Processes for making smarca2 degraders
The reductive amination reaction for preparing SMARCA2 degraders like compound 1a achieves high yields and stereochemical purity, addressing the need for efficient production of these compounds.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- PRELUDE THERAPEUTICS INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
There is a need for processes capable of preparing SMARCA2 degraders, such as compound 1a, in high yields and with high stereochemical purity.
The processes involve a reductive amination reaction between compound 2a or 2b, where PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group, and compound 3 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, using specific solvents, reducing agents, and bases to produce compound 1a or 1b with high stereochemical purity.
The described processes enable the preparation of SMARCA2 degraders in high yields and with high stereochemical purity, facilitating their use in pharmaceutical applications.
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Figure CN2025074567_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PROCESSES FOR MAKING SMARCA2 DEGRADERSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure is directed to methods of making SMARCA2 degraders.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Compound 1a, which has the chemical name (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-1- ( (R) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( (R) -3- ( (S) -2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -5, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c]pyridazin-8-yl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, is a SMARCA degrader that is described in U.S. Patent No. 11,702,423.
[0003] A need exists for processes capable of preparing compound 1a and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in high yields and with high stereochemical purity.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The disclosure provides methods of preparing compound 1a and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in high yields and with high stereochemical purity.
[0005] In an aspect, the present invention is directed to processes for preparing compound 1a or compound 1b, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 1a or compound 1b, wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group; wherein the processes comprise reacting compound 2a or compound 2b, wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group; with compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a reductive amination reaction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0006] The disclosure may be more fully appreciated by reference to the following description, including the following definitions and examples. Certain features of the disclosed processes are described herein in the context of separate aspects, may also be provided in combination in a single aspect. Alternatively, various features of the disclosed processes that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single aspect, may also be provided separately or in any sub-combination.
[0007] In the present disclosure the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include the plural reference, and reference to a particular numerical value includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an organic solvent, ” “organic solvent, ” “an appropriate organic solvent, ” and the like is a reference to one organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents. When a range of values is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular and / or to the other particular value. All ranges are inclusive and combinable.
[0008] The modifier “about” should be considered as disclosing the range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints. For example, the expression “from about 2 to about 4” also discloses the range “from 2 to 4. ” When used to modify a single number, the term “about” refers to plus or minus 10%of the indicated number and includes the indicated number. For example, “about 10 ℃” indicates a range of 9 ℃ to 11 ℃, and “about 1” means from 0.9–1.1.
[0009] “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound of the disclosure that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound. In particular, such salts are non-toxic and may be inorganic or organic acid addition salts. Specifically, such salts include: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3- (4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methane-sulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1, 2-ethane-disulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethane-sulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluene-sulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo [2.2.2] -oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid, and the like.
[0010] As used herein, the term “protecting group” refers to a chemical moiety that is present in a molecule to prevent reaction of the molecule at the protected position. In some embodiments, the protected position is a hydroxy group, and the protecting group would be referred to as a hydroxy protecting group. In other embodiments, the protected position is an amino group, and the protecting group would be referred to as an amine protecting group. A person of skill in the art will recognize which protecting groups are suitable for which reaction conditions. In general, a protecting group will be stable (i.e., will not be removed) under certain conditions, and will be labile (i.e., will be removed) under other conditions. An acid-labile protecting group, for example, will be removed under acidic conditions. An acid-labile, fluoride ion labile protecting group will be removed under either acidic conditions or in the presence of fluoride ion. A wide variety of protecting groups, as well as methods of installing and removing protecting groups, are known to those skilled in the art, and include those set forth in Green and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley &Sons, Inc. (3rd ed., 1999) .
[0011] The term “alkyl, ” when used alone or as part of a substituent group, refers to a straight-or branched-chain hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms ( “C1-C12” ) , preferably 1 to 4 carbons atoms ( “C1-C4” ) , in the group. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl (Me, C1alkyl) , ethyl (Et, C2alkyl) , n-propyl (C3alkyl) , isopropyl (C3alkyl) , butyl (C4alkyl) , isobutyl (C4alkyl) , sec-butyl (C4alkyl) , tert-butyl (C4alkyl) , and the like.
[0012] In some aspects, the processes disclosed herein may be conducted under any conditions (e.g., temperatures, concentrations, amounts of reagents, inert atmosphere, etc. ) under which the chemical reactions proceed. For example, the processes disclosed herein may be conducted at any temperatures at which the chemical reactions proceed, and include those temperatures specifically disclosed herein.
[0013] In some aspects, the disclosure is directed to processes for preparing compound 1a or compound 1b, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group.
[0014] In some embodiments, the disclosure is directed to processes for preparing compound 1a:
[0015] In other embodiments, the disclosure is directed to processes for preparing compound 1b:
[0016] In some embodiments, PG3 is t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , and compound 1b is compound 1b-1:
[0017] In some aspects, compound 1a or compound 1b is prepared by a process comprising reacting compound 2a or compound 2b, respectively: wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group, with compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a reductive amination reaction.
[0018] In some embodiments of compound 2b, PG3 is t-butyldimethylsilyl and the compound is compound 2b-1:
[0019] In some embodiments, compound 2a or 2b is reacted with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 3 in the reductive amination reaction.
[0020] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 3 is the trihydrochloride salt.
[0021] In some aspects, the reductive amination reaction comprises a solvent and a reducing agent.
[0022] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction, the solvent comprises N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , an alcohol, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, an ether, an ester, water, an aromatic hydrocarbon, or mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the solvent comprises N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dichloroethane, dicloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, diethyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, water, toluene, xylene, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) . In other embodiments, the solvent comprises a mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water. In yet other embodiments, the solvent comprises dichloromethane.
[0023] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction, the reducing agent comprises a metal hydride, a borohydride, a silane, a borane, formic acid, or catalytic hydrogenation. In some embodiments, the reducing agent is a borohydride reducing agent.
[0024] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride (NaBH4) , sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN) , sodium triacetoxyborohydride (NaBH (OAc) 3) , lithium borohydride (LiBH4) , lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) , borane-pyridine complex, borane-trimethylamine complex, hydrogen with palladium catalyst (H2 / Pd) , diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) , L-Selectride, sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride (Red-Al) , zinc borohydride (Zn (BH4) 2) , sodium triethylborohydride, ammonia-borane complex, or dimethylamine-borane complex.
[0025] In other embodiments of the reductive amination reaction, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) , or lithium borohydride. In some embodiments
[0026] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction, the reducing agent is sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) .
[0027] In some aspects of the reductive amination reaction, the reductive amination reaction further comprises a base. In some embodiments, the base comprises an amine, alkali metal bicarbonate, and alkaline earth metal bicarbonate, an alkali metal carbonate, and alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
[0028] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction, the base is triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , pyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 4, 6-collidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH) , magnesium oxide (MgO) , calcium oxide (CaO) , barium oxide (BaO) , sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, or potassium phosphate.
[0029] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction, the base is sodium bicarbonate. In other embodiments, the base is diisopropylethylamine.
[0030] In other aspects of the reductive amination reaction, the reductive amination reaction further comprises an acid, such as, for example, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, pivalic acid, trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid, or salicylic acid. In some embodiments, the acid is acetic acid.
[0031] In some embodiments, the reductive amination comprises reacting compound 2a with the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3 in dichloromethane solvent, diisopropylethylamine as base, acetic acid as the acid, and sodium triacetoxyborohydride as the reducing agent.
[0032] In some embodiments, the reductive amination comprises reacting compound 2a with the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3 in a mixture of DMF and water as solvent, sodium bicarbonate as base, and sodium triacetoxyborohydride as the reducing agent.
[0033] In other embodiments, the reductive amination comprises reacting compound 2b-1 with the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3 in a mixture of DMF and water as solvent, sodium bicarbonate as base, and sodium triacetoxyborohydride as the reducing agent.
[0034] In some aspects, the reductive amination reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of about -15℃ –about 50℃, such as for example, at about -15℃, about -14℃, about -13℃, about -12℃, about -11℃, about -10℃, about -9℃, about -8℃, about -7℃, about -6℃, about -5℃, about -4℃, about -3℃, about -2℃, about -1℃, about 0℃, about 1℃, about 2℃, about 3℃, about 4℃, about 5℃, about 6℃, about 7℃, about 8℃, about 9℃, about 10℃, about 11℃, about 12℃, about 13℃, about 14℃, about 15℃, about 16℃, about 17℃, about 18℃, about 19℃, about 20℃, about 21℃, about 22℃, about 23℃, about 24℃, about 25℃, about 26℃, about 27℃, about 28℃, about 29℃, about 30℃, about 31℃, about 32℃, about 33℃, about 34℃, about 35℃, about 36℃, about 37℃, about 38℃, about 39℃, about 40℃, about 41℃, about 42℃, about 43℃, about 44℃, about 45℃, about 46℃, about 47℃, about 48℃, about 49℃, or about 50℃.
[0035] In some embodiments, the reductive amination reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of about 17℃ –about 23℃, such as, for example, at about 17℃, about 18℃, about 19℃, about 20℃, about 21℃, about 22℃, or about 23℃.
[0036] In other embodiments, the reductive amination reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of about -5℃ –about 5℃, such as, for example, at about -5℃, about -4℃, about -3℃, about -2℃, about -1℃, about 0℃, about 1℃, about 2℃, about 3℃, about 4℃, or about 5℃.Purification
[0037] In some aspects of the reductive amination reaction, the product (compound 1a or 1b) is isolated by crystallization of an acid addition salt of compound 1.
[0038] In some embodiments, the product (compound 1a or 1b) of the reductive amination reaction is isolated by crystallization of the citrate salt of compound 1a or 1b.
[0039] In some embodiments, the isolation step comprises dissolving compound 1a or 1b in a solvent, adding citric acid to the solution to form the citrate salt of compound 1a or 1b, and collecting the solid citrate salt by filtration.
[0040] In some embodiments, the solvent is acetone, ethyl acetate, MTBE, THF, or mixtures thereof.
[0041] In some embodiments, the isolation step comprises dissolving compound 1a in a solvent, adding citric acid to the solution to form the citrate salt of compound 1a, and collecting the solid citrate salt by filtration.
[0042] In other embodiments, the isolation step comprises dissolving compound 1b in a solvent, adding citric acid to the solution to form the citrate salt of compound 1b, and collecting the solid citrate salt by filtration.
[0043] In other embodiments, the isolation step comprises dissolving compound 1b-1 in a solvent, adding citric acid to the solution to form the citrate salt of compound 1b-1, and collecting the solid citrate salt by filtration:
[0044] In some embodiments, the citrate salt of compound 1b-1 is:
[0045] In other embodiments, the citrate salt of compound 1a is:
[0046] In some aspects, the disclosure provides processes for preparing the trihydrochloride salt of compound 1a.
[0047] In some embodiments, the trihydrochloride salt of compound 1a is prepared by reacting the citrate salt of compound 1b with hydrogen chloride in a solvent:
[0048] In some embodiments, the solvent is methanol, and the HCl is hydrogen chloride in methanol.
[0049] In other embodiments, the trihydrochloride salt of compound 1a is prepared by reacting the citrate salt of compound 1b-1 with hydrogen chloride in a solvent:
[0050] In some embodiments, the solvent is methanol, and the HCl is hydrogen chloride in methanol.
[0051] In some embodiments, the trihydrochloride salt of compound 1a is prepared by reacting the citrate salt of compound 1a with hydrogen chloride in a solvent:
[0052] In some embodiments, the solvent is methanol, and the HCl is hydrogen chloride in methanol.
[0053] In some embodiments, the solvent is acetonitrile / water, and the HCl is hydrogen chloride in water.
[0054] In some embodiments, the process for preparing the trihydrochloride salt of compound 1a, compound 1b, or compound 1b-1 from the corresponding citrate salts, the process comprises (i) mixing the citrate salt, methanol, and methanolic hydrogen chloride; (ii) adding an antisolvent, and (iii) collecting the precipitated trihydrochloride salt. In some embodiments, the antisolvent is acetonitrile. In other embodiments, the antisolvent is MTBE.Recrystallization of Compound 1a trihydrochloride salt
[0055] In some aspects, the compound 1a trihydrochloride salt is recrystallized by (i) dissolving the compound 1a trihydrochloride salt in a solvent; (ii) adding an antisolvent; and (iii) collecting the compound 1a trihydrochloride salt by filtration.
[0056] In some embodiments, the solvent is an alcohol. In some embodiments, the solvent is methanol. In some embodiments, the solvent is isopropanol.
[0057] In some embodiments, the antisolvent is acetonitrile or MTBE. In some embodiments, the antisolvent is acetonitrile. In some embodiments, the antisolvent is MTBE.Compound 3
[0058] In some aspects, the disclosure is directed to processes for preparing compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
[0059] In some embodiments, the disclosure is directed to processes for preparing a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 3. In some embodiments, the disclosure is directed to processes for preparing the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3:
[0060] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is prepared by deprotecting compound 4: wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0061] In other aspects of the disclosure, compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is prepared by deprotecting compound 93: wherein each PG is independently an amine protecting group.
[0062] Amine protecting groups, as well as methods of installing and removing amine protecting groups, are known to those skilled in the art, and include those set forth in Green and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley &Sons, Inc. (3rd ed., 1999) .
[0063] In some embodiments, PG is a carbamate, such as, for example, tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) , benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) , allyloxycarbonyl, 2, 2, 2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyloxycarbonyl, 1, 1-dimethylallyloxycarbonyl, 1-methyl-1- (4-biphenylyl) ethyloxycarbonyl, 2- (4-biphenylyl) propan-2-yloxycarbonyl, 2- (phenylsulfonyl) ethoxycarbonyl, 2-phosphonioethyloxycarbonyl, methyloxycarbonyl, ethyloxycarbonyl, isobutyloxycarbonyl, or 2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.
[0064] In some embodiments, the PG protecting group is Boc. In some embodiments of compound 93, each PG protecting group is Boc.
[0065] In other embodiments, PG is an amide, such as, for example, formyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, benzoyl, pivaloyl, methoxyacetyl, chloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, phthaloyl, maleyl, succinyl, tosyl, mesyl, nosyl, dansyl, 2-nitrobenzoyl, 4-nitrobenzoyl, 2, 4-dinitrobenzoyl, 2-naphthoyl, or adamantylcarbonyl.
[0066] In some aspects, when PG is an acid-labile protecting group, deprotecting compound 4 (i.e., removing the PG protecting group) is accomplished by treating compound 4 with acid. In some embodiments, the acid is an aqueous acid. In other embodiments, the acid is non-aqueous.
[0067] In some embodiments, deprotecting compound 4 is accomplished by treating compound 4 with methanolic hydrogen chloride to yield directly the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3.
[0068] In some embodiments, deprotecting compound 4 wherein PG is Boc is accomplished by treating compound 4 with methanolic hydrogen chloride to yield directly the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3.
[0069] In some aspects, when PG is a base-labile protecting group, deprotecting compound 4 is accomplished by treating compound 4 with base in a solvent. In some embodiments, the base is an alkali metal hydroxide.
[0070] In some aspects, when PG is a fluoride ion-labile protecting group, deprotecting compound 4 is accomplished by treating compound 4 with fluoride ion in a solvent.
[0071] In some aspects, when PG is an acid-labile protecting group, deprotecting compound 93 (i.e., removing the PG protecting groups) is accomplished by treating compound 93 with acid. In some embodiments, the acid is an aqueous acid. In other embodiments, the acid is non-aqueous.
[0072] In some embodiments, deprotecting compound 93 is accomplished by treating compound 93 with hydrogen chloride in solvent to yield directly the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3.
[0073] In some embodiments, deprotecting compound 93 wherein each PG is Boc is accomplished by treating compound 93 with hydrogen chloride in isopropyl acetate in acetonitrile to yield directly the trihydrochloride salt of compound 3.
[0074] In some aspects, when PG is a base-labile protecting group, deprotecting compound 93 is accomplished by treating compound 93 with base in a solvent. In some embodiments, the base is an alkali metal hydroxide.
[0075] In some aspects, when each PG is a fluoride ion-labile protecting group, deprotecting compound 93 is accomplished by treating compound 93 with fluoride ion in a solvent. Compound 93
[0076] In aspects of the disclosure, compound 93 is prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 94 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid in the presence of a catalyst, solvent, and base: wherein each PG is independently an amine protecting group.
[0077] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises a palladium complex.
[0078] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises a palladium complex and an additional ligand.
[0079] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (PPh3) 4) , bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) dichloride (Pd (PPh3) 2Cl2) , palladium (II) acetate (Pd (OAc) 2) , palladium on carbon (Pd / C) , [1, 1'-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dppf) Cl2) , bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (0) (Pd (dba) 2) , tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) (Pd2 (dba) 3) , allylpalladium chloride dimer ( [Pd (allyl) Cl] 2) , palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) , [1, 3-bis(2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene] (3-chloropyridyl) palladium (II) dichloride (PEPPSI-IPr) , bis (tri-tert-butylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (P (t-Bu) 3) 2) , [1, 1'-bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dtbpf) Cl2) , or dichloro (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium (II) (PdCl2 (COD) ) .
[0080] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises Pd (OAc) 2.
[0081] In some embodiments, the additional ligand comprises triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tri (o-tolyl) phosphine (P (o-tol) 3) , tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) , tri-tert-butylphosphine (P(t-Bu) 3) , 1, 1'-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (dppf) , 1, 2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane (dppe) , 1, 3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane (dppp) , 1, 4-bis (diphenylphosphino) butane (dppb) , Sphos 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2′, 6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-diisopropoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl (RuPhos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2'- (N, N-dimethylamino) biphenyl (DavePhos) , 2- (di-tert-butylphosphino) biphenyl (JohnPhos) , 2-Biphenyl) dicyclohexylphosphine (CyJohnPhos) , 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2'-methylbiphenyl (MePhos) , 2- (di-tert-butylphosphino) biphenyl, 2- (dicyclohexylphosphino) biphenyl, tri (2-furyl) phosphine, tris (2, 4, 6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphine, 1, 3-bis (2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) , 1, 3-bis (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) , 1, 3-bis(adamantyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IAd) , 4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) -9, 9-dimethylxanthene (XantPhos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 6'-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) , or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 4', 6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) .
[0082] In some embodiments, the additional ligand comprises RuPhos.
[0083] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises RuPhos and Pd (OAc) 2.
[0084] In some aspects, the solvent used for the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 94 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid comprises toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile (MeCN) , water, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
[0085] In some aspects, the base used for the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 94 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid is potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , potassium phosphate (K3PO4) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , and triethylamine (NEt3) . In some embodiments, the base is potassium phosphate (K3PO4) .
[0086] In some embodiments each PG is Boc, and compound 94 is compound 94-1, and compound 93 is compound 93-1:
[0087] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 94-1 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid, the catalyst comprises RuPhos and Pd (OAc) 2, the base is potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , and the solvent is a mixture of 1-butanol and water.Compound 94
[0088] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 94 is prepared by reacting compound 5 with an amine protecting group: wherein each PG is independently an amino protecting group.
[0089] In some embodiments, each PG is Boc.
[0090] In some embodiments, the protecting group reagent is Boc anhydride. In some embodiments, the base is triethyl amine. In some embodiments, the catalyst is dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) . In some embodiments, the solvent is acetonitrile.Compound 4
[0091] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 4 is prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 5 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid in the presence of a catalyst, solvent, and base: wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0092] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises a palladium complex.
[0093] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises a palladium complex and an additional ligand.
[0094] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (PPh3) 4) , bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) dichloride (Pd (PPh3) 2Cl2) , palladium (II) acetate (Pd (OAc) 2) , palladium on carbon (Pd / C) , [1, 1'-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dppf) Cl2) , bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (0) (Pd (dba) 2) , tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) (Pd2 (dba) 3) , allylpalladium chloride dimer ( [Pd (allyl) Cl] 2) , palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) , [1, 3-bis(2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene] (3-chloropyridyl) palladium (II) dichloride (PEPPSI-IPr) , bis (tri-tert-butylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (P (t-Bu) 3) 2) , [1, 1'-bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dtbpf) Cl2) , or dichloro (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium (II) (PdCl2 (COD) ) .
[0095] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises Pd (OAc) 2.
[0096] In some embodiments, the additional ligand comprises triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tri (o-tolyl) phosphine (P (o-tol) 3) , tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) , tri-tert-butylphosphine (P(t-Bu) 3) , 1, 1'-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (dppf) , 1, 2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane (dppe) , 1, 3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane (dppp) , 1, 4-bis (diphenylphosphino) butane (dppb) , Sphos 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2′, 6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-diisopropoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl (RuPhos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2'- (N, N-dimethylamino) biphenyl (DavePhos) , 2- (di-tert-butylphosphino) biphenyl (JohnPhos) , 2-Biphenyl) dicyclohexylphosphine (CyJohnPhos) , 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2'-methylbiphenyl (MePhos) , 2- (di-tert-butylphosphino) biphenyl, 2- (dicyclohexylphosphino) biphenyl, tri (2-furyl) phosphine, tris (2, 4, 6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphine, 1, 3-bis (2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) , 1, 3-bis (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) , 1, 3-bis(adamantyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IAd) , 4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) -9, 9-dimethylxanthene (XantPhos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 6'-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) , or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 4', 6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) .
