Wireless communication methods using sensing reference signals, base station, and user equipment
By employing sparse-random Sens-RS within the OFDM resource grid, the inefficiencies of existing ISAC systems are addressed, achieving improved spectrum efficiency and system performance through optimized resource utilization and interference reduction.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN TCL NEW-TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face inefficiencies in integrating sensing and communication functions due to uniformly designed reference signals that do not meet the requirements for advanced sensing detection, leading to high resource consumption and interference, particularly in Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems.
The implementation of sparse-random sensing reference signals (Sens-RS) within the OFDM resource grid, which are designed to leverage existing communication reference signals (Comm-RS) while ensuring pseudo-randomness for enhanced sensing capabilities, using compressed sensing algorithms to reduce resource overhead and interference.
This approach enhances spectrum efficiency and system performance by optimizing resource utilization and reducing interference, enabling effective sensing and communication functions in ISAC systems.
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Figure CN2025074908_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHODS USING SENSING REFERENCE SIGNALS, BASE STATION, AND USER EQUIPMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication methods using sensing reference signals, a base station, and a user equipment (UE) .BACKGROUND
[0002] With the rapid growth in global demand for wireless communication technologies, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has emerged as a cornerstone of future network innovation. ISAC enables simultaneous communication and sensing functions on a shared hardware platform, revolutionizing traditional communication system architectures. Initial applications in 5G-Advanced (5G-A) focus on network-side deployments, where base stations (such as gNBs) transmit sensing signals and perform detection or collaborate with other base stations and user equipment (UE) for cooperative sensing. As development progresses toward 6G, ISAC applications may expand to a UE layer, creating truly ubiquitous sensing services. This technology facilitates precise acquisition of positional, velocity, and directional information of moving nodes, supporting channel behavior prediction, beam tracking, and other high-performance communication operations. ISAC systems also act as data collectors, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) models to further enhance communication performance. To meet the high-performance demands of future communication networks, it is important to develop highly optimized sensing reference signals (RS) , waveform designs for multi-carrier systems, and advanced resource allocation and interference management techniques. These innovations may enable a deep integration of sensing and communication functionalities, meeting requirements for performance, reliability, and efficiency in next-generation networks.
[0003] Therefore, there is a need for wireless communication methods using sensing reference signals, a base station, and a user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to propose wireless communication methods using sensing reference signals, a base station, and a user equipment (UE) , which can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance.
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method using sensing reference signals performed by a base station, includes determining a sensing reference signal pattern based on a sensing requirement and / or a user equipment (UE) capability; and transmitting a configuration of sensing reference signals to a UE based on the sensing reference signal pattern.
[0006] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method using sensing reference signals performed by a user equipment (UE) , includes transmitting a sensing requirement and / or a UE capability to a base station; and receiving a configuration of sensing reference signals from the base station, wherein the configuration of sensing reference signals is based on a sensing reference signal pattern, and the sensing reference signal pattern is associated with the sensing requirement and / or the UE capability.
[0007] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a base station includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The base station is configured to perform the above method.
[0008] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a UE includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The UE is configured to perform the above method.
[0009] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.
[0010] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method.
[0011] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0012] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0013] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art more clearly, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one or more user equipments (UEs) and a base station of communication in a communication network system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method using sensing reference signals performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method using sensing reference signals performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a sensing reference signal configuration using a dedicated signaling according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a sensing reference signal configuration using a complementary reference signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of linear feedback shift register (LFSR) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of sparse pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of using sub-patterns to form a sparse-random sensing reference signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0027] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.
[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, such as a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS) , a long term evolution (LTE) system, a LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, a LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, an advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a new radio (NR) system, an evolution system of a NR system, a LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, a NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, an universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) , a global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, wireless local area networks (WLAN) , wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) , a future 5th generation (5G) system (may also be called a new radio (NR) system) , a 6G system or other communication systems, etc.
[0029] Optionally, a network such as a base station mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can provide a communication coverage for a specific geographic area and can communicate with a user equipment (UE) located in the coverage area. Optionally, the base station may be a gNB, a base transceiver station (BTS) in the GSM or in the CDMA system, or may be a NodeB (NB) in the WCDMA system, or may be an evolutional Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in the LTE system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) .
[0030] A user equipment (UE) may refer to an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device. The access terminal may be a cellular radio telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) telephone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a handheld device with wireless communication functions, a computing device, other processing devices coupled with a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future 5G network, a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN) , etc.
[0031] Optionally, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum may also be considered as a shared spectrum; or the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to a licensed spectrum, where the licensed spectrum can also be considered an unshared spectrum.
[0032] In RAN #106, a scope of Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) in 5G-Advanced (5G-A) may primarily focus on sensing detection at a network (NW) side. Three types of sensing scenarios are included: Scenario 1, where a base station such as a gNB transmits a sensing signal and the same gNB performs a sensing detection; Scenario 2, where a gNB transmits the sensing signal and another gNB carries out the sensing detection; and Scenario 3, where a UE transmits the sensing signal and the gNB performs the sensing detection.
[0033] In future releases for 6G, ISAC is expected to expand to a UE side, evolving into a ubiquitous service within wireless communication systems (WCS) . Sensing detection offers promising capabilities for determining a position, a velocity, and a direction of moving nodes or reflectors, facilitating a predictive behavior of wireless channels and enabling position-related operations such as beam tracking. Additionally, ISAC system functions as a data collector, gathering valuable parameters related to a wireless radio environment. With an assistance of artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) models, sensing detection results or intermediate parameters may enhance a communication performance of WCS. Consequently, ISAC expands to include at least one of the following scenarios: Scenario 4, where a gNB transmits a sensing signal and UEs perform a sensing detection; Scenario 5, where a UE transmits the sensing signal and performs its own sensing detection; and Scenario 6, where a UE transmits the sensing signal and another UE performs the sensing detection.
[0034] The ISAC system includes two subsystems: a communication subsystem and a radar subsystem. The two subsystems are capable of simultaneously sharing the same hardware platform to perform their respective functions without negatively impacting each other. The integration of radar and communication systems can be categorized into three types. The first is co-existing, where communication and radar operate as two discrete systems, with their transceivers potentially interfering with each other. This mutual interference can be mitigated through solutions such as distance or frequency isolation, time or frequency division, and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques like beamforming and digital pre-coding. The second type is co-operation, in which communication and radar share the same hardware platform, such as a common antenna port and / or baseband processor. This setup allows the two systems to share information to enhance overall performance, such as enabling sensing-aided communication or vice versa. However, the main challenges for co-operative ISAC systems include resource allocation between the two subsystems and mutual interference cancellation to overcome low Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) . Finally, the third type is co-design, where communication and radar are fully integrated into a unified system. This approach involves joint design efforts in areas such as signal design, e.g., joint linear frequency modulation (LFM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , waveform design, e.g., spread spectrum waveforms, and coding design, e.g., phase-coded Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) .
[0035] The main scenarios for implementing the ISAC system are as follows: ground, where it acts as an enabler of intelligent traffic, supporting functions such as collision warning, pedestrian detection, and multi-vehicle collaborative imaging; maritime, where it facilitates inter-vessel communication, navigation, and electronic warfare; and air, where it enables applications like unauthorized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) detection, UAV obstacle detection, and multi-UAV collaboration.
[0036] It is observed that both uniform and non-uniform sensing reference signals (RS) are considered to balance the trade-off between performance and efficiency. While the legacy RS in New Radio (NR) systems are uniformly designed, the design of non-uniform RS and the corresponding sensing detection algorithms remain areas to be explored.
[0037] A brief overview of ISAC waveform design reveals that in multiplexing waveforms, the communication and radar functions utilize appropriate waveforms in their respective cycles. Commonly used waveforms for radar include FMCW and Frequency-Stepped Continuous Wave (FSCW) , which are well-established techniques and are not discussed further here. Joint waveforms can be categorized into two types: single-carrier waveforms and multi-carrier waveforms. Single-carrier waveforms employ code-domain schemes that offer higher ranging resolution and better security, but at the cost of high spectrum resource requirements and significant computational effort. On the other hand, frequency modulation schemes in single-carrier waveforms achieve better spectrum efficiency but are more susceptible to interference.
[0038] The single-carrier solution has several drawbacks. First, it cannot overcome frequency-selective fading, which is a key characteristic of wireless channels. Second, the equalization process for single-carrier waveforms is more complex compared to cyclic-prefix (CP) -OFDM. Lastly, single-carrier waveforms are not aligned with widely commercialized WCS, such as 5G NR and Wi-Fi. This lack of compatibility means that single-carrier-based ISAC systems cannot be seamlessly integrated into existing WCS.
[0039] The multi-carrier waveform includes OFDM, Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) , and Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing (AFDM) , among others. OTFS maps modulated symbols in the delay-Doppler plane, which is the dual space of the time-frequency plane, connected by the ZAK transform (aparameterized two-dimensional Fourier transform) . This allows transmitted symbols to experience a more stationary delay-Doppler domain channel, as opposed to the fast time-varying time-frequency channel, resulting in a CP-less frame structure that achieves better spectrum efficiency. However, OTFS suffers from significant complexity and processing delays due to its block-wise channel equalization and symbol detection algorithms.
[0040] AFDM integrates concepts from FMCW and OFDM. Unlike OFDM, which modulates subcarriers (SCs) at distinct frequencies, AFDM varies the tone of each subcarrier linearly. Additionally, the base function of AFDM is composed of multiple linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms rather than the single-tone waveforms of OFDM. AFDM enables sensing detection to be directly processed in the time domain, making it simpler and slightly more effective than OFDM due to its FMCW-like properties. However, AFDM loses the simplicity of symbol detection for communication that OTFS offers.
[0041] The OFDM-ISAC system appears to be the ideal trade-off between performance and cost. In terms of communication, OFDM has proven to be reliable in 4G and 5G commercial WCS. For sensing, OFDM demonstrates promising capabilities, with performance close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) achieved by advanced ISAC waveforms such as OTFS. Nevertheless, OFDM sensing relies on perfect synchronization. Its forward compatibility and minimal impact on existing standards make OFDM a superior choice.
[0042] Sensing detection may be based on a commonly known signal. For single-station sensing, where station A transmits and receives the radar signal, all transmitted signals, including data and reference signals (RS) , can be used for sensing detection. For multi-station sensing, where station A transmits the radar signal and station B receives it, a predefined sensing reference signal (Sens-RS) is required to enable station B to perform matched filtering-based algorithms for sensing detection. Existing RS in current WCSs can also be used for sensing detection, demonstrating promising performance. However, these RS are primarily designed for communication purposes and may not naturally meet sensing detection metrics or may do so at a high cost. This is because uniformly distributed communication reference signals are inefficient for radar detection purposes.
[0043] Single and multiple radar stations utilize existing RS in concurrent WCS for sensing detection, demonstrating promising performance. However, these RS are primarily designed for communication purposes and may not inherently meet the requirements of sensing detection metrics or may do so at a high cost. This inefficiency arises because uniformly distributed communication reference signals are not well-suited for radar detection.
[0044] Sparse radar signal detection based on compressed sensing (CS) addresses the trade-off between efficiency and overhead in the placement of sensing signals. RS-based sensing detection can be viewed as temporal-spectrum sampling of the entire signal, where RS are uniformly scattered throughout the received signal, considered as uniform sampling of the original signal space. According to the conventional Nyquist sampling theory, to retain the original signal's information intact, the sampling frequency can exceed twice the highest frequency in the signal. For radar sampling at a rate fr, then the maximum unambiguous range and velocity is given as
[0045] In OFDM system where Ts is the symbol duration and n corresponds to the RS density. Hence, some examples can illustrate that the sensing detection performance actually bounded by the density of the RS, which is the parameter some examples need to take care in an OFDM-ISAC system.
[0046] The blind zone and the range resolution is given as
[0047] Since 2004, CS theory has demonstrated that sparse signals can be recovered by reconstructing sampling points far below the Nyquist sampling theorem's requirements, enabling random sub-sampling. This finding reveals that the Nyquist theorem applies only to uniform sampling, not random or non-uniform sampling, making it possible to recover signals at significantly lower costs in certain circumstances. Random sampling disrupts the power spectrum's neat shifts, instead scattering it into small, random fragments. These fragments, representing inter-frequency power leakage, are evenly distributed across the frequency domain, resulting in relatively small leakage values. This property enables the recovery of the original signal using techniques like compressed sensing, even with sparse sampling.
[0048] If random sub-sampling is used, the frequency domain is no longer extended with a fixed period; instead, a large number of uncorrelated (incoherent) interference values are generated. Although the largest few peaks remain faintly visible, they are partially covered by the interference values. These interference values resemble random noise but are actually caused by energy leakage from the non-zero values of the original signals. The differently colored interference values indicate that they originate from the energy leakage of the corresponding non-zero values in the original signals.
[0049] This property allows the use of the Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) algorithm to detect the original signals from the distorted, sub-sampled signal. The signal detection process involves the following steps: First, a threshold is used to detect the largest original signal. Next, the interference caused by restoring the sub-sampled largest original signal is calculated. This calculated interference is then subtracted from the distorted sub-sampled signal. By iterating this process, all the original signals can be progressively recovered.
[0050] The prerequisites for using the CS method can be summarized into two points, the first being sparsity. The signal is sparse in a specific domain, which can be the time, frequency, or spatial domain. Sparsity indicates that the signal contains only a small number of non-zero values, while approximate sparsity means the signal has only a small number of values that are not approaching zero. A domain is referred to as the signal’s sparse domain if the signal exhibits sparsity in that domain. Identifying the sparse domain often involves applying transformations; for example, a signal that is continuous in the time domain may be sparse in the frequency domain when analyzed through a Fourier transform.
[0051] Incoherence: the received signal can be expressed in the following form: y=ΦΨs, where Φ is the known observation matrix corresponds to the sub-sampling, i.e., the mapping of RS, y is the observed signal. Ψs is the original signal which is expressed by the product of a sparse basis matrix Ψ and a sparsity coefficient s. The product of Φ and Ψ is called the sensing matrix.
[0052] The incoherence is ensured by the restricted isometry property (RIP) , which can be equivalent to the condition that the observation matrix and the sparse basis matrix is irrelevant or incoherent. Mathematically it is expressed as
[0053] Some examples consider Φ and Ψ to be incoherent if μ is sufficiently small, noting that
[0054] In practice, at least one of the following types of matrices are commonly used as observation matrices Φ: 1.randomness measurement matrices: random Gaussian matrices; random Bernoulli matrices; partially orthogonal matrices; random sparse matrices. 2. Deterministic measurement matrices: toeplitz matrices; cyclic matrices; rotation matrices; hadamard matrices.
