Antenna unit, base station antenna and base station system

Abstract

Provided is an antenna unit (30), comprising: a reflective ground plane (31); a first radiating element unit (32), comprising a first radiating element (321) located on one side of the reflective ground plane (31) and a first metasurface structure (322), the first metasurface structure (322) comprising a plurality of first metasurface units (325); and a second radiating element unit (33), comprising a second radiating element (331) located on one side of the reflective ground plane (31) and a second metasurface structure (332), the second metasurface structure (332) comprising a plurality of second metasurface units (335). In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first metasurface structure (322) and the second metasurface structure (332) respectively form with the reflective ground plane (31) a first resonant cavity and a second resonant cavity, so as to achieve in-phase superposition of corresponding electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the gain effect of the first radiating element unit (32) and the second radiating element unit (33). In this way, input power can be reduced while ensuring beam coverage, thereby achieving the effect of reducing power consumption.

Description

Antenna unit, base station antenna and base station system Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to an antenna element, a base station antenna, and a base station system. Background Technology

[0002] With 5G entering commercial use and 5G base stations being deployed on a large scale, reducing base station operating costs has become a hot topic in the industry. Electricity costs are a significant expense among base station operating costs, and news reports frequently surface about operators shutting down base stations when user traffic is low. In response to this issue, many antenna manufacturers and researchers have proposed the concept of green antennas in recent years. One characteristic of green antennas is that they have lower input power, or lower power consumption, within the same beam coverage area. Therefore, effectively reducing antenna power consumption has become a key area of ​​further research.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an antenna element, a base station antenna, and a base station system.

[0005] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an antenna element is provided, comprising:

[0006] Reflective flooring;

[0007] The first oscillator unit includes a first radiating oscillator and a first metasurface structure. The first radiating oscillator is positioned on one side of the reflective floor, and the first metasurface structure is located on the side of the first radiating oscillator away from the reflective floor. The first metasurface structure includes a plurality of first metasurface units spaced apart.

[0008] The second oscillator unit includes a second radiating oscillator and a second metasurface structure. The second radiating oscillator and the first radiating oscillator are confined on the same side of the reflective floor. The second metasurface structure is located on the side of the second radiating oscillator away from the reflective floor. The second metasurface structure includes a plurality of second metasurface units spaced apart.

[0009] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the orthographic projections of the plurality of first metasurface elements and the plurality of second metasurface elements on the reflector floor do not overlap, and the orthographic projections of the first metasurface elements and the second metasurface elements are distributed in an interleaved manner.

[0010] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure are located on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate, and a plurality of the first metasurface elements and a plurality of the second metasurface elements form a tiled pattern.

[0011] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, a plurality of first metasurface elements are divided into a plurality of groups of first metasurface elements, and a plurality of second metasurface elements are divided into a plurality of groups of second metasurface elements;

[0012] Each group of first metasurface units and each group of second metasurface units are arranged in a ring. The area of ​​one of the first metasurface units and the area of ​​the second metasurface unit decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring, while the area of ​​the other increases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0013] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure are located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates.

[0014] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, a plurality of first metasurface elements are divided into a plurality of groups of first metasurface elements, and a plurality of second metasurface elements are divided into a plurality of groups of second metasurface elements;

[0015] Each group of first metasurfaces and each group of second metasurfaces are arranged in a ring shape. The area of ​​one of the first metasurface units and the area of ​​the second metasurface unit decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring, and / or the area of ​​the other increases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0016] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the outer contour shapes and the area enclosed by the outer contours of the plurality of first metasurface elements are the same, the outer contour shapes and the area enclosed by the outer contours of the plurality of second metasurface elements are the same, and the area enclosed by the outer contours of the first metasurface elements is greater than the area enclosed by the outer contours of the second metasurface elements.

[0017] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first radiating element includes a first radiator whose orthogonal projection on the reflector floor forms an annular region with a notch, and the second radiating element includes a second radiator whose orthogonal projection on the reflector floor is located within the annular region.

[0018] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the antenna element includes two second vibrating element units;

[0019] The two second oscillator units are located on different sides of the first oscillator unit in the first direction, and on the same side of the first oscillator unit in the second direction;

[0020] The orthographic projections of the two second metasurface structures on the reflective floor overlap with the orthographic projections of the first metasurface structure on the reflective floor, and the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction and parallel to the reflective floor.

[0021] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the outer contour shapes and the area enclosed by the outer contours of the plurality of first metasurface elements are the same, the outer contour shapes and the area enclosed by the outer contours of the plurality of second metasurface elements are the same, and the area enclosed by the outer contours of the first metasurface elements is greater than the area enclosed by the outer contours of the second metasurface elements.

[0022] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface element and the second metasurface element are both rotationally symmetric structures, and the plurality of the first metasurface elements and the plurality of the second metasurface elements are arranged in a square array.

[0023] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the difference between the number of rows of the first metasurface element and the number of rows of the second metasurface element is 1.

[0024] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface element is an octagonal structure with eight interior angles of 135 degrees, the second metasurface element is a regular quadrilateral structure, and one side length of the first metasurface element is equal to the side length of the second metasurface element.

[0025] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface element has a regular octagonal structure.

[0026] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the number of rows of the first metasurface element is greater than or equal to 3, and each of the four sides of the first metasurface structure has a centrally located first opening, the first opening being a region corresponding to one or more of the first metasurface elements.

[0027] And / or the number of rows of the second metasurface unit is greater than or equal to 3, and each of the four sides of the second metasurface structure has a centrally located second opening, the second opening being a region corresponding to one or more of the second metasurface units.

[0028] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface element has 6 rows and the second metasurface element has 5 rows.

[0029] The first metasurface units in the first and sixth rows, as well as the first metasurface units in the first and sixth columns, each have a centrally located first opening, and the first opening is the area corresponding to the two first metasurface units.

[0030] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, each of the four corners of the first metasurface structure has a first notch, and the first notch is a region corresponding to one or more of the first metasurface elements;

[0031] And / or each of the four corners of the second metasurface structure has a second notch, the second notch being a region corresponding to one or more of the second metasurface units.

[0032] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface element has 8 rows and the second metasurface element has 7 rows.

[0033] The first metasurface structure has a first notch at each of its four corners, and the first notch corresponds to the area of ​​three first metasurface units. The second metasurface structure has a second notch at each of its four corners, and the second notch corresponds to the area of ​​one second metasurface unit.

[0034] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface element and the second metasurface element are respectively a regular hexagonal structure and an equilateral triangle structure with equal side lengths;

[0035] Multiple second metasurface units are arranged in an X-shape, and their orthogonal projection on the reflecting floor forms four partitioned regions, with multiple first metasurface units densely packed within the four partitioned regions.