[0097] In some embodiments, the additional ligand comprises XPhos.
[0098] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises XPhos and Pd (OAc) 2.
[0099] In some aspects, the solvent used for the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 5 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid comprises toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile (MeCN) , water, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
[0100] In some aspects, the base used for the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 5 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid is potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , potassium phosphate (K3PO4) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , and triethylamine (NEt3) . In some embodiments, the base is potassium phosphate (K3PO4) .
[0101] In some embodiments PG is Boc, and compound 5 is compound 5-1, and compound 4 is compound 4-1:
[0102] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 5 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid, the catalyst is XPhos and Pd (OAc) 2 , the base is potassium phosphate (K3PO4) , and the solvent is a mixture of dioxane and water.
[0103] In other aspects of the disclosure, compound 4 is prepared by reductive amination of compound 6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 7 the presence of a solvent, reducing agent, acid, and base: wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0104] In some embodiments, PG is Boc.
[0105] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , an alcohol, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, an ether, an ester, water, an aromatic hydrocarbon, or mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, diethyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, water, toluene, xylene, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises a mixture of methanol and water.
[0106] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the reducing agent comprises a metal hydride, a borohydride, a silane, a borane, formic acid, or catalytic hydrogenation. In some embodiments, the reducing agent is a borohydride reducing agent.
[0107] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride (NaBH4) , sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN) , sodium triacetoxyborohydride (NaBH (OAc) 3) , lithium borohydride (LiBH4) , lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) , borane-pyridine complex, borane-trimethylamine complex, hydrogen with palladium catalyst (H2 / Pd) , diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) , L-Selectride, sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride (Red-Al) , zinc borohydride (Zn (BH4) 2) , sodium triethylborohydride, ammonia-borane complex, or dimethylamine-borane complex.
[0108] In other embodiments of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) , or lithium borohydride. In some embodiments
[0109] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the reducing agent is sodium cyanoborohydride.
[0110] In some aspects of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the reductive amination reaction further comprises a base. In some embodiments, the base comprises an amine, alkali metal bicarbonate, and alkaline earth metal bicarbonate, an alkali metal carbonate, and alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
[0111] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the base is triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , pyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 4, 6-collidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH) , magnesium oxide (MgO) , calcium oxide (CaO) , barium oxide (BaO) , sodium acetate (NaOAc) , potassium acetate (KOAc) , sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) , or potassium phosphate (K3PO4) .
[0112] In some embodiments of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the base is sodium hydroxide.
[0113] In other aspects of the reductive amination reaction of compound 6, the reductive amination reaction further comprises an acid, such as, for example, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, pivalic acid, trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid, or salicylic acid. In some embodiments, the acid is acetic acid.Compound 5
[0114] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 5 is prepared by intramolecular cyclization by reacting compound 8 with a phosphine in a solvent, followed by a base and a solvent, wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0115] In some embodiments, PG is Boc.
[0116] In some embodiments, the phosphine is triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tributylphosphine (PBu3) , trimethylphosphine (PMe3) , triethylphosphine (PEt3) , tri-n-propylphosphine (P (n-Pr) 3) , tri-n-octylphosphine (P (n-Oct) 3) , tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) , tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) , tris (4-methoxyphenyl) phosphine, tris (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) phosphine, tris (4-fluorophenyl) phosphine, tris (4-chlorophenyl) phosphine, tris (2-furyl) phosphine, diphenylmethylphosphine, methyldiphenylphosphine, dimethylphenylphosphine, tris (2-cyanoethyl) phosphine, tris (hydroxymethyl) phosphine, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine, tris (pentafluorophenyl) phosphine.
[0117] In some embodiments, the phosphine is triphenylphosphine (PPh3) .
[0118] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 8 with a phosphine in a solvent, the solvent used is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, dichloromethane (DCM) , toluene, acetonitrile. In some embodiments, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) .
[0119] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 8 with a phosphine in a solvent, followed by a base and a solvent, the base is triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , pyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 4, 6-collidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) . In some embodiments, the base is N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) .
[0120] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 8 with a phosphine in a solvent, followed by a base and a solvent, the solvent used with the base is water, or an alcohol such as MeOH, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane (DCM) , chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) , sulfolane, propylene carbonate, or ethylene carbonate.
[0121] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 5-1 is prepared intramolecular cyclization by reacting compound 8-1 with a triphenylphosphine in THF, followed by a diisopropylethylamine and water: Compound 6
[0122] In some aspects, compound 6, or a salt thereof, is prepared by deprotection of compound 58: wherein PG is an acid labile amine protecting group. In some embodiments, PG in compound 58 is Boc, and compound 58 is compound 58-1.
[0123] In aspects of the disclosure, compound 58 is prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 56 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid in the presence of a catalyst, solvent, and base: wherein each PG is independently an amine protecting group.
[0124] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises a palladium complex.
[0125] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises a palladium complex and an additional ligand.
[0126] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (PPh3) 4) , bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) dichloride (Pd (PPh3) 2Cl2) , palladium (II) acetate (Pd (OAc) 2) , palladium on carbon (Pd / C) , [1, 1'-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dppf) Cl2) , bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (0) (Pd (dba) 2) , tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) (Pd2 (dba) 3) , allylpalladium chloride dimer ( [Pd (allyl) Cl] 2) , palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) , [1, 3-bis(2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene] (3-chloropyridyl) palladium (II) dichloride (PEPPSI-IPr) , bis (tri-tert-butylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (P (t-Bu) 3) 2) , [1, 1'-bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dtbpf) Cl2) , or dichloro (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium (II) (PdCl2 (COD) ) .
[0127] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises Pd (OAc) 2.
[0128] In some embodiments, the additional ligand comprises triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tri (o-tolyl) phosphine (P (o-tol) 3) , tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) , tri-tert-butylphosphine (P(t-Bu) 3) , 1, 1'-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (dppf) , 1, 2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane (dppe) , 1, 3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane (dppp) , 1, 4-bis (diphenylphosphino) butane (dppb) , Sphos 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2′, 6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-diisopropoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl (RuPhos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2'- (N, N-dimethylamino) biphenyl (DavePhos) , 2- (di-tert-butylphosphino) biphenyl (JohnPhos) , 2-Biphenyl) dicyclohexylphosphine (CyJohnPhos) , 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2'-methylbiphenyl (MePhos) , 2- (di-tert-butylphosphino) biphenyl, 2- (dicyclohexylphosphino) biphenyl, tri (2-furyl) phosphine, tris (2, 4, 6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphine, 1, 3-bis (2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) , 1, 3-bis (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) , 1, 3-bis(adamantyl) imidazol-2-ylidene (IAd) , 4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) -9, 9-dimethylxanthene (XantPhos) , 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 6'-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) , or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 4', 6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) .
[0129] In some embodiments, the additional ligand comprises Xphos.
[0130] In some embodiments, the catalyst comprises Xphos and Pd (OAc) 2.
[0131] In some aspects, the solvent used for the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 56 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid comprises toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile (MeCN) , water, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
[0132] In some aspects, the base used for the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 56 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid is potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , potassium phosphate (K3PO4) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , and triethylamine (NEt3) . In some embodiments, the base is potassium phosphate (K3PO4) .
[0133] In some embodiments each PG is Boc, and compound 56 is compound 56-1, and compound 58 is compound 58-1:
[0134] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 56-1 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid, the catalyst comprises XPhos and Pd (OAc) 2, the base is potassium phosphate (K3PO4) , and the solvent is a mixture of dioxane and water.Compound 56
[0135] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 56 is prepared by protection of compound 55: wherein PG is an acid labile amine protecting group.
[0136] In some embodiments, PG is Boc. In some embodiments, the protecting group reagents comprise Boc anhydride, triethylamine, and DMAP and the solvent is dichloromethane.Compound 55
[0137] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 55 is prepared intramolecular cyclization by reacting compound 54 with a phosphine in a solvent, followed by a base and a solvent, wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0138] In some embodiments, PG is Boc.
[0139] In some embodiments, the phosphine is triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tributylphosphine (PBu3) , trimethylphosphine (PMe3) , triethylphosphine (PEt3) , tri-n-propylphosphine (P (n-Pr) 3) , tri-n-octylphosphine (P (n-Oct) 3) , tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) , tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) , tris (4-methoxyphenyl) phosphine, tris (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) phosphine, tris (4-fluorophenyl) phosphine, tris (4-chlorophenyl) phosphine, tris (2-furyl) phosphine, diphenylmethylphosphine, methyldiphenylphosphine, dimethylphenylphosphine, tris (2-cyanoethyl) phosphine, tris (hydroxymethyl) phosphine, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine, tris (pentafluorophenyl) phosphine.
[0140] In some embodiments, the phosphine is triphenylphosphine (PPh3) .
[0141] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 54 with a phosphine in a solvent, the solvent used is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, dichloromethane (DCM) , toluene, acetonitrile. In some embodiments, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) .
[0142] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 54 with a phosphine in a solvent, followed by a base and a solvent, the base is triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , pyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 4, 6-collidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) . In some embodiments, the base is N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) .
[0143] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 55 with a phosphine in a solvent, followed by a base and a solvent, the solvent used with the base is water, or an alcohol such as MeOH, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane (DCM) , chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) , sulfolane, propylene carbonate, or ethylene carbonate. In some embodiments, the solvent used with the base is water.
[0144] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 55-1 is prepared intramolecular cyclization by reacting compound 54-1 with a triphenylphosphine in THF, followed by a diisopropylethylamine and water: Compound 54
[0145] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 54 is made by reaction of compound 53 with an azide under Mitsunobu conditions: wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0146] In some embodiments, the Mitsunobu reagents comprise: (1) one of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) , diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) , di- tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipiperidine (ADDP) , N, N, N', N'-Tetramethylazodicarboxamide (TMAD) , di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate (DMEAD) , 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 1, 1'-azobis (N, N-dimethylformamide) (ABDF) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipyrrolidine, bis (2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate (BTCEAD) , or 4, 7-dimethyl-3, 5, 7-hexahydro-1, 2, 4, 7-tetrazocin-3, 8-dione (DHTD) ; and (2) one of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tributylphosphine (PBu3) , trimethylphosphine (PMe3) , tri-n-butylphosphine (P (n-Bu) 3) , triethylphosphine (PEt3) , or tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) .
[0147] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 53 with an azide under Mitsunobu conditions, the azide is one of trimethylsilyl azide (TMSA) , sodium azide, lithium azide, tetrabutylammonium azide, tosyl azide, mesyl azide, trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide, 2-azido-1, 3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (ADMP) , imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide, 1H-tetrazole-1-sulfonyl azide, 1H-benzotriazole-1-sulfonyl azide, trisyl azide, nonafluorobutanesulfonyl azide, 4-carboxybenzenesulfonyl azide, 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl azide, 2-azidoethyl diphenylphosphinate, or diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) .
[0148] In some embodiments, the azide is diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) .
[0149] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 53 with an azide under Mitsunobu conditions, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, dichloromethane (DCM) , toluene, benzene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethyl acetate, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, hexane, cyclohexane, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , diisopropyl ether, tert-butanol, isopropanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diglyme, or tetraglyme.
[0150] In some embodiments, the solvent is THF.
[0151] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 54-1 is made by reaction of compound 53-1 with DIAD, Ph3P, and DPPA in THF: Compound 53
[0152] In some aspects of the discosure, compound 53 is prepared by reacting compound 16 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine in a solvent and in the presence of a base. wherein PG2 is an amine protecting group.
[0153] In some embodiments, PG is Boc.
[0154] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 16 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine, the base is triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , pyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 4, 6-collidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , or K2HPO4. In some embodiments, the base is N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) .
[0155] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 16 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine, the solvent is MeOH, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane (DCM) , chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) , sulfolane, propylene carbonate, or ethylene carbonate.
[0156] In some embodiments, the solvent is DMF and the base is N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) .
[0157] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 53-1 is prepared by reacting compound 16-1 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine in DMF and in the presence of N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) : Compound 8
[0158] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 8 is made by reaction of compound 9 with an azide under Mitsunobu conditions: wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0159] In some embodiments, the Mitsunobu reagents comprise: (1) one of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) , diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) , di- tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipiperidine (ADDP) , N, N, N', N'-Tetramethylazodicarboxamide (TMAD) , di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate (DMEAD) , 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 1, 1'-azobis (N, N-dimethylformamide) (ABDF) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipyrrolidine, bis (2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate (BTCEAD) , or 4, 7-dimethyl-3, 5, 7-hexahydro-1, 2, 4, 7-tetrazocin-3, 8-dione (DHTD) ; and (2) one of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tributylphosphine (PBu3) , trimethylphosphine (PMe3) , tri-n-butylphosphine (P (n-Bu) 3) , triethylphosphine (PEt3) , or tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) .
[0160] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 9 with an azide under Mitsunobu conditions, the azide is one of trimethylsilyl azide (TMSA) , sodium azide, lithium azide, tetrabutylammonium azide, tosyl azide, mesyl azide, trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide, 2-azido-1, 3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (ADMP) , imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide, 1H-tetrazole-1-sulfonyl azide, 1H-benzotriazole-1-sulfonyl azide, trisyl azide, nonafluorobutanesulfonyl azide, 4-carboxybenzenesulfonyl azide, 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl azide, 2-azidoethyl diphenylphosphinate, or diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) .
[0161] In some embodiments, the azide is diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) .
[0162] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 9 with an azide under Mitsunobu conditions, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, dichloromethane (DCM) , toluene, benzene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethyl acetate, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, hexane, cyclohexane, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , diisopropyl ether, tert-butanol, isopropanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diglyme, or tetraglyme.
[0163] In some embodiments, the solvent is THF.
[0164] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 8-1 is made by reaction of compound 9-1 with DIAD, Ph3P, and DPPA in THF: Compound 9
[0165] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 9 is prepared by reacting compound 10 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine in a solvent and in the presence of a base. wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0166] In some embodiments, PG is Boc.
[0167] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 10 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine, the base is triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , pyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 4, 6-collidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , or K2HPO4. In some embodiments, the base is K2HPO4.
[0168] In some embodiments of the reaction of compound 10 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine, the solvent is MeOH, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane (DCM) , chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) , sulfolane, propylene carbonate, or ethylene carbonate.
[0169] In some embodiments, the solvent is DMF and the base is potassium hydrogen phosphate.
[0170] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 9-1 is prepared by reacting compound 10-1 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine in DMF and in the presence of a K2HPO4: Compound 10
[0171] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 10 is prepared by hydrolysis of compound 11 in the presence of solvent, water, and base: wherein PG is an amine protecting group.
[0172] In some embodiments of the hydrolysis of compound 11 in the presence of solvent, water, and base, the solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, xylene, hexane, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , propylene carbonate, or sulfolane. In some embodiments, the solvent is ethanol.
[0173] In some embodiments of the hydrolysis of compound 11 in the presence of solvent, water, and base, the base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) . In some embodiments, the base is sodium hydroxide.
[0174] In some embodiments of the hydrolysis of compound 11 in the presence of solvent, water, and base, the solvent is ethanol and the base is sodium hydroxide.
[0175] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 10-1 is prepared by hydrolysis of compound 11-1 in the presence of solvent, water, and base:
[0176] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 10-1 is prepared by hydrolysis of compound 11-1 in the presence of ethanol, water, and sodium hydroxide.Compound 11
[0177] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 11 is prepared by alkylation of compound 12 with compound 13 in the presence of solvent and base: wherein PG is an amine protecting group; and OLg is a leaving group.
[0178] In some embodiments of the alkylation of compound 12 with compound 13 in the presence of solvent and base, PG is Boc.
[0179] In some embodiments of the alkylation of compound 12 with compound 13 in the presence of solvent and base, OLg is tosylate (OTs) , mesylate (OMs) , triflate (OTf) , nosylate (ONs) , brosylate (OBr) , besylate (OBs) , or tresylate (OTr) . In some embodiments, the leaving group is nosylate (ONs) .
[0180] In some embodiments of the alkylation of compound 12 with compound 13 in the presence of solvent and base, the solvent is acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-butanone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , or tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) . In some embodiments, the solvent is acetonitrile.
[0181] In some embodiments of the alkylation of compound 12 with compound 13 in the presence of solvent and base, the base is triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) , potassium phosphate (K3PO4) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH) . In some embodiments, the base is sodium carbonate.
[0182] In some embodiments, the leaving group is nosylate (ONs) ; the base is sodium carbonate, and the solvent is acetonitrile.
[0183] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 11-1 is prepared by alkylation of compound 12 with compound 13-1 in the presence of acetonitrile and sodium carbonate: Compound 13
[0184] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 13 is prepared by reaction of compound 14 with leaving group installation reagents in a solvent: wherein PG is an amine protecting group; and OLg is a leaving group.
[0185] In some embodiments, OLg is tosylate (OTs) , mesylate (OMs) , triflate (OTf) , nosylate (ONs) , brosylate (OBr) , besylate (OBs) , or tresylate (OTr) . In some embodiments, the leaving group is nosylate (ONs) . Conditions for installing these leaving groups are known to those skilled in the art.
[0186] In some embodiments, PG is Boc.
[0187] In some embodiments, the leaving group installation reagents comprise nosyl chloride (NsCl) , dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , and triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) ; wherein the solvent is dichloromethane, and OLg is ONs.
[0188] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 13-1 is prepared by reaction of compound 14-1 with leaving group installation reagents in a solvent: Compound 12
[0189] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 12 is prepared by reaction of compound 15 with an acid in a solvent, followed by a base: wherein PG2 is an acid labile amine protecting group.
[0190] In some embodiments, PG2 is Boc.
[0191] In some embodiments, the acid is trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) , hydrochloric acid (HCl) , formic acid, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) , phosphoric acid (H3PO4) , p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) , methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) , trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) , boron trifluoride etherate (BF3·Et2O) , trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) , zinc bromide (ZnBr2) , iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) , hydrogen bromide (HBr) , acetic acid (AcOH) , citric acid, oxalic acid. In some embodiments, the acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl) .
[0192] In some embodiments, the solvent is dichloromethane (DCM) , chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , water, hexane, toluene, 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) , 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) , acetic acid, formic acid. In some embodiments, the solvent is isopropyl acetate.
[0193] In some embodiments, the base is triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) , diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) , potassium phosphate (K3PO4) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH) . In some embodiments, the base is sodium carbonate.
[0194] In some embodiments of the disclosure, compound 12 is prepared by reaction of compound 12-1 with HCl in isopropyl acetate, followed by sodium carbonate: Compound 15
[0195] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 15 is prepared by reaction of compound 16 with a carbonyl installation reagent in a solvent: wherein PG2 is an amine protecting group.
[0196] In some embodiments, the PG2 is Boc.
[0197] In some embodiments, and the carbonyl installation reagent comprises carbonyl diimidazole, disuccinimidyl carbonate, triphosgene, diphosgene, or phosgene.
[0198] In some embodiments, the solvent is dichloromethane (DCM) , chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , toluene, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , propylene carbonate, or acetone. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises THF.
[0199] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 15-1 is prepared by reaction of compound 16-1 with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) in THF: Compound 2
[0200] In some aspects, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 2a or 2b, wherein the processes comprises reacting compound 17a or 17b, respectively, with aqueous acid. wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group, and each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.
[0201] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 2a, wherein the processes comprise reacting compound 17a with aqueous acid. wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl. In some embodiments, each R1 is -CH3.
[0202] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 2b, wherein the processes comprise reacting compound 17b with aqueous acid, wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group, and each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl. In some embodiments, each R1 is -CH3.
[0203] In some embodiments, PG3 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG3 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0204] In some embodiments, the aqueous acid used in the process is aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) , aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) , aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) , aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) , aqueous acetic acid (AcOH) , aqueous formic acid, aqueous oxalic acid, aqueous phosphoric acid (H3PO4) , aqueous methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) , aqueous camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) , aqueous pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) , or aqueous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) .Compound 17
[0205] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 17a or 17b is prepared by coupling compound 18a or 18b, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group; and each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.
[0206] In some embodiments of the processes for preparing compound 17, each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl. In some embodiments, each R1 is -CH3.
[0207] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 17, PG3 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , trimethylsilyl (TMS) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , or methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG3 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0208] In some aspects, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 19 is used in the coupling reaction. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 19 is 19-M or 19-M2, wherein M+ is an alkali metal cation and M2+ is an alkali earth or transition metal:
[0209] In some aspects of the processes for preparing compound 17a or 17b, the coupling reagent is HATU (1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate) , HBTU (N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-O- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) uronium hexafluorophosphate) , PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , COMU (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy) dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate) , T3P (propylphosphonic anhydride) , T4P (tributylphosphonic anhydride) , DMTMM (4- (4, 6-dimethoxy-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride) , BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxy) tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , TBTU (O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate) , HOBt (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) , HOAt (1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole) , DEPBT (3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy) -1, 2, 3-benzotriazin-4 (3H) -one) , EEDQ (N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) . In some embodiments, the coupling reagent is HATU.
[0210] In some embodiments, the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dichloromethane (DCM) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , 1, 4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , propylene carbonate, toluene, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , or diethyl ether.
[0211] In some embodiments, the base used in the coupling reaction is triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) , diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , or 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) .