[0055] Given the observed signal y and the sensing matrix ΦΨ, the problem of recovering the original signal is reduced to solving for the sparsity coefficient s.
[0056] In 5G NR, various user equipment (UE) identifiers are utilized for different purposes. For unit-level scheduling, the following identifiers are employed: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) , a unique UE identity used for Radio Resource Control (RRC) connections and scheduling; Semi-Persistent Scheduling Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (CS-RNTI) , which is used for semi-continuous scheduling in the downlink; Interruption Radio Network Temporary Identifier (INT-RNTI) , identifying preemption in the downlink; Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier (P-RNTI) , used for paging and system information change notifications in the downlink; System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SI-RNTI) , identifying broadcast and system information in the downlink; and Semi-Persistent Channel State Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SP-CSI-RNTI) , a unique UE identifier for semi-persistent Channel State Information (CSI) reporting on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) .
[0057] For power and timeslot format control, specific identifiers include Slot Format Indicator Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SFI-RNTI) , for identifying the timeslot format; Transmit Power Control Physical Uplink Control Channel Radio Network Temporary Identifier (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI) , a unique UE identifier for controlling Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) power; Transmit Power Control Physical Uplink Shared Channel Radio Network Temporary Identifier (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI) , for controlling PUSCH power; and Transmit Power Control Sounding Reference Signal Radio Network Temporary Identifier (TPC-SRS-RNTI) , used to control Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) power.
[0058] During the random access process, several identifiers are employed: Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) , used to identify the random access response in the downlink; Temporary C-RNTI, which serves as a temporary UE identifier for scheduling during the random access process; and a Random Value for Contention Resolution, a temporary identifier used for contention resolution during the random access process.
[0059] For NR systems connected to a 5G Core (5GC) , additional UE identifiers are utilized at a Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) level to support network functionality.
[0060] In RAN #106, the scope of ISAC in 5G-Amay primarily focus on sensing detection at the network (NW) side. The main modifications to the air interface occur in the following scenario: Scenario 3, where the UE transmits the sensing signal, and the gNB performs the sensing detection. Scenario 3 may include two sub-scenarios.
[0061] In Sub-Scenario 3-1, the UE acts as the transmitting (Tx) station, while the gNB serves as the receiving (Rx) station. The UE sends sensing RS to enable the gNB to perform sensing detection of the transmitting UE. This scenario is typically used for sensing-aided communication.
[0062] In Sub-Scenario 3-2, the UE also acts as the Tx station, and the gNB functions as the Rx station. However, in this case, the UE transmits sensing signals that travel along a reflection path before being received by the gNB. Here, the transmitting UE is usually a stationary device, or its position and mobility are known. This sub-scenario is primarily used for detecting reflectors with the help of sensing signals transmitted by the UE. This approach effectively avoids the full-duplex problem associated with gNB-based single-station sensing.
[0063] From the perspective of 3GPP, the scope of ISAC research is to maximize the use of ubiquitous wireless communication signals with minimal additional cost. In other words, the ISAC system is expected to perform sensing or radar algorithms primarily using existing communication signals, with minimal extra resources allocated to sensing functionalities. However, the current design of RS for communication includes additional constraints for sensing, meaning the mapping pattern does not meet the randomness requirements necessary for advanced CS-based techniques.
[0064] Theoretically, pseudo-random pilot signals may satisfy at least one of the following conditions:
[0065] Resolution Condition: The total span of resources of the sensing reference signal (Sens-RS) in the target dimension may fulfill the resolution requirements.
[0066] Maximum Unambiguous Condition: A specific number of resource units may be spaced appropriately to satisfy the maximum unambiguous measurement range.
[0067] Randomness Condition: The resource unit locations may be pseudo-randomly distributed across the span of the resource. This randomness generates a larger number of artifacts in sensing detection, which is essential for effective sensing performance.
[0068] The legacy NR RS mapping, such as the SRS mapping, uses a uniform mapping approach. This approach results in higher resource consumption when fulfilling sensing tasks. In contrast, non-uniform RS mapping can achieve comparable sensing detection performance while significantly reducing overhead compared to uniform RS mapping.
[0069] The results of dual-target detection using the matched filtering approach are presented. It is observed that both pilot mapping approaches successfully produce dual peaks in the Doppler spectrum, indicating the successful detection of two targets. However, while the uniform mapping approach satisfies the Nyquist sampling theory, it requires significantly more resources compared to the non-uniform sparse mapping approach. In this example, the sparse mapping approach reduces the overhead by up to 37.5%.
[0070] It is important to note that the reduction in overhead comes at the cost of artifacts in the radar image. However, this issue can be addressed by appropriately selecting the detection threshold and implementing artifact suppression schemes, such as randomizing the RS mapping.
[0071] Some examples assert that the legacy RS mapping approach does not achieve optimal energy and spectrum efficiency in an ISAC system. A pseudo-random sparse mapping is more desirable, as it offers a better trade-off between sensing performance and efficiency. To accomplish this, some examples identify a gap in the current design, which lacks co-design between sparse random Sens-RS and communication reference signal (Comm-RS) .
[0072] Sensing detection can generally be performed using a single device or multiple devices. In single-device sensing, all transmitted signals, including RS and data payload, can be buffered and used in matched filtering-based sensing detection algorithms, where specific RS design is not essential. However, this differs in multi-device sensing. In such cases, the data payload symbol depends on its content, which changes constantly. As a result, it is challenging for detection nodes to know the exact form of the data payload signal, making it difficult to utilize for sensing detection. To address this, specific RS are usually designed as prior information shared between transmitting and detection nodes. Following the design philosophy of NR, a sensing channel or sensing signal in an OFDM-ISAC system is likely to be assigned a specific RNTI for sensing purposes, such as a Sensing-RNTI or Sens-ID. This enables the generation of corresponding UE-specific sensing signals and channels.
[0073] In the above, there are at least one of issues as follows.
[0074] Issue #1: How to Generate the Sens-RS within an ISAC System?
[0075] In NR, different RNTIs are assigned for various UE functionalities. For example, C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, INT-RNTI, P-RNTI, SI-RNTI, and SP-CSI-RNTI are used to distinguish between different signals or channels for scheduling purposes. Similarly, in random access and power control scenarios, identifiers such as RA-RNTI and TPC-PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS-RNTI are utilized.
[0076] In release 20 (Rel-20) , new features like AI / ML for the air interface also introduce dedicated IDs, such as model IDs and associated IDs, to ensure efficient signaling and resource configuration for these features. With sensing functionality introduced as a new feature in wireless communication systems (WCS) , a sensing-related ID-based approach may be employed to distinguish sensing signals and resources from communication signals. This approach leads to at least one of the following design principles: 1. Sensing signal generation based on Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI. 2. Sensing signal resource mapping according to the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI. 3. Sensing signal configuration associated with the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI. The Sens-RS can be differentiated from the Comm-RS by orthogonally allocating time-frequency resources or sequences, such as through time, frequency, or code domain multiplexing. This embodiment focuses on addressing the differentiation of Sens-RS from Comm-RS using sequence design.
[0077] In this case, the sensing-oriented RS within an ISAC system is separately designed to be orthogonal to the communication RS (Comm-RS) . While this design ensures the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) condition, it may result in high overhead. However, low-overhead mapping rules for the sensing signal can be developed to mitigate this issue.
[0078] Issue #2: How to Co-Design the Sens-RS with the Comm-RS?
[0079] In this scenario, the sensing signal and the communication reference signal (Comm-RS) are designed as an integrated system. The sensing signal is partially or entirely derived from the Comm-RS. The generation of the sensing signal may address at least one of the following challenges:
[0080] Problem 1: How to synthesize the Comm-RS and complementary RS to construct the Sens-RS? How can the mapping of complementary RS be designed to achieve pseudo-randomness?
[0081] Problem 2: How to synthesize different types of Comm-RS to construct the Sens-RS? How can multiple Comm-RS be configured to achieve pseudo-randomness?
[0082] These considerations are important to ensure that the sensing signal can effectively leverage the existing communication resources while achieving the randomness required for advanced sensing capabilities.
[0083] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system design and, more specifically, to the design of sensing signals in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) -based ISAC systems. In these systems, the pilot signals for sensing are embedded within the OFDM resource grid in a resource-efficient manner. Some embodiments address both the design of Sens-RS patterns and the associated configuration signaling. Some embodiments can be applied to any OFDM-ISAC system and implemented as hardware or software modules in both network (NW) components and user equipment (UE) . Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for generating sparsely allocated Sens-RS in the time-frequency plane. These Sens-RS consist of both reference signals for communication and additional components for sensing, enabling sensing functionality through CS-based algorithms in an ISAC system.
[0084] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a sensing signal design for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing integrated sensing and communication (OFDM-ISAC) system. The system waveform is based on OFDM, with the pilot for sensing embedded within the OFDM resource grid in a sparse and pseudo-random manner to enable the application of compressed sensing (CS) . This design significantly reduces resource consumption by reusing communication reference signals as much as possible. At least one of Sens-RS design approaches are proposed.
[0085] 1. Native Sens-RS Design: This approach involves designing Sens-RS specifically for sensing purposes. The coexistence of Sens-RS and Comm-RS is achieved through orthogonal resource assignment. The native method provides excellent sensing performance but offers lower compatibility.
[0086] 2. Hybrid Sens-RS Design: This approach achieves a co-design of Sens-RS and Comm-RS by generating Sens-RS based on Comm-RS. Additional components are added "on top" of existing Comm-RS to meet sensing requirements. The hybrid method achieves a good balance between performance and compatibility.
[0087] 3. Synthesis Sens-RS Design: In this approach, Sens-RS is fully generated from Comm-RS. Sens-RS is synthesized from one or more types of legacy RS in NR, allowing legacy devices to generate Sens-RS on demand to support ISAC-enabled devices in running sensing detection algorithms. The synthesis method offers the best compatibility but trades off some performance and flexibility.
[0088] FIG. 1 illustrates that, in some embodiments, one or more user equipments (UEs) 10 and a network such as a base station 20 (e.g., next generation NodeB (gNB) or eNB) of communication in a communication network system 30 (e.g., an NR system) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system 30 includes the one or more UEs 10 and the base station 20. The one or more UEs 10 may include a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a processor 11 coupled to the memory 12 and the transceiver 13. The network 20 may include a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a processor 21 coupled to the memory 22 and the transceiver 23. The processor 11 or 21 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 11 or 21. The transceiver 13 or 23 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21, and the transceiver 13 or 23 transmits and / or receives a radio signal.
[0089] The processor 11 or 21 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 12 or 22 may include read-only memory (ROM) , random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 13 or 23 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 12 or 22 and executed by the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 can be implemented within the processor 11 or 21 or external to the processor 11 or 21 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 11 or 21 via various means as is known in the art.
[0090] In some embodiments, the processor 21 is configured to determine a sensing reference signal pattern based on a sensing requirement and / or a user equipment (UE) capability, and the transceiver 23 is configured to transmit a configuration of sensing reference signals to the UE 10 based on the sensing reference signal pattern. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance.
[0091] In some embodiments, the transceiver 13 is configured to transmit a sensing requirement and / or a UE capability to the base station 20 and receive a configuration of sensing reference signals from the base station 20, wherein the configuration of sensing reference signals is based on a sensing reference signal pattern, and the sensing reference signal pattern is associated with the sensing requirement and / or the UE capability. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance.
[0092] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a base station 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 200 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the base station 200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The base station 200 may include a memory 201, a transceiver 202, and a processor 203 coupled to the memory 201 and the transceiver 202. The processor 203 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 203. The memory 201 is operatively coupled with the processor 203 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 203. The transceiver 202 is operatively coupled with the processor 203, and the transceiver 202 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 203 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 201 may include read-only memory (ROM) , random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 202 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 201 and executed by the processor 203. The memory 201 can be implemented within the processor 203 or external to the processor 203 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 203 via various means as is known in the art.
[0093] In some embodiments, the processor 203 is configured to determine a sensing reference signal pattern based on a sensing requirement and / or a user equipment (UE) capability, and the transceiver 202 is configured to transmit a configuration of sensing reference signals to a UE based on the sensing reference signal pattern. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance.
[0094] FIG. 3 is an example of a wireless communication method 300 using sensing reference signals performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 300 using sensing reference signals performed by the base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 300 using sensing reference signals performed by the base station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 300 using sensing reference signals performed by the base station includes: an operation 302, determining a sensing reference signal pattern based on a sensing requirement and / or a user equipment (UE) capability; and an operation 304, transmitting a configuration of sensing reference signals to a UE based on the sensing reference signal pattern. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance. In some embodiments, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a sparse-random part.
[0095] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a UE 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The UE 400 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the UE 400 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The UE 400 may include a memory 401, a transceiver 402, and a processor 403 coupled to the memory 401 and the transceiver 402. The processor 403 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 403. The memory 401 is operatively coupled with the processor 403 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 403. The transceiver 402 is operatively coupled with the processor 403, and the transceiver 402 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 403 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 401 may include read-only memory (ROM) , random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 402 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 401 and executed by the processor 403. The memory 401 can be implemented within the processor 403 or external to the processor 403 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 403 via various means as is known in the art.
[0096] In some embodiments, the transceiver 402 is configured to transmit a sensing requirement and / or a UE capability to a base station and receive a configuration of sensing reference signals from a base station, wherein the configuration of sensing reference signals is based on a sensing reference signal pattern, and the sensing reference signal pattern is associated with the sensing requirement and / or the UE capability. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance.
[0097] FIG. 5 is an example of a wireless communication method 500 using sensing reference signals performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method 500 using sensing reference signals performed by the UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method 500 using sensing reference signals performed by the UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method 500 using sensing reference signals performed by the UE includes: an operation 502, transmitting a sensing requirement and / or a UE capability to a base station; and an operation 504, receiving a configuration of sensing reference signals from the base station, the configuration of sensing reference signals being based on a sensing reference signal pattern, and the sensing reference signal pattern being associated with the sensing requirement and / or the UE capability. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable communication and sensing functions, enhance a spectrum efficiency, and / or improve a system performance. In some embodiments, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a sparse-random part.
[0098] The specific implementation is not limited in the present disclosure. For example, “preset” and “pre-defined” may refer to those defined in a protocol. It is also to be understood that in the disclosure, “protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communication, which may include, for example, an LTE protocol, NR protocol and relevant protocol applied in the future communication system, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0099] Furthermore, some embodiments of the present disclosure may provide at least one of comprehensive solutions to at least one of identified issues, illustrating the at least one solution through at least one of detailed embodiments as described herein.
[0100] Overall Solution:
[0101] In this over solution, some examples focus on the Rel-20 scope, where sensing detection is performed at the base station (BS) . At least one of the following scenario is considered, depending on the source of the Sens-RS transmission. The node transmitting the sensing signal or Sens-RS is referred to as the Sens-Tx node, while the node receiving the sensing signal and performing sensing detection is referred to as the Sens-Rx node.
