3, Msg4 HARQ-ACK, and Msg5) . The UL channel selection is further refined through signaling mechanisms, such as RA-RNTI calculations, RAR fields, and repetition numbers. This method enhances uplink flexibility and efficiency by dynamically selecting the suitable UL channel based on SSB-RSRP values, PRACH transmissions, and RACH sequences. It improves overall network performance, reduces interference, and ensures reliable communication by tailoring uplink configurations to the UE's conditions and network requirements.
[0178] FIG. 5A is an example of a wireless communication method 500A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 500A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 500A of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 500A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE includes: an operation 502A, reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use multiple uplink (UL) channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across UL channels; and an operation 504A, receiving, from the base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0179] FIG. 5B is an example of a wireless communication method 500B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 500B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 500B of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 500B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station includes: an operation 502B, configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , a normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell, wherein the BS transmits a configuration message to the UE indicating the capability to use the NUL and the SUL channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across the configured uplink channels. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0180] FIG. 5C is an example of a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5C illustrates that, in some examples, multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels can be configured within a cell or serving cell to support one or more UL channels for data transmission.
[0181] How to Indicate One or More SULs to a UE When Multiple SUL Channels Are Configured.
[0182] Supporting One or More UL Channels for Data Transmission.
[0183] In this solution, the base station and UE work together to enable the use of one or more UL channels for data transmission and retransmission across different UL channels. The at least one of following steps outlines the procedure for implementing this solution.
[0184] In some examples, the UE reports its capability to utilize one or more UL channels for data transmission. Additionally, the retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) can occur across different UL channels based on the UE’s capability.
[0185] In some examples, the base station configures multiple UL channels within a serving cell, including a normal uplink (NUL) and more than one supplementary uplink (SUL) channel. It also configures the corresponding parameters for data and signaling transmission over these channels.
[0186] In some examples, the base station transmits scheduling signaling to the UE, indicating one or more UL channels for data transmission. A field within a downlink control information (DCI) message can be used to indicate the specific UL channel to be used by the UE for data transmission. Additionally, the frequency resources can be connected as a single entity, with the frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) field size determined based on this entity. The connected order of UL channels can be arranged from the smallest index to the largest index.
[0187] In some examples, the UE uses the indicated UL channels for data and signaling transmission. For cases where more than one subcarrier spacing (SCS) is used across the UL channels, the at least one of following considerations applies: The processing time is based on the numerology between the PDCCH and the PUSCH over the SUL with the smallest SCS among the SULs. Alternatively, the processing time of the UL PUSCH can be based on the numerology between the PDCCH and the PUSCH over the SUL with either the smallest or largest index, depending on the configuration.
[0188] In some examples, the frequency hopping for PUSCH can be configured in two ways: All UL channels can be connected as a single entity, and PUSCH frequency hopping is based on this entity. Alternatively, frequency hopping can be performed separately between the different UL channels, with the same frequency hopping pattern applied across all used UL channels.
[0189] In some examples, if the initial transmission of the TB is unsuccessful, the base station sends a retransmission scheduling grant to the UE, indicating the UL channel (s) to be used for retransmission. A certain number of bits within the DCI can be used to indicate the initial transmission UL channel. The HARQ-ID can be split into two groups via RRC signaling or a MAC control element (MAC-CE) . This split may have already been discussed in MBS topics. For configured grant (CG) transmissions, the HARQ-ID for the first SUL and second SUL can be calculated as follows.
[0190] First SUL: HARQ-ID = [floor (CURRENT_symbol) / periodicity1 + (CURRENT_symbol) / T * (T / periodicity1) ] modulo numHARQ-process.
[0191] Second SUL: HARQ-ID = [floor (CURRENT_symbol) / periodicity2 + T / periodicity1 + (CURRENT_symbol) / T * (T / periodicity2) ] modulo numHARQ-process.
[0192] In some examples, the UE retransmits the TB (s) based on the retransmission grant received from the base station.
[0193] FIG. 5C demonstrates a method for enhancing wireless communication by supporting one or more supplementary uplink (SUL) channels for data transmission and retransmission. This solution enables dynamic configuration and utilization of multiple uplink channels by the base station and UE, ensuring efficient data handling through advanced signaling mechanisms, adaptive resource allocation, and cross-channel retransmission capabilities. This approach enhances uplink flexibility and reliability by allowing the use of multiple UL channels, optimizing data transmission and retransmission processes. It reduces latency, improves spectral efficiency, and ensures robust communication through dynamic configuration, efficient resource allocation, and advanced scheduling mechanisms tailored to network and UE conditions.
[0194] FIG. 6A is an example of a wireless communication method 600A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 600A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 600A of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 500A of transmission enhancement performed by a UE includes: an operation 602A, reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, a message 3 (Msg3) , a message 5 (Msg5) , a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of a message 4 (Msg4) , a repetition of a message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a Msg2 scheduling, a Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for a Msg4 scheduling; and an operation 604A, receiving, from the base station, a Msg2 with or without repetition, a scheduled Msg 2 PDCCH, Msg2, Msg4, or a scheduled Msg4 PDCCH. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0195] FIG. 6B is an example of a wireless communication method 600B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 600B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 600B of transmission enhancement monitoring performed by a station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 600B of transmission enhancement performed by a base station includes: an operation 602B, transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration message indicating a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, message 3 (Msg3) , message 5 (Msg5) , hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of message 4 (Msg4) , repetition of message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for Msg2 scheduling, Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions, improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability, reduce an access latency, avoid collision for random access procedure, improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4, reduce a signaling overhead, and / or simplify the UE capability reporting processing, etc.
[0196] FIG. 6C is an example of a wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6C illustrates that, in some examples, a solution is proposed to reduce signaling overhead for UE capability reporting and to enhance the coverage capability for Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH.
[0197] Reducing Signaling Overhead for UE Capability Reporting and Enhancing Coverage for Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH.
[0198] Combination of UE Capability Reporting and a Unified CovE Method for Msg2 / Msg4 PDSCH.
[0199] This solution proposes a unified approach to reduce the signaling overhead for UE capability reporting and enhance the coverage of Msg2 and Msg4 PDSCH. Based on the given procedure, at least one of the following solution steps would be included.
[0200] In some examples, the base station configures the necessary parameters for the random access procedure to support the combination of UE capability reporting and coverage enhancement methods.
[0201] In some examples, the UE sends Msg1 to the base station and reports its combined capabilities for one or more channels with repetition. The UE’s capability to support Msg2 PDSCH, common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, Msg4 PDSCH, and common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling with repetition can be indicated via Msg1. The UE’s capability for Msg2 PDSCH and common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, as well as Msg4 PDSCH and common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling, can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. The UE can indicate its capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4 within repetition via Msg1. Additionally, the UE can indicate its capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, and Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition via Msg1.
[0202] In some examples, the base station sends Msg2 to the UE, which can be transmitted with or without repetition. The repetition number of Msg2 PDSCH can be indicated by the starting point of time and / or frequency resources of Msg2 PDSCH. Alternatively, the repetition number of Msg2 PDSCH can be indicated by the starting point of time and / or frequency resources of the scheduling PDCCH of Msg2.
[0203] In some examples, the UE transmits Msg3 PUSCH to the base station and reports its combined capabilities for one or more channels with repetition. The UE’s capability to support Msg4 PDSCH, common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling, and Msg5 PUSCH with repetition can be indicated via Msg3. A specific field within Msg3 can be used to carry this information. The UE’s capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg2 PDSCH repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. Additionally, the UE can indicate its capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition via Msg3.
[0204] In some examples, the base station sends Msg4 to the UE, which can also be transmitted with or without repetition. The repetition number of Msg4 PDSCH can be indicated by the starting point of time and / or frequency resources of Msg4 PDSCH. Alternatively, the repetition number of Msg4 PDSCH can be indicated by the starting point of time and / or frequency resources of the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4.
[0205] In some examples, the UE provides a HARQ-ACK for Msg4 to the base station, acknowledging the successful reception of Msg4.
[0206] In some examples, the UE transmits Msg5 PUSCH to the base station. This transmission can also be with or without repetition, depending on the configured parameters.
[0207] FIG. 6C outlines a unified solution to reduce signaling overhead for UE capability reporting and enhance the coverage of Msg2 and Msg4 PDSCH. The method combines advanced reporting mechanisms with coverage improvement techniques, allowing the UE to efficiently indicate its capabilities for PDSCH and PDCCH scheduling with repetition. The base station, in turn, dynamically configures and communicates parameters to optimize transmission and reception across multiple messages (Msg2, Msg3, Msg4, and Msg5) . This solution reduces signaling complexity by consolidating UE capability reporting while improving coverage for critical messages, such as Msg2 and Msg4, through repetition-based enhancements. It ensures efficient resource usage, supports better communication reliability, and optimizes coverage performance, particularly in scenarios with challenging network conditions.
[0208] Pre-determined beam may refer to the beam is pre-determinded. “Pre-determinded” can refer to “pre-configured” , “network configured” , “preset” , “pre-defined” , or “pre-defined rules” . “Preset” , “pre-defined” , or “pre-defined rules” may be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other manners for indicating relevant information in devices (e.g., including a UE and a network device) . The specific implementation is not limited in the present disclosure. For example, “preset” and “pre-defined” may refer to those defined in a protocol. It is also to be understood that in the disclosure, “protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communication, which may include, for example, an LTE protocol, NR protocol and relevant protocol applied in the future communication system, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0209] Embodiment 1: Mapping Rules Between Tx Beams and PRACH Transmissions (4-Step RACH) .
[0210] This disclosure proposes methods to enable multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam. The proposed methods mainly include determining the number of Tx beams at the UE side for multiple PRACH transmissions and establishing mapping rules between the number of Tx beams and the RACH occasions (ROs) used for these transmissions. In this way, more than one Tx beam can be utilized for multiple PRACH transmissions, improving the coverage capability of RACH transmissions. Additionally, the ambiguity between the gNB and UE regarding the transmission beams of multiple PRACH transmissions can be avoided.
[0211] In the current specification, for the initial access procedure, the base station broadcasts system information with different time-division multiplexed (TDM) SSBs to fully cover the cell area. Different SSBs are transmitted at various time locations using beam sweeping in the time domain. The actual SSB / SSB index transmitted by the base station is indicated to the UE via SIB1. This allows the base station to identify a suitable SSB (abetter or the best SSB based on the received RSRP value) at both the UE and base station sides. A mapping rule between SSBs and ROs is then defined, enabling the UE to implicitly indicate the suitable SSB via the RO.
[0212] When the base station receives a RACH sequence over a specific RO or set of ROs, it can determine the suitable SSB. The base station can then use this suitable SSB or beam for Msg2 and / or Msg4 transmissions, thereby improving the downlink (DL) channel coverage capability during the RACH procedure.
[0213] When multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam are enabled, it is necessary to determine the number of Tx beams at the UE side for these transmissions. Additionally, to further enhance the coverage capability of subsequent uplink (UL) channels, a suitable Tx beam from the multiple PRACH transmissions can be indicated to the UE. The UE can then use the indicated beam for Msg3, Msg5, and common PUCCH transmissions, improving the coverage capability of these channels.
[0214] Furthermore, before the base station indicates a Tx beam to the UE, a mapping rule between the transmitted beams for multiple PRACH transmissions and the corresponding RACH occasions must be established. Otherwise, ambiguity between the base station and the UE regarding the transmitted beams of multiple PRACH transmissions could occur. Therefore, it is essential to define mapping rules between Tx beams and the ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0215] In some embodiments, multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam are enabled based on an SSB-RSRP threshold. If the received SSB RSRP value is above the threshold, multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam can be used. Otherwise, multiple PRACH transmissions with the same Tx beam will be used. Or, when the received SSBs’ RSRP is above an SSB-RSRP threshold, then multiple PRACH transmissions with a same Tx beams can be used, otherwise, the multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beams are used. The SSB-RSRP threshold can be indicated by the base station via SIB1, MIB, or other system information.
[0216] The Number of Tx Beams Indication: To determine the number or the maximum number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions at the UE side, the at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0217] Method 1: The number or the maximum number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions at the UE side is indicated by the base station via system information. In some embodiments, determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams comprises: receiving, by the UE, an indication from the base station via a system information indicating the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams; and using the indicated multiple transmission beams or multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions. For example, the base station can indicate the number or maximum number of transmission beams for multiple PRACH transmissions through SIB1, as shown below.
[0218] BWP-UplinkCommon information element:
[0219] Method 2: Number of Tx Beams Equal to the Number of PRACH Transmissions.
[0220] In some embodiments, a number of the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams corresponds to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, with each PRACH repetition over a random access occasion (RO) having a corresponding transmission beam. In this method, the number of Tx beams at the UE side for multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to the number of PRACH transmissions, with each PRACH repetition over a random access occasion (RO) having a corresponding beam for transmission. This approach reduces the signaling overhead required for indicating the number of Tx beams, as the actual number of Tx beams is automatically aligned with the number of PRACH transmissions. For instance, if the UE performs four PRACH transmissions, four beams can be used, denoted as beam 1, beam 2, beam 3, and beam 4. Beam 1 is mapped to the first RO within the set of ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions, beam 2 is mapped to the second RO, beam 3 to the third RO, and beam 4 to the fourth RO. This mapping ensures efficient utilization of the available beams while minimizing signaling requirements.
[0221] Method 3: Implicit Indication of Tx Beams via RACH Sequence Sets.
[0222] In some embodiments, determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams comprises: receiving, by the UE, a configuration from the base station, wherein the configuration comprises multiple RACH sequence sets; determining, by the UE, the multiple transmission beams based on the RACH sequence sets, wherein each set of RACH sequences corresponds to a corresponding transmission beam; and / or using different RACH sequences and corresponding transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0223] In this method, the number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions at the UE side is implicitly indicated by the base station. The base station can configure more than one RACH sequence set for the UE, with each set corresponding to a specific beam. The UE can then use different sequences and beams for multiple PRACH transmissions, thereby reducing the risk of collision or interference between preambles during the transmissions. Additionally, this approach further reduces the signaling overhead required for indicating the number of Tx beams.
[0224] All candidate RACH sequences for multiple PRACH transmissions can be split into N groups, numbered from 0 to N-1. The UE can use N Tx beams for the transmissions, with each PRACH transmission using a sequence from one of the groups. For example, if the candidate RACH sequences are split into four groups (numbered 0 to 3) , a total of four beams can be used. PRACH transmissions using beam 1 must select a sequence from RACH sequence set 1, transmissions with beam 2 must use a sequence from set 2, transmissions with beam 3 must use a sequence from set 3, and transmissions with beam 4 must use a sequence from set 4. This method enhances efficiency and minimizes interference during the random access procedure.
[0225] Method 4: Determination of Tx Beams Based on a Scale Factor.
[0226] In some embodiments, determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams comprises determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams based on a scale factor and a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions. In some embodiments, the number of the multiple transmission beams is equal to a scale factor multiplied by the number of the multiple PRACH transmissions. In this method, the number or the maximum number of Tx beams at the UE side for multiple PRACH transmissions is determined based on a scale factor and the number of transmissions. The base station can configure a scale factor, and the number of Tx beams is calculated as the scale factor multiplied by the number of PRACH transmissions, or as the ceiling value of this product. For instance, if the scale factor is 1.5 and the UE performs four PRACH transmissions, the number of Tx beams would be calculated as ceil (1.5 × 4) = 6. The base station can indicate the scale factor via system information, such as SIB1, to inform the UE of the required configuration. This method provides flexibility in configuring the number of Tx beams based on the network’s requirements.
[0227] BWP-UplinkCommon information element:
[0228] For instance, the candidate values of the scale factor can be one of {0.25, 0.5, 1} . Taking 0.5 as an example, if the number of multiple PRACH transmissions is 8, the number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to: 0.5 × 8 = 4.
[0229] In this case, each Tx beam is mapped to 2 ROs within the total ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0230] In some embodiments, the scale factor can be indicated by the base station via system information. The number or maximum number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions can also be related to the center frequency value. For example, if the number or maximum number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions is determined by two values, the at least one of following condition applies.
[0231] When the center frequency value is less than X, the number of Tx beams is equal to N.
[0232] When the center frequency value is equal to or greater than X, the number of Tx beams is equal to M.
[0233] Here, X is a positive value, and M and N are integers. For cases where the center frequency is below X, the number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to: min (scale factor × number of multiple PRACH transmissions, M) .
[0234] For cases where the center frequency is equal to or greater than X, the number of Tx beams is equal to: min(scale factor × number of multiple PRACH transmissions, N) .
[0235] In some embodiments, a set of scale factors can be indicated by the base station via system information (e.g., SIB1) , with each level of multiple PRACH transmissions corresponding to a specific scale factor. For example, assume the levels of multiple PRACH transmissions are {2, 4, 8} . The base station can configure a scale factor list with three values, such as {1, 0.5, 0.5} . The size of the scale factor list is equal to the size of the PRACH repetition levels. In this case: When the UE repeats PRACH transmissions 2 times, the number of Tx beams used is: 1 × 2 = 2.
[0236] When the UE repeats PRACH transmissions 4 times, the number of Tx beams used is: 0.5 × 4 = 2.
[0237] When the UE repeats PRACH transmissions 8 times, the number of Tx beams used is: 0.5 × 8 = 4.
[0238] The scale factor for each PRACH repetition level can either be the same or different, depending on the configuration.
[0239] In some embodiments, when the number of multiple PRACH transmissions is greater than or equal to a threshold value, a factor can be applied to determine the number of Tx beams. For example, if the threshold value is set to 4.
[0240] When the number of multiple PRACH transmissions is greater than or equal to 4, the number of Tx beams is calculated as: scale factor × number of multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0241] When the number of multiple PRACH transmissions is less than 4, the number of Tx beams is equal to the number of PRACH transmissions.
[0242] Method 5: The number or the maximum number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions at the UE side is determined by the UE itself. The actual Tx beam used by the UE is then indicated by the base station via the Random Access Response (RAR) , along with the specific transmission occasion for the multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0243] For the mapping rule between Tx beams and multiple PRACH transmissions, the at least one of following methods can be considered. FIG. 7 illustrates that, in some examples, mapping rules between Tx beams and multiple PRACH transmissions can be applied.
[0244] Method 1 (1-to-1 Mapping) : In some embodiments, the number of the multiple transmission beams is equal to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, and each RO used for a RACH repetition is mapped to a single transmission beam. In this method, the number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to the number of PRACH transmissions. The mapping rule between the Tx beams and the ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions is a one-to-one mapping, where each RO used for a RACH repetition is mapped to one Tx beam.
[0245] For example, consider a scenario with four PRACH repetitions, as shown in FIG. 7.
[0246] PRACH repetition 1 (denoted as PRACH Rep1) uses beam 1 for transmission.
[0247] PRACH repetition 2 (denoted as PRACH Rep2) uses beam 2 for transmission.
[0248] PRACH repetition 3 (denoted as PRACH Rep3) uses beam 3 for transmission.
[0249] PRACH repetition 4 (denoted as PRACH Rep4) uses beam 4 for transmission.
[0250] Method 2 (1-to-N Mapping) : FIG. 8 illustrates that, in some examples, a Tx beam can be mapped to a set of consecutive ROs. In some embodiments, the number of the multiple transmission beams is not equal to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, and each transmission beam is mapped to multiple ROs or a fraction of an RO. In this method, the number of Tx beams for multiple PRACH transmissions is not equal to the number of PRACH transmissions, and the mapping rule between the Tx beams and ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions can follow a 1-to-N mapping. Here, N can be greater than 1 or less than 1.
[0251] When N is less than 1, the actual number of Tx beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to the number of PRACH transmissions.