[0036] According to any of the antenna elements described in this disclosure, the first metasurface element and the second metasurface element are respectively a regular quadrilateral structure and an equilateral triangle structure with equal side lengths;

[0037] The plurality of first metasurface units include multiple groups of first metasurface units, each group of first metasurface units is arranged in a ring, and the multiple groups of first metasurface units are nested in sequence, with the vertices of two adjacent groups of first metasurface units being set close to each other;

[0038] The innermost group of first metasurface units includes a first filling region forming a triangle, and multiple second filling regions are formed between each group of first metasurface units, with multiple second metasurface units densely packed in the first filling region and multiple second filling regions.

[0039] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a base station antenna is provided, comprising: a base plate, and a plurality of antenna elements arrayed on the base plate;

[0040] The plurality of antenna elements arranged at intervals in the row direction include a first antenna element, which is an antenna element as described in one aspect above.

[0041] According to any of the base station antennas described in this disclosure, the first antenna element includes a first element unit and a second element unit;

[0042] The plurality of antenna elements in the line direction also include a second antenna element, which is arranged alternately with the first antenna element. The second antenna element is an antenna element including a reflector ground and a third radiating element, and the operating frequency of the third radiating element is the same as that of the second radiating element.

[0043] According to any of the base station antennas described in this disclosure, at least a portion of the second antenna element further includes a third metasurface structure located on the side of the third radiating element away from the reflector floor.

[0044] According to any of the base station antennas described in this disclosure, the first antenna element includes one first antenna element and two second antenna elements, wherein the second antenna elements of two adjacent rows of the first antenna elements are located on the side of the first antenna elements that are close to each other.

[0045] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a base station system is provided, including the base station antenna described in the above aspect.

[0046] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0047] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 2 is a top view of a first metasurface structure provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 3 is a top view of a second metasurface structure provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 4 is a top view of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0052] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of another antenna unit provided in this embodiment.

[0053] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of another antenna unit provided in this embodiment.

[0054] Figure 7 is a top view of a metasurface structure provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 8 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in this embodiment.

[0056] Figure 9 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in this embodiment.

[0057] Figure 10 is a top view of another first metasurface structure provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 11 is a top view of another second metasurface structure provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] Figure 12 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0060] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of another antenna element provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0061] Figure 14 is a top view of another antenna element provided in this embodiment.

[0062] Figure 15 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in this embodiment.

[0063] Figure 16 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0064] Figure 17 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0065] Figure 18 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0066] Figure 19 is a top view of another first metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0067] Figure 20 is a top view of another second metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0068] Figure 21 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0069] Figure 22 is a top view of another first metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0070] Figure 23 is a top view of another second metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0071] Figure 24 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in this embodiment.

[0072] Figure 25 is a top view of another metasurface structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0073] Figure 26 is a top view of a base station antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0074] Figure 27 is a top view of another base station antenna provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0075] Figure 28 is a low-frequency radiation pattern of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0076] Figure 29 is a high-frequency radiation pattern of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0077] Figure 30 is a top view of another base station antenna provided in this embodiment.

[0078] Figure 31 is a top view of another base station antenna provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0079] Reference numerals: 100, Base station antenna; 10, Base plate; 20, Antenna element; 30, Antenna unit; 21, First antenna element; 22, Second antenna element; 221, Third radiating element; 222, Third metasurface structure; 31, Reflector ground plane; 32, First element unit; 33, Second element unit; 34, Dielectric substrate; 321, First radiating element; 322, First metasurface structure; 323, First feed balun; 324, First radiator; 325, First metasurface unit; 326, First opening; 327, First notch; 331, Second radiating element; 332, Second metasurface structure; 333, Second feed balun; 334, Second radiator; 335, Second metasurface unit; 336, Second opening; 337, Second notch. Detailed Implementation

[0080] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore detailed descriptions of them will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0081] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0082] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0083] Figure 1 illustrates a structural schematic diagram of an antenna element 30 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 2 illustrates a top view of a first metasurface structure 322 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 3 illustrates a top view of a second metasurface structure 332 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0084] As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the antenna element 30 includes: a reflector 31, a first dipole element 32, and a second dipole element 33. The first dipole element 32 includes a first radiating dipole 321 and a first metasurface structure 322. The second dipole element 33 includes a second radiating dipole 331 and a second metasurface structure 332. The first radiating dipole 321 is positioned on one side of the reflector 31, and the first metasurface structure 322 is located on the side of the first radiating dipole 321 away from the reflector 31. The first metasurface structure 322 includes a plurality of spaced-apart first metasurface elements 325. The second radiating dipole 331 is positioned on the same side of the reflector 31 as the first radiating dipole 321, and the second metasurface structure 332 is located on the side of the second radiating dipole 331 away from the reflector 31. The second metasurface structure 332 includes a plurality of spaced-apart second metasurface elements 335.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first radiating element 321 radiates electromagnetic waves of a first frequency, and the second radiating element 331 radiates electromagnetic waves of a second frequency. A first resonant cavity corresponding to the first radiating element 321 is formed by the first metasurface structure 322 and the reflective ground plane 31, and a second resonant cavity corresponding to the second radiating element 331 is formed by the second metasurface structure 332 and the reflective ground plane 31. Under the action of the first and second resonant cavities, it is convenient to achieve in-phase superposition of electromagnetic waves of the first and second frequencies, respectively, thereby simultaneously improving the gain of the first element 32 and the second element 33. Thus, based on the high gain of the antenna element 30, the input power can be reduced while ensuring the beam coverage range, thereby achieving the effect of reducing power consumption. Furthermore, the combined arrangement of the first radiating element 321 and the second radiating element 331 realizes the multi-frequency effect of the antenna element 30, that is, it achieves the reliability of the antenna element 30 operating in different frequency bands.

[0086] The first radiating oscillator 321 is a low-frequency radiating oscillator, and the first frequency is the operating frequency of the first radiating oscillator 321. Low-frequency electromagnetic waves can be radiated through the first radiating oscillator 321. The first radiating oscillator 321 can achieve dual polarization, circular polarization, etc., of low-frequency electromagnetic waves. The specific structure of the first radiating oscillator 321 can be found in related technologies. For example, the first radiating oscillator 321 is a bowl-shaped radiating oscillator, specifically including a first feed balun 323 and a first radiator 324, with the first radiator 324 forming a ring structure with a notch. The operating frequency band of the first radiating oscillator 321 can be the 700MHz band or the 900MHz band. For example, the operating frequencies of the first radiating oscillator 321 are 703MHz, 723MHz, 743MHz, 763MHz, 783MHz, 803MHz, 885MHz, 900MHz, 920MHz, 940MHz, and 960MHz.

[0087] The second radiating oscillator 331 is a high-frequency radiating oscillator, and the second frequency is the operating frequency of the second radiating oscillator 331. High-frequency electromagnetic waves can be radiated through the second radiating oscillator 331. The second radiating oscillator 331 can achieve dual polarization, circular polarization, etc., of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The specific structure of the second radiating oscillator 331 can be found in related technologies. For example, the second radiating oscillator 331 is a die-cast radiating oscillator, specifically including a second feed balun 333 and a second radiator 334, where the second radiator 334 is a die-cast radiating patch. The operating frequency band of the second radiating oscillator 331 can be the 1800MHz band. For example, the operating frequencies of the second radiating oscillator 331 are 1710MHz, 1720MHz, 1740MHz, 1760MHz, 1780MHz, 1800MHz, 1820MHz, 1830MHz, etc.