[0212] In some embodiments of the coupling reaction, the coupling reagent is HATU, the solvent is dichloromethane, and the base is triethylamine.
[0213] In some embodiments of the coupling reaction, the coupling reagent is HBTU, the solvent is dichloromethane, and the base is triethylamine.
[0214] In some embodiments of the coupling reaction, compound 18a or 18b is used as a hydrochloride salt.
[0215] In some embodiments, compound 17a is prepared by coupling compound 18a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19 using T3P coupling reagent in isopropyl alcohol solvent.
[0216] In some embodiments, compound 17a-1 is prepared by coupling compound 18a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19-1 using T3P coupling reagent in isopropyl alcohol solvent.
[0217] In some embodiments, compound 17a is prepared by coupling compound 18a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19 using T4P coupling reagent in isopropyl alcohol solvent.
[0218] In some embodiments, compound 17a-1 is prepared by coupling compound 18a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19-1 using T4P coupling reagent in isopropyl alcohol solvent.
[0219] In some embodiments, compound 17a is prepared by coupling compound 18a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19 using T3P coupling reagent with diisopropyl ethylamine base in isopropyl alcohol solvent.
[0220] In some embodiments, compound 17a-1 is prepared by coupling compound 18a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19-1 using T3P coupling reagent with diisopropyl ethylamine base in isopropyl alcohol solvent.
[0221] In some aspects, the ratio of diastereomers formed in the coupling reaction can be controlled by the choice of R, as shown below:
[0222] In some embodiments, compound 17b is converted to compound 17a by selective removal of protecting group PG3 (i.e., where R = PG3) using mildly acidic conditions that do not hydrolyze the acetal. In some embodiments, PG3 is removed by treating compound 17b with aqueous citric acid. In some embodiments, the TES is removed by treating compound 17b-1-2 with aqueous citric acid.
[0223] In some embodiments in which the compound 17a is prepared by removing the PG3 protecting group, the compound is purified by crystallization from isopropanol and MTBE.
[0224] In some aspects of the disclosure, the quinine salt of compound 19a-1 (19a-1-Qn) is coupled with compound 18a or 18b to give compound 17a-1 or 17b-1:
[0225] In some embodiments, 19a-1-Qn is coupled with compound 18a to give compound 17a-1. In some embodiments, the coupling reagents are T4P and diisopropylethyl amine and the solvent is IPA. In some embodiments, the coupling reagents are T3P and diisopropylethyl amine and the solvent is IPA.Compound 18
[0226] In some aspects, the disclosure provides processes wherein compound 18a or 18b are prepared by removing the amino protecting group (PG4) of compound 20a or 20b: wherein PG4 is an amine protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.
[0227] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 18a, wherein the processes comprise removing the amino protecting group (PG4) of compound 20a.
[0228] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 18b, wherein the processes comprise removing the amino protecting group (PG4) of compound 20b.
[0229] In some embodiments, PG3 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , or methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG3 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0230] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 18a, wherein the processes comprise reacting compound 20a-1, wherein PG4 is Boc, with aqueous acid.
[0231] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 18a, wherein the processes comprise reacting compound 20a-1, wherein PG4 is Boc, with HCl in dioxane and methanol.
[0232] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides processes for preparing compound 18b-1, wherein the processes comprise reacting compound 20b-1-1, wherein PG4 is Boc, with aqueous acid, and wherein PG3 is TBS.
[0233] In some embodiments, the aqueous acid used in the process is aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) , aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) , aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) , aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) , aqueous acetic acid (AcOH) , aqueous formic acid, aqueous oxalic acid, aqueous phosphoric acid (H3PO4) , aqueous methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) , aqueous camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) , aqueous pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) , or aqueous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) .
[0234] In some embodiments of the disclosed processes, compound 18a, or a salt thereof, is converted to compound 18b by treatment with protecting group reagents in a solvent:
[0235] In some embodiments of the conversion of compound 18a to compound 18b, the proecting group reagents are TBSCl and imidazole, and the solvent is dichloromethane, resulting in product 18b-1.Compound 20
[0236] In some aspects, compound 20a or 20b are prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a and 21b and 4-methylthiazole in the presence of catalyst, base, and solvent: wherein PG4 is an amine protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.
[0237] In some embodiments, compound 20a is prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a and 4-methylthiazole in the presence of catalyst, base, and solvent, wherein PG4 is an amine protecting group.
[0238] In some embodiments, compound 20b is prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21b and 4-methylthiazole in the presence of catalyst, base, and solvent, wherein PG4 is an amine protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.
[0239] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a or 21b and 4-methylthiazole, the catalysts used in the reaction comprises tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (PPh3) 4) , bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) dichloride (Pd (PPh3) 2Cl2) , palladium (II) acetate (Pd (OAc) 2) , palladium on carbon (Pd / C) , [1, 1'-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dppf) Cl2) , bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (0) (Pd (dba) 2) , tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) (Pd2 (dba) 3) , allylpalladium chloride dimer ( [Pd (allyl) Cl] 2) , palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) , [1, 3-bis(2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene] (3-chloropyridyl) palladium (II) dichloride (PEPPSI-IPr) , bis (tri-tert-butylphosphine) palladium (0) (Pd (P (t-Bu) 3) 2) , [1, 1'-bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II) (Pd (dtbpf) Cl2) , or dichloro (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium (II) (PdCl2 (COD) ) . In some embodiments, the catalyst is Pd (OAc) 2.
[0240] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a or 21b and 4-methylthiazole, the base comprises an amine, alkali metal bicarbonate, and alkaline earth metal bicarbonate, an alkali metal carbonate, and alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
[0241] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a or 21b and 4-methylthiazole, the base comprises triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , pyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 4, 6-collidine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH) , magnesium oxide (MgO) , calcium oxide (CaO) , barium oxide (BaO) , sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, or potassium phosphate.
[0242] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a or 21b and 4-methylthiazole, the solvent comprises toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile (MeCN) , water, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, acetone, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
[0243] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a and 4-methylthiazole, the catalyst is Pd (OAc) 2, the base is potassium carbonate, and the solvent is DMF.
[0244] In some embodiments of the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21b and 4-methylthiazole, the catalyst is Pd (OAc) 2, the base is potassium carbonate, and the solvent is DMF.
[0245] In some embodiments, the disclosure providesthe palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a-1 or 21b-1 and 4-methylthiazole. In some embodiments the disclosure provides the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a-1 and 4-methylthiazole. In some embodiments the disclosure provides the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21b-1 and 4-methylthiazole.
[0246] In some embodiments the disclosure provides the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21b and 4-methylthiazole, wherein PG3 is TBS.
[0247] In some embodiments the disclosure provides the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21b-1-1 and 4-methylthiazole, PG3 is TBS and PG4 is Boc.
[0248] In other aspects of the disclosure, compound 20a or 20b is prepared by amide coupling of compound 95, or a salt thereof, and compound 23a or 23b, respectively, in the presence of coupling reagents and a solvent: wherein PG4 is a protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.
[0249] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 23a or 23b, the coupling reagents comprise HATU (1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-b] pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate) , HBTU (N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-O- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) uronium hexafluorophosphate) , PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , COMU (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy) dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate) , T3P (propylphosphonic anhydride) , DMTMM (4- (4, 6-dimethoxy-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride) , BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxy) tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , TBTU (O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate) , HOBt (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) , HOAt (1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole) , DEPBT (3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy) -1, 2, 3-benzotriazin-4 (3H) -one) , EEDQ (N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) . In some embodiments, the coupling reagent is HBTU.
[0250] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 23a or 23b, the coupling reagents further comprise a base, such as, for example, triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) , diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , or 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) . In some embodiments, the base is diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) .
[0251] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 23a or 23b, the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dichloromethane (DCM) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , 1, 4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , propylene carbonate, toluene, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , or diethyl ether. In some embodiments, the solvent is DCM.
[0252] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 20a or 20b, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 23a or 23b in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in DCM solvent.
[0253] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 20a, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 23a in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in DCM solvent.
[0254] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 20a, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 95 HCl and compound 23a in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in DCM solvent.
[0255] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 20b, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 20b in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in DCM solvent.
[0256] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 23a or 23b, PG3 is TBS and PG4 is Boc, and compound 20a is compound 20a-1:
[0257] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 20a-1, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 95 and compound 23a-1 in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in DCM solvent.
[0258] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 20a-1, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 95·HCl and compound 23a-1 in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in DCM solvent.Compound 95
[0259] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 95 is prepared from compound 22 by a sequence comprising palladium catalyzed cross-coupling using 4-methylthiazole:
[0260] In some embodiments, the amino protection comprises reaction of the amino group of compound 22 with Boc anhydride and sodium bicarbonate in ethyl acetate and water.
[0261] In other embodiments, the amino protection comprises reaction of the amino group of compound 22 with Boc anhydride in methanol.
[0262] In some embodiments, the catalyst for the palladium catalyzed cross coupling is Pd (OAc) 2. In some embodiments, the solvent for the palladium catalyzed cross coupling is DMF. In some embodiments, the base for the palladium catalyzed cross coupling is potassium carbonate. In other embodiments, the base for the palladium catalyzed cross coupling is potassium acetate.
[0263] In some embodiments, the amino deprotection comprises reaction with HCl in dioxane and methanol.
[0264] In other embodiments, the amino deprotection comprises reaction with HCl in isopropanol and methanol.
[0265] In some embodiments, compound 95 is isolated as a hydrochloride salt, 95 HCl, and used
[0266] In some embodiments, the neutralization comprises reaction with NaOH in water and DCM.Compound 21
[0267] In some aspects, the disclosure is directed to processes for preparing compound 21a or 21b, comprising amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23a or 23b in the presence of coupling reagents and a solvent: wherein PG4 is a protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.
[0268] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23a or 23b, the coupling reagents comprise HATU (1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-b] pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate) , HBTU (N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-O- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) uronium hexafluorophosphate) , PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , COMU (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy) dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate) , T3P (propylphosphonic anhydride) , DMTMM (4- (4, 6-dimethoxy-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride) , BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxy) tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , TBTU (O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate) , HOBt (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) , HOAt (1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole) , DEPBT (3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy) -1, 2, 3-benzotriazin-4 (3H) -one) , EEDQ (N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) . In some embodiments, the coupling reagent is HATU.
[0269] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23a or 23b, the coupling reagents further comprise a base, such as, for example, triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) , diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , or 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) . In some embodiments, the base is diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) .
[0270] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23a or 23b, the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dichloromethane (DCM) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , 1, 4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , propylene carbonate, toluene, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , or diethyl ether.
[0271] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 21a or 21b, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23a or 23b in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent.
[0272] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 21a, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23a in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent.
[0273] In some embodiments of processes for preparing compound 21b, the processes comprise amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23b in the presence of HBTU and DIPEA in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent.
[0274] In some embodiments of the amide coupling of compound 22 and compound 23a or 23b, PG3 is TBS and PG4 is Boc.Compound19-Process A
[0275] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is prepared by a process that comprises hydrolysis of the corresponding alkyl ester 24 in aqueous base: wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0276] In some embodiments, R2 in compound 24 is CH3.
[0277] In some embodiments, each R1 in compound 24 is CH3.
[0278] In some embodiments, each R1 and R2 in compound 24 is CH3.
[0279] In some embodiments, the base used for the ester hydrolysis is potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) , or lithium hydroxide (LiOH) .
[0280] In some embodiments, the solvent used for the ester hydrolysis comprises water. In some embodiments, the solvent my further comprise a cosolvent, such as, for example, an alcohol such as MeOH, ethanol, or isopropanol; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, sulfolane, propylene carbonate, or ethylene carbonate.Compound 24
[0281] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 24 is prepared by subjecting compound 25 to acetal-forming conditions: wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0282] In some embodiments, R2 in compound 24 and compound 25 is CH3.
[0283] In some embodiments, each R1 in compound 24 is CH3.
[0284] In some embodiments, each R1 and R2 in compound 24 is CH3.
[0285] In some embodiments, the acetal-forming conditions comprise reaction of compound 25 with an alkyl alcohol in the presence of an acid and dehydrating conditions.
[0286] In some embodiments, the alkyl alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, or the like.
[0287] In some embodiments, that acid comprises trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) , hydrochloric acid (HCl) , sulfuric acid (H2SO4) , phosphoric acid (H3PO4) , p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) , methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) , trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) , camphorsulfonic acid, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) , or an acidic resin (e.g., Amberlyst-15) .
[0288] In some embodiments, the dehydrating conditions comprise trialkyl orthoformate (e.g., trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate) , molecular sieves, sodium sulfate, azeotropic removal of water, and the like.
[0289] In some embodiments, compound 24 is prepared by subjecting compound 25 acetal-forming conditions, wherein the actetal-forming conditions comprise reaction of compound 25 with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of toluene sulfonic acid in methanol.Compound 25
[0290] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 25 is prepared by subjecting compound 26 to oxidation conditions: wherein R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0291] In some embodiments, R2 is CH3.
[0292] Reagents and conditions for oxidizing primary alcohols to aldehydes are known to those skilled in the art. Suitable oxidizing agents include, for example, Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) ; 2-iodoxybenzoic acid; Swern oxidation reagents (DMSO, oxalyl chloride, triethylamine) ; pyridinium chlorochromate; CrO3 in aqueous H2SO4; pyridinium dichromate; tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) ; activated manganese dioxide (MnO2) ; aluminum isopropoxide and acetone; N-chlorosuccinimide and dimethyl sulfide; SO3·pyridine complex, DMSO, and triethylamine; or 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl with sodium hypochlorite.
[0293] Suitable solvents and conditions for conducting these oxidations are known to those skilled in the art and depend, in part, on the oxidizing agent being used. Some suitable solvents include dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile (MeCN) , tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, toluene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , ethyl acetate, and 1,4-dioxane.
[0294] In some embodiments compound 25 is prepared by subjecting compound 26 to oxidation conditions wherein the oxidation conditions comprise Dess-Martin periodane and pyridine in dichloromethane solvent.
[0295] In some embodiments compound 25, wherein R2 is CH3, is prepared by subjecting compound 26, wherein R2 is CH3, to oxidation conditions wherein the oxidation conditions comprise Dess-Martin periodane and pyridine in dichloromethane solvent.Compound 26
[0296] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 26 is prepared by subjecting acid 27 to esterification conditions: wherein R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0297] In some embodiments, R2 is CH3.
[0298] Reagents and conditions for esterification of carboxylic acids are known to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the esterification comprises mixing the carboxylic acid and the alcohol with catalytic acid (e.g., HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, p-TsOH, MsOH, Amberlyst-15, etc. ) and a dehydrating agent (molecular sieve, azeotropic distillation, etc. ) . In other embodiments, the carboxylic acid is converted into an acid chloride (using, e.g., SOCl2, (COCl) 2, etc. ) in situ and then the acid chloride is reacted with the alcohol. In yet other embodiments, the esterification is mediated by a coupling agent such as, for example, HATU, HBTU, benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) , N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) with DMAP, or 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) with DMAP.
[0299] In some embodiments, compound 26 is prepared by subjecting acid 27 to esterification conditions that comprise C1-C4 alkyl alcohol and thionyl chloride.
[0300] In some embodiments, compound 26 is prepared by subjecting acid 27 to esterification conditions that comprise methanol and thionyl chloride.Compound 27
[0301] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 27 is prepared by deprotecting compound 28 under acidic conditions: wherein PG5 is an acid labile hydroxy protecting group, and M+ is an alkali metal ion.
[0302] In some embodiments, PG5 is tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , methoxymethyl (MOM) , ethoxyethyl (EE) , methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , t-butyl, trityl (triphenylmethyl) , trimethylsilyl (TMS) , t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , or triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) .
[0303] In some embodiments, PG5 is trityl.
[0304] In some embodiments, M+ is sodium ion.
[0305] In some embodiments, PG5 is trityl and M+ is sodium ion.
[0306] In some embodiments, the acid is trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) , hydrochloric acid (HCl) , sulfuric acid (H2SO4) , phosphoric acid (H3PO4) , p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) , methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) , trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) , boron trifluoride etherate (BF3·Et2O) , trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) , zinc bromide (ZnBr2) , iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) , hydrogen bromide (HBr) , acetic acid (AcOH) , citric acid, oxalic acid. In some embodiments, the acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl) .
[0307] In some embodiments, the solvent is dichloromethane (DCM) , chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , water, hexane, toluene, 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) , 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) , acetic acid, formic acid. In some embodiments, the solvent is THF.
[0308] In some embodiments, the acid is aqueous HCl and the solvent is THF.
[0309] In some embodiments of the deprotecting compound 28 under acidic conditions, the acid is aqueous HCl, the solvent is THF, PG5 is trityl, and M+ is sodium ion.Compound 19a-1-Qn
[0310] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 19-1 is converted to a quinine salt (compound 19-1-Qn) which is then recrystallized to give 19a-1-Qn:
[0311] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 19-1 is converted to a quinidine salt (compound 19-1-Qd) which is then recrystallized to give 19a-1-Qd: Compound 28
[0312] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 28 is prepared by alkylation of ester 29 in the presence of a base, as solvent, and an isopropyl alkylating agent, followed by saponification: wherein PG5 is an acid labile hydroxy protecting group, R3 is C1-C4 alkyl, and M+ is an alkali metal ion.
[0313] In some embodiments, PG5 is tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , methoxymethyl (MOM) , ethoxyethyl (EE) , methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , t-butyl, trityl (triphenylmethyl) , trimethylsilyl (TMS) , t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , or triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) .
[0314] In some embodiments, PG5 is trityl.
[0315] In some embodiments, M+ is sodium ion.
[0316] In some embodiments, PG5 is trityl and M+ is sodium ion.
[0317] In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C4 alkyl, such as, for example, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C1 alkyl, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl.
[0318] In some embodiments, the base is lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) , lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) , sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) , potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) , or potassium tert-butoxide (KOt-Bu) . In some embodiments, the base is KOt-Bu.
[0319] In some embodiments, the solvent is THF, DMSO, DMF, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane (DME) , diethyl ether, tert-butanol, hexane, toluene, 1, 4-dioxane, cyclohexane, pentane, or heptane. In some embodiments, the solvent is THF.
[0320] In some embodiments, the isopropyl alkylating agent is isopropyl bromide, isopropyl iodide, isopropyl tosylate, isopropyl mesylate, isopropyl chloride, or diisopropyl sulfate. In some embodiments, the isopropyl alkylating agent is isopropyl iodide.
[0321] In some embodiments, the MOH for the saponification is NaOH or KOH.
[0322] In some embodiments, the isopropyl alkylating agent is 2-iodopropane, and the solvent is THF.Compound 29
[0323] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 29 is prepared by Mitsunobu reaction between compound 30 and compound 31: wherein PG5 is an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, and R3 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0324] In some embodiments, PG5 is tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , methoxymethyl (MOM) , ethoxyethyl (EE) , methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , t-butyl, trityl (triphenylmethyl) , trimethylsilyl (TMS) , t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , or triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) .
[0325] In some embodiments, PG5 is trityl.
[0326] In some embodiments, R3 is C1-C4 alkyl, such as, for example, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C1 alkyl, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl.
[0327] In some embodiments, PG5 is trityl and R3 is methyl.
[0328] In some embodiments, the Mitsunobu reagents comprise: (1) one of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) , diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) , di- tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipiperidine (ADDP) , N, N, N', N'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide (TMAD) , di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate (DMEAD) , 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 1, 1'-azobis (N, N-dimethylformamide) (ABDF) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipyrrolidine, bis (2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate (BTCEAD) , or 4, 7-dimethyl-3, 5, 7-hexahydro-1, 2, 4, 7-tetrazocin-3, 8-dione (DHTD) ; and (2) one of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tributylphosphine (PBu3) , trimethylphosphine (PMe3) , tri-n-butylphosphine (P (n-Bu) 3) , triethylphosphine (PEt3) , or tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) .
[0329] In some embodiments of the Mitsunobu reaction between compound 30 and compound 31, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, dichloromethane (DCM) , toluene, benzene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethyl acetate, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, hexane, cyclohexane, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , diisopropyl ether, tert-butanol, isopropanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diglyme, or tetraglyme.
[0330] In some embodiments, the solvent is THF.
[0331] In some embodiments the Mitsunobu conditions comprise triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate in THF solvent.Compound 19-Process B
[0332] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is prepared by a process that comprises coupling compound 32 and compound 33 under Mitsunobu conditions, followed by saponification of the resulting ester, wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0333] In some embodiments, R1 is CH3.
[0334] In some embodiments, R2 is CH3.
[0335] In some embodiments, R1 is CH3 and R2 is CH3.
[0336] In some embodiments, the Mitsunobu reagents comprise: (1) one of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) , diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) , di- tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipiperidine (ADDP) , N, N, N', N'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide (TMAD) , di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate (DMEAD) , 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 1, 1'-azobis (N, N-dimethylformamide) (ABDF) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipyrrolidine, bis (2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate (BTCEAD) , or 4, 7-dimethyl-3, 5, 7-hexahydro-1, 2, 4, 7-tetrazocin-3, 8-dione (DHTD) ; and (2) one of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tributylphosphine (PBu3) , trimethylphosphine (PMe3) , tri-n-butylphosphine (P (n-Bu) 3) , triethylphosphine (PEt3) , or tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) .