[0252] When N is greater than 1, a single Tx beam at the UE side can be mapped to more than one consecutive or non-consecutive RO used for multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0253] The at least one of following mapping rules can be considered.
[0254] Mapping Rule 1: The ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions can be divided into N groups, where N is equal to the number of Tx beams. Each group includes one or more ROs, and the number of ROs in each group can be calculated as: ceil (number of ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions / number of Tx beams) .
[0255] The number of ROs within each group can be the same or different. In this case, a Tx beam is mapped to a set of consecutive ROs.
[0256] For instance, as shown in FIG. 8, if the number of PRACH transmissions is 8 and the number of Tx beams is 2, then the 8 ROs used for the PRACH transmissions are divided into two groups.
[0257] Group 1 includes {RO1, RO2, RO3, RO4} .
[0258] Group 2 includes {RO5, RO6, RO7, RO8} .
[0259] In this example, PRACH repetitions 1 to 4 (PRACH Rep1 to PRACH Rep4) use Tx beam 1 for transmission, while PRACH repetitions 5 to 8 (PRACH Rep5 to PRACH Rep8) use Tx beam 2 for transmission.
[0260] FIG. 9 illustrates that, in some examples, a Tx beam can be mapped to a set of non-consecutive ROs. In some embodiments, the ROs associated with the same Tx beam can use the same RACH sequence for transmission, where the sequence is one of the RACH sequences within a set configured or indicated for the corresponding Tx beam.
[0261] Mapping Rule 2: The ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions can be divided into N groups, where N is equal to the number of Tx beams. Each group includes one or more ROs, and the number of ROs within each group can be calculated as: ceil (number of ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions / number of Tx beams) .
[0262] The number of ROs within each group can be the same or different. In this case, a Tx beam is mapped to a set of non-consecutive ROs. The interval between two adjacent ROs mapped to the same Tx beam is equal to the total number of Tx beams or the total number of Tx beams minus 1.
[0263] For example, as shown in FIG. 9, if the number of PRACH transmissions is 8 and the number of Tx beams is 2, then the 8 ROs used for the PRACH transmissions are split into two groups.
[0264] Group 1 includes {RO1, RO3, RO5, RO7} .
[0265] Group 2 includes {RO2, RO4, RO6, RO8} .
[0266] In this case: PRACH repetitions 1, 3, 5, and 7 (PRACH Rep1, PRACH Rep3, PRACH Rep5, PRACH Rep7) use Tx beam 1 for transmission. PRACH repetitions 2, 4, 6, and 8 (PRACH Rep2, PRACH Rep4, PRACH Rep6, PRACH Rep8) use Tx beam 2 for transmission.
[0267] FIG. 10 illustrates that, in some examples, a Tx beam can be mapped to a set of non-consecutive ROs. In some embodiments, the ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions can be divided into N groups, where N is equal to the number of Tx beams. Each group includes one or more ROs, and the number of ROs within each group can be calculated as: ceil (number of ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions / number of Tx beams) .
[0268] The number of ROs within the groups can be the same or different. A Tx beam is mapped to a set of non-consecutive sub-groups of ROs, where the ROs within each sub-group are sequential. The number of ROs within a sub-group is smaller than the value of ceil (number of ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions / number of Tx beams) .
[0269] For instance, as shown in FIG. 10, if the number of multiple PRACH transmissions is 8 and the number of Tx beams is 2, the 8 ROs used for the PRACH transmissions are split into two groups.
[0270] Group 1 includes {RO1, RO2, RO5, RO6} .
[0271] Group 2 includes {RO3, RO4, RO7, RO8} .
[0272] In this case: PRACH repetitions 1, 2, 5, and 6 (PRACH Rep1, PRACH Rep2, PRACH Rep5, PRACH Rep6) use Tx beam 1 for transmission. PRACH repetitions 3, 4, 7, and 8 (PRACH Rep3, PRACH Rep4, PRACH Rep7, PRACH Rep8) use Tx beam 2 for transmission. In some embodiments, the ROs associated with the same Tx beam can use the same RACH sequence for transmission. The sequence used is one of the RACH sequences within a set configured or indicated for the corresponding Tx beam.
[0273] The proposed methods for mapping Tx beams to PRACH transmissions, as illustrated in the embodiments, enable efficient utilization of multiple transmission beams to enhance RACH coverage and minimize signaling overhead. By defining explicit and implicit mapping rules, such as 1-to-1 or 1-to-N mappings, these methods ensure flexibility and adaptability in scenarios with multiple PRACH transmissions, aligning Tx beam usage with RACH occasions (ROs) dynamically and effectively.
[0274] This approach improves coverage capability, reduces ambiguity between the base station and the UE, and optimizes resource allocation for PRACH transmissions. It enhances communication reliability, minimizes interference, and lowers signaling complexity, all while providing scalability and adaptability to diverse network configurations and deployment scenarios.
[0275] Embodiment 2: Indicating a Tx Beam to UE by gNB.
[0276] This disclosure proposes methods to indicate a Tx beam, selected from multiple beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions, to the UE. By adopting this approach, subsequent transmissions following Msg1 in the random access procedure can utilize a more precise beam for transmission. For instance, Msg3 PUSCH, Msg5 PUSCH, and common PUCCH for HARQ-ACK can be transmitted using a finer beam, thereby improving the coverage capability for these channels.
[0277] In the current specification, during the initial access procedure, the base station broadcasts system information using different time-division multiplexed (TDM) SSBs to cover the entire cell area. The actual transmitted SSB or SSB index is indicated by the base station. To enable ROs to carry SSB information, a mapping rule between SSBs and ROs is defined. When multiple PRACH transmissions are performed using more than one Tx beam, determining the number or the maximum number of Tx beams at the UE side is necessary. Additionally, to further improve the coverage capability of subsequent transmissions following Msg1 in the random access procedure, it is essential to indicate a finer Tx beam among the Tx beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions to the UE.
[0278] The at least one of following methods can be considered for indicating a Tx beam to the UE.
[0279] In some embodiments, using the multiple transmission beams comprises enabling the multiple transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions based on a synchronization signal block-reference signal received power (SSB-RSRP) threshold. In some embodiments, when a received SSB-RSRP is above the SSB-RSRP threshold, enabling the multiple PRACH transmissions with the same transmission beams; when the received SSB RSRP is below or equal to the SSB-RSRP threshold, enabling the multiple PRACH transmissions with the multiple transmission beam; and / or wherein the SSB-RSRP threshold is indicated by the base station via a system information block 1 (SIB1) , a master information block (MIB) , or another system information. In some embodiments, when the received SSBs’ RSRP is above an SSB-RSRP threshold, then multiple PRACH transmissions with a same Tx beams can be used, otherwise, the multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam is used. Or, when the received SSBs’ RSRP is above an SSB-RSRP threshold, then multiple PRACH transmissions with a same Tx beams can be used, otherwise, the multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beams are used.
[0280] In some embodiments, multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beams can be enabled based on an SSB-RSRP threshold. When the received SSB RSRP value is above the defined threshold, multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beam can be used. Otherwise, multiple PRACH transmissions with the same Tx beam are used. Or, when the received SSBs’ RSRP is above an SSB-RSRP threshold, then multiple PRACH transmissions with a same Tx beams can be used, otherwise, the multiple PRACH transmissions with more than one Tx beams are used. The SSB-RSRP threshold can be indicated by the base station via system information such as SIB1, MIB, or other relevant system information.
[0281] FIG. 11 illustrates that, in some examples, a method for Tx beam indication can be implemented.
[0282] Method 1: In some embodiments, a field within an RAR is used to indicate an RO index among ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions; and / or a transmission beam associated with a PRACH repetition over an indicated RO is used for the subsequent transmission (s) after PRACH during a random access procedure.
[0283] A field within the Random Access Response (RAR) can be used to indicate an RO index within the ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The Tx beam used for the PRACH repetition over the corresponding RO can then be utilized for subsequent transmissions during the random access procedure, such as Msg3 PUSCH, Msg5 PUSCH, common PUCCH for Msg4 HARQ-ACK, or common PUCCH for MsgB HARQ-ACK transmissions. This approach can improve the coverage capability for all channels involved in the random access procedure.
[0284] For instance, as shown in FIG. 11, a new MAC Control Element (MAC-CE) can be introduced, and 3 bits within the RAR (e.g., a Tx Indicator) can be used to indicate the RO index within a set of ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The at least one of following states can be applied.
[0285] State 0 or "000" can indicate the first RO used for the first PRACH repetition within the multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0286] State 1 or "001" can indicate the second RO used for the second PRACH repetition within the multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0287] State 2 or "010" can indicate the third RO used for the third PRACH repetition within the multiple PRACH transmissions, and so on.
[0288] In some embodiments, a field within the Random Access Response (RAR) can be used to indicate a RACH sequence group index. Subsequently, the Tx beam (denoted as beam i) associated with the indicated RACH sequence group is specified, and beam i can be used for subsequent transmissions following Msg1 during the random access procedure. In this approach, the size of the field is equal to: ceil (log2 (the number of RACH sequence groups) ) . Compared with indicating an RO index, this method can reduce signaling overhead.
[0289] In some embodiments, a field within the RAR can be used to indicate a Tx beam within a set of beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The indicated beam can then be utilized for subsequent transmissions following Msg1 during the random access procedure. The indicated Tx beam of a PRACH transmission (also referred to as the Tx beam) is identified as the one delivering the highest RSRP, RSRQ, or SNR among all beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions, or one with a better RSRP, RSRQ, or SNR that exceeds a specified threshold, as received by the base station. In this case, the size of the field is equal to: ceil (log2 (the number of Tx beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions) ) .
[0290] Method 2: The TDRA field within the RAR UL grant can be used to indicate an RO index, RACH sequence group index, or beam index within the ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions. In some embodiments, a time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) field within an RAR uplink grant is used to indicate an RO index, a RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index used for the multiple PRACH transmissions; the TDRA field is configured by a TDRA table, enabling the TDRA field to jointly indicate the RO index, the RACH sequence group index, or the transmission beam index. For instance, in joint coding with the TDRA field, a new column can be added to the TDRA table to indicate an RO index, RACH sequence group index, or beam index.
[0291] Taking the default PUSCH time-domain resource allocation A for normal CP as an example, the new column can be used to indicate an RO index, as shown in Table 1B.
[0292] Table 1B: One column used to indicate the RO index can be added to a TDRA table.
[0293] Note: The Tx indicator can also be joint coding with other default TDRA tables which are defined in TS 38.214.
[0294] Method 3: Different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate an RO index within the ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The Tx beam used for the PRACH repetition over the corresponding RO can then be utilized for subsequent uplink (UL) transmissions during the random access procedure, such as Msg3 PUSCH, Msg5 PUSCH, common PUCCH for Msg4 HARQ-ACK, or common PUCCH for MsgB HARQ-ACK transmissions. This approach can improve the coverage capability for all channels involved in the random access procedure.
[0295] In some embodiments, different RA-RNTIs are used to indicate an RO index among ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions; a transmission beam associated with a PRACH repetition over the indicated RO is used for the subsequent transmission after PRACH during a random access procedure.
[0296] For instance, the UE needs to monitor a set of RA-RNTI-scrambled DCIs for RAR scheduling during a RAR window. Different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate different RO indices: RA-RNTI 1 can be used to indicate RO index 1, meaning the Tx beam used for PRACH repetition 1 will be applied to subsequent UL transmissions during the random access procedure. RA-RNTI 2 can be used to indicate RO index 2, and the Tx beam used for PRACH repetition 2 will be applied to subsequent UL transmissions, and so on.
[0297] The RA-RNTI calculation formula can be modified to include the RO index for multiple PRACH transmissions. The formula can be expressed as follows: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × Tx beam index, or RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 ×80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × RO_index, or RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × RACH sequence group index, where: s_id is the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ s_id < 14) . t_id is the index of the first slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (0 ≤ t_id < 80) , with the subcarrier spacing determined by the value of μ specified in clause 5.3.2 of TS 38.211. For μ = {0, 1, 2, 3} , t_id is based on 15 / 30 / 60 kHz subcarrier spacing, and for μ = {5, 6} , t_id is based on 120 kHz subcarrier spacing. f_id is the index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (0 ≤ f_id < 8) . ul_carrier_id represents the UL carrier used for Random Access Preamble transmission (0 for NUL carrier, 1 for SUL carrier) . RO_index is the RO index among the ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions, with values ranging from 1 to 8. Tx beam index is the index of the beam at the UE side for multiple PRACH transmissions, with values ranging from 1 to N, where N is the number of Tx beams. RACH sequence group index represents the group of RACH sequences related to the Tx beam at the UE side, with values ranging from 1 to M, where M is the number of RACH sequence groups.
[0298] In some embodiments, different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate a RACH sequence group index. The Tx beam (denoted as beam i) associated with the indicated RACH sequence group can then be specified for subsequent transmissions following Msg1 during the random access procedure. In this way, the number of RA-RNTIs is equal to the number of RACH sequence groups.
[0299] In addition, different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate a Tx beam within a set of beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The indicated Tx beam can be applied for subsequent transmissions following Msg1 in the random access procedure. The indicated Tx beam of a PRACH transmission (also referred to as Tx beam) is identified as the one that delivers the highest RSRP, RSRQ, or SNR among all beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions, or one that exceeds a specified RSRP / RSRQ / SNR threshold, as measured by the base station.
[0300] In this case, the number of RA-RNTIs is equal to the number of Tx beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The RA-RNTI calculation formula can be modified as follows to include the RO index for multiple PRACH transmissions: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × Tx beam index, or RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 ×8 × 2 × RO_index, or RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × RACH sequence group index.
[0301] Method 4: Different DMRS for the RAR and / or for the scheduling PDCCH of the RAR can be used to indicate an RO index, RACH sequence group index, or Tx beam index. In some embodiments, different demodulation reference signals (DMRS) for an RAR and / or for a scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) are used to indicate an RO index, a RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index used for the multiple PRACH transmissions. This approach can improve the coverage capability for subsequent transmissions following Msg1 during the random access procedure.
[0302] Method 5: Different time and / or frequency resources of the RAR PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for the RAR PDSCH can be used to indicate an RO index, RACH sequence group index, or Tx beam index. In some embodiments, different time and / or frequency resources of an RAR physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for the RAR PDSCH are used to indicate an RO index, a RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index used for the multiple PRACH transmissions. In some embodiments, the UE determines the RO index, the RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index based on a starting point of the RAR PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for the RAR PDSCH in a candidate time window and / or an initial downlink bandwidth part (DL BWP) . In some embodiments, the UE identifies that the base station has split the candidate time window and / or the initial DL BWP into N groups, each group corresponding to a portion of a time and / or frequency domain. A different starting point of the RAR PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for the RAR PDSCH within a candidate time window (e.g., the RAR time window) is used to indicate the RO index, RACH sequence group index, or Tx beam index.
[0303] The base station can divide the candidate time window into N groups, with each portion corresponding to an RO index, RACH sequence group index, or Tx beam index. When the starting point of the RAR PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for the RAR PDSCH falls within a portion, the corresponding index is indicated. For example, the starting point of the RAR PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH located in the first part of the candidate time window can be used to indicate RO index1, RACH sequence group index1, or Tx beam index1. Similarly, the starting point located in the second part of the time window can be used to indicate RO index2, RACH sequence group index2, or Tx beam index2, and so on.
[0304] In some embodiments, both the time and frequency domains of the RAR PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for the RAR PDSCH, along with the initial DL BWP, can be used to indicate an RO index, RACH sequence group index, or Tx beam index. The base station can split the candidate time window and the initial DL BWP into N groups. Each portion among these groups is used to indicate an index, and the starting point in both the time and frequency domains is mapped accordingly. For example, the starting point in the first part of the time window and frequency domain can be used to indicate RO index1, RACH sequence group index1, or Tx beam index1, and so on.
[0305] Method 6: A field within an RA-RNTI scrambled DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0) can be used to indicate an RO index within the ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions. In some embodiments, a field within an RA-RNTI scrambled downlink control information (DCI) is used to indicate an RO index among ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions; a transmission beam associated with a PRACH repetition over an indicated RO is used for the subsequent transmission (s) after PRACH during a random access procedure. The Tx beam used for a PRACH repetition over the corresponding RO can then be used for subsequent transmissions during the random access procedure, such as Msg3 PUSCH, Msg5 PUSCH, common PUCCH for Msg4 HARQ-ACK, or common PUCCH for MsgB HARQ-ACK transmissions. This approach improves the coverage capability for all channels involved in the random access procedure.
[0306] For instance, 3 bits within the DCI can be used to indicate an RO index within a set of ROs used for multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0307] A state of 0 or "000" can indicate the first RO used for the first PRACH repetition.
[0308] A state of 1 or "001" can indicate the second RO used for the second PRACH repetition.
[0309] A state of 2 or "010" can indicate the third RO used for the third PRACH repetition, and so on.
[0310] In some embodiments, a field within an RA-RNTI scrambled DCI can be used to indicate a RACH sequence group index. Subsequently, the Tx beam (denoted as beam i) associated with the indicated RACH sequence group is specified. The Tx beam i can then be used for subsequent transmissions following Msg1 during the random access procedure. In this case, the size of the field is equal to: ceil (log2 (the number of RACH sequence groups) ) .
[0311] In some embodiments, a field within an RA-RNTI scrambled DCI can be used to indicate a Tx beam within a set of beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions. The indicated beam can then be used for subsequent channel transmissions during the random access procedure. The indicated Tx beam of a PRACH transmission (also referred to as the Tx beam) is identified as the one that delivers the highest RSRP, RSRQ, or SNR among all beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions, or a beam that exceeds a specified RSRP, RSRQ, or SNR threshold as measured by the base station. In this case, the size of the field is equal to: ceil (log2 (the number of Tx beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions) ) .
[0312] The proposed methods for indicating a Tx beam to the UE, as outlined in Embodiment 2, provide a precise mechanism for selecting and signaling the optimal transmission beam during the random access procedure. By leveraging various approaches, such as using RAR fields, RA-RNTIs, DMRS, or time / frequency resources, these methods enhance the coverage and efficiency of subsequent transmissions, including Msg3 PUSCH, Msg5 PUSCH, and common PUCCH for HARQ-ACK. This approach improves communication reliability and coverage by ensuring that subsequent transmissions use the most suitable Tx beam based on RSRP, RSRQ, or SNR metrics. It also reduces ambiguity, minimizes signaling overhead, and enhances overall network performance by dynamically adapting to network conditions and optimizing beam usage for multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0313] Embodiment 3: SUL enhancements for random access (Msg1 / MsgA) .
[0314] This disclosure proposes method (s) for configuring multiple SUL (s) within a cell or serving cell. When more than one SUL is configured for a serving cell, the UE can utilize one or more SULs for random access. This allows for more UL resources to be allocated to a set of UEs within a cell, thereby reducing the collision probability between UEs during Msg1 / MsgA transmission. Additionally, the latency of the random access procedure for a UE can be decreased.
[0315] In the current specification, only one SUL can be configured for a serving cell for random access. However, with the increasing number of UEs, the collision probability between UEs within a serving cell will increase. Therefore, configuring more than one SUL for a cell or serving cell during random access is beneficial in decreasing the collision probability among UEs.
[0316] When more than one SUL is configured for a serving cell, the method by which the UE selects a UL channel from the available UL channels for Msg1 transmission needs further study. The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0317] Method 1: A set of RSRP values for the SSB can be configured by the base station via SIB1, MIB, or other system information. In some embodiments, SSB RSRP values are configured by the base station via a system information block 1 (SIB1) , a master information block (MIB) , or another system information, and each SUL channel is associated with a range of the SSB RSRP values. In some embodiments, the UE determines the UL channel for transmitting the RACH sequence for the Msg1 based on the range of the SSB RSRP values associated with each SUL channel.