[0088] Furthermore, the first radiating oscillator 321 and the first metasurface structure 322 can be positioned such that the center of the first radiating oscillator 321 and the surface center of the first metasurface structure 322 are directly opposite each other along the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31, i.e., the line connecting the center of the first radiating oscillator 321 and the surface center of the first metasurface structure 322 is parallel to the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31; alternatively, the center of the first radiating oscillator 321 and the surface center of the first metasurface structure 322 can be offset along the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31, i.e., the line connecting the center of the first radiating oscillator 321 and the surface center of the first metasurface structure 322 intersects the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31. Since the relative positions of the first metasurface structure 322 and the first radiating oscillator 321 differ, the beam direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first oscillator unit 32 also differs. Therefore, the position of the first metasurface structure 322 can be adjusted by changing the beam deflection direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first oscillator unit 32, thereby ensuring the directional effect of the beam.

[0089] Correspondingly, for the second radiating oscillator 331 and the second metasurface structure 332, the center of the oscillator of the second radiating oscillator 331 and the center of the surface of the second metasurface structure 332 can be directly opposite each other along the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31, that is, the line connecting the center of the oscillator of the second radiating oscillator 331 and the center of the surface of the second metasurface structure 332 is parallel to the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31; or the center of the oscillator of the second radiating oscillator 331 and the center of the surface of the second metasurface structure 332 can be staggered along the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31, that is, the line connecting the center of the oscillator of the second radiating oscillator 331 and the center of the surface of the second metasurface structure 332 intersects the thickness direction of the reflective floor 31.

[0090] Furthermore, the theoretical height of the first resonant cavity formed by the first metasurface structure 322 and the reflective ground 31, and the theoretical height of the second resonant cavity formed by the second metasurface structure 332 and the reflective ground 31, can be calculated according to the following formula.

[0091] In the above formula, h refers to the height of the resonant cavity, and φ R This refers to the reflection phase of a metasurface structure, which can be obtained through simulation testing, φ. G This refers to the reflection phase of the reflective floor 31, typically taken as 180 degrees, and λ refers to the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the radiating oscillator. Specifically, h refers to the height of the first resonant cavity, and correspondingly φ R λ refers to the reflection phase of the first metasurface structure 322, and λ refers to the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the first radiating oscillator 321; or h refers to the height of the second resonant cavity, and φ accordingly. R λ refers to the reflection phase of the second metasurface structure 332, and λ refers to the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the second radiating oscillator 331.

[0092] After determining the heights of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity respectively through the above methods, that is, after determining the theoretical heights (the theoretical distance between the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 and the reflective ground 31), the theoretical heights of the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 can be adjusted based on actual simulation tests, so that the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located at different heights, or the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located at the same height.

[0093] When the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located at different heights, they can be located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates 34; or they can be located on different surfaces of the same dielectric substrate 34. When the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located at the same height, they can be located on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate 34.

[0094] The dielectric substrate 34 supporting the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 can be a commonly used PCB insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber laminate, phenolic paper laminate, or phenolic glass cloth laminate, or it can be a rigid material with low microwave loss such as quartz or glass. The dielectric substrate 34 can be a single-layer board structure or a multi-layer composite board structure. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 34 supporting the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 can be greater than or equal to 2.2 and less than or equal to 4.0, and the thickness can be greater than or equal to 0.254 mm and less than or equal to 6.35 mm. For example, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 34 carrying the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 is 2.2, 2.6, 3.0, 3.4, 3.8, 4.0, etc., and the thickness is 0.254 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 6.35 mm, etc.

[0095] It should be noted that when the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates 34, the two dielectric substrates 34 bearing the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are spaced apart in the thickness direction of the reflective ground plane 31; or the two dielectric substrates 34 bearing the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are bonded together, and the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are respectively supported on the same side of the two dielectric substrates 34 in the thickness direction of the reflective ground plane 31, or respectively supported on opposite sides of the two dielectric substrates 34 in the thickness direction of the reflective ground plane 31. Furthermore, the dielectric substrates 34 bearing the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 can be fixed to the reflective ground plane 31 by plastic pillars, so that the first metasurface structure 322, the second metasurface structure 332, and the reflective ground plane 31 respectively form resonant cavities.

[0096] In some embodiments, the reflective floor 31 includes a dielectric substrate 34 and a grounded metal layer stacked together. Thus, a first resonant cavity corresponding to the first radiating oscillator 321 can be formed by the grounded metal layer and the first metasurface structure 322, and a second resonant cavity corresponding to the second radiating oscillator 331 can be formed by the grounded metal layer and the second metasurface structure, thereby achieving the reflection and superposition of low-frequency electromagnetic waves and high-frequency electromagnetic waves, respectively.

[0097] The dielectric substrate 34 can be a commonly used PCB insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber laminate, phenolic paper laminate, or phenolic glass cloth laminate, or it can be a rigid material with low microwave loss such as quartz or glass. Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 34 can be a single-layer board structure or a multi-layer composite board structure.

[0098] The grounding metal layer can be made of low-resistance, low-loss metals such as copper, gold, or silver, and can be fabricated using methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, or electroplating. Furthermore, the grounding metal layer can be located on the side of the dielectric substrate 34 closest to the first radiating element 321 and the second radiating element 331, or it can be located on the side of the dielectric substrate 34 furthest from the first radiating element 321 and the second radiating element 331. Additionally, the grounding metal layer has clearance holes corresponding to the first radiating element 321 and the second radiating element 331, so that the low-frequency feed line and the high-frequency feed line can be connected to the first radiating element 321 and the second radiating element 331 respectively along the clearance holes on the metal grounding layer.

[0099] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the orthographic projections of the plurality of first metasurface units 325 and the plurality of second metasurface units 335 on the reflective floor 31 do not overlap, and the orthographic projections of the first metasurface units 325 and the second metasurface units 335 are interleaved.

[0100] Thus, by using the insertion holes of the first metasurface unit 325 included in the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface unit 335 included in the second metasurface structure 332, the influence of the first metasurface unit 325 on the second radiating element 331 and the influence of the second metasurface unit 335 on the first radiating element 321 can be reduced or even avoided, that is, the crosstalk between the first element unit 32 and the second element unit 33 can be reduced or even avoided, thereby ensuring the multi-frequency gain effect of the antenna unit 30.

[0101] Specifically, the ratio of the aperture area of ​​the first metasurface structure 322 to the aperture area of ​​the first radiating oscillator 321, and the ratio of the aperture area of ​​the second metasurface structure 332 to the aperture area of ​​the second radiating oscillator 331, are both greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.75. For example, the aperture area can be the area of ​​the smallest circumcircle of the corresponding structure; for instance, the aperture area of ​​the first metasurface structure 322 is the area of ​​its smallest circumcircle, and the aperture area of ​​the first radiating oscillator 321 is the area of ​​the smallest circumcircle of the first radiator 324.