[0337] In some embodiments of the Mitsunobu reaction between compound 32 and compound 33, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, dichloromethane (DCM) , toluene, benzene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethyl acetate, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, hexane, cyclohexane, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , diisopropyl ether, tert-butanol, isopropanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diglyme, or tetraglyme.
[0338] In some embodiments of the Mitsunobu reaction between compound 32 and compound 33, the Mitsunobu conditions comprise triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate in THF solvent.
[0339] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise NaOH or KOH.
[0340] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise a solvent such as water, alcohol, THF, and the like.
[0341] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise aqueous potassium hydroxide.Compound 32
[0342] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 32 is prepared by alkylating compound 34 with an isopropyl alkylating agent, followed by removing protecting group PG6: wherein PG6 is an acid labile protecting group, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0343] In some embodiments, PG6 is is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG6 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0344] In some embodiments, R2 is C1-C4 alkyl, such as, for example, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C1 alkyl, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like. In some embodiments, R2 is methyl.
[0345] In some embodiments, the base is lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) , lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) , sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) , potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) , or potassium tert-butoxide (KOt-Bu) . In some embodiments, the base is KOt-Bu.
[0346] In some embodiments, the solvent used in the alkylation reaction is THF, DMSO, DMF, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane (DME) , diethyl ether, tert-butanol, hexane, toluene, 1, 4-dioxane, cyclohexane, pentane, or heptane. In some embodiments, the solvent is DMF.
[0347] In some embodiments, the isopropyl alkylating agent is isopropyl bromide, isopropyl iodide, isopropyl tosylate, isopropyl mesylate, isopropyl chloride, or diisopropyl sulfate. In some embodiments, the isopropyl alkylating agent is isopropyl iodide.
[0348] In some embodiments the base is potassium t-butoxide, the isopropyl alkylating agent is 2-iodopropane, and the solvent is DMF.
[0349] In some embodiments, the aqueous acid used to remove PG6 in the process is aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) , aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) , aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) , aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) , aqueous acetic acid (AcOH) , aqueous formic acid, aqueous oxalic acid, aqueous phosphoric acid (H3PO4) , aqueous methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) , aqueous camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) , aqueous pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) , or aqueous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) .
[0350] In some embodiments, the solvent used in the reaction to remove PG6 is water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 4-dioxane, dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , propylene carbonate, or sulfolane. In some embodiments, the solvent is THF.
[0351] In some embodiments, the aqueous acid is hydrochloric acid and the solvent THF.Compound 34
[0352] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 34 is prepared by protecting the hydroxyl group of compound 35 with a protecting group reagent (PG6) in the presence of a base and a solvent: wherein PG6 is an acid labile protecting group, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0353] In some embodiments, PG6 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , or methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG3 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0354] In some embodiments, the base is imidazole, 2, 6-lutidine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, potassium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.
[0355] In some embodiments, the solvent is dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, n-hexane, toluene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, or dioxane.
[0356] In some embodiments, the PG6 reagent is t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBSCl) , the base is imidazole, and the solvent is DMF.Compound 19-Process C
[0357] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is prepared by a process that comprises alkylating compound 90 with an isopropyl alkylating agent:
[0358] In some embodiments, the base is lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) , lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) , sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) , potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) , or potassium tert-butoxide (KOt-Bu) . In some embodiments, the base is KOt-Bu.
[0359] In some embodiments, the solvent used in the alkylation reaction is THF, DMSO, DMF, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane (DME) , diethyl ether, tert-butanol, hexane, toluene, 1, 4-dioxane, cyclohexane, pentane, or heptane. In some embodiments, the solvent is DMF.
[0360] In some embodiments, the isopropyl alkylating agent is isopropyl bromide, isopropyl iodide, isopropyl tosylate, isopropyl mesylate, isopropyl chloride, or diisopropyl sulfate. In some embodiments, the isopropyl alkylating agent is isopropyl iodide.
[0361] In some embodiments the base is potassium t-butoxide, the isopropyl alkylating agent is 2-iodopropane, and the solvent is DMF.
[0362] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 90 is prepared by saponification of compound 91: wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0363] In some embodiments, each R1 is CH3.
[0364] In some embodiments, R2 is CH3.
[0365] In some embodiments, each R1 is CH3 and R2 is CH3, and compound 91 is compound 91-1 and compound 90 is compound 90-1.
[0366] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise LiOH, NaOH, or KOH.
[0367] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise a solvent such as water, alcohol, THF, and the like.
[0368] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise aqueous LiOH.
[0369] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 91 is prepared by coupling compound 35 and compound 33 under Mitsunobu conditions: wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.
[0370] In some embodiments, R1 is CH3.
[0371] In some embodiments, R2 is CH3, and compound 35 is compound 35-1.
[0372] In some embodiments, R1 is CH3 and R2 is CH3, and compound 33 is compound 33-1 and compound 91 is compound 91-1.
[0373] In some embodiments, the Mitsunobu reagents comprise: (1) one of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) , diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) , di- tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipiperidine (ADDP) , N, N, N', N'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide (TMAD) , di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate (DMEAD) , 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 1, 1'-azobis (N, N-dimethylformamide) (ABDF) , 1, 1'- (azodicarbonyl) dipyrrolidine, bis (2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate (BTCEAD) , or 4, 7-dimethyl-3, 5, 7-hexahydro-1, 2, 4, 7-tetrazocin-3, 8-dione (DHTD) ; and (2) one of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) , tributylphosphine (PBu3) , trimethylphosphine (PMe3) , tri-n-butylphosphine (P (n-Bu) 3) , triethylphosphine (PEt3) , or tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) .
[0374] In some embodiments of the Mitsunobu reaction between compound 35 and compound 33, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , diethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, dichloromethane (DCM) , toluene, benzene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethyl acetate, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, hexane, cyclohexane, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , diisopropyl ether, tert-butanol, isopropanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diglyme, or tetraglyme.
[0375] In some embodiments of the Mitsunobu reaction between compound 35 and compound 33, the Mitsunobu conditions comprise triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate in THF solvent.
[0376] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise NaOH or KOH.
[0377] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise a solvent such as water, alcohol, THF, and the like.
[0378] In some embodiments, the saponification conditions comprise aqueous potassium hydroxide.Compound 2b-Alternative Process
[0379] In some aspects, the disclosure provides an alternative process for preparing compound 2b, wherein the process comprises oxidizing compound 36 with an oxidizing agent in a solvent: wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group.
[0380] In some embodiments, PG3 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , or methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG3 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0381] In some embodiments, reagents and conditions for oxidizing primary alcohols to aldehydes are known to those skilled in the art. Suitable oxidizing agents include, and include, for example, Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) ; 2-iodoxybenzoic acid; Swern oxidation reagents (DMSO, oxalyl chloride, triethylamine) ; Pyridinium chlorochromate; CrO3 in aqueous H2SO4; pyridinium dichromate; tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) ; activated manganese dioxide (MnO2) ; aluminum isopropoxide and acetone; N-chlorosuccinimide and dimethyl sulfide; SO3·pyridine complex, DMSO, and triethylamine; or 2,2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl with sodium hypochlorite.
[0382] Suitable solvents and conditions for conducting these oxidations are known to those skilled in the art and depend, in part, on the oxidizing agent being used. Some suitable solvents include dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile (MeCN) , tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, toluene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , ethyl acetate, and 1, 4-dioxane.
[0383] In some embodiments, the oxidizing agent is 2-iodoxybenzoic acid and the solvent is acetonitrile.Compound 36
[0384] In some aspects of the disclosure, compound 36 is prepared by reacting compound 37 with base in an alcohol solvent: wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group.
[0385] In some embodiments, PG3 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , or methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG3 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0386] In some embodiments, the base is diethylamine, triethylamine (Et3N) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , potassium carbonate (K2CO3) , sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) , cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) , sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) , or lithium hydroxide (LiOH) .
[0387] In some embodiments, the alcohol solvent comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like.
[0388] In some embodiments, the base is diethylamine and the alcohol solvent is methanol.
[0389] In other aspects of the disclosure, compound 36 is prepared by coupling of compound 27 with compound 18b in the presence of coupling reagents, solvent, and base, wherein PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group.
[0390] In some embodiments of the reaction, PG3 is TBS.
[0391] In some aspects of the processes for preparing compound 36, the coupling reagent is HATU (1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-b] pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate) , HBTU (N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-O- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) uronium hexafluorophosphate) , PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , COMU (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy) dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate) , T3P (propylphosphonic anhydride) , T4P (tributylphosphonic anhydride) , DMTMM (4- (4, 6-dimethoxy-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride) , BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxy) tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , TBTU (O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate) , HOBt (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) , HOAt (1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole) , DEPBT (3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy) -1, 2, 3-benzotriazin-4 (3H) -one) , EEDQ (N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) . In some embodiments, the coupling reagent is HATU.
[0392] In some embodiments, the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dichloromethane (DCM) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , 1, 4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , propylene carbonate, toluene, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , or diethyl ether.
[0393] In some embodiments, the base used in the coupling reaction is triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) , diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , or 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) .
[0394] In some embodiments of the coupling reaction, the coupling reagent is HATU, the solvent is dichloromethane, and the base is triethylamine.
[0395] In some embodiments wherein PG3 is TBS, compound 27 is coupled to compound 18b-1 to give compound 36-1:
[0396] In some embodiments, the coupling of compound 27 with compound 18b-1 produces an 85: 15 ratio of compound 36-1 to compound 36b-1.Compound 37
[0397] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 37 is prepared by protecting compound 38 in the presence of base and solvent: wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group.
[0398] Reagents for installing hydroxy protecting groups are known to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, PG3 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , or methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG3 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0399] In some embodiments, the base is imidazole, 2, 6-lutidine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, potassium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.
[0400] In some embodiments, the solvent is dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, n-hexane, toluene, acetonitrile (MeCN) , N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, or dioxane.
[0401] In some embodiments, the PG3 reagent is TBSCl, the base is imidazole, and the solvent is dichloromethane. In some embodiments, PG3 is TBS.Compound 38
[0402] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 38 is prepared by fractional crystallization of compound 39 from a solvent:
[0403] In some embodiments, the solvent comprises isopropyl alcohol.Compound 39
[0404] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 39 is prepared by deprotection of compound 40: wherein PG7 is an acid-or fluoride ion-labile hydroxyl protecting group.
[0405] In some embodiments, PG7 is TBS, the PG7 removal agent is triethylamine trihydrofluoride, and the solvent is THF.Compound 40
[0406] In some aspects of the disclosed processes, compound 40 is prepared by esterification of compound 41 by reaction with p-nitrobenzoylation reagents in the presence of base and solvent: wherein PG7 is an acid-or fluoride ion-labile hydroxyl protecting group.
[0407] In some embodiments, the p-nitrobenzoylation reagent is p-nitrobenzoyl chloride, the base is triethyl amine, and the solvent is dichloromethane.
[0408] In some embodiments, PG7 is TBS.
[0409] In other aspects of the disclosure, compound 40 is prepared by coupling compound 18c with compound 92: wherein PG7 is an acid-or fluoride ion-labile hydroxyl protecting group protecting group.
[0410] In some embodiments, PG7 is triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triphenylsilyl (TPS) , di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) , thexyldimethylsilyl (TDS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , trimethylsilyl (TMS) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , methyldiphenylsilyl (MDPS) , triisobutylsilyl (TIBS) , tri-sec-butylsilyl (TSBS) , or methyldiisopropylsilyl (MDIPS) . In some embodiments, PG7 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .
[0411] In some aspects of the processes for preparing compound 40, the coupling reagent is HATU (1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-b] pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate) , HBTU (N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-O- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) uronium hexafluorophosphate) , PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , COMU (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy) dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate) , T3P (propylphosphonic anhydride) , T4P (tributylphosphonic anhydride) , DMTMM (4- (4, 6-dimethoxy-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride) , BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxy) tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) , TBTU (O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate) , HOBt (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) , HOAt (1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole) , DEPBT (3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy) -1, 2, 3-benzotriazin-4 (3H) -one) , EEDQ (N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) . In some embodiments, the coupling reagent is HATU.
[0412] In some embodiments, the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , dichloromethane (DCM) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , acetonitrile (MeCN) , dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , 1, 4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , propylene carbonate, toluene, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) , or diethyl ether.
[0413] In some embodiments, the base used in the coupling reaction is triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) , diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) , N-methylmorpholine (NMM) , pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) , 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) , or 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) .
[0414] In some embodiments of the coupling reaction, the coupling reagent is HATU, the solvent is dichloromethane, and the base is triethylamine.
[0415] In some embodiments of the coupling reaction, compound 18c is used as a hydrochloride salt.
[0416] In some aspects, compound 92 is prepared by protection of the hydroxyl group of compound 26, followed removal of R2: wherein R2 is an acid labile protecting group.
[0417] In some embodiments, R2 is t-butyl.
[0418] In some embodiments, the p-nitrobenzoylation reagent is p-nitrobenzoyl chloride, the base is triethylamine, and the solvent is dichloromethane.
[0419] In some aspects, compound 26 is prepared by esterification of compound 27. In some embodiments, compound 26-2 is prepared by reaction of compound 27 with O-tert-butyl-N, N’-diisopropylisourea in DCM:
[0420] All features of each of the aspects of the invention apply to all other aspects mutatis mutandis.
[0421] In some aspects, the invention is directed to each of the synthetic intermediates and compounds disclosed herein.
[0422] In order that the invention described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting this invention in any manner. EXEMPLIFICATION
[0423] As depicted in the Examples below, in certain exemplary embodiments, compounds are prepared according to the following general procedures. It will be appreciated that, although the general methods depict the synthesis of certain compounds of the present invention, the following general methods, and other methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art, can be applied to all compounds and subclasses and species of each of these compounds, as described herein. Example 1 Synthesis of Compound 2a
[0424] Compound 17a-1 (10.0 g, 16.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and H2O (50 mL) were charged to a reactor, followed by the addition of HCl aqueous solution (4 M, 30 mL, 120 mmol, 7.2 equiv) at 15–25 ℃. The reaction mixture was heated to 40–45 ℃ and stirred for no less than 12 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. DCM (100 mL) and MeOH (20 mL) were added into the reaction mixture. Saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution was added to adjust pH to 8–9. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was back extracted with DCM (100 mL) . The organic layers were combined and washed with H2O (80 mL × 2) . The organic phases were concentrated under vacuum to afford compound 2a as an off-white solid (9.06 g, 98.2%yield, and 97.2%HPLC purity) . HRMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + Calcd for C28H35N4O6S 555.2272; Found 555.2256. Synthesis of Compound 1a trihydrochloride
[0425] Compound 2a (2.00 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , Compound 3·3HCl (1.66 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , AcOH (0.64 g, 10.7 mmol, 3.0 equiv) , and DCM (20 mL) were charged to a reactor and the temperature was cooled to -5–5 ℃. DIPEA (1.52 g, 7.16 mmol, 3.0 equiv) and STAB (1.39 g, 10.7 mmol, 2.0 equiv) were added at -5–5 ℃. The mixture was warmed to 15–25 ℃ and stirred for no less than 1 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. MeOH (8 mL) was added into the reaction and the mixture was stirred until a solution was obtained. The reaction solution was washed with H2O (16 mL) , saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (20 mL) , and H2O (16 mL) . The organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to a foam, which was transferred with THF (10 mL) to a reactor. A solution of citric acid monohydrate (0.76 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in acetone (20 mL) was added over 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2–3 h at 15–25 ℃ and the solid was filtered. The wet cake was dried under vacuum at 45 ℃to afford Compound 1a citrate as a light-brown solid (3.21 g, 82.3%isolated yield, and 98.0%HPLC purity) .
[0426] Compound 1a citrate and MeOH (4.8 mL) were charged to a reactor. The temperature was raised to 40–45 ℃. Hydrogen chloride in MeOH solution (4 M, 2.2 mL, 3.0 equiv) was charged at 40–45 ℃ and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. MeCN (32 mL) was added dropwise over 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40–45 ℃ for 1 h and cooled to 15–25 ℃ and stirred for additional 2–3 h. The solid was filtered and dried under vacuum at 50 ℃ to afford Compound 1a trihydrochloride as a light-brown solid (1.37 g, 46.4%yield, and 99.0%HPLC purity) .
[0427] HRMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + Calcd for C47H59N10O6S 891.4334; Found 891.4307. Example 2 -Synthesis of Compound 18b-1 Synthesis of tert-Butyl (2S, 4R) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4-bromophenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) -4-hydroxy- pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (21a-1)
[0428] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 23a-1 (58.0 g, 0.25 mol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (500 mL) was added DIPEA (96.9 g, 0.75 mol, 3.0 equiv) and HBTU (114.0 g, 0.30 mol, 1.2 equiv) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 h, and (S) -1- (4-bromophenyl) ethan-1-amine 22 (50.0 g, 0.25 mol, 1.0 equiv) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 h. The mixture was washed with brine (500 mL × 2) . The separated organic layer was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to give a crude product. The crude was purified by column chromatography (heptane / EtOAc: 1 / 0 to 5 / 1) to give tert-butyl (2S, 4R) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4-bromophenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) -4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 21a-1 as an off-white solid (75.0 g, 72.6%yield, and 100%HPLC purity) .
[0429] LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C18H25BrN2O4 [M+Na] +: 435.10; observed: 435.17. Synthesis of tert-Butyl (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (20a-1)
[0430] To a solution of tert-butyl (2S, 4R) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4-bromophenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) -4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 21a-1 (10.0 g, 24.2 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMAc (100 mL) was added 4-methylthiazole (4.8 g, 48.4 mmol, 2.0 equiv) and KOAc (4.8 g, 48.4 mmol, 2.0 equiv) . The resulting mixture was purged with nitrogen three times. Brettphos Pd G3 (220 mg, 0.24 mmol, 0.01 equiv) was added and the mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into water (300 mL) . The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (200 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL × 2) . The separated organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (heptane / EtOAc: 1 / 1, then DCM / EtOAc: 1 / 1) to give tert-butyl (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 20a-1 as a yellow solid (8.9 g, 83.6%yield, and 98.1%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2- carboxamide dihydrochloride (18a)
[0431] To a solution of tert-butyl (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 20a-1 (3.5 g, 8.11 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in MeOH (14 mL) was added HCl dioxane solution (4 M, 14 mL) dropwise at 0 ℃. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 30 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added MTBE (20 mL) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (8 mL) and dried under reduced pressure to give (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride 18a as a white solid (3.1 g, and 95.8%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-Butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (18b-1)
[0432] To a mixture of (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide dihydrochloride 18a (3.0 g, 8.15 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (24 mL) was added imidazole (2.2 g, 32.6 mmol, 4.0 equiv) and TBSCl (3.7 g, 24.5 mmol, 3.0 equiv) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with 10%Na2CO3 aqueous solution (100 mL) , water (50 mL × 3) , and brine (50 mL × 2) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc / heptane: 5 / 1, 0.1%NH4OH added) to give (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 as a yellow oil (2.8 g, 77.5%yield over two steps, and 92.1%HPLC purity) . Example 3 -Synthesis of Compound 19-1 Synthesis of Methyl 2- (3- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetate (34-1)
[0433] To a solution of methyl 2- (3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl) acetate 35-1 (40.0 g, 255 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (320 mL) was added imidazole (26.0 g, 357 mmol, 1.4 equiv) and TBSCl (53.7 g, 382 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at 10–20 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was added into the mixture of MTBE (200 mL) and brine (800 mL) . The organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with MTBE (100 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL × 2) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford brown oil (74.0 g, crude) . The crude product was purified by distillation to afford methyl 2- (3- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetate 34-1 as a colorless oil (65.0 g, 92.6%yield, and 98.3%HPLC purity) .
[0434] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ 5.83 (s, 1H) , 3.75 (s, 3H) , 3.70 (s, 2H) , 0.97 (s, 9H) , 0.29 (s, 6H) . Synthesis of Methyl 2- (3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate (32-1)
[0435] To a solution of methyl 2- (3- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetate 34-1 (65.0 g, 240 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and 2-iodopropane (53.0 g, 312 mmol, 1.3 equiv) in DMF (260 mL) was added a solution of t-BuOK (34.9 g, 312 mmol, 1.3 equiv) in DMF (260 mL) dropwise at 5–15 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 5–15 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was poured into a mixture of aqueous NH4Cl solution (2.5 L) and MTBE (500 mL) . The organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with MTBE (200 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL × 2) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in THF (65 mL) , and aqueous HCl (1 N, 33 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 30 min. H2O (65 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL × 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL × 2) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure. It was purified by flash column chromatography (n-hexane / EtOAc: 100 / 1 to 3 / 1) to afford methyl 2- (3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 32-1 as a white solid (39.0 g, 82.2%yield over two steps, and 98.9%PHLC purity) .