[0318] Each SUL can be associated with a specific range of SSB RSRP values. If the UE receives an SSB RSRP value within a certain range, it chooses the corresponding SUL associated with that RSRP range for Msg1 / MsgA transmission. In other words, the SUL used for Msg1 / MsgA transmission is based on the received SSB RSRP value.
[0319] For example, if a total of four SULs are configured for a cell / serving cell, four RSRP ranges can be set, with each SSB RSRP range corresponding to one SUL or one SUL index, as shown in Table 2.
[0320] When the received RSRP value of the SSB at the UE side is above A and below or equal to B, the UE chooses SUL1 for Msg1 / MsgA transmission.
[0321] When the received RSRP value of the SSB at the UE side is above B and below or equal to C, the UE chooses SUL2 for Msg1 / MsgA transmission.
[0322] When the received RSRP value of the SSB at the UE side is above C and below or equal to D, the UE chooses SUL3 for Msg1 / MsgA transmission.
[0323] When the received RSRP value of the SSB at the UE side is above D and below or equal to F, the UE chooses SUL4 for Msg1 / MsgA transmission.
[0324] Configure a table with SSB-RSRP values along with an offset or an offset list to reduce overhead.
[0325] Table 2: Relationship between RSRP value of SSB and SULs.
[0326] Or
[0327] Table 3: Relationship between RSRP value of SSB and NUL / SULs.
[0328] In some embodiments, the RSRP values of the SSB and a set of offset values can be configured by the base station via SIB1, MIB, or other system information. Each SUL can be associated with a range of SSB RSRP values, and the range can be determined based on the RSRP values and the corresponding offset values. Each SSB RSRP value is calculated as the sum of the RSRP value and the set of offset values. In this way, the signaling overhead for SSB RSRP value configuration can be reduced.
[0329] For example, if the threshold value of the SSB RSRP is configured as A, and the set of offset values is configured as {B, C, D} , the total range of SSB RSRP values is shown in Table 3-1.
[0330] Table 3-1: Relationship between the RSRP value of SSB, A set of offset values and NUL / SULs.
[0331] The size of the set of offset values is related to the number of UL channels within a serving cell or cell.
[0332] For example, the size can be equal to (the number of UL channels within the cell -1) or (the number of SULs within the cell -1) . If the UE receives an SSB RSRP value within a specific range, it selects the corresponding SUL associated with that RSRP range for Msg1 / MsgA transmission. In other words, the SUL used for Msg1 / MsgA transmission is determined based on the received SSB RSRP value.
[0333] Method 2: The gNB can implicitly indicate an SUL based on multiple PRACH transmissions. In some embodiments, a number of repetitions for the multiple PRACH transmissions is used to indicate a corresponding SUL or SUL index, and the UE determines the UL channel for transmitting the RACH sequence for the Msg1 based on an indicated SUL or SUL index. Each repetition count for multiple PRACH transmissions can be used to indicate a specific SUL or SUL index. This approach reduces signaling overhead. Additionally, since each SUL has fewer candidate repetition levels for multiple PRACH transmissions, the RACH occasions established for these transmissions can also be simplified.
[0334] For instance, if four SULs are configured for a serving cell, the candidate repetition counts for multiple PRACH transmissions can be {1, 2, 4, 8} .
[0335] When the total number of multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to 1, the NUL is used for PRACH transmission.
[0336] When the total number of multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to 2, SUL index 1 is used for PRACH transmission.
[0337] When the total number of multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to 4, SUL index 2 is used for PRACH transmission.
[0338] When the total number of multiple PRACH transmissions is equal to 8, SUL index 3 is used for PRACH transmission.
[0339] Method 3: Re-use the current RSRP value of the SSB for NUL and SUL selection, with the actual SUL being implicitly indicated by the gNB.
[0340] The current RSRP value of the SSB can be used to determine whether the UE should use NUL or SUL for random access. For example, if the RSRP value of an SSB is below a threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL) , the UE will use an SUL for random access. However, determining which SUL to use among the available options requires additional criteria.
[0341] The actual SUL for random access can be determined based on the number of repetitions for multiple PRACH transmissions. Each repetition count can correspond to a specific SUL or SUL index.
[0342] If the actual repetition count is 1, SUL 1 is used for PRACH transmission.
[0343] If the actual repetition count is 2, SUL 2 is used for PRACH transmission.
[0344] If the actual repetition count is 4, SUL 3 is used for PRACH transmission.
[0345] If the actual repetition count is 8, SUL 4 is used for PRACH transmission.
[0346] In some embodiments, the UE uses an SSB RSRP value for selecting the NUL channel or the SUL channels for the PRACH transmission (s) ; an actual SUL channel within the serving cell is indicated by the base station; and the UE determines the UL channel for transmitting the RACH sequence for the Msg1 based on the actual SUL. In some embodiments, the actual SUL utilized for random access procedure is determined based on an actual repetition number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, each repetition number of the multiple PRACH transmissions is used to indicate a SUL and / or a SUL index. In some embodiments, the actual SUL for random access procedure is determined based on a RACH preamble sequence.
[0347] Method 4: Re-use the current RSRP value of the SSB for NUL and SUL selection for PRACH transmission, with the actual SUL being implicitly indicated by the base station.
[0348] The UE uses the current RSRP value of the SSB to determine whether NUL or SUL should be used. For instance, if the SSB RSRP value is below a threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL) , the UE will select an SUL for the random access procedure. However, determining which specific SUL to use among multiple available SULs can be achieved through RACH preamble sequences.
[0349] The total number of usable RACH sequences can be split into several groups, denoted as {Group 1, Group 2, ..., Group N} , with each group corresponding to an SUL or SUL index.
[0350] If the RACH sequence generated by the UE belongs to Group 1, SUL 1 is used for random access.
[0351] If the RACH sequence belongs to Group 2, SUL 2 is used for random access.
[0352] If the RACH sequence belongs to Group 3, SUL 3 is used for random access.
[0353] If the RACH sequence belongs to Group 4, SUL 4 is used for random access.
[0354] Method 5: Re-use the current RSRP value of the SSB for NUL and SUL selection for PRACH transmission, with the actual SUL being indicated by the PRACH format.
[0355] Different PRACH formats can be used to indicate specific SULs or SUL indexes. For instance, if three RACH formats are configured for a UE: RACH Format 1 indicates SUL 1. RACH Format 2 indicates SUL 2. RACH Format 3 indicates SUL 3.
[0356] In some embodiments, the UE uses an SSB RSRP values for selecting the NUL channel or the SUL channels for the PRACH transmissions, and an actual SUL channel within the serving cell is indicated by a PRACH format. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises receiving, from the base station, an indication of an UL channel for a Msg3 transmission.
[0357] Embodiment 3 introduces methods for configuring and utilizing multiple supplementary uplinks (SULs) within a serving cell to enhance random access procedures, particularly for Msg1 / MsgA transmissions. By dynamically selecting SULs based on SSB RSRP values, PRACH repetition counts, RACH sequences, or PRACH formats, these methods reduce UE collision probability, optimize uplink resource allocation, and decrease latency during random access. This approach improves network efficiency by mitigating collision risks in high-traffic scenarios and reducing signaling overhead through implicit SUL selection mechanisms. It also enhances uplink coverage, supports flexible resource management, and ensures faster and more reliable random access, particularly in dense network environments.
[0358] Embodiment 4: SUL Enhancements for Random Access (Msg3) :
[0359] This disclosure proposes methods to configure multiple SULs within a cell or serving cell. When more than one SUL is configured for a serving cell, the UE can use one or more SULs for Msg3 transmission. This configuration provides more UL resources for a set of UEs within the serving cell, reducing the collision probability between UEs for Msg3 transmission. As a result, the latency of the random access procedure can be reduced, and the reliability of Msg3 transmission can be improved.
[0360] In the current specification, only one SUL can be configured for a serving cell for random access. However, with the increasing number of UEs, the collision probability between UEs within a serving cell will increase. Configuring more than one SUL for a cell during random access is beneficial for decreasing collision probability, increasing flexibility, and improving coordination between the base station and the UEs during the random access procedure.
[0361] Furthermore, when a UE uses a UL channel (NUL or SUL) for Msg1 or Msg3 transmission, the subsequent transmissions in the random access procedure must use the same UL channel. This requirement can impact the flexibility and capacity of the random access procedure, particularly for Msg3 / Msg5 PUSCH transmissions with repetition. To address this, enabling the base station to indicate the UL channel (NUL or SUL) for Msg3 PUSCH transmission can improve scheduling flexibility and reduce collisions between different UEs.
[0362] How the base station indicates the UL channel to the UE for Msg3 transmission needs further study. The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0363] In some examples, FIG. 12 illustrates that the MAC RAR can be used for UL channel indication for Msg3 transmission.
[0364] Method 1: A field within the RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission, and a new MAC-CE can be introduced for multiple UL channel indications. In some embodiments, the UE determines an indicated UL channel for the Msg3 transmission based on a RAR field, and / or a field with RAR medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) is used to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, a field within the RAR MAC CE can indicate the UL channel used for Msg3 transmission.
[0365] Taking a total of four UL channels (including both SUL and NUL) as an example: 2 bits in the MAC RAR can be used for Msg3 transmission. A state of 0 or "00" can indicate Msg3 transmission using the NUL. A state of 1 or "01" can indicate Msg3 transmission using the first SUL (SUL1) . A state of 2 or "10" can indicate Msg3 transmission using the second SUL (SUL2) . A state of 3 or "11" can indicate Msg3 transmission using the third SUL (SUL3) .
[0366] In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to support using different UL channels between Msg1 and Msg3 transmissions needs to be conveyed by Msg1. After the UE reports its capability, a corresponding MAC RAR can be used. The at least one of following alternatives can be considered for reporting the capability.
[0367] Alternative 1: The capability can be implicitly conveyed using a separate set of RACH sequences. For example, the total candidate RACH sequences within a cell / serving cell can be split into multiple groups, with one group associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it generates / chooses a sequence from this group and transmits the RACH sequence over one or more ROs. When the base station receives a RACH sequence from the designated group, it can identify the UE’s capability.
[0368] Alternative 2: A separate set of RACH ROs can be used to implicitly convey the capability. For instance, the total candidate ROs within a cell / serving cell can be divided into two or more groups, with one group associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it selects and transmits one or more RACH sequences over the designated RO group. When the base station receives a RACH sequence over these ROs, it can infer the UE’s capability.
[0369] Alternative 3: Separate RACH formats can be used to implicitly carry the capability. Multiple RACH formats can be configured for the UE, with each format associated with a specific capability. For example, if two RACH formats are configured (denoted as RACH format 1 and RACH format 2) , and RACH format 1 is associated with the capability, the UE will use RACH format 1 for Msg1 transmission if it supports the capability. Otherwise, it will use RACH format 2.
[0370] Method 2: The UL grant within the RAR can indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission. The 2-bit MSB of the MCS field can specify the SUL for Msg3 transmission when more than one SUL is configured for the UE.In some embodiments, the UE transmits the Msg3 over an indicated SUL channel and the SUL channel is determined based on a RAR UL grant, and the most significant 2 bits (MSB) of the modulation coding scheme (MCS) field is used to indicate the SUL channel for Msg3 transmission when more than one SULs are configured to the UE.
[0371] For example: A 2-bit MSB value of "00" indicates SUL1 for Msg3 transmission. A 2-bit MSB value of "01" indicates SUL2 for Msg3 transmission. A 2-bit MSB value of "10" indicates SUL3 for Msg3 transmission. A 2-bit MSB value of "11" indicates SUL4 for Msg3 transmission. In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to support using different UL channels for Msg1 and Msg3 transmission needs to be conveyed by Msg1. After the UE reports its capability, the 2 MSB of the MCS field within a MAC RAR can be used. The at least one of following alternatives are considered.
[0372] Alternative 1: The capability can be implicitly conveyed using a separate set of RACH sequences. The total candidate RACH sequences within a cell / serving cell can be split into multiple groups, with one group associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it selects a sequence from this group and transmits the RACH sequence over one or more ROs. When the base station receives a RACH sequence from this group, it identifies the UE’s capability.
[0373] Alternative 2: Separate RACH ROs can implicitly convey the capability. The total candidate ROs within a cell / serving cell can be divided into two or more groups, with one group associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it transmits one or more RACH sequences over the designated RO group. When the base station receives a RACH sequence over these ROs, it determines the UE’s capability.
[0374] Alternative 3: Separate RACH formats can be used to implicitly convey the capability. Multiple RACH formats can be configured for the UE, with each format associated with a specific capability. For example, if two RACH formats are configured (RACH format 1 and RACH format 2) , and RACH format 1 is linked to the capability, the UE will use RACH format 1 for Msg1 transmission if it supports the capability; otherwise, it will use RACH format 2.
[0375] Method 3: The TDRA (Time Domain Resource Allocation) of the UL grant within the RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission. In other words, the SUL (Supplementary Uplink) indication for Msg3 transmission is jointly coded with the TDRA table of Msg3. In some embodiments, the UE transmits the Msg3 transmission over an indicated SUL channel and the SUL channel is determined based on a time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) table of an UL grant within an RAR.
[0376] For example, a new column can be added to the PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) TDRA table, and this new column is used to indicate the SUL index. The SUL for Msg3 transmission is determined based on the SUL indication provided in the table. An example is shown in Table 4.
[0377] Table 4: one column used to indicate a UL channel for Msg3 transmission.
[0378] Note: Other TDRA tables defined in TS 38.214 can also be used to indicate a UL channel for Msg3 transmissions. FIG. 13 illustrates an example where the frequency starting point of the RAR is used to indicate the UL index for Msg3 transmission.
[0379] Method 4: The SUL (Supplementary Uplink) for Msg3 transmission is based on the time and / or frequency resource (s) of the RAR. Different time or frequency resource starting points of the RAR can be used to indicate the SUL or SUL index for Msg3 transmission.
[0380] The base station can split the initial DL (Downlink) BWP (Bandwidth Part) into multiple portions. When the frequency resource starting point of the RAR is located within a specific portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and can be used for Msg3 transmission. In some embodiments, the UE determines the SUL channels for the Msg3 transmission based on a starting point of an RAR in a time and frequency domain, and transmits the Msg3 transmission over the determined SUL channels.
[0381] For example, as shown in FIG. 13, consider a serving cell with four UL channels. The base station divides the initial DL BWP into four portions, denoted as {Portion 1, Portion 2, Portion 3, Portion 4} . Each portion of the initial DL BWP is associated with a specific UL index: Portion 1: Associated with UL index 1. Portion 2: Associated with UL index 2. Portion 3: Associated with UL index 3. Portion 4: Associated with UL index 4. If the frequency starting point of the RAR is located within: Portion 1, then UL index 1 is used for Msg3 transmission. Portion 2, then UL index 2 is used for Msg3 transmission. Portion 3, then UL index 3 is used for Msg3 transmission. Portion 4, then UL index 4 is used for Msg3 transmission.
[0382] FIG. 14 illustrates an example where the time domain starting point of the RAR is used to indicate the UL index for Msg3 transmission. The base station can split the candidate RAR window (e.g., the value of the candidate RAR window equals the RAR window size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions. When the time domain starting point of the RAR is located within a specific portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and can be used for Msg3 transmission.
[0383] For instance, as shown in FIG. 14, consider a serving cell with four UL channels. The base station divides the candidate RAR window into four portions, denoted as {Portion 1, Portion 2, Portion 3, Portion 4} . Each portion of the candidate RAR window is associated with a specific UL index: Portion 1: Associated with UL index 1. Portion 2: Associated with UL index 2. Portion 3: Associated with UL index 3. Portion 4: Associated with UL index 4.
[0384] If the time starting point of the RAR is located within: Portion 1, then UL index 1 is used for Msg3 transmission. Portion 2, then UL index 2 is used for Msg3 transmission. Portion 3, then UL index 3 is used for Msg3 transmission. Portion 4, then UL index 4 is used for Msg3 transmission.
[0385] Method 5: The SUL for Msg3 transmission is based on the time and / or frequency resource of the scheduling DCI of the RAR. Different time and / or frequency starting points of the scheduling PDCCH for the RAR can be used to indicate the SUL / SUL index for Msg3 transmission.
[0386] In some embodiments, the UE determines the SUL channels for the Msg3 transmission based on a scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for an RAR and transmits the Msg3 transmission over determined SUL channels. In some embodiments, the supplementary uplink (SUL) channel for Msg3 transmission is determined based on a time and / or frequency starting point of a scheduling Downlink Control Information (DCI) for the Random Access Response (RAR) .
[0387] The base station can split the CORESET 0 / 0A into multiple portions. When the frequency resource starting point of the RAR scheduling DCI is located in a specific portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and can be used for Msg3 transmission.
[0388] Alternatively, the base station can split the candidate RAR window (e.g., the value of the candidate RAR window is equal to the RAR window size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions. When the time domain starting point of the scheduling RAR’s DCI is located in a specific portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and can be used for Msg3 transmission.
[0389] Method 6: The SUL / UL channel for Msg3 transmission is indicated by the base station using RA-RNTI, with different RA-RNTIs representing specific SUL / SUL indexes. In some embodiments, the UE determines the SUL channels or the UL channel for the Msg3 transmission based on a random access-radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) indicated by the base station and transmits the Msg3 transmission over determined SUL channels or the UL channel. For instance, consider a scenario where four UL channels (denoted as NUL, SUL1, SUL2, and SUL3) are configured to a serving cell. RA-RNTI1 can indicate NUL as the channel for Msg3 transmission, RA-RNTI2 can indicate SUL1, RA-RNTI3 can indicate SUL2, and RA-RNTI4 can indicate SUL3 as the respective channels for Msg3 transmission. In other words, the UE needs to monitor the scheduling RAR's DCI associated with different RA-RNTIs.
[0390] In addition, the RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH occasion and UL channel for Msg3 transmission, or the RA-RNTI associated with the last valid PRACH occasion in the set of PRACH occasions and UL channel for Msg3 transmission, is computed as follows: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 ×ul_carrier_id.
[0391] Where: s_id is the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ s_id < 14) . t_id is the index of the first slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (0 ≤ t_id < 80) . The subcarrier spacing used to determine t_id is based on the value of μ specified in clause 5.3.2 of TS 38.211: For μ = {0, 1, 2, 3} , t_id is determined accordingly. For μ = {5, 6} , t_id is the index of the 120 kHz slot in a system frame that contains the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ t_id <80) . f_id is the index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (0 ≤ f_id < 8) . ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Random Access Preamble transmission, where: 0 represents UL carrier 1, 1 represents UL carrier 2, 2 represents UL carrier 3, and so on.
[0392] In some embodiments, whether NUL or SUL is used for Msg3 transmission is determined based on the SSB RSRP value. If the received RSRP of SSBs at the UE side is greater than or equal to the SSB RSRP value, NUL is used for Msg3 transmission. Conversely, if the received RSRP of SSBs at the UE side is less than the SSB RSRP value, one SUL from a set of SULs is used for Msg3 transmission. The specific SUL within the set used for Msg3 transmission is implicitly indicated by the base station via RA-RNTI.
[0393] For example, consider a serving cell configured with three SUL channels (denoted as SUL1, SUL2, and SUL3) : RA-RNTI1 indicates SUL1 for Msg3 transmission, RA-RNTI2 indicates SUL2 for Msg3 transmission, and RA-RNTI3 indicates SUL3 for Msg3 transmission. In other words, the UE needs to monitor the scheduling RAR’s DCI associated with different RA-RNTIs.
[0394] Additionally, the RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH occasion and UL channel for Msg3 transmission, or the RA-RNTI associated with the last valid PRACH occasion in the set of PRACH occasions and UL channel for Msg3 transmission, is computed as follows: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 ×ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × sul_carrier_id.