[0102] Based on the heights of the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 described above, they can be located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates 34, as shown in Figure 1; or on different surfaces of the same dielectric substrate 34, as shown in Figure 5; or on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate 34, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.

[0103] When the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate 34, as shown in Figure 7, multiple first metasurface units 325 and multiple second metasurface units 335 can form a close-packed pattern based on the insertion hole arrangement. This further weakens the influence of the first metasurface unit 325 on the second radiating element 331, and the influence of the second metasurface unit 335 on the first radiating element 321, thereby ensuring the multi-frequency gain effect of the antenna unit 30.

[0104] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2 or FIG7, the outer contour shapes and the areas enclosed by the outer contours of the plurality of first metasurface units 325 included in the first metasurface structure 322 are all identical. Similarly, as shown in FIG3 or FIG7, the outer contour shapes and the areas enclosed by the outer contours of the plurality of second metasurface units 335 included in the second metasurface structure 332 are all identical. This simplifies the design of the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332, thereby simplifying the structural design of the antenna unit 30.

[0105] The area enclosed by the outer contour of the first metasurface unit 325 is larger than the area enclosed by the outer contour of the second metasurface unit 335. This ensures that the first metasurface unit 325 has a gain effect on the low-frequency first radiating oscillator 321, and the second metasurface unit 335 has a gain effect on the high-frequency second radiating oscillator 331. At the same time, it reduces or even avoids the influence of the first metasurface unit 325 on high-frequency electromagnetic waves and avoids the influence of the second metasurface unit 335 on low-frequency electromagnetic waves, that is, it reduces or even avoids the crosstalk between the first oscillator unit 32 and the second oscillator unit 33.

[0106] For example, as shown in Figure 2 or Figure 7, the first metasurface structure 322 includes multiple first metasurface units 325, all of which are regular octagonal structures with equal area. As shown in Figure 3 or Figure 7, the second metasurface structure 332 includes multiple second metasurface units 335, all of which are regular quadrilateral structures with equal area. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 8, the first metasurface structure 322 includes multiple first metasurface units 325, all of which are regular hexagonal structures with equal area, and the second metasurface structure 332 includes multiple second metasurface units 335, all of which are regular triangular structures with equal area. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 9, the first metasurface structure 322 includes multiple first metasurface units 325, all of which are regular quadrilateral structures with equal area, and the second metasurface structure 332 includes multiple second metasurface units 335, all of which are regular triangular structures with equal area. Thus, by selecting first metasurface unit 325 and second metasurface unit 335 with different shapes and structures, the standing wave parameters and isolation of antenna unit 30 can be adjusted, thereby further optimizing the antenna effect of antenna unit 30.

[0107] In other embodiments, the plurality of first metasurface units 325 are divided into multiple groups of first metasurface units 325, each group of first metasurface units 325 is arranged in a ring, and the area of ​​the first metasurface unit 325 increases or decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0108] Thus, by setting a gradual change in the area of ​​the first metasurface unit 325, the response characteristics of the first metasurface structure 322 to low-frequency electromagnetic waves are realized, thereby ensuring the radiation gain of the first oscillator unit 32.

[0109] The area of ​​the first metasurface unit 325 is the area of ​​the region enclosed by the outer contour of the first metasurface unit 325. For example, as shown in Figure 10, the multiple first metasurface units 325 of the first metasurface structure 322 are divided into four nested first metasurface units 325. The outer contour shape of the first metasurface unit 325 is a regular octagon, and the side length of the regular octagon decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0110] In addition, the multiple second metasurface units 335 are divided into multiple groups of second metasurface units 335, and each group of second metasurface units 335 is distributed in a ring. The area of ​​the second metasurface unit 335 increases or decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0111] Thus, by setting a gradual change in the area of ​​the second metasurface unit 335, the response characteristics of the second metasurface structure 332 to high-frequency electromagnetic waves are realized, thereby ensuring the radiation gain of the second oscillator unit 33.

[0112] The area of ​​the second metasurface unit 335 is the area of ​​the region enclosed by the outer contour of the second metasurface unit 335. For example, as shown in Figure 11, the multiple second metasurface units 335 of the second metasurface structure 332 are divided into a central second metasurface unit 335 and two rings of second metasurface units 335 nested around it. The outer contour of the second metasurface unit 335 is a regular quadrilateral, and the side length of the quadrilateral increases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0113] It should be noted that, in conjunction with the above, the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 are located at different heights, that is, the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates 34, or the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located on different surfaces of the same dielectric substrate 34. In this case, the gradual change in the area of ​​the first metasurface unit 325 and the gradual change in the area of ​​the second metasurface unit 335 can occur alone or simultaneously. When they appear simultaneously, the gradient trends of the area of ​​the first metasurface unit 325 and the area of ​​the second metasurface unit 335 are opposite. For example, as shown in Figure 12, multiple first metasurface units 325 are divided into three nested rings of first metasurface units 325. The outer contour shape of the first metasurface unit 325 is a regular octagon, and the side length of the regular octagon decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring. Multiple second metasurface units 335 are divided into a second metasurface unit 335 located at the center and two nested rings of second metasurface units 335 on the periphery. The outer contour shape of the second metasurface unit 335 is a regular quadrilateral, and the side length of the regular quadrilateral increases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0114] Furthermore, in conjunction with the above, when the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 are located at the same height, that is, on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate 34, in order to ensure that the multiple first metasurface units 325 and the multiple second metasurface units 335 form a tiling pattern, the area of ​​one of the first metasurface units 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 must decrease from the inner ring to the outer ring, and the area of ​​the other must increase from the inner ring to the outer ring.

[0115] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the orthographic projection of the first radiator 324 of the first radiating element 321 onto the reflective floor 31 forms an annular region with a notch (not shown in the figure), and the orthographic projection of the second radiating element 334 of the second radiating element 331 onto the reflective floor 31 is located within the annular region.

[0116] Thus, by nesting the first radiator 324 and the second radiator 334, the integration of the first radiating element 321 and the second radiating element 331 is improved, while also facilitating the miniaturization of the antenna unit 30.

[0117] Specifically, the ratio of the aperture area of ​​the first metasurface structure 322 to the aperture area of ​​the first radiating oscillator 321, and the ratio of the aperture area of ​​the second metasurface structure 332 to the aperture area of ​​the second radiating oscillator 331, are both greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.75. For example, the aperture area can be the area of ​​the smallest circumcircle of the corresponding structure; for instance, the aperture area of ​​the first metasurface structure 322 is the area of ​​its smallest circumcircle, and the aperture area of ​​the first radiating oscillator 321 is the area of ​​the smallest circumcircle of the first radiator 324.

[0118] In addition, in conjunction with the above, as shown in Figure 1, the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates 34; or as shown in Figure 5, the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located on different surfaces of the same dielectric substrate 34; or as shown in Figure 6, the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 are located on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate 34.