[0102] Case 1: Sensing signal is transmitted from the BS.
[0103] Subcase 1: The sensing signal is transmitted from the same BS that performs the sensing detection, i.e., the Sens-Tx BS is the Sens-Rx BS. This subcase is entirely related to implementation and has no specification impact.
[0104] Subcase 2: The sensing signal is transmitted from a different BS, i.e., the Sens-Tx BS is not the Sens-Rx BS.In this case, the configuration of Sens-RS may be exchanged between the different BSs.
[0105] Case 2: Sensing signal is transmitted from the UE.
[0106] Subcase 1: Non-transparent to the UE. Sens-RS is explicitly configured for the UE, and the UE transmits the specific Sens-RS to the BS.
[0107] Subcase 2: Transparent to the UE, Sens-RS is implicitly configured for the UE. In this case, the Sens-RS is derived from Comm-RS, and the UE transmits the configured Comm-RS to the BS. From the BS's perspective, the specially configured multiple Comm-RS form the Sens-RS, meeting the sensing requirements.
[0108] In summary, this solution addresses the Rel-20 scope for sensing detection at the base station (BS) , considering various scenarios based on the source of the Sens-RS transmission. The Sens-Tx node can be either the BS or the UE, with configurations tailored to specific cases. When the BS transmits and detects the sensing signal, the implementation is straightforward and has no specification impact. However, in cases where different BSs are involved, Sens-RS configuration exchange is required. For UE-based transmission, the Sens-RS can either be explicitly configured or implicitly derived from Comm-RS, ensuring flexibility and efficient resource utilization. This approach provides a comprehensive framework to support diverse sensing scenarios while optimizing system flexibility and efficiency.
[0109] Solution #1: Sparse-Random Sens-RS Generation Using Dedicated Resources.
[0110] This solution provides a method where the sensing signals are generated separately and occupy dedicated resources. The at least one of following candidate sequences specified for Sens-RS generation is as follows.
[0111] M-Sequence: This can offer excellent autocorrelation. The choice of the primitive polynomial, initial value, and cyclic-shift value can be determined based on the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI.
[0112] ZC-Sequence: This can provide the best circular autocorrelation and low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) . The choice of the root number and cyclic-shift value can be determined based on the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI.
[0113] Gold-Sequence: Synthesized using two M-sequences, offering nearly infinite choices through parameter tweaking and making it easily distinguishable from the Comm-RS. The choice of two primitive polynomials, two initial values, and two cyclic-shift values can be determined based on the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI.
[0114] Hybrid Sequence: Conventional sequences can be combined in various ways to enhance performance, such as improving autocorrelation or increasing the number of sequence candidates. Some examples may include at least one of following: Combination of M-sequence and M-sequence. Combination of M-sequence and ZC-sequence. Combination of M-sequence and Gold-sequence. Combination of ZC-sequence and M-sequence. Combination of ZC-sequence and Gold-sequence. Combination of Barker-sequence and M-sequence. Combination of Barker-sequence and ZC-sequence. Combination of Barker-sequence and Gold-sequence. Combination of other poly-phase sequences with the aforementioned sequences. This approach can ensure flexibility and performance optimization in generating Sens-RS using dedicated resources.
[0115] The design of the hybrid sequence may be provided as follows. Suppose some examples have two sequences r= [r1, r2, …, rQ] and s= [s1, s2, …, sP] which have good autocorrelation, i.e., they satisfy the following property.
[0116]
[0117]
[0118]
[0119] Some examples denote (r) H as the Hermitian transpose of r, and rq as the cyclic-shift of r by q, and 0≤ε, δ<<1.
[0120] The hybrid sequence may be calculated as: H= (s) Hr.
[0121] Proof of superior autocorrelation property: The 2-dimensional cyclic shift of H is denoted by Hq, p= (sp) Hrq.
[0122] It can be proved that H has superior autocorrelation property by calculating the inner product of Hj, i and Hq, p.
[0123]
[0124] The result may imply that the autocorrelation property may be enhanced since 0≤εδ<<ε, δ.
[0125] In this solution, the Sens-RS in an ISAC system is dedicatedly generated and constrained w. r. t the sensing requirement. The resources for Sens-RS are orthogonal to the Comm-RS.
[0126] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a sensing reference signal configuration using a dedicated signaling according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 illustrates that, in some examples, an example implementation of a Sens-RS pattern design is disclosed.
[0127] FIG. 6 illustrates that, in some examples, the interaction is performed between the base station and the User Equipment (UE) during the configuration of the Sensing Reference Signal (Sens-RS) . In FIG. 6, at least one of following operations is performed. This process defines the communication flow for configuring and utilizing Sensing Reference Signals in a wireless communication network.
[0128] UE Capability Inquiry: The base station inquires about the UE's sensing capabilities.
[0129] UE Capability Report: The UE responds with its sensing capabilities.
[0130] Sens-RS Configuration: The base station sends the Sensing Reference Signal (Sens-RS) configuration to the UE.
[0131] UL Sensing RS: The UE transmits the uplink sensing reference signal (UL Sensing RS) to the base station.
[0132] Sensing Detection: The base station performs sensing detection using the received Sens-RS.
[0133] In details, for examples, firstly, based on the sensing requirements and / or the reported UE capabilities, the base station (BS) determines the Sens-RS pattern. At least one of following options for the pattern design are provided.
[0134] Option 1: The Sens-RS pattern may include two logical parts distinguished by their resource allocation.
[0135] The first part is the dense-uniform part, where samples are uniformly mapped within the resources with a density denoted as d, e.g., d is the gap between two adjacent samples measured by Euclidean distance. This dense-uniform part satisfies the demand for the maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual accuracy. The second part is the sparse-random part, where samples are sparsely mapped within the resources with a density denoted as and specifically, The value of is configurable according to the channel statement as it affects the performance of sensing detection algorithm. The combination of the dense-uniform part and the sparse-random part satisfies the requirements for sensing resolution. The definition of sparse-random can be as follows: Suppose the samples of the Reference Signal (RS) are mapped in a Cartesian coordinate plane according to a certain RS pattern, with each sample assigned a different coordinate. For any two randomly selected adjacent samples, referred to as a sample pair, from either of the two coordinates on the Cartesian coordinate plane, the difference between the two Euclidean distances within the sample pair could be either zero or a random floating-point number. Mathematically, if two sample pairs, A and B, are randomly selected, with the Euclidean distances between the two samples in pair A and B being denoted as dA and dB, then the following condition holds: 0<|dA-dB|≤M, where M represents the maximum Euclidean distance between two adjacent samples within the RS mapping pattern.
[0136] Option 2: The Sens-RS pattern may include two logical parts that are mixed within the same resource. The first logical part is group-dense part, where the number of dense-sample group, i.e., more than two adjacent samples, in the first part can more than some threshold value Ndsg, and the average gap between the samples within the dense-sample group is with a density d, e.g., d is the gap between two adjacent samples measured by Euclidean distance. This group-dense part satisfies the demand for the maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual accuracy. The second logical part is sparse-random part, where the samples of Sens-RS is sparsely mapped within the resources with a density valued by and specifically, The value of is configurable according to the channel statement as it affects the performance of sensing detection algorithm. The mixture of the group-dense part and the sparse-random part satisfies the sensing resolution requirements.
[0137] Secondly, the BS transmits the Sens-RS configuration to the UE based on the chosen RS pattern. At least one of following alternatives are available for the configuration.
[0138] Alternative 1: The configurations of the first and second parts are combined into a single configuration. This approach minimizes signaling overhead.
[0139] Alternative 2: The configurations of the first and second parts are separated. This approach provides greater flexibility. For instance, the dense part, determined by the requirement for maximum unambiguous measurement, can be separately designed and configured. The sparse-random part, determined by the sensing resolution requirements, can also be separately designed and configured.
[0140] Depending on the specific requirements for maximum unambiguous measurement and sensing resolution, the configurations can be achieved by using Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE) or Downlink Control Information (DCI) to activate predefined patterns for the first and second parts. This approach significantly enhances flexibility with minimal overhead.
[0141] Optionally, the dense-uniform part may replace conventional Comm-RS, as indicated by additional signaling. In such cases, a single-bit indication can specify whether the data payload is multiplexed with the Sens-RS.
[0142] In conclusion, this solution provides a comprehensive method for generating sparse-random Sens-RS using dedicated resources tailored to sensing requirements in an ISAC system. By combining dense-uniform and sparse-random patterns, the design ensures both maximum unambiguous measurement and high sensing resolution. The approach offers flexibility through configurable patterns and efficient resource allocation using MAC-CE or DCI. This solution optimizes sensing performance while minimizing signaling overhead, providing a scalable and adaptable framework for diverse ISAC applications.
[0143] Solution #2: Sparse-Random Sens-RS Generation Using Complementary RS.
[0144] In this solution, the Sens-RS is generated by combining two parts, where the first and second parts together form a complete Sens-RS. The first part includes existing Comm-RS, such as legacy NR SRS, PUCCH-DMRS, PUSCH-DMRS, or RACH preambles. The second part is the complementary RS designed specifically for sensing purposes. The second part can either be a sparse-random part or not. In some embodiments, for better performance, the second part can actually be configured as a sparse-random part. This part is additionally configured by the network (NW) and sent to the user equipment (UE) . The pattern of the complementary RS can be flexibly configured to meet different sensing requirements. At least one of following candidate sequences for complementary RS generation may include the following.
[0145] M-Sequence: This can offer excellent autocorrelation. The choice of primitive polynomial, initial value, truncation window, and cyclic-shift value can be determined based on the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI.
[0146] ZC-Sequence: This can provide the best circular autocorrelation and low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) . The choice of root number and cyclic-shift value can be determined based on the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI.
[0147] Gold-Sequence: Synthesized using two M-sequences, offering nearly infinite choices through parameter tweaking and easily distinguishable from Comm-RS. The choice of two root numbers, two initial values, two cyclic-shift values, and two truncation windows can be determined based on the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI.
[0148] Hybrid Sequence: Conventional sequences can be combined in various ways to enhance performance, such as improving autocorrelation or increasing the number of sequence candidates.
[0149] This approach enables flexibility and adaptability in Sens-RS design while leveraging existing Comm-RS resources effectively.
[0150] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a sensing reference signal configuration using a complementary reference signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The general procedure is illustrated in FIG. 7 and explained as follows. FIG. 7 demonstrates an example of Sens-RS configuration using complementary RS.
[0151] FIG. 7 illustrates that, in some examples, the interaction is performed between the base station and the User Equipment (UE) during the configuration of the Sensing Reference Signal (Sens-RS) . In FIG. 7, at least one of following operations is performed. In this process, the base station configures both communication and sensing reference signals to enable sensing detection, with the possibility of utilizing one or both configurations to optimize performance.
[0152] UE Capability Inquiry: The Base Station sends an inquiry to the UE to check its capabilities.
[0153] UE Capability Report: The UE responds with a report detailing its capabilities.
[0154] Comm-RS Configuration: The Base Station sends a configuration for the Communication Reference Signal (Comm-RS) to the UE.
[0155] S-RS Configuration: The Base Station also configures the Sensing Reference Signal (S-RS) for the UE.
[0156] Comm-RS + Complementary RS: The UE can be configured to use either the Communication Reference Signal (Comm-RS) alone or in combination with a Complementary Reference Signal (Complementary RS) . Both configurations may be applied simultaneously or separately.
[0157] Sensing Detection: The base station performs sensing detection using the complementary reference signal.
[0158] In details, for example, first, based on the sensing requirements and / or the reported UE capabilities, the base station (BS) determines the Sens-RS pattern.
[0159] The determined Sens-RS pattern may include at least one of following:
[0160] One Comm-RS, which includes uplink reference signals (UL-RS) such as Physical Uplink Control Channel Demodulation Reference Signal (PUCCH-DMRS) , Physical Uplink Shared Channel Demodulation Reference Signa (PUSCH-DMRS) , SRS, and the Random Access Channel (RACH preamble) .
[0161] One complementary RS, which is specifically configured for sensing purposes.
[0162] The type or pattern of the complementary RS is associated with the type of Comm-RS used in the first part.
[0163] Next, the BS transmits the Sens-RS configuration to the UE based on the selected Comm-RS and complementary RS pattern.
[0164] At least one of the following alternatives are available for the configuration.
[0165] Alternative 1: The configuration of the Comm-RS and complementary RS is combined into a single configuration.
[0166] Alternative 2: The configuration of the Comm-RS and complementary RS is separated into two distinct configurations.
[0167] The Comm-RS uses the legacy configuration, while a new configuration specifies the pattern, time-frequency resources, and measurement-related information of the complementary RS.
[0168] This process ensures flexibility in configuring Sens-RS while maintaining compatibility with existing systems and addressing the specific requirements of sensing functionality.
[0169] In conclusion, this solution leverages existing Comm-RS resources and introduces complementary RS to create a flexible and efficient Sens-RS design tailored to sensing requirements. By combining legacy configurations with newly configured complementary RS, the approach ensures compatibility with existing systems while providing adaptability for diverse sensing needs through customizable patterns and sequences. This method maximizes resource utilization and enables precise sensing configurations without compromising system performance or compatibility.
[0170] Solution #3: Sparse-Random Sens-RS Configuration Using Existing RS.
[0171] In this solution, the Sens-RS is generated through the synthesis of existing Comm-RS. The general procedure is as follows.
[0172] Based on the sensing requirements and / or the reported UE capabilities, the base station (BS) determines the Sens-RS pattern. The determined Sens-RS pattern may include multiple Comm-RS, including one or more types of uplink reference signals (UL-RS) , such as PUCCH-DMRS, PUSCH-DMRS, and SRS.
[0173] The BS transmits the specific Sens-RS configuration to the UE based on the chosen Sens-RS pattern.
[0174] Since the Sens-RS may be composed of multiple types of RS, the Sens-RS configuration includes a set of multiple configurations corresponding to the different types of RS. The mapping between configurations and RS can be either one-to-one or one-to-multiple. If a single Sens-RS is generated based on multiple configurations, the association among these configurations can be clearly indicated.
[0175] Optional: RS-Puncturing Technique:
[0176] To provide additional flexibility in forming specific patterns of Sens-RS, an RS-puncturing technique is employed. The corresponding configuration of the RS-puncturing pattern is transmitted from the BS to the UE. The RS-puncturing configuration can be delivered separately from the Sens-RS configuration; however, the association between the two can be explicitly indicated.
[0177] This approach ensures that existing Comm-RS resources are effectively utilized to generate Sens-RS while maintaining flexibility and adaptability for different sensing requirements.