[0436] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.93 (s, 1H) , 3.72 (s, 3H) , 3.45 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.34 (tt, J = 13.5, 6.7 Hz, 1H) , 0.99 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) , 0.90 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) . Synthesis of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-Dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic Acid (19- 1)
[0437] To a mixture of methyl 2- (3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 32-1 (20.0 g, 101 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (100 mL) was added (R) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-ol 33-1 (14.5 g, 121 mmol, 1.2 eq) and PPh3 (39.5 g, 151 mmol, 1.5 equiv) . After cooling to -40 –-30 ℃, DIAD (30.5 g, 151 mmol, 1.5 equiv) was added dropwise. After addition, the mixture was warmed to -5 –5 ℃ slowly and stirred for 4 h. Then the mixture was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 14 h. H2O (100 mL) and KOH (8.0 g, 201 mmol, 2.0 equiv) were added to the reaction and the resulting mixture was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 3 h. MTBE (50 mL) and brine (25 mL) were added. After phase separation, the organic layer was washed with H2O (50 mL) . The combined aqueous layers were extracted with MTBE (100 mL × 3) . Citric acid (19.3 g, 101 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was added to the aqueous layer and stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 1 h. The mixture was extracted with MTBE (100 mL ×2) .The organic extracts were combined, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, passed through a pad of silica gel and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl)oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 as a light-brown oil (23.0 g, 79.9%yield, and 95.0%HPLC purity, ) .
[0438] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.45 (s, 1H) , 5.93 (d, J = 0.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.85 –4.76 (m, 1H) , 4.43 (dd, J = 4.8, 2.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.44 (dd, J = 5.3, 1.7 Hz, 6H) , 2.43 –2.32 (m, 1H) , 1.36 (dd, J = 6.3, 3.6 Hz, 3H) , 1.04 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) , 0.95 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) . Example 4 -Synthesis of Compound 4-1 Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1- carboxylate (53-1)
[0439] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate 16-1 (800 g, 3.70 mol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (4 L) was added DIPEA (574 g, 4.44 mol, 1.2 equiv) and 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine 52 (816 g, 4.44 mol, 1.2 equiv) . The reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 40 h. The reaction was cooled to 35 ℃ and water (4 L) was added slowly. The mixture was then cooled to 0 ℃ and stirred for 2–3 h. The solid was filtered, washed with water (20 L) and dried to obtain tert-butyl (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate 53-1 as an off-white solid (1008 g, 75.0%yield, and 92.8%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- (azidomethyl) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) piperazine-1- carboxylate (54-1)
[0440] To a solution of (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate 53-1 (500 g, 1.38 mol, 1.0 equiv) and PPh3 (506 g, 1.93 mol, 1.4 equiv) in THF (10 L) was added DIAD (279 g, 1.38 mol, 1.4 equiv) slowly at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 10 min and DPPA (531 g, 1.93 mol, 1.4 equiv) was then added slowly to the reaction. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and the reaction was quenched with saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (8 L) . The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (2.5 L × 2) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (5 L) , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual was purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether / EtOAc: 5 / 1 to 1 / 1) to afford tert-butyl (R) -3- (azidomethyl) -4-(3,6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) piperazine-1-carboxylate 54-1 which was used in the next step without further purification. Synthesis of tert-Butyl (S) -2-chloro-5, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2,3-c] pyridazine-8-carboxylate (55-1)
[0441] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- (azidomethyl) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) piperazine-1-carboxylate 54-1 (536 g, 1.38 mol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (9 L) was added PPh3 (398 g, 1.52 mol, 1.1 equiv) , and the mixture was heated to 60 ℃ and stirred for 3 h. Water (1.3 L) and DIPEA (535 g, 4.14 mol, 3.0 equiv) were then charged to the reaction and continued to stir at 60 ℃ overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc (2.5 L) and water (2.5 L) . The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (2.5 L × 2) . The combined organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure and toluene (2.5 L) was added. The toluene solution was washed with 1 M HCl aqueous solution (2.5 L, 1.2 L, and 1.2 L) . The aqueous layers were combined, basified to pH 9–10 with Na2CO3 (550 g) , and extracted with EtOAc (2.5 L × 2) . The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude intermediate 55-1 which was used in the next step without further purification. Synthesis of Di-tert-butyl (R) -2-chloro-6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2,3-c] pyridazine-5, 8 (6H) -dicarboxylate (56-1)
[0442] To a solution of crude tert-butyl (S) -2-chloro-5, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazine-8-carboxylate 55-1 (270 g, 0.83 mol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (1.8 L) were added Et3N (117 g, 1.16 mol, 1.4 equiv) , DMAP (10 g , 0.08 mol, 0.1 equiv) and (Boc) 2O (253 g, 1.16 mol, 1.4 equiv) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 h.Saturated NH4Cl aqueous solution (1.3 L) was added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with DCM (300 mL) . The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue was added heptane (2 L) . The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ and filtered. The filter cake was dried to obtain di-tert-butyl (R) -2-chloro-6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazine-5, 8 (6H) -dicarboxylate 56-1 as a white solid (353 g, 60.1%yield over three steps, and 99.2%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of Di-tert-butyl (R) -2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazine-5, 8 (6H) -dicarboxylate (58-1)
[0443] To a solution of di-tert-butyl (R) -2-chloro-6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazine-5, 8 (6H) -dicarboxylate 56-1 (870 g, 2.04 mol, 1.0 equiv) in dioxane (7.8 L) and water (0.9 L) was added (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid 57 (423 g, 3.07 mol, 1.5 equiv) and K3PO4 (350 g, 6.12 mol, 3.0 equiv) . The mixture was degassed with nitrogen for 30 min, and Xphos (39 g, 81.8 mmol, 0.04 equiv) and Pd (OAc) 2 (9 g, 40.9 mmol, 0.02 equiv) were then added to the reaction. The mixture was heated to 85 –90 ℃ and stirred for 2 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. Water (2.6 L) and DCM (4.4 L) were added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with DCM (2 L) . The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was used in the next step without further purification. Synthesis of (R) -2- (6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-Hexahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazin-2- yl)phenol Dihydrochloride (6·2HCl)
[0444] To the crude di-tert-butyl (R) -2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazine-5, 8 (6H) -dicarboxylate 58-1 (ca. 2 mol) was added HCl IPAc solution (4 M, 8 L) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The suspension was filtered. The solids were slurried with IPAc (4 L) and dried under reduced pressure to obtain (R) -2- (6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c]pyridazin-2-yl) phenol dihydrochloride 6·2HCl as a white solid (712 g, and 99.0%HPLC purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C15H18N5O [M+H] +: 284.14; observed: 284.16. Synthesis of tert-Butyl 3- ( (S) -2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -5, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazin-8-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (4-1)
[0445] To a suspension of (R) -2- (6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-5H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazin-2-yl) phenol dihydrochloride 6·2HCl (1230 g, 4.34 mol, 1.0 equiv) in MeOH (15 L) was added NaOAc solution (819 g, 9.98 mol, 2.3 equiv in 2.5 L of water) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then tert-butyl 3-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1528 g, 8.25 mol, 1.9 equiv) was charged to the reaction, followed by AcOH (547 g, 9.11 mol, 2.1 equiv) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 0–5 ℃ for 10 min, followed by adding NaCNBH3 (409 g, 6.5 mol, 1.5 equiv) in portions. After stirring for another 15 min, saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (12 L) and DCM (12 L) were added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with DCM (6 L) . The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was dissolved back in MTBE (2.5 L) . Heptane (12 L) was then added dropwise, and the slurry was stirred for 2 h. The slurry was filtered, and the cake was dried to obtain Compound 4-1 as a light-brown solid (1728 g, 87.9%yield, and 98.0%HPLC.Example 5 Synthesis of Compound 2b-1
[0446] 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX, 5.51 kg, 19.7 mol, 3.0 equiv) and acetonitrile (MeCN, 21.8 L) were charged to a reactor and the temperature was raised to 60–70 ℃. A solution of 36-1 (4.38 kg, 6.6 mol, 1.0 equiv) in MeCN (26.4 L) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50–75 ℃for no less than 1 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The reaction was cooled to 20–30 ℃ and filtered. The cake was washed with MeCN (12.4 L) . The combined solution of filtrate and rinsing was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue was charged with ethyl acetate (EtOAc, 44.0 L) , and the mixture was washed with 5%aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (44.0 kg × 3) and then 20%aqueous sodium chloride solution (44.0 kg × 2) . The organic phase was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure. n-Heptane (22.0 L) was charged to the residue and the mixture was stirred for 1–2 h. The solid was filtered, and the wet cake was washed with n-heptane (8.6 L) . The solid was dried at 40–50 ℃ under reduced pressure to afford 2b-1 as a light-yellow solid (4.08 kg, 93.4%yield, and 96.5%HPLC purity) . It was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + calcd for C34H49N4O6SSi 669.3; Found 669.4. Synthesis of Compound 3·3HCl
[0447] Compound 4-1 (3.10 kg, 6.9 mol, 1.0 equiv) and methanol (MeOH, 37.2 L) were charged to a reactor and the temperature was adjusted to 20–30 ℃. Hydrogen chloride in MeOH solution (4 M, 34.5 L, 20 equiv) was charged to the reactor, and the mixture was stirred at 28–35 ℃ for no less than 3 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The reaction mixture was cooled down to 20–25 ℃. The solid was filtered, washed with MeOH (17.9 L) , and dried at 15–35 ℃ and then 40–50 ℃ under reduced pressure to give Compound 3·3HCl as an off-white solid (3.10 kg, 98.1%yield, and 98.8%HPLC purity) . It was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + calcd for C19H25N6O 353.2; Found 353.1. Synthesis of Compound 1b-1 Citrate
[0448] Compound 2b-1 (4.02 kg, 6.0 mol, 1.0 equiv) , Compound 3·3HCl (3.06 kg, 6.6 mol, 1.1 equiv) , N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 40.0 L) , purified water (0.46 L) and NaHCO3 (1.01 kg, 12.0 mol, 2.0 equiv) were charged to a reactor. The mixture was stirred at 17–23 ℃ for 1–4 h, then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB, 2.54 kg, 12.0 mol, 2.0 equiv) was charged to the reactor in portions at 17–23 ℃ with stirring and the mixture was stirred at 17–23 ℃ for no less than 2 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the celite bed was washed with DMF (3.8 L) . The filtrate was combined and diluted with EtOAc (46.1 L) . The mixture was washed with purified water (40.1 L) .The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was back extracted with EtOAc (40.0 L × 2) . The organic phases were combined and washed with purified water (12.1 L × 2) . The aqueous washes were combined and back extracted with EtOAc (20.0 L × 3) . All the organic phases were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. Acetone (32.4 L) was charged to the residue and the mixture was stirred to afford a solution. The solution was heated to 40–45 ℃, and citric acid (1.28 kg, 6.0 mol, 1.0 equiv) was added to the solution at such a rate to maintain the internal temperature at 40–45 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 40–45 ℃ for additional 30–60 min. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, 28.2 L) was added to the reactor at a rate to maintain the internal temperature at 37–45 ℃. The mixture was cooled down to 20–25 ℃ and additional MTBE (11.9 L) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 20–25 ℃ for 30–60 min and filtered. The wet cake was washed with a mixture of acetone (12.2 L) and MTBE (11.9 L) . The solid was dried at 35–45 ℃ under reduced pressure to afford compound 1b-1 citrate as a light-brown solid (5.90 kg, 81.9%yield, and 90.1%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of 1a Trihydrochloride (1a·3HCl)
[0449] Compound 1b-1 citrate (5.89 kg, 4.9 mol, 1.0 equiv) and MeOH (7.3 L) were charged to a reactor. A solution of hydrogen chloride in MeOH solution (4 M, 7.3 L, 6.0 equiv) was charged to the reactor at 20–30 ℃. The temperature was raised to 27–33 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at that temperature for no less than 1 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The temperature was raised to 35–45 ℃ and MeCN (58.8 L) was added. The mixture was stirred at 35–45 ℃ for 30–90 min and then cooled to 23–28 ℃. The solid was filtered, and the wet cake was washed with a mixture of MeOH (1.8 L) and MeCN (7.1 L) . The wet product was dried at 45–60 ℃ under reduced pressure to afford the crude Compound 1a·3HCl (4.65 kg) .
[0450] The crude product (4.65 kg) , isopropanol (IPA, 43.9 L) and purified water (2.3 L) were charged to a reactor. The mixture was stirred at 25–45 ℃ for 2–5 h and then cooled to 20–25 ℃ and filtered. The filter cake was washed with a mixture of isopropanol (6.6 L) and purified water (0.3 L) . The wet cake was returned to the reactor. MTBE (46.5 L) was added. The mixture was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 1–2 h and filtered. The wet cake was washed with MTBE (9.3 L) . If necessary, the IPA / water and MTBE re-slurry processes may be repeated to give purified compound 1a·3HCl. The solid was dried at 45–60 ℃ under reduced pressure (4.27 kg) .
[0451] The dried solid was dissolved in MeOH (42.3 L) at 30–45 ℃ in a reactor. The mixture was cooled to 20–30 ℃ and polish filtered through an Ultrafilter. The reactor and the filter were rinsed with MeOH (12.6 L) . The filtrates were combined and concentrated at 40–50 ℃ under reduced pressure to 1-3 volumes. MTBE (12.8 L) was charged to the reactor and the mixture was concentrated to 1-3 volumes. MTBE (12.8 L) was charged to the reactor and the mixture was concentrated to 1-3 volumes one additional time. Additional MTBE (42.7 L) was added to the resulting residue and stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 1–2 h. The solid was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with purified water (12.8 L) . The solid was dried at 45–65 ℃ under reduced pressure to afford the compound 1a·3HCl as a brown solid (3.55 kg, 72.3%yield, and 99.5%HPLC purity) .
[0452] LCMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + calcd for C47H59N10O6S 891.4; Found 891.5.Example 6 Synthesis of (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- ( (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-Butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol- 5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate (40-1)
[0453] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 41-1 (5.0 g, 7.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and triethylamine (TEA, 1.51 g, 15.0 mmol, 2.0 equiv) in DCM (50 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (PNBCl, 2.90 g, 15.0 mmol, 2.0 equiv) in portions at 10–20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃for 4 h. H2O (50 mL) was added into the reaction. The mixture was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (25 mL × 2) . The combined organic layers were combined, washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (30 mL × 3) , saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (50 mL) , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (petroleum ether / EtOAc: 10 / 1 to 1 / 1) to afford (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- ( (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 40-1 as a yellow solid (4.53 g, 74.1%yield, 95.6%purity) . Synthesis of (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- ( (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5- yl)phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate (39)
[0454] To a solution of (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- ( (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 40-1 (4.53 g, 5.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (45 mL) was added Et3N·3HF (1.18 g, 7.3 mmol, 1.3 equiv) and the reaction was stirred at 50 ℃ for 14 h. Approximately half of THF was removed under reduced pressure, and EtOAc (25 mL) and H2O (25 mL) were added to the mixture. After the phase separation, the organic layer was washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (30 mL × 3) , saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (30 mL) and brine (20 mL) . The organic layer was separated and concentrated to afford (2S) -2- ( (5- (1-( (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 39 as a yellow solid (5.2 g) , and the crude mixture was used in the next step reaction without further purification. Crystallization of (S) -2- ( (5- ( (R) -1- ( (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5- yl)phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate (38)
[0455] The crude from above was slurried with MTBE (52 mL) at 55 ℃ for 14 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and the filter cake was dried to afford 2.8 g of (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- ( (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 39 as light-yellow solid. Crude product 39 was suspended in IPA (12 mL) and the mixture was heated to 90 ℃ to become a clear solution. The solution was slowly cooled to 60 ℃ and stirred for 30 min. The suspension was then slowly cooled to 25 ℃ and stirred for 1 h. The resulting suspension was filtered and dried to afford (S) -2- ( (5- ( (R) -1- ( (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2-( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 38 as a light-yellow solid (1.89 g, 48.7%yield for two steps, 99.1%HPLC purity, and 98.9: 1.1 dr) . Synthesis of (S) -2- ( (5- ( (R) -1- ( (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-Butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4- methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate (37-1)
[0456] To a solution of (S) -2- ( (5- ( (R) -1- ( (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 38 (500 mg, 0.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and imidazole (193 mg, 2.8 mmol, 4.0 equiv) in DCM (5 mL) was added tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBSCl, 320 mg, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) at 10–20 ℃ and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. H2O (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (20 mL × 2) . The organic layers were separated, combined, washed sequentially with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (20 mL × 3) , saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (30 mL) and brine (20 mL) . After removing the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether / EtOAc: 5 / 1 to 1 / 1) to afford (S) -2- ( (5- ( (R) -1- ( (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 37-1 as a light-yellow thick oil (0.57 g, 98.2%yield, 98.0%HPLC purity, and 98.9: 1.1 dr) Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-Butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- ( (R) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2- yl)oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (36-1)
[0457] A solution of (S) -2- ( (5- ( (R) -1- ( (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2- ( ( (S) -1- (4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 37-1 (100 mg, 0.12 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and Et2NH (27 mg, 0.36 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in MeOH (1 mL) was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexanes / EtOAc / DCM: 15 / 5 / 1 to 10 / 10 / 1) to afford (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- ( (R) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 36-1 as a thick light-yellow oil (60 mg, 73.3%yield, 96.0%HPLC purity, and 98.9: 1.1 dr) .Example 7 Synthesis of (R) -1- (Trityloxy) propan-2-ol (31-1)
[0458] Dichloromethane (DCM, 5.0 L) , triethylamine (Et3N, 1596 g, 15.8 mol, 1.2 equiv) and (R) -propane-1, 2-diol (1000 g, 13.1 mol, 1.0 equiv) were added under N2 atmosphere at room temperature and cooled to -10 ℃. Triphenylmethyl chloride (TrCl, 3480 g, 12.5 mol, 0.95 equiv) was dissolved in DCM (7.0 L) and added dropwise to the reaction. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 5–10 ℃ for 2 h, and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water (2.0 L × 2) . The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. It was recrystallized with hexanes (8.0 L) . The solid was filtered and dried at 30–35 ℃ to obtain (R) -1- (trityloxy) propan-2-ol 31-1 as a white solid (3.41 kg, 85.8%yield, and 98.2%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of Methyl (S) -2- (3- ( (1- (Trityloxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetate (29-1)
[0459] To a mixture of Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 15.0 L) , methyl 2- (3-oxo-2, 3-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl) acetate 30-1 (1564 g, 9.9 mol, 1.1 equiv) , (R) -1- (trityloxy) propan-2-ol 31-1 (2881 g, 9.0 mol, 1.0 equiv) , and PPh3 (2848 g, 10.8 mol, 1.2 equiv) at -20 ℃ was added dropwise diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD, 2196 g, 10.8 mol, 1.2 equiv) over 1.5 h. The mixture was stirred at -20 ℃for 2 h and allowed to warm to -5–5 ℃ and stirred overnight. Saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (4.5 L) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc twice (10.0 L and 5.0 L) . The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum Ether / EtOAc: 50 / 1 to 4 / 1) to afford methyl (S) -2- (3- ( (1- (trityloxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetate 29-1 as a light-yellow oil (3.43 kg, 82.9%yield, and 98.0%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of Sodium 3-Methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1- (trityloxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) butanoate (28-1)
[0460] To a solution of methyl (S) -2- (3- ( (1- (trityloxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetate 29-1 (3.41 kg, 7.45 mol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (17.0 L) at -10 ℃ was charged portion-wise slowly potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK powder, 1.0 kg, 8.91 mol, 1.2 equiv) so that the temperature didn’ t exceed 5 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -5–5 ℃ for 30 min. 2-iodopropane (1.52 kg, 8.91 mol, 1.2 equiv) was added dropwise at -10 –-5 ℃. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. Aqueous NaOH solution (5%, 15.0 L) and ethanol (EtOH, 15.0 L) were added. The mixture was stirred for 4.5 h and concentrated and extracted with EtOAc (15.0 L and 12.0 L) . The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (5.0 L × 2) , and concentrated to obtain sodium 3-methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1- (trityloxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl)butanoate 28-1 crude material (4.55 kg) . Synthesis of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-Hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid (27)
[0461] A mixture of sodium 3-methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1- (trityloxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl)butanoate 28-1 (4.55 kg, 9.0 mol, 1.0 equiv) , THF (17.0 L) and 4 N HCl (in water, 9.5 L, 38.0 mol, 4.2 equiv) was stirred at 60–65 ℃ for 8 h and cooled to room temperature. The mixture was extracted three times with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, 20.0 L, 15.0 L and 10.0 L) . The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 27 as a yellow solid (1.32 kg, 72.6%yield over two steps, 99.2%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of Methyl 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-Hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate (26- 1)
[0462] To a solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 27 (124 g, 0.51 mol, 1.0 equiv) in methanol (MeOH, 620 mL) was added SOCl2 (30.3 g, 0.255 mol, 0.5 equiv) dropwise at 0 ℃ over 30 min. The resulting mixture was heated to 50 ℃ and stirred for 3 h. MeOH was removed under reduced pressure. EtOAc (600 mL) was added and the mixture was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (500 mL) , and brine (500 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give methyl 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 26-1 as a light-yellow oil (130 g, 97.2%yield, and 98.7%HPLC purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C12H20NO5 [M+H] +: 258.13; observed: 257.80. Synthesis of Methyl 3-Methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) butanoate (25-1)
