Data transmission method, data transmission indication method, and apparatus

Abstract

A data transmission method, a data transmission indication method, and an apparatus. The method comprises: when a first condition is met, a terminal device sends first data to a first network device by means of a dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit or protocol data unit set having a specified priority, wherein the first data is used for performing at least one of training a first model and supervising the first model, and the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

Description

Data transmission method, data transmission indication method and device Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications. Background Technology

[0002] In 3GPP Release 19, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies in communication systems is being studied. The AI / ML framework used in communication systems, like general AI / ML frameworks, includes data collection, model training, derivation, and performance supervision. The data collected, besides being used to train AI / ML models, can also be used to test and supervise the performance of AI / ML models. This is the most fundamental and crucial step in the AI / ML framework, and the content and quality of the collected data have a significant impact on the performance of the AI / ML model.

[0003] For communication systems, the entities used for training AI / ML models may differ depending on the entity applying the AI / ML model. For example, for AI / ML models applied to terminal devices, due to issues such as the size, computing power, storage, and power consumption of the terminal devices, training is typically not performed on the terminal devices themselves, but rather on related servers or devices. Therefore, after the terminal device collects the data for AI / ML model training, it needs to transfer this data to a server or device capable of performing AI / ML model training. Higher-level network devices in the communication system, such as the core network (CN) or operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) system, may have the function of generating, training, and maintaining AI / ML models, or may have interfaces or pathways with servers or devices capable of AI / ML model training. Therefore, they can be responsible for managing AI / ML model training, for example, by collecting data from the terminal devices and directly training the AI / ML model, or by transferring this data to a server or device capable of performing AI / ML model training.

[0004] On the one hand, unlike existing terminal device reports, this data may only be used for AI / ML models on the terminal device side and does not require processing by the radio access network (RAN) network devices. On the other hand, for the protection of data privacy and security, the RAN network devices may not be allowed to read, process or use this data. Therefore, the content or process of receiving this data collected by the terminal device by the higher-level network devices may be invisible to the RAN network devices.

[0005] According to 3GPP's work progress, the standardization of data collection for AI / ML models on the terminal device side needs to meet the following requirements: the MNO (Mobile Network Operator) must have full control over the data collection and transmission process, and the MNO must be able to manage the transmission of data from the terminal device to the relevant server. Whether through the CN (Network Network) or OAM (Operational Information Center), data collected by the terminal device can be received through the user plane channel; therefore, this data collection process may be transparent to the RAN (Radio Network Equipment) network equipment.

[0006] It should be noted that the above introduction to the technical background is only for the purpose of providing a clear and complete explanation of the technical solutions of this application and facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art. It should not be assumed that these technical solutions are known to those skilled in the art simply because they have been described in the background section of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To train AI / ML models or functions for use on terminal devices, these devices need to collect the necessary training data and transmit it to higher-level network equipment. The higher-level network equipment then executes or assists in training the AI / ML model. Based on the discussions at the 3GPP RAN106 plenary meeting, future research will focus on the impact on RAN-related aspects when terminal devices transmit collected data to higher-level network equipment via the user plane tunnel (UP tunnel), and the extent to which NG-RAN participates in controlling and configuring the data collected by the terminal devices.

[0008] When a terminal device sends data through the UP channel, it needs to determine the corresponding Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session, the user plane GPRS Channel Protocol (GTP-U) channel, the Quality of Service (QoS) flow, and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB), among other relevant information. Currently, terminal devices can obtain this information and use the UP channel to transmit data. Different types or services of data may need to be mapped to different PDU sessions, QoS flows, and DRBs for transmission to meet the priorities and quality requirements of different data transmissions and facilitate the management of different data types.

[0009] In order to train AI / ML models for use on terminal devices, the terminal devices need to transmit the collected training data to higher-level network devices through the UP channel. The content of this data is newly introduced for AI / ML related functions. In the existing technology of transmitting data through the UP channel, the transmission of training data related to AI / ML models is not considered.

[0010] To ensure the quality of AI / ML model training, a large amount of relevant data from different terminal devices is usually required to be transmitted to the entity training the AI / ML model. The amount of data is also related to the complexity of the AI / ML model. Highly complex AI / ML models may require more data, which may put great pressure on the transmission paths between terminal devices and RAN network devices, as well as between RAN network devices and higher-level network devices. Currently, there are no specific standards for transmitting AI / ML model training data, which is very likely to cause transmission congestion and affect the transmission of existing services.

[0011] To address one or more of the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, a data transmission indication method, and an apparatus.

[0012] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a data transmission apparatus is provided, the apparatus being applied to a terminal device, the apparatus comprising: a first transmitting unit, which, when a first condition is met, transmits first data to a first network device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with a specified priority, the first data being used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a data transmission apparatus is provided, the apparatus being applied to a first network device, the apparatus comprising: the first network device receiving first data sent by a terminal device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of specified priority, the first data being used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a data transmission indication device is provided, the device being applied to a second network device, the device comprising: the second network device sending seventh information to a terminal device, the seventh information being at least related to first data sent by the terminal device, the first data being used for at least one of training a first model and supervising the first model, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication system is provided, the communication system including at least one of a terminal device, a first network device, and a second network device, the terminal device including a data transmission device according to the embodiments of this application, the first network device including a data transmission device according to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, and the second network device including a data transmission indication device according to yet another aspect of the embodiments of this application.

[0016] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a data transmission method is provided, the method being applied to a terminal device, the method comprising: when a first condition is met, the terminal device sending first data to a first network device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of specified priority, the first data being used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0017] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a data transmission method is provided, the method being applied to a first network device, the method comprising: the first network device receiving first data sent by a terminal device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of specified priority, the first data being used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0018] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a data transmission indication method is provided, the method being applied to a second network device, the method comprising: the second network device sending seventh information to a terminal device, the seventh information being at least related to first data sent by the terminal device, the first data being used for at least one of training a first model and supervising the first model, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0019] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable program is provided, wherein when the program is executed in a data transmission device or terminal device, the program causes the data transmission device or terminal device to perform the data transmission method described in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable program is provided, wherein when the program is executed in a data transmission device or a data transmission indication device or a first network device or a second network device, the program causes the data transmission device or the data transmission indication device or the first network device or the second network device to perform the data transmission method or data transmission indication method described in the embodiments of this application.

[0021] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a storage medium storing a computer-readable program is provided, wherein the computer-readable program causes a data transmission device or terminal device to perform the data transmission method described in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a storage medium storing a computer-readable program is provided, wherein the computer-readable program causes a data transmission device or a data transmission instruction device or a first network device or a second network device to perform the data transmission method or data transmission instruction method described in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] One of the beneficial effects of this application embodiment is that when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority, which takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0024] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0025] Specific embodiments of this application are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings, indicating how the principles of this application can be adopted. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application are not limited in scope. Within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, embodiments of this application include many changes, modifications, and equivalents.

[0026] Features described and / or illustrated for one embodiment may be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments, combined with features in other embodiments, or substituted for features in other embodiments.

[0027] It should be emphasized that the term "including / comprises / has" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, whole, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, or components. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The elements and features described in one drawing or embodiment of this application may be combined with elements and features shown in one or more other drawings or embodiments. Furthermore, in the drawings, similar reference numerals denote corresponding parts in several drawings and can be used to indicate corresponding parts used in more than one embodiment.