[0119] In other embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the antenna element 30 includes two second dipole elements 33; the two second dipole elements 33 are located on different sides of the first dipole element 32 in the first direction X, and on the same side of the first dipole element 32 in the second direction Y; the orthographic projections of the two second metasurface structures 332 on the reflector 31 overlap with the orthographic projections of the first metasurface structure 322 on the reflector 31, and the first direction X is orthogonal to the second direction Y and parallel to the reflector 31.

[0120] Thus, by setting the first oscillator unit 32 and the second oscillator unit 33 side by side independently, the influence of the first metasurface unit 325 on the second radiating oscillator 331, and the influence of the second metasurface unit 335 on the first radiating oscillator 321 are weakened, that is, the crosstalk between the first oscillator unit 32 and the second oscillator unit 33 is reduced or even avoided, thereby ensuring the multi-frequency gain effect of the antenna unit 30.

[0121] The ratio of the aperture area of ​​the first metasurface structure 322 to the aperture area of ​​the first radiating oscillator 321, and the ratio of the aperture area of ​​the second metasurface structure 332 to the aperture area of ​​the second radiating oscillator 331, are both greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.75. The definition of aperture area can be found in the above-described embodiments.

[0122] In addition, as described above, as shown in Figure 13 or Figure 14, the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 may be located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates 34; or the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 may be located on different surfaces of the same dielectric substrate 34.

[0123] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 are both rotationally symmetric structures, and the plurality of first metasurface units 325 and the plurality of second metasurface units 335 are distributed in a square array.

[0124] Thus, by arranging multiple first metasurface units 325 and multiple second metasurface units 335 in a square array, the design of the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 can be simplified while ensuring the antenna gain of the first oscillator unit 32 and the second oscillator unit 33.

[0125] A rotationally symmetric structure refers to a structure that has a center of rotation and can coincide with the original image after rotating around the center by a certain angle. For example, taking the first metasurface unit 325 as an example, the center of rotation of the first metasurface unit 325 is its center point, and the rotation angle of the first metasurface unit 325 can be 45 degrees, 90 degrees, etc.; taking the second metasurface unit 335 as an example, the center of rotation of the second metasurface unit 335 is its center point, and the rotation angle of the second metasurface unit 335 can be 90 degrees, 120 degrees, etc.

[0126] In this design, the first metasurface unit 325 has the same number of rows and columns, and the second metasurface unit 335 has the same number of rows and columns. Furthermore, taking an example where the first and second metasurface units 325 are interleaved and form a tessellated pattern, the number of rows in the first and second metasurface units 325 can be the same, or the difference between the number of rows in the first and second metasurface units 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 can be 1. Additionally, the number and area of ​​the first and second metasurface units 325, as well as the number and area of ​​the second metasurface units 335, can be determined based on the specific simulation design. It is sufficient to ensure that the ratio of the aperture area of ​​the first metasurface structure 322 to the aperture area of ​​the first radiating oscillator 321, and the ratio of the aperture area of ​​the second metasurface structure 332 to the aperture area of ​​the second radiating oscillator 331 are maintained.

[0127] For example, the first metasurface unit 325 has 4 rows and 3 columns, and the second metasurface unit 335 has 3 rows and 3 columns. The interleaved design of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 is shown in Figure 7; or, the first metasurface unit 325 has 2 rows and 2 columns, and the second metasurface unit 335 has 3 rows and 3 columns. The interleaved design of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 is shown in Figure 15; or, the first metasurface unit 325 has 4 rows and 4 columns, and the second metasurface unit 335 has 5 rows and 5 columns. The interleaved design of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 is shown in Figure 16; or, the first metasurface unit 325 has 6 rows and 6 columns, and the second metasurface unit 335 has 5 rows and 5 columns. The interleaved design of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 is shown in Figure 17.

[0128] In some embodiments, for the rotationally symmetric first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335, the first metasurface unit 325 is an octagonal structure with eight interior angles of 135 degrees, the second metasurface unit 335 is a regular quadrilateral structure, and one side length of the first metasurface unit 325 is equal to the side length of the second metasurface unit 335.

[0129] In this way, the side lengths of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 can be flexibly adjusted to further improve the antenna gain of the first dipole unit 32 and the second dipole unit 33, while reducing crosstalk between the first dipole unit 32 and the second dipole unit 33. Furthermore, for the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332 arranged in the same layer, multiple first metasurface units 325 and multiple second metasurface units 335 can be densely arranged through the cooperation of two first metasurface units 325 and one second metasurface unit 335, thus ensuring the multi-frequency gain effect of the antenna unit 30.

[0130] In this design, both the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 are rotationally symmetric structures with a rotation angle of 90 degrees. The first metasurface unit 325 can be an octagonal structure obtained by cutting right angles at the four corners of a regular quadrilateral. The right angles are isosceles triangles, and the base of the isosceles triangle is equal to the side length of the second metasurface unit 335. For example, as shown in Figure 18, the first metasurface structure 322 includes 5 rows and 4 columns of first metasurface units 325, and the second metasurface structure 332 includes 6 rows and 6 columns of second metasurface units 335. The four horizontally and vertically orthogonal sides of the first metasurface unit 325 are of equal length, and the four sides orthogonal at ±45 degrees are of equal length and equal to the side length of the second metasurface unit 335.

[0131] Optionally, the first metasurface unit 325 is a regular octagonal structure, that is, the first metasurface unit 325 is an octagonal structure with eight interior angles of 135 degrees and eight equal side lengths. In this case, the first metasurface unit 325 is a rotationally symmetric structure with a rotation angle of 45 degrees. For example, as shown in Figure 17, the first metasurface structure 322 includes 6 rows and 6 columns of first metasurface units 325, and the second metasurface structure 332 includes 5 rows and 5 columns of second metasurface units 335. The first metasurface unit 325 is a regular octagonal structure, and the second metasurface unit 335 is a regular quadrilateral structure, and the side lengths of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 are equal.

[0132] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG19, each of the four corners (i.e., the end intersections in the row and column directions) of the first metasurface structure 322 has a first notch 327, the first notch 327 being a region corresponding to one or more first metasurface units 325; and / or as shown in FIG20, each of the four corners of the second metasurface structure 332 has a second notch 337, the second notch 337 being a region corresponding to one or more second metasurface units 335.

[0133] Thus, by adjusting the number and arrangement of multiple first metasurface units 325, a first metasurface structure 322 with an outer contour approximating hexagons, octagons, dodecagons, circles, etc., is obtained to be suitable for first radiating oscillators 321 with different structures, thereby effectively ensuring the gain effect of the first oscillator unit 32; similarly, by adjusting the number and arrangement of multiple second metasurface units 335, a second metasurface structure 332 with an outer contour approximating hexagons, octagons, dodecagons, circles, etc., is obtained to be suitable for second radiating oscillators 331 with different structures, thereby effectively ensuring the gain effect of the second oscillator unit 33.