[0395] Where: s_id is the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ s_id < 14) . t_id is the index of the first slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (0 ≤ t_id < 80) . The subcarrier spacing used to determine t_id is based on the value of μ specified in clause 5.3.2 of TS 38.211: For μ = {0, 1, 2, 3} , t_id is determined accordingly. For μ = {5, 6} , t_id is the index of the 120 kHz slot in a system frame containing the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ t_id <80) . f_id is the index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (0 ≤ f_id < 8) . ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Random Access Preamble transmission (0 for NUL carrier 1) . sul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Random Access Preamble transmission (0 for SUL carrier 1, 1 for SUL carrier 2, 2 for SUL carrier 3) .
[0396] In some embodiments, whether NUL or SUL is used for Msg3 transmission is determined based on the SSB RSRP value. If the received RSRP of SSBs at the UE side is greater than or equal to the SSB RSRP value, NUL is used for Msg3 transmission. Conversely, if the received RSRP of SSBs at the UE side is less than the SSB RSRP value, one SUL from a set of SULs (excluding SUL1) is used for Msg3 transmission. The specific SUL within the set used for Msg3 transmission is implicitly indicated by the base station via RA-RNTI.
[0397] For example, consider a serving cell configured with three SUL channels (denoted as SUL2, SUL3, and SUL4) : RA-RNTI1 indicates SUL1 for Msg3 transmission, RA-RNTI2 indicates SUL2 for Msg3 transmission, and RA-RNTI3 indicates SUL3 for Msg3 transmission. In other words, the UE needs to monitor the scheduling RAR’s DCI associated with different RA-RNTIs.
[0398] Additionally, the RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH occasion and UL channel for Msg3 transmission, or the RA-RNTI associated with the last valid PRACH occasion in the set of PRACH occasions and UL channel for Msg3 transmission, is computed as follows: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 ×ul_carrier_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × 2 × sul_carrier_id.
[0399] Where: s_id is the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ s_id < 14) . t_id is the index of the first slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (0 ≤ t_id < 80) . The subcarrier spacing used to determine t_id is based on the value of μ specified in clause 5.3.2 of TS 38.211: For μ = {0, 1, 2, 3} , t_id is determined accordingly. For μ = {5, 6} , t_id is the index of the 120 kHz slot in a system frame containing the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ t_id <80) . f_id is the index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (0 ≤ f_id < 8) . ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Random Access Preamble transmission (0 for NUL carrier 1) . sul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Random Access Preamble transmission (0 for SUL carrier 1, 1 for SUL carrier 2, and 2 for SUL carrier 3) .
[0400] Method 7: The SUL for Msg3 transmission is indicated by the base station using the repetition number of the Msg3 PUSCH. Different repetition numbers of the Msg3 PUSCH transmission can be used to indicate a specific SUL for Msg3 transmission. In some embodiments, the UE determines the SUL channels for the Msg3 transmission based on a repetition number of Msg3 physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions indicated by the base station and transmits the Msg3 transmission over determined SUL channels.
[0401] For example, as shown in Table 5. When the number of repetitions of Msg3 PUSCH is 1, NUL is used for Msg3 transmission. When the number of repetitions of Msg3 PUSCH is 2, SUL1 is used for Msg3 transmission. When the number of repetitions of Msg3 PUSCH is 4, SUL2 is used for Msg3 transmission. When the number of repetitions of Msg3 PUSCH is 8, SUL3 is used for Msg3 transmission.
[0402] Table 5: The relationship between the number of repetitions of Msg3 UL channel used for Msg3 transmission.
[0403] Method 8: A field within an RAR’s scheduling DCI can be used to indicate a UL channel for Msg3 transmission.
[0404] In some embodiments, the UE determines the UL channel for the Msg3 transmission based on a field in a scheduling downlink control information (DCI) of an RAR and transmits the Msg3 transmission over the UL channel. For example, consider a scenario with a total of four UL channels (including both SUL and NUL) : 2 bits within the MAC RAR can be used for Msg3 transmission. A state of 0 or "00" indicates Msg3 transmission using NUL. A state of 1 or "01" indicates Msg3 transmission using the first SUL (SUL1) . A state of 2 or "10" indicates Msg3 transmission using the second SUL (SUL2) . A state of 3 or "11" indicates Msg3 transmission using the third SUL (SUL3) .
[0405] Embodiment 4 introduces enhancements for Msg3 transmissions in random access procedures by enabling the configuration and selection of multiple supplementary uplinks (SULs) . This approach provides additional uplink resources, reducing collision probabilities and latency for Msg3 transmissions, and improving overall reliability and flexibility in the random access procedure. Various methods are proposed, including using MAC RAR fields, RSRP thresholds, RA-RNTI, and Msg3 PUSCH repetition numbers to indicate specific SULs. These enhancements significantly improve network efficiency by reducing contention among UEs, enhancing uplink coverage, and enabling dynamic resource allocation. The proposed methods ensure faster and more reliable Msg3 transmissions, optimizing the random access procedure in dense network environments while maintaining backward compatibility with existing configurations.
[0406] Embodiment 5: UL Channel Indication for Msg5 PUSCH Transmission.
[0407] This disclosure proposes methods to configure multiple SUL (s) within a cell or serving cell. When more than one SUL is configured for a serving cell, the UE can use one or more SUL (s) for Msg5 transmission. This approach provides additional UL resources for a set of UEs within the serving cell, reducing the collision probability between UEs for Msg5 transmission. Consequently, the latency of the random access procedure is reduced, and the reliability of Msg5 transmission is improved.
[0408] In the current specification, only one SUL can be configured for random access in a serving cell. However, with the increasing number of UEs, the collision probability within a serving cell increases. Configuring multiple SUL (s) for a cell during random access can decrease collision probability and provide greater flexibility for base stations during the random access procedure.
[0409] Moreover, when a UE uses a UL channel (NUL or SUL) for Msg1 or Msg3 transmission, subsequent transmissions in the random access procedure must use the same UL channel. This limitation impacts the flexibility and capacity of the random access procedure, especially for Msg3 / Msg5 PUSCH transmissions with repetition. Enabling the indication of the UL channel (NUL or SUL) for Msg5 PUSCH transmission can improve scheduling flexibility and reduce collisions between UEs.
[0410] In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to utilize different UL channels for the transmission of Msg3 and Msg5 can be conveyed within Msg3. After the UE reports its capability, a corresponding scheduling DCI for Msg5 PUSCH can be used. A field within Msg3, such as a single bit, can report this capability. A state of "0" indicates that the UE does not support the use of a different UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission compared to Msg3. A state of "1" indicates that the UE does support the use of a different UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission compared to Msg3.
[0411] In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises transmitting, by the UE, a PUSCH for a Msg5 over the indicated UL channel. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises receiving, from the base station, an indication of the UL channel for Msg5 transmission according to at least one of following methods: wherein when more than one SULs is configured to a serving cell / cell, 2 MSB bits of MCS with a Msg5 PUSCH’s scheduling DCI can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission when more than one SULs is configured; and / or wherein the SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency resources of Msg4, different T / F starting points of Msg4 are used to indicate the SUL / SUL index for Msg5 PUSCH transmission; and / or wherein the SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency resource of scheduling PDCCH of Msg4, different T / F starting points of the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4 are used to indicate the SUL / SUL index for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0412] In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to support different UL channels for Msg3 and Msg5 transmission is carried by Msg1. After the UE reports its capability, the at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0413] Alternative 1: The capability is implicitly conveyed using a separate RACH sequence set. The total candidate RACH sequences within a cell / serving cell are divided into multiple groups. A specific group of RACH sequences is associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it generates / chooses a sequence from this group and transmits it over one or more ROs. Upon receiving a RACH sequence from the group, the base station recognizes the UE's capability.
[0414] Alternative 2: The capability is implicitly conveyed using a separate RACH RO set. The total candidate ROs within a cell / serving cell are divided into two or more groups. A specific group of RACH ROs is associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it generates / chooses a sequence and transmits one or more RACH sequences over the ROs in the group. Upon receiving a RACH sequence from the group, the base station recognizes the UE's capability.
[0415] Alternative 3: The capability is implicitly conveyed using separate RACH formats. More than one RACH format is configured for the UE, with each format associated with the capability. For example, if two RACH formats are configured (RACH format 1 and RACH format 2) : RACH format 1 is associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it uses RACH format 1 for Msg1 transmission. Otherwise, it uses RACH format 2. In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to support using different UL channels for Msg1, Msg3, and Msg5 transmission is carried by Msg1.
[0416] How to Indicate a UL Channel by Base Station to UE for Msg5 Transmission:
[0417] The at least one of following methods can be considered for indicating a UL channel by the base station to the UE for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0418] Method 1: Using MCS Bits in Msg5 PUSCH Scheduling DCI.
[0419] When more than one SUL is configured for a serving cell. 2 MSB (Most Significant Bits) of the MCS in the Msg5 PUSCH’s scheduling DCI can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. For example: If the state of the 2 MSB bits is "00" , then NUL / SUL1 can be used for Msg5 transmission. If the state of the 2 MSB bits is "01" , then SUL2 / SUL1 can be used for Msg5 transmission. If the state of the 2 MSB bits is "10" , then SUL2 / SUL3 can be used for Msg5 transmission. If the state of the 2 MSB bits is "11" , then SUL3 / SUL4 can be used for Msg5 transmission.
[0420] Alternative: A combination of 1 MSB bit of MCS and 1 UL / SUL indicator field in the Msg5 PUSCH’s scheduling DCI can also be used to indicate the UL channel. For example: If the 2 bits indicate "00" , then NUL is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. If the 2 bits indicate "01" , then SUL1 is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. If the 2 bits indicate "10" , then SUL2 is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. If the 2 bits indicate "11" , then SUL3 is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0421] Method 2: Based on Time and / or Frequency Resources of Msg4.
[0422] The SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission can be determined based on the time and / or frequency resources of Msg4.
[0423] Frequency Resource: The base station splits the initial DL BWP into multiple portions. When the frequency resource starting point of Msg4 is located within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0424] Time Resource: The base station splits the candidate ra-ContentionResolutionTimer window (equal to the ra-ContentionResolutionTimer size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions.
[0425] When the time domain starting point of Msg4 falls within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0426] Method 3: Based on Time and / or Frequency Resources of Scheduling PDCCH of Msg4.
[0427] The SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission can also be determined based on the time and / or frequency resources of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4.
[0428] Frequency Resource: The base station splits the CORESET for the PDCCH into multiple portions.
[0429] When the frequency resource starting point of the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4 falls within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0430] Time Resource: The base station splits the candidate time window (equal to the ra-ContentionResolutionTimer size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions.
[0431] When the time domain starting point of the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4 falls within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0432] Method 4: The SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency resource of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg5. Different time and frequency (T / F) starting points of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg5 can be used to indicate the SUL or SUL index for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0433] Frequency Resource: The base station splits the CORESET for the PDCCH into multiple portions. When the frequency resource starting point of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg5 is located within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and can be used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0434] Time Resource: The base station splits the candidate time window (e.g., the value of the candidate time window is equal to the ra-ContentionResolutionTimer size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions. When the time domain starting point of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg5 is located within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and can be used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0435] Method 5: The SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is indicated by the base station using the repetition number of Msg5 PUSCH. Different repetition numbers of Msg5 PUSCH can be used to indicate a specific SUL or UL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0436] For example, consider a total of four UL channels within a serving cell: If the number of repetitions of Msg5 PUSCH is 1, the NUL is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. If the number of repetitions of Msg5 PUSCH is 2, SUL1 is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. If the number of repetitions of Msg5 PUSCH is 4, SUL2 is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. If the number of repetitions of Msg5 PUSCH is 8, SUL3 is used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0437] Method 6: The UL channel used for Msg3 transmission can also be used for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0438] Alternative 1: A field within the RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. A new MAC-CE is introduced for indicating multiple UL channels.
[0439] Alternative 2: The UL grant within the RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. Additionally, the 2 MSB bits of MCS can be used to indicate the SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission when more than one SUL is configured for the UE.
[0440] Alternative 3: The TDRA of the UL grant within the RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission. In this case, the SUL indication for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is jointly coded with the TDRA table of Msg3.
[0441] Alternative 4: The SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency resource of the RAR.
[0442] Frequency Resource: The base station splits the initial DL BWP into multiple portions. If the frequency resource starting point of the RAR is located in a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0443] Time Resource: The base station splits the candidate RAR window (e.g., equal to the RAR window size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions. If the time domain starting point of the RAR falls within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0444] Alternative 5: The SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency resource of the scheduling DCI of the RAR.
[0445] Frequency Resource: The base station splits the CORESET 0 / 0A into multiple portions. If the frequency resource starting point of the RAR scheduling DCI falls within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0446] Time Resource: The base station splits the candidate RAR window (e.g., equal to the RAR window size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions. If the time domain starting point of the RAR scheduling DCI falls within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0447] Alternative 6: The UL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is indicated by the base station via RA-RNTI. Different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate the SUL or SUL index.
[0448] Alternative 7: The SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is indicated by the base station using the repetition number of Msg3. Different repetition numbers of Msg3 can be used to indicate an SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0449] Alternative 8: A field within an RAR’s scheduling DCI can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.
[0450] Embodiment 5 introduces methods to enhance Msg5 PUSCH transmission by enabling the use of multiple supplementary uplinks (SULs) within a serving cell. This approach reduces collision probability, improves scheduling flexibility, and enhances the reliability of Msg5 transmissions during random access procedures. The proposal includes various methods for indicating UL channels, such as utilizing MCS bits, time / frequency resources, repetition numbers, and RA-RNTIs, ensuring effective resource allocation and coordination between base stations and UEs. These enhancements increase network efficiency by minimizing contention, reducing latency, and improving transmission reliability for Msg5. They also provide greater flexibility in scheduling uplink channels, accommodating diverse network conditions and the growing number of connected UEs. This results in a more robust and scalable communication system.
[0451] Embodiment 6: PUCCH for HARQ-ACK Feedback.
[0452] This disclosure proposes methods for configuring multiple SUL (s) within a cell or serving cell. When more than one SUL is configured for a serving cell, the UE can use one or more SUL (s) for Msg4 HARQ-ACK transmission. This provides additional UL resources for a set of UEs within the serving cell, reducing the collision probability during Msg4 HARQ-ACK transmission. As a result, the latency of the random access procedure is decreased, and the reliability of Msg4 HARQ-ACK transmission is improved.
[0453] Currently, only one SUL can be configured for random access in a serving cell. However, as the number of UEs increases, the collision probability within the serving cell also increases. Configuring multiple SUL (s) for random access reduces this collision probability and provides greater flexibility for the base station during the random access procedure.
[0454] Moreover, when the UE uses a UL channel for Msg1 or Msg3 transmission, subsequent transmissions in the random access procedure must use the same UL channel. This limitation impacts the flexibility and capacity of the random access procedure, particularly for Msg3 and Msg5 PUSCH transmissions with repetition.
[0455] Enabling the indication of the UL channel (NUL or SUL) for Msg4 HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission can improve scheduling flexibility and reduce collisions between UEs.
[0456] In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to utilize different UL channels for the transmission of Msg3 and Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH can be conveyed within Msg3. After the UE reports its capability, a corresponding scheduling DCI for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH can be used.
[0457] In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises receiving, from the base station, an indication of an UL channel for a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of a Msg4; and / or transmitting, by the UE, a feedback of the HARQ-ACK over an indicated UL channel for the Msg4. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises receiving, from the base station, an indication of the UL channel within multiple UL channels of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for Msg4 HARQ-ACK feedback transmission according to at least one of following methods: wherein a field within Msg4 is used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission, 2 bits within Msg4 are used to indicate the SUL / UL for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SUL is configured to UE; and / or wherein the SUL for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH is based on time and / or frequency domain (T / F) resources of Msg4 PDSCH or a scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH, different T / F starting points of Msg4 PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH is used to indicate a SUL index; and / or a field within a Msg4’s DCI is used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission, 2 bits within the Msg4’s DCI are used to indicate the SUL / UL for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SULs is configured to UE.
[0458] A field within Msg3 can be employed to report this capability. For example, a single bit within Msg3 can indicate the at least one of following states: "0" : The UE does not support the use of a different UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission compared to Msg3. "1" : The UE supports the use of a different UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission compared to Msg3.
[0459] In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to support the use of different UL channels for Msg3 and Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is carried by Msg1. After the UE reports its capability, the at least one of following alternatives can be considered to report the capability.
[0460] Alternative 1: The capability can be implicitly conveyed using a separate RACH sequence set.
[0461] The total candidate RACH sequences within a cell / serving cell are split into multiple groups. A specific group of RACH sequences is associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it generates / chooses a sequence from the group and transmits the RACH sequence over one or more ROs. When the base station receives a RACH sequence within the group, it recognizes the UE’s capability.
[0462] Alternative 2: A separate RACH RO set can be used to implicitly carry the capability.
[0463] The total candidate ROs within a cell / serving cell are split into two or more groups. A specific group of RACH ROs is associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it generates / chooses a sequence and transmits one or more RACH sequences over the RO group. When the base station receives a RACH sequence over one or more ROs within the group, it recognizes the UE’s capability.
[0464] Alternative 3: Separate RACH formats can be used to implicitly carry the capability.
[0465] More than one RACH format is configured for the UE, with each format associated with the capability. For example: if two RACH formats are configured by the base station (denoted as RACH format 1 and RACH format 2) : RACH format 1 is associated with the capability. If the UE supports the capability, it uses RACH format 1 for Msg1 transmission. Otherwise, it uses RACH format 2.
[0466] Alternative 4: A field within Msg3 can be used to explicitly indicate the UE’s capability.
[0467] For example, one bit within Msg3 can indicate: "0" : The UE does not support using different UL channels for Msg3 and Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. "1" : The UE supports using different UL channels for Msg3 and Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0468] In some embodiments, the capability of a UE to support using different UL channels for Msg1, Msg3, and Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission needs to be carried by Msg1.
[0469] How to Indicate UL Channels Within Multiple UL Channels for PUCCH in Msg4 HARQ-ACK Feedback Transmission:
[0470] The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0471] Method 1: A field within Msg4 can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. 2 bits within Msg4 are used to indicate the SUL / UL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SUL is configured for the UE. For example: If the state of the 2 bits is "00" , NUL / SUL1 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. If the state of the 2 bits is "01" , SUL1 / SUL2 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. If the state of the 2 bits is "10" , SUL2 / SUL3 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. If the state of the 2 bits is "11" , SUL3 / SUL4 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0472] Method 2: The TDRA of the DL grant for Msg4 scheduling can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0473] In this method, the SUL / UL indication for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is jointly coded with the TDRA table. For example, a new column is added to the PDSCH TDRA table, which is used to indicate an SUL / UL index.
[0474] Method 3: The SUL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency domain (T / F) resources of Msg4 PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH.
[0475] Different T / F starting points of Msg4 PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH can be used to indicate the SUL index.
[0476] Method 4: A field within Msg4’s DCI can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0477] 2 bits within Msg4’s DCI are used to indicate the SUL / UL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SUL is configured for the UE. For example: If the state of the 2 bits is "00" , NUL / SUL1 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. If the state of the 2 bits is "01" , SUL1 / SUL2 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. If the state of the 2 bits is "10" , SUL2 / SUL3 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. If the state of the 2 bits is "11" , SUL3 / SUL4 can be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0478] Method 5: The SUL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH is indicated by the base station via the repetition number of Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH.
[0479] Different repetition numbers of Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH can be used to indicate a specific SUL / UL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0480] Method 6: The SUL / UL used for Msg3 transmission can also be used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0481] Alternative 1: A field within the RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. A new MAC-CE is introduced to indicate multiple UL channels.