[0463] To a solution of methyl 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 26-1 (113 g, 0.439 mol, 1.0 equiv) and pyridine (140.6 g, 1.78 mol, 4.0 equiv) in DCM (1130 mL) was added Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP, 251.6 g, 0.593 mol, 1.35 equiv) at 20–27 ℃ over 30 min. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. A solution of Na2S2O3 (50 g) and NaHCO3 (50 g) in H2O (1200 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 20–25 ℃ for 2 h. The solid was filtered. The filtrate was washed sequentially with brine (500 mL) , HCl (3 N, 500 mL × 2) , saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (500 mL × 3) and H2O (500 mL) . The organic phase was collected, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give methyl 3-methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) butanoate 25-1 as a colorless oil (104 g, 93%yield for the crude product, and 79.8%HPLC purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C12H18NO5 [M+H] +: 256.12; observed: 255.86. Synthesis of Methyl 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-Dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate (24-1)
[0464] To a solution of methyl 3-methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl)butanoate 25-1 (103 g, 0.404 mol, 1.0 equiv) in MeOH (500 mL) was added trimethyl orthoformate (64.3 g, 0.606 mol, 1.5 equiv) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH, 3.8 g, 0.02 mol, 0.05 equiv) . The mixture was heated to 50–60 ℃ and stirred for 1 h. HPLC showed the reaction was completed and the mixture was used directly in the next step reaction. LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C13H20NO5 [M-OCH3] +: 270.13; observed: 269.88. Synthesis of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-Dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid (19- 1)
[0465] To the reaction mixture containing 24-1 from previous step was added H2O (250 mL) and NaOH (48 g, 1.2 mol, 3.0 equiv) and the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and extracted with MTBE (500 mL) . To the aqueous phase was added HCl (2 N) at 0 ℃ until pH was 5–6. It was extracted with MTBE (500 mL × 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (500 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl)oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 as a colorless oil (99 g, 85.3%yield over two steps, and 95.4%HPLC purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C12H18NO5 [M-OCH3] +: 256.12; observed: 255.86.Example 8 Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4- { [Dimethyl (2-methylprop-2-yl) silyl] oxy} -1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1- dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17b-1-1)
[0466] To a solution of 1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-b] pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 15.8 g, 41.8 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (50 mL) at 0–10 ℃was added a premixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (10.0 g, 34.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (15.5 g, 34.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , triethylamine (TEA, 10.5 g, 104.4 mol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (50 mL) . After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. Water (100 mL) was added. The organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. EtOAc (100 mL) was added. The mixture was washed with 5%aqueous citric acid solution (100 mL × 3) and brine (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (24.0 g, 96.4%yield, 92.0%HPLC purity, and 87.5: 12.5 dr) , which was used in the next step without further purification. Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1)
[0467] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (45.0 g, 62.9 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (225 mL) was added triethylamine trihydrofluoride (11.2 g, 69.2 mmol, 1.1 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 48–52 ℃ overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and water (200 mL) was added. It was extracted with EtOAc 2 times (200 mL and 80 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (300 mL × 2) and 10%sodium chloride solution (80 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the product 17a-1 as a yellow solid (33.0 g, 88.1%yield, and 94.9%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [ (2R) -2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) - 3-methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1)
[0468] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17a-1 (45.0 g, 74.9 mmol) in methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, 405 mL) was added isopropanol (IPA, 45 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 50–55 ℃ for 6 h and cooled to room temperature. The solid was filtered and redissolved in a mixed solution of MTBE and IPA (v / v 1:1, 450 mL) at 60–70 ℃. After stirring for 2 h, the mixture was cooled to room temperature slowly and a light yellow solid precipitated. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration. The resulting solid was dissolved in acetonitrile (MeCN, 340 mL) at 70–80 ℃ and then cooled to room temperature slowly. A light yellow solid precipitated. The solid was filtered to give the final product 17a-1 as an off-white solid (27.1 g, 60.2%yield, 98.5%HPLC purity, and 99.7%chiral purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C30H41N4O7S [M+H] +: 601.36; observed: 601.22. Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-Methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] -4- [(triethylsilyl) oxy] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (18b-2)
[0469] To a stirred mixture of (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide dihydrochloride 18a 2HCl (6.6 g, 16.3 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (60 mL) was added imidazole (6.66 g, 97.8 mmol, 6.0 equiv) , followed by the addition of chlorotriethylsilane (TESCl, 7.37 g, 48.9 mmol, 3.0 equiv) at 0–10 ℃. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 6 h. Water (36 mL) was added. Organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (24 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with 10%aqueous Na2CO3 solution (60 mL) and brine (60 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 18b-2 as a yellow oil (7.0 g, 96.1%yield, and 95.0%HPLC purity) , which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C23H36N3O2SSi [M+H] +: 446.22; observed: 446.23. Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-Methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] -4- [(trimethylsilyl) oxy] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (18b-3) :
[0470] To a stirred mixture of (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide dihydrochloride 18a 2HCl (1.1 g, 2.72 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (10 mL) was added 2, 6-lutidine (1.75 g, 16.32 mmol, 6.0 equiv) , followed by the addition of triethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf, 1.81 g, 8.16 mmol, 3.0 equiv) at 0–10 ℃. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 6 h. The reaction was diluted by water (6 mL) and extracted with DCM (4 mL) . The organic layer was separated, washed with 10%Na2CO3 aqueous solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 18b-3 as a yellow oil (0.6 g, 60.1%yield, and 98.9%HPLC purity) , which was used for the next step without further purification. Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Li-1 and 18b-2
[0471] To a solution of HATU (0.62 g, 1.63 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of lithium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Li-1 (0.40 g, 1.36 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (triethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-2 (0.61 g, 1.36 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and TEA (0.41 g, 4.08 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.57 g, 69.8%yield, 93.6%HPLC purity, and 88.9: 11.1 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Na-1 and 18b-2
[0472] To a solution of HATU (0.59 g, 1.55 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of sodium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Na-1 (0.40 g, 1.29 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (triethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-2 (0.57 g, 1.29 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and TEA (0.39 g, 3.87 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.58 g, 74.8%yield, 88.6%HPLC purity, and 85.8: 14.2 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-K-1 and 18b-2
[0473] To a solution of HATU (0.56 g, 1.48 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of potassium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-K-1 (0.40 g, 1.23 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (triethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-2 (0.55 g, 1.23 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and triethylamine (TEA, 0.37 g, 3.69 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.52 g, 70.4%yield, 89.0%HPLC purity, and 90.1: 9.9 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Ca-1 and 18b-2
[0474] To a solution of HATU (0.60 g, 1.57 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of calcium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Ca-1 (0.40 g, 0.65 mmol, 0.5 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (triethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-2 (0.58 g, 1.31 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.40 g, 3.93 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.59 g, 75.5%yield, 86.3%HPLC purity, and 87.4: 12.6 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Mg-1 and 18b-2
[0475] To a solution of HATU (0.61 g, 1.61 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of magnesium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Mg-1 (0.40 g, 0.67 mmol, 0.5 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (triethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-2 (0.60 g, 1.34 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.41 g, 4.02 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.58 g, 72.0%yield, 89.9%HPLC purity, and 89.1: 10.9 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Zn-1 and 18b-2
[0476] To a solution of HATU (0.58 g, 1.54 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of zinc 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Zn-1 (0.40 g, 0.64 mmol, 0.5 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (triethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-2 (0.57 g, 1.28 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.39 g, 3.84 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.55 g, 71.6%yield, 89.9%HPLC purity, and 90.1: 9.9 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Li-1 and 18b-3
[0477] To a solution of HATU (0.62 g, 1.63 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of lithium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Li-1 (0.40 g, 1.36 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (trimethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-3 (0.55 g, 1.36 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.41 g, 4.08 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.57 g, 69.8%yield, 98.2%HPLC purity, and 84.8: 15.2 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Na-1 and 18b-3
[0478] To a solution of HATU (0.59 g, 1.55 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of sodium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Na-1 (0.40 g, 1.29 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (trimethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-3 (0.52 g, 1.29 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.39 g, 3.87 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.57 g, 73.5%yield, 87.4%HPLC purity, and 88.1: 11.9 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-K-1 and 18b-3
[0479] To a solution of HATU (0.56 g, 1.48 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of potassium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-K-1 (0.40 g, 1.23 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (trimethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-3 (0.50 g, 1.23 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.37 g, 3.69 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as an off-white solid (0.52 g, 69.9%yield, 89.0%HPLC purity, and 90.1: 9.9 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Ca-1 and 18b-3
[0480] To a solution of HATU (0.60 g, 1.57 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of calcium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Ca-1 (0.40 g, 0.65 mmol, 0.5 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (trimethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-3 (0.58 g, 1.31 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.40 g, 3.93 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.52 g, 66.7%yield, 86.3%HPLC purity, and 57.2: 42.8 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Mg-1 and 18b-3
[0481] To a solution of HATU (0.61 g, 1.61 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of magnesium 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Mg-1 (0.40 g, 0.67 mmol, 0.5 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (trimethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-3 (0.54 g, 1.34 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.41 g, 4.02 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.55 g, 68.0%yield, 96.4%HPLC purity, and 83.7: 16.3 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1) from 19-Zn-1 and 18b-3
[0482] To a solution of HATU (0.58 g, 1.54 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of zinc 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 19-Zn-1 (0.40 g, 0.64 mmol, 0.5 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) -4- ( (trimethylsilyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-3 (0.57 g, 1.28 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.39 g, 3.84 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (4 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (4 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product was added THF (4 mL) and 10%citric acid aqueous solution (4 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) and the aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (4 mL) again. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine (4 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.51 g, 67.1%yield, 93.7%HPLC purity, and 80.4: 19.6 dr) .Example 9 Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4- { [Dimethyl (2-methylprop-2-yl) silyl] oxy} -1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1- dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17b-1-1)
[0483] 1. Using triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) as Base
[0484] To a solution of HATU (15.8 g, 41.8 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (50 mL) at 0–10 ℃was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (10.0 g, 34.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (15.5 g, 34.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (10.5 g, 104.4 mol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (50mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (100 mL) and the organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (100 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (23.9 g, 96.4%yield, 92.0%HPLC purity, and 87.5: 12.5 dr) , which was directly used for the next step without further purification.
[0485] 2. Using N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as Base
[0486] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.2 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and DIPEA (0.27 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.45g, 90.0%yield, 88.8%HPLC purity, and 53.7: 46.3 dr) .
[0487] 3. Using N, N-Dimethylethylamine as Base
[0488] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and N, N-dimethylethylamine (0.15 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.46 g, 92.0%yield, 90.2%HPLC purity, and 81.4: 18.6 dr) .
[0489] 4. Using N, N-Diethylmethylamine as Base
[0490] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and N, N-diethylmethylamine (0.18 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.47 g, 94.0%yield, 92.3%HPLC purity, and 71.5: 28.5 dr) .
[0491] 5. Using N-Methylpiperidine as Base
[0492] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and N-methylpiperidine (0.21 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.44 g, 88.0%yield, 89.9%HPLC purity, and 83.6: 16.4 dr) .
[0493] 6. Using N-Methylpyrrolidine as Base
[0494] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and N-methylpyrrolidine (0.18g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.44 g, 88.0%yield, 86.9%HPLC purity, and 77.1: 22.9 dr) .
[0495] 7. Using N, N, N', N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as Base
[0496] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TMEDA (0.24 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.45 g, 90.0%yield, 90.5%HPLC purity, and 73.4: 26.6 dr) .
[0497] 8. Using N, N'-Dimethylpiperazine as Base
[0498] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and N, N'-dimethylpiperazine (0.24 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.47 g, 94.0%yield, 90.1%HPLC purity, and 63.7: 36.3 dr) .
[0499] 9. Using Trimethylamine as Base
[0500] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and trimethylamine (2 M in THF, 1.1 mL, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.48 g, 96.0%yield, 92.5%HPLC purity, and 68.9: 31.1 dr) .
[0501] 10. Using 4-Methylmorpholine as Base
[0502] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and 4-methylmorpholine (0.24 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.43 g, 86.0%yield, 87.4%HPLC purity, and 70.1: 29.9 dr) .
[0503] 11. Using Quinine as Base
[0504] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and quinine (0.68 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.48 g, 96.0%yield, 92.9%HPLC purity, and 88.3: 11.7 dr) .
[0505] 12. Using Cinchonidine as Base
[0506] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and cinchonidine (0.62 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.48 g, 96.0%yield, 90.5%HPLC purity, and 88.0: 12.0 dr) .
[0507] 13. Using Quinine and Triethylamine as Base
[0508] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , quinine (0.68 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) , and TEA(0.07 g, 0.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.49 g, 98.0%yield, 91.8%HPLC purity, and 92.0: 8.0 dr) .
[0509] 14. Using 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as Base
[0510] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and DMAP (0.26 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.38 g, 76.0%yield, 85.5%HPLC purity, and 64.3: 35.7 dr) .
[0511] 15. Using 2, 6-Lutidine as Base
[0512] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and 2, 6-lutidine (0.23 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.44 g, 88.0%yield, 89.9%HPLC purity, and 53.9: 46.1 dr) .
[0513] 16. Using Quinuclidine as Base
[0514] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and quinuclidine (0.23 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.49 g, 98.0%yield, 87.6%HPLC purity, and 74.7: 25.3 dr) .
[0515] 17. Using 1, 8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) as Base
[0516] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and DBU (0.32g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.40 g, 80.0%yield, 86.4%HPLC purity, and 65.7: 34.3 dr) .
[0517] 18. Using 1, 8-Bis (dimethylamino) naphtalene as Base
[0518] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and 1, 8-bis (dimethylamino) naphtalene (0.45 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.44 g, 88.0%yield, 89.8%HPLC purity, and 51.5: 48.5 dr) .
[0519] 19. Using (+) -Sparteine as Base
[0520] To a solution of HATU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and (+) -sparteine (0.49 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.45 g, 90.0%yield, 88.8%HPLC purity, and 56.9: 43.1 dr) .
[0521] 20. Using N, N, N′, N′-Tetramethyl-O- (1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) uronium Hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) as Condensing Agent
[0522] To a solution of HBTU (0.32 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.21 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.48 g, 96.0%yield, 90.9%HPLC purity, and 84.3: 15.7 dr) .
[0523] 21. Using 2- (1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl) -1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylaminium Tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) as Condensing Agent
[0524] To a solution of TBTU (0.27 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.21 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.46 g, 92.0%yield, 90.1%HPLC purity, and 78.8: 21.2 dr) .
[0525] 22. Using Benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium Hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) as Condensing Agent
[0526] To a solution of PyBOP (0.44 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.21g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.44 g, 88.0%yield, 90.6%HPLC purity, and 83.0: 17.0 dr) .
[0527] 23. Using N- (3-Dimethylaminopropyl) -N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) / 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) as Condensing Agent
[0528] To a solution of EDCI (0.16 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) and HOBt (0.11 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1 mL) at 0–10 ℃ was added mixed solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19-1 (0.20 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (0.31 g, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and TEA (0.21 g, 2.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (2 mL) . After addition, the solution was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 1 h and then quenched with water (2 mL) . The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The crude product extracted with EtOAc (2 mL) and 5%citric acid aqueous solution (2 mL × 3) . Then the organic phase was washed with brine (1 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17b-1-1 as a foamy solid (0.40 g, 80.0%yield, 89.9%HPLC purity, and 70.0: 30.0 dr) .Example 10 Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1)
[0529] 1. Triethylamine Trihydrofluoride (Et3N·3HF)
[0530] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (45.0 g, 62.9 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (225 mL) was added Et3N·3HF (11.2 g, 69.2 mmol, 1.1 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 48–52 ℃ overnight. After completion, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL) and water (200 mL) . The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL) and the organic phases were combined. Then the organic layer was washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (300 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (150 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried with anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (33.3 g, 88.1%yield, 94.9%HPLC purity, and 88.0: 12.0 dr) .
[0531] 2. Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (TBAF)
[0532] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (5 mL) was added TBAF (0.39 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 10–20 ℃overnight. After completion, the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) . The organic phases were combined and washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (8 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (5 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.78 g, 92.7%yield, 93.9%HPLC purity, and 87.4: 12.6 dr) .
[0533] 3. Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride and Acetic Acid (TBAF + AcOH)
[0534] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (5 mL) was added TBAF (0.39 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and AcOH (0.09 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 10–20 ℃ overnight. HPLC showed that half of the raw material did not react.
[0535] 4. Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride and Ammonium Fluoride (TBAF + NH4F)
[0536] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (5 mL) was added TBAF (0.39 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and NH4F (0.06 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 15–25 ℃ overnight. After completion, the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) . The organic phases were combined and washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (8 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (5 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.81 g, 96.4 %yield, 96.9%HPLC purity, and 86.4: 13.6 dr) .
[0537] 5. Hydrochloric Acid (1N HCl in THF)
[0538] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (5 mL) was added hydrochloric acid (1 N in THF, 2.8 mmol, 2.8 mL, 2.0 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 10–20 ℃ overnight. HPLC showed that 2.5%of the de-acetal byproduct was generated. The reaction was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) . The organic phases were combined and washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (8 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (5 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.74 g, 88.1%yield, 93.3%HPLC purity, and 88.0: 12.0 dr) .
[0539] 6. Cesium Fluoride and 18-Crown-6 (CsF + 18-Crown-6)
[0540] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in 18-crown-6 (5 mL) was added CsF (0.43 g, 2.8 mmol, 2.0 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 70–80 ℃ for 5 h. After completion, the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) . The organic phases were combined and washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (8 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (5 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.78 g, 92.6%yield, 93.6%HPLC purity, and 67.7: 32.3 dr) .
[0541] 7. Potassium Fluoride and 18-Crown-6 (KF + 18-Crown-6)
[0542] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in 18-crown-6 (5 mL) was added KF (0.16 g, 2.8 mmol, 2.0 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 70–80 ℃ for 5 h. After completion, the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) . The organic phases were combined and washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (8 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (5 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.78 g, 92.6%yield, 97.0%HPLC purity, and 64.3: 35.7 dr) .
[0543] 8. Ammonium Fluoride and 18-Crown-6 (NH4F + 18-Crown-6)
[0544] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in 18-crown-6 (5 mL) was added NH4F (0.10 g, 2.8 mmol, 2.0 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 70–80 ℃ for 5 h. After completion, the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) . The organic phases were combined and washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (8 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (5 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.68 g, 81.0%yield, 94.7%HPLC purity, and 91.5: 8.5 dr) .