[0134] For example, for the first metasurface structure 322 including multiple first metasurface units 325, as shown in FIG19, the number of rows and columns of the first metasurface units 325 are both 8, and each of the four corners of the first metasurface structure 322 has a first gap 327 formed by three missing first metasurface units 325. For the second metasurface structure 332 including multiple second metasurface units 335, as shown in FIG20, the number of rows and columns of the second metasurface units 335 are both 7, and each of the four corners of the second metasurface structure 332 has a second gap 337 formed by one missing second metasurface unit 335. For the tessellated first metasurface units 325 and second metasurface units 335, as shown in FIG21, the 8-row 8-column first metasurface units 325 and the 7-row 7-column second metasurface units 335 are interleaved, and each of the four corners of the tessellated pattern has a gap formed by three missing first metasurface units 325 and one second metasurface unit 335 (i.e., the first gap 327 and the second gap 337).

[0135] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG22, the number of rows of the first metasurface unit 325 is greater than or equal to 3, and the four sides of the first metasurface structure 322 (i.e., the first metasurface unit 325 in the first n rows, the first n columns, the last n rows, and the last n columns) each have a centrally located first opening 326, the first opening 326 being the region corresponding to one or more first metasurface units 325; and / or as shown in FIG23, the number of rows of the second metasurface unit 335 is greater than or equal to 3, and the four sides of the second metasurface structure 332 (i.e., the second metasurface unit 335 in the first n rows, the first n columns, the last n rows, and the last n columns) each have a centrally located second opening 336, the second opening 336 being the region corresponding to one or more second metasurface units 335, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0136] Thus, by adjusting the number and arrangement of multiple first metasurface units 325, a first metasurface structure 322 with an outer contour approximately in the shape of a four-pointed star is obtained, which is suitable for first radiating oscillators 321 with different structures, thereby effectively ensuring the gain effect of the first oscillator unit 32; similarly, by adjusting the number and arrangement of multiple second metasurface units 335, a second metasurface structure 332 with an outer contour approximately in the shape of a four-pointed star is obtained, which is suitable for second radiating oscillators 331 with different structures, thereby effectively ensuring the gain effect of the second oscillator unit 33.

[0137] For example, for the plurality of first metasurface units 325 included in the first metasurface structure 322, as shown in FIG22, the number of rows and columns of the first metasurface units 325 are both 6, and the four sides of the first metasurface structure 322 (i.e., the first metasurface units 325 in the first row, sixth row, first column and sixth column) each have a first opening 326 formed by two missing first metasurface units 325 in the center. For the plurality of second metasurface units 335 included in the second metasurface structure 332, as shown in FIG23, the number of rows and columns of the second metasurface units 335 are both 5, and the four sides of the second metasurface structure 332 (i.e., the second metasurface units 335 in the first row, fifth row, first column and fifth column) each have a second opening 336 formed by a missing second metasurface unit 335 in the center. As shown in Figure 24, the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 in a 6x6 configuration are interstitial, and the four sides of the tiling pattern (i.e., the first metasurface unit 325 in the first row, sixth row, first column, and sixth column) each have an opening formed by two missing first metasurface units 325 in the center (i.e., the first opening 326); or as shown in Figure 25, the first metasurface unit 325 in a 6x6 configuration and the second metasurface unit 335 in a 5x5 configuration are interstitial, and the four sides of the tiling pattern (i.e., the first metasurface unit 325 in the first row, sixth row, first column, and sixth column, and the second metasurface unit 335 in the first row, fifth row, first column, and fifth column) each have an opening formed by two missing first metasurface units 325 and one second metasurface unit 335 in the center (i.e., the first opening 326 and the second opening 336).

[0138] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the tiling of the plurality of first metasurface units 325 and the plurality of second metasurface units 335 described above can be such that the first metasurface unit 325 is an octagonal structure with all interior angles of 135 degrees and the second metasurface unit 335 is a regular quadrilateral structure, or the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 can be structures of other shapes.

[0139] For example, the first metasurface unit 325 has a regular hexagonal structure and the second metasurface unit 335 has an equilateral triangular structure. In this case, multiple first metasurface units 325 and multiple second metasurface units 335 can be tessellated by cooperating with two first metasurface units 325 and two second metasurface units 335. Alternatively, the first metasurface unit 325 has a regular quadrilateral structure and the second metasurface unit 335 has an equilateral triangular structure. In this case, multiple first metasurface units 325 and multiple second metasurface units 335 can be tessellated by cooperating with two first metasurface units 325 and three second metasurface units 335.

[0140] Taking the first metasurface unit 325 as a regular hexagonal structure and the second metasurface unit 335 as an equilateral triangle structure as an example, as shown in Figure 10, the side lengths of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 are equal; multiple second metasurface units 335 are distributed in an X shape, and their orthogonal projection on the reflecting floor forms four partition areas, with multiple first metasurface units 325 densely packed in the four partition areas.

[0141] For example, as shown in Figure 10, the second metasurface structure 332 includes a central portion and four arms; the central portion includes two second metasurface units 335 with their apex angles facing each other and their bottom edges facing away from each other, and each arm includes multiple second metasurface units 335 arranged linearly, with the apex angles or bottom edges of two adjacent second metasurface units 335 facing each other, and the apex angle of a second metasurface unit 335 located at the end of each arm facing the bottom angle of a second metasurface unit 335 in the central portion.

[0142] In this context, the vertex and base of the second metasurface unit 335 refer to any angle on the equilateral triangle structure and the side corresponding to that angle, respectively.

[0143] Taking the first metasurface unit 325 as a regular hexagonal structure and the second metasurface unit 335 as an equilateral triangle structure as an example, as shown in Figure 11, the side lengths of the first metasurface unit 325 and the second metasurface unit 335 are equal; the multiple first metasurface units 325 are divided into multiple groups of first metasurface units 325, each group of first metasurface units 325 is arranged in a ring, and the multiple groups of first metasurface units 325 are nested in sequence, with the vertices of two adjacent groups of first metasurface units 325 being set close together; the innermost group of first metasurface units 325 includes a first filling area forming a triangle, and multiple second filling areas are formed between each group of first metasurface units 325, with multiple second metasurface units 335 densely distributed in the first filling area and multiple second filling areas.

[0144] For example, as shown in Figure 11, the plurality of first metasurface units 325 include three groups of first metasurface units 325, each group of first metasurface units 325 is arranged in a ring, the three groups of first metasurface units 325 are nested in sequence, and the vertices of two adjacent groups of first metasurface units 325 are arranged close to each other. At this point, the first group of first metasurface units 325, from the inside out, forms a first equilateral triangle filling region. The first group of first metasurface units 325 and the second group of first metasurface units 325 form two second equilateral triangle filling regions. The first group of first metasurface units 325, the second group of first metasurface units 325, and the third group of first metasurface units 325 form three second equilateral triangle filling regions. The second group of first metasurface units 325 and the third group of first metasurface units 325 form a second equilateral triangle filling region. The second group of first metasurface units 325 and the third group of first metasurface units 325 form three second equilateral triangle filling regions with gaps. In this way, multiple second metasurface units 335 are densely distributed in the first and second filling regions formed by multiple first metasurface units 325.