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of the specification, are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of this application and illustrate the implementation methods of this application, together with the textual description, to explain the principles of this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system;

[0031] Figure 2 is another schematic diagram of the communication system;

[0032] Figure 3 is another schematic diagram of the communication system;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of the data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission indication method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8 is another schematic diagram of a data transmission device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission indication device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram of the system configuration of a terminal device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of the system configuration of a network device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the foregoing and other features of this application will become apparent from the following description. Specific embodiments of this application are specifically disclosed in the description and drawings, illustrating partial implementations in which the principles of this application may be employed. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the described embodiments; rather, it includes all modifications, variations, and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0042] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish different elements by name, but do not indicate the spatial arrangement or chronological order of these elements, and these elements should not be limited by these terms. The term "and / or" includes any one or more of the terms listed in association and all combinations thereof. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," etc., refer to the presence of the stated features, elements, components, or assemblies, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, or assemblies.

[0043] In the embodiments of this application, the singular forms "a," "the," etc., including the plural forms, should be broadly understood as "a kind" or "a class" rather than limited to the meaning of "an." Furthermore, the term "the" should be understood to include both the singular and plural forms, unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise. Additionally, the term "according to" should be understood as "at least partially based on…," and the term "based on" should be understood as "at least partially based on…," unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, the term "communication network" or "wireless communication network" may refer to a network that conforms to any of the following communication standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), etc.

[0045] Furthermore, communication between devices in a communication system can be carried out according to communication protocols at any stage, including but not limited to the following communication protocols: 1G (generation), 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 4G, 4.5G, as well as 5G, 5G-Advanced, New Radio (NR), 6G, etc., and / or other currently known or future communication protocols.

[0046] In the embodiments of this application, the term "network device" refers, for example, to a device in a communication system that connects a terminal device to a communication network and provides services to that terminal device. Network devices may include, but are not limited to, the following devices: base station (BS), access point (AP), transmission reception point (TRP), broadcast transmitter, mobile management entity (MME), gateway, server, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance), OAM domain nodes, core network, core network domain nodes, core network domain network elements, such as AMF, SMF, UPF, AUSF, UDM, UDR, NSSF, NEF, PCF, NRF, AF, DN, etc.

[0047] Base stations can include, but are not limited to: NodeBs (or NBs), evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs or eNBs), and 5G base stations (gNBs), Centralized Units (CUs), Distributed Units (DUs), etc. They may also include Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), Remote Radio Units (RRUs), relays, or low-power nodes (e.g., femeto, pico, etc.). The term "base station" can encompass some or all of their functions, and each base station can provide communication coverage to a specific geographic area. The term "cell" can refer to a base station and / or its coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0048] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "User Equipment" (UE) or "Terminal Equipment" (TE) refer, for example, to a device that accesses a communication network and receives network services through a network device. A terminal device can be fixed or mobile, and may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), terminal, subscriber station (SS), access terminal (AT), station, etc.

[0049] Terminal devices may include, but are not limited to, the following devices: cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, wireless communication devices, handheld devices, machine-type communication devices, laptops, cordless phones, smartphones, smartwatches, digital cameras, etc.

[0050] For example, in scenarios such as the Internet of Things (IoT), terminal devices can also be machines or devices for monitoring or measurement, such as including but not limited to: machine-type communication (MTC) terminals, vehicle communication terminals, device-to-device (D2D) terminals, machine-to-machine (M2M) terminals, and so on.

[0051] Furthermore, the terms "network side" or "network equipment side" refer to one side of the network, which can be a base station or include one or more network devices as described above. The terms "user side," "terminal side," or "terminal equipment side" refer to the side of the user or terminal, which can be a UE or include one or more terminal devices as described above. Unless otherwise specified, "equipment" can refer to either network equipment or terminal equipment.

[0052] The following examples illustrate the scenarios of embodiments of this application, but this application is not limited thereto.

[0053] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system, illustrating the case of terminal equipment and network equipment as examples. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include a first network equipment 101, a second network equipment 102, and a terminal equipment 103.

[0054] In this embodiment of the application, the first network device 101 may be a higher-level network device, such as a core network (CN) or OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance) or a node within the CN domain or a node within the OAM domain or a network element within the CN domain.

[0055] The second network device 102 can be a network device of the RAN, such as a base station.

[0056] For simplicity, Figure 1 is illustrated using only one terminal device and one second network device as an example, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0057] Figure 2 is another schematic diagram of the communication system, illustrating the situation of terminal equipment and network equipment as examples, as well as the communication between terminal equipment and network equipment.

[0058] As shown in Figure 2, the network-side equipment includes an RU (radio frequency unit) for air interface transmission and reception, and a CU / DU for related radio access (RAN). It also includes core network-related processing units (CT / OAM / related processing units), edge computing-related processing units, and data units related to the core network or RAN side.

[0059] Figure 2 is merely an illustrative example; the relevant equipment units can be deployed in a centralized or distributed manner. Furthermore, the network-side equipment, excluding the RU, considers a hardware-software hybrid device based on a CPU / GPU architecture. The related signal processing extensively utilizes AI / ML models for implementation. The network equipment specifically refers to the equipment corresponding to the air interface-related RAN-side CU / DU units and their connected RU units, forming the traditional base station function, or the network equipment of the new architecture of 6G communication systems. The terminal-side equipment, in addition to the air interface-facing terminal equipment, may also include terminal-related server equipment and related data storage or data management units. The term "terminal-side equipment" here refers to its logical affiliation, not its actual physical location; for example, the terminal-side data unit may also exist within the network-side equipment. Similarly, the terminal-side equipment or the terminal equipment's signal processing unit also extensively utilizes AI / ML models for implementation.

[0060] Figure 3 is another schematic diagram of the communication system. As shown in Figure 3, a UP channel is established between the terminal device and the first network device (the higher-level network device). In this UP channel, data can be transmitted through a PDU session. In addition, the PDU session can contain multiple data radio bearers (DRBs) and multiple quality of service flows (QoS flows) that can be used for data transmission.

[0061] Various embodiments of the present application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0062] First aspect of the embodiments

[0063] This application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a terminal device, such as terminal device 103 in FIG1.

[0064] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, the method includes:

[0065] 401: When the first condition is met, the terminal device sends the first data to the first network device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with a specified priority.

[0066] In the embodiments of this application, the first data is used for at least one of training a first model and supervising the first model. For example, the first data is the input data of the first model and the label or target value corresponding to the input data.

[0067] In this embodiment of the application, the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0068] In the embodiments of this application, the AI / ML model can also be an AI / ML function, an AI / ML model corresponding to an AI / ML function, or an AI / ML model that can support or implement an AI / ML function.

[0069] In this embodiment of the application, the first network device is a higher-level network device, such as a core network (CN), an OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) node, an OAM node, or a CN domain element.

[0070] The second network device is the RAN network device, for example, the second network device is a base station.

[0071] In the embodiments of this application, "specified" can also be referred to as "specific" or "preset", etc.

[0072] In order to train and generate AI / ML models for use on terminal devices and to ensure the communication quality of the AI / ML models, the relevant terminal devices will collect data related to the AI / ML models for training or retraining the AI / ML models, or for supervising the predictive performance of the AI / ML models.

[0073] Due to limitations in size, computing power, storage, and power consumption, and considering the universality of AI / ML models across different terminal devices, the training, generation, and related maintenance and management of AI / ML models on the terminal device side are typically not implemented internally by the terminal device. Instead, they are performed on an entity outside the terminal device that possesses at least one of the functions of training, generating, maintaining, and managing AI / ML models. In this application embodiment, this entity is referred to as an AI / ML entity. This AI / ML entity may reside in a higher-level network device or have an interface or connection path with a higher-level network device. Therefore, the AI / ML entity can obtain data related to the AI / ML model collected by the terminal device through the higher-level network device, such as the first data in this application embodiment.