[0178] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, focusing on the technical solutions, structural features, objectives achieved, and effects. Specifically, the terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended solely to describe certain implementations and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0179] In conclusion, this solution synthesizes Sens-RS using existing Comm-RS resources, allowing for efficient and flexible configuration based on sensing requirements. The use of RS-puncturing further enhances the adaptability of the Sens-RS while maintaining compatibility with current systems. This method optimizes resource usage and offers flexibility in generating Sens-RS configurations without requiring significant additional resources, ensuring both performance and efficiency.
[0180] Embodiment #1: Sequence Design of Sens-RS Using M-sequence.
[0181] In some examples, the sensing reference signals occupy dedicate resources. In some examples, the sensing reference signals are generated using an M-sequence, and a choice of a primitive polynomial, an initial value, and / or a cyclic-shift value for the M-sequence is determined based on a sensing identifier (ID) or a sensing radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) . In some examples, the primitive polynomial is determined partially by the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI. In some examples, a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on a first configured parameter and / or a second configured parameter, the first configured parameter is a length of a sensing reference signal sequence, the second configured parameter is a factor that indicates the sensing reference signals are formed from different M-sequences or the same M-sequence. In some examples, a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial. In some examples, the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI by a look-up table. In some examples, a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI, and there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and a length of the sensing reference signal. In some examples, a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial. In some examples, a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value. In some examples, the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value.
[0182] In detail, this embodiment provides examples of sequence generation for the proposed sparse-random Sens-RS or complementary RS. Sensing detection can be performed using various known sequences without stringent restrictions. However, sequences with better auto-correlation properties tend to perform better, as they are more resilient to noise, interference, and other channel coupling effects.
[0183] Option 1: Using M-Sequence: The M-sequence is generated using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) . The key parameters for generating the M-sequence are as follows: the primitive polynomial used for the feedback mechanism, the initial value or seed of the register, the truncation window, if applicable, and / or the cyclic-shift value, which can be configured based on requirements. This option leverages the excellent auto-correlation properties of the M-sequence to enhance sensing performance under challenging conditions.
[0184] Primitive polynomial: determines the structure of linear feedback shift register (LFSR) . FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of LFSR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The LFSR corresponds to the primitive polynomial x6+x+1 is depicted.
[0185] Initial value: the initial value in each delay module of the LFSR. The initial value may be 100101.
[0186] M=63 as the length of the generated M-sequence depends on the degree of the primitive polynomial, i.e., 2(6) -1=63.
[0187] A specific sensing-related ID, referred to as Sens-ID (e.g., Sensing-RNTI) , is used to determine the sequence from the original M-sequence in the following manner. The Sens-ID is utilized to select the primitive polynomial for the sequence generation. The primitive polynomial has multiple options, and, for example, a list of 5th-degree primitive polynomials is provided in Table 1. This approach ensures that the sequence can be uniquely and efficiently derived for sensing purposes.
[0188] Table 1: 5th-degree primitive polynomial.
[0189] Alternative 1: The primitive polynomial is partially determined by the Sens-ID.
[0190] Step1: the degree of the primitive polynomial d is determined by the configured parameter M and optionally L, e.g. or M is the length of the Sens-RS sequence, L is the factor that indicates the Sens-RS can be formed from L different or same M-sequence.
[0191] Step 2: The least or most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the index of the primitive polynomial.
[0192] This method provides a systematic way of deriving the primitive polynomial for sequence generation based on the Sens-ID.
[0193] Step 1: The degree of the primitive polynomial d is determined by the Sens-ID. A pre-defined table maps the Sens-ID pool to the length of the Sens-RS. For example, Table 2 provides the mapping between the Sens-ID pool and the corresponding Sens-RS length.
[0194] Table 2: Mapping of Sens-ID pool and the Sens-RS length.
[0195] Step 2: The least or most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the index of the primitive polynomial. This approach ensures a structured and efficient method for deriving the primitive polynomial based on the Sens-ID.
[0196] E. g., where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, K is also a configured value.
[0197] The Sens-ID is used to determine the initial value of the sequence. Note that the length of initial value is determined by the degree of the primitive polynomial, a kth-degree primitive polynomial needs an initial value of length k+1.
[0198] Alternative 1: The least or most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the initial value. This method provides a straightforward way to derive the initial value for sequence generation based on the Sens-ID.
[0199] E. g., depending on the value of M, the required bit-length of the initial value is d=log2 (M+1) , transform the Sens-ID into binary form, and fetch the last or first d bits as the initial value.
[0200] Note that the initial value can not be zero. In this case an integer value b is configured or predefined to deal with the zero case, i.e., b is used as the initial value.
[0201] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the initial value. This approach simplifies the process by using the Sens-ID itself as the basis for determining the initial value for sequence generation.
[0202] E.g., where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, both are configured by the NW via the RRC signaling. K is also a configured value.
[0203] The Sens-ID is used to determine the cyclic-shift value of the sequence, i.e., Nc.
[0204] Alternative 1: The least or most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the cyclic-shift value. This approach leverages the Sens-ID to determine the cyclic-shift value efficiently and uniquely for sequence generation.
[0205] E. g., Suppose the value of the first or last P digis of the Sens-ID is Sp, then the cyclic-shift value is given by Note that the initial value can not be zero. In this case an integer value c is configured or predefined to deal with the zero case, i.e., c is used as the initial value.
[0206] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the cyclic-shift value. This method simplifies the process by utilizing the Sens-ID itself as the basis for determining the cyclic-shift value in sequence generation.
[0207] E. g., where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, all of them are configured by the NW via the RRC signaling.
[0208] For all the aforementioned methods in this embodiment, the frequency position can optionally be used to determine the primitive polynomial, initial value, and cyclic-shift value. It can be utilized either in conjunction with the Sens-ID or independently. This provides additional flexibility and adaptability in sequence generation.
[0209] In conclusion, this embodiment offers a flexible and efficient method for generating sparse-random Sens-RS using M-sequence, enabling high performance in sensing detection. The various alternatives for generating the primitive polynomial, initial value, and cyclic-shift values based on the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI ensure adaptability to different sensing requirements. The approach allows for optimized sequence generation, enhancing the robustness and flexibility of Sens-RS while maintaining compatibility with existing communication systems.
[0210] Embodiment #2: Sequence Design of Using ZC-sequence.
[0211] In some examples, the sensing reference signals are generated using a ZC-sequence, wherein a choice of a root number and / or a cyclic-shift value for the ZC-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI. In some examples, a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value. In some examples, the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used to calculate the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value, and the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value is determined based on a number of antenna ports of the sensing reference signal and / or a maximum cyclic-shift number of the ZC-sequence. In some examples, there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and root numbers.
[0212] In this embodiment, some examples provide the sequence generation method for the proposed sparse-random Sens-RS or complementary RS. Sensing detection can be performed using various known sequences without stringent restrictions. However, sequences with better auto-correlation properties tend to perform better as they are more resilient to noise, interference, and other channel coupling effects.
[0213] Option 2: Using ZC-Sequence.
[0214] The Sens-RS is generated using the ZC-sequence, where the ZC-sequence is given by u is the root number, N is the sequence length, n is the index number of the nth element in the sequence.
[0215] The cyclic-shift of the ZC-sequence is also a ZC sequence. Denote the ai as the cyclic-shift number, ai is the cyclic-shift value of ZC-sequence corresponds to different antenna port number pi. A specific sensing related ID, say Sens-ID, e.g., Sensing-RNTI is used to determine the sequence from the original ZC-sequence in at least one of the following ways.
[0216] Case 1: The Sens-ID is used to determine the root number u of the sequence.
[0217] Alternative 1: The least or most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the root number. This method ensures an efficient and systematic approach to determine the root number based on the Sens-ID.
[0218] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to calculate the root number. where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, both are configured by the NW via the RRC signaling. This approach simplifies the process by utilizing the Sens-ID itself to determine the root number for sequence generation.
[0219] Alternative 3: A predefined mapping is established between the Sens-ID pool and the root numbers. For example, Table 3 provides the mapping of the Sens-ID pool to the corresponding root numbers. This method ensures a structured approach for determining root numbers based on the Sens-ID.
[0220] Table 3: Mapping of Sens-ID pool and the Root Number.
[0221] For example, the value chosen for ZC sequence could be the follows.
[0222] In case of 3 values for 3 gNB sectors, i.e., K=3, the value could be chosen as 29, 34, 25. In case of other value of K, the ui is the ith largest prime number starting from 23, since the sequence generated by prime number has the best cross and autocorrelation properties.
[0223] Case 2: The Sens-ID is used to determine the cyclic-shift value of the sequence.
[0224] Alternative 1: The least or most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the cyclic-shift value. This method provides a straightforward way to determine the cyclic-shift value based on the Sens-ID.
[0225] Alternative 2: where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, all of them are configured by the NW via the RRC signaling.
[0226] Case 3: The Sens-ID is used to determine both the root number u and the cyclic-shift ai of the sequence.
[0227] Alternative 1: The least significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the root number, while the most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as, or for generating, the cyclic-shift value, or vice versa. This approach ensures a systematic and efficient method for determining both parameters based on the Sens-ID.
[0228] Alt. 2: where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, all of them are configured by the NW via the RRC signaling.
[0229] Alternative 3: A predefined mapping is established between the Sens-ID pool and the root numbers as illustrated in Table 4. This method provides a structured approach for determining the root numbers by referencing the Sens-ID pool.
[0230] Table 4: a mapping between the Sens-ID pool and the root numbers.
[0231] For example, the value chosen for ZC sequence could be the follows. In case of 3 values for 3 gNB sectors, i.e., K=3, the value could be chosen as 29, 34, 25. In case of other value of K, the ui is the ith largest prime number starting from 23, since the sequence generated by prime number has the best cross and autocorrelation properties. The cyclic shift value is given by integer numbers.
[0232] In conclusion, this embodiment presents a method for generating sparse-random Sens-RS using ZC-sequences, leveraging the flexibility of the Sens-ID to determine key parameters such as root numbers and cyclic-shift values. By utilizing various approaches for calculating these values, this solution ensures high performance and adaptability in sensing detection while maintaining compatibility with existing communication systems. This method optimizes the use of existing resources, enhances the accuracy and efficiency of sensing detection, and provides flexibility in sequence generation for diverse system requirements.
[0233] Embodiment #3: Sequence Design of Sens-RS Using Gold-sequence.
[0234] In some examples, the sensing reference signals are generated using a Gold-sequence, the Gold-sequence has choices via parameter tweaking, the Gold-sequence is distinguishable from a communication reference signal, and a choice of two primitive polynomials, two initial values, and / or two cyclic-shift values for the Gold-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI. In some examples, the primitive polynomial is determined partially by the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI. In some examples, a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on a first configured parameter and / or a second configured parameter, the first configured parameter is a length of a sensing reference signal sequence, the second configured parameter is a factor that indicates the sensing reference signals are formed from different M-sequences or the same M-sequence. In some examples, a leas significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a first primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial, and / or a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a second primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial. In some examples, the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI by a look-up table.
[0235] In some examples, a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI, and there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and a length of the sensing reference signal. In some examples, one sensing ID pool or one sensing RNTI pool is mapped to two different primitive polynomial pools. In some examples, a leas significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a first primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial, and / or a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a second primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial. In some examples, a leas / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial. In some examples, a least significant number and a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI are used as or for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value of two M-sequences of the Gold-sequence. In some examples, the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used for generating the initial value and / or two cyclic-shift values.
[0236] In this embodiment, some examples provide the sequence generation method for the proposed sparse-random Sens-RS or complementary RS. Generally, sensing detection can be performed using various known sequences without stringent restrictions. However, sequences with better auto-correlation properties tend to perform better as they are more resilient to noise, interference, and other channel coupling effects.
[0237] Option 3: Using Gold-Sequence. The Gold-sequence, synthesized from two M-sequences, offers excellent auto-correlation properties and nearly infinite sequence options through parameter tweaking. This makes it highly adaptable and easily distinguishable from other communication reference signals.
[0238] The Gold-sequence is generated by two M-sequences rm1 and rm2, i.e., The key parameters to determine a unique Gold-Sequence is similar to the M-sequence, that is the primitive polynomial, initial value, and the cyclic-shift value.
[0239] The Sens-ID is used to determine the primitive polynomial of rm1 and rm2.
[0240] Alternative 1: The primitive polynomial is partially determined by the Sens-ID. This method uses specific elements of the Sens-ID to guide the selection of the primitive polynomial, ensuring a systematic and efficient sequence generation process.
[0241] Step1: the degree of the primitive polynomial d is determined by the configured parameter M and optionally L, e.g. or M is the length of the Sens-RS sequence, L is the factor that indicates the Sens-RS can be formed from L different or same M-sequence.
[0242] Step 2: the least significant number of the Sens-ID is used as or for generating the index of the first primitive polynomial for rm1, the most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as or for generating the index of the first primitive polynomial for rm2, or vice versa.
[0243] Alternative 2: The primitive polynomial is determined by the Sens-ID through a look-up table. This approach utilizes a pre-defined table to map the Sens-ID to the corresponding primitive polynomial, providing a structured and efficient method for sequence generation.
[0244] Step 1: The degree of the primitive polynomial d is determined by the Sens-ID. A pre-defined table maps the Sens-ID pool to the corresponding length of the Sens-RS. For example, Table 5 illustrates the mapping between the Sens-ID pool and the Sens-RS length, ensuring a structured and efficient approach to determine the degree of the primitive polynomial.
[0245] Table 5: Mapping of Sens-ID pool and the Sens-RS length.
[0246] Step 2: the least significant number of the Sens-ID is used as or for generating the index of the primitive polynomial of rm1, the most significant number of the Sens-ID is used as or for generating the index of the primitive polynomial of rm2.
[0247] E. g., where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, K is also a configured value.
[0248] Alternative 3: The primitive polynomial is determined by the Sens-ID via a look-up table. This method utilizes a pre-defined table that maps the Sens-ID to the corresponding primitive polynomial, providing a systematic and efficient approach for sequence generation.
[0249] Step 1: The degree of the primitive polynomial d is determined by the Sens-ID. A pre-defined table provides the mapping between the Sens-ID pool and the length of the Sens-RS. Each Sens-ID pool is mapped to two different primitive polynomial pools to allow greater flexibility in selection. For example, Table 6 shows the mapping of the Sens-ID pool to the Sens-RS length, ensuring a structured and efficient approach to determine the primitive polynomials.
[0250] Table 6: Mapping of Sens-ID pool and the Sens-RS length.
[0251] Step 2: the least or significant number of the Sens-ID is used as or for generating the index of the primitive polynomial.