[0145] This disclosure also provides a base station antenna 100, which includes a base plate 10 and a plurality of antenna elements 20 arrayed on the base plate 10.

[0146] As shown in Figure 26, among the multiple antenna elements 20 arranged at intervals in the row direction (i.e., the first direction X mentioned above), there is a first antenna element 21, which is the antenna element 30 described in the above embodiment.

[0147] Thus, based on the antenna element 30 described above, and on the basis of the combined design of the first radiating element 321 and the second radiating element 331, the radiation of multi-frequency electromagnetic waves can be achieved based on a single first antenna element 21, thereby simplifying the structural design of the base station antenna 100 within the available space. In addition, based on the antenna element 30 described above, when using the first antenna element 21, the beam coverage range can be guaranteed by low input power, thereby facilitating the achievement of low input power for the base station antenna 100 and reducing the power consumption of the base station antenna 100.

[0148] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG26, the first antenna element 21 includes a first antenna element 32 and a second antenna element 33; the plurality of antenna elements 20 in the row direction also include a second antenna element 22, which is arranged alternately with the first antenna element 21, and the second antenna element 22 is an antenna element 30 including a reflector 31 and a third radiating element 221.

[0149] In this way, by setting a second antenna element 22 between each two adjacent first antenna elements 21, the spacing between adjacent second radiating elements 331 and third radiating elements 221 in the row direction, as well as the spacing between two adjacent first radiating elements 321, can be guaranteed. This ensures the mutual coupling between multiple first radiating elements 321 in the row direction, as well as the mutual coupling between multiple second radiating elements 331 and multiple third radiating elements 221, thereby ensuring the multi-frequency radiation effect of the base station antenna 100.

[0150] The operating frequency of the third radiating oscillator 221 is the same as that of the second radiating oscillator 331. The structure of the third radiating oscillator 221 may be the same as or different from that of the second radiating oscillator 331 described above; when the structure of the third radiating oscillator 221 is different from that of the second radiating oscillator 331, the specific structure of the third radiating oscillator 221 may refer to relevant technologies, and this disclosure does not limit it.

[0151] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG27, at least a portion of the plurality of second antenna elements 22 further includes a third metasurface structure 222, which is located on the side of the corresponding third radiating element 221 away from the reflector floor 31.

[0152] Thus, by setting the third metasurface structure 222 above the third radiating element 221, a third resonant cavity corresponding to the second antenna element 22 is formed between the third metasurface structure 222 and the reflective ground plane 31, thereby facilitating the improvement of the antenna effect of the second antenna element 22.

[0153] In this case, the third radiating element 221 included in the second antenna element 22 is a high-frequency radiating element. At this time, the high-frequency gain of the base station antenna 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the number of the second antenna elements 22 including the third metasurface structure 222.

[0154] The third metasurface structure 222 can be the same as the second metasurface structure 332 described above. Of course, the third metasurface structure 222 can also be different from the second metasurface structure 332 described above. In this case, the third metasurface structure 222 can refer to related technologies, and the present disclosure does not limit it.

[0155] For example, as shown in Figure 27, the base station antenna 100 includes two rows of antenna elements 20. Each row of antenna elements 20 includes a first antenna element 21 and a second antenna element 22 arranged alternately in sequence, and each second antenna element 22 includes a third radiating element 221 and a third metasurface structure 222.

[0156] Simulation tests were performed on the base station antenna 100 shown in Figure 27, and the low-frequency radiation pattern shown in Figure 28 and the high-frequency radiation pattern shown in Figure 29 were obtained.

[0157] Among them, the low-frequency radiation patterns shown in Figure 28 include radiation patterns G11, G12 and G13 at three low operating frequencies when the first antenna element 21 does not have the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332, and the second antenna element 22 does not have the third metasurface structure 222; and radiation patterns G14, G15 and G16 at two low operating frequencies when the first antenna element 21 includes the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332, and the second antenna element 22 includes the third metasurface structure 222. The high-frequency radiation patterns shown in Figure 29 include radiation patterns G21, G22, and G23 at three high operating frequencies when the first antenna element 21 does not have the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332, and the second antenna element 22 does not have the third metasurface structure 222; and radiation patterns G24, G25, and G26 at three high operating frequencies when the first antenna element 21 includes the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332, and the second antenna element 22 includes the third metasurface structure 222.

[0158] As shown in Figure 28, compared to the first antenna element 21 and the second antenna element 22 without a metasurface structure, the main lobe beam and side lobe beam of the base station antenna 100 with a metasurface structure can achieve compression of 5 to 10 degrees in the low-frequency radiation pattern, while ensuring the low-frequency gain of the main lobe beam and side lobe beam, with a gain improvement of 0.5 to 1 dB. As shown in Figure 29, compared to the first antenna element 21 and the second antenna element 22 without a metasurface structure, the main lobe beam and side lobe beam of the base station antenna 100 with a metasurface structure can achieve compression of 5 to 10 degrees in the high-frequency radiation pattern, while ensuring the high-frequency gain of the main lobe beam and side lobe beam, with a gain improvement of 0.6 to 1 dB.

[0159] Furthermore, as can be seen from Figures 28 and 29, the second metasurface structure 332 and the third metasurface structure 222, which correspond to high frequencies, do not affect the amplification effect of low-frequency beams, and the first metasurface structure 322, which corresponds to low frequencies, does not affect the amplification effect of high-frequency beams. This avoids crosstalk between the first metasurface structure 322 and the second metasurface structure 332. That is, the first metasurface structure 322 will not have a negative impact on the second vibrator element 33 and the second antenna vibrator 22, and the high-frequency metasurface does not have a negative impact on the low-frequency vibrator.

[0160] In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG30, the first antenna element 21 includes a first element 32 and two second elements 33, wherein the second elements 33 of two adjacent rows of first antenna elements 21 are located on the side of the first elements 32 that are close to each other in the column direction (i.e., the second direction Y mentioned above).

[0161] In this way, the spacing between two adjacent second radiating elements 331 and between two adjacent first radiating elements 321 in the row direction can be guaranteed by the sequential arrangement of multiple first antenna elements 21, while the spacing between two adjacent second radiating elements 331 and between two adjacent first radiating elements 321 in the column direction can also be guaranteed. This ensures the mutual coupling between multiple first radiating elements 321 and between multiple second radiating elements 331, thereby ensuring the multi-frequency radiation effect of the base station antenna 100. In addition, the base station antenna 100 composed of the side-by-side combination of first antenna elements 21 can increase the arrangement density of the second element units 33, thereby effectively improving the high-frequency gain effect of the base station antenna 100.

[0162] Specifically, the first antenna element 21 located at the end in the row direction may only have one second antenna element 33, as shown in Figure 31. Among the multiple first antenna elements 21 in the row direction, the two first antenna elements 21 located at both ends only include one second antenna element 33 near the center. Alternatively, the first antenna element 21 located at the end in the row direction may have two second antenna elements 33, as shown in Figure 29. Each first antenna element 21 in the row direction includes two second antenna elements 33.