[0074] In this embodiment of the application, the first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0075] The amount of the first data collected by the terminal device reaches or exceeds a first threshold; for example, the first threshold is a threshold for the terminal device to collect, store or send the first data as indicated by the first network device or the second network device, or the first threshold is the maximum amount of the first data that the terminal device can store or the minimum amount of the first data that it can start sending;

[0076] The remaining energy of the terminal device drops to or below a second threshold, for example, the second threshold is indicated by a second network device, or it may be determined by the terminal device itself;

[0077] The terminal device receives first information from the first network device or the second network device, the first information being used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data; for example, the first information is indicated by the first network device through a user plane channel or NAS message, or the first information is indicated by the second network device through RRC signaling or MAC CE or DCI signaling;

[0078] Since the terminal device last sent the first data according to the first data transmission period, the elapsed time is equal to or exceeds the first data transmission period. For example, the first data transmission period is indicated by second information, which is indicated by the first network device through the user plane channel or NAS message, or by the second network device through RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI signaling.

[0079] The time elapsed since the terminal device last sent the first data according to the update cycle of the first model is equal to or exceeds the update cycle of the first model; for example, the update cycle of the first model is indicated by second information, which is indicated by the first network device through the user plane channel or NAS message, or by the second network device through RRC signaling or MAC CE or DCI signaling.

[0080] The performance metrics of the first model reach or fall below the third threshold. The performance metrics of the first model include evaluation metrics of the prediction results of the first model. For example, the performance metrics of the first model include at least one of the following: accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, mean squared error, root mean squared error (RMSE), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), confusion matrix, log loss, R-squared (R2).

[0081] When the first model is applied, the performance index of the terminal device drops to or below the fourth threshold. For example, the performance index of the terminal device is the performance index of the terminal device communicating by applying the prediction result of the first model, such as bit error rate, latency, speed, etc., such as at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RANK, BLER, MCS, CQI, Throuput, etc.

[0082] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device determines the first condition based on at least one of the following:

[0083] The amount of data collected by the terminal device in the first data;

[0084] The remaining energy of the terminal device;

[0085] The terminal device receives first information from the first network device or the second network device, and the first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data;

[0086] The transmission period of the first data;

[0087] The update cycle of the first model;

[0088] The performance metrics of the first model;

[0089] The performance indicators of this terminal device.

[0090] In this embodiment of the application, the first condition is configured and indicated to the terminal device through the first network device or the second network device.

[0091] In this embodiment of the application, the first condition is indicated to the terminal device by at least one of the following methods:

[0092] The first network device is indicated via the user plane channel;

[0093] The first network device is instructed via NAS signaling;

[0094] The second network device indicates via RRC signaling; wherein, it may also instruct a specific type (specified type) of terminal device to send the collected first data via broadcast messages in RRC signaling, such as SIB, for training a first model specific to that type of terminal device;

[0095] The second network device is instructed via MAC CE signaling;

[0096] The second network device is indicated via DCI signaling.

[0097] In this embodiment of the application, when the first condition is met, the terminal device sends the first data to the first network device through a dedicated user plane channel and / or a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set) with a specified priority, including:

[0098] Method 1: When the first condition is met, the terminal device directly sends the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority without notifying the second network device; or,

[0099] Method 2: When the first condition is met, the terminal device sends the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set) with specified priority, and also sends third information to the second network device to notify the second network device that the terminal device has started sending the first data without waiting for the second network device's instruction or feedback regarding the third information; or,

[0100] Method 3: When the first condition is met, the terminal device sends third information to the second network device and waits for the second network device to send fourth information according to the third information. After receiving the fourth information, the terminal device determines whether to start sending the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or the protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority.

[0101] In this application embodiment, the third information includes at least one of the following:

[0102] The terminal device sends a request for the first data;

[0103] The terminal device transmits relevant information about the user plane channel of the first data; the user plane channel may be a dedicated channel or a public channel for transmitting specific protocol data units or sets of protocol data units;

[0104] An indication that the user plane channel for transmitting the first data is a dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0105] The protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of the specified priority transmitted on the user plane channel that sends the first data is an indication specifically used for sending the first data.

[0106] In this application embodiment, the fourth information includes at least one of the following:

[0107] An indication of whether the terminal device is permitted to send the first data;

[0108] A transmission instruction, which instructs the terminal device to begin transmitting the first data;

[0109] The terminal device transmits relevant information about the user plane channel of the first data;

[0110] An indication that the user plane channel for transmitting the first data is a dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0111] The user plane channel that sends the first data is used to transmit an indication of the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

[0112] In some embodiments, the relevant information of the user plane channel includes at least one of the following:

[0113] Information related to the PDU session of this user plane channel;

[0114] Information related to the Quality of Service (QoS) flow of this user's plane channel;

[0115] Information related to the Data Radio Bearer (DRB) of this user plane channel;

[0116] The user plane channel contains an indication of a specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

[0117] In this embodiment of the application, by applying method 1, the terminal device can immediately send the first data to the first network device when the first condition is met, without the need for additional instructions from the second network device. This avoids the signaling overhead caused by sending the first data and the related processing of the second network device, reduces the latency of sending the first data, and reduces the model quality that the latency may affect.

[0118] By applying method 2, the second network device can estimate the network path occupancy based on the notification from the terminal device, and perform related flow rate control, adjust QoS and wireless bearer mapping, etc.

[0119] By applying method 3, the transmission of the first data can be controlled by the second network device, thus avoiding the bandwidth occupation of each interface when the transmission channel between the air interface or network devices is busy due to the transmission of massive amounts of the first data.

[0120] The transmission of this first data can be achieved using the UP channel defined in the current specification. However, this first data is used for training the first model and does not have requirements such as urgency or user experience. Compared with other services, the transmission priority of the first model training service for this first data transmission requirement is lower. These other services are those that transmit data through the UP channel other than the data transmission service for the first model training, such as voice, streaming media, games, and even text transmission services.

[0121] If the transmission of the first data uses a PDU session and / or QoS Flow and / or that can transmit these other services, then the relevant configuration of the PDU session and / or the QoS Flow and / or the Radio Bearer must not only meet the requirements for transmitting the first data, but also meet the requirements for transmitting other services.

[0122] Since the initial data volume is typically large, using PDU sessions and / or QoS Flows and / or DRBs capable of transmitting other services may consume significant transmission resources and bandwidth for extended periods, impacting the performance of other services. Therefore, we are considering introducing a dedicated UP channel for transmitting the training data of the initial model.

[0123] In this embodiment of the application, in the dedicated user plane channel, at least one of the PDU Session, Quality of Service Stream, Data Radio Bearer, GTP-U Channel, MAC PDU, and MAC PDU Set used for transmitting the first data is dedicated to transmitting the first data.

[0124] For example, this dedicated user plane channel includes at least one of the following:

[0125] The PDU Session for transmitting the first data in a terminal device is a PDU Session specifically used for transmitting that first data;

[0126] The QoS Flow for transmitting the first data by the terminal device is a QoS Flow specifically used for transmitting the first data, while other QoS Flows in the PDU session to which this QoS Flow belongs can be used to transmit other services;

[0127] The DRB for transmitting the first data in the terminal device is a DRB specifically used for transmitting the first data, while other DRBs in the PDU session to which this DRB belongs can be used to transmit other services.

[0128] The GTP-U channel for transmitting the first data in the terminal device is a GTP-U channel specifically designed for transmitting the first data.

[0129] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device sends first data to the first network device through a dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority, including at least one of the following:

[0130] The terminal device transmits the first data through the dedicated user plane channel;

[0131] The terminal device sends the first data through the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set);

[0132] The terminal device transmits the first data on the dedicated user plane channel via the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set);

[0133] The terminal device transmits the first data on a user plane channel shared with other services via the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

[0134] The dedicated UP channel can be a permanent dedicated UP channel used exclusively for transmitting the first data, or a dynamic temporary dedicated UP channel used exclusively for transmitting the first data.