[0482] Alternative 2: The UL grant within the RAR can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. Additionally, the 2 MSB bits of MCS can indicate the SUL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SUL is configured for the UE.
[0483] Alternative 3: The TDRA of the UL grant within the RAR can indicate the UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission. In this approach, the SUL indication for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is jointly coded with the TDRA table of Msg3.
[0484] Alternative 4: The SUL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is based on the time and / or frequency resource of the RAR.
[0485] Frequency Resource: The base station splits the initial DL BWP into multiple portions. If the frequency resource starting point of the RAR is located within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0486] Time Resource: The base station splits the candidate RAR window (e.g., equal to the RAR window size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions. If the time domain starting point of the RAR is located within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0487] Alternative 5: The SUL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is based on the time and / or frequency resource of the scheduling DCI for the RAR.
[0488] Frequency Resource: The base station splits the CORESET 0 / 0A into multiple portions. If the frequency resource starting point of the RAR scheduling DCI is located within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0489] Time Resource: The base station splits the candidate RAR window (e.g., equal to the RAR window size configured by a higher layer) into multiple portions.
[0490] If the time domain starting point of the RAR scheduling DCI is located within a portion, the corresponding UL channel is indicated and used for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0491] Alternative 6: The UL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is indicated by the base station via RA-RNTI.
[0492] Different RA-RNTIs can be used to indicate the SUL / SUL index.
[0493] Alternative 7: The SUL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission is indicated by the base station via the repetition number of Msg3.
[0494] Different repetition numbers of Msg3 can be used to indicate the SUL for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0495] Alternative 8: A field within the RAR’s scheduling DCI can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4’s HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission.
[0496] Embodiment 6 proposes enhancements for Msg4 HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission by enabling the use of multiple supplementary uplinks (SULs) within a serving cell. These methods reduce collision probability, decrease latency, and improve the reliability of Msg4 HARQ-ACK transmission. Various approaches, such as using fields in Msg4, TDRA tables, time / frequency resources, RA-RNTIs, and repetition numbers, ensure efficient UL channel indication and flexible scheduling for HARQ-ACK feedback. The proposed methods enhance network flexibility, optimize resource allocation, and accommodate a growing number of UEs. By reducing contention and improving scheduling efficiency, these enhancements provide a more reliable and scalable solution for HARQ-ACK transmission in random access procedures.
[0497] Embodiment 7: SUL Enhancements for Power Control (SRS TPC) .
[0498] This disclosure proposes methods to indicate power control for SRS when more than one SUL is configured to a serving cell. These methods aim to avoid ambiguity between the base station and UE regarding field size and ordering. The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0499] In some embodiments, a SUL indicator field is defined for each block, and the SUL indicator field is configured with 0 or N bits, where N is a positive integer, to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs in the serving cell. In some embodiments, a SUL indicator field and a transmission power control (TPC) command field are defined for each block, the SUL indicator field is configured with 0 or N bits, where N is a positive integer, to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs in the serving cell, and each TPC command corresponds to a respective UL carrier provided by a higher layer parameter, with the SUL indicator. In some embodiments, the DCI is a group common DCI with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a TPC-SRS-RNTI.
[0500] Method 1: A DCI (e.g., a group common DCI with CRC scrambled by TPC-SRS-RNTI) can be used to indicate transmission power control for a set of UEs. This approach allows flexible indication of the SUL within a serving cell.
[0501] The information transmitted includes lock number 1, block number 2, ..., block number B. The starting position of a block is indicated by the base station. One or two blocks are configured for the UE, where: One block applies to NUL. Another block applies to SUL carriers.
[0502] The at least one of following fields are defined for NUL blocks.
[0503] SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0504] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0505] TPC Command: 2 bits.
[0506] Alternatively, SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0507] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0508] TPC Commands: TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2, ..., TPC command number N.
[0509] Each TPC command applies to a respective UL carrier provided by a high-layer parameter. The at least one of following fields are defined for SUL blocks.
[0510] SUL Indicator: 0, 1, 2, or N bits, where N is a positive integer.
[0511] The SUL indicator is used to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs in a serving cell.
[0512] SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0513] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0514] TPC Command: 2 bits.
[0515] Alternatively, SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0516] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0517] SUL Indicator + TPC Commands: SUL indicator + TPC command number 1, SUL indicator + TPC command number 2, ..., SUL indicator + TPC command number N.
[0518] Each TPC command applies to a respective UL carrier provided by a high-layer parameter. The SUL indicator is used to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs in a serving cell.
[0519] Method 2: A DCI (e.g., a group common DCI with CRC scrambled by TPC-SRS-RNTI) can be used to indicate transmission power control for a set of UEs.
[0520] The at least one of following information is transmitted: block number 1, block number 2, ..., block number B.The starting position of a block is indicated by the base station. One or two blocks are configured for the UE: One block applies to NUL. Another block applies to SUL carriers. The at least one of following fields are defined for each block.
[0521] Option 1:
[0522] UL Indicator: 0, 1, 2, or N bits, where N is a positive integer.
[0523] The UL indicator is used to indicate a UL carrier in a set of UL carriers within a serving cell. The set of UL carriers includes both NUL and SUL.
[0524] SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0525] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0526] TPC Command: 2 bits.
[0527] Option 2:
[0528] UL Indicator: 0, 1, 2, or N bits, where N is a positive integer.
[0529] The UL indicator is used to indicate a UL carrier in a set of UL carriers within a serving cell.
[0530] The set of UL carriers includes both NUL and SUL.
[0531] SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0532] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0533] TPC Commands: TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2, ..., TPC command number N.
[0534] Each TPC command applies to a respective UL carrier provided by a high-layer parameter.
[0535] Option 3:
[0536] SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0537] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0538] SUL Indicator + TPC Commands: SUL indicator + TPC command number 1, SUL indicator + TPC command number 2, ..., SUL indicator + TPC command number N.
[0539] Each TPC command applies to a respective UL carrier provided by a high-layer parameter.
[0540] The SUL indicator is used to indicate a SUL or NUL in the set of {SUL + NUL} within a serving cell.
[0541] Method 3: The SUL indicator is provided by the base station via RRC, enabling the actual SUL within a serving cell to be semi-statically determined.
[0542] A DCI (e.g., a group common DCI with CRC scrambled by TPC-SRS-RNTI) can then be used to indicate transmission power control for a set of UEs. The at least one of following information is transmitted: block number 1, block number 2, ..., block number B. The starting position of a block is indicated by the base station. One or two blocks are configured for the UE: One block applies to NUL. Another block applies to SUL carriers. The at least one of following fields are defined for each block.
[0543] Option 1:
[0544] SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0545] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0546] TPC Command: 2 bits.
[0547] Option 2:
[0548] SRS Request: 0 or 2 bits.
[0549] The presence of this field is indicated by the base station.
[0550] TPC Commands: TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2, ..., TPC command number N.
[0551] Each TPC command applies to a respective UL carrier provided by a high-layer parameter.
[0552] For example, the SUL indicator can be indicated as follows.
[0553] Where N is an integer, the value of N can be equal to the number of SUL within a serving cell.
[0554] Embodiment 7 introduces methods for SUL enhancements in power control, specifically for Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmission power control (TPC) . These methods provide clear indications for SUL configuration, enabling efficient power control across multiple uplinks in a serving cell. By utilizing SUL indicators within DCI or semi-static configurations via RRC, ambiguity between the base station and UE is minimized, enhancing transmission efficiency and reliability. The proposed methods improve flexibility in managing power control for multiple SULs, reduce signaling overhead, and ensure seamless coordination between the base station and UEs. This results in optimized resource allocation, reduced collision probability, and enhanced system performance, particularly in high-density network environments.
[0555] Embodiment 8: SUL Enhancements for Data Transmission.
[0556] This disclosure proposes configuring multiple SUL (s) within a cell or serving cell. When more than one SUL is configured for a serving cell, the UE can use one or more SUL (s) for data transmission. This approach enhances UL coverage capability, UL capacity, and UL data rates, while also decreasing the latency of UL data transmission.
[0557] In the current specification, a serving cell can be configured with up to two UL channels: One channel is NUL. Another channel is SUL. The UE is allowed to use only one of these two channels for UL data transmission. However, for certain services requiring high data rates, high reliability, and low latency, the limited number of SULs cannot meet service requirements. Therefore, configuring more than one SUL for a serving cell is necessary to support such services.
[0558] In some embodiments, when two UL channels with the same subcarrier spacing (SCS) are used for data transmission to the UE, a hybrid automatic repeat request identifier (HARQ-ID) calculation for each configured grant (CG) of each of the multiple SUL channels is based on the following operation: finding least common multiple periods of all CG configuration periods over the two SULs, and ordering the SUL channels from a small CG period to a large CG period. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises receiving, from the base station, an indication of multiple UL channels for data transmission, wherein in the indication of multiple UL channels, a field within a downlink control information (DCI) is used to indicate one UL channel to the UE for UL data transmission, and / or frequency resources are connected as an entity, a frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) field size is based on the entity, and a connected order is from the smallest index of UL channels to the largest index of UL channels.
[0559] In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises transmitting, to the base station, data over indicated UL channels, wherein for the indicated UL channels with more than one SCS, a processing time of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is based on a numerology between a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the PUSCH over an SUL channel with the smallest SCS among the SUL channels, and / or the processing time of the PUSCH is based on a numerology between the PDCCH and the PUSCH over an SUL channel with the smallest or largest index. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises receiving, from the base station, a retransmission scheduling grant indicating the UL channels for retransmission if one or more TBs are transmitted incorrectly, wherein N bits within the DCI is used to indicate an initial-transmission UL channel; and / or retransmitting, to the base station, the one or more TBs over the indicated UL channels based on the retransmission scheduling grant; and / or a HARQ-ID is split into two groups via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) . In some embodiments, a HARQ-ID is split into two groups via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) .
[0560] How to Indicate the SUL (s) to a UE: This example proposes methods to indicate the UL channels for UL data transmission. One or more SULs can be used for data transmission.
[0561] A field within a DCI can be used to indicate one UL channel to the UE for UL data transmission. The size of the field is configurable and is equal to log2 (number of UL channels within a serving cell) . Each state of the field is used to indicate a specific UL channel (including both NUL and SUL) to the UE for data transmission, as shown in Table 6.
[0562] Table 6: UL channel indication for a UE.
[0563] In some embodiments, N bits within a DCI format can be used to indicate the SUL for data transmission. The DCI is utilized for UL data scheduling. One or more SULs, or a combination of NUL and SUL, can be used for UL data transmission. For example, consider 3 SULs within a serving cell, as shown in Table 7.
[0564] Table 7: UL channel indication for a UE.
[0565] FIG. 15 illustrates an example where more than one SUL frequency resource is connected as an entity. In addition, when more than one UL channel is indicated to a UE for UL data transmission, the method for determining the FDRA (Frequency Domain Resource Allocation) for the UE must be specified. If more than one SUL is configured for data transmission, all frequency resources of these SULs can be used as a single entity. The frequency resources can be connected in order, starting from the smallest UL channel index to the largest UL channel index.
[0566] For instance, as shown in FIG. 15, SUL1 and SUL3 within a serving cell are used for UL data transmission. The frequency range of SUL1 is from A to B. The frequency range of SUL3 is from C to D. The connected order is from SUL1 to SUL3, and the size of the connected entity is equal to (B -A + D -C) .
[0567] Assume: The activated BWP (Bandwidth Part) of SUL1 is BWP1. The activated BWP of SUL3 is BWP2. The size of the FDRA field within the DCI is determined as follows.
[0568] If only Resource Type 1 is configured: FDRA field size = ceil (log2 (BWP1 + BWP2) * (BWP1 + BWP2 +1) / 2) bits.
[0569] If only Resource Type 0 is configured: FDRA field size = ceil ( ( (BWP1 + BWP2) + (BWP1_start mod P) ) / P) bits, where P is a set value related to the BWP size, and P can be one of {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128} .
[0570] BWP1_start is the starting PRB (Physical Resource Block) of BWP1.
[0571] If both Resource Allocation Type 1 and Type 2 are configured or dynamically switched: FDRA field size =Max(ceil (log2 (BWP1 + BWP2) * (BWP1 + BWP2 + 1) / 2) , ceil ( ( (BWP1 + BWP2) + (BWP1_start mod P) ) / P) ) +1 bits.
[0572] 1 bit within a DCI format can be used to indicate whether an SUL or NUL can be used for data transmission. Then, N bits within the same DCI format can indicate which SUL or a set of SULs within the serving cell's SULs can be used for UL data transmission. The DCI is used for UL data scheduling.
[0573] The size of N is related to the total number of SULs within a serving cell. For example, N = ceil (log2 (number of SULs -1) ) . RRC can configure multiple UL channels (including both NUL and SUL) within a serving cell. A MAC-CE can be used to activate more than one SUL state. A DCI can then indicate the index of the MAC-CE activated state. Each activated state of UL channels can include one or more UL channels.
[0574] Re-Tx Switching Between SUL and NUL, or Between SUL and SUL:
[0575] In the current specification, up to two UL channels can be configured within a serving cell. It is anticipated that the PUSCH re-transmission of a Transport Block (TB) in the serving cell will occur on the same uplink used for the initial PUSCH transmission of that TB. However, this approach limits the scheduling flexibility at the base station.
[0576] As analyzed, the current SUL band configured for NR is also used by LTE. To avoid collisions between LTE and NR (or the next generation of wireless communication) , it is necessary to implement flexible scheduling for re-transmissions across both NUL and SUL or between SUL and SUL within a serving cell. This ensures enhanced scheduling flexibility and reduced data transmission latency.
[0577] When more than one SUL is configured within a serving cell, and Re-Tx across UL channels is enabled, it is essential to explore methods to eliminate ambiguity between the base station and UE in understanding initial transmissions versus re-transmissions.
[0578] In some embodiments, the UE is required to report its capability to utilize one or more UL channels for data transmission. The re-transmission of a TB can occur across UL channel (s) .
[0579] To Avoid Ambiguity Between Base Station and UE for TB (s) Re-Transmission, the at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0580] Method 1:
[0581] N bits within a DCI can be used to indicate the re-transmission SUL. M bits within a DCI can be used to indicate the UL index of the corresponding initial transmission of the TB. The N bits and M bits within the DCI can indicate the same or different uplinks. This approach supports the TB and HARQ-ID of the UE across UL channels for re-transmission within a serving cell, achieving scheduling flexibility.
[0582] Method 2: The HARQ-ID can be split into two groups via RRC or MAC-CE.
[0583] Group 1 HARQ-ID: Configured separately between multiple UL channels.
[0584] Group 2 HARQ-ID: Shared between multiple UL channels.
[0585] Re-transmission of a PUSCH TB across uplink channels is limited to the UL channels that share the HARQ-IDs.
[0586] Example: A total of 3 SULs and 1 NUL are configured within a serving cell, denoted as {NUL1, SUL1, SUL2, SUL3} . The total number of HARQ-IDs is 16. A set of HARQ-IDs is shared between {SUL1, SUL2, SUL3} . Shared HARQ-IDs: {HARQ-ID 1 ~ HARQ-ID 8} . This means any TB with HARQ-ID 1 to HARQ-ID 8 can be re-transmitted across uplink channels SUL1, SUL2, and SUL3. This approach avoids additional physical signaling overhead while enabling UE support for re-transmission across SULs.
[0587] PUSCH Frequency Hopping When More Than One UL Channel Is Used for Data Transmission:
[0588] PUSCH transmission with frequency hopping is an effective method to mitigate interference and achieve frequency selection gain. When more than one UL channel is used for data transmission to a UE, PUSCH transmission with frequency hopping is also required.
[0589] However, since the UL channels used by a UE may not be consecutive in the frequency domain, it is necessary to determine the frequency hopping pattern. The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0590] Method 1: Connect All UL Channels as an Entity in the Frequency Domain.
[0591] In this approach, all UL channels are treated as a single entity in the frequency domain. PUSCH frequency hopping is based on the entire entity.
[0592] Method 2: Separate Frequency Hopping Between UL Channels.
[0593] Frequency hopping is applied separately to each UL channel. The frequency hopping pattern remains the same across the used UL channels.
[0594] How to Handle HARQ-ID of CG Over Up to 2 ULs:
[0595] For CG (Configured Grant) transmission, the HARQ-ID of a CG is calculated based on the time location of the CG configuration. When more than one SUL shares the same set of HARQ-IDs, it becomes necessary to avoid HARQ-ID collisions between multiple SULs.
[0596] Shared HARQ-ID Across UL Channels: If HARQ-IDs are shared between two UL channels or two SUL channels, a mechanism to ensure no collisions in HARQ-IDs is required.
[0597] When two UL channels with the same SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) are used for data transmission to a UE, the HARQ-ID calculation for each SUL’s CG can follow at least one of following steps.
[0598] Step 1: Find the least common multiple period (T) of all CG configuration periods over the two SULs.
[0599] Step 2: Order the SULs based on their CG periods, from the smallest CG period to the largest CG period.
[0600] Step 3: Calculate the CG configuration’s HARQ-ID for the first SUL.
[0601] The first, calculating the CG configuration’s HARQ-ID over the first SUL, HARQ-ID =[floor (CURRENT_symbol) / periodicity1+ (CURRENT_symbol) / T* (T / periodicity1) ] modulo numHARQ-process.
[0602] The second, calculating the CG configuration’s HARQ-ID over the second SUL: HARQ-ID = [floor (CURRENT_symbol) / periodicity2+T / periodicity1+ (CURRENT_symbol) / T* (T / periodicity2) ] modulo numHARQ-process.
[0603] Where: numHARQ-process is the shared HARQ process ID of CGs for 2 SULs or numHARQ-process is the shared HARQ process ID for 2 SULs, CURRENT_symbol = (SFN × numberOfSlotsPerFrame ×numberOfSymbolsPerSlot + slot number in the frame × numberOfSymbolsPerSlot + symbol number in the slot) , and numberOfSlotsPerFrame and numberOfSymbolsPerSlot refer to the number of consecutive slots per frame and the number of consecutive symbols per slot, periodicity1 is the CG period over SUL1 (based on step2) , periodicity2 is the CG period over SUL2 (based on step2) .
[0604] When the two UL channels with different SCS are used for data transmission, the HARQ-ID calculation for each SUL’s CG can be based on at least one of the following steps.
[0605] Step 0: Take the SUL within a larger SCS as a reference SUL.
[0606] Step 1: Re-determine the period of CG over the SUL with small SCS based on the reference SUL.
[0607] Step 2: Find the least common multiple period (T) of all the CG configuration periods over the 2 SULs.
[0608] Step 3: Ordering the SUL from a small CG period to a large CG period.
[0609] The first, calculating the CG configuration’s HARQ-ID over the first SUL, HARQ-ID = [floor (CURRENT_symbol) / periodicity1+ (CURRENT_symbol) / T* (T / periodicity1) ] modulo numHARQ-process.
[0610] The second, calculating the CG configuration’s HARQ-ID over the second SUL, HARQ-ID = [floor (CURRENT_symbol) / periodicity2+T / periodicity1+ (CURRENT_symbol) / T* (T / periodicity2) ] modulo numHARQ-process.
[0611] Where: numHARQ-process is the shared HARQ process ID of CGs for 2 SULs or numHARQ-process is the shared HARQ process ID for 2 SULs, CURRENT_symbol = (SFN × numberOfSlotsPerFrame ×numberOfSymbolsPerSlot + slot number in the frame × numberOfSymbolsPerSlot + symbol number in the slot) , and numberOfSlotsPerFrame and numberOfSymbolsPerSlot refer to the number of consecutive slots per frame and the number of consecutive symbols per slot, periodicity1 is the CG period over SUL1 (based on step2) , periodicity2 is the CG period over SUL2 (based on step2) . Both periodicity 1 and periodicity are based on the reference SUL.