[0163] This disclosure also provides a base station system including the base station antenna 100 described in the above embodiments. Based on the base station antenna 100, the power consumption of the base station system can be effectively reduced while maintaining low input power.

[0164] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna element, wherein, include: Reflective flooring; The first oscillator unit includes a first radiating oscillator and a first metasurface structure. The first radiating oscillator is positioned on one side of the reflective floor, and the first metasurface structure is located on the side of the first radiating oscillator away from the reflective floor. The first metasurface structure includes a plurality of first metasurface units spaced apart. The second oscillator unit includes a second radiating oscillator and a second metasurface structure. The second radiating oscillator and the first radiating oscillator are confined on the same side of the reflective floor. The second metasurface structure is located on the side of the second radiating oscillator away from the reflective floor. The second metasurface structure includes a plurality of second metasurface units spaced apart.

2. The antenna element as described in claim 1, wherein, The orthographic projections of the plurality of first metasurface units and the plurality of second metasurface units on the reflective floor do not overlap, and the orthographic projections of the first metasurface units and the second metasurface units are distributed in an interleaved manner.

3. The antenna element as described in claim 2, wherein, The first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure are located on the same surface of the same dielectric substrate, and a plurality of the first metasurface units and a plurality of the second metasurface units form a tiled pattern.

4. The antenna element as described in claim 3, wherein, The plurality of first metasurface units are divided into multiple groups of first metasurface units, and the plurality of second metasurface units are divided into multiple groups of second metasurface units; Each group of first metasurface units and each group of second metasurface units are arranged in a ring. The area of ​​one of the first metasurface units and the area of ​​the second metasurface unit decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring, while the area of ​​the other increases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

5. The antenna element as described in claim 2, wherein, The first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure are located on the surfaces of different dielectric substrates.

6. The antenna element as described in claim 5, wherein, The plurality of first metasurface units are divided into multiple groups of first metasurface units, and the plurality of second metasurface units are divided into multiple groups of second metasurface units; Each group of first metasurfaces and each group of second metasurfaces are arranged in a ring shape. The area of ​​one of the first metasurface units and the area of ​​the second metasurface unit decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring, and / or the area of ​​the other increases from the inner ring to the outer ring.

7. The antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein, The outer contour shapes and the areas enclosed by the outer contours of the multiple first metasurface units are all the same, and the outer contour shapes and the areas enclosed by the outer contours of the multiple second metasurface units are all the same, and the area enclosed by the outer contours of the first metasurface units is greater than the area enclosed by the outer contours of the second metasurface units.

8. The antenna element as described in any one of claims 2-6, wherein, The first radiating element, comprising a first radiator, has its orthographic projection on the reflective floor forming an annular region with a notch, and the second radiating element, comprising a second radiator, has its orthographic projection on the reflective floor located within the annular region.

9. The antenna element as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The antenna element includes two second vibrator elements; The two second oscillator units are located on different sides of the first oscillator unit in the first direction, and on the same side of the first oscillator unit in the second direction; The orthographic projections of the two second metasurface structures on the reflective floor overlap with the orthographic projections of the first metasurface structure on the reflective floor, and the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction and parallel to the reflective floor.

10. The antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein, Both the first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are rotationally symmetric structures, and the plurality of the first metasurface units and the plurality of the second metasurface units are distributed in a square array.

11. The antenna element as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The difference between the number of rows of the first metasurface unit and the number of rows of the second metasurface unit is 1.

12. The antenna element as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The first metasurface unit is an octagonal structure with eight interior angles of 135 degrees, and the second metasurface unit is a regular quadrilateral structure, wherein one side length of the first metasurface unit is equal to the side length of the second metasurface unit.

13. The antenna element as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The number of rows of the first metasurface unit is greater than or equal to 3, and each of the four sides of the first metasurface structure has a centrally located first opening, the first opening being a region corresponding to one or more of the first metasurface units. And / or the number of rows of the second metasurface unit is greater than or equal to 3, and each of the four sides of the second metasurface structure has a centrally located second opening, the second opening being a region corresponding to one or more of the second metasurface units.

14. The antenna element as claimed in claim 13, wherein, The first metasurface unit has 6 rows, and the second metasurface unit has 5 rows. The first metasurface units in the first and sixth rows, as well as the first metasurface units in the first and sixth columns, each have a centrally located first opening, and the first opening is the area corresponding to the two first metasurface units.

15. The antenna element as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The four corners of the first metasurface structure each have a first notch, and the first notch is a region corresponding to one or more of the first metasurface units; And / or each of the four corners of the second metasurface structure has a second notch, the second notch being a region corresponding to one or more of the second metasurface units.

16. The antenna element as claimed in claim 15, wherein, The first metasurface unit has 8 rows, and the second metasurface unit has 7 rows. The first metasurface structure has a first notch at each of its four corners, and the first notch corresponds to the area of ​​three first metasurface units. The second metasurface structure has a second notch at each of its four corners, and the second notch corresponds to the area of ​​one second metasurface unit.

17. The antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are a regular hexagonal structure and an equilateral triangle structure with equal side lengths, respectively; Multiple second metasurface units are arranged in an X-shape, and their orthogonal projection on the reflecting floor forms four partitioned regions, with multiple first metasurface units densely packed within the four partitioned regions.

18. The antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The first metasurface unit and the second metasurface unit are a regular quadrilateral structure and an equilateral triangle structure with equal side lengths, respectively; The plurality of first metasurface units include multiple groups of first metasurface units, each group of first metasurface units is arranged in a ring, and the multiple groups of first metasurface units are nested in sequence, with the vertices of two adjacent groups of first metasurface units being set close to each other; The innermost group of first metasurface units includes a first filling region forming a triangle, and multiple second filling regions are formed between each group of first metasurface units, with multiple second metasurface units densely packed in the first filling region and multiple second filling regions.

19. A base station antenna, wherein, include: A base plate, and multiple antenna elements arrayed on the base plate; The plurality of antenna elements arranged at intervals in the row direction include a first antenna element, which is an antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-18.

20. The base station antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein, The first antenna element includes a first element unit and a second element unit; The plurality of antenna elements in the line direction also include a second antenna element, which is arranged alternately with the first antenna element. The second antenna element is an antenna element including a reflector ground and a third radiating element, and the operating frequency of the third radiating element is the same as that of the second radiating element.

21. The base station antenna as described in claim 20, wherein, At least a portion of the second antenna element also includes a third metasurface structure located on the side of the third radiating element away from the reflector floor.

22. The base station antenna as described in claim 19, wherein, The first antenna element includes one first antenna element and two second antenna elements, with the second antenna elements of two adjacent rows located on the side of the first antenna elements that are close to each other.

23. A base station system, wherein, Includes the base station antenna as described in any one of claims 19-22.

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