[0135] In this embodiment, the dedicated user plane channel is either always dedicated to transmitting the first data, or it can be dynamically dedicated to transmitting the first data. In other words, the dedicated UP channel can be a permanent dedicated UP channel for transmitting the first data, or a temporary dedicated UP channel for transmitting the first data.

[0136] For example, the permanent dedicated UP channel is used solely for transmitting the first data throughout its entire lifecycle, from its establishment to its release, and is not used for transmitting other services. The temporary dedicated UP channel is dedicated solely to transmitting the first data when transmitting the first data, and can also be used for transmitting other services when not transmitting the first data.

[0137] In this embodiment, the terminal device can establish a new dedicated UP channel when preparing to transmit the first data. This includes establishing a new PDU Session, for example, by the terminal device initiating a PDU Session Setup Request via a NAS message. It also includes determining a QoS Flow and / or a DRB specifically for transmitting the first data within the already established PDU session. Alternatively, the terminal device can use the already established UP channel to transmit the first data when preparing to transmit it.

[0138] In the embodiments of this application, the PDU Session and / or QoS Flow and / or DRB used by the terminal device to transmit the first data may be a PDU Session and / or QoS Flow and / or DRB determined by the terminal device according to the implementation, or it may be a PDU Session and / or QoS Flow and / or DRB determined by the terminal device according to the instruction of the second network device. For example, the terminal device uses the PDU session and / or QoS Flow and / or the DRB mapped by the QoS Flow indicated by the second network device in OtherConfig to transmit the first data.

[0139] In this embodiment of the application, before transmitting the first data through the determined UP channel, the terminal device may also report information to the second network device about the terminal device's intention to transmit the first data. For example, the terminal device may use UE Assistance Information (UAI) to instruct the second network device to transmit the first data, and / or information related to the PDU session of the UP channel, and / or information related to the QoS Flow of the UP channel, and / or whether the UP channel includes the first data. For example, the terminal device may send a UAI to the second network device to report the identifier of the PDU session transmitting the uplink transmission, and / or the jitter information (e.g., jitter range, jitter bound) of the uplink transmission QoS Flow related to the PDU session, and / or the burst arrival time of the QoS Flow, the traffic period (UL data burst period) of the QoS Flow, etc., and / or instruct the PDU session and / or QoS Flow to be used to transmit the first data. The second network device instructs the terminal device whether to allow the transmission of the first data, and / or configures the rate of the PDU session and / or QoS Flow and / or drb for the transmission of the first data.

[0140] In the embodiments of this application, the protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority is a PDU or PDU Set of the MAC layer.

[0141] In this embodiment of the application, the method further includes: the terminal device indicating a first visible channel to the second network device, the data transmitted in the first visible channel being visible to the second network device, and the terminal device transmitting the first data that the second network device is allowed to read through the first visible channel.

[0142] For example, for RAN-visible first data that is allowed to be read or processed by the RAN, the terminal device can also indicate to the second network device the relevant information of the first visible channel that transmits the RAN-visible first data. For example, the terminal device can indicate the relevant information of the PDU Session and / or QoS Flow corresponding to the first visible channel through RAN-Visible Measurements information, such as the PDU Session identifier, QFI list, etc.

[0143] In the embodiments of this application, the PDU Session specifically for transmitting the first data can be established when the terminal device is ready to transmit the first data, or it can be established in advance, for example, when the terminal device is ready to collect the first data, and / or when the terminal device completes the collection of the first data, and / or the terminal device is a terminal device with the ability to collect the first data. After the terminal device accesses the cell, including completing registration, handover, reconstruction, etc., it initiates the establishment of the PDU Session.

[0144] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device sends the first data through the UP channel, which may occupy a large amount of wireless resources and transmission bandwidth. Especially when coexisting with other services, a second network device is required to perform rate control on the transmission of the first data.

[0145] In this embodiment of the application, the method further includes:

[0146] The terminal device sends the fifth message to the second network device.

[0147] For example, this fifth piece of information is used for at least one of the following:

[0148] Query or request the relevant parameters of the rate control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data in the dedicated user plane channel;

[0149] Query or request relevant parameters for congestion control in the dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0150] Query or request the relevant parameters of the rate control of the data radio bearer specifically used for transmitting the first data in the dedicated user plane channel;

[0151] Query or request relevant parameters for congestion control of the data radio bearer in the dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0152] Indicates whether the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data is allowed to be throttled;

[0153] The service quality stream and / or data radio bearer are designated to be dedicated to the transmission of the first data;

[0154] The quality of service stream and / or the content of the data radio bearer transmission that indicates the first data may include the protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of the specified priority.

[0155] In this embodiment of the application, the method further includes:

[0156] The terminal device receives sixth information from the second network device, the sixth information being used for at least one of the following:

[0157] The relevant parameters that indicate the rate control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0158] The parameters that indicate the congestion control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0159] The parameters indicating the rate control of the data radio bearer specifically used to transmit the first data,

[0160] The relevant parameters for congestion control of the data radio bearer specifically used to transmit the first data are indicated.

[0161] In this embodiment of the application, the fifth and / or sixth information can be sent via RRC messages and / or MAC CE.

[0162] In this embodiment, the terminal device uses a dedicated QoS Flow and / or DRB to transmit the first data, and the second network device can configure rate control related parameters for the dedicated QoS Flow and / or DRB, including:

[0163] Method 1: The terminal device actively obtains the specific QoS Flow and / or DRB configuration rate control parameters by querying or requesting.

[0164] For example, the terminal device determines the QoS Flow and / or DRB for transmitting the first data, sends fifth information to the second network device, and requests the network device to indicate the rate of the QoS Flow and / or DRB, and / or indicate that the QoS Flow and / or DRB is used to transmit the first data, and / or indicate whether the QoS Flow can be throttled.

[0165] Based on the fifth information, the second network device sends a sixth instruction to the terminal device, which includes the QoS Flow rate information (e.g., the recommended rate, bit rate).

[0166] In addition, the throttling information in the fifth message may also be indicated by the first network device, such as the core network, for example, when the QoS Flow is established.

[0167] For example, the terminal device sends a MAC CE to the network device to query the rate, including information about the QoS Flow and / or DRB to be queried, such as the QoS Flow Identifier (QFI) or DRB Identity, and / or an indication of whether the QoS Flow or DRB is for transmitting first data, such as the bit or bitmap corresponding to the indication of transmitting the first data. The network device uses the MAC CE to indicate or recommend a rate for each QoS Flow and / or DRB for transmitting the first data. And / or the terminal device transmits the first data on the QoS Flow and / or DRB at a rate not exceeding that rate.

[0168] Method 2: Direct indication from the second network device.

[0169] For example, when establishing and / or mapping the dedicated QoS Flow and / or DRB, the second network device determines that the dedicated QoS Flow and / or DRB is only used for transmitting the first data. The second network device indicates the sixth information to the terminal device, and the fifth information sent from the terminal device is not required; the rest is the same as in method 1 described above.

[0170] In this embodiment, when network congestion occurs, it is also necessary to restrict, throttle, or drop the transmission of the first data to avoid impacting other services. This includes setting the first data sent by the terminal device through the UP channel as low-importance data. Specific methods include at least one of the following:

[0171] Method 1: The terminal device uses a dedicated PDU Session for transmitting the first data. The QoS Flow in this PDU Session is a low-priority QoS Flow, and the DRB mapped to this QoS Flow is also a low-priority DRB. A second network device can throttle this PDU Session and / or its QoS Flow and / or DRB, and / or instruct the PDU Session and / or its QoS Flow and / or DRB to apply a shorter drop time to avoid or resolve network congestion issues.

[0172] Method 2: The PDU Session used by the terminal device to transmit the first data is also used to transmit data for other services. In this PDU Session, the terminal device uses a dedicated DRB to transmit the first data. This DRB is not used to transmit data for other services and is applied with low priority. The second network device instructs the terminal device that the DRB is throttled and / or instructs the DRB to have a shorter drop time to avoid or resolve network congestion issues.