[0252] E. g., where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, K is also a configured value. Upon obtaining the index, the primitive polynomials are fetched from two primitive polynomials pool respectively according to the index value.
[0253] The Sens-ID is used to determine the initial value of the two sequences. Note that the length of initial value is determined by the degree of the primitive polynomial, a kth-degree primitive polynomial needs an initial value of length k+1.
[0254] Alternative 1: The least and most significant numbers of the Sens-ID are used as, or for generating, the initial values of the two M-sequences. This approach ensures a systematic and unique way to determine the initial values for sequence generation based on the Sens-ID.
[0255] E. g., depending on the value of M, the required bit-length of the initial value is d=log2 (M+1) , transform the Sens-ID into binary form, and fetch the last or first d bits as the initial value.
[0256] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the initial value. This method simplifies the process by using the Sens-ID itself as the basis for determining the initial value for sequence generation.
[0257] E. g., where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, both are configured by the NW via the RRC signaling. K1 and K2 are configured values.
[0258] The Sens-ID is used to determine the cyclic-shift value of the two sequences, i.e., Nc.
[0259] Alternative 1: The least and most significant numbers of the Sens-ID are used as, or for generating, the cyclic-shift values of the two sequences. This approach provides a structured and efficient method for determining the cyclic-shift values based on the Sens-ID.
[0260] E.g., Suppose the value of the first or last P digis of the Sens-ID is Sp, then the cyclic-shift value is given by
[0261] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the two cyclic-shift values. This method simplifies the process by utilizing the Sens-ID itself to determine the cyclic-shift values for the sequences.
[0262] where is the number of antenna ports of the Sens-RS, is the maximum cyclic-shift number of the sequence, all of them are configured by the NW via the RRC signaling. K′1and K′2 are configured values.
[0263] In conclusion, this embodiment provides a method for generating Sens-RS using Gold-sequences, with the flexibility to adjust key parameters such as root number and cyclic-shift values based on Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI. Through a variety of approaches, such as utilizing pre-configured mappings or directly using the Sens-ID, this method ensures a structured and efficient sequence generation process that meets sensing requirements. This approach leverages the robust autocorrelation properties of Gold-sequences, ensuring improved performance in challenging conditions while maintaining adaptability for diverse system configurations.
[0264] Embodiment #4: Sequence Design of Using Hybrid-sequence.
[0265] In some examples, the sensing reference signals are generated using a hybrid sequence, comprising a combination of at least two sequences. In some examples, the hybrid sequence is selected from following at least two sequences: a M-sequence and a M-sequence; a M-sequence and a ZC-sequence; a M-sequence and a Gold-sequence; a ZC-sequence and a M-sequence; a ZC-sequence and a Gold-sequence; a barker-sequence and a M-sequence; a barker-sequence and a ZC-sequence; a barker-sequence and a Gold-sequence; and a poly-phase sequence combined with at least one of a M-sequence, a ZC-sequence, a Gold-sequence, and a barker-sequence. In some examples, resources of the sensing reference signals are orthogonal to a communication reference signal. In some examples, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and the first part and the second part are distinguished based on allocated resources. In some examples, the first part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a dense-uniform part, samples of the dense-uniform part, are uniformly mapped within resources with a first density, and the dense-uniform part, satisfies a demand for maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals.
[0266] In some examples, the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a sparse-random part, samples of the sparse-random part are sparsely mapped within resources with a second density that is less than the first density. In some examples, the second density is greater than or equal to 2 times the first density. In some examples, a combination of the dense-uniform part and the sparse-random part is based on a sensing resolution requirement. In some examples, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and the first part and the second part are mixed with each other within a same resource. In some examples, the first part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a group-dense part, a number of dense-sample groups, each comprising more than two adjacent samples, are greater than or equal to threshold values, and an average gap between samples within each dense-sample group is determined by a first density. In some examples, the group-dense part is based on a requirement for maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals. In some examples, the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a sparse-random part, samples of the sparse-random part are sparsely mapped within resources with a second density that is less than the first density. In some examples, a mixture of the dense-uniform part and the sparse-random part is based on a sensing resolution requirement.
[0267] In some examples, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and a configuration of the first part and the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is included within a same configuration. In some examples, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and a configuration of the first part and the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern comprises two separate configurations. In some examples, a dense-uniform part of the sensing reference signal pattern is determined by a requirement of maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals, and the dense-uniform part is separately configured. In some examples, a configuration of the dense-uniform part and a sparse-random part of the sensing reference signal pattern is based on different requirements for maximum unambiguous measurement and sensing resolution, using a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) or a downlink control information (DCI) to activate predefined patterns for the first part and the second part. In some examples, a dense-uniform part of the sensing reference signal pattern replaces the communication reference signal based on an indication. In some examples, the indication comprises a one-bit indication used to indicates whether a data payload is multiplexed with the sensing reference signal.
[0268] This embodiment provides the design of the hybrid sequence. As described in the solution section, the hybrid sequence is calculated as follows: H= (s) Hr.
[0269] The two-component sequence can be formed using the following combinations.
[0270] Case 1: A combination of two M-sequences. This approach leverages the excellent properties of M-sequences, such as their auto-correlation, to enhance performance and provide flexibility in sequence design. In this case, the generation of the two component sequences can be similar to embodiment 3, where the key parameters to determine a unique H is similar to the M-sequence, that is the primitive polynomial, initial value, and the cyclic-shift value.
[0271] The Sens-ID is used to determine the primitive polynomial of rm1 and rm2. (Detailed content refer to embodiment #3) .
[0272] Alternative 1: The primitive polynomial is partially determined by the Sens-ID. This method uses specific elements of the Sens-ID to influence the selection of the primitive polynomial, ensuring a systematic and efficient approach for sequence generation.
[0273] Alternative 2 / Alternative 3: The primitive polynomial is determined by the Sens-ID through a look-up table. This approach utilizes a predefined table to map the Sens-ID to the corresponding primitive polynomial, providing a structured and efficient method for sequence generation.
[0274] The Sens-ID is used to determine the initial value of the two sequences. Note that the length of initial value is determined by the degree of the primitive polynomial, a kth-degree primitive polynomial needs an initial value of length k+1.
[0275] Alternative 1: The least and most significant numbers of the Sens-ID are used as, or for generating, the initial values of the two M-sequences. This method provides a systematic approach to uniquely determine the initial values for the M-sequences based on the Sens-ID.
[0276] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the initial value. This approach simplifies the process by utilizing the Sens-ID itself as the basis for determining the initial value of the sequence.
[0277] The Sens-ID is used to determine the cyclic-shift value of the two sequences, i.e., Nc.
[0278] Alternative 1: The least and most significant numbers of the Sens-ID are used as, or for generating, the cyclic-shift values of the two sequences. This method provides a systematic approach to uniquely determine the cyclic-shift values for the sequences based on the Sens-ID.
[0279] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the two cyclic-shift values. This approach simplifies the process by using the Sens-ID itself as the basis for determining the cyclic-shift values of the sequences.
[0280] Case 2: A combination of an M-sequence and a ZC-sequence. This approach leverages the excellent auto-correlation properties of the M-sequence and the low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and circular autocorrelation properties of the ZC-sequence, providing enhanced performance and flexibility in sequence design.
[0281] In this case, the generation of the two component sequences can be similar to embodiment 3, where the key parameters to determine a unique H is similar to the M-sequence, that is the primitive polynomial, initial value, and the cyclic-shift value.
[0282] The Sens-ID is used to determine the primitive polynomial of M-sequence rm1 and root number of ZC-sequence rm2. (Detailed content refer to embodiment#1 and / or embodiment 2) .
[0283] Alternative 1: The primitive polynomial and root number are partially determined by the Sens-ID. This method uses specific elements of the Sens-ID to influence the selection of both the primitive polynomial and the root number, ensuring a systematic and efficient approach for sequence generation.
[0284] Alternative 2 / Alternative 3: The primitive polynomial and root number are determined by the Sens-ID through a look-up table. This approach utilizes a predefined table to map the Sens-ID to the corresponding primitive polynomial and root number, providing a structured and efficient method for sequence generation.
[0285] The Sens-ID is used to determine the initial value of the two sequences. Note that the length of initial value is determined by the degree of the primitive polynomial, a kth-degree primitive polynomial needs an initial value of length k+1.
[0286] Alternative 1: The least and most significant numbers of the Sens-ID are used as, or for generating, the initial values of the two sequences. This approach ensures a systematic and unique method for determining the initial values based on the Sens-ID.
[0287] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the initial values of the two sequences. This method simplifies the process by utilizing the Sens-ID itself as the basis for determining the initial values.
[0288] The Sens-ID is used to determine the cyclic-shift value of the two sequences, i.e., Nc.
[0289] Alternative 1: The least and most significant numbers of the Sens-ID are used as, or for generating, the cyclic-shift values of the two sequences. This method provides a systematic approach to uniquely determine the cyclic-shift values based on the Sens-ID.
[0290] Alternative 2: The Sens-ID is directly used to generate the two cyclic-shift values. This approach simplifies the process by using the Sens-ID itself as the basis for determining the cyclic-shift values of the sequences.
[0291] In conclusion, this embodiment presents a method for generating Sens-RS using hybrid sequences, which are combinations of different types of sequences, such as M-sequences, ZC-sequences, and Gold-sequences. The approach offers flexibility by allowing various configurations for the primitive polynomial, initial value, and cyclic-shift values based on the Sens-ID, ensuring efficient and adaptable sequence generation. This hybrid sequence design leverages the strengths of multiple sequences, providing enhanced performance in terms of autocorrelation properties and flexibility in adapting to diverse sensing requirements.
[0292] Embodiment #5: Indication of the Sparse-Random Sens-RS.
[0293] In some examples, the configuration of the sparse-random part is configured within a radio resource control (RRC) signaling, configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a downlink control information (DCI) , or configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a MAC-CE. In some examples, the sparse-random part is determined based on a pattern index. In some examples, the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the sparse-random part, wherein the first parameter comprises a sensing reference signal pattern ID, and the sensing reference signal pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns. In some examples, the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the sparse-random part in a time-frequency resource. In some examples, there is a maximum number of sparse-random parts. In some examples, the sparse-random part is determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication. In some examples, the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the sparse-random part, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sensing reference signal pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the sparse-random part, and / or form a complete sparse-random part through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.
[0294] In detail, in some examples, the indication of the sparse-random Sens-RS is delivered using at least one of the following approaches. The at least one approach may provide flexibility in configuring and activating the Sens-RS to meet different sensing requirements.
[0295] Option 1: The sparse-random Sens-RS is configured within the RRC signaling.
[0296] Option 2: The sparse-random Sens-RS is configured within the RRC signaling and activated via the DCI.
[0297] Option 3: The sparse-random Sens-RS is configured within the RRC signaling and activated via the MAC-CEs.
[0298] Option 1: Configured within the RRC signaling.
[0299] The Sens-RS patterns are configured by the gNB to the UE using the new information element (IE) SensRS-Config. With this IE, the proposed pattern is delivered through at least one of the following alternatives.
[0300] Alternative 1: By pattern index.
[0301] An integer-type key, SensRS-Pattern, is included in the SensRS-Config IE. Its value corresponds to the SensRS-PatternId, which is chosen from an ID pool representing a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns. Note: To avoid Sens-RS collisions within the same resources, different patterns may need to be assigned to different UEs. The protocol can define the maximum number of Sens-RS patterns, e.g., maxNrofSensRS-Pattern = N. Additional keys can also be included in the SRS-Sensing IE to specify the starting point in the time-frequency resource. For instance, the timeDomainPosition and freqDomainPosition parameters can be used to indicate the sparse pattern. This approach ensures efficient configuration of Sens-RS patterns while avoiding resource collisions among UEs.
[0302] SensRS-Config IE:
[0303] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of sparse pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. An example of the sparse pattern is illustrated in FIG. 9. In FIG. 9, the Sens-RS is sparse-randomly distributed across a time-frequency (TF) resource block, ensuring the resolution and randomness conditions. Additionally, the maximum unambiguous measurement condition is satisfied by the group-dense part, which is highlighted by the red ellipse.
[0304] Alternative 2: By sub-pattern indication.
[0305] Several keys are added to the SRS-Sensing IE, which together specify a particular Sens-RS pattern. The protocol assigns sub-patterns within an indicated time-frequency interval. The complete Sens-RS is then constructed from these multiple sub-patterns. This approach allows for greater flexibility and adaptability in configuring the Sens-RS patterns.
[0306] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0307] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of using sub-patterns to form a sparse-random sensing reference signal, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. An example of this scheme is shown in FIG. 10, where it demonstrates how the same mapping pattern from FIG. 9 can be achieved using the sub-pattern approach. This approach provides a structured method for forming the sparse-random Sens-RS by combining multiple sub-patterns.
[0308] Alternative 3: By explicit indication.
[0309] Several keys are added to the SRS-Sensing IE, which together specify a particular Sens-RS pattern. The protocol assigns sub-patterns within an indicated time-frequency interval, and the complete Sens-RS is constructed from these sub-patterns. An example of this approach is shown in the following case: {t1, t2, …, tk} = {0, 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22} , {f1, f2, …, fk} = {10, 5, {0, 14} , {3, 10} , {1, 14} , {6, 9} , {0, 15} , 2, 13, {6, 8} , {1, 11} } .
[0310] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0311] The example can also be indicated by another approach as shown the following example. In this case, { (t1, f1) , (t2, f2) , …, (tn, fn) } = { (0, 10) , (1, 5) , (2, 0) , (2, 14) , (6, 3) , (6, 10) , (10, 1) , (10, 14) , (13, 6) , (13, 9) , (15, 0) , (15, 15) , (16, 2) , (17, 13) , (18, 6) , (18, 8) , (22, 1) , (22, 11) } .
[0312] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0313] Option 2: Configured within the RRC signaling and activated by DCI.
[0314] A set of Sens-RS patterns is configured by the gNB and delivered to the UE using the new information element (IE) SensRS-Config. Through this IE, the candidate patterns are provided to the UE for potential activation.
[0315] SensRS-Config IE:
[0316] The existing DCI formats 0_1 and 0_2 can be modified to support the feature of dual-functional reporting. For instance, at least one of the following fields as illustrated in Table 7 can be introduced into the existing DCI to enable this functionality.
[0317] Table 7: At least one of the following fields of DCI.
[0318] Alternatively, a new DCI format, 0_x, can be introduced for sensing-related configurations. The DCI field itself does not introduce new content but includes an identifier field as illustrated in Table 8 to support the sensing functionality.
[0319] Table 8: At least one of the following fields of DCI.
[0320] The introduction of a new DCI format, 0_x, requires a new CRC scrambling scheme to enable the UE to quickly distinguish the dedicated DCI format 0_x. The at least one of related values for scrambling are listed in Table 9 as follows.