[0612] More Than One SUL With Different SCS Used for a UE:
[0613] In the current specification, the UE PUSCH preparation procedure time is determined in TS 38.214, as shown below.
[0614] If the first uplink symbol in the PUSCH allocation for a transport block, including the DM-RS, as defined by the slot offset K2 and Koffset, if configured, and the start S and length L of the PUSCH allocation indicated by 'Time domain resource assignment' of the scheduling DCI and including the effect of the timing advance, is no earlier than at symbol L2, where L2 is defined as the next uplink symbol with its CP starting Tproc, 2=max ( (N2+d2, 1+d2) (2048+144) ·κ2-μ·TC+Text+Tswitch, d2, 2) after the end of the reception of the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying the DCI scheduling the PUSCH, then the UE shall transmit the transport block. When the PDCCH reception includes two PDCCH candidates from two respective search space sets, as described in TS 38.213, for the purpose of determining the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying the DCI scheduling the PUSCH, the PDCCH candidate that ends later in time is used.
[0615] N2 is based on μ of Table 6.4-1 and Table 6.4-2 are defined in TS 38.214 for UE processing capability 1 and 2 respectively, where μ corresponds to the one of (μDL, μUL) resulting with the largest Tproc, 2, where the μDL corresponds to the subcarrier spacing of the downlink with which the PDCCH carrying the DCI scheduling the PUSCH was transmitted and μUL corresponds to the subcarrier spacing of the uplink channel with which the PUSCH is to be transmitted, and κ is defined in TS 38.211.
[0616] For operation with shared spectrum channel access in FR1, Textis calculated according to TS 38.211, otherwise Text=0.
[0617] If the first symbol of the PUSCH allocation consists of DM-RS only, then d2, 1 = 0, otherwise d2, 1 = 1. If the UE is configured with multiple active component carriers, the first uplink symbol in the PUSCH allocation further includes the effect of timing difference between component carriers as given in TS 38.133. If the scheduling DCI triggered a switch of BWP, d2, 2 equals to the switching time as defined in TS 38.133, otherwise d2, 2=0, and so on, other parameters defining can be found in TS 38.214.
[0618] When more than UL channels used for data transmission operate with different SCS, the PUSCH preparation procedure time will be not aligned with the UL channels, a reference UL channel will be needed to determine the minimum PUSCH processing time to avoid the ambiguity between base station and UE. The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0619] With the current mechanism, the processing time is based on a numerology of PDCCH and a PUSCH resulting in the largest Tproc, 2, however, when more than one SUL with different numerology, the processing time can be based on a numerology between PDCCH and a PUSCH over a SUL with the smallest SCS among the SULs.
[0620] In some embodiments, when more than one SUL with different numerology, the processing time of UL PUSCH is based on the numerology between PDCCH and a PUSCH over an SUL with the smallest / largest index.
[0621] Embodiment 8 introduces enhancements for configuring multiple Supplementary Uplink (SUL) channels for data transmission, addressing the limitations of current specifications with only two uplink channels. By enabling the use of multiple SULs, this method significantly improves uplink coverage, capacity, and data rates while reducing latency and enhancing overall reliability. Flexible mechanisms for uplink resource allocation, retransmission scheduling, and HARQ-ID management are proposed to ensure efficient data transmission across SULs, even under complex conditions like different numerologies or shared spectrum operation. These enhancements provide greater uplink flexibility, minimize data transmission latency, and improve scheduling efficiency, especially for high-demand services requiring low latency and high reliability. The methods also reduce ambiguity between UEs and base stations, ensure robust data handling across multiple uplink channels, and mitigate interference through effective frequency hopping strategies. This ultimately results in optimized performance for advanced communication systems.
[0622] Embodiment 9: Further Enhancements for Msg4 Coverage.
[0623] This disclosure proposes methods to improve the coverage capability of DL channels (e.g., Common PDCCH, SIB1, Msg2, and Msg4) . Enabling repetition of the DL channels is considered as a way to enhance coverage capability.
[0624] For Msg2, Msg4, and the corresponding PDCCH used for Msg2, Msg4, and SIB19 scheduling with repetition, the UE capability needs to be reported to the base station. Based on this report, the base station can configure and schedule the UE with repetition for the corresponding DL channels.
[0625] Msg1 and Msg3 can be utilized by the UE to report its capability to handle one or more DL channels with repetition.
[0626] In Rel-18, UL coverage enhancements have been specified as part of NR NTN enhancements, such as repetition and Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) bundling for joint channel estimation. During the NR NTN R18 study phase for coverage enhancement, the link-level evaluation identified UL coverage as the bottleneck. However, the evaluation assumptions did not take into account the DL satellite power split among multiple DL satellite beams. The power reduction due to beam splitting is tightly related to the dedicated deployment. A satellite supporting more simultaneous active satellite beams can result in a larger serving area. On the contrary, it also leads to more reduction of the transmission power over a single beam, naturally yielding more reduced per-beam SNR. Therefore, when the power split is considered, there is a need also for DL coverage enhancement, for instance (based on TR38.821) , max beam footprint size (edge to edge) regardless of the elevation angle is 1000km for LEO-based NTN, and satellite beam diameter is 50km for LEO-600 at S-band. Calculate D = 50km × 2 / 3 ≈ 43.3km, N = 1710km / D ≈40, then, required total beam numbers spreading over the max beam footprint with 1700km is at most 1058. Thus, more than 30dB power reduction relative to total power would occur for each beam if beam split is considered. Obviously, the DL channel for NTN will be the coverage bottleneck channel and needs to be enhanced, potential coverage bottleneck channels can be at least one of the following: SIB1, Msg2, Msg4, Msg5 PUSCH, or Common PDCCH for SIB1, Msg2, Msg4 scheduling.
[0627] When the above DL channels are identified as coverage bottleneck channels, the simplest way to improve the coverage enhancements is enabled repetition, thus, such UE capability of repetition for the DL channels needs to report, then the base station can be indicated some DL channels with repetition to UE. In addition, when the DL channels with repetition are enabled, then DMRS-bundling for joint channel estimation can be considered, thus, to inform the base station to maintain the consecutive transmission power and consistency phase, the UE capability to support DMRS-bundling for joint channel estimation also need to report.
[0628] For UE capability of Msg2 PDSCH repetition / repetition in the time domain, Msg4 PDSCH repetition / repetition in the time domain, repetition of the common PDCCH for scheduling the Msg2 and Msg4 PDSCH, or Msg5 PUSCH with repetition / repetition in time domain reporting, the at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0629] Solution:
[0630] Each UE capability among at least one of the followings is supported separately: Msg2 PDSCH repetition, MsgB PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH repetition, repetition of common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, repetition of common PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling, Msg5 PUSCH with repetition, or UE Capability Reporting for Msg2 and / or MsgB Repetition.
[0631] In some embodiments, the wireless communication method of transmission enhancement further comprises receiving, from the base station, the Msg4 PDSCH with repetition, repetition of common PDCCH for the Msg4 scheduling, or a Msg5 PUSCH with repetition. In some embodiments, each UE capability among Msg2 PDSCH repetition, MsgB PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH repetition, repetition of common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, repetition of the common PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling, and Msg5 PUSCH with repetition is supported separately; and / or more than one UE capability among Msg2 PDSCH repetition, MsgB PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH repetition, common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling, common PDCCH repetition for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling, and Msg5 PUSCH with repetition are support together.
[0632] In some embodiments, the UE capability for the Msg2 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, the Msg4 PDSCH, and / or the common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling with repetition, is indicated via a message 1 (Msg1) . In some embodiments, the UE capability for the Msg2 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, the Msg4 PDSCH, and / or the common PDCCH for the Msg4 scheduling is associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. In some embodiments, the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH within repetition is indicated via a Msg1.
[0633] In some embodiments, the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition, the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH repetition, and / or the Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition is indicated via a Msg1. In some embodiments, the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling, and / or the Msg5 PUSCH with repetition is indicated by the UE via the Msg 3. In some embodiments, the capability of the UE for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or the PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling is associated with the Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. In some embodiments, the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or Msg5 PUSCH repetition is indicated by the UE via the Msg3.
[0634] In some embodiments, the UE capability of Msg4 PDSCH repetition, the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition and Msg5 PUSCH with repetition are associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, when the UE capability of Msg3 PUSCH with repetition is supported, then the UE capability of Msg4 PDSCH repetition, the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition and the Msg5 PUSCH with repetition is further reported. In some embodiments, when the UE reports the UE capability of Msg4 PDSCH with repetition, then a number of repetitions of Msg4 PDSCH is indicated via base station based on the different starting points of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH.
[0635] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered for reporting the UE capability of Msg2 and / or MsgB repetition:
[0636] Alternative 1: The UE capability of Msg2 PDSCH repetition can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability. The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses one of these RACH sequences for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission, it indicates that the UE supports the capability of Msg2 / MsgB with repetition.
[0637] Alternative 2: The UE capability of Msg2 PDSCH repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports the capability of Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also indicates support for the capability of Msg2 with repetition.
[0638] Reporting UE Capability for Common PDCCH Repetition for Msg2 Scheduling:
[0639] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0640] Alternative 1: The UE capability for common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability. The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses one of these RACH sequences for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission, it indicates that the UE supports the capability of common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling with repetition.
[0641] Alternative 2: The UE capability for common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports the capability of Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also indicates support for the capability of common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling.
[0642] Reporting UE Capability for Common PDCCH Repetition for Msg2 Scheduling:
[0643] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0644] Alternative 1: The UE capability for common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability. The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses one of these RACH sequences for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission, it indicates that the UE supports the capability of common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling with repetition.
[0645] Alternative 2: The UE capability for common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports the capability of Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also indicates support for the capability of common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling.
[0646] Reporting UE Capability for Common PDCCH Repetition for Scheduling Msg4:
[0647] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0648] Alternative 1: The UE capability for the common PDCCH repetition for scheduling Msg4 can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability: The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses one of these RACH sequences for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission, it indicates that the UE supports the capability for common PDCCH repetition for scheduling Msg4.
[0649] Alternative 2: The UE capability for the common PDCCH repetition for scheduling Msg4 can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports the capability of Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also indicates support for the common PDCCH repetition for scheduling Msg4.
[0650] Alternative 3: The UE capability for the common PDCCH repetition for scheduling Msg4 can be explicitly indicated by the UE via Msg3. A field within Msg3 is used to indicate the capability (e.g., 1 bit) : State 0: The UE does not support the capability for common PDCCH repetition for scheduling Msg4. State 1: The UE supports the capability for common PDCCH repetition for scheduling Msg4.
[0651] Solution:
[0652] More than one UE capability among at least one of the followings can be supported together: Msg2 PDSCH repetition, MsgB PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH repetition, common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling, common PDCCH repetition for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling, or Msg5 PUSCH with repetition.
[0653] Reporting Capability for Msg2 PDSCH Repetition and Msg2 PDSCH Scheduling PDCCH with Repetition:
[0654] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0655] Alternative 1: The UE capability for common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling and Msg2 PDSCH with repetition can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability. The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses one of these RACH sequences for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission, it indicates support for the capability of common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling and Msg2 PDSCH with repetition.
[0656] Alternative 2: The UE capability for common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling and Msg2 PDSCH with repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports the capability of Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also indicates support for common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling and Msg2 PDSCH with repetition.
[0657] Reporting Capability for Msg4 PDSCH Repetition and Msg4 PDSCH Scheduling PDCCH with Repetition:
[0658] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0659] Alternative 1: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability. The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses a RACH sequence for Msg1 transmission from this set, it indicates support for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition.
[0660] Alternative 2: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also reports support for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition.
[0661] Alternative 3: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition can be explicitly indicated by the UE via Msg3. A field within Msg3 is used to indicate the capability (e.g., 1 bit) : State 0: The UE does not support Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition. State 1: The UE supports Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition.
[0662] Reporting Capability for Msg4 PDSCH Repetition, Msg4 PDSCH Scheduling PDCCH with Repetition, Msg2 PDSCH Repetition, and Msg2 PDSCH Scheduling PDCCH with Repetition:
[0663] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0664] Alternative 1: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, and Msg2 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability. The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses a RACH sequence for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission from this set, it indicates support for: common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling with repetition, or Msg2 PDSCH with repetition.
[0665] Alternative 2: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, and Msg2 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also indicates support for: Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, or Msg2 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition.
[0666] Reporting Capability for Msg4 PDSCH Repetition and Msg2 PDSCH Repetition:
[0667] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0668] Alternative 1: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg2 PDSCH repetition can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability: The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses a RACH sequence for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission from this set, it indicates support for: common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling with repetition, and / or Msg2 PDSCH with repetition.
[0669] Alternative 2: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg2 PDSCH repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also indicates support for: Msg4 PDSCH repetition, and / or Msg2 PDSCH repetition.
[0670] Reporting Capability for Msg4 PDSCH Repetition and Msg5 PUSCH Repetition:
[0671] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0672] Alternative 1: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability. The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses a RACH sequence for Msg1 transmission from this set, it indicates support for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition.
[0673] Alternative 2: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also reports support for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition.
[0674] Alternative 3: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition can be explicitly indicated by the UE via Msg3. A field within Msg3 is used to indicate the capability (e.g., 1 bit) : State 0: The UE does not support Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition. State 1: The UE supports Msg4 PDSCH repetition and Msg5 PUSCH repetition.
[0675] Reporting Capability for Msg4 PDSCH Repetition, Msg4 PDSCH Scheduling PDCCH with Repetition, Msg2 PDSCH Repetition, Msg2 PDSCH Scheduling PDCCH with Repetition, and Msg5 PUSCH Repetition:
[0676] The at least one of following alternatives can be considered.
[0677] Alternative 1: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, Msg2 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, and Msg5 PUSCH repetition can be indicated implicitly via Msg1. A set of RACH sequences can be associated with the UE capability: The base station configures a set of RACH sequences for UEs. When a UE uses one of these RACH sequences for Msg1 and / or MsgA transmission, it indicates support for the at least one of following capabilities: Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, Msg2 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, and / or Msg5 PUSCH repetition.
[0678] Alternative 2: The UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, Msg2 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, and Msg5 PUSCH repetition can be associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition. If the UE supports Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, it also reports support for: Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, Msg2 PDSCH scheduling PDCCH with repetition, and / or Msg5 PUSCH repetition.
[0679] FIG. 16 illustrates an example where the repetition number of Msg4 PDSCH is determined by the starting point of the scheduling PDCCH. When the UE reports its capability to support Msg4 PDSCH with repetition, the base station can indicate the number of repetitions for Msg4 PDSCH based on the starting point of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 within a candidate time window.
[0680] The candidate time window (e.g., equal to the size of the ra-contentionResolutionTimer configured by a higher layer) is split into N groups. Each portion among the N groups corresponds to a specific repetition number for Msg4 PDSCH. If the starting point of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH is located within a particular portion, the corresponding repetition number is indicated. The first part of the candidate time window indicates the largest repetition number, the second part indicates the second largest repetition number, and so on. This method allows the base station to indicate the repetition number for Msg4 PDSCH without any additional signaling overhead. Additionally, it reduces the transmission latency gap among different repetition levels.
[0681] Example (4 Repetition Numbers for Msg4 PDSCH) : The candidate time window is split into 4 parts: {Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4} . The starting point of the scheduling PDCCH determines the repetition number as follows.
[0682] Part 1: Repetition number = 8.
[0683] Part 2: Repetition number = 4.
[0684] Part 3: Repetition number = 2.
[0685] Part 4: Repetition number = 1.
[0686] In some embodiments, the number of parts in the candidate time window is based on the candidate number of Msg4 PDSCH repetitions. For example, if the total number of repetitions for Msg4 PDSCH is 2 (e.g., one repetition or two repetitions for Msg4 PDSCHs) , then the total number of parts in the candidate time window is also 2. Similarly, if the total number of repetitions for Msg4 PDSCH is 4 (e.g., one repetition, two repetitions, or four repetitions for Msg4 PDSCHs) , then the total number of parts in the candidate time window is also 4.
[0687] Embodiment 9 introduces methods to enhance downlink (DL) coverage for critical channels such as Msg2, Msg4, and Common PDCCH, focusing on enabling repetition to improve coverage capability. This approach addresses coverage bottlenecks, particularly in scenarios like Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) where DL power constraints due to beam splitting impact performance. By leveraging UE capability reporting and configuring DL channels with repetition, along with mechanisms like DMRS-bundling for joint channel estimation, the system ensures improved DL reliability and coverage. These enhancements improve DL signal reliability, reduce latency, and ensure robust communication in challenging scenarios like NTN. The introduction of repetition mechanisms and joint channel estimation increases coverage in low-SNR conditions, while UE capability reporting enables dynamic and efficient scheduling tailored to specific network needs. This results in better support for high-reliability and low-latency applications, enhancing overall
[0688] Embodiment 10: How to handle of the error case of case 4 under NTN scenario.
[0689] Some embodiments of the present disclosure proposes at least one method to handle collision case 4 under NTN operation. When more than two dynamically scheduled data transmissions with different directions (e.g., UL or DL) collide in the time and / or frequency domain, one direction of data transmission can be transmitted, with the direction determined based on the scheduling DCI type / format. Alternatively, one direction of data transmission can be dropped, with the dropped direction determined based on the scheduling DCI type / format. In the current specification, overlapping and back-to-back non-overlapping cases for DL and UL were identified in Rel-17 HD-FDD RedCap, and the following handling rules were captured in clause 17.2 of TS38.213. Cases 3 and 4 are identified as error cases, as shown below.
[0690] Case 3: Semi-statically configured DL reception vs. semi-statically configured UL transmission. Collision handling rule: The UE monitors paging during the paging occasion (type 2 CSS) and cancels CG-PUSCH transmission in the RRC_INACTIVE state when a paging occasion overlaps with a CG-SDT transmission. Otherwise, it is considered an error case.
[0691] Case 4: Dynamically scheduled DL reception vs. dynamically scheduled UL transmission. Collision handling rule: This is considered an error case.
[0692] For cases with specific dropping rules, these can be re-used for RedCap / e-RedCap under the NTN scenario. However, at least for error cases, if a similar mechanism is also re-used, it may result in significant resource waste or severe scheduling restrictions. If the gNB needs to avoid collisions between DL and UL, the largest value within offsetThresholdTA should be assumed. Otherwise, collisions will occur, and if they are regarded as error cases, a decrease in capacity will result. Therefore, how to handle case 4 under the NTN scenario needs further study. The at least one of following methods can be considered.
[0693] Method 1: When more than two dynamically scheduled data transmissions with different directions collide in the time and / or frequency domain, one direction of data transmission can be selected based on the scheduling DCI type / format. The DCI type is determined by the DCI scrambled with different RNTIs, which can include C-RNTI, TC-RNTI, RA-RNTI, CS-RNTI, CG-RNTI, P-RNTI, and SI-RNTI. For instance, a P-RNTI scrambled DCI has a higher priority, meaning data scheduled by a DCI scrambled with SI-RNTI has a higher priority than data scheduled by a DCI scrambled with C-RNTI, TC-RNTI, CS-RNTI, P-RNTI, or RA-RNTI. In some embodiments, the priority of the DCI types can be as follows: RA-RNTI scrambled DCI > SI-RNTI scrambled DCI > P-RNTI scrambled DCI > TC-RNTI > C-RNTI > CG-RNTI. In some embodiments, the priority of the DCI types can be: SI-RNTI scrambled DCI > RA-RNTI scrambled DCI > P-RNTI scrambled DCI > TC-RNTI > C-RNTI > CG-RNTI.