[0173] Method 3: The PDU Session used by the terminal device to transmit the first data is also used to transmit data for other services. In this PDU Session, the terminal device uses a dedicated QoS Flow to transmit the first data. This QoS Flow is not used to transmit data for other services and is applied with low priority. This includes a dedicated QoS Flow for transmitting the first data and QoS Flows for other service data mapped to the same DRB. The second network device instructs the terminal device to throttle this QoS Flow and / or instructs the QoS Flow to apply a shorter drop time to avoid or resolve network congestion issues.

[0174] Method 4: The QoS Flow and / or DRB used by the terminal device to transmit the first data are also used to transmit data for other services. The terminal device uses a dedicated MAC PDU or MAC PDU Set to transmit the first data. This MAC PDU or MAC PDU Set applies low priority, or it is a low-importance MAC PDU or MAC PDU Set. The second network device instructs the terminal device to apply a shorter drop time to the low-importance MAC PDU or MAC PDU Set containing the first data transmitted in the QoS Flow and / or DRB, for example, by sending a MAC CE to the terminal device, instructing the terminal device to apply a shorter drop time to the low-importance MAC PDU or MAC PDU Set containing the first data transmitted in the QoS Flow and / or DRB, in order to avoid or resolve network congestion problems.

[0175] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0176] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0177] Second aspect of the embodiments

[0178] This application provides a data transmission method applied to a first network device, which corresponds to the data transmission method applied to a terminal device described in the first aspect of the embodiment. The same or corresponding content can be referred to the description in the first aspect of the embodiment.

[0179] This method is applied to a first network device, such as the first network device 101 in Figure 1.

[0180] Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of the data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the method includes:

[0181] 501: A first network device receives first data transmitted by a terminal device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of specified priority.

[0182] In this embodiment of the application, the first data is used to train at least one of the first model and to supervise the first model, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0183] In this embodiment of the application, the method further includes:

[0184] The first network device sends at least one of the following to the terminal device:

[0185] The first condition is used by the terminal device to determine the timing for sending the first data;

[0186] The first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data;

[0187] A first threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the amount of data collected in the first data triggers the terminal device to send the first data;

[0188] The second threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the remaining energy triggers the terminal device to send the first data.

[0189] The third threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the first model trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0190] The fourth threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether its performance indicators trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0191] The second information is used to indicate the transmission cycle of the first data and / or the update cycle of the first model.

[0192] In the embodiments of this application, the specific implementation of the above operations can be referred to the relevant descriptions in the embodiments of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0193] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0194] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0195] Third aspect of the embodiments

[0196] This application provides a data transmission indication method, which is applied to a second network device and corresponds to the data transmission method applied to a terminal device described in the first aspect embodiment. The same or corresponding content can be referred to the description in the first aspect embodiment.

[0197] This method is applied to a second network device, such as the second network device 102 in Figure 1.

[0198] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission indication method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the method includes:

[0199] 601: The second network device sends a seventh message to the terminal device, the seventh message being at least related to the first data sent by the terminal device.

[0200] In this embodiment of the application, the first data is used to train at least one of the first model and to supervise the first model, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0201] In this embodiment of the application, the seventh information includes at least one of the following:

[0202] The first condition is used by the terminal device to determine the timing for sending the first data;

[0203] The first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data;

[0204] A first threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the amount of data collected in the first data triggers the terminal device to send the first data;

[0205] The second threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the remaining energy triggers the terminal device to send the first data.

[0206] The third threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the first model trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0207] The fourth threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether its performance indicators trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0208] The second information is used to indicate the transmission cycle of the first data and / or the update cycle of the first model;

[0209] The sixth piece of information is used to indicate relevant parameters for the configuration rate control and / or congestion control of the Quality of Service stream and / or data radio bearer specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0210] In this embodiment of the application, the method further includes:

[0211] The second network device performs rate control and / or congestion control on the transmission of the first data, including at least one of the following:

[0212] The second network device instructs the terminal device on the recommended, maximum, or guaranteed rate of the Quality of Service stream and / or the data radio bearer transmission rate specifically used for transmitting the first data, and / or the value of the multiplier for that rate.

[0213] For example, the rate in the recommended rate, maximum rate, or guaranteed rate refers to the bit rate, such as the recommended bit rate indicated by MAC CE, or the bit rate indicated by RRC signaling;

[0214] For example, the multiplier refers to the value of the multiplier;

[0215] The second network device throttles at least one of the PDU Session, the Quality of Service stream of the PDU Session, and the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the drop time of at least one of the PDU Session, the Quality of Service stream of the PDU Session, and the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data;

[0216] The second network device throttles the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the discard time of the data radio bearer application dedicated to transmitting the first data;

[0217] The second network device throttles the Quality of Service (QoS) stream dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the drop time of the QoS stream application dedicated to transmitting the first data;

[0218] The second network device indicates the discard time for a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set) application with a specified priority specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0219] In the embodiments of this application, the specific implementation of the above operations can be referred to the relevant descriptions in the embodiments of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0220] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0221] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0222] Fourth aspect of the embodiment

[0223] This application provides a data transmission device installed on a terminal device. Since the principle by which this device solves the problem is similar to the method in the first aspect embodiment, its specific implementation can refer to the implementation of the method described in the first aspect embodiment; the same or related parts will not be repeated.

[0224] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, the data transmission apparatus 700 includes:

[0225] The first transmitting unit 701, when a first condition is met, transmits first data to the first network device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority.

[0226] The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, which is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0227] In this embodiment of the application, the first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0228] The amount of data collected by the terminal device in the first data reaches or exceeds the first threshold;

[0229] The remaining energy of the terminal device drops to or falls below the second threshold.

[0230] The terminal device receives first information from the first network device or the second network device, and the first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data;

[0231] The time elapsed since the terminal device last sent the first data according to the first data transmission cycle is equal to or exceeds the first data transmission cycle;

[0232] The time elapsed since the terminal device last sent the first data according to the update cycle of the first model is equal to or exceeds the update cycle of the first model;

[0233] The performance metrics of the first model have dropped to or below the third threshold.

[0234] Applying this first model, the performance indicators of the terminal device drop to or below the fourth threshold.

[0235] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device determines the first condition based on at least one of the following:

[0236] The amount of data collected by the terminal device in the first data;

[0237] The remaining energy of the terminal device;

[0238] The terminal device receives first information from the first network device or the second network device, and the first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data;

[0239] The transmission period of the first data;

[0240] The update cycle of the first model;

[0241] The performance metrics of the first model;

[0242] The performance indicators of this terminal device.

[0243] In this embodiment of the application, the first threshold is a threshold for the terminal device to collect, store, or send the first data as indicated by the first network device or the second network device, or the first threshold is the maximum amount of the first data that the terminal device can store or the minimum amount of the first data that it can start sending.

[0244] In this embodiment, the first information is indicated by the first network device through a user plane channel or NAS message, or the first information is indicated by the second network device through RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI signaling.

[0245] The transmission period of the first data and / or the update period of the first model are indicated by second information, which is indicated by the first network device through a user plane channel or NAS message, or by the second network device through RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI signaling.

[0246] In this embodiment of the application, the performance metrics of the first model include the evaluation metrics of the prediction results of the first model.

[0247] In this embodiment of the application, the performance index of the terminal device is the performance index of the terminal device communicating by applying the prediction result of the first model.

[0248] In this embodiment of the application, the first condition is configured and indicated to the terminal device through the first network device or the second network device.