[0321] Table 9: At least one of related values for scrambling of DCI.
[0322] Furthermore, the group-common PDCCH formats 2_0, 2_1, and 2_3 can also be used to indicate the Sens-RS pattern for a group of UEs. In this case, the DCI field can be modified in Table 10 as follows. When a group of UEs shares the same pattern, the Sens-RS pattern indicator is represented as an integer number.
[0323] Table 10: DCI field.
[0324] When a group of UEs shares the same pattern, the Sens-RS pattern indicator is represented as a K-array of integer numbers, where K is the number of UEs in the group.
[0325] Table 11: DCI field.
[0326] In conclusion, this embodiment presents various approaches for configuring and activating sparse-random Sens-RS, with flexibility in resource allocation through RRC signaling, DCI, and MAC-CE. The methods outlined include pattern indexing, sub-pattern indications, and explicit configurations, providing robust solutions to meet diverse sensing requirements. Additionally, new DCI formats and scrambling schemes allow for efficient activation and identification of Sens-RS patterns across different UEs. This approach offers high configurability and adaptability, enabling efficient sensing reference signal management while minimizing resource collisions and optimizing performance in diverse deployment scenarios.
[0327] Embodiment #6: Configuration of the Complementary RS for Sensing.
[0328] In some examples, the sensing reference signal is generated by a first part and a second part, the first part comprises a communication reference signal, comprising at least one of a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a physical uplink control channel demodulation reference signal (PUCCH-DMRS) , a physical uplink shared channel demodulation reference signal (PUSCH-DMRS) , and a random access channel (RACH) preamble; and the second part comprises a complementary reference signal configured for sensing. In some examples, the complementary reference signal pattern is flexibly configured to adapt to different sensing requirements. In some examples, the complementary reference signal is generated using a sequence selected from at least one of following groups: a M-sequence, wherein a choice of a primitive polynomial, an initial value, a truncate window, and / or a cyclic-shift value for the M-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI; a ZC-sequence, wherein a choice of a root number and / or a cyclic-shift value for the ZC-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI; a Gold-sequence with choices via parameter tweaking, the Gold-sequence is distinguishable from the communication reference signal, a choice of two root numbers, two initial values, two cyclic-shift values, and / or two truncate windows for the Gold-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI; and a hybrid sequence formed by combining sequences.
[0329] In some examples, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and a second part, the first part comprises a communication reference signal, comprising an uplink reference signal, the second part comprises a complementary reference signal configured for sensing, and a type or pattern of the complementary reference signal is associated with a type or pattern of the communication reference signal in the first part. In some examples, the uplink reference signal comprises a PUCCH-DMRS, a PUSCH-DMRS, a SRS, or a RACH preamble. In some examples, a configuration of the communication reference signal and the complementary reference signal is included within a same configuration. In some examples, a configuration of the communication reference signal and the complementary reference signal is provided as two separate configurations, the communication reference signal uses a first configuration and a second configuration used to indicate a pattern, time-frequency resources, and / or a measurement-related information of the complementary reference signal. In some examples, the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is configured within a RRC signaling, configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a DCI, or configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a MAC-CE.
[0330] In some examples, the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is determined based on a pattern index. In some examples, the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, wherein the first parameter comprises a sensing reference signal pattern ID, and the sensing reference signal pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns. In some examples, the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal in a time-frequency resource. In some examples, there is a maximum number of communication reference signals and / or complementary reference signals. In some examples, the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication. In some examples, the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sensing reference signal pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, and / or form a complete communication reference signal and / or complementary reference signal through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.
[0331] In some examples, the indication of the complementary RS is delivered using at least one of the following approaches: Option 1: Configured within the RRC signaling. Option 2: Configured within the RRC signaling and activated via the DCI. Option 3: Configured within the RRC signaling and activated via the MAC-CEs.
[0332] The key difference between the pattern of the complementary RS and the complete Sens-RS, as presented in Embodiment 5, is that the complementary RS serves only as the sparse-random part. It provides the randomness and the total span of the sparse-random Sens-RS, while the Comm-RS acts as the dense-uniform part to ensure maximum unambiguous measurement.
[0333] Option 1: Configured within the RRC signaling.
[0334] The complementary RS is configured by the gNB to the UE using the new information element (IE) SensRS-Config. Through this IE, the proposed pattern is delivered in at least one of the following alternatives.
[0335] Alternative 1: By pattern index.
[0336] An integer-type key, SensRS-Pattern, is included in the SensRS-Config IE. Its value represents the SensRS-PatternId, which is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns. Note: To avoid Sens-RS collisions within the same resources, different patterns may need to be defined for different UEs. Therefore, the protocol can define the maximum number of Sens-RS patterns, e.g., maxNrofSensRS-Pattern = N. Additional keys can also be included in the SRS-Sensing IE to specify the starting point in the time-frequency resource. For instance, the timeDomainPosition and freqDomainPosition parameters can be used to indicate the starting point of the Sensing-RS resource. This configuration ensures flexibility and efficiency in defining and allocating complementary RS resources.
[0337] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0338] In this embodiment, since the complementary RS is associated with the Comm-RS, the starting position of the complementary RS can be indicated in the form of an offset relative to a reference RS. This approach ensures efficient and precise alignment between the complementary RS and the Comm-RS.
[0339] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0340] Alternative 2: By sub-pattern indication.
[0341] Several keys are added to the SRS-Sensing IE, which together specify a particular Sens-RS pattern. The protocol assigns sub-patterns within an indicated time-frequency interval, and the method proposed in Embodiment#5 can be reused. Additionally, since the complementary RS is associated with the Comm-RS, the indication of the complementary RS can be achieved via the association between the sub-pattern identification and a reference RS identification.
[0342] An example of explicit indication is illustrated as follows. In this example, the reference RS can be selected from the SRS, DMRS, or RACH preamble. Once a certain type of RS is chosen, a list of candidate RS identifiers is indicated. For each RS identifier, such as those presented in SRSIdList, there is an associated sub-pattern of the complementary RS presented in SRS-Sensing-SubPattern. The identifier of the RS and the sub-pattern is linked by their positions in the list. For example, the SRS identified by the first element in the SRSIdList will select the sub-pattern indexed by the first element in the Sensing-SubPattern. This method provides a structured and efficient way to configure and associate complementary RS with the reference RS.
[0343] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0344] An example of implicit indication is as follows. The sub-pattern index is calculated as: Sub-pattern index =refRSId mod maxNrofSubPatternId + offset. The offset can be configured and applied conditionally. Additionally, the offset can be determined or calculated using the Sens-ID or Sensing-RNTI. This approach allows for efficient and flexible assignment of sub-patterns based on implicit references.
[0345] Alternative 3: By explicit indication.
[0346] Several keys are added to the SRS-Sensing IE, which together specify a particular Sens-RS pattern. The protocol assigns sub-patterns within an indicated time-frequency interval, and the complete Sens-RS is constructed from these sub-patterns. An example of this approach is as follows. In this case, {t1, t2, …, tk} = {0, 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22} , {f1, f2, …, fk} = {10, 5, {0, 14} , {3, 10} , {1, 14} , {6, 9} , {0, 15} , 2, 13, {6, 8} , {1, 11} } .
[0347] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0348] The example in Figure 10 can also be indicated by another approach as shown the following example. In this case, { (t1, f1) , (t2, f2) , …, (tn, fn) } = { (0, 10) , (1, 5) , (2, 0) , (2, 14) , (6, 3) , (6, 10) , (10, 1) , (10, 14) , (13, 6) , (13, 9) , (15, 0) , (15, 15) , (16, 2) , (17, 13) , (18, 6) , (18, 8) , (22, 1) , (22, 11) } .
[0349] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0350] Option 2: Configured within the RRC signaling and activated by DCI.
[0351] A set of Sens-RS patterns is configured by the gNB and delivered to the UE through the new information element (IE) SensRS-Config. Using this IE, the candidate patterns are provided to the UE for potential activation.
[0352] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0353] The existing DCI formats 0_1 and 0_2 can be modified to support the feature of dual-functional reporting. For instance, the following fields can be introduced into the existing DCI structure to enable this functionality. These modifications would ensure compatibility while extending the DCI's capability to handle both communication and sensing requirements efficiently.
[0354] Table 12: DCI field.
[0355] Alternatively, in some examples, a new DCI format, 0_x, can be introduced specifically for sensing-related configurations. The DCI field itself does not introduce any new content but includes an identifier field to support and distinguish the sensing functionality.
[0356] Table 13: DCI field.
[0357] The introduction of a new DCI format, 0_x, requires a new CRC scrambling scheme to enable the UE to quickly distinguish the dedicated DCI format 0_x. The related values for scrambling are listed as follows, ensuring efficient identification and processing of the new DCI format.
[0358] Table 14: Related value for scrambling of DCI.
[0359] Furthermore, the group-common PDCCH formats 2_0, 2_1, and 2_3 can also be used to indicate the complementary RS pattern for a group of UEs. In this case, the DCI field can be modified as follows: When a group of UEs shares the same pattern, the Sens-RS pattern indicator is represented as an integer number.
[0360] Table 15: DCI field.
[0361] When a group of UEs shares the same pattern, the Sens-RS pattern indicator is represented as a K-array of integer numbers, where K is the number of UEs in the group.
[0362] Table 16: DCI field.
[0363] In conclusion, this embodiment outlines several methods for configuring complementary reference signals (RS) for sensing, offering flexibility in pattern configuration and activation via RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC-CE. The complementary RS is generated using communication reference signals combined with a sensing-specific reference signal, with various sequence options such as M-sequences, ZC-sequences, Gold-sequences, and hybrid sequences. This method ensures efficient and adaptable configuration while maintaining the integrity and performance of sensing operations. This approach provides a versatile and robust solution for configuring complementary RS, enabling precise sensing functionality while ensuring compatibility with existing systems.
[0364] Embodiment #7: Sens-RS Design Based on Synthesis of Comm-RS.
[0365] In some examples, the sensing reference signal is generated by synthesizing communication reference signals. In some examples, the sensing reference signal pattern comprises multiple communication reference signals, comprising one or more types of uplink reference signals. In some examples, the configuration of the sensing reference signals comprises a set of multiple configurations corresponding to multiple types of communication reference signals, a mapping between the multiple configurations and the communication reference signals is one-to-one or one-to-multiple; and an association among the multiple configurations is indicated if one sensing reference signal is generated based on the multiple configurations. In some examples, a reference signal-puncturing configuration is utilized to form the sparse pattern, by puncturing particular samples of the synthesized communication reference signals according to the sparse pattern. In some examples, the reference signal-puncturing configuration is delivered from the base station to the UE and is configured separately from the configuration of the sensing reference signal, with an association between the reference signal-puncturing configuration and the configuration of the sensing reference signal.
[0366] In some examples, a synthesis of the communication reference signals comprises a synthesis of communication reference signals of a same type of uplink reference signals; a synthesis of communication reference signals of different types of uplink reference signals; or a synthesis of communication reference signals of uplink reference signals using reference signal-puncturing. In some examples, the reference signals-puncturing are determined based on a pattern index. In some examples, the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the communication reference signals, wherein the first parameter comprises a sparse pattern ID, and the sparse pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sparse mapping patterns. In some examples, the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the communication reference signals in a time-frequency resource. In some examples, there is a maximum number of the communication reference signals. In some examples, the communication reference signals are determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication. In some examples, the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the communication reference signals, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sparse pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the communication reference signals, and / or form complete communication reference signals through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.
[0367] In this embodiment, some examples provide methods for the synthesis of Comm-RS. The synthesis of Comm-RS can be divided into at least one of the following categories: Case 1: Synthesis of the same type of UL-RS. Case 2: Synthesis of different types of UL-RS. Case 3: Synthesis of UL-RS with RS-puncturing.
[0368] The key aspect of this embodiment is that the gNB indicates a sparse pattern to the UE along with the RS configuration. The UE then performs RS-puncturing when transmitting the Sens-RS. As a result, the Sens-RS becomes pseudo-random and sparse, while the UE reduces energy consumption by puncturing the Comm-RS samples according to the sparse pattern map. The indication of the sparse pattern for RS puncturing is similar to the indication of the Sens-RS or complementary RS patterns in Embodiment#5 and Embodiment#6, and similar approaches can be employed. A simple method to indicate the association between the Sens-RS ID and the sparse pattern is by defining a mapping between them using a table or calculation formula.
[0369] Option 1: Configured within the RRC signaling.
[0370] The sparse pattern is configured by the gNB to the UE using the new information element (IE) SensRS-Config. Through this IE, the proposed pattern is delivered using at least one of the following alternatives:
[0371] Alternative 1: By pattern index.
[0372] An integer-type key, Sparse-Pattern, is included in the SensRS-Config IE. Its value corresponds to the Sparse-PatternId, which is selected from an ID pool representing a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns. Additional keys can also be included in the SRS-Sensing IE to specify the starting point in the time-frequency resource. For instance, parameters such as timeDomainPosition and freqDomainPosition can be used to indicate the starting point of the Sensing-RS resource. This configuration ensures precise and flexible definition of sparse patterns for the Sensing-RS.
[0373] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0374] In this embodiment, since the complementary RS is associated with the Comm-RS, the starting position of the complementary RS can be indicated in the form of an offset relative to a reference RS. This method provides a simple and efficient way to specify the positioning of the complementary RS.
[0375] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0376] Alternative 2: By sub-pattern indication.
[0377] Several keys are added to the SRS-Sensing IE, which together specify a particular Sens-RS pattern. The protocol assigns a sparse pattern within an indicated time-frequency interval, with the complete sparse pattern being composed of several sub-sparse patterns. This approach allows for a flexible and detailed configuration of sparse patterns, ensuring they meet specific sensing requirements.
[0378] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0379] Alternative 3: By explicit indication.
[0380] Several keys are added to the SRS-Sensing IE, which together specify a particular Sens-RS pattern. The protocol assigns sub-patterns within an indicated time-frequency interval, and the complete Sens-RS is constructed from these multiple sub-patterns. An example of this approach is as follows. In this case, {t1, t2, …, tk} = {0, 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22} , {f1, f2, …, fk} = {10, 5, {0, 14} , {3, 10} , {1, 14} , {6, 9} , {0, 15} , 2, 13, {6, 8} , {1, 11} } . In this case, the explicit indication method ensures precise configuration and allocation of the Sens-RS pattern by explicitly defining the sub-patterns and their arrangement within the specified time-frequency interval.