[0694] The DCI format can be DCI format 1 / 0_1 (indicating DCI format 1_1 or DCI format 0_1) , DCI format 1 / 0_2, DCI format 1 / 0_0, DCI format 1 / 0_3, DCI format 1 / 0_4, DCI format 2_0, DCI format 2_1, DCI format 2_2, DCI format 2_3, DCI format 2_4, DCI format 2_5, DCI format 2_6, or DCI format 2_7. For instance, DL scheduling DCI formats have higher priority, meaning data scheduling by DCI formats 1_0, 1_1, 1_2, or 1_3 has a higher priority than data scheduling by DCI formats 0_0, 0_1, 0_2, or 0_3.
[0695] In some embodiments, the DCI format / type can be configured by the base station via RRC or MAC-CE. For example, a total of two groups of DCI can be configured / indicated, denoted as {DCI group 1, DCI group 2} . Data scheduling by a DCI within DCI group 1 has higher priority than data scheduling by a DCI within DCI group 2. In other words, when two data transmissions are scheduled separately by DCI 1 within DCI group 1 and DCI 2 within DCI group 2, and they collide in the time or frequency domain, the data transmission scheduled by DCI 1 can be transmitted, while the data transmission scheduled by DCI 2 must be dropped.
[0696] Method 2: One transmission direction can be defined as having high priority. This defined rule can be overridden by RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI within a time window. The time window can be configured / indicated by the base station and may include at least one of the following parameters: the periodicity of the time window; the starting point of the time window; the ending point of the time window; and / or the duration of the time window.
[0697] In some embodiments, the time window can start at the ending symbol of an override signaling and end at the starting symbol of the subsequent override signaling.
[0698] The embodiment 10 proposes at least one of methods to address collision case 4 under the NTN scenario, where dynamically scheduled UL and DL transmissions collide in the time or frequency domain. The methods include prioritizing data transmissions based on predefined rules such as DCI types, scrambling with different RNTIs, or grouping DCIs by priority levels. These rules can be overridden using RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI within a configurable time window to optimize scheduling and minimize resource conflicts. The at least one of methods enhances resource efficiency and reduces scheduling restrictions, ensuring better capacity utilization and improved system performance in NTN scenarios.
[0699] Embodiment 11: How to handle the error case of case 3 under the NTN scenario.
[0700] Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose methods to handle collision case 3 under NTN operation. When two or more dynamically scheduled data transmissions with different directions (e.g., UL or DL) collide in the time and / or frequency domain, one direction of data transmission can be selected for transmission. The direction (e.g., UL or DL) of the data transmission is determined based on the scheduling DCI type / format. Alternatively, one direction of data transmission can be dropped, with the dropped direction also determined based on the scheduling DCI type / format. In the current specification, DL and UL overlapping and back-to-back non-overlapping cases were identified in Rel-17 HD-FDD RedCap, and the respective handling rules were captured in clause 17.2 of TS38.213. Cases 3 and 4 are identified as error cases, as shown below.
[0701] Case 3: Semi-statically configured DL reception vs. semi-statically configured UL transmission. Collision handling rule: The UE monitors paging during the paging occasion (type 2 CSS) and cancels CG-PUSCH transmission in the RRC_INACTIVE state when a paging occasion overlaps with a CG-SDT transmission. Otherwise, it is considered an error case.
[0702] Case 4: Dynamically scheduled DL reception vs. dynamically scheduled UL transmission. Collision handling rule: This is considered an error case.
[0703] For cases with specific dropping rules, these can be re-used for RedCap / e-RedCap under the NTN scenario. However, at least for error cases, if a similar mechanism is also re-used, it may result in significant resource waste or severe scheduling restrictions. If the gNB needs to avoid collisions between DL and UL, the largest value within offsetThresholdTA should be assumed. Otherwise, collisions will occur, and treating them as error cases will lead to a decrease in capacity. Therefore, how to handle case 4 under the NTN scenario needs further study.
[0704] When two or more semi-statically configured data transmissions with different directions collide in the time and / or frequency domain, only one direction of data transmission can be selected for transmission. The transmitted direction is determined based on predefined rules (e.g., one direction always has higher priority) . These predefined rules can be overridden by RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI, which must indicate a time window. When the UE receives the RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI, the predefined rules are overridden within the specified time window.
[0705] The time window can be configured or indicated by the base station and may include at least one of the following parameters: periodicity of the time window; starting point of the time window; ending point of the time window; and / or the duration time of the time window.
[0706] In some embodiments, the time window can start at the ending symbol of an override signaling and end at the starting symbol of the subsequent override signaling.
[0707] The embodiment 11 proposes at least one of methods to handle collision cases 3 and 4 under the NTN scenario, where UL and DL transmissions overlap in time or frequency. For case 3, semi-statically configured UL or DL transmissions follow predefined rules, with collision handling adjusted by RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI within a configurable time window. For case 4, dynamically scheduled transmissions are prioritized based on DCI types or formats, with mechanisms to minimize resource waste and scheduling restrictions by adapting offsetThresholdTA values or dropping lower-priority transmissions. The at least one of methods improves system efficiency and capacity utilization by dynamically resolving transmission conflicts and reducing the impact of resource collisions in NTN scenarios.
[0708] FIG. 17 illustrates that, in some examples, the repetition number of Msg4 PDSCH is indicated by the starting point of the PDCCH in the time and frequency domains. The base station can split the candidate time and frequency domain into groups, where each portion among the N groups can be used to indicate an Msg4 repetition number. When the time and frequency starting point of the PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling is located within a portion, the corresponding Msg4 repetition number is indicated. For instance, the PDCCH located in the first part of the candidate time window can be used to indicate the largest value of the candidate repetition number for Msg4 transmissions, while the PDCCH located in the second part of the candidate time window can be used to indicate the second largest value of the repetition number for Msg4 PDSCH, and so on. The ordering of the part index is ascending, first in the frequency domain, and then in the time domain.
[0709] As shown in FIG. 17, consider a total of 4 repetitions of Msg4 PDSCH as an example. A candidate time window (e.g., the value of the candidate window is equal to the size of the ra-contentionResolutionTimer configured by a higher layer) in the time domain can be split into 4 parts, denoted as {part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4} . When the time starting point of Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH is located within part 1 of the candidate time window, it indicates that the number of repetitions for Msg4 PDSCH is 8. Similarly, when the time starting point of Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH is located within part 2, the number of repetitions for Msg4 PDSCH is 4; within part 3, the number of repetitions is 2; and within part 4, the number of repetitions is 1.
[0710] Furthermore, when the number of repetitions of Msg4 PDSCH is indicated by the base station via the location of the PDCCH implicitly, the repetition pattern of Msg4 in the time domain can be either Type A-like PDSCH repetition or Type B-like PDSCH repetition. In a Type A-like PDSCH repetition, the TDRA for the first transmission of Msg4 PDSCH is indicated by the scheduling DCI, while the TDRAs for the remaining Msg4 PDSCH transmissions are located in subsequent consecutive slots, with each slot having the same TDRA. In a Type B-like PDSCH repetition, the TDRA for the first transmission of Msg4 PDSCH is indicated by the scheduling DCI, and the TDRAs for the remaining Msg4 PDSCH transmissions are the same across all repetitions and located back-to-back.
[0711] In some embodiments, the repetition number of the Msg4 PDSCH counter is based on the available slots per nominal repetition. The available slots for PDSCH transmission are the symbols indicated via TDRA within a slot that do not overlap with at least one of the following frames or transmissions: RACH occasion, UL symbol when a frame structure is configured, and / or a CORESET or PDCCH. In other words, if at least one symbol indicated by TDRA within a slot overlaps with the following frame or transmission, the corresponding slot is counted as an unavailable slot.
[0712] Commercial interests for some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solve issues in the prior art and other issues. 2. Improve a coverage capability of multiple PRACH transmissions. 3. Improve an uplink (UL) data transmission capability. 4. Reduce an access latency. 5. Avoid collision for random access procedure. 6. Improve a coverage capability of Msg2 / 4.7. Reduce a signaling overhead. 8. Simplify the UE capability reporting processing. 9. Provide a good communication performance. 10. Provide high reliability. Some embodiments can incorporate the AI / ML based solution into the current protocols seamlessly with good backward compatibility. Some embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in many applications. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are used by chipset vendors, video system development vendors, automakers including cars, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, moto-bikes, helmets, and etc., drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) , smartphone makers, communication devices for public safety use, AR / VR / MR device maker for example gaming, conference / seminar, education purposes. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of “techniques / processes” that can be adopted in video standards to create an end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose technical mechanisms. The at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure may be used for current and / or new / future standards regarding communication systems such as a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. Compatible products follow at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure. The proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus are widely used in a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. With the implementation of the at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one modification to wireless communication methods and apparatus are considered for standardizing.
[0713]
[0714] FIG. 18 is an example of a computing device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Any suitable computing device can be used for performing the operations described herein. For example, FIG. 18 illustrates an example of the computing device 1100 that can implement some embodiments of f using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the computing device 1100 can include a processor 1112 that is communicatively coupled to a memory 1114 and that executes computer-executable program code and / or accesses information stored in the memory 1114. The processor 1112 may include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit ( “ASIC” ) , a state machine, or other processing device. The processor 1112 can include any of a number of processing devices, including one. Such a processor can include or may be in communication with a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor 1112, cause the processor to perform the operations described herein.
[0715] The memory 1114 can include any suitable non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include any electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer-readable medium include a magnetic disk, a memory chip, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a configured processor, optical storage, magnetic tape or other magnetic storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions may include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler and / or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, visual basic, java, python, perl, javascript, and actionscript.
[0716] The computing device 1100 can also include a bus 1116. The bus 1116 can communicatively couple one or more components of the computing device 1100. The computing device 1100 can also include a number of external or internal devices such as input or output devices. For example, the computing device 1100 is illustrated with an input / output ( “I / O” ) interface 1118 that can receive input from one or more input devices 1120 or provide output to one or more output devices 1122. The one or more input devices 1120 and one or more output devices 1122 can be communicatively coupled to the I / O interface 1118. The communicative coupling can be implemented via any suitable manner (e.g., a connection via a printed circuit board, connection via a cable, communication via wireless transmissions, etc. ) . Non-limiting examples of input devices 1120 include a touch screen (e g., one or more cameras for imaging a touch area or pressure sensors for detecting pressure changes caused by a touch) , a mouse, a keyboard, or any other device that can be used to generate input events in response to physical actions by a user of a computing device. Non-limiting examples of output devices 1122 include a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, an external monitor, a speaker, or any other device that can be used to display or otherwise present outputs generated by a computing device.
[0717] The computing device 1100 can execute program code that configures the processor 1112 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 17. The program code may be resident in the memory 1114 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the processor 1112 or any other suitable processor.
[0718] The computing device 1100 can also include at least one network interface device 1124. The network interface device 1124 can include any device or group of devices suitable for establishing a wired or wireless data connection to one or more data networks 1128. Non limiting examples of the network interface device 1124 include an Ethernet network adapter, a modem, and / or the like. The computing device 1100 can transmit messages as electronic or optical signals via the network interface device 1124.
[0719] FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an example of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the communication system 1200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 19 illustrates the communication system 1200 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1210, a baseband circuitry 1220, an application circuitry 1230, a memory / storage 1240, a display 1250, a camera 1260, a sensor 1270, and an input / output (I / O) interface 1280, coupled with each other at least as illustrated.
[0720] The application circuitry 1230 may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system. The communication system 1200 can execute program code that configures the application circuitry 1230 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 17. The program code may be resident in the application circuitry 1230 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the application circuitry 1230 or any other suitable processor.
[0721] The baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that may enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and / or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.
[0722] In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency. The RF circuitry 1210 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1210 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.
[0723] In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 17 may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry, the baseband circuitry, and / or the application circuitry. As used herein, “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) , and / or a memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the application circuitry, and / or the memory / storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC) . The memory / storage 1240 may be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for system. The memory / storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) ) , and / or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.
[0724] In various embodiments, the I / O interface 1280 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and / or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface. In various embodiments, the sensor 1270 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and / or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and / or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.
[0725] In various embodiments, the display 1250 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, the communication system 1200 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, an AR / VR glasses, etc. In various embodiments, system may have more or less components, and / or different architectures. Where appropriate, methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.
[0726] A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and steps described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware or combinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person having ordinary skill in the art can use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations should not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he / she can refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.
[0727] It is understood that the disclosed system, device, and method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized with other ways. The above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary only. The division of the units is merely based on logical functions while other divisions exist in realization. It is possible that a plurality of units or components are combined or integrated in another system. It is also possible that some characteristics are omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communicative coupling operate through some ports, devices, or units whether indirectly or communicatively by ways of electrical, mechanical, or other kinds of forms.
[0728] The units as separating components for explanation are or are not physically separated. The units for display are or are not physical units, that is, located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purposes of the embodiments. Moreover, each of the functional units in each of the embodiments can be integrated in one processing unit, physically independent, or integrated in one processing unit with two or more than two units. If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure can be importantly or partially realized as the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to the conventional technology can be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the steps disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.
[0729] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:determining, by the UE, multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions;transmitting, to a base station, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the determined multiple transmission beams or using multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams;receiving an indication from a base station regarding an optimal transmission beam; andtransmitting, to the base station, subsequent transmissions of the multiple PRACH transmissions using the optimal transmission beam.2.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the optimal transmission beam is determined based on a quality parameter, and the quality parameter comprises at least one of following parameters: a reference signal received power (RSRP) , a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , and / or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) .3.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the indication comprises different random-access radio network temporary identifiers (RA-RNTIs) used to indicate different transmission beam indices or random access channel (RACH) sequence set indices.4.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 3, wherein one of the different RA-RNTIs is defined based on at least one of following parameters: a symbol index, a slot index, a frequency index, an uplink carrier identifier, and / or a transmission beam index, a random access occasion (RO) index, or a RACH sequence group index.5.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams comprises:receiving, by the UE, an indication from the base station via a system information indicating the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams.6.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a number of the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams corresponds to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, with each PRACH repetition over a random access occasion (RO) having a corresponding transmission beam.7.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams comprises:receiving, by the UE, a configuration from the base station, wherein the configuration comprises multiple RACH sequence sets;determining, by the UE, the multiple transmission beams based on the RACH sequence sets, wherein each set of RACH sequences corresponds to a corresponding transmission beam; and / orusing different RACH sequences and corresponding transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions.8.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams comprises:determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams based on a scale factor and a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions.9.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 8, wherein the number of the multiple transmission beams is equal to a scale factor multiplied by the number of the multiple PRACH transmissions.10.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the number of the multiple transmission beams is equal to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, and each RO used for a RACH repetition is mapped to a single transmission beam.11.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the number of the multiple transmission beams is not equal to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, and each transmission beam is mapped to multiple ROs or a fraction of an RO.12.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein using the multiple transmission beams comprises:enabling the multiple transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions based on a synchronization signal block-reference signal received power (SSB-RSRP) threshold.13.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 12, wherein:when a received SSB-RSRP is above the SSB-RSRP threshold, enabling the multiple PRACH transmissions with the same transmission beams;when the received SSB RSRP is below or equal to the SSB-RSRP threshold, enabling the multiple PRACH transmissions with the multiple transmission beam; and / orwherein the SSB-RSRP threshold is indicated by the base station via a system information block 1 (SIB1) , a master information block (MIB) , or another system information.14.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein:a field within an RAR is used to indicate an RO index among ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions; and / ora transmission beam associated with a PRACH repetition over an indicated RO is used for the subsequent transmission (s) after PRACH during a random access procedure.15.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claim 1 to 13, wherein:a time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) field within an RAR uplink grant is used to indicate an RO index, a RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index used for the multiple PRACH transmissions;the TDRA field is configured by a TDRA table, enabling the TDRA field to jointly indicate the RO index, the RACH sequence group index, or the transmission beam index.16.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claim 1 to 13, wherein:different RA-RNTIs are used to indicate an RO index among ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions;a transmission beam associated with a PRACH repetition over the indicated RO is used for the subsequent transmission after PRACH during a random access procedure.17.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claim 1 to 13, wherein:different demodulation reference signals (DMRS) for an RAR and / or for a scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) are used to indicate an RO index, a RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index used for the multiple PRACH transmissions.18.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claim 1 to 13, wherein:different time and / or frequency resources of an RAR physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for the RAR PDSCH are used to indicate an RO index, a RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index used for the multiple PRACH transmissions.19.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 18, wherein the UE determines the RO index, the RACH sequence group index, or a transmission beam index based on a starting point of the RAR PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for the RAR PDSCH in a candidate time window and / or an initial downlink bandwidth part (DL BWP) .20.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 19, wherein the UE identifies that the base station has split the candidate time window and / or the initial DL BWP into N groups, each group corresponding to a portion of a time and / or frequency domain.21.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claim 1 to 13, wherein:a field within an RA-RNTI scrambled downlink control information (DCI) is used to indicate an RO index among ROs used for the multiple PRACH transmissions;a transmission beam associated with a PRACH repetition over an indicated RO is used for the subsequent transmission (s) after PRACH during a random access procedure.22.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; anddetermining, by the UE, an uplink (UL) channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting a UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure, wherein upon satisfying a UL channel selection condition, a corresponding UL channel is used or determined to transmit the UL information or the UL channel.23.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 22, further comprising:transmitting, by the UE, a RACH sequence for a message 1 (Msg1) over a determined UL channel.24.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 22 or 23, wherein determining, by the UE, the UL channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting the UL information or the UL channel comprises:determining, by the UE, the UL channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting a RACH sequence based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signal received power (RSRP) or multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions.25.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 24, wherein SSB RSRP values are configured by the base station via a system information block 1 (SIB1) , a master information block (MIB) , or another system information, and each SUL channel is associated with a range of the SSB RSRP values.26.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 25, wherein the UE determines the UL channel for transmitting the RACH sequence for the Msg1 based on the range of the SSB RSRP values associated with each SUL channel.27.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein a number of repetitions for the multiple PRACH transmissions is used to indicate a corresponding SUL or SUL index, and the UE determines the UL channel for transmitting the RACH sequence for the Msg1 based on an indicated SUL or SUL index.28.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein:the UE uses an SSB RSRP value for selecting the NUL channel or the SUL channels for the PRACH transmission (s) ; an actual SUL channel within the serving cell is indicated by the base station; andthe UE determines the UL channel for transmitting the RACH sequence for the Msg1 based on the actual SUL.29.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 28, wherein the actual SUL utilized for random access procedure is determined based on an actual repetition number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, each repetition number of the multiple PRACH transmissions is used to indicate a SUL and / or a SUL index.30.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 28, wherein the actual SUL for random access procedure is determined based on a RACH preamble sequence.31.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 26, wherein:the UE uses an SSB RSRP values for selecting the NUL channel or the SUL channels for the PRACH transmissions, and an actual SUL channel within the serving cell is indicated by a PRACH format.32.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 22 to 31, further comprising:receiving, from the base station, an indication of an UL channel for a Msg3 transmission.33.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE determines an indicated UL channel for the Msg3 transmission based on a RAR field, and / or a field with RAR medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) is used to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission.34.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE transmits the Msg3 over an indicated SUL channel and the SUL channel is determined based on a RAR UL grant, and the most significant 2 bits (MSB) of the modulation coding scheme (MCS) field is used to indicate the SUL channel for Msg3 transmission when more than one SULs are configured to the UE.35.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE transmits the Msg3 transmission over an indicated SUL channel and the SUL channel is determined based on a time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) table of an UL grant within an RAR.36.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE determines the SUL channels for the Msg3 transmission based on a starting point of an RAR in a time and frequency domain, and transmits the Msg3 transmission over the determined SUL channels.37.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE determines the SUL channels for the Msg3 transmission based on a scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for an RAR and transmits the Msg3 transmission over determined SUL channels.38.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32 or 37, wherein:the supplementary uplink (SUL) channel for Msg3 transmission is determined based on a time and / or frequency starting point of a scheduling Downlink Control Information (DCI) for the Random Access Response (RAR) .39.