[0249] In this embodiment of the application, the first condition is indicated to the terminal device by at least one of the following methods:

[0250] The first network device is indicated via the user plane channel;

[0251] The first network device is instructed via NAS signaling;

[0252] The second network device is indicated via RRC signaling;

[0253] The second network device is instructed via MAC CE signaling;

[0254] The second network device is indicated via DCI signaling.

[0255] In this embodiment of the application, when the first condition is met, the first sending unit 701 directly sends the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with a specified priority without notifying the second network device; or,

[0256] When the first condition is met, the first sending unit 701 sends the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set with specified priority, and also sends third information to the second network device to notify the second network device that the terminal device has started sending the first data without waiting for the second network device's instruction or feedback regarding the third information; or,

[0257] When the first condition is met, the first sending unit 701 sends third information to the second network device and waits for the second network device to send fourth information according to the third information. After receiving the fourth information, it determines whether to start sending the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority.

[0258] In this application embodiment, the third information includes at least one of the following:

[0259] The terminal device sends a request for the first data;

[0260] The terminal device transmits relevant information about the user plane channel of the first data;

[0261] An indication that the user plane channel for transmitting the first data is a dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0262] The user plane channel transmitting the first data is designated with a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of a specific priority specifically for transmitting the first data.

[0263] In this application embodiment, the fourth information includes at least one of the following:

[0264] An indication of whether the terminal device is permitted to send the first data;

[0265] A transmission instruction, which instructs the terminal device to begin transmitting the first data;

[0266] The terminal device transmits relevant information about the user plane channel of the first data;

[0267] An indication that the user plane channel for transmitting the first data is a dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0268] The user plane channel that sends the first data is used to transmit an indication of the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

[0269] In this embodiment of the application, the relevant information of the user plane channel includes at least one of the following:

[0270] Information related to the PDU session of this user plane channel;

[0271] Information related to the Quality of Service (QoS) flow of this user's plane channel;

[0272] Information related to the Data Radio Bearer (DRB) of this user plane channel;

[0273] The user plane channel contains an indication of a specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

[0274] In this embodiment of the application, in the dedicated user plane channel, at least one of the PDU Session, Quality of Service Stream, Data Radio Bearer, GTP-U Channel, MAC PDU, and MAC PDU Set used for transmitting the first data is dedicated to transmitting the first data.

[0275] In the embodiments of this application, the protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority is a PDU or PDU Set of the MAC layer.

[0276] In this embodiment of the application, the first sending unit 701 further indicates a first visible channel to the second network device, the data transmitted in the first visible channel is visible to the second network device, and the terminal device transmits the first data that the second network device is allowed to read through the first visible channel.

[0277] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device sends first data to the first network device through a dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority, including at least one of the following:

[0278] The terminal device transmits the first data through the dedicated user plane channel;

[0279] The terminal device sends the first data through the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set);

[0280] The terminal device transmits the first data on the dedicated user plane channel via the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set);

[0281] The terminal device transmits the first data on a user plane channel shared with other services via the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

[0282] In this embodiment, the dedicated user plane channel is always dedicated to transmitting the first data, or the dedicated user plane channel is dynamically dedicated to transmitting the first data.

[0283] In this embodiment of the application, the dedicated user plane channel is established by the terminal device when it is preparing to transmit the first data, or it is established in advance.

[0284] In this embodiment of the application, the first sending unit 701 sends fifth information to the second network device, the fifth information being used for at least one of the following:

[0285] Query or request the relevant parameters of the rate control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data in the dedicated user plane channel;

[0286] Query or request relevant parameters for congestion control in the dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0287] Query or request the relevant parameters of the rate control of the data radio bearer specifically used for transmitting the first data in the dedicated user plane channel;

[0288] Query or request relevant parameters for congestion control of the data radio bearer in the dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data;

[0289] Indicates whether the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data is allowed to be throttled;

[0290] The service quality stream and / or data radio bearer are designated to be dedicated to the transmission of the first data;

[0291] The quality of service stream and / or the content of the data radio bearer transmission that indicates the first data may include the protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of the specified priority.

[0292] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device receives sixth information from the second network device, the sixth information being used for at least one of the following:

[0293] The relevant parameters that indicate the rate control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0294] The parameters that indicate the congestion control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0295] The parameters indicating the rate control of the data radio bearer specifically used to transmit the first data,

[0296] The relevant parameters for congestion control of the data radio bearer specifically used to transmit the first data are indicated.

[0297] In this embodiment of the application, the fifth and / or sixth information is sent via RRC messages and / or MAC CE.

[0298] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0299] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0300] Fifth aspect of the embodiment

[0301] This application provides a data transmission apparatus applied to a first network device. Since the principle by which this apparatus solves the problem is similar to the method in the second aspect of the embodiment, its specific implementation can refer to the implementation of the method described in the second aspect of the embodiment; the same or related parts will not be repeated.

[0302] Figure 8 is another schematic diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 8, the data transmission apparatus 800 includes:

[0303] The first receiving unit 801 receives first data transmitted by the terminal device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority.

[0304] The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, which is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0305] In this embodiment of the application, the device 800 further includes:

[0306] The second transmitting unit 802 shall transmit at least one of the following to the terminal device:

[0307] The first condition is used by the terminal device to determine the timing for sending the first data;

[0308] The first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data;

[0309] A first threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the amount of data collected in the first data triggers the terminal device to send the first data;

[0310] The second threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the remaining energy triggers the terminal device to send the first data.

[0311] The third threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the first model trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0312] The fourth threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether its performance indicators trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0313] The second information is used to indicate the transmission cycle of the first data and / or the update cycle of the first model.

[0314] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0315] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0316] Implementation of the sixth aspect

[0317] This application provides a data transmission indication device applied to a second network device. Since the principle by which this device solves the problem is similar to the method in the third aspect embodiment, its specific implementation can refer to the implementation of the method described in the third aspect embodiment; the same or related parts will not be repeated.

[0318] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission indication device according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the data transmission indication device 900 includes:

[0319] The third sending unit 901 sends seventh information to the terminal device, which is at least related to the first data sent by the terminal device.

[0320] In this embodiment of the application, the first data is used to train at least one of the first model and to supervise the first model, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0321] In this embodiment of the application, the seventh information includes at least one of the following:

[0322] The first condition is used by the terminal device to determine the timing for sending the first data;

[0323] The first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data;

[0324] A first threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the amount of data collected in the first data triggers the terminal device to send the first data;

[0325] The second threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the remaining energy triggers the terminal device to send the first data.

[0326] The third threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the first model trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0327] The fourth threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether its performance indicators trigger the terminal device to send the first data.

[0328] The second information is used to indicate the transmission cycle of the first data and / or the update cycle of the first model;

[0329] The sixth piece of information is used to indicate relevant parameters for the configuration rate control and / or congestion control of the Quality of Service stream and / or data radio bearer specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0330] In this embodiment of the application, the second network device performs rate control and / or congestion control on the transmission of the first data.

[0331] The second network device performs rate control and / or congestion control on the transmission of the first data, including at least one of the following:

[0332] The second network device instructs the terminal device on the recommended, maximum, or guaranteed rate of the Quality of Service stream and / or the data radio bearer transmission rate specifically used for transmitting the first data, and / or the value of the multiplier for that rate.

[0333] The second network device throttles at least one of the PDU Session, the Quality of Service stream of the PDU Session, and the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the drop time of at least one of the PDU Session, the Quality of Service stream of the PDU Session, and the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data;

[0334] The second network device throttles the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the discard time of the data radio bearer application dedicated to transmitting the first data;

[0335] The second network device throttles the Quality of Service (QoS) stream dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the drop time of the QoS stream application dedicated to transmitting the first data;

[0336] The second network device indicates the discard time for a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set) application with a specified priority specifically used for transmitting the first data.