[0545] 9. Ammonium Fluoride + 18-Crown-6 in MeCN (NH4F + 18-Crown-6)
[0546] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17b-1-1 (1.0 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in MeCN (5 mL) was added NH4F (0.10 g, 2.8 mmol, 2.0 equiv) and 18-crown-6 (0.74 g, 2.8 mmol, 2.0 equiv) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 70–80 ℃ for 14 h. After completion, the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL) . The organic phases were combined and washed with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (8 mL × 2) and 10%NaCl solution (5 mL) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 17a-1 as a yellow solid (0.79g, 94.0%yield, 94.0%HPLC purity, and 88.7: 11.3 dr) . Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [ (2R) -2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) - 3-methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide (17a-1)
[0547] To a solution of (2S, 4R) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 17a-1 (45.0 g, 74.9 mmol) in MTBE (405 mL) was added isopropanol (IPA, 45 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 50–55 ℃ for 6 h. Then the reaction was cooled to room temperature and the solid was collected by reduced pressure filtration to give the first crop of product. The product was dissolved in the mixed solution of MTBE (225 mL) and IPA (225 mL) at 60–70 ℃ and stirred for 2 h. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature slowly and a light-yellow solid precipitated. The solid was collected by reduced pressure filtration to give the second crop of product. The resulting product was dissolved in MeCN (340 mL) at 70–80 ℃ and stirred for 2 h. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature slowly and a light-yellow solid precipitated. The solid was collected by reduced pressure filtration to give the final product 17a-1 as an off-white solid (27.1 g, 60.2%yield, 98.5%HPLC purity, and 99.7%chiral purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C30H41N4O7S [M+H] +: 601.36; observed: 601.22. Example 11 Synthesis of tert-Butyl (S) -3- ( ( (4-Nitrophenyl) sulfonyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (13-1)
[0548] To a solution of tert-butyl (S) -3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.6 kg, 13.89 mol, 1.0 equiv) 14-1 in dichloromethane (DCM, 26.0 L) was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 169.7 g, 1.39 mol, 0.1 equiv) and triethylamine (TEA, 3.51 kg, 34.73 mol, 2.5 equiv) at 0–5 ℃ under N2.4-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (NsCl, 3.39 kg, 15.28 mol, 1.1 equiv) was added batchwise at 0–5 ℃. The reaction was allowed to warm to 25 ℃ and stirred for 15 h. The reaction mixture was washed sequentially with 5%citric acid aqueous solution (10.0 L × 2) , saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (10.0 L) and brine (5.0 L) . The organic layer was passed through a silica pad and concentrated in vacuum to give (S) -3- ( ( (4-nitrophenyl) sulfonyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 13-1 as a white solid (4.75 kg, 91.9%yield, and 100%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3-Oxotetrahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazine-7 (1H) -carboxylate (15-1)
[0549] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate 16-1 (2.61 kg, 12.08 mol, 1.0 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 26.0 L) was added 1, 1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, 2.35 kg, 14.50 mol, 1.2 equiv) at 10 ℃ under N2. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc, 30.0 L) and H2O (5.0 L) were added to the residue. The mixture was washed with 5%aqueous citric acid solution (10.0 L × 2) and brine (8.0 L) . The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtrated, and concentrated. The solid was slurried with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, 10.0 L) , filtered, and dried to give tert-butyl (R) -3-oxotetrahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazine-7 (1H) -carboxylate 15-1 as a white solid (2.53 kg, 86.3%yield, and 100%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of (R) -Hexahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazin-3-one (12)
[0550] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3-oxotetrahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazine-7(1H) -carboxylate 15-1 (2.4 kg, 9.91 mol) in isopropyl acetate (IPAc, 7.2 L) was added HCl IPAc solution (4 N, 12.0 L, 4.8 equiv) dropwise at < 15 ℃. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for at least 3 h. The solid was filtered and dried. The isolated solid, water (9.6 L) and sodium carbonate (2.1 kg, 19.82 mol, 2.0 equiv) were added into the reactor. The reaction was heated to 60–65℃ and stirred for 16 h. Water was distilled under reduced pressure. The residue was stirred with DCM / MeOH (v / v 10 / 1, 10 L) . After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (R) -hexahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazin-3-one 12 as a white solid (1.45 kg, quantitative yield, and 100%HPLC purity) Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3-Oxotetrahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazin-7 (1H) -yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (11-1)
[0551] To a solution of (R) -hexahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazin-3-one 12 (1.35 kg, 9.56mol, 1.0 equiv) in acetonitrile (MeCN, 6.75 L) was added tert-butyl (S) -3- ( ( (4-nitrophenyl) sulfonyl) oxy) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 13-1 (3.56 kg, 9.56 mol, 1.0 equiv) and sodium carbonate (1.12 kg, 10.52 mol, 1.1 equiv) under N2. The mixture was heated to 65 ℃ and stirred for 48 h and cooled to room temperature. DCM (0.5 L) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was stirred with MTBE (2.5 L) . The solid was filtered, and dried to give tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3-oxotetrahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazin-7 (1H) -yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 11-1 as a white solid (2.09 kg, 70.1%yield, 95.9%HPLC purity, and 99.6%ee) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C15H26N3O4 [M+H] +: 312.19; observed: 312.30. Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (Hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (10-1)
[0552] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3-oxotetrahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a]pyrazin-7 (1H) -yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 11-1 (2.24 kg, 7.19 mol, 1.0 equiv) in ethanol (EtOH, 22.4 L) and H2O (11.2 L) was added NaOH (719.2 g, 17.98 mol, 2.5 equiv) at 20–30 ℃under N2. The reaction was heated to 75 ℃ and stirred for 3 hours. After completion, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, and the pH was adjusted to 7–8 by HCl (6 N) . The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was stirred with DCM / MeOH (v / v 10 / 1, 1.2 L) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was stirred with MTBE (1.0 L) , filtered, and dried to give tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 as a white solid (1.82 kg, 88.8%yield, and 100%HPLC purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C14H28N3O3 [M+H] +: 286.21; observed: 286.35. Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1- yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1)
[0553] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (1.79 kg, 6.27 mol, 1.0 equiv) in dimethylformamide (DMF, 17.9 L) was added 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 1.27 kg, 6.90 mol, 1.1 equiv) and K2HPO4 (1.31 kg, 7.52 mol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. After completion, the reaction was cooled to 5 ℃. H2O (30.0 L) was added and solid was formed. The solid was filtered, rinsed with H2O and n-heptane, and dried to give tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4-(3,6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light yellow solid (2.02 kg, 74.5%yield, and 94.4%HPLC purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C18H28Cl2N5O3 [M+H] +: 432.16; observed: 432.16. Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (Azidomethyl) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) piperazin-1- yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (8-1)
[0554] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 (1.99 kg, 4.60 mol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (20.0 L) was added triphenylphosphine (PPh3, 1.69 kg, 6.44 mol, 1.4 equiv) under N2. The mixture was cooled to 10 ℃ and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD, 1.30 kg, 6.44 mol, 1.4 equiv) was added dropwise. After addition, the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. Diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA, 1.77 kg, 6.44 mol, 1.4 equiv) was added dropwise while keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ for 12 h. The reaction mixture was used for the next step without any further purification. Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (S) -2-Chloro-5, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H- pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazin-8-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (5-1)
[0555] To the reaction mixture containing 8-1 from previous step, PPh3 (1.46 kg, 5.56 mol, 1.2 equiv) was added and the reaction was heated to 60–65 ℃ and stirred for 2 h. N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 3.59 kg, 27.78 mol, 6.0 equiv) and H2O (6.3 L) were added into the reaction and stirred for additional 12 h. The mixture was cooled down to 40 ℃, and most of the THF was removed under reduced pressure. EtOAc (1.0 L) and H2O (1.0 L) were added into the residue, and the pH was adjusted to 4–5 by 20%aqueous citric acid solution. The aqueous layer was separated and NaHCO3 solid was added slowly to adjust pH to 8. After filtration, the filter cake was rinsed with H2O and dried to afford tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (S) -2-chloro-5, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1', 2': 4, 5] pyrazino [2, 3-c] pyridazin-8-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 5-1 as a light-yellow solid (1.12 kg, 61.9%yield, and 99.3%HPLC purity) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C18H28ClN6O2 [M+H] +: 395.20; observed: 395.24.Example 12
[0556] General Procedure
[0557] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (1.0 equiv) in dimethylformamide (DMF) was added 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 1.1 equiv) and base (1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water. The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid. Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with N, N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as Base
[0558] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and DIPEA (108.7 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (174.0 mg, 51.3%yield, and 89.3%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with Triethylamine (TEA, Et3N) as Base
[0559] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and TEA (85.1 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (167.0 mg, 51.2%yield, and 92.9%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with Pyridine as Base
[0560] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and pyridine (66.5 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (32.0 mg, 10.0%yield, and 90.8%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with 1, 5-Diazabicyclo (5, 4, 0) undec-5-ene (DBU) as Base
[0561] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and DBU (128.0 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (38.0 mg, 12.0%yield, and 91.8%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) as Base
[0562] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and K2CO3 (116.2 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (123.1 mg, 33.1%yield, and 81.5%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as Base
[0563] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and Na2CO3 (89.1 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (185.4 mg, 55.0%yield, and 90.0%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as Base
[0564] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and NaHCO3 (70.7 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (165.0 mg, 50.9%yield, and 94.6%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with Potassium Phosphate Tribasic (K3PO4) as Base
[0565] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and K3PO4 (178.5 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (188.2 mg, 55.2%yield, and 89.0%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of tert-Butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-Dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin- 1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (9-1) with Potassium Phosphate Dibasic (K2HPO4) as Base
[0566] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 10-1 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (2 mL) was added 3,4, 6-trichloropyridazine (52, 141.4 mg, 0.77 mmol, 1.1 equiv) and K2HPO4 (146.5 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.2 equiv) under N2. The reaction was heated to 80–85 ℃ and stirred for 60 h. 3The reaction was cooled to 25 ℃ and water (4 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and a solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (2 mL) . The product was dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl 3- ( (R) -4- (3, 6-dichloropyridazin-4-yl) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazin-1-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 9-1 as a light-yellow solid (278.3 mg, 80.9%yield, and 88.2%HPLC purity) . Example 13
[0567] Synthesis of tert-butyl 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate (26-2) . To a solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid (27, 500 mg, 2.06 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (5 mL) was added O-tert-butyl-N, N’ -diisopropylisourea (1.23 g, 6.18 mmol, 3.0 equiv) at 40 ℃ and stirred for 14 h. The mixture was cooled to 20 ℃ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc = 10: 1 to 3: 1) to afford tert-butyl 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 26-2 as a light yellow solid (290 mg, 92.3%purity, 47.2%yield) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C15H26NO5 [M+H] +: 300.17; observed: 300.08.
[0568] Synthesis of (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- (tert-butoxy) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl)oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate (96) . To a solution of tert-butyl 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoate 26-2 (290 mg, 0.97 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (3.0 mL) was added TEA (295 mg, 2.91 mmol) and PNBCl (360 mg, 1.94 mmol) at 0–10 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. DCM (20 mL) and H2O (20 mL) were added. The organic phase was separated, washed sequentially with 5%citric acid (20 mL × 3) and brine (20 mL × 2) , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc = 10: 1 to 5: 1) to afford (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- (tert-butoxy) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate as a light yellow solid (350 mg, 91.1%purity, 80.6%yield) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C22H28N2O8 [M+H] +: 449.18; observed: 449.14.
[0569] Synthesis of 3-methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( (4-nitrobenzoyl) oxy) propan-2-yl)oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) butanoic acid (92) . To a solution of (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- (tert-butoxy) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate 96 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in TFA (0.25 mL) and DCM (0.75 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h under N2. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was distilled with n-heptane (20 mL × 3) to get 3-methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( (4-nitrobenzoyl) oxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) butanoic acid 92. The residue was used for the next step directly. LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C18H20N2O8 [M+H] +: 393.12; observed: 393.17.
[0570] Synthesis of (2S) -2- ( (5- (1- ( (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -2- ( ( (S) -1-(4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)isoxazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl 4-nitrobenzoate (40-1) . To a mixture of 3-methyl-2- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( (4-nitrobenzoyl) oxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) butanoic acid (92, 87.5 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (104 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.05 equiv) and TEA (67.5 mg, 0.67 mmol, 3.0 equiv) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added into a mixture of HATU (101.4 mg, 0.27 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in DCM (1.0 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction was completed and HPLC showed a dr value of 90.82: 9.18. LCMS (ESI) : m / z calcd for C41H53N5O9SSi [M+H] +: 820.33; observed: 819.98. Example 14 Synthetic scheme
[0571] Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) - (1- (4-bromophenyl) ethyl) carbamate 97. To a stirred solution of (S) -1- (4-bromophenyl) ethan-1-amine 22 (28.0 g, 140 mmol) in methanol (280 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (33.6 g, 154 mmol) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1h. The reaction mixture was filtered to give the desired compound as a white solid. The filtrate was concentrated and the solid was filtered to give additional product. The solids were combined and dried to give tert-butyl (S) - (1- (4-bromophenyl) ethyl) carbamate 97 as a white solid (39.2 g, 93%yield, 96%purity) , which was used for next step without further purification.
[0572] Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) - (1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamate 98.To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S) - (1- (4-bromophenyl) ethyl) carbamate 97 (10.0g, 33.3 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) were added potassium acetate (9.5g, 66.6 mmol) and 4-methylthiazole (6.6g, 66.6 mmol) . The mixture was degassed and back filled with nitrogen gas at room temperature. Palladium (II) acetate (149 mg, 0.6 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to 120 ℃ and stirred at this temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) . 100 mL of water was added and stirred. The organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc twice (70 mL × 2) . The organic extracts were combined, washed with water (70 mL) and brine (70 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Heptane (100 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was stirred for 1h. The solid was collected and dried under vacuum to give tert-butyl (S) - (1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamate 98 (8.5g, 76%yield) which was used for the next step without further purification.
[0573] Synthesis of (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethan-1-amine hydrochloride (95·HCl) . tert-butyl (S) - (1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamate (28.0 g, 87.9 mmol) 98 was added in portions to a stirred hydrogen chloride solution (4 N in IPA, 95 mL) at 5–10 ℃. The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 6 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The resulting solid was suspended in EtOAc / MeOH (v: v = 10: 3, 112 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solid was filtered, washed with EtOAc (50 mL) and dried to give (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethan-1-amine hydrochloride (95·HCl, 24.2g, yield 100%, 96%purity) as a yellow solid.
[0574] Synthesis of tert-butyl (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (20a-1) . To a stirred solution of (2S, 4R) -1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) -4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (21.6 g, 93.4 mmol) in DCM (120 mL) was added DIPEA (30.2 g, 233.5 mmol) and HBTU (35.4 g, 93.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred for 30 min and added to a pre-mixed mixture of (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethan-1-amine hydrochloride (95·HCl, 23.8 g, 93.4 mmol) and DIPEA (30.2 g, 233.5 mmol) in DCM (80 mL) at 0 ℃. The resulting solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. Water (200 mL) was added. The organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (100 mL × 3) . The organic extracts were combined, washed sequentially with 10%citric acid aqueous solution (100 mL × 2) , saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (100 mL × 2) , water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1-(4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 20a-1 (66.0 g, crude) as a yellow oil which was used for the next step without further purification.
[0575] Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (18a·HCl) . To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-2- ( ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) carbamoyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 20a-1 (66.0 g) in dioxane (40 mL) was added hydrogen chloride (4 N in dioxane, 120 mL) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solid was filtered and slurried with MeOH / EtOAc (20 mL / 100 mL) . The solid was filtered, washed with EtOAc (20 mL) and dried to give (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine -2-carboxamide hydrochloride 18a·HCl (26.2 g, 90%purity, ) as a yellow solid.
[0576] Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (18b-1) . To a stirred solution of (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride 18a·HCl (10.0 g, 27.0 mmol) in DCM (74 mL) were added imidazole (7.4 g, 109.0 mmol) and TBSCl (12.3 g, 82.0 mmol) at 0 ℃. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Water (67 mL) was added. The organic phase was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (27 mL x 3) . The organic extracts were combined, washed sequentially with 10%Na2CO3 (50 mL) , water (50 mL x 3) and brine (30 mL x 2) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (ethyl acetate / heptane, v: v=5: 1, added 0.1%ammonium hydroxide) to give (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (11.5 g, yield 95%) as a yellow oil.
[0577] Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- ( (R) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (36-1) . To a suspension of HATU (37.5g, 98.6 mmol) and TEA (166.4 g, 164.4 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was added a solution of 2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 27 (20.0 g, 82.2 mmol) and TEA (83.2 g, 82.2 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) and a solution of (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 18b-1 (38.4 g, 86.3 mmol) in DCM (200ml) at the same time. After stirring at room temperature for 15min, the reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (500 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed sequentially with 5%citric acid (200 mL × 4) , water (200 mL) and brine (100 mL) and concentrated to give 58.0 g of crude (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- ( (R) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 36-1 and (2S, 4R) -4- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- ( (S) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 36b-1 (dr: 85: 15) which was further purified by SFC separation.Example 15 Synthesis of 18b-2
[0578] 18a (100.0 g, 0.30 mol, 1.0 equiv) and DCM (1000 mL) were charged to a reactor, followed by the addition of imidazole (73.5 g, 1.08 mol, 3.6 equiv) . The reaction was cooled to 0–10 ℃. TESCl (81.4 g, 0.54 mol, 1.8 equiv) was added slowly to the reactor over about 0.5 h. The mixture was stirred for no less than 1 h at 15–25 ℃ until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. H2O (800 mL) was added. The organic phase was separated, washed with saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (800 mL) , H2O (800 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 18b-2 as a light-yellow oil (165.0 g) . Synthesis of 17a-1
[0579] 18b-2 (132.0 g, 0.30 mol, 1.0 equiv) , HBTU (136.5 g, 0.36 mol, 1.2 equiv) and DCM (1000 mL) were charged to a reactor, followed by the addition of NEt3 (91.1 g, 0.90 mol, 3.0 equiv) . The mixture was cooled to 0–10 ℃. A DCM (500 mL) solution of 19-K-1 (94.6 g, 0.30 mol, 1.0 equiv) was slowly added to the reactor over about 0.5 h at 0–10 ℃. The mixture was stirred for no less than 1 h at 15–25 ℃ until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. Water (80 mL) was added. The organic phase was separated, washed with H2O (80 mL) , and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford Crude (17b-1-2) as an off-white solid. Crude (17b-1-2) and THF (800 mL) were charged to a reactor. Citric acid aqueous solution (800 mL, 10%) was added. The mixture was stirred for 10–13 h at 15–25 ℃ until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. DCM (800 mL) was added to reaction mixture and stirred for 15 min. The organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was back extracted with DCM (800 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with NaCl aqueous solution (800 mL, 10%) , and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 17a-1 Crude as an off-white solid (242.6 g, dr: 91.0: 9.0, and 85.3%HPLC purity) . Purification:
[0580] 17a-1 Crude and IPA (400 mL) were charged to a reactor. The mixture was heated to 75–85 ℃ until the crude product was dissolved. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, and then cooled down to 40–50 ℃. MTBE (500 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, cooled down to 20–25 ℃, and stirred for additional 2–3 h. The mixture was filtered, and the solid was dried at 40 ℃ for about 12 h to obtain the product Solid-1 as a white solid (dr: 98.9: 1.1) . Solid-1 and IPA (500 mL) were charged to a reactor. The mixture was heated to 75–85 ℃ and stirred for 1 h. It was cooled down to 20–25 ℃, stirred for 2–3 h, and filtered. The solid was dried at 40 ℃ for about 12 h to obtain the product 17a-1 as a white solid (114.6 g, dr: 99.8: 0.2, 98.7%HPLC purity, and 63.2%yield over three steps) . HRMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + Calcd for C30H41N4O7S 601.2696; Found 601.2705. Synthesis of 2a
[0581] 17a-1 (10.0 g, 16.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and H2O (50 mL) were charged to a reactor, followed by the addition of 4 M HCl aqueous solution (30 mL, 120 mmol, 7.2 equiv) at 15–25 ℃. The reaction mixture was heated to 40–45 ℃ and stirred for no less than 12 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. DCM (100 mL) and MeOH (20 mL) were added, and saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution was added to adjust pH to 8–9. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was back extracted with DCM (100 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with H2O (80 mL × 2) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2a as an off-white solid (9.06 g, 98.2%yield, and 97.2%HPLC purity) . HRMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + Calcd for C28H35N4O6S 555.2272; Found 555.2256. Synthesis of 94-1
[0582] 5-1 (75.0 g, 0.19 mol, 1.0 equiv) , DMAP (2.32 g, 0.019 mol, 0.1 equiv) and MeCN (300 mL) were charged to a reactor, followed by the addition of NEt3 (38.5 g, 0.38 mol, 2.0 equiv) . A MeCN (75 mL) solution of (Boc) 2O (50.2 g, 0.23 mol, 1.2 equiv) was slowly added to the reactor. The mixture was stirred for no less than 1 h at 40–45 ℃ until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. EtOAc (450 mL) was added. The mixture was washed with H2O (450 mL × 2) and concentrated to 1–2 V. n-Heptane (300 mL) was added slowly over about 0.5 h. The mixture was stirred for 3–4 h and filtered. The solid was dried at 40 ℃ for about 12 h to obtain the product 94-1 as a yellow solid (80.5 g, 85.6%yield, and 98.7%HPLC purity) . Synthesis of Compound 3·3HCl
[0583] Compound 94-1 (80.0 g, 0.16 mol, 1.0 equiv) , K2CO3 (136.5 g, 0.48 mol, 3.0 equiv) , 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (33.1 g, 0.24 mol, 1.5 equiv) , H2O (136 mL) , and n-BuOH (665 mL) were charged to a reactor. The mixture was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen 3 times. Ruphos (1.49 g, 3.2 mmol, 0.02 equiv) and Pd (OAc) 2 (0.36 g, 1.6 mmol, 0.01 equiv) were charged to the reactor. The mixture was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen 3 times. The mixture was heated to 90–95 ℃ and stirred for 3–4 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The reaction was cooled to 30–40 ℃ and the organic phase was separated. Thiosilica (20.0 g, 25 wt%) and activated carbon (20.0 g, 25 wt%) were charged to the organic phase. The mixture was heated to 40–50 ℃ and stirred for 3–4 h. The mixture was filtered, and the cake was washed with n-BuOH (160 mL) . The filtrate and wash were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain Crude (93-1) (93.2 g as a brown foam.
[0584] Crude (93-1) (50.0 g) and MeCN (500 mL) were charged to a reactor. HCl in IPAc (250 mL) was added. The mixture was heated to 40–50 ℃ and stirred for 3–4 h until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The mixture was filtered, and the cake was washed with MeCN (150 mL) . The wet cake and H2O (400 mL) were charged to a reactor. The mixture was heated to 50–60 ℃ and stirred until solids were dissolved. Activated carbon (12.5 g, 25 wt%) was charged. The mixture was stirred at 50–60 ℃ for 3–4 h and filtered. The cake was washed with H2O (150 mL) . The filtrate and H2O wash were combined and concentrated. MeCN (150 mL) was added to the residual and distilled. The distillation with MeCN (150 mL) was repeated. MeCN (300 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred and filtered to afford 3·3HCl as an off-white solid (34.7 g, 99.1%HPLC purity, and 86.7%yield over two steps) .
[0585] HRMS (ESI+) m / z: [M + H] + Calcd for C19H25N6O 353.2698; Found 353.2090.
[0586] 2a (2.00 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , 3·3HCl (1.66 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , and DMF (20 mL) were charged to a reactor, followed by the addition of NaHCO3 (0.60 g, 7.2 mmol, 2.0 equiv) and H2O (10 wt%) . The reaction was cooled to 10–15 ℃. STAB (1.53 g, 7.2 mmol, 2.0 equiv) were added to the reactor in 10–12 portions. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 10–15 ℃until reaction completion was indicated by HPLC. The reaction mixture was poured slowly into saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (60 mL) and stirred for 2–3 h. The mixture was filtered, and the cake was washed with H2O (10 mL) . The wet cake, DCM (24 mL) and MeOH (8 mL) were charged to a reactor and the mixture was stirred until a solution was obtained. The solution was washed with H2O (20 mL) , saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (20 mL) , and H2O (16 mL) . The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was transferred with THF (20 mL) to a reactor. A solution of citric acid monohydrate (0.76 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in acetone (20 mL) was added over 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2–3 h at 15–25 ℃and the solid was filtered. The wet cake was dried under reduced pressure at 45 ℃ to afford 1a Citrate as a light-brown solid (3.21 g, 82.3%isolated yield, and 98.0%HPLC purity) .