[0381] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0382] The example can also be indicated using another approach, as demonstrated in the following example. In this case, { (t1, f1) , (t2, f2) , …, (tn, fn) } = { (0, 10) , (1, 5) , (2, 0) , (2, 14) , (6, 3) , (6, 10) , (10, 1) , (10, 14) , (13, 6) , (13, 9) , (15, 0) , (15, 15) , (16, 2) , (17, 13) , (18, 6) , (18, 8) , (22, 1) , (22, 11) } . In this case, the alternative method provides a different way to define and configure the Sens-RS pattern while maintaining alignment with the specified requirements.
[0383] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0384] Option 2: Configured within the RRC signaling and activated by DCI.
[0385] A set of Sens-RS patterns is configured by the gNB and delivered to the UE through the new information element (IE) SensRS-Config. Using this IE, the candidate patterns are provided to the UE for potential activation via the DCI.
[0386] SRS-Sensing IE:
[0387] The existing DCI formats 0_1 and 0_2 can be modified to support the feature of dual-functional reporting. For instance, the following fields can be introduced into the existing DCI structure to enable this functionality, ensuring compatibility while extending the capabilities for both communication and sensing purposes.
[0388] Table 17: DCI field.
[0389] Alternatively, in some examples, a new DCI format, 0_x, can be introduced specifically for sensing-related configurations. The DCI field itself does not introduce any new content but includes an identifier field to support and distinguish the sensing functionality effectively.
[0390] Table 18: DCI field.
[0391] The introduction of a new DCI format, 0_x, requires a new CRC scrambling scheme to enable the UE to quickly and efficiently distinguish the dedicated DCI format 0_x. The related values for scrambling are listed as follows, ensuring seamless identification and processing of the new format.
[0392] Table 19: Related value for scrambling of DCI.
[0393] Furthermore, the group-common PDCCH formats 2_0, 2_1, and 2_3 can also be used to indicate the sparse pattern map for a group of UEs. In this case, the DCI field can be modified as follows: When a group of UEs shares the same pattern, the Sens-RS pattern indicator is represented as an integer number.
[0394] Table 20: DCI field.
[0395] When a group of UEs shares the same pattern, the Sens-RS pattern indicator is represented as a K-array of integer numbers, where K denotes the number of UEs in the group.
[0396] Table 21: DCI field.
[0397] In conclusion, this embodiment details the design and configuration of sensing reference signals (Sens-RS) based on the synthesis of communication reference signals (Comm-RS) , incorporating techniques such as RS-puncturing for efficient resource utilization. Various methods for configuring the sparse-random Sens-RS patterns are presented, including the use of pattern indices, sub-pattern indications, and explicit configurations, ensuring flexibility and adaptability in meeting diverse sensing requirements. The approach also ensures compatibility with existing communication systems and enhances the ability to assign resources effectively. This solution offers an efficient and adaptable method for configuring Sens-RS, optimizing communication resources while maintaining performance across different sensing scenarios.
[0398] Commercial interests for some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solve issues in the prior art and other issues. 2. Enable communication and sensing functions. 3. Enhance a spectrum efficiency. 4. Improve a system performance. 5. Provide a good communication performance. 6. Provide high reliability. Some embodiments can incorporate the wireless communication method into the current protocols seamlessly with good backward compatibility. Some embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in many applications. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are used by chipset vendors, video system development vendors, automakers including cars, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, moto-bikes, helmets, and etc., drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) , smartphone makers, communication devices for public safety use, AR / VR / MR device maker for example gaming, conference / seminar, education purposes. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of “techniques / processes” that can be adopted in video standards to create an end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose technical mechanisms. The at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure may be used for current and / or new / future standards regarding communication systems such as a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. Compatible products follow at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure. The proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus are widely used in a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. With the implementation of the at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one modification to wireless communication methods and apparatus are considered for standardizing.
[0399] FIG. 11 is an example of a computing device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Any suitable computing device can be used for performing the operations described herein. For example, FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the computing device 1100 that can implement some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 10 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the computing device 1100 can include a processor 1112 that is communicatively coupled to a memory 1114 and that executes computer-executable program code and / or accesses information stored in the memory 1114. The processor 1112 may include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit ( “ASIC” ) , a state machine, or other processing device. The processor 1112 can include any of a number of processing devices, including one. Such a processor can include or may be in communication with a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor 1112, cause the processor to perform the operations described herein.
[0400] The memory 1114 can include any suitable non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include any electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer-readable medium include a magnetic disk, a memory chip, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a configured processor, optical storage, magnetic tape or other magnetic storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions may include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler and / or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, visual basic, java, python, perl, javascript, and actionscript.
[0401] The computing device 1100 can also include a bus 1116. The bus 1116 can communicatively couple one or more components of the computing device 1100. The computing device 1100 can also include a number of external or internal devices such as input or output devices. For example, the computing device 1100 is illustrated with an input / output ( “I / O” ) interface 1118 that can receive input from one or more input devices 1120 or provide output to one or more output devices 1122. The one or more input devices 1120 and one or more output devices 1122 can be communicatively coupled to the I / O interface 1118. The communicative coupling can be implemented via any suitable manner (e.g., a connection via a printed circuit board, connection via a cable, communication via wireless transmissions, etc. ) . Non-limiting examples of input devices 1120 include a touch screen (e g., one or more cameras for imaging a touch area or pressure sensors for detecting pressure changes caused by a touch) , a mouse, a keyboard, or any other device that can be used to generate input events in response to physical actions by a user of a computing device. Non-limiting examples of output devices 1122 include a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, an external monitor, a speaker, or any other device that can be used to display or otherwise present outputs generated by a computing device.
[0402] The computing device 1100 can execute program code that configures the processor 1112 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 10. The program code may be resident in the memory 1114 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the processor 1112 or any other suitable processor.
[0403] The computing device 1100 can also include at least one network interface device 1124. The network interface device 1124 can include any device or group of devices suitable for establishing a wired or wireless data connection to one or more data networks 1128. Non limiting examples of the network interface device 1124 include an Ethernet network adapter, a modem, and / or the like. The computing device 1100 can transmit messages as electronic or optical signals via the network interface device 1124.
[0404] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the communication system 1200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 12 illustrates the communication system 1200 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1210, a baseband circuitry 1220, an application circuitry 1230, a memory / storage 1240, a display 1250, a camera 1260, a sensor 1270, and an input / output (I / O) interface 1280, coupled with each other at least as illustrated.
[0405] The application circuitry 1230 may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system. The communication system 1200 can execute program code that configures the application circuitry 1230 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 10. The program code may be resident in the application circuitry 1230 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the application circuitry 1230 or any other suitable processor.
[0406] The baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that may enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and / or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.
[0407] In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency. The RF circuitry 1210 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1210 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.
[0408] In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 10 may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry, the baseband circuitry, and / or the application circuitry. As used herein, “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) , and / or a memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the application circuitry, and / or the memory / storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC) . The memory / storage 1240 may be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for system. The memory / storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) ) , and / or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.
[0409] In various embodiments, the I / O interface 1280 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and / or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface. In various embodiments, the sensor 1270 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and / or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and / or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.
[0410] In various embodiments, the display 1250 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, the communication system 1200 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, an AR / VR glasses, etc. In various embodiments, system may have more or less components, and / or different architectures. Where appropriate, methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.
[0411] A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and steps described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware or combinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person having ordinary skill in the art can use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations can not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he / she can refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.
[0412] It is understood that the disclosed system, device, and method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized with other ways. The above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary only. The division of the units is merely based on logical functions while other divisions exist in realization. It is possible that a plurality of units or components are combined or integrated in another system. It is also possible that some characteristics are omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communicative coupling operate through some ports, devices, or units whether indirectly or communicatively by ways of electrical, mechanical, or other kinds of forms.
[0413] The units as separating components for explanation are or are not physically separated. The units for display are or are not physical units, that is, located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purposes of the embodiments. Moreover, each of the functional units in each of the embodiments can be integrated in one processing unit, physically independent, or integrated in one processing unit with two or more than two units. If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure can be essentially or partially realized as the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to the conventional technology can be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the steps disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.
[0414] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
A wireless communication method using sensing reference signals performed by a base station, comprising:determining a sensing reference signal pattern based on a sensing requirement and / or a user equipment (UE) capability; andtransmitting a configuration of sensing reference signals to a UE based on the sensing reference signal pattern.The method of claim 1, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a sparse-random part.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensing reference signals occupy dedicate resources.The wireless communication method of claim 3, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using an M-sequence, and a choice of a primitive polynomial, an initial value, and / or a cyclic-shift value for the M-sequence is determined based on a sensing identifier (ID) or a sensing radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) .The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined partially by the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 5, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on a first configured parameter and / or a second configured parameter, the first configured parameter is a length of a sensing reference signal sequence, the second configured parameter is a factor that indicates the sensing reference signals are formed from different M-sequences or the same M-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 6, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI by a look-up table.The wireless communication method of claim 8, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI, and there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and a length of the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of claim 9, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using a ZC-sequence, wherein a choice of a root number and / or a cyclic-shift value for the ZC-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 13, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value.The wireless communication method of claim 13, wherein the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used to calculate the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value, and the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value is determined based on a number of antenna ports of the sensing reference signal and / or a maximum cyclic-shift number of the ZC-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 13, wherein there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and root numbers.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using a Gold-sequence, the Gold-sequence has choices via parameter tweaking, the Gold-sequence is distinguishable from a communication reference signal, and a choice of two primitive polynomials, two initial values, and / or two cyclic-shift values for the Gold-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined partially by the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on a first configured parameter and / or a second configured parameter, the first configured parameter is a length of a sensing reference signal sequence, the second configured parameter is a factor that indicates the sensing reference signals are formed from different M-sequences or the same M-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 19, wherein a leas significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a first primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial, and / or a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a second primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI by a look-up table.The wireless communication method of claim 21, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI, and there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and a length of the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of claim 22, wherein one sensing ID pool or one sensing RNTI pool is mapped to two different primitive polynomial pools.The wireless communication method of claim 22 or 23, wherein a leas significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a first primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial, and / or a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a second primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 22 or 23, wherein a leas / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein a least significant number and a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI are used as or for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value of two M-sequences of the Gold-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 4, wherein the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used for generating the initial value and / or two cyclic-shift values.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using a hybrid sequence, comprising a combination of at least two sequences.The wireless communication method of claim 28, wherein the hybrid sequence is selected from following at least two sequences:a M-sequence and a M-sequence;a M-sequence and a ZC-sequence;a M-sequence and a Gold-sequence;a ZC-sequence and a M-sequence;a ZC-sequence and a Gold-sequence;a barker-sequence and a M-sequence;a barker-sequence and a ZC-sequence;a barker-sequence and a Gold-sequence; anda poly-phase sequence combined with at least one of a M-sequence, a ZC-sequence, a Gold-sequence, and a barker-sequence.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein resources of the sensing reference signals are orthogonal to a communication reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and the first part and the second part are distinguished based on allocated resources.The wireless communication method of claim 31, wherein the first part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a dense-uniform part, samples of the dense-uniform part, are uniformly mapped within resources with a first density, and the dense-uniform part, satisfies a demand for maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals.The wireless communication method of claim 32, wherein the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a sparse-random part, samples of the sparse-random part are sparsely mapped within resources with a second density that is less than the first density.The wireless communication method of claim 33, wherein the second density is greater than or equal to 2 times the first density.The wireless communication method of claim 33 or 34, wherein a combination of the dense-uniform part and the sparse-random part is based on a sensing resolution requirement.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and the first part and the second part are mixed with each other within a same resource.The wireless communication method of claim 36, wherein the first part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a group-dense part, a number of dense-sample groups, each comprising more than two adjacent samples, are greater than or equal to threshold values, and an average gap between samples within each dense-sample group is determined by a first density.The wireless communication method of claim 37, wherein the group-dense part is based on a requirement for maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals.The wireless communication method of claim 37 or 38, wherein the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a sparse-random part, samples of the sparse-random part are sparsely mapped within resources with a second density that is less than the first density.The wireless communication method of claim 39, wherein a mixture of the dense-uniform part and the sparse-random part is based on a sensing resolution requirement.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and a configuration of the first part and the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is included within a same configuration.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and a configuration of the first part and the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern comprises two separate configurations.The wireless communication method of claim 42, wherein a dense-uniform part of the sensing reference signal pattern is determined by a requirement of maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals, and the dense-uniform part is separately configured.The wireless communication method of claim 43, wherein a configuration of the dense-uniform part and a sparse-random part of the sensing reference signal pattern is based on different requirements for maximum unambiguous measurement and sensing resolution, using a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) or a downlink control information (DCI) to activate predefined patterns for the first part and the second part.