[0337] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0338] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0339] Seventh aspect of the embodiment

[0340] This application provides a terminal device that includes a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect.

[0341] Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram of the system configuration of a terminal device according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 10, the terminal device 1000 may include a processor 1010 and a memory 1020; the memory 1020 is coupled to the processor 1010. It is worth noting that this figure is exemplary; other types of structures may also be used to supplement or replace this structure to implement telecommunications functions or other functions.

[0342] In one embodiment, the function of the data transmission device can be integrated into the processor 1010.

[0343] The processor 1010 is configured such that, when a first condition is met, the terminal device sends first data to the first network device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of specified priority, the first data being used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0344] In another embodiment, the data transmission device can be configured separately from the processor 1010. For example, the data transmission device can be configured as a chip connected to the processor 1010, and the functions of the data transmission device can be implemented through the control of the processor 1010.

[0345] As shown in Figure 10, the terminal device 1000 may further include: a communication module 1030, an input unit 1040, a display 1050, and a power supply 1060. It is worth noting that the terminal device 1000 does not necessarily include all the components shown in Figure 10; furthermore, the terminal device 1000 may also include components not shown in Figure 10, which can be found in related technologies.

[0346] As shown in Figure 10, the processor 1010, sometimes also referred to as a controller or operation control, may include a microprocessor or other processor device and / or logic device. The processor 1010 receives input and controls the operation of various components of the terminal device 1000.

[0347] The memory 1020 may be, for example, one or more of a cache, flash memory, hard drive, removable medium, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or other suitable means. It can store various types of data, and also programs for executing related information. The processor 1010 can execute the program stored in the memory 1020 to perform information storage or processing, etc. The functions of other components are similar to those in existing systems and will not be described further here. The components of the terminal device 1000 can be implemented using dedicated hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0348] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0349] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0350] Eighth aspect of the embodiment

[0351] This application provides a network device that includes a data transmission apparatus according to a fifth aspect embodiment or a data transmission indication apparatus according to a sixth aspect embodiment. That is, the network device is a first network device or a second network device.

[0352] Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of the system configuration of a network device according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 11, the network device 1100 may include a processor 1110 and a memory 1120; the memory 1120 is coupled to the processor 1110. The memory 1120 can store various data; in addition, it also stores an information processing program 1130, and executes the program 1130 under the control of the processor 1110 to receive various information sent by terminal devices and send various information to terminal devices.

[0353] In one embodiment, the function of the data transmission indication device can be integrated into the processor 1110.

[0354] For the first network device, the processor 1110 can be configured to: receive first data sent by the terminal device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of specified priority, the first data being used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0355] For the second network device, the processor 1110 can be configured to: send seventh information to the terminal device, the seventh information being at least related to the first data sent by the terminal device, the first data being used for at least one of training a first model and supervising the first model, the first model being an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0356] In another embodiment, the data transmission device or the data transmission indicator can be configured separately from the processor 1110. For example, the data transmission device or the data transmission indicator can be configured as a chip connected to the processor 1110, and the functions of the data transmission device or the data transmission indicator can be realized through the control of the processor 1110.

[0357] In addition, as shown in Figure 11, network device 1100 may also include: transceiver 1140 and antenna 1150, etc.; the functions of the above components are similar to those in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here. It is worth noting that network device 1100 does not necessarily have to include all the components shown in Figure 11; in addition, network device 1100 may also include components not shown in Figure 11, which can be referred to in the prior art.

[0358] As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the terminal device meets the first condition, it sends the first data for training and / or supervising the terminal-side AI / ML model to the first network device (e.g., a higher-level network device) through a dedicated UP channel and / or a PDU or PDU Set with a specified priority. This takes into account both the capabilities of the terminal device and the control requirements of the network device.

[0359] In addition, considering the large amount of data and low urgency of the first data used for training and / or supervising terminal-side AI / ML models, the embodiments of this application can also distinguish the service transmitting the first data from other services at different levels, which facilitates independent flow rate control and / or congestion handling of the UP channel transmitting the first data, and avoids affecting the transmission of other services.

[0360] Ninth aspect of the embodiment

[0361] This application provides a communication system including a terminal device according to the seventh aspect embodiment and / or a first network device and / or a second network device according to the eighth aspect embodiment. Specific details can be found in the descriptions of the seventh and eighth aspect embodiments.

[0362] For example, the structure of the communication system can be seen in FIG1. ​​As shown in FIG1, the communication system 100 includes a first network device 101, a second network device 102 and a terminal device 103. The terminal device 103 may be the same as the terminal device described in the seventh aspect embodiment, and / or the first network device 101 and the second network device 102 may be the same as the first network device and the second network device described in the eighth aspect embodiment. Repeated content will not be described again.

[0363] The apparatus and methods described above in this application can be implemented in hardware or in combination with software. This application relates to a computer-readable program that, when executed by a logic component, enables the logic component to implement the apparatus or components described above, or to implement the various methods or steps described above. Logic components include, for example, field-programmable logic devices (FPGAs), microprocessors, and processors used in computers. This application also relates to storage media for storing the above programs, such as hard disks, magnetic disks, optical disks, DVDs, and flash memory.

[0364] The methods / apparatus described in conjunction with the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination of both. For example, one or more and / or one or more combinations of functional block diagrams shown in FIG7 can correspond to various software modules in a computer program flow, or to various hardware modules. These software modules can correspond to the various steps shown in FIG4, respectively. These hardware modules can, for example, be implemented by embedding these software modules using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0365] The software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. A storage medium can be coupled to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium; or the storage medium can be an integral part of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The software module can be stored in the memory of a mobile terminal or in a memory card that can be inserted into the mobile terminal. For example, if the device (such as a mobile terminal) uses a high-capacity MEGA-SIM card or a high-capacity flash memory device, the software module can be stored in the MEGA-SIM card or the high-capacity flash memory device.

[0366] One or more and / or one or more combinations of functional blocks described in Figure 7 can be implemented as a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or any suitable combination thereof for performing the functions described herein. One or more and / or one or more combinations of functional blocks described in Figure 7 can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in communication with a DSP, or any other such configuration.

[0367] The present application has been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that these descriptions are exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application based on its spirit and principles, and these modifications and variations are also within the scope of the present application.

[0368] According to the various embodiments disclosed in this application, the following notes are also disclosed:

[0369] 1. A data transmission method, the method being applied to a terminal device, the method comprising:

[0370] When the first condition is met, the terminal device sends the first data to the higher-layer network device through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority.

[0371] The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0372] 2. A data transmission method, the method being applied to a higher-level network device, the method comprising:

[0373] The higher-level network equipment receives the first data sent by the terminal equipment through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority.

[0374] The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

[0375] 3. A method for indicating data transmission, the method being applied to a network device of a RAN, the method comprising:

[0376] The RAN network device sends a seventh piece of information to the terminal device, the seventh piece of information being at least related to the first data sent by the terminal device.