[0587] 1a Citrate and MeOH (5 mL) were charged to a reactor. The temperature was raised to 40–45 ℃. Hydrogen chloride in IPAc solution (4 M, 1.0 mL, 3.0 equiv) was charged at 40–45 ℃. The mixture was stirred for 1 h. MeCN (32 mL) was added dropwise over 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40–45 ℃ for 1 h and cooled to 15–25 ℃, and stirred for additional 2–3 h. The solid was filtered and dried under reduced pressure at 50 ℃ to afford 1a trihydrochloride as a light-brown solid (1.37 g, 46.4%yield, and 99.0%HPLC purity) .
[0588] HRMS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + Calcd for C47H59N10O6S 891.4334; Found 891.4307.EXAMPLE 16 Synthesis of methyl (S) -2- (3- ( (1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetate (91-1) .
[0589] To a solution of methyl 2- (3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl) acetate (30-1, 30.0 g, 190 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (300 mL) was added (R) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-ol (33-1, 27.5 g, 230 mmol, 1.2 equiv) , PPh3 (75.1 g, 290 mmol, 1.5 equiv) and DIAD (57.9 g, 290 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at -40 –-30 ℃ under N2. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 0–10 ℃ for 18 h. The reaction was concentrated, and the crude was used without further purification in the next step. Synthesis of (S) -2- (3- ( (1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetic acid (90-1) .
[0590] To the crude methyl (S) -2- (3- ( (1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl)acetate 91-1 in water (300 mL) cooled in an ice bath was added LiOH·H2O (16.1 g, 380 mmol, 2.0 equiv) . The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature with stirring for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was extracted with toluene (200 mL× 3) . To the aqueous phase was added citric acid (36.70 g, 190 mmol, 1 equiv) to adjust the pH. The mixture was extracted with THF / EtOAc (4 / 1, 200 mL× 3) . The organic layers were combined, washed with water (100 mL× 2) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE: EtOAc = 8: 1 to 2: 1) to afford (S) -2- (3- ( (1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) acetic acid 90-1 (29.9 g, 97%purity) as a yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61 (s, 1H) , 5.94 (s, 1H) , 5.09 –4.64 (m, 1H) , 4.43 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.76 (s, 2H) , 3.44 (dd, J = 5.2, 1.9 Hz, 6H) , 1.53 –1.29 (m, 3H) .Example 17 Synthesis of 2-methylpropan-2-yl (3R) -3- [ (6aS) -2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro- 5H-pyrazino [2', 1': 6, 1] pyrazino [3, 2-c] [1, 2] diazin-8-yl] tetrahydropyrrole-1-carboxylate (4-1)
[0591] To a mixture of 2-methylpropan-2-yl (3R) -3- [ (6aS) -2-chloro-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-5H-pyrazino [2', 1': 6, 1] pyrazino [3, 2-c] [1, 2] diazin-8-yl] tetrahydropyrrole-1-carboxylate 5-1 (500 mg, 1.26 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in dioxane (5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) were added (2-hydroxyphenyl) boranediol (262 mg, 1.90 mmol, 1.5 equiv) and K3PO4 (805 mg, 3.80 mmol, 3.0 equiv) at 20 ℃. The mixture was degassed with N2 three times. Pd (OAc) 2 (56 mg, 0.25 mmol, 0.2 equiv) and Xphos (241 mg, 0.51 mmol, 0.4 equiv) were added. The mixture was degassed with N2, stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 h and cooled to room temperature. Water (5 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous brine (5 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude 2-methylpropan-2-yl (3R) -3- [ (6aS) -2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -6,6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-5H-pyrazino [2', 1': 6, 1] pyrazino [3, 2-c] [1, 2] diazin-8-yl]tetrahydropyrrole-1-carboxylate 4-1 (700 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. It was used without further purification.Example 18 Synthesis of 2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid (R) - (6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl) [ (8R) -2-vinyl-4-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-8-yl] methanol (19a-1-Qn)
[0592] To a solution of (R) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid 19a-1 (1.1 g, 3.83 mmol, 1.0 equiv, dr: 98.3: 1.7) in MTBE (10mL) at 20–30 ℃ was added quinine (1.24 g, 3.83 mmol, 1.0 equiv) . The solution was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 18 h. Hexane (10 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 20–30 ℃ for 1 h. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration to give 19a-1-Qn (2.15 g, 92%yield, 98.6%purity, dr: 98.2: 1.8) of the desired product as a white solid. Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -1- ( (R) -2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3- methylbutanoyl) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (17a-1)
[0593] To a solution of 2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoic acid (R) - (6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl) [ (8R) -2-vinyl-4-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-8-yl]methanol 19a-1-Qn (1.5 g, 2.45 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in IPA (22.5mL) was added (2S, 4R) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide dihydrochloride 18a·2HCl (0.89 g, 2.21 mmol, 0.9 equiv) . DIPEA (1.27 g, 9.80 mmol, 4.0 equiv) was added to the suspension. The mixture was cooled in an ice / water bath and stirred for 10 minutes. T4P (50 wt%in EtOAc, 2.65 g, 3.68 mmol, 1.5 equiv) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 0–10 ℃. Water (22.5 mL) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h at 20–30 ℃. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration to give 1.1 g of the title product as a white solid (81%yield, 99.0%purity, dr: 99.4: 0.6) .Example 19 Synthesis of (2S, 4R) -4-Hydroxy-1- [ (2R) -2- (3- { [ (2S) -1, 1-dimethoxyprop-2-yl] oxy} isoxazol-5- yl) -3-methyl-1-oxobutyl] -N- [ (1S) -1- [4- (4-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-5yl) phenyl] ethyl] tetrahydropyrrole-2-carboxamide quinine salt (19a-1-Qn (R) -Quinine Salt) Recrystallization with water and methanol.
[0594] A mixture of (2S, 4R) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide quinine salt (0.5 g, dr: 2.9: 97.1) in H2O (5 mL) and MeOH (2.5mL) was stirred at 50–55 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and stirred for 4 h. The solid was filtered and dried to give the purified salt as a white solid (0.35 g, dr: 0.6: 99.4) . Slurry with water.
[0595] A mixture of (2S, 4R) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide quinine salt (0.5 g, dr: 2.9: 97.1) in H2O (7.5 mL, 15 V) was stirred at 50–60 ℃ for 16 h and then room temperature for 4 h. The solid was filtered and dried to give the purified salt as a white solid (0.40 g, dr: 0.8: 99.2) . Recrystallization with water and methanol.
[0596] A mixture of (2S, 4R) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide quinine salt (0.5 g, dr: 22: 78) in H2O (5 mL) and MeOH (1 mL) was stirred at 55–60 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and stirred for 4 h. The solid was filtered and dried to give the purified salt as a white solid (0.28 g, dr: 0.9: 99.1) . Recrystallization with water and acetone.
[0597] A mixture of (2S, 4R) -1- (2- (3- ( ( (S) -1, 1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl) oxy) isoxazol-5-yl) -3-methylbutanoyl) -4-hydroxy-N- ( (S) -1- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) ethyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide quinine salt (0.5 g, dr: 22: 78) in H2O (6 mL) and acetone (1 mL) was stirred at 55–60 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and stirred for 4 h. The solid was filtered and dried to give the purified salt as a white solid (0.25 g, dr: 0.6: 99.4) .
[0598] While we have described a number of embodiments of this invention, it is apparent that our basic examples may be altered to provide other embodiments that utilize the compounds and methods of this invention. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of this invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than by the specific embodiments that have been represented by way of example.
Claims
A process for preparing compound 1a or compound 1b, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 1a or compound 1b,wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group;wherein the process comprises reacting compound 2a or compound 2b,wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group;with compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,in a reductive amination reaction.The process of claim 1, wherein compound 1a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is made by reacting compound 2a with compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a reductive amination reaction.The process of claim 1, wherein compound 1b, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is made by reacting compound 2b with compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a reductive amination reaction.The process of any one of claims 1-3, wherein compound 2a or 2b is reacted with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 3 in the reductive amination reaction.The process of claim 4, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 3 is the trihydrochloride salt.The process of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the reductive amination reaction comprises a solvent and a reducing agent.The process of claim 6, wherein the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , an alcohol, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, an ether, an ester, water, an aromatic hydrocarbon, or mixtures thereof.The process of claim 7, wherein the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) , methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dichloroethane, dicloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, diethyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, water, toluene, xylene, or mixtures thereof.The process of claim 8, wherein the solvent comprises N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) .The process of claim 9, wherein the solvent comprises a mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water.The process of claim 8, wherein the solvent comprises dichloromethane.The process of any one of claims 6-11, wherein the reducing agent comprises a metal hydride, a borohydride, a silane, a borane, formic acid, or catalytic hydrogenation.The process of claim 12, wherein the reducing agent is a borohydride reducing agent.The process of claim 13, wherein the reducing agent is sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) , or lithium borohydride.The process of claim 14, wherein the reducing agent sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) .The process of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reductive amination reaction further comprises a base.The process of claim 16, wherein the base comprises an amine, alkali metal bicarbonate, and alkaline earth metal bicarbonate, an alkali metal carbonate, and alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide.The process of claim 17, wherein the base is sodium bicarbonate.The process of claim 16, wherein the base is diisopropylethylamine.The process of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reductive amination reaction further comprises an acid.The process of claim 20, wherein the acid is acetic acid.The process of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reductive amination reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of about -15 ℃ –about 50 ℃.The process of any one of claims 1-22, further comprising converting compound 1b to compound 1a by removing the PG3 protecting group.The process of claim 23, wherein the PG3 protecting group is TBS.The process of claim 23 or claim 24, wherein the PG3 protecting group is removed by treatment of compound 1b with a fluoride ion source.The process of any one of claims 1-25, wherein the process further comprises a purification step comprising crystallization of an acid addition salt of compound 1a.The process of claim 26, wherein the acid addition salt of compound 1a is the citrate salt of compound 1a.The process of claim 26, wherein the purification step comprises dissolving compound 1a in a solvent, adding citric acid to the solution to form the citrate salt of compound 1a, and collecting the solid citrate salt by filtration.The process of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the purification process further comprises converting the compound 1a citrate salt to the compound 1a trihydrochloride salt.The process of claim 29, wherein the conversion of the compound 1a citrate salt to the compound 1a trihydrochloride salt comprises mixing the compound 1a citrate salt, methanol, and methanolic hydrogen chloride, adding an antisolvent, and collecting the precipitated compound 1a trihydrochloride salt.The process of claim 30, wherein the antisolvent is acetonitrile.A process for preparing compound 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising deprotection of compound 4,wherein PG is an amine protecting group.The process of claim 32, wherein the protecting group PG is Boc, and the deprotection is accomplished by treating compound 4 with acid.The process of claim 33, wherein the process comprises mixing compound 4 (wherein PG is BOC) with methanol, adding methanolic hydrogen chloride, stirring the resulting mixture, and isolating compound 3 trihydrochloride salt by filtration.The process of any one of claims 32-34, wherein compound 4 is prepared bypalladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 5 and (2-hydroxyphenyl) boronic acid, wherein PG is an amine protecting group, and wherein the cross-coupling is conducted in the presence of catalyst, solvent, and base.The process of claim 35, wherein the catalyst comprises Xphos and Pd (OAc) 2.The process of claim 35 or claim 36, wherein compound 5 is prepared byintramolecular cyclization of compound 8.The process of claim 37, wherein compound 8 is made by reaction of compound 9 with an azide under Mitsunobu conditions:The process of claim 38, wherein compound 9 is made by reacting compound 10 with 3, 4, 6-trichloropyridazine in a solvent and in the presence of a base:The process of claim 39, wherein the solvent is DMF and the base is potassium hydrogen phosphate.The process of claim 39 or claim 40, wherein compound 10 is prepared by hydrolysis of compound 11 in the presence of solvent and base:The process of claim 41, wherein the solvent is ethanol and the base is sodium hydroxide.The process of claim 41 or claim 42, wherein compound 11 is prepared by reaction of compound 12 with compound 13 in the presence of solvent and base:wherein PG is an acid-labile amine protecting group; and OLg is a leaving group.The process of claim 43, wherein the leaving group is nosylate (ONs) ; the base is sodium carbonate, and the solvent is acetonitrile.The process of claim 43 or claim 44, wherein compound 13 is prepared by reaction of compound 14 with leaving group installation reagents in a solvent:wherein PG is an amine protecting group; and OLg is a leaving group.The process of claim 45, wherein the leaving group installation reagents comprise nosyl chloride, DMAP, and TEA; wherein the solvent is dichlromethane, and OLg is ONs.The process of any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein compound 12 is prepared by reaction of compound 15 with an acid in a solvent, followed by base:wherein PG2 is an acid labile amine protecting group.The process of claim 47, wherein PG2 is Boc, the acid is HCl, the solvent is isopropyl acetate, and the base is sodium carbonate.The process of claim 47 or claim 48, wherein compound 15 is prepared by reacting compound 16 with a carbonyl installation reagent in a solvent:wherein PG2 is an acid-labile amine protecting group, and the carbonyl installation reagent comprises carbonyl diimidazole, disuccinimidyl carbonate, triphosgene, diphosgene, or phosgene.The process of claim 49, wherein PG2 is Boc, the carbonyl installation reagent comprises carbonyl diimidazole, and the solvent comprises THF.A process for preparing compound 2a or 2b, wherein the process comprises reacting compound 17a or 17b with aqueous acid:wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group, and each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 51, wherein R is H, and each R1 is CH3.The process of claim 51, wherein R is PG3, and each R1 is CH3.The process of claim 53, wherein PG3 is TBS.The process of any one of claims 51-54, wherein compound 17a or 17b is prepared by coupling compound 18a or 18b, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with compound 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the presence of coupling reagents and solvent:wherein PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group; and each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 55, wherein a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 19 is used in the coupling reaction, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound 19 is 19-M or 19-M2, wherein M+ is an alkali metal cation and M2+ is an alkali earth or transition metal:The process of claim 55 or claim 56, wherein R is H; each R1 is CH3; the coupling reagents are HATU and TEA, and the solvent is dichloromethane.The process of claim 55 or claim 56, wherein R is PG3; each R1 is CH3; the coupling reagents are HATU and TEA, and the solvent is dichloromethane.The process of claim 55 or claim 56, wherein PG3 is TBS; each R1 is CH3; the coupling reagents are HATU and TEA, and the solvent is dichloromethane.The process of any one of claims 55 -59, wherein compound 18a or 18b is used as a hydrochloride salt.The process of any one of claims 55-60, wherein compound 18a or 18b is prepared by removing the amino protecting group (PG4) of compound 20a or 20b:wherein PG4 is an amine protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.The process of claim 61, wherein compound 20a or 20b is prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of compound 21a or 21b and 4-methylthiazole in the presence of catalyst, base, and solvent:wherein PG4 is an amine protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.The process of claim 62, wherein the catalyst is Pd (OAc) 2, the base is potassium carbonate, and the solvent is DMF.The process of any one of claims 61–63, wherein R is H, and PG4 is Boc.The process of any one of claims 61–63, wherein R is PG3, and PG4 is Boc.The process of claim 65, wherein PG3 is TBS.The process of any one of claims 62-66, wherein compound 21a or 21b is prepared by coupling compound 22 and compound 23a or 23b in the presence of coupling reagents and a solvent:wherein PG4 is an amine protecting group, and PG3 is a hydroxyl protecting group that is stable under conditions that remove protecting group PG4.The process of claim 67, wherein the coupling reagents are HBTU and DIPEA, the solvent is N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) .The process of claim 67 or claim 68, wherein R is H and PG4 is Boc.The process of claim 67 or claim 68, wherein R is PG3 and PG4 is Boc.The process of claim 70, wherein R is TBS and PG4 is Boc.The process of any one of claims 55-71, wherein compound 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is prepared by a process that comprises hydrolysis of the corresponding alkyl ester 24:wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 72, wherein compound 24 is prepared by subjecting compound 25 to acetal-forming conditions:wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of any one of claims 72-73, wherein each R1 is methyl.The process of claim 73 or claim 74, wherein the actetal-forming conditions comprise reaction of compound 25 with trialkyl orthoformate in the presence of an acid in a solvent.The process of claim 75, wherein the actetal-forming conditions comprise reaction of compound 25 with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of toluene sulfonic acid in methanol.The process of any one of claims 73-76, wherein compound 25 is prepared by subjecting compound 26 to oxidation conditions:wherein R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 77, wherein the oxidation conditions comprise Dess-Martin periodane and pyridine in dichloromethane solvent.The process of claim 77 or claim 78, wherein compound 26 is prepared by subjecting acid 27 to esterification conditions:wherein R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 79, wherein the esterification conditions comprise reaction with thionyl chloride and a C1-C4 alkyl alcohol.The process of any one of claims 72 –80, wherein R2 is methyl.The process of any one of claims 79 –81, wherein compound 27 is prepared by deprotecting compound 28 under acidic conditions in the presence of acid and solvent:wherein PG5 is an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group, and M+ is an alkali metal ion.The process of claim 82, wherein PG5 is trityl and M+ is sodium ion.The process of claim 82 or claim 83, wherein the acid is aqueous HCl and the solvent is THF.The process of any one of claims 82-84, wherein compound 28 is prepared by alkylation of compound 29 in the presence of a base, a solvent, and an isopropyl alkylating agent, followed by saponification:wherein PG5 is an acid labile hydroxy protecting group, R3 is C1-C4 alkyl, and M+ is an alkali metal ion.The process of claim 85, wherein the base is potassium t-butoxide, the isopropyl alkylating agent is 2-idodopropane, and the solvent is THF.The process of any one of claims 85-86, wherein compound 29 is prepared by Mitsunobu reaction between compound 30 and compound 31 in the presence of Mitsunobu reagents and solvent:wherein PG5 is an acid labile hydroxy protecting group, and R3 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 87, wherein the Mitsunobu reagents comprise triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and the solvent comprises THF.The process of any one of claims 82-88, wherein PG5 is trityl and R3 is methyl.The process of any one of claims 55-71, wherein compound 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is prepared by a process that comprises coupling compound 32 and compound 33 under Mitsunobu conditions in the presence of Mitsunobu reagents and solvent, followed by saponification of the resulting ester,wherein each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 90, wherein the Mitsunobu reagents comprise triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and the solvent comprises THF.The process of claim 90 or claim 91, wherein the saponification conditions comprise aqueous potassium hydroxide.The process of any one of claim 90-92, wherein compound 32 is prepared by alkylating compound 34 with an isopropyl alkylating agent in the presence of base and solvent, followed by removing protecting group PG6 in the presence of aqueous acid and solvent:wherein PG6 is an acid labile protecting group, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 93, wherein the base is potassium t-butoxide, the isopropyl alkylating agent is 2-iodopropane, and the solvent used in the alkylation reaction is DMF.The process of claim 92 or claim 93, wherein the aqueous acid is hydrochloric acid and the solvent THF.The process of any one of claims 92-94, wherein compound 34 is prepared by reacting compound 35 with a protecting group reagent (PG6) in the presence of a base and a solvent:wherein PG6 is an acid labile protecting group, and R2 is C1-C4 alkyl.The process of claim 95, wherein the PG6 reagent is t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBSCl) , the base is imidazole, and the solvent is DMF.A process for preparing compound 2b, wherein the process comprises oxidizing compound 36 with an oxidizing agent in a solvent:wherein PG3 is an acid-labile hydroxy protecting group.The process of claim 97, wherein the oxidizing agent is 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid and the solvent is acetonitrile.The process of claim 97 or claim 98, wherein PG3 is t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) .The process of any one of claims 97-99, wherein compound 36 is prepared by reacting compound 37 with base in an alcohol solvent:wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group.The process of claim 100, wherein the base is diethylamine and the alcohol solvent is methanol.The process of claim 100 or claim 101, wherein compound 37 is prepared by reacting compound 38 with a protecting group reagent (PG3 reagent) in the presence of base and solvent:wherein PG3 is a hydroxy protecting group.The process of claim 102, wherein the PG3 reagent is TBS-Cl, PG3 is t-butyldimethylsilyl, the base is imidazole, and the solvent is dichloromethane.The process of claim 102 or claim 103, wherein compound 38 is prepared by fractional crystallization of compound 39 from a solvent:The process of claim 104, wherein the solvent is isopropyl alcohol.The process of claim 104 or claim 105, wherein compound 39 is prepared by deprotection of compound 40 in the presence of PG7 removal agent and solvent:wherein PG7 is an acid-or fluoride ion labile protecting group.The process of claim 106, wherein PG7 is TBS, the PG7 removal agent is triethylamine trihydrofluoride, and the solvent is THF.The process of claim 106 or claim 107, wherein the compound 40 is prepared by esterification of compound 41 by reaction with p-nitrobenzoylation reagents in the presence of base and solvent:wherein PG7 is an acid-or fluoride ion labile protecting group.The process of claim 108, wherein the p-nitrobenzoylation reagent is p-nitrobenzoyl chloride, the base is triethyl amine, and the solvent is dichloromethane.The process of claim 108 or claim 109, wherein PG7 is TBS.