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein a dense-uniform part of the sensing reference signal pattern replaces the communication reference signal based on an indication.The wireless communication method of claims 45, wherein the indication comprises a one-bit indication used to indicates whether a data payload is multiplexed with the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 2 to 46, wherein the configuration of the sparse-random part is configured within a radio resource control (RRC) signaling, configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a downlink control information (DCI) , or configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a MAC-CE.The wireless communication method of claim 47, wherein the sparse-random part is determined based on a pattern index.The wireless communication method of claim 48, wherein the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the sparse-random part, wherein the first parameter comprises a sensing reference signal pattern ID, and the sensing reference signal pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 49, wherein the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the sparse-random part in a time-frequency resource.The wireless communication method of claim 49 or 50, wherein there is a maximum number of sparse-random parts.The wireless communication method of claim 47, wherein the sparse-random part is determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication.The wireless communication method of claim 52, wherein the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the sparse-random part, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sensing reference signal pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the sparse-random part, and / or form a complete sparse-random part through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensing reference signal is generated by a first part and a second part, the first part comprises a communication reference signal, comprising at least one of a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a physical uplink control channel demodulation reference signal (PUCCH-DMRS) , a physical uplink shared channel demodulation reference signal (PUSCH-DMRS) , and a random access channel (RACH) preamble; and the second part comprises a complementary reference signal configured for sensing.The wireless communication method of claim 54, wherein the complementary reference signal pattern is flexibly configured to adapt to different sensing requirements.The wireless communication method of claim 55, wherein the complementary reference signal is generated using a sequence selected from at least one of following groups:a M-sequence, wherein a choice of a primitive polynomial, an initial value, a truncate window, and / or a cyclic-shift value for the M-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI;a ZC-sequence, wherein a choice of a root number and / or a cyclic-shift value for the ZC-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI;a Gold-sequence with choices via parameter tweaking, the Gold-sequence is distinguishable from the communication reference signal, a choice of two root numbers, two initial values, two cyclic-shift values, and / or two truncate windows for the Gold-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI; anda hybrid sequence formed by combining sequences.The wireless communication method of claim 55 or 56, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and a second part, the first part comprises a communication reference signal, comprising an uplink reference signal, the second part comprises a complementary reference signal configured for sensing, and a type or pattern of the complementary reference signal is associated with a type or pattern of the communication reference signal in the first part.The wireless communication method of claim 57, wherein the uplink reference signal comprises a PUCCH-DMRS, a PUSCH-DMRS, a SRS, or a RACH preamble.The wireless communication method of claim 55 or 56, wherein a configuration of the communication reference signal and the complementary reference signal is included within a same configuration.The wireless communication method of claim 55 or 56, wherein a configuration of the communication reference signal and the complementary reference signal is provided as two separate configurations, the communication reference signal uses a first configuration and a second configuration used to indicate a pattern, time-frequency resources, and / or a measurement-related information of the complementary reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 54 to 60, wherein the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is configured within a RRC signaling, configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a DCI, or configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a MAC-CE.The wireless communication method of claim 61, wherein the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is determined based on a pattern index.The wireless communication method of claim 61, wherein the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, wherein the first parameter comprises a sensing reference signal pattern ID, and the sensing reference signal pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 63, wherein the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal in a time-frequency resource.The wireless communication method of claim 63 or 64, wherein there is a maximum number of communication reference signals and / or complementary reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 61, wherein the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication.The wireless communication method of claim 66, wherein the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sensing reference signal pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, and / or form a complete communication reference signal and / or complementary reference signal through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the sensing reference signal is generated by synthesizing communication reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 33, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises multiple communication reference signals, comprising one or more types of uplink reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 68 or 69, wherein the configuration of the sensing reference signals comprises a set of multiple configurations corresponding to multiple types of communication reference signals, a mapping between the multiple configurations and the communication reference signals is one-to-one or one-to-multiple; and an association among the multiple configurations is indicated if one sensing reference signal is generated based on the multiple configurations.The wireless communication method of claim 68 or 69, wherein a reference signal-puncturing configuration is utilized to form the sparse pattern, by puncturing particular samples of the synthesized communication reference signals according to the sparse pattern.The wireless communication method of claim 71, wherein the reference signal-puncturing configuration is delivered from the base station to the UE and is configured separately from the configuration of the sensing reference signal, with an association between the reference signal-puncturing configuration and the configuration of the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 68 to 72, wherein a synthesis of the communication reference signals comprises a synthesis of communication reference signals of a same type of uplink reference signals; a synthesis of communication reference signals of different types of uplink reference signals; or a synthesis of communication reference signals of uplink reference signals using reference signal-puncturing.The wireless communication method of claim 73, wherein the reference signals-puncturing are determined based on a pattern index.The wireless communication method of claim 74, wherein the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the communication reference signals, wherein the first parameter comprises a sparse pattern ID, and the sparse pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sparse mapping patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 75, wherein the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the communication reference signals in a time-frequency resource.The wireless communication method of claim 75 or 76, wherein there is a maximum number of the communication reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 73, wherein the communication reference signals are determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication.The wireless communication method of claim 78, wherein the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the communication reference signals, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sparse pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the communication reference signals, and / or form complete communication reference signals through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.A wireless communication method using sensing reference signals performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:transmitting a sensing requirement and / or a UE capability to a base station; andreceiving a configuration of sensing reference signals from the base station, wherein the configuration of sensing reference signals is based on a sensing reference signal pattern, and the sensing reference signal pattern is associated with the sensing requirement and / or the UE capability.The method of claim 80, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a sparse-random part.The wireless communication method of claim 80 or 81, wherein the sensing reference signals occupy dedicate resources.The wireless communication method of claim 82, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using an M-sequence, and a choice of a primitive polynomial, an initial value, and / or a cyclic-shift value for the M-sequence is determined based on a sensing identifier (ID) or a sensing radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) .The wireless communication method of claim 83, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined partially by the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 84, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on a first configured parameter and / or a second configured parameter, the first configured parameter is a length of a sensing reference signal sequence, the second configured parameter is a factor that indicates the sensing reference signals are formed from different M-sequences or the same M-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 85, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 83, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI by a look-up table.The wireless communication method of claim 87, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI, and there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and a length of the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of claim 88, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 83, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value.The wireless communication method of claim 83, wherein the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value.The wireless communication method of claim 80 or 81, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using a ZC-sequence, wherein a choice of a root number and / or a cyclic-shift value for the ZC-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 92, wherein a least / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value.The wireless communication method of claim 92, wherein the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used to calculate the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value, and the root number and / or the cyclic-shift value is determined based on a number of antenna ports of the sensing reference signal and / or a maximum cyclic-shift number of the ZC-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 92, wherein there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and root numbers.The wireless communication method of claim 80 or 81, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using a Gold-sequence, the Gold-sequence has choices via parameter tweaking, the Gold-sequence is distinguishable from a communication reference signal, and a choice of two primitive polynomials, two initial values, and / or two cyclic-shift values for the Gold-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 96, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined partially by the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI.The wireless communication method of claim 96, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on a first configured parameter and / or a second configured parameter, the first configured parameter is a length of a sensing reference signal sequence, the second configured parameter is a factor that indicates the sensing reference signals are formed from different M-sequences or the same M-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 98, wherein a leas significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a first primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial, and / or a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a second primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 83, wherein the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI by a look-up table.The wireless communication method of claim 100, wherein a degree of the primitive polynomial is determined based on the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI, and there is a mapping between a sensing ID pool or a sensing RNTI pool and a length of the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of claim 101, wherein one sensing ID pool or one sensing RNTI pool is mapped to two different primitive polynomial pools.The wireless communication method of claim 101 or 102, wherein a leas significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a first primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial, and / or a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of a second primitive polynomial of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 101 or 102, wherein a leas / most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used as or for generating an index of the primitive polynomial.The wireless communication method of claim 83, wherein a least significant number and a most significant number of the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI are used as or for generating the initial value and / or the cyclic-shift value of two M-sequences of the Gold-sequence.The wireless communication method of claim 83, wherein the sensing ID or the sensing RNTI is used for generating the initial value and / or two cyclic-shift values.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 80 to 106, wherein the sensing reference signals are generated using a hybrid sequence, comprising a combination of at least two sequences.The wireless communication method of claim 107, wherein the hybrid sequence is selected from following at least two sequences:a M-sequence and a M-sequence;a M-sequence and a ZC-sequence;a M-sequence and a Gold-sequence;a ZC-sequence and a M-sequence;a ZC-sequence and a Gold-sequence;a barker-sequence and a M-sequence;a barker-sequence and a ZC-sequence;a barker-sequence and a Gold-sequence; anda poly-phase sequence combined with at least one of a M-sequence, a ZC-sequence, a Gold-sequence, and a barker-sequence.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 80 to 108, wherein resources of the sensing reference signals are orthogonal to a communication reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 80 to 109, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and the first part and the second part are distinguished based on allocated resources.The wireless communication method of claim 110, wherein the first part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a dense-uniform part, samples of the dense-uniform part, are uniformly mapped within resources with a first density, and the dense-uniform part, satisfies a demand for maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals.The wireless communication method of claim 111, wherein the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a sparse-random part, samples of the sparse-random part are sparsely mapped within resources with a second density that is less than the first density.The wireless communication method of claim 112, wherein the second density is greater than or equal to 2 times the first density.The wireless communication method of claim 112 or 113, wherein a combination of the dense-uniform part and the sparse-random part is based on a sensing resolution requirement.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 80 to 109, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and the first part and the second part are mixed with each other within a same resource.The wireless communication method of claim 115, wherein the first part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a group-dense part, a number of dense-sample groups, each comprising more than two adjacent samples, are greater than or equal to threshold values, and an average gap between samples within each dense-sample group is determined by a first density.The wireless communication method of claim 116, wherein the group-dense part is based on a requirement for maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals.The wireless communication method of claim 116 or 117, wherein the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is a sparse-random part, samples of the sparse-random part are sparsely mapped within resources with a second density that is less than the first density.The wireless communication method of claim 118, wherein a mixture of the dense-uniform part and the sparse-random part is based on a sensing resolution requirement.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 80 to 119, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and a configuration of the first part and the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern is included within a same configuration.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 80 to 119, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and second part, and a configuration of the first part and the second part of the sensing reference signal pattern comprises two separate configurations.The wireless communication method of claim 121, wherein a dense-uniform part of the sensing reference signal pattern is determined by a requirement of maximum unambiguous measurement of perceptual signals, and the dense-uniform part is separately configured.The wireless communication method of claim 122, wherein a configuration of the dense-uniform part and a sparse-random part of the sensing reference signal pattern is based on different requirements for maximum unambiguous measurement and sensing resolution, using a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) or a downlink control information (DCI) to activate predefined patterns for the first part and the second part.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 80 to 123, wherein a dense-uniform part of the sensing reference signal pattern replaces the communication reference signal based on an indication.The wireless communication method of claims 124, wherein the indication comprises a one-bit indication used to indicates whether a data payload is multiplexed with the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 81 to 125, wherein the configuration of the sparse-random part is configured within a radio resource control (RRC) signaling, configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a downlink control information (DCI) , or configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a MAC-CE.The wireless communication method of claim 126, wherein the sparse-random part is determined based on a pattern index.The wireless communication method of claim 127, wherein the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the sparse-random part, wherein the first parameter comprises a sensing reference signal pattern ID, and the sensing reference signal pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 128, wherein the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the sparse-random part in a time-frequency resource.The wireless communication method of claim 128 or 129, wherein there is a maximum number of sparse-random parts.The wireless communication method of claim 126, wherein the sparse-random part is determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication.The wireless communication method of claim 131, wherein the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the sparse-random part, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sensing reference signal pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the sparse-random part, and / or form a complete sparse-random part through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 80 or 81, wherein the sensing reference signal is generated by a first part and a second part, the first part comprises a communication reference signal, comprising at least one of a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a physical uplink control channel demodulation reference signal (PUCCH-DMRS) , a physical uplink shared channel demodulation reference signal (PUSCH-DMRS) , and a random access channel (RACH) preamble; and the second part comprises a complementary reference signal configured for sensing.The wireless communication method of claim 133, wherein the complementary reference signal pattern is flexibly configured to adapt to different sensing requirements.The wireless communication method of claim 134, wherein the complementary reference signal is generated using a sequence selected from at least one of following groups:a M-sequence, wherein a choice of a primitive polynomial, an initial value, a truncate window, and / or a cyclic-shift value for the M-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI;a ZC-sequence, wherein a choice of a root number and / or a cyclic-shift value for the ZC-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI;a Gold-sequence with choices via parameter tweaking, the Gold-sequence is distinguishable from the communication reference signal, a choice of two root numbers, two initial values, two cyclic-shift values, and / or two truncate windows for the Gold-sequence is determined based on a sensing ID or a sensing RNTI; anda hybrid sequence formed by combining sequences.The wireless communication method of claim 134 or 135, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises a first part and a second part, the first part comprises a communication reference signal, comprising an uplink reference signal, the second part comprises a complementary reference signal configured for sensing, and a type or pattern of the complementary reference signal is associated with a type or pattern of the communication reference signal in the first part.The wireless communication method of claim 136, wherein the uplink reference signal comprises a PUCCH-DMRS, a PUSCH-DMRS, a SRS, or a RACH preamble.The wireless communication method of claim 134 or 135, wherein a configuration of the communication reference signal and the complementary reference signal is included within a same configuration.The wireless communication method of claim 134 or 135, wherein a configuration of the communication reference signal and the complementary reference signal is provided as two separate configurations, the communication reference signal uses a first configuration and a second configuration used to indicate a pattern, time-frequency resources, and / or a measurement-related information of the complementary reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 133 to 139, wherein the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is configured within a RRC signaling, configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a DCI, or configured within the RRC signaling and activated via a MAC-CE.The wireless communication method of claim 140, wherein the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is determined based on a pattern index.The wireless communication method of claim 140, wherein the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, wherein the first parameter comprises a sensing reference signal pattern ID, and the sensing reference signal pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sensing reference signal mapping patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 142, wherein the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal in a time-frequency resource.The wireless communication method of claim 142 or 143, wherein there is a maximum number of communication reference signals and / or complementary reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 140, wherein the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal is determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication.The wireless communication method of claim 145, wherein the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sensing reference signal pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the communication reference signal and / or the complementary reference signal, and / or form a complete communication reference signal and / or complementary reference signal through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 80, wherein the sensing reference signal is generated by synthesizing communication reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 112, wherein the sensing reference signal pattern comprises multiple communication reference signals, comprising one or more types of uplink reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 147 or 148, wherein the configuration of the sensing reference signals comprises a set of multiple configurations corresponding to multiple types of communication reference signals, a mapping between the multiple configurations and the communication reference signals is one-to-one or one-to-multiple; and an association among the multiple configurations is indicated if one sensing reference signal is generated based on the multiple configurations.The wireless communication method of claim 147 or 148, wherein a reference signal-puncturing configuration is utilized to form the sparse pattern, by puncturing particular samples of the synthesized communication reference signals according to the sparse pattern.The wireless communication method of claim 150, wherein the reference signal-puncturing configuration is delivered from the base station to the UE and is configured separately from the configuration of the sensing reference signal, with an association between the reference signal-puncturing configuration and the configuration of the sensing reference signal.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 147 to 151, wherein a synthesis of the communication reference signals comprises a synthesis of communication reference signals of a same type of uplink reference signals; a synthesis of communication reference signals of different types of uplink reference signals; or a synthesis of communication reference signals of uplink reference signals using reference signal-puncturing.The wireless communication method of claim 152, wherein the reference signals-puncturing are determined based on a pattern index.The wireless communication method of claim 153, wherein the pattern index comprises a first parameter in a configuration information element of the communication reference signals, wherein the first parameter comprises a sparse pattern ID, and the sparse pattern ID is selected from an ID pool corresponding to a set of predefined sparse mapping patterns.The wireless communication method of claim 154, wherein the pattern index further comprises a second parameter in the configuration information element of the sensing reference signal, and the second parameter is used to determine a starting point of the communication reference signals in a time-frequency resource.The wireless communication method of claim 154 or 155, wherein there is a maximum number of the communication reference signals.The wireless communication method of claim 152, wherein the communication reference signals are determined based on a sub-pattern indication or an indication.The wireless communication method of claim 157, wherein the sub-pattern indication or the indication comprises multiple parameters in a configuration information element of the communication reference signals, the multiple parameters indicate a particular sparse pattern, allocate multiple sub-patterns within a time-frequency interval, each sub-pattern constitutes a part of the communication reference signals, and / or form complete communication reference signals through a combination of the multiple sub-patterns.A base station, comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the base station is configured to perform any one of claims 1 to 79.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the UE is configured to perform any one of claims 80 to 158.