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE determines the SUL channels or the UL channel for the Msg3 transmission based on a random access-radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) indicated by the base station and transmits the Msg3 transmission over determined SUL channels or the UL channel.40.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE determines the SUL channels for the Msg3 transmission based on a repetition number of Msg3 physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions indicated by the base station and transmits the Msg3 transmission over determined SUL channels.41.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, wherein:the UE determines the UL channel for the Msg3 transmission based on a field in a scheduling downlink control information (DCI) of an RAR and transmits the Msg3 transmission over the UL channel.42.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, further comprising:receiving, from the base station, an indication of an UL channel for a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of a Msg4; and / ortransmitting, by the UE, a feedback of the HARQ-ACK over an indicated UL channel for the Msg4.43.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, further comprising:receiving, from the base station, an indication of the UL channel within multiple UL channels of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for Msg4 HARQ-ACK feedback transmission according to at least one of following methods:wherein a field within Msg4 is used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission, 2 bits within Msg4 are used to indicate the SUL / UL for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SUL is configured to UE; and / orwherein the SUL for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH is based on time and / or frequency domain (T / F) resources of Msg4 PDSCH or a scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH, different T / F starting points of Msg4 PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH is used to indicate a SUL index; and / ora field within a Msg4’s DCI is used to indicate the UL channel for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission, 2 bits within the Msg4’s DCI are used to indicate the SUL / UL for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SULs is configured to UE.44.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 32, further comprising:transmitting, by the UE, a PUSCH for a Msg5 over the indicated UL channel.45.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 43, further comprising:receiving, from the base station, an indication of the UL channel for Msg5 transmission according to at least one of following methods:wherein when more than one SULs is configured to a serving cell / cell, 2 MSB bits of MCS with a Msg5 PUSCH’s scheduling DCI can be used to indicate the UL channel for Msg5 PUSCH transmission when more than one SULs is configured; and / orwherein the SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency resources of Msg4, different T / F starting points of Msg4 are used to indicate the SUL / SUL index for Msg5 PUSCH transmission; and / orwherein the SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission is determined based on the time and / or frequency resource of scheduling PDCCH of Msg4, different T / F starting points of the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4 are used to indicate the SUL / SUL index for Msg5 PUSCH transmission.46.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; wherein:a DCI is used to indicate a transmission power control for a set of UEs; anda starting position of a block is indicated by the base station, where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers.47.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 46, wherein a SUL indicator field is defined for each block, and the SUL indicator field is configured with 0 or N bits, where N is a positive integer, to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs in the serving cell.48.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 46, wherein a SUL indicator field and a transmission power control (TPC) command field are defined for each block, the SUL indicator field is configured with 0 or N bits, where N is a positive integer, to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs in the serving cell, and each TPC command corresponds to a respective UL carrier provided by a higher layer parameter, with the SUL indicator.49.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 46, wherein the DCI is a group common DCI with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a TPC-SRS-RNTI.50.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use multiple uplink (UL) channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across UL channels; andreceiving, from the base station, a configuration of one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell.51.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 50, wherein when two UL channels with the same subcarrier spacing (SCS) are used for data transmission to the UE, a hybrid automatic repeat request identifier (HARQ-ID) calculation for each configured grant (CG) of each of the multiple SUL channels is based on the following operation: finding least common multiple periods of all CG configuration periods over the two SULs, and ordering the SUL channels from a small CG period to a large CG period.52.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 50, further comprising:receiving, from the base station, an indication of multiple UL channels for data transmission, wherein in the indication of multiple UL channels, a field within a downlink control information (DCI) is used to indicate one UL channel to the UE for UL data transmission, and / or frequency resources are connected as an entity, a frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) field size is based on the entity, and a connected order is from the smallest index of UL channels to the largest index of UL channels.53.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 50, further comprising:transmitting, to the base station, data over indicated UL channels, wherein for the indicated UL channels with more than one SCS, a processing time of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is based on a numerology between a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the PUSCH over an SUL channel with the smallest SCS among the SUL channels, and / or the processing time of the PUSCH is based on a numerology between the PDCCH and the PUSCH over an SUL channel with the smallest or largest index.54.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 50, further comprising:receiving, from the base station, a retransmission scheduling grant indicating the UL channels for retransmission if one or more TBs are transmitted incorrectly, wherein N bits within the DCI is used to indicate an initial-transmission UL channel; and / orretransmitting, to the base station, the one or more TBs over the indicated UL channels based on the retransmission scheduling grant; and / ora HARQ-ID is split into two groups via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) .55.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 53, wherein a HARQ-ID is split into two groups via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) .56.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:reporting, to a base station, a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, a message 3 (Msg3) , a message 5 (Msg5) , a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of a message 4 (Msg4) , a repetition of a message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a Msg2 scheduling, a Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for a Msg4 scheduling; andreceiving, from the base station, a Msg2 with or without repetition, a scheduling PDCCH for Msg 2, Msg2, Msg4, or a scheduling PDCCH for Msg4.57.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, further comprising:receiving, from the base station, the Msg4 PDSCH with repetition, repetition of common PDCCH for the Msg4 scheduling, or a Msg5 PUSCH with repetition.58.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 57, wherein each UE capability among Msg2 PDSCH repetition, MsgB PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH repetition, repetition of common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, repetition of the common PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling, and Msg5 PUSCH with repetition is supported separately; and / ormore than one UE capability among Msg2 PDSCH repetition, MsgB PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH repetition, common PDCCH repetition for Msg2 scheduling, common PDCCH repetition for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling, and Msg5 PUSCH with repetition are support together.59.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the UE capability for the Msg2 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, the Msg4 PDSCH, and / or the common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling with repetition, is indicated via a message 1 (Msg1) .60.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the UE capability for the Msg2 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, the Msg4 PDSCH, and / or the common PDCCH for the Msg4 scheduling is associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition.61.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH within repetition is indicated via a Msg1.62.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition, the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH repetition, and / or the Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition is indicated via a Msg1.63.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling, and / or the Msg5 PUSCH with repetition is indicated by the UE via the Msg 3.64.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the capability of the UE for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or the PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling is associated with the Msg3 PUSCH with repetition.65.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the UE capability for the Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or Msg5 PUSCH repetition is indicated by the UE via the Msg3.66.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 56, wherein the UE capability of Msg4 PDSCH repetition, the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition and / or Msg5 PUSCH with repetition are associated with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition, when the UE capability of Msg3 PUSCH with repetition is supported, then the UE capability of Msg4 PDSCH repetition, the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH repetition, the Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition and / or the Msg5 PUSCH with repetition is further reported.67.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 66, wherein when the UE reports the UE capability of Msg4 PDSCH with repetition, then a number of repetitions of Msg4 PDSCH is indicated via base station based on the different starting points of the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH.68.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station, comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , an indication of multiple transmission beams for multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions or a maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions;receiving, from the UE, the multiple PRACH transmissions using the indicated multiple transmission beams or multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams;determining an optimal transmission beam based on the multiple PRACH transmissions received from the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, an indication of the optimal transmission beam for subsequent transmissions.69.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 68, wherein determining the optimal transmission beam is based on a quality parameter, and the quality parameter comprises at least one of the following: a reference signal received power (RSRP) , a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , and / or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) .70.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 68 or 69, wherein the indication transmitted to the UE comprises different random-access radio network temporary identifiers (RA-RNTIs) used to indicate different transmission beam indices or random access channel (RACH) sequence set indices.71.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 70, wherein one of the different RA-RNTIs is defined based on at least one of the following parameters: a symbol index, a slot index, a frequency index, an uplink carrier identifier, and / or a transmission beam index, a random access occasion (RO) index, or a RACH sequence group index.72.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 68 to 71, wherein transmitting the indication of multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of transmission beams to the UE comprises:broadcasting, via system information, the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of transmission beams; andconfiguring the UE to use the indicated multiple transmission beams or multiple transmission beams, a number of which does not exceed the maximum number of transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions.73.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 68 to 71, wherein the number of the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of the transmission beams corresponds to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, with each PRACH repetition over a random access occasion (RO) having a corresponding transmission beam.74.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 68 to 71, wherein transmitting the indication of multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of transmission beams to the UE comprises:providing a configuration that includes multiple RACH sequence sets, wherein each set of RACH sequences corresponds to a corresponding transmission beam; andinstructing the UE to use different RACH sequences and corresponding transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions.75.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 68 to 71, wherein transmitting the indication of multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of transmission beams to the UE comprises:determining the multiple transmission beams or the maximum number of transmission beams based on a scale factor and a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions.76.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 75, wherein the number of the multiple transmission beams is equal to a scale factor multiplied by the number of the multiple PRACH transmissions.77.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 68 to 76, wherein the base station transmits an indication that the number of the multiple transmission beams is equal to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, and each RO used for a RACH repetition is mapped to a single transmission beam.78.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 68 to 76, wherein the base station transmits an indication that the number of the multiple transmission beams is not equal to a number of the multiple PRACH transmissions, and each transmission beam is mapped to multiple ROs or a fraction of an RO.79.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 68 to 78, wherein the base station enables the multiple transmission beams for the multiple PRACH transmissions based on a synchronization signal block-reference signal received power (SSB-RSRP) threshold.80.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 79, wherein:when a received SSB-RSRP from the UE is above the SSB-RSRP threshold, the base station enables the multiple PRACH transmissions with the same transmission beams;when the received SSB-RSRP is below or equal to the SSB-RSRP threshold, the base station enables the multiple PRACH transmissions with the multiple transmission beams; andthe SSB-RSRP threshold is transmitted to the UE via a system information block 1 (SIB1) , a master information block (MIB) , or another system information.81.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station, comprising:configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; transmitting the configuration to the UE; and receiving, from the UE, an indication of an uplink (UL) channel selected from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels for transmitting UL information or a UL channel during a random access procedure, wherein the UL channel is determined based on a UL channel selection condition.82.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 81, further comprising:receiving, from the UE, a RACH sequence for a message 1 (Msg1) over the determined UL channel.83.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 81 or 82, wherein configuring the UL channel from the NUL channel and the multiple SUL channels comprises:transmitting, to the UE, synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signal received power (RSRP) thresholds or multiple physical random access channel (PRACH) configurations for selecting the UL channel.84.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 83, wherein the SSB RSRP thresholds are provided via a system information block 1 (SIB1) , a master information block (MIB) , or other system information, with each SUL channel associated with a specific range of SSB RSRP values.85.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 84, wherein the base station receives a RACH sequence for Msg1 from the UE, transmitted over a UL channel selected based on the associated SSB RSRP range.86.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 82 to 85, wherein the base station indicates a corresponding SUL or SUL index based on the number of PRACH repetitions, and the UE uses the indicated SUL or SUL index for transmitting the RACH sequence.87.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 82 to 86, further comprising:indicating an actual SUL channel to the UE for PRACH transmission (s) based on the received SSB RSRP value; and determining the UL channel used by the UE for transmitting the RACH sequence for Msg1.88.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 87, wherein the base station determines the actual SUL utilized for the random access procedure based on the number of repetitions of the PRACH transmissions and transmits this information to the UE.89.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 87, wherein the actual SUL channel for the random access procedure is determined by the base station based on a RACH preamble sequence received from the UE.90.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 85, wherein the base station transmits a PRACH format to indicate an actual SUL channel within the serving cell, enabling the UE to select the appropriate UL channel.91.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 81 to 90, further comprising:sending, to the UE, an indication of a UL channel for transmitting a Msg3.92.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the UL channel for Msg3 transmission is indicated via a RAR field, and the base station transmits a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) to specify the UL channel.93.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the base station specifies an SUL channel for Msg3 transmission based on a RAR UL grant, using the most significant 2 bits (MSB) of the modulation coding scheme (MCS) field to indicate the SUL channel.94.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the base station transmits a time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) table to indicate the SUL channel for Msg3 transmission.95.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the base station indicates the SUL channels for Msg3 transmission based on the starting point of an RAR in the time and frequency domain.96.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the base station determines the SUL channels for Msg3 transmission based on a scheduling physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for the RAR.97.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91 or 96, wherein the SUL channel for Msg3 transmission is determined based on a time and / or frequency starting point of a scheduling downlink control information (DCI) for the Random Access Response (RAR) .98.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the base station uses a random access-radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) to indicate the UL channel for Msg3 transmission to the UE.99.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the base station determines the SUL channels for Msg3 transmission based on a repetition number of Msg3 physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions.100.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, wherein the base station indicates the UL channel for Msg3 transmission through a field in the scheduling downlink control information (DCI) of an RAR.101.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, further comprising:indicating an UL channel for a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of a Msg4; and receiving feedback from the UE over the indicated UL channel for Msg4.102.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, further comprising:transmitting an indication of the UL channel within multiple physical uplink control channels (PUCCH) for Msg4 HARQ-ACK feedback transmission based on at least one of the following methods:a field within Msg4 indicates the UL channel for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission;2 bits within Msg4 indicate the SUL / UL channel for Msg4's HARQ-ACK PUCCH transmission when more than one SUL is configured to the UE; andtime and / or frequency domain resources of Msg4 PDSCH or the scheduling PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH are used to indicate the SUL index.103.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 91, further comprising:receiving a PUSCH for Msg5 over the indicated UL channel.104.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 102, further comprising:sending, to the UE, an indication of the UL channel for Msg5 transmission based on the following methods:using 2 MSB bits of the MCS field in the scheduling DCI of Msg5 PUSCH to indicate the UL channel;determining the SUL for Msg5 PUSCH transmission based on time and / or frequency resources of Msg4; andindicating the SUL index through different starting points of the scheduling PDCCH of Msg4.105.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station, comprising:transmitting a configuration to a user equipment (UE) that includes one normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell; indicating, via downlink control information (DCI) , transmission power control (TPC) commands for a set of UEs; and indicating a starting position of a block where one or two blocks are configured for the UE, with one block applying to a NUL and another block applying to SUL carriers.106.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 105, wherein the base station configures a SUL indicator field for each block, and the SUL indicator field is set with 0 or N bits, where N is a positive integer, to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs in the serving cell.107.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 105, wherein the base station configures both a SUL indicator field and a transmission power control (TPC) command field for each block, with the SUL indicator field set with 0 or N bits to indicate an SUL within a set of SULs, and each TPC command corresponding to a respective UL carrier provided by a higher layer parameter.108.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 105, wherein the DCI is a group common DCI with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a TPC-SRS-RNTI, and the base station transmits the DCI to indicate the transmission power control commands for the set of UEs.109.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 108, further comprising:indicating to the UE a mapping between the SUL indicator field and the corresponding SUL channels within the serving cell, based on the received DCI.110.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 106, wherein the base station provides a configuration in system information block 1 (SIB1) to specify the mapping rules for SUL indicator fields and their corresponding SUL channels.111.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to any one of claims 105 to 110, wherein the base station dynamically adjusts the starting position of the blocks based on the network load and the UE's capabilities.112.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station (BS) , comprising:configuring, for a user equipment (UE) , a normal uplink (NUL) channel and multiple supplementary uplink (SUL) channels within a serving cell, wherein the BS transmits a configuration message to the UE indicating the capability to use the NUL and the SUL channels for data transmission or retransmission of transport blocks (TBs) across the configured uplink channels.113.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 112, further comprising:receiving, from the UE, an indication of the capability to utilize multiple uplink (UL) channels for data transmission, wherein the BS determines the least common multiple periods of configured grant (CG) configuration periods over the SUL channels, and the BS orders the SUL channels from a smaller CG period to a larger CG period for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) identifier (HARQ-ID) calculation.114.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 112, further comprising:transmitting, to the UE, a downlink control information (DCI) message indicating multiple UL channels for data transmission, wherein the DCI message includes:a field used to indicate one UL channel for data transmission, and / orfrequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) information, wherein the frequency resources are connected as an entity, and the connected order is based on the smallest to largest index of the UL channels.115.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 112, further comprising:scheduling uplink transmissions from the UE over the indicated UL channels, wherein the BS determines a processing time for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) based on a numerology between a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the PUSCH over an SUL channel with the smallest subcarrier spacing (SCS) among the SUL channels, and / or the processing time is based on the numerology between the PDCCH and the PUSCH over an SUL channel with the smallest or largest index.116.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 112, further comprising:transmitting a retransmission scheduling grant to the UE, indicating one or more UL channels for retransmission if one or more TBs were transmitted incorrectly, wherein:the DCI message includes N bits to indicate an initial-transmission UL channel; and / orthe BS transmits a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) to split the HARQ-ID into two groups for efficient management of retransmissions.117.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 115, wherein the HARQ-ID is split into two groups by the BS via RRC signaling or MAC-CE, enabling the UE to perform retransmissions over the indicated UL channels with optimized HARQ processes.118.A wireless communication method of transmission enhancement performed by a base station (BS) , comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration message indicating a capability of the UE to use one or more uplink (UL) channels for the transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) , MsgB, message 3 (Msg3) , message 5 (Msg5) , hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) of message 4 (Msg4) , repetition of message 2 (Msg2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for Msg2 scheduling, Msg4 PDSCH, or a common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling.119.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, further comprising:transmitting a message 2 (Msg2) with or without repetition, a scheduled Msg2 PDCCH, Msg2, Msg4, or a scheduled Msg4 PDCCH to the UE.120.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 119, further comprising:transmitting a Msg4 PDSCH with repetition, repetition of a common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling, or Msg5 physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) with repetition to the UE.121.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, wherein the BS indicates, to the UE, a support for each capability among Msg2 PDSCH repetition, MsgB PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH repetition, repetition of common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, repetition of the common PDCCH for Msg4 PDSCH scheduling, and Msg5 PUSCH with repetition separately, and / or the BS indicates more than one capability to be supported together.122.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, wherein the BS indicates, via Msg1, the UE’s capability for Msg2 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, Msg4 PDSCH, and / or the common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling with repetition.123.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, wherein the BS associates, for the UE, the capability for Msg2 PDSCH, common PDCCH for Msg2 scheduling, Msg4 PDSCH, and / or common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition.124.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, wherein the BS indicates the capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or the Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition to the UE via Msg1.125.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, wherein the BS indicates the capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, and / or Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition to the UE via Msg1.126.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, wherein the BS receives, from the UE, a report of the capability for Msg4 PDSCH, the common PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling, and / or Msg5 PUSCH with repetition via Msg3.127.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, further comprising:associating the UE capability for Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or the PDCCH for Msg4 scheduling with Msg3 PUSCH with repetition.128.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, wherein the BS receives, from the UE, an indication of Msg4 PDSCH repetition and / or Msg5 PUSCH repetition via Msg3.129.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 118, further comprising:associating Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, and Msg5 PUSCH repetition with Msg3 PUSCH repetition, wherein if the UE reports support for Msg3 PUSCH repetition, the BS further receives a report of the UE’s capabilities for Msg4 PDSCH repetition, Msg4 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, Msg2 PDSCH repetition, Msg2 PDSCH’s scheduling PDCCH with repetition, and Msg5 PUSCH repetition.130.The wireless communication method of transmission enhancement according to claim 129, wherein when the BS receives, from the UE, an indication of Msg4 PDSCH repetition capability, the BS further indicates a number of repetitions for Msg4 PDSCH based on different starting points of the PDCCH scheduling for Msg4 PDSCH.131.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the UE is configured to perform any one of claims 1 to 66.132.A base station, comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the network is configured to perform any one of claims 67 to 130.