[0377] The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

Claims

1. A data transmission apparatus, the apparatus being applied to a terminal device, the apparatus comprising: The first transmitting unit, upon meeting a first condition, transmits first data to the first network device via a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with a specified priority. The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first condition includes at least one of the following: The amount of data collected by the terminal device in the first data reaches or exceeds the first threshold. The remaining energy of the terminal device drops to or falls below the second threshold. The terminal device receives first information from the first network device or the second network device, the first information being used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data; The time elapsed since the terminal device last sent the first data according to the first data sending cycle is equal to or exceeds the first data sending cycle. The time elapsed since the terminal device last sent the first data according to the update cycle of the first model is equal to or exceeds the update cycle of the first model; The performance metrics of the first model have fallen to or below the third threshold; When the first model is applied, the performance index of the terminal device drops to or below the fourth threshold.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The terminal device determines the first condition based on at least one of the following: The amount of data collected by the terminal device in the first data; The remaining energy of the terminal device; The terminal device receives first information from the first network device or the second network device, the first information being used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data; The transmission period of the first data; The update cycle of the first model; Performance metrics of the first model; The performance indicators of the terminal device.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, The first threshold is a threshold for the terminal device to collect, store, or send the first data as indicated by the first network device or the second network device, or the first threshold is the maximum amount of the first data that the terminal device can store or the minimum amount of the first data that it can start sending; And / or, The first information is indicated by the first network device via a user plane channel or NAS message, or the first information is indicated by the second network device via RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI signaling. The transmission period of the first data and / or the update period of the first model are indicated by second information, which is indicated by the first network device through a user plane channel or NAS message, or by the second network device through RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI signaling. And / or, The performance metrics of the first model include evaluation metrics for the prediction results of the first model. And / or, The performance index of the terminal device is the performance index of the terminal device communicating using the prediction results of the first model.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first condition is configured and indicated to the terminal device through the first network device or the second network device.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The first condition is indicated to the terminal device by at least one of the following methods: The first network device is indicated via the user plane channel; The first network device is instructed via NAS signaling; The second network device indicates this via RRC signaling; The second network device indicates this via MAC CE signaling; The second network device provides instructions via DCI signaling.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, When the first condition is met, the first sending unit directly sends the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority without notifying the second network device; or, When the first condition is met, the first sending unit sends the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority, and also sends third information to the second network device to notify the second network device that the terminal device has started sending the first data without waiting for the second network device's instruction or feedback regarding the third information; or, When the first sending unit meets the first condition, it sends third information to the second network device and waits for the second network device to send fourth information according to the third information. After receiving the fourth information, it determines whether to start sending the first data to the first network device through the dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The third information includes at least one of the following: The terminal device sends a request for the first data; The terminal device transmits relevant information about the user plane channel of the first data; The user plane channel that transmits the first data is an indication of a dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data; The specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set) transmitted on the user plane channel that sends the first data is specifically designated as an indication for sending the first data. And / or, The fourth information includes at least one of the following: An indication of whether to allow the terminal device to send the first data; A transmission instruction, wherein the transmission instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to begin transmitting first data; The terminal device transmits relevant information about the user plane channel of the first data; The user plane channel that transmits the first data is an indication of a dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data; The user plane channel that transmits the first data is used to transmit an indication of the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, The relevant information of the user plane channel includes at least one of the following: Information related to the PDU session of the user plane channel; Information related to the Quality of Service (QoS) Flow of the user plane channel; Information related to the data radio bearer (DRB) of the user plane channel; The user plane channel contains an indication of a specified priority protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set).

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, In the dedicated user plane channel, at least one of the following is specifically used for transmitting the first data: PDU Session, Quality of Service Stream, Data Radio Bearer, GTP-U Channel, MAC PDU, and MAC PDU Set. And / or, The specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set) is a MAC layer PDU or PDU Set. And / or, The first sending unit also indicates a first visible channel to the second network device, in which data transmitted is visible to the second network device, and the terminal device transmits the first data that the second network device is allowed to read through the first visible channel.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The terminal device sends first data to the first network device through a dedicated user plane channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority, including at least one of the following: The terminal device sends the first data through the dedicated user plane channel; The terminal device sends the first data through the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set); The terminal device transmits the first data on the dedicated user plane channel through the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set); The terminal device transmits the first data on a user plane channel shared with other services via the specified priority Protocol Data Unit (PDU) or Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set).

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The dedicated user plane channel is either always dedicated to transmitting the first data, or the dedicated user plane channel is dynamically dedicated to transmitting the first data.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The dedicated user plane channel is established by the terminal device when it is preparing to transmit the first data, or it is established in advance.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The first sending unit also sends fifth information to the second network device, the fifth information being used for at least one of the following: Query or request relevant parameters for rate control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data in the dedicated user plane channel; Query or request relevant parameters for congestion control in the dedicated user plane channel specifically used for transmitting the first data; Query or request the relevant parameters of the rate control of the data radio bearer specifically used for transmitting the first data in the dedicated user plane channel; Query or request relevant parameters for congestion control of the dedicated data radio bearer in the dedicated user plane channel used for transmitting the first data; Indicates whether the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data is allowed to be throttled; The quality of service stream and / or data radio bearer are instructed to be dedicated to transmitting the first data; The quality of service stream and / or the content of the data radio bearer transmission indicating the transmission of the first data may include the Protocol Data Units (PDUs) or Protocol Data Unit Sets (PDU Sets) of the specified priority. And / or, The terminal device receives sixth information from the second network device, the sixth information being used for at least one of the following: The parameters indicating the rate control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data, The parameters indicating the congestion control of the Quality of Service stream specifically used for transmitting the first data. The parameters indicating the rate control of the data radio bearer specifically used for transmitting the first data, The relevant parameters for congestion control of the data radio bearer specifically used to transmit the first data are indicated.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, The fifth and / or sixth information is sent via RRC messages and / or MAC CE.

16. A data transmission apparatus, the apparatus being applied to a first network device, the apparatus comprising: The first receiving unit receives first data transmitted by the terminal equipment through a dedicated user plane (UP) channel and / or a protocol data unit (PDU) or protocol data unit set (PDU Set) with specified priority. The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, The device further includes: The second transmitting unit sends at least one of the following to the terminal device: The first condition is used by the terminal device to determine the timing of sending the first data; The first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data; A first threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the amount of the first data collected triggers the terminal device to send the first data; The second threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the remaining energy triggers the terminal device to send the first data. The third threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the first model trigger the terminal device to send the first data. The fourth threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the terminal device trigger the terminal device to send the first data; The second piece of information is used to indicate the sending cycle of the first data and / or the update cycle of the first model.

18. A data transmission indication device, the device being applied to a second network device, the device comprising: The third sending unit sends seventh information to the terminal device, the seventh information being at least related to the first data sent by the terminal device. The first data is used to train a first model and supervise at least one of the first models, wherein the first model is an AI / ML model applied to the terminal device side.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein, The seventh piece of information includes at least one of the following: The first condition is used by the terminal device to determine the timing of sending the first data; The first information is used to instruct the terminal device to send the first data; A first threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the amount of the first data collected triggers the terminal device to send the first data; The second threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the remaining energy triggers the terminal device to send the first data. The third threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the first model trigger the terminal device to send the first data. The fourth threshold is used to instruct the terminal device to determine whether the performance indicators of the terminal device trigger the terminal device to send the first data; The second information is used to indicate the sending period of the first data and / or the update period of the first model; The sixth piece of information is used to indicate relevant parameters for the configuration rate control and / or congestion control of the Quality of Service stream and / or data radio bearer specifically used for transmitting the first data.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein, The second network device performs rate control and / or congestion control on the transmission of the first data. The second network device performs rate control and / or congestion control on the transmission of the first data, including at least one of the following: The second network device indicates to the terminal device a recommended, maximum, or guaranteed rate for the Quality of Service (QoS) stream and / or data radio bearer transmission dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or a multiplier of that rate. The second network device throttles at least one of the PDU Session, the Quality of Service stream of the PDU Session, and the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the drop time of at least one of the PDU Session, the Quality of Service stream of the PDU Session, and the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data; The second network device throttles the data radio bearer dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the discard time of the data radio bearer application dedicated to transmitting the first data; The second network device throttles the Quality of Service (QoS) stream dedicated to transmitting the first data, and / or the second network device indicates the drop time of the QoS stream application dedicated to transmitting the first data; The second network device indicates a discard time applied for a protocol data unit (PDU) or a protocol data unit set (PDU Set) of a specified priority dedicated for transmitting